1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 1, Pole Day – Saturday May 9
At 5:34 p.m., Roberto Guerrero took to the track. He set new all-time one- and four lap track records on his way to the pole position.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 1, Pole Day – Saturday May 9
Following the run, Guerrero ran out of fuel, and stalled on the backstretch. The next car out to qualify was Danny Sullivan, who had already left the pits. The resulting yellow light condition, halted qualifying for several minutes, and precipitated Sullivan to pull off the track and get back in line to qualify later.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 1, Pole Day – Saturday May 9
After Guerrero was towed back to the pits, Rick Mears took to the track, shaking off his accident earlier in the week. Mario Andretti squeezed himself onto the front row, with one lap over 230 mph. A. J. Foyt was the final car of the day. After three laps in the 226 mph range, the engine quit on the final lap, and Foyt aborted the run.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 1, Pole Day – Saturday May 9
Since the original qualifying order had not yet exhausted before the 6 p.m. close, pole qualifying was to be extended into the next day. Among the cars still in line were Jim Crawford, Michael Andretti, Eddie Cheever, and Danny Sullivan, who could not get back in line in enough time after refueling.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 10
With a handful of cars still eligible for the pole, Roberto Guerrero was forced to wait through the night to see if his pole run would hold up. Teammate Jim Crawford was still considered a threat, but another engine failure in the morning practice set the team back. Eddie Cheever bumped his way into the front row with a 229.639 mph run. Michael Andretti qualified for the second row.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 10
Crawford's crew, scrambling to install a new motor, wheeled the car out to the pits yet unfinished, with parts in hand. Two crew members were actually sitting in the engine bay, working on it, as others pushed it towards the qualifying line. They were unable to finish the engine work in time, and Crawford missed out on his chance for the pole position. Moments later Roberto Guerrero was officially awarded the $100,000 PPG pole award.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 10
Late in the day, the field filled to 27 cars. Al Unser, Sr., A. J. Foyt, Raul Boesel all made runs. Crawford finally put his car in the field, but despite the 228.859 mph average (6th fastest overall), his status as a second day qualifier forced him to line up 21st.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2, Monday May 11
A light day of activity saw Jeff Wood and Jovy Marcelo the fastest among non-qualified cars. Scott Pruett did a light spin, but made no contact.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2, Tuesday May 12
Rain closed the track early at 2:25 p.m. Jovy Marcelo was the fastest among non-qualified cars, at 216.534 mph.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2, Wednesday May 13
Increased activity was seen at the track. Lyn St. James was still struggling in the 212 mph range in her Cosworth. St. James' contract for Ford Motor Company had prevented her from driving the more powerful Chevrolet so far during the month.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2, Thursday May 14
Ted Prappas led the non-qualified cars at 221.212 mph. Dick Simon Racing announced that an agreement had been made for Lyn St. James to utilize Philippe Gache's back up car, a Lola/Chevrolet. St. James was quickly over 218 mph.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2, Friday May 15 – Fatal crash of Jovy Marcelo
At 4:07 p.m., rookie Jovy Marcelo went low in turn one, and spun into the outside wall. The car slid along the wall, then came to rest in turn two. His car suffered major front end damage, and Marcelo was found unconscious. At 4:35 p.m., Marcelo was pronounced dead at Methodist Hospital of a basal skull fracture. It was the first driver fatality at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway since Gordon Smiley in 1982.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2, Friday May 15 – Fatal crash of Jovy Marcelo
The final full day of practice, meanwhile, saw Tony Bettenhausen Jr run the fastest lap of the week for non-qualified cars, 221.033 mph. Didier Theys was second at 220.146 mph in a John Andretti back-up car.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 16
The third day of time trials saw three cars added to the field. Tom Sneva joined as a third driver for Menard Racing, and Pancho Carter's month came to an end when he broke his arm in a turn 2 crash.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 16
Lyn St. James ran her fastest laps of the month and became the second female driver to qualify for the Indianapolis 500. Her third lap of 220.902 mph was also a closed-course record for a female racing driver. She also became the oldest rookie driver in the history of the race, at age 45. Brian Bonner and Mike Groff (a teammate to Scott Goodyear) also completed runs, filling the field to 30 cars. Tom Sneva and Gordon Johncock were among those who waved off attempts.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 17
The final day of qualifying saw heavy track action. Several cars went out early on to qualify, but only Kenji Momota and Dominic Dobson finished their runs. At 2:45 p.m., in his third and final attempt, Tom Sneva put his car safely in the field at 219.737 mph. At that point, the field was filled, with Jimmy Vasser (218.268 mph) on the bubble.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 17
At 3:50 p.m., Gordon Johncock bumped Vasser, which put Kenji Momota on the bubble. Vasser turned right around and re-qualified in a back-up car. Vasser's speed of 222.313 mph established him as the fastest rookie qualifier. The move put Scott Goodyear (219.054 mph) on the bubble.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 17
In the final hour, after showing promise during practice, Didier Theys' third and final qualifying attempt ended with a blown engine. Likewise Tony Bettenhausen could not get up to speed and waved off. With six minutes left until the 6 o'clock gun, Ted Prappas took to the track. He bumped Scott Goodyear out by 0.089 seconds. Johnny Rutherford made one last futile attempt to qualify, but was too slow to bump his way in.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 21
The final practice session saw Mario Andretti (226.409 mph) as the fastest car of the day. Ford Cosworth XB teams swept the top four spots. Pole-sitter Roberto Guerrero was fifth fastest, and Bobby Rahal was the fastest of the Chevrolet powered machines. Al Unser, Jr. practiced a disappointing 25th speed rank. There were eight cautions during the two-hour session, but none for accidents.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 21
Rahal-Hogan Racing with driver Bobby Rahal and chief mechanic Jim Prescott won the Miller Pit Stop contest.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 21
During the week leading up to the race, Walker Racing announced that Scott Goodyear would replace Mike Groff in the team's qualified car. Goodyear, the team's primary driver, was bumped on the final day of time trials. The switch required the #15 car to be moved to the rear of the field, and Goodyear would start 33rd on race day.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Pre-race
A cold front entered the Indianapolis area the evening before the race, bringing misty rain and cold temperatures. Race morning dawned at 48 °F (9 °C), with winds gusting to 23 mph (37 km/h). The resulting wind chill was as low as 28 °F (−2 °C). Mary F. Hulman gave the starting command at 10:51 a.m., and the pace car, driven by Bobby Unser led the field on the way to the first parade lap. John Paul, Jr.'s car suffered a mechanical failure on the starting grid, but at the last minute, he hastily pulled away to join the field. The cold weather made for precarious conditions for the drivers, as it would be increasingly difficult to warm up the slick tires.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Pre-race
As the field entered the backstretch on the second parade lap, polesitter Roberto Guerrero gunned his machine to warm up the tires, but the back end whipped around, and the car spun into the inside wall. The suspension was damaged enough that he could not continue, and he was out of the race before the green flag. Moments later, Philippe Gache lost control on cold tires, and spun lazily into the apron of turn 4. The incidents delayed the start by five minutes.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Pre-race
Without the polesitter in the race, second place starter Eddie Cheever was charged with leading the field to the green flag.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
In turn one, outside runners Michael and Mario Andretti split Cheever on the inside and outside. Michael took the lead, Mario behind him in 2nd. Michael Andretti blistered the track to set a new record for the first lap at 210.339 mph. After only four laps of green flag racing, however, Éric Bachelart blew an engine. Unable to return to the pits, Bachelart brought out the yellow. During this caution period, Mario Andretti made two pit stops to have identified (and replaced) a shorted ignition wire, and dropped one lap down.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
The field went back to green on lap 11. In turn four, Tom Sneva lost control with cold tires, and crashed hard into the outside wall. A long caution followed to clean up the debris. On lap 21, the race finally got going, with Michael Andretti the early and dominating leader.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
A fairly long stretch of green flag racing saw Andretti starting to lap the field up through 12th place. Andretti was running race laps in the high 220 mph range. Andretti was being chased primarily by Arie Luyendyk, Scott Brayton and Eddie Cheever. By lap 60, Andretti held a 30-second lead, and only three cars were on the lead lap. The average speed at lap 60 had climbed to 161.458 mph


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
Michael Andretti's blistering pace was halted on lap 62 when Gordon Johncock blew an engine. The caution bunched the field for a restart on lap 67. Moments after the green, rookie Philippe Gache spun and hit the outside wall. The car slid into the path of Stan Fox, and Fox plowed into the wreck. The crash was blamed on cold tires, and Gache's inexperience, although both drivers emerged from the crash virtually unhurt.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
The green came back out on lap 75. In turn one, Jim Crawford lost control while attempting to pass John Andretti, and collected Rick Mears. Both cars crashed hard into the outside wall and rested on the south chute. Behind them, Mears' Penske teammate Emerson Fittipaldi lost control and hit the outside wall in turn one as well. All three drivers were sent to Methodist Hospital for relatively minor injuries. Mears would miss the next race two weeks later in Detroit as a result of this crash.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
On lap 84, the green came out once again, but as the field headed down the mainstretch, Mario Andretti crashed in turn four. The car lost the back end due to cold tires, and slammed nose-first hard into the wall. Andretti went to Methodist Hospital with broken toes. Like Mears, Mario would also miss the next race two weeks later in Detroit due to the crash.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
The green came back out on lap 90, but the restart was brief when Scott Brayton blew an engine on lap 94. The caution was followed by another when Paul Tracy also blew an engine on lap 97, and Jimmy Vasser subsequently smacked the wall in turn one. The field went back to green on lap 103, but cold tires struck again, as rookie Brian Bonner lost control and crashed in turn 4.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
The field restarted on lap 110, and appeared to safely circulate the track. Five laps later, a major crash occurred. Jeff Andretti's car broke a right-rear wheel hub in turn two. The car immediately turned around, and Jeff Andretti crashed head-on into the wall near the Turn Two Suites. The front of the car was demolished, and Andretti suffered severe leg injuries. Andretti's errant right-rear tire and wheel bounced off the outside retaining wall and flew high into the air and across the track.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
The wheel struck Gary Bettenhausen's left front suspension, sending him out of control into the inside wall at the start of the backstretch, eliminating him from the race as well. It took 18 minutes to extricate Jeff Andretti from the car, and he was immediately transported to Methodist Hospital for surgery. Meanwhile, Jeff's older brother Michael Andretti was still leading. Michael, however, had just seen both his father and brother crash and be sent to the hospital.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
Just seconds before Jeff Andretti's crash, Bobby Rahal was forced to pit due to a flat tire. When the yellow came out for Andretti, Rahal lost a lap, and would be mired a lap down the rest of the way.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Multiple crashes
From lap 62–122, only nine laps of green flag racing were turned in. Eight cautions slowed the race for almost 90 minutes. The finally got back underway at lap 123.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
Michael Andretti took over where he had left off, and pulled away from the competition. The dwindling field was down to 17 cars, and six were on the lead lap. Among the cars still in contention were Ganassi teammates Cheever and Luyendyk. Al Unser, Jr. and Al Unser, Sr. had moved up into the top five, and Scott Goodyear had climbed from last starting position to the last car on the lead lap (6th place). A. J. Foyt had worked his way into the top 10, and Lyn St. James was the only rookie left running by lap 135.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
Around the halfway point of the race, the National Weather Service issued a bulletin. The temperature was 52 °F (11 °C), cloudy skies, with winds at 15 mph, resulting in a wind chill of 39 °F (4 °C).


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
On lap 137, Arie Luyendyk attempted to lap A. J. Foyt, but Foyt had lost a mirror and did not see him. Luyendyk got into the "marbles," and slid up into the turn 4 wall.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
The green resumed on lap 144, with Al Unser, Jr. in the lead after a sequence of pit stops. Michael Andretti charged towards the front, but Al Unser, Sr. passed him for second momentarily. The dicing was halted when Buddy Lazier blew an engine and brought the yellow back out.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
With 50 laps to go, only 15 cars were running, and only five cars were on the lead lap.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Late race
With 45 laps to go, the green came out and the field began the race to the finish. Michael Andretti once again, began to easily pull away from his competitors. On the 166th lap, he ran a record race lap of 229.118 mph, en route to a 15-second lead.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Late race
On laps 171–177, the field began circulating through a series of green-flag pit stops. It would be the final stops of the day. During the sequence, Al Unser, Sr. passed his son Al, Jr. and led for four laps. After the field shuffled through their stops, Michael Andretti was back in the lead, by 23 seconds.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Late race
With the majority of crashes happening in turn 4, the safety crews had an extensive workout for the entire race. They were rewarded with a standing ovation from the grandstands after what turned out to be the final wreck of the day.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
With 12 laps to go, Michael Andretti held a 28-second lead of Scott Goodyear. A lap later, Al Unser, Jr. passed Goodyear for second place. On lap 189, Michael Andretti pulled alongside Al Unser, Sr. and put him a lap down in turn two. Down the backstretch, however, Andretti suddenly began to slow. His fuel pump had failed, and the car coasted to a stop in the north short chute. Andretti had dominated the entire race, and had led 160 of the first 189 laps.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
Al Unser, Jr. suddenly inherited the lead, with Scott Goodyear right behind in second. The caution came out for Andretti's stalled car, and the field bunched up for a late-race restart.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
With 7 laps to go, the green flag came out, and the race was down to a tense two-man battle between Al Unser, Jr. and Scott Goodyear. With four laps to go, Unser held a 0.3-second lead. The cars battled nose-to-tail around the entire track, with the savvy Unser holding Goodyear off thus far. On the final lap, Goodyear drafted Unser down the backstretch, and tucked closely behind through the final turn. In turn four, Unser, Jr. got loose, and claimed he had to back off the accelerator slightly, and Goodyear pounced on the opportunity to close in. Out of the final turn, Goodyear zig-zagged behind Unser down the straightaway, and dove his nose inside over the final few hundred yards. Goodyear pulled alongside, but Unser held him off officially by 0.043 seconds, the closest finish in Indy 500 history.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
Al Unser, Sr. edged out Eddie Cheever by a split second for third place. A. J. Foyt brought his car home in 9th, while John Paul, Jr., who nursed his car all day with a broken fuel cable, avoided all the crashes to finish 10th. Lyn St. James clinched the rookie of the year award, as she was the only rookie left running, in 11th place. Danny Sullivan avoided all of the crashes, and finished 5th, giving Galles/KRACO Racing two cars in the top five. It was Sullivan's first time running at the finish since the 1986 500. CART points leader Bobby Rahal also escaped the carnage, coming home 6th, and maintained his points lead.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
It was the first of three bitter defeats in the Indy 500 for Scott Goodyear. Goodyear, an experienced road racer, was lauded by many for charging from last place (33rd) to nearly winning the race. It would have been the first time in Indy history that a driver won from the last starting position, and would have been Goodyear's first win in Indy car competition. Later in the year, he would triumph at the Michigan 500. In a post-race interview a disappointed but happy Goodyear said "This is a real disappointment.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
When Michael Andretti lost the lead those last few laps I thought 'This is a real possibility.' It was a two-car race from there. I just couldn't get enough time against him and he just beat me. We just drove flat-out those last 3 laps and my Mackenzie team did a fantastic job. We had an up-and-down month and they gave me such a good race-car. I just needed a little more time to get him."


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
In victory lane, a very emotional Al Unser, Jr. climbed from the cockpit, and was interviewed by ABC-TV's Jack Arute. When Arute noticed some tears behind Unser, Jr's voice, Unser, Jr. responded in what would become one of the most famous quotes regarding victory at the Indianapolis 500:


1992 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
Unser's quote would be replayed in many subsequent airings, as well as during the intro for ABC's Wide World of Sports in reference to the famous catchphrase "The Thrill of Victory".


1992 Indianapolis 500, Legacy
Scott Goodyear's charge from 33rd starting position to second place marked the second time a driver had done so in Indy history, Tom Sneva went from 33rd to 2nd in 1980. The winning margin of Unser over Goodyear was later deemed to be closer than published. Unser's Galmer-Chevrolet placed its timing transponder in the nose of the car rather than the sidepod, the standard location in all the other cars. Goodyear's Lola lagged behind due to its placement of the transponder in the sidepod. USAC officials estimated an unofficial winning margin of 0.0331 seconds.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Legacy
The exciting finish of the 1992 Indy 500 was overshadowed by the vast number of serious crashes during the month, including the fatal crash of Jovy Marcelo and the devastating injures suffered by both Nelson Piquet and Jeff Andretti. The crash-filled race saw 13 cautions for 85 laps, and the slowest average speed since 1958. Several drivers spent time in the hospital, while others required lengthy rehabilitation. At the next Indy car race at Detroit, several drivers required substitute drivers, including Mario Andretti, Rick Mears, and Hiro Matsushita.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Legacy
In the aftermath of his crashes during practice and the race, Rick Mears raced only a partial schedule for the remainder of the 1992 season. He dropped out of the Michigan 500 due to the nagging injured wrist he suffered in his practice crash and abruptly retired from driving in December. The 1992 race was also the final start for A. J. Foyt, who would retire from the cockpit before the 1993 race.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Legacy
The Andretti Family's misfortunes during the race reflected back to the Andretti Curse. Jeff Andretti's devastating leg injuries, Mario Andretti's foot injuries, and Michael Andretti's shocking late-race fuel pump failure collectively amounted to one of the worst examples of bad luck the family ever experienced at Indianapolis. Michael Andretti would not return to Indy for two years, due to his 1993 Formula One participation, and Jeff would qualify only one additional time in his career. A couple years later, family patriarch Mario reflected on the day in his autobiography Andretti. With his youngest son Jeff undergoing surgery, himself recuperating in a hospital bed, and hearing of his other son Michael's heartbreaking loss, the elder Andretti called it the "worst day of my life."


1992 Indianapolis 500, Legacy
During the summer of 1992, the track would be reconfigured for safety reasons. The apron at the bottom of the track was removed and replaced with a new warm up lane. The outside retaining wall was also replaced. These improvements were completed in time for the 1993 race.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Statistics
Three-time winner Johnny Rutherford also attempted to qualify, but was too slow. With Al Unser, Jr. a first-time winner, the field ultimately comprised 11 winners. In addition, Eddie Cheever and Buddy Lazier would eventually go on to win the race, bringing the winners total to 13 drivers (representing 26 victories) in the 1992 field.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
"Al Unser, Jr. has the lead, one more turn to go...here they come, coming to the finish line, Bob Jenkins, who's gonna win it?!"


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
"The checkered flag is out...S-[cott] Goodyear makes a move!...Little Al wins by just a few tenths of a second!...perhaps the closest finish in the history of the Indianapolis 500!"


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Bob Lamey (turn 4) and Bob Jenkins (chief announcer) calling the final moments of the race.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Bob Jenkins served as chief announcer for the third year. Derek Daly served as the "driver expert." Daly, who had experience on ESPN, replaced Johnny Rutherford for 1992, but this would be his only appearance on the network. The broadcast was heard on over 600 affiliates.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Bob Forbes conducted the winner's interview in victory lane. It would be the final time until 2004 that a separate interview would be conducted by the radio network crew. In subsequent years, the radio network would simulcast the winner's interview from television.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Other than Daly, the rest of the crew remained the same from 1991. The 1992 race, notable for its windy and cold weather, saw the turn announcers reporting from admittedly uncomfortable locations.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The radio network call of the closest finish in Indy history was critically praised and replayed often. The last seconds of the call were included in a television commercial for Valvoline (Unser, Jr.'s sponsor) which ran for several months following the race.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Bob JenkinsDriver expert: Derek DalyStatistician: Howdy BellHistorian: Donald Davidson


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Jerry BakerTurn 2: Gary LeeTurn 3: Larry HenryTurn 4: Bob Lamey


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried live flag-to-flag coverage in the United States on ABC Sports. Paul Page served as host and play-by-play announcer, accompanied by Bobby Unser and Sam Posey. For the second time, Unser served as the pace car driver, and reported live from the pace car on the warm up laps.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The same exact crew from 1990 to 1991 returned. The 1992 broadcast is notable in that it missed the finish of the race. As Al Unser, Jr. held off Scott Goodyear at the finish line, the director cut to a camera angle over the flagstand, and viewers were not able to see the leaders actually cross the line until a replay was shown.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
Locally, ABC affiliate WRTV arranged to air the race in same-day tape delay in the Indianapolis market. The race is blacked out in Indianapolis, and previously would not be shown locally until a week or two weeks after the race was held.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast registered a 10.9 rating (34 share) with 37 million viewers, the highest since going to a live broadcast in 1986. The final two hours peaked at 11.8/34.


1992 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast has re-aired numerous times on ESPN Classic since the mid-2000s.


1992 Indianapolis Colts season
The 1992 Indianapolis Colts season was the 40th season for the team in the National Football League and ninth in Indianapolis. The Colts looked to improve on their dismal 1991 season, where they finished 1–15.


1992 Indianapolis Colts season
The Colts improved by eight games, recording a 9–7 record, and finished third in the AFC East division. It was the team's first season under the returning Ted Marchibroda, who had spent the previous five seasons as the quarterbacks coach and later offensive coordinator for the Buffalo Bills; Marchibroda had been the head coach of the team from 1975 until 1979 when it was in Baltimore. Marchibroda succeeded interim coach Rick Venturi, who coached the last eleven games of the 1991 season following the firing of Ron Meyer. Venturi remained on Marchibroda's staff as defensive coordinator.


1992 Indianapolis Colts season
Football Outsiders calls the 1992 Colts "possibly the luckiest team in NFL history", due to ranking the Colts as the second worst team in 1992, statistically. "The Colts finished 9–7 even though opponents outscored them 302–216", Football Outsiders continued. "They were 4–7 after losing 30–14 to Pittsburgh on November 22. Then they finished the year with a five-game winning streak – but they won those games by an average of four points. ... It didn't hurt that the Colts recovered 59 percent of fumbles that season and had a below-average schedule."


1992 Indianapolis Colts season
The Colts' 1,102 rushing yards is the lowest for any team in a single season in the 1990s.


1992 Indianapolis Colts season, Offseason
On April 26, 1992, the Colts parted ways with Eric Dickerson after five seasons, trading him to the Los Angeles Raiders. Although they had gone to great lengths to acquire him in 1987 and he led the NFL in rushing while playing for them in 1988, the Colts' relationship with Dickerson soured during the 1990 season and he was suspended twice for conduct detrimental to the team. Dickerson was also unhappy with the Colts' fans blaming him for the team's lack of success and was said to be angry over the team's firing of Ron Meyer, his former college coach, during the previous season.


1992 Indianapolis Tennis Classic
The 1992 Indianapolis Tennis Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Indianapolis Racquet Club in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States and was part of the Tier IV category of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and ran from November 9 through November 14, 1992. Fourth-seeded Katerina Maleeva won the singles title and earned $27,000 first-prize money.


1992 Indianapolis Tennis Classic, Finals, Doubles
Katrina Adams /  Elna Reinach defeated  Sandy Collins /  Mary-Lou Daniels 5–7, 6–2, 6–4


1992 India–Pakistan floods
The 1992 India–Pakistan floods was a deadliest flood caused by a five days long heavy monsoon rains and severe weather that occurred on 7 September 1992 across the north-Pakistan of Azad Kashmir, North-West Frontier Province and Indian administered state of Jammu and Kashmir. Severe floods left more than 2,500 fatalities, including 2,000 deaths in Pakistan administered state, 300 in Punjab province, and 200 in India administered state with several other missing. The floods swept away more than 12,672 villages and several people were buried alive due to landslides near mountains. Punjab, that shares its borders with Azad Kashmir, suffered a heavy agriculture loss in its economic history.


1992 India–Pakistan floods
The floods evacuated 3.3 million people from the affected areas. Initial reports cited between 900 and 1,000 dead with 1,000 missing.


1992 India–Pakistan floods, Background
The floods originated from the three major rivers such as Indus river, the longest river of the country, which flows through Pakistan, China and India, Chenab river, the  major river of India and Pakistan, and the Jhelum river, a river in northern India and eastern Pakistan. The heavy rainfall in northern mountains made three rivers overflow. The Jhelum river swept away more than 400 people in Punjab province, including refugees along with shelters built of mud on the banks of the river. Pakistan suffered a heavy loss of 2,000 fatalities as well as millions of worth properties, while hundreds of people died in Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir.


1992 India–Pakistan floods, Emergency response
After floods struck Pakistan, mostly Azad Kashmir, the Government of Pakistan declared a nationwide emergency. The United Nations mobilized disaster management team to make necessary arrangements for dispatching disaster relief and to provide medical assistance to the flood victims of Pakistan. Pakistan also established the Prime Minister Relief Fund for 1992, a relief account designed to receive international funds as well as provincial-level relief contributions to combat the disaster. Government mobilized Pakistan army as well as local administration in an effort to recover missing people and to provide emergency services to the victims. The World Bank, a financial organization for government agencies, described the efforts of Pakistan "satisfactory" towards its swift recover of damage, although hundreds of people were confirmed dead.


1992 India–Pakistan floods, Aftermath
Severe floods left 2,500 people dead, including 296 from Punjab. More than 9.3 million people were affected, and 350,000 families rendered homeless, including refuge huts. A report by the Pakistani government stated that 12,672 villages in north Pakistan were washed away, 160,000 cattle drowned away, and 80% of bridges and roads were completely destroyed. It was declared a deadliest flood in the history of Pakistan, destroying an estimated $1 billion of property of that time.


1992 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1992 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 27th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held on 7/8 March, 1992 in Frankfurt in Germany.


1992 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
Yuri Ivanov riding under the banner of the Commonwealth of Independent States (due to the Dissolution of the Soviet Union) won her third world title.


1992 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1992 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 22nd edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 13 September 1992 in Pfarrkirchen, Germany.


1992 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Marcel Gerhard of Switzerland.


1992 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship
The 1992 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 16th edition of the World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships. The event was won by Leigh Adams of Australia.


1992 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship, World final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1992 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1992 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 47th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1992 Individual Speedway World Championship
Gary Havelock scored 14 points to become England's first Speedway World Champion since Michael Lee in 1980. Sweden's Per Jonsson, the 1990 World Champion, finished second with 11 points with Denmark's Gert Handberg third on 10 points.


1992 Individual Speedway World Championship
Triple World Champion Hans Nielsen failed to qualify for a World Final for the first time since 1979 after only finishing 12th in the Nordic Final.


1992 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1992 Indonesia Open (badminton)
The 1992 Indonesia Open in badminton was held in Semarang, from September 16 to September 20, 1992. It was a five-star tournament and the prize money was US$166,000.


1992 Indonesian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 9 June 1992. They were the sixth legislative elections since independence and the fifth under the New Order regime. Although the share of the vote won by Golkar declined, and the two parties saw their votes rise, the government organisation still won a clear majority.


1992 Indonesian legislative election
Since Indonesia began the broadcast of private television stations in 1989, this would be the first ever election to be covered by private TV channels, with a joint partnership between the young channels RCTI and SCTV, airing alongside TVRI's national coverage.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Background
In 1973, the government 'obliged' the nine political parties of the time to fuse themselves into the Islamic United Development Party (PPP) and the nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). The only other participant for all the elections held during the New Order regime was Golkar, the "functional group".


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Background
In the run up to the election, the PPP worked hard to position itself as a party that was not extreme in its outlook, and that was not an opposition force, in an effort to bring about an open and participative political culture in which the party would play a more meaningful political role. Long before the election campaign, the PPP had decided on President Suharto as its presidential candidate for the 1993-1998 term.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Background
Since its 1996 Congress, the PDI had striven to increase party unity and put an end to internal party conflict. It tried to position itself as the party of the "little people" to take advantage of public dissatisfaction. It also tried to portray itself as the most nationalistic party and raised issues such as social inequality and emphasized its anti-foreign aid stance.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Background
Golkar had its share of internal problems, mainly caused by the fact it was a more complex organization than the two political parties, resulting in sometimes poor coordination between the center and the branches in provinces such as Riau, West Kalimantan, and North Sulawesi. It also faced demands for more openness and to respect human rights.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, Protests and casualties
The election campaign lasted from 10 May to 3 June. On 9 May, Minister of Home Affairs and General Elections Institution chairman Rudini stated that all election participants (i.e. the two parties and Golkar) had the same standing, rights and obligations during the campaign.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, Protests and casualties
On 19 May, following widespread violations of traffic laws by election participants, Rudini said that the campaign to date had not been "ideal", and that a good campaign would take the form of political debates, including using the electronic media and the press. The following day, governor of Special Region of Yogyakarta Sri Paku Alam VIII banned the use of two-wheeled vehicles for campaigning. Two days later, PPP and PDI members removed their flags from the streets of Yogya and replaced them with white flags as a protest against the ban.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, Protests and casualties
The sultan of Yogyakarta and local Golkar chairman Hamengkubuwono X appealed to the PPP and the PDI to reconsider the removal of their flags as it would damage the national and international image of the city. On May 22, around 3,000 students bearing white flags and calling themselves the "white group" marched out of a local university campus. The demonstration ended after representatives were allowed to meet with the chairman of the local legislature. This became known as the "Yogya Incident".


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, Protests and casualties
On 26 May, Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs Sudomo said that President Suharto was very concerned about the way the campaign was being conducted and the large number of deaths. On 1 June, an interior ministry official announced that 23 people had died during the campaign, all as a result of traffic accidents. A further 194 had been injured.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, Golkar
Golkar's campaign began with a rally in Surabaya, East Java. On 23 May, party spokesman Sarwono Kusumaatmadja said that it was difficult to bring about change without risking the unity of the nation, and that the priority was to build a strong economic basis.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, Golkar
According to Golkar spokesman Sudomo, speaking on 29 May, the organization's priorities for the next five years were to improve quality in all aspects by developing human resources, to fight against the excesses of deviations from development such as corruption and legal levies, to build openness and Pancasila democracy together with legal certainty and to persuade Suharto to stand for the presidency for the next five-year term. Golkar's campaign ended where it had begun, in Surabaya,.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, United Development Party
At the beginning of the PPP's campaign in Jakarta on 10 May, senior party official Djufrie Asmoredjo again stated that the PPP would nominate Suharto for the presidency, with General Try Sutrisno as his deputy. On the same day, PPP chairman Ismail Hasan Metareum said that the party would work to improve the lot of the disadvantaged by building a pro-people economy and bringing about social justice. On 29 May, he said the PPP must win a majority of the vote in Jakarta, and reminded supporters to vote for the party. Ending the party's campaign in Semarang on 3 June, secretary general Matori Abdul Djalil read a five-part political statement calling on people to use their vote and saying that Pancasila was the only basis for society.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, The campaign, The Indonesian Democratic Party
On 10 May in Surabaya, PDI chairman Soerjadi said the election was a way of preventing authoritarian government, and limiting power. Two days later, he said that although the 1945 Constitution did not impose a limit on the number of presidential terms, the PDI would like to see a two-term limit Several million people attended the PDI's final rally in Jakarta. Soerjadi called for the 1985 law on political parties to be amended to allow the political parties to organizese down to the village level and for an end to the practice of closing down publications. He also demanded tougher sentences for those convicted of corruption and an end to monopolies.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Results
Polls opened at 08:00 local time and closed at 14:00. After counting of votes at the polling stations, results were sent to the central election agency. The results were officially announced on June 29. Of the 107,565,697 registered voters, 90.91% cast valid votes.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath
In October 1992, Golkar and the two parties began discussions over the agenda for the People's Consultative Assembly the following March at which the president and vice-president would be elected. Demanding changes to the electoral system as well as an end to corruption and abuse of power, the PDI refused to nominate its presidential candidate. This was despite the fact the other factions, Golkar, the PPP and the Armed Forces faction had already nominated Suharto.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath
At the conference, which opened on 12 January 1993 Soerjadi came under pressure from demonstrating party members to nominate a candidate other than Suharto, and from the government and military officers to nominate Suharto. Eventually, on 14 January, Soerjadi announced the party had unanimously decided on Suharto. The party also dropped all its demands except for electoral reform. However, these were ignored at the People's Consultative Assembly general session, which opened on from 1 March. Despite three PDI delegates marching to the speaker's podium demanding discussion of their demands, under Golkar and military pressure, they withdrew their demands.


1992 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath
However the vice presidential vote was a source of controversy during the session. During that session the Armed Forces deputies to the Assembly preemptedly nominated the former Chief of the Armed Forces, recently retired General Try Sutrisno, to the vice presidency, a move quickly approved by the two opposition parties. Sukarno was later forced to accept the move. Having reportedly angry at the decision of the armed forces deputies, he did not make any more to displease them. In the end, Suharto and Sutrisno were both elected president and vice-president for the 1993-1998 term by the Assembly.


1992 Indy Lights season
The 1992 Firestone Indy Lights Championship consisted of 12 races. American Robbie Buhl captured a single victory on his way to the championship. This was the last season where all chassis were supplied by March.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Phoenix race
Held April 5 at Phoenix International Raceway. Franck Fréon won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Long Beach race
Held April 12 at Long Beach, California Street Course. Franck Fréon won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Detroit race
Held June 7 at Belle Isle Raceway. Adrian Fernández won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Portland race
Held June 21 at Portland International Raceway. Franck Fréon won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Milwaukee race
Held June 28 at The Milwaukee Mile. Adrian Fernández won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Loudon race
Held July 5 at New Hampshire International Speedway. Adrian Fernández won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Toronto race
Held July 19 at Exhibition Place. Mark Smith won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Cleveland race
Held August 9 at Burke Lakefront Airport. Robbie Buhl won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Vancouver race
Held August 30 at Pacific Place. Robbie Buhl won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Mid-Ohio race
Held September 13 at The Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. Franck Fréon won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Nazareth race
Held October 4 at Nazareth Speedway. Robbie Buhl won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Laguna Seca race
Held October 18 at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. Robbie Groff won the pole.


1992 Indy Lights season, Final points standings, Driver
For every race the points were awarded: 20 points to the winner, 16 for runner-up, 14 for third place, 12 for fourth place, 10 for fifth place, 8 for sixth place, 6 seventh place, winding down to 1 points for 12th place. Additional points were awarded to the pole winner (1 point) and to the driver leading the most laps (1 point).


1992 Intercontinental Cup
The 1992 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 13 December 1992, between FC Barcelona, winners of the 1991–92 European Cup, and São Paulo, winners of the 1992 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the National Stadium in Tokyo. It was both Barcelona and São Paulo's first appearances into the competition. São Paulo won the match 2–1.


1992 International Austrian Indoor Championships
The 1992 International Austrian Indoor Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Intersport Arena in Linz, Austria that was part of Tier V of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from 10 February through 16 February 1992.Unseeded Natalia Medvedeva won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money as well as 110 ranking points.


1992 International Austrian Indoor Championships, Finals, Doubles
Monique Kiene /  Miriam Oremans defeated  Claudia Porwik /  Raffaella Reggi 6–4, 6–2


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship
The 1992 Formula 3000 International Championship was the eighth season of Formula 3000 in Europe. Luca Badoer won the ten-round championship.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Technical changes
Reynard was once again the dominant manufacturer. After Lola failed to win a race in 1991, there were only six of their cars on the grid in 1992. Simtek produced an upgrade of the previous year's RALT. Two cars were produced and sold to Piquet Racing, however after a test by Nelson Piquet himself they were sold in favor of a Reynard. Piemme Motors bought one car for Giambattista Busi, who usually started near the back of the grid and never managed to finish a race. The other car was sold to Japan, and RALT announced its withdrawal from F3000 early in the season.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Technical changes
Exotic fuel blends were banned after Agip's success in 1991. A stricter interpretation of the rules gave the cars long sidepods, which greatly increased the area of the flat floor, making the cars very sensitive to pitch changes.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
Jordi Gené won on his debut at the Silverstone, which would turn out to be his only F3000 victory. Emanuele Naspetti won on the streets of Pau in spite of a collision with Andrea Montermini. Both continued, but Montermini later crashed at the Foch statue. Montermini won the next race in Barcelona.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
At Enna, the Crypton team introduced a monodamper front suspension, and their driver Luca Badoer took the victory. He then won the next two rounds in Germany as other teams scrambled to catch up, either by switching to the dominant Mader-tuned Cosworth DFVs or with monodampers, now available as an upgrade from Reynard.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
At Spa-Francorchamps, Badoer suffered a high-speed accident at Radillion. His car went into the barriers backwards, and Badoer's head hit the steel roll hoop, which broke his helmet and knocked him unconscious. Montermini took the victory, and followed this with a win on F3000's only visit to the twisty Albacete circuit in Spain.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
At Nogaro, took pole position drove away to a convincing victory to clinch the title with a round to spare. In the finale, Badoer and Montermini collided, leaving Jean-Marc Gounon to take Lola's only victory of the year, followed by Olivier Panis in another Lola and David Coulthard.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Final points standings, Driver
For every race points were awarded: 9 points to the winner, 6 for runner-up, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. No additional points were awarded.


1992 International Formula 3000 Championship, Complete Overview
R16=retired, but classified  R=retired NS=did not start NQ=did not qualify DIS(6)=disqualified after finishing in eleventh place (25)=place after practice, but grid position not held free


1992 International League season
The 1992 International League season took place from April to September 1992.


1992 International League season
The Columbus Clippers defeated the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons to win the league championship. The 1992 Clippers were recognized on The National Baseball Association's top 100 minor league teams of all time list, placing at #72.


1992 International League season, Regular season, All-Star game
The 1992 Triple-A All-Star Game was held at The Diamond in Richmond, Virginia, home of the IL's Richmond Braves. The All-Stars representing the American League affiliates won 2-1. Sam Militello of the Columbus Clippers won the top award for the International League.


1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the  Ligue d'Alsace de Tenis in Strasbourg, France that was part of Tier IV of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from 18 May until 24 May 1992. Second-seeded Judith Wiesner won the singles title and earned $27,000 first-prize money.


1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg, Finals, Doubles
Patty Fendick /  Andrea Strnadová defeated  Lori McNeil /  Mercedes Paz 6–3, 6–4


1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
Lori McNeil and Stephanie Rehe were the defending champions, but Rehe did not compete this year.


1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
McNeil teamed up with Mercedes Paz and lost in the final to Patty Fendick and Andrea Strnadová. The score was 6–3, 6–4.


1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles
Radka Zrubáková was the defending champion, but did not compete this year.


1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles
Judith Wiesner won the title by defeating Naoko Sawamatsu 6–1, 6–3 in the final.


1992 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles, Seeds
The first four seeds received a bye to the second round.


1992 Internazionali di Tennis San Marino
The 1992 Internazionali di Tennis San Marino was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Centro Sportivo Tennis in the City of San Marino, San Marino that was part of the Tier V category of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the WTA San Marino and was held from 20 July until 26 July 1992. First-seeded Magdalena Maleeva won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money.


1992 Internazionali di Tennis San Marino, Finals, Doubles
Alexia Dechaume /  Florencia Labat defeated  Sandra Cecchini /  Laura Garrone 7–6(8–6), 7–5


1992 Internazionali di Tennis di San Marino
The 1992 Internazionali di Tennis di San Marino was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Centro Tennis Cassa di Risparmio di Fonte dell'Ovo in the City of San Marino in San Marino and was part of the World Series of the 1992 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 27 July until 2 August 1992. First-seeded Karel Nováček won the singles title.


1992 Internazionali di Tennis di San Marino, Finals, Doubles
Nicklas Kulti /  Mikael Tillström defeated  Cristian Brandi /  Federico Mordegan 6–2, 6–2


1992 Intertoto Cup
In the 1992 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1992 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into ten groups of four teams each.


1992 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1992 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 10 October, 1992, as part of the 1992 New Zealand local elections, and was conducted under the First Past the Post system.


1992 Invercargill mayoral election
Incumbent mayor Eve Poole was re-elected with a reduced majority in a tight three-way race with deputy mayor Bruce Pagan and councillor Mirek Cvigr.


1992 Invercargill mayoral election
Poole died two months later, triggering a by-election in March 1993.


1992 Inverclyde District Council election
Elections to the Inverclyde District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts


1992 Inverness District Council election
Elections to the Inverness District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.


1992 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1992 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team was coached by Hayden Fry and played their home games at Kinnick Stadium.


1992 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Miami (FL)
Eventual Heisman Trophy winner Gino Torretta threw for a Kinnick Stadium record 433 yards.


1992 Iowa Senate election
The 1992 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1992 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 32 of the state senate's 50 districts--all 25 of the even-numbered seats were up for regularly-scheduled elections and, due to the oddities of redistricting following the 1990 Census, seven of the odd-numbered seats were up as well. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate, with half of the seats traditionally up for election each cycle.


1992 Iowa Senate election
The Iowa General Assembly provides statewide maps of each district. To compare the effect of the 1991 redistricting process on the location of each district, contrast the  with the .


1992 Iowa Senate election
The primary election on June 2, 1992 determined which candidates appeared on the November 3, 1992 general election ballot. Primary election results can be obtained here. General election results can be obtained here.


1992 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Democrats had control of the Iowa state Senate with 28 seats to Republicans' 22 seats. On December 17, 1991 a special election in district 44 resulted in Albert Sorensen flipping a seat in favor of the Democrats. Therefore, on election day in November 1992, Democrats controlled 29 seats and Republicans had 21.


1992 Iowa Senate election
To reclaim control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans needed to net 5 Senate seats.


1992 Iowa Senate election
Democrats maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1992 general election with the balance of power shifting to Democrats holding 27 seats and Republicans having 23 seats (a net gain of 2 seats for the Republicans).


1992 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1992 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big Eight Conference. The team was coached by head coach Jim Walden.


1992 Ipswich Borough Council election
The 1992 Ipswich Borough Council election was an election to the Ipswich Borough Council under the arrangement, whereby a third of the councillors were to stand for election, each time.


1992 Ipswich Borough Council election
It took place as part of the 1992 United Kingdom local elections.


1992 Ipswich Borough Council election
There were 16 wards each returning one councillor. The Labour Party retained control of the Council.


1992 Iranian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 10 April 1992, with a second round on 8 May. The elections were the first parliamentary elections held in Iran since the death of Ayatollah Khomeini and during Ali Khamenei's leadership.


1992 Iranian legislative election
It marked a rivalry between the two main organizations at the time, the right-wing Combatant Clergy Association (supporters of President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani) and the left-wing Association of Combatant Clerics. The results marked a victory for the right-wingers who obtained an absolute majority with more than 70 percent of the seats.


1992 Iranian legislative election, Campaign
Freedom Movement of Iran, the political group led by Mehdi Bazargan, boycotted the elections on the grounds that their rights to compete in fair elections had been curbed and there was official discrimination toward them.


1992 Iranian legislative election, Campaign
The duration of official campaigns started one week after Ramadan and were limited to seven days, ending 24 hours before the polling process started. The candidates and campaigners were obliged to focus on their merits, rather than negative campaigning. Several taboos on advertisements were broken during the elections, for the first time foreign academic credentials received positive publicity and some campaign literatures were void of regular political and ideological jargon (such as following Imam's Line or highlighting activities against Shah's regime).


1992 Iranian legislative election, Disqualifications
Some 3,150 candidates registered to run for a seat, but the Guardian Council disqualified about one-third of them, approving only some 2,050. Among the disqualified candidates, 39 were incumbent MPs either belonged to or had sympathized with the Association of Combatant Clerics, including Sadegh Khalkhali, Ateghe Sediqi, Hossein Mousavi Tabrizi, Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani and Ebrahim Asgharzadeh. Behzad Nabavi and Mohammad Khatami, Iran's next president were also disqualified to run.


1992 Iranian legislative election, Results
The table below only includes seats decided in the first round of voting:


1992 Iranian legislative election, Results
According to Eva Rakel, the radical left faction gained 79 out of 270 parliamentary seats.


1992 Iranian legislative election, Results
According to Inter-Parliamentary Union, some three-fourths of the seats were controlled by the Combatant Clergy Association, who secured 134 seats in the first round.


1992 Iraqi Elite Cup
The Second Mother of all Battles Championship (Arabic: بطولة أم المعارك الثانية), commonly referred to as the 1992 Iraqi Elite Cup (Arabic: كأس النخبة العراقي 1992), was the second occurrence of the Iraqi Elite Cup. Unlike the last season where the competition was organised by Al-Talaba, this season was organised by the Iraq Football Association. The top eight teams of the 1991–92 Iraqi National League competed in the tournament. The competition started on 2 July 1992 and ended on 17 July 1992 where, in the final, held at Al-Shaab Stadium, Al-Talaba defeated Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya after extra time.


1992 Iraqi Elite Cup, Background
After the Iraq Football Association adopted the Iraqi Elite Cup, they held a meeting on 16 June 1992 to start the second edition of the competition which was decided to be from 2–17 July 1992 with the participation of the top eight teams from the 1991–92 Iraqi National League, instead of the top six, which included Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Zawraa, Al-Karkh, Al-Talaba, Al-Shorta, Al-Najaf, Al-Tayaran (now known as Al-Khutoot) and Al-Naft. The FA set the matches to be played at Al-Shaab Stadium, Al-Kashafa Stadium and Al-Shorta Stadium.


1992 Ireland rugby union tour of New Zealand
1992 Ireland rugby union tour of New Zealand. The Ireland national rugby union team embarked on their second tour of New Zealand, having previously visited in 1976. The tour party included father and son – tour manager Noel Murphy and his son Kenny Murphy. In 1993 Mick Galwey, Vince Cunningham, Richard Wallace and Nick Popplewell all returned to New Zealand with the British and Irish Lions.


1992 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1992 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 26 September 1992.


1992 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Manx Treasure won £50,000 and was trained by Michael O'Sullivan and owned and bred by John Guildford in the Isle of Man. The race was sponsored by the Kerry Group's dog food product 'Respond' who had increased the winner's prize by an extra £20,000.


1992 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Manx Treasure, a brindle dog, had a toe amputated in January 1992 before he had even competed in a single race. When he made his comeback in June he progressed well before suffering a stress fracture on his hock curtailing his recovery. With the Respond Irish Derby fast approaching the dog recovered well and took his place in the qualifying round.


1992 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the first round Manx Treasure was bumped running from a bad draw and finished last but four days later he won by ten lengths in 30.67 in the repechage round. He followed this up with a five length victory in round one recording 30.43. The 1992 English Greyhound Derby champion and double Easter Cup champion Farloe Melody remained hot favourite despite a qualifying round defeat. He then eased to two victories in the first two rounds. Other notable performances in the earlier rounds included Polnoon Chief and Market Rascal.


1992 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The quick runs for Manx Treasure were proving difficult for his connections to manage the stress on the hock and he required veterinary attention after each run to ensure that he was fully fit to compete. A second round win in 30.65 put him into the quarter finals. In the quarter finals Manx Treasure suffered a short head defeat to Superfine Darkie while the other heats went to Market Rascal, Polnoon Chief and a dead-heat between Parquet Pet and Ballymoss Clover.


1992 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Manx Treasure produced a fast run to win by five lengths in 30.23 from Radical Prince and Ballymoss Clover in the semi finals, the fastest in the competition so far. The second semi was taken by Sliding Away ahead off Superfine Darkie and the hampered Farloe Melody.


1992 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In just his eleventh career race on 26 September Manx Treasure was first out of the traps and saw off the challenge of Farloe Melody at the third bend and then held off a late finish from Radical Prince. Farloe Melody were retired to stud after the race.


1992 Irish Masters
The 1992 Irish Masters was the eighteenth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament. It took place from 31 March to 5 April 1992 at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured twelve professional players.


1992 Irish Masters
Stephen Hendry won the title for the first time, beating Ken Doherty 9–6 in the final.


1992 Irish Professional Championship
The 1992 Murphys Irish Professional Championship was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place in May 1992 at Jury's Hotel in Cork, Republic of Ireland.


1992 Irish Professional Championship
Joe Swail won the title by beating Jason Prince 9–1 in the final.


1992 Irish general election
The 1992 Irish general election was held on Wednesday, 25 November, almost three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on 5 November. The newly elected 166 members of the 27th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on 14 December 1992, but a new Taoiseach was not elected. A new Fianna Fáil-Labour Party coalition government was not appointed until 12 January 1993 after Albert Reynolds was re-elected Taoiseach.


1992 Irish general election
The general election took place in 41 parliamentary constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann.


1992 Irish general election, Campaign
The general election of 1992 was precipitated by the collapse of the Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats coalition government. Allegations of dishonesty at the Beef Tribunal forced Desmond O'Malley and his party to part ways with Albert Reynolds's Fianna Fáil. Both Albert Reynolds and John Bruton of Fine Gael were fighting their first general election as leader of their respective parties. For Reynolds it would be his only election as leader. The campaign went very poorly for Fianna Fáil with Reynolds's support dropping by 20%.


1992 Irish general election, Campaign
Among the left, the Labour Party had increased their support in the local elections the previous year and many were predicting major gains for the party in the Dáil. The Workers' Party of Ireland had split at a special convention that year over a motion to re-constitute the party, similar to the move made the same year by the Italian Communist Party, and sever all links with the Official IRA. Six out of their seven TD's and a majority of their councillors left the party when the motion failed to be passed and hastily formed Democratic Left to contest the election.


1992 Irish general election, Campaign
Many political pundits had predicted that Fianna Fáil would not be re-elected and that a "Rainbow Coalition" involving Fine Gael, the Labour Party and possibly Democratic Left would be formed. John Bruton, the leader of Fine Gael, had problems of his own. Opinion polls showed that if a "Rainbow Coalition" came to power, Dick Spring of the Labour Party was seen as a better potential Taoiseach than Bruton. The possibility of a rotating Taoiseach was also hinted at in the media.


1992 Irish general election, Campaign
The big winner of the campaign was Dick Spring and the Labour Party. They distanced themselves completely from Fine Gael and fought an independent line. During the campaign Spring made very little comment about what the party would do after the election, however, he did say that if the Labour Party was part of a coalition he would have to be granted a turn as Taoiseach.


1992 Irish general election, Campaign
The election also saw Moosajee Bhamjee (Labour Party) become the first Muslim Teachta Dála (TD).


1992 Irish general election, Results
In 1989 the Democratic Socialist Party won 0.6% of the vote and 1 seat; the party merged with the Labour Party in 1990. Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (5,248 votes, 1 seat).


1992 Irish general election, Results
†In early 1992, 6 Workers' Party TDs left the party and founded Democratic Left (DL).


1992 Irish general election, Results
When the votes were counted the picture was clear. Fianna Fáil had its worst performance since 1927, winning less than 40% of the vote. Fine Gael, in spite of predictions of success, actually lost 10 seats. The Labour Party recorded its best ever result, an event dubbed the "Spring Tide" and more than doubled its number of seats. Talks between Fine Gael and Labour on establishing a minority government floundered after several weeks, partly over the issue of the 'revolving Taoiseach'. Spring had to enter into coalition with Fianna Fáil, or force another election.


1992 Irish general election, Results
The coalition deal proved very unpopular with many of Labour's supporters, because Dick Spring had campaigned heavily against Fianna Fáil and particularly Albert Reynolds. As a result of the coalition, Albert Reynolds was elected Taoiseach with over 100 votes, the biggest majority by any Taoiseach in Irish political history until 2011.


1992 Irish general election, Results
Following a number of scandals in 1994, particularly over the beef industry, the Labour Party left the coalition and, after negotiations, formed the "Rainbow Coalition" with Fine Gael and Democratic Left on 15 December 1994, as three by-election gains had by then made a Fine Gael-Labour-Democratic Left majority government possible. This was the first and to date, only occasion in Irish political history that a party had left a governing coalition and gone into government with opposition parties without first holding an election.


1992 Irish general election, Dáil membership changes
The following changes took place as a result of the election:


1992 Irish general election, Dáil membership changes
Outgoing TDs are listed in the constituency they contested in the election. For some, such as John Stafford, this differs from the constituency they represented in the outgoing Dáil. Where more than one change took place in a constituency the concept of successor is an approximation for presentation only.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election
The 1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election was held on 20 February 1992 to elect the leader of the Israeli Labor Party. The winner was Yitzhak Rabin, who defeated Shimon Peres, as well as Yisrael Kessar and Ora Namir.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Background
The election was the first time that the Israeli Labour Party had elected its leader by a vote open to its entire party membership. It was the first party leadership vote of its kind in Israeli history.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Background
Shimon Peres had served as the party's leader since 1977.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Campaign
The race was widely a horserace between Rabin and Peres.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Campaign
Ahead of the leadership election, polling for the upcoming 1992 Israeli legislative election indicated that the party would fare better in the legislative election under the leadership of Rabin than it would under Peres. Israeli political commentators also widely believed that the party would have a stronger odds of electoral success under Rabin than under Peres.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Campaign
While polling, before the leadership election, had a Likud-led coalition as the likely outcome of the legislative election, polling and the opinions of commentators indicated that, if were Rabin were to become the Labour leader, there would be a strong increase in the chances of Labour taking lead in the legislative election.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Campaign
Polls showed the leadership election to be very close, with no clear front-runner between Rabin and Peres.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Result
108,347	party members participated in the vote, equal to 70.10% of the party's roughly 150,000 members.


1992 Israeli Labor Party leadership election, Result
If no candidate had received at least 40% of the vote, a runoff election would have been held. Rabin placed first, and managed to narrowly surpass the 40% threshold, thereby winning the leadership election outright in the initial round.


1992 Israeli legislative election
Elections for the 13th Knesset were held in Israel on 23 June 1992. The election resulted in the formation of a Labor government, led by Yitzhak Rabin, helped by the failure of several small right wing parties to pass the electoral threshold. Voter turnout was 77.4%.


1992 Israeli legislative election, Parliament factions
The table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 12th Knesset.


1992 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
Labour's Yitzhak Rabin formed the twenty-fifth government on 13 July 1992, including Meretz and Shas in his coalition, which had 17 ministers. Hadash and the Arab Democratic Party also supported the government despite not being coalition members. Shas left the coalition in September 1993, and Yiud joined in January 1995.


1992 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
Rabin's government advanced the peace process to unprecedented levels; the Oslo Accords were signed with Yasser Arafat's PLO in 1993 and the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994. The government's willingness to make peace with Syria and concede the Golan Heights led to Avigdor Kahalani and Emanuel Zisman leaving the party to form the Third Way.


1992 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
After Rabin's assassination on 4 November 1995, Shimon Peres took over as Prime Minister and formed a new government on 22 November 1995. His coalition was the same as before; Labor, Meretz and Yiud. Peres called early elections in 1996 in order to seek a mandate to continue the peace process, in which he lost.


1992 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
The Knesset term saw several defections; two MKs left the Labor Party to establish the Third Way, whilst Nava Arad also left the party. Two MKs left Likud to establish Gesher, whilst Efraim Gur also left the party. Three MKs left Tzomet to establish Yiud; one MK then left Yiud to establish Atid. Yosef Azran left Shas. One MK left Moldet to establish Yamin Yisrael, whilst Yosef Ba-Gad also left the party. United Torah Judaism split into Agudat Yisrael (two seats) and Degel HaTorah (two seats).


1992 Italian Grand Prix
The 1992 Italian Grand Prix (formally the Pioneer 63o Gran Premio d'Italia) was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 13 September 1992. It was the thirteenth race of the 1992 Formula One World Championship.


1992 Italian Grand Prix
The 53-lap race was won by Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren-Honda, after he started from second position. It was Senna's third victory of the season. Martin Brundle finished second in a Benetton-Ford, with teammate Michael Schumacher third.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Pre-race
As at the last Grand Prix in Belgium, there was no pre-qualifying session as entrants dropped out. The Brabham team had not returned after missing the last race, and Andrea Moda had been excluded from Formula One by FISA for "conduct prejudicial to the sport" after a succession of chaotic events throughout the season so far. The team arrived at Monza but were refused entry. This left 28 cars in the qualifying sessions.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Pre-race
Nigel Mansell announced his retirement from Formula One on the morning of the race, as rumours circulated that Williams had already signed Alain Prost for the next season, as well as attempting to sign Ayrton Senna. Angered and hurt by this, Mansell decided to announce his retirement despite being told minutes before the press conference that he would be able to partner Prost. Prost and Mansell had had a fiery partnership at Ferrari in the 1990 season.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Nigel Mansell took his eleventh pole position of the season in his Williams-Renault, with Ayrton Senna alongside him on the front row in his McLaren-Honda. On Ferrari's home soil, Jean Alesi took third, ahead of Riccardo Patrese in the second Williams. Gerhard Berger was fifth in the second McLaren, with Michael Schumacher sixth in the Benetton. The top ten was completed by Ivan Capelli in the second Ferrari, Thierry Boutsen in the Ligier, Martin Brundle in the second Benetton and Bertrand Gachot for Larrousse.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
The two non-qualifiers were Christian Fittipaldi of Minardi, and Jordan driver Stefano Modena.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Berger had an electrical problem on the grid, and was forced to start the race from the pit lane in the spare car.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
At the start Mansell took the lead ahead of Senna who just managed to stay ahead of Alesi then Patrese and Capelli. Schumacher had a poor start selecting a wrong gear and then hit a Ligier from behind at the first chicane. He had to pit to replace the nose and front wing at the end of the first lap. Patrese managed to overtake Alesi at the start of lap 2. The opening laps saw both Berger and Schumacher recovering many positions from the back of the field and overtaking a number of slower cars.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
At the front Mansell opened a gap with Senna unable to match his pace. The positions were Mansell, Senna with Patrese closing down on him and then the two Ferraris of Alesi and Capelli. Next Martin Brundle managed to overtake Capelli and moved into 5th position. Lap 12 proved disastrous for the Ferrari team with both cars retiring, Alesi, who was in fourth, due to a mechanical problem and Capelli spinning off at the Parabolica with electronic problems. On lap 14 Patrese overtook Senna and moved into second. Meanwhile, Berger pitted for new tyres and dropped back again. On lap 17 the order was Mansell in first, ten seconds in front of Patrese, with Senna two seconds further behind. Fourth was Brundle, some 28 seconds behind Mansell and then Boutsen and Herbert over 40 seconds behind Mansell. On lap 18, Herbert retired from sixth with an engine issue.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
On lap 20 Patrese suddenly appeared in the lead as Mansell let his team-mate pass. The order was Patrese followed closely by Mansell and Senna in third. Schumacher overtook Boutsen and moved into fifth place. Positions at lap 27 were: Patrese, Mansell, Senna, Brundle, Schumacher and Boutsen.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
As the lead trio lapped the slower cars of Berger and Comas, Mansell continued to stay very close to Patrese and Senna tried his best not to lose contact with the two Williams cars; in fact he closed up on Mansell momentarily when the Williams had to take evasive action passing Comas at the Roggia. On lap 41 Mansell slowed through the Ascari bends and coasted into the pits with gearbox failure from loss of hydraulic pressure and had to retire. Classification at lap 44 was: Patrese, Senna, Brundle, Schumacher, then Berger and de Cesaris both a lap down.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Patrese led comfortably until six laps from the end he suffered a hydraulic problem, forcing him to slow down and concede the lead to Ayrton Senna. In the closing stages of the race Senna allowed his teammate Berger to unlap himself. Patrese limped to the end of the race and finished fifth.


1992 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Senna won the race in what proved to be his last win with a Honda-powered car. The other places on the podium went to the two Benettons of Brundle and Schumacher.


1992 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1992 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 49th edition of the Italian Open, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1992 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 1992 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The women's tournament was played from 4 May until 10 May 1992, and the men's tournament was played from 11 May until 18 May 1992.


1992 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Jakob Hlasek /  Marc Rosset defeated  Wayne Ferreira /  Mark Kratzmann  6–4, 3–6, 6–1


1992 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Monica Seles /  Helena Suková defeated  Katerina Maleeva /  Barbara Rittner 6–1, 6–2


1992 Italian Open – Men's Singles
Emilio Sánchez was the defending champion, but lost in the third round this year.


1992 Italian Open – Men's Singles
Jim Courier won the title, defeating Carlos Costa 7–6(7–3), 6–0, 6–4 in the final.


1992 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
Lombardy elected its eleventh delegation to the Italian Senate on April 5, 1992. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1992 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.


1992 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. Seven Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party, while the Swiss-bordering Province of Varese and Province of Como preferred the federalist Northern League.


1992 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background
After quite five decades of exceptional political stability, the election of 1992 marked a revolution. Umberto Bossi's Northern League, acting as a catch-all party, took votes from all other parties on a base of tax protest and a federalist project. Christian Democracy lost more than in the previous 30 years, the former Communists, now divided between the Democratic Party of the Left and the Communist Refoundation Party, more than ever, as well as all the other parties.


1992 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Electoral system
The electoral system for the Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.


1992 Italian Superturismo Championship
The 1992 Italian Superturismo Championship is the sixth edition of the Italian Superturismo Championship. The season began in Monza on 21 March and finished on the same racetrack on 18 October, after ten rounds. Nicola Larini won the S1 Class (Group A cars), driving an Alfa Romeo 155 GTA, while Fabrizio Giovanardi won the S2 Class (Super Touring cars).


1992 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 5 and 6 April 1992 to select the Eleventh Republican Parliament. They were the first without the traditionally second most important political force in Italian politics, the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which had been disbanded in 1991. Most of its members split between the more democratic-socialist oriented Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), while a minority who did not want to renounce the communist tradition became the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC). However, between them they gained around 4% less than what the already declining PCI had obtained in the 1987 Italian general election, despite PRC absorbing the disbanded Proletarian Democracy (DP).


1992 Italian general election
The other major feature was the sudden rise of the federalist Northern League, which increased its vote from 0.5% of the preceding elections to more than 8%, increasing from a single member both in the Chamber and the Senate to 55 and 25, respectively. The long wave ("onda lunga") of Bettino Craxi's now centrist-oriented Italian Socialist Party, which in the past elections had been forecast next to overcome PCI, seemed to stop. Christian Democracy and the other traditional government parties, with the exception of the Republicans and the Liberals, also experienced a slight decrease in their vote.


1992 Italian general election, Electoral system
The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. The remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.


1992 Italian general election, Electoral system
For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had risen to 315 members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected, a goal which could be reached only by the German minorities in South Tirol. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected.


1992 Italian general election, Historical background
In 1991 the Italian Communist Party split into the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), led by Achille Occhetto, and the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), headed by Armando Cossutta. Occhetto, leader of the PCI since 1988, stunned the party faithfully assembled in a working-class section of Bologna with a speech heralding the end of communism, a move now referred to in Italian politics as the svolta della Bolognina (Bolognina turning point).


1992 Italian general election, Historical background
The collapse of the communist governments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe had convinced Occhetto that the era of Eurocommunism was over, and he transformed the PCI into a progressive left-wing party, the PDS. A third of the PCI's former members, led by Cossutta, refused to join the PDS, and instead founded the Communist Refoundation Party.


1992 Italian general election, Historical background
On 17 February 1992, judge Antonio Di Pietro had Mario Chiesa, a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), arrested for accepting a bribe from a Milan cleaning firm. The Italian Socialist Party distanced themselves from Chiesa. Bettino Craxi called Mario Chiesa mariuolo, or "villain", a "wild splinter" of the otherwise clean PSI. Upset over this treatment by his former colleagues, Chiesa began to give information about corruption implicating his colleagues. This marked the beginning of the Mani pulite investigation; news of political corruption began spreading in the press.


1992 Italian general election, Historical background
In February 1991, the Northern League, which was first launched as an upgrade of the Northern Alliance in December 1989, was officially transformed into a party through the merger of various regional parties, notably including Lombard League and Venetian League, under the leadership of Umberto Bossi. These continue to exist as "national sections" of the federal party, which presents itself in regional and local contests as "Northern League–Lombard League", "Northern League–Venetian League", "Northern League Piedmont", and so on.


1992 Italian general election, Historical background
The League exploited resentment against Rome's centralism (with the famous slogan Roma ladrona, which loosely means "Rome big thief") and the Italian government, common in northern Italy as many northerners felt that the government wasted resources collected mostly from northerners' taxes. Cultural influences from bordering countries in the North and resentment against illegal immigrants were also exploited. The party's electoral successes began roughly at a time when public disillusionment with the established political parties was at its height. The Tangentopoli corruption scandals, which invested most of the established parties, were unveiled from 1992 on. However, contrarily to what many pundits observed at the beginning of the 1990s, LN became a stable political force and it is by far the oldest party among those represented in the Italian Parliament.


1992 Italian general election, Historical background
The Northern League's first electoral breakthrough was at the 1990 regional elections, but it was with the 1992 general election that the party emerged as a leading political actor. Having gained 8.7% of the vote, 56 deputies and 26 senators, it became the fourth largest party of the country and within Parliament.


1992 Italian general election, Results
Christian Democracy (DC) suffered a significant swing against it, but the coalition it had led prior to the elections managed to retain a small majority. Opposition parties won a significant amount of support. However, the largest opposition party, the Italian Communist Party, had suffered an internal crisis after the fall of the Soviet Union, with the bulk of the party reforming into the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and a minority forming the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC). Collectively, they suffered a 4% swing against them, with the PDS losing a third of its seats compared to 1987. As such, the opposition was divided. The biggest winner of the election was the Northern League, which was not inclined to alliances at the time due to its separatist leanings.


1992 Italian general election, Results
The resulting parliament was therefore weak and difficult to bring to an agreement, and lasted only two years before new elections were held in 1994. This was accelerated by the mani pulite scandal, which began shortly before the election and expanded in scope throughout 1992 and 1993. The scandal implicated vast sections of almost every major political party in Italy in extensive corruption. This had catastrophic consequences for the political landscape as the governing parties became extremely unpopular.


1992 Italian general election, Results
The 1992-1994 parliamentary term also saw the first major change to the Italian electoral system since the late 1940s, with a 1993 referendum abolishing the clause of the electoral law which required candidates to win two-thirds of votes to be elected in the Senate's single-member districts. This essentially transformed the Senate electoral law from de facto pure proportional representation to a majoritarian additional member system. Parliament subsequently passed a new electoral law establishing a similar system for the Chamber of Deputies.


1992 Italian general election in Sardinia
The Italian general election of 1992 took place on 5 April 1992.


1992 Italian general election in Sardinia
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party in Sardinia, largely ahead of the Italian Socialist Party and the Democratic Party of the Left.


1992 Italian general election in Veneto
The Italian general election of 1992 took place on 5–6 March 1992.


1992 Italian general election in Veneto
The election was a realigning one in Italy, due to the rise of Lega Nord, a federation of northern regionalist parties of which LV was a founding member. The realignment was especially visible in Veneto, where DC, though still being the largest party, lost almost a third of its voters between 1987 and 1992, stopping at 31.5%. LV gained ground in the Pedemontana, that is to say the provinces at the feet of the mountains, most of which had long been Christian Democratic heartlands: 21.5% in the province of Treviso, 20.6% in Verona and 19.5% in Vicenza.


1992 Italian general election in Veneto
In Belluno LV became the largest party with 27.8%, by reducing the vote of DC and halving that of the PSI. The total score of Venetist parties was 31.8% in Vicenza, 29.3% in Treviso, 27.2% in Verona and 22.9% in Padua. The PDS got just 9.9% regionally, fairly less than the PCI in 1990.


1992 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1992 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth race of the 1992 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 22–24 May 1992 at the Mugello Circuit.


1992 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Wayne Gardner, back from injuries, crashed in practice and missed the race. Mick Doohan got the lead at the start and it became a 3-man battle between him, Kevin Schwantz and Wayne Rainey. Rainey crashed out; Doohan, got dropped by Schwantz, almost crashed too.


1992 Italian presidential election
The Italian presidential election of 1992 was held in Italy from 13–25 May 1992, following the resignation of incumbent President Francesco Cossiga on 28 April 1992.


1992 Italian presidential election
Only members of Parliament and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the 1992 general election and in the 1990 regional elections. As head of state of the Italian Republic, the President has a role of representation of national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Italian Constitution, in the framework of a parliamentary system.


1992 Italian presidential election, Procedure
In accordance to the Italian Constitution, the election was held in the form of a secret ballot, with the Senators and the Deputies entitled to vote. The election was held in the Palazzo Montecitorio, home of the Chamber of Deputies, with the capacity of the building expanded for the purpose. The first three ballots required a two-thirds majority of the 1,014 voters in order to elect a president, or 676 votes. Starting from the fourth ballot, an absolute majority was required for candidates to be elected, or 508 votes. The presidential mandate lasts seven years.


1992 Italian presidential election, Procedure
The election was presided over by the President of the Chamber of Deputies Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, who proceeded to the public counting of the votes (with the exception of the last ballot when the count was made by the Vice president Stefano Rodotà), and by the Vice president of the Senate Luigi Granelli, since President Giovanni Spadolini was serving as acting President of the Republic.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
On 28 April 1992 President Francesco Cossiga resigned two months before the end of his term. The reason of his resignation was related to a growing tension between Cossiga and Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti. This tension emerged in October 1990 when Andreotti revealed the existence of Gladio, a stay-behind organization with the official aim of countering a possible Soviet invasion through sabotage and guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. Cossiga acknowledged his involvement in the establishment of the organization.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
Subsequently in 1991 the Democratic Party of the Left asked to start a procedure of impeachment against him (Presidents of Italy can be impeached only for high treason against the State or for an attempt to overthrow the Constitution). Although he threatened to prevent the impeachment procedure by dissolving Parliament, the impeachment request was ultimately dismissed.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
At the beginning of the 1990s, Italian politics was undergoing a period of instability and growing tensions. In February 1991, the Northern League, which was first launched as an upgrade of the Northern Alliance in December 1989, was officially transformed into a party through the merger of various regional parties, notably including Lombard League and Venetian League, under the leadership of Umberto Bossi. These continue to exist as "national sections" of the federal party, which presents itself in regional and local contests as "Northern League–Lombard League", "Northern League–Venetian League", "Northern League Piedmont", and so on.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
The League exploited resentment against the centralised, Rome-based Italian government (with the famous slogan Roma ladrona, "Rome (is a ) robber"), common in the North as many there felt that the government wasted resources collected mostly from northerners' taxes. Cultural influences from bordering countries in the North and resentment against illegal immigrants were also exploited. The party's electoral successes began roughly at a time when public disillusionment with the established political parties was at its height. The Tangentopoli corruption scandals, which invested most of the established parties, were unveiled from 1992 on.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
However, contrarily to what many pundits observed at the beginning of the 1990s, LN became a stable political force and it is by far the oldest party among those represented in the Italian Parliament. The Northern League's first electoral breakthrough was at the 1990 regional elections, but it was with the 1992 general election that the party emerged as a leading political actor. Having gained 8.7% of the vote, 56 deputies and 26 senators, it became the fourth largest party of the country and within Parliament.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
In 1991 the Italian Communist Party split into the Democratic Party of the Left, led by Achille Occhetto, and the Communist Refoundation Party, headed by Armando Cossutta. Occhetto, leader of the communists since 1988, stunned the party faithfully assembled in a working-class section of Bologna with a speech heralding the end of communism, a move now referred to in Italian politics as the svolta della Bolognina (Bolognina turning point).


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
The collapse of the communist governments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe had convinced Occhetto that the era of Eurocommunism was over, and he transformed the Communist Party into a progressive left-wing party, the Democratic Party of the Left. A third of the Communist Party's former members, led by Cossutta, refused to join the PDS, and instead founded the Communist Refoundation Party.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
On 17 February 1992, judge Antonio Di Pietro had Mario Chiesa, a member of the Italian Socialist Party, arrested for accepting a bribe from a Milan cleaning firm. The Italian Socialist Party distanced themselves from Chiesa. Bettino Craxi called Mario Chiesa mariuolo, or "villain", a "wild splinter" of the otherwise clean PSI. Upset over this treatment by his former colleagues, Chiesa began to give information about corruption implicating his colleagues. This marked the beginning of the Mani pulite investigation; news of political corruption began spreading in the press.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
The 1992 general election, held on 5 April that year, marked a huge earthquake for the Italian politics. Christian Democracy suffered a significant swing against it, but the coalition it had led prior to the elections managed to retain a small majority. Opposition parties won a significant amount of support. The resulting parliament was therefore weak and difficult to bring to an agreement.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
The so called "CAF" alliance (the Craxi-Andreotti-Forlani axis), a pact to revive the Pentapartito coalition - the scheme was conceived in 1991 to allow Giulio Andreotti to become the next President of the Italian Republic and Bettino Craxi to become the next Prime Minister - had been heavily crushed by the popular vote.


1992 Italian presidential election, Chronology
In this context, the Italian Parliament convened to elect the new President on 13 May 1992. As the count progressed no candidate was able to emerge, not even Giulio Andreotti whose candidacy was soon made to sink, and the voting process ended up in a real political deadlock. While the count was still ongoing, on 23 May 1992 the popular anti-Mafia magistrate Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three police escort agents were killed by a bomb put on the Highway A29 by the Sicilian mafia near Capaci.