1992 United States presidential election in Connecticut
As of 2020, this was the most recent presidential election in which the Republican nominee carried the city of Danbury and the towns of Fairfield, Milford, North Canaan, Old Saybrook, Pomfret, Stratford, and Weston.


1992 United States presidential election in Delaware
The 1992 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Delaware
Delaware was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 43.52%% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 35.33%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 20.45% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. Clinton comfortably won Delaware by a margin of 8.19%. This was the last election where Delaware was a swing state, with the margin within 3% of the national vote. In 1996, the state would shift to the left, becoming a Democratic stronghold.


1992 United States presidential election in Delaware
As of 2021, this is the only election since 1948 in which Kent County did not support the overall winner.


1992 United States presidential election in Florida
Florida held an election for president of the United States on November 3, 1992. The race was extremely close – so close in fact that some news networks mistakenly reported that Democratic challenger Bill Clinton had won in the state, although incumbent President George H. W. Bush was eventually declared the winner. Bush received 40.89% of the vote to Clinton's 39.00%.


1992 United States presidential election in Florida
Bush won by about 100,000 votes, marking the first time Florida had backed the losing candidate since 1960, when it voted for Richard Nixon over John F. Kennedy. This was also the last time until the 2020 election that Florida would back the loser of the presidential election as well only the second time since 1924.


1992 United States presidential election in Florida
Despite Bush's narrow victory, this election marked the start of Florida's transition from a strong GOP-leaning state into a closely divided swing state for future presidential elections; just four years earlier Bush had carried Florida by 22 points, making it his second-best state in the South. This is also the only election since 1944 that Florida did not vote the same way as Ohio, a state with a similar voting history.


1992 United States presidential election in Florida
Clinton flipped the heavily populated South Florida counties of Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade, which had all voted for Bush in 1988, into the Democratic column, and they have remained reliable Democratic bastions in the state ever since, buoying Democratic base support in the state. Clinton's victory in Palm Beach County was noteworthy in as much as that county had not previously backed a Democratic presidential nominee since Florida's "Solid South" days when Franklin D. Roosevelt swept all sixty-seven counties in 1944. This was the last time St. Lucie County voted for a Republican presidential candidate until 2016.


1992 United States presidential election in Georgia
The 1992 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 3, 1992, and was part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Georgia
Georgia was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-AR). The presidential contest in the Peach State was the closest of any state that year with Clinton winning 43.47% to 42.88% over Incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R) by a razor thin margin of 0.59%. This made it the first time that Georgia had voted Democratic since 1980, when it voted for Jimmy Carter, who was the former Governor. The state remained Republican from this election until the 2020 presidential election.


1992 United States presidential election in Georgia
From the mid-1960s into the 1990s, Georgia was a swing state in presidential elections, but also a state in which Democrats generally dominated congressional and state and local elections. Billionaire Businessman Ross Perot (I-TX) finished in third, with a significant 13.34% of the popular vote in the Peach state. This is the last time that Democrats would carry Pickens, Franklin, Lumpkin, Morgan, Lincoln, Brantley, Bacon, Worth, Bleckley, Monroe, Jeff Davis, Jones, Candler, Haralson, and Laurens counties. Ware County was tied, making this the last time it did not vote Republican, and the last time any county in the United States was tied between the Democratic and Republican parties.


1992 United States presidential election in Georgia
However, despite Clinton's victory in the Peach state, Republicans made significant gains during the coinciding congressional elections with former state Senator and Peace Corps Director Paul Coverdell's (R) victory over Incumbent U.S. Senator Wyche Fowler (D) in the Senate election runoff and gaining three of Georgia's U.S. House seats. Georgia would not vote for a Democratic presidential candidate again until 2020.


1992 United States presidential election in Georgia
Georgia weighed in for this election as 5 points more Republican than the national average.


1992 United States presidential election in Hawaii
The 1992 United States presidential election in Hawaii took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Hawaii
Hawaii was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 48.09% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 36.70%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 14.22% of the popular vote, which was nonetheless Perot’s poorest showing outside the District of Columbia and antebellum slave states. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. Clinton comfortably won Hawaii by a margin of 11.39%. It has only voted Republican twice since its statehood, in the 49-state Republican landslides of 1972 and 1984. From 1988 forward it has consistently voted Democrat by comfortable margins.


1992 United States presidential election in Idaho
The 1992 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Idaho
Idaho was won by incumbent President George H.W. Bush (R-Texas) with 42.03% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 28.42%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in a close third, with 27.05% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Bonner County, Clearwater County, Lewis County, and Benewah County, Idaho gave a plurality to a Democratic presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Idaho
With 27.05 percent of the popular vote, Idaho would prove to be Perot's fourth strongest state after Maine, Alaska and Utah. This election is the second of only two elections since Idaho's statehood in which it did not vote the same as neighboring Montana, the other being its first election 100 years prior.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1992 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 22 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois
Illinois was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 48.58% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 34.34%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 16.64% of the popular vote. In 1988, Dukakis also received 48.6% of the vote.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois
Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. Clinton became the first Democrat to win Illinois on a presidential level since 1964 and notably won seven of 21 Illinois counties that had backed Barry Goldwater in that election. He remains the only Democrat to win Johnson County and Pope County — Southern and anti-Yankee in culture but converted to Unionism by war — since Stephen A. Douglas in 1860. In Northern Illinois Clinton became the first Democrat to ever win Whiteside County which had voted in Presidential elections since 1840, the first to win DeKalb County since Franklin Pierce in 1852, and the first to win Bureau, McDonough and Warren Counties since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois
This represented a realigning election for Illinois in regards to presidential politics. The first time that Illinois voted for the Democratic ticket in a presidential election since 1964, this ended a streak of six consecutive elections in which the state had voted for the Republican ticket. It also began a streak that, as of the 2020 election, continues, in which the state has voted for the Democratic ticket in seven consecutive presidential elections.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is also the last election in which the following counties voted for a Democratic presidential candidate: Brown, Clark, Crawford, Cumberland, Douglas, Edgar, Jasper, Monroe, Richland, and Tazewell.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information
The primaries and general elections coincided with those for other federal elections (Senate and House), as well as those for state offices.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout
For the state-run primaries (Democratic and Republican), turnout was 39.82%, with 2,335,270 votes cast. For the general election, turnout was 76.51%, with 5,050,157 votes cast.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries
State-run primaries were held for the Democratic, Republican, parties on March 17.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic
The 1992 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on March 17, 1992 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1992 presidential election.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican
The 1992 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on March 17, 1992 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1992 presidential election.


1992 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican
Incumbent president George H. W. Bush won the primary by a large margin.


1992 United States presidential election in Indiana
The 1992 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 3, 1992, and was part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Indiana
Indiana was won by President George H. W. Bush (R-TX) and his running mate Vice President and former Indiana Senator Dan Quayle. The presidential contest in Indiana was not a surprise, with Bush winning 42.91% to 36.79% over Governor Bill Clinton (D). Still, the margin of victory was lesser than in earlier elections, whilst Clinton won in every state bordering Indiana. Billionaire businessman Ross Perot (I-TX) finished in third, with a significant 19.77% of the popular vote in Indiana. Indiana would continue to vote Republican in presidential elections until 2008, in which Barack Obama won by a close margin, becoming the first Democrat to carry the state since 1964.


1992 United States presidential election in Indiana
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Greene County, Harrison County, and Washington County voted for the Democratic presidential nominee.


1992 United States presidential election in Iowa
The 1992 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Iowa
Iowa was won by Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas with 43.29% of the popular vote over incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush's 37.27%, a victory margin of 6.01%. Independent businessman Ross Perot finished in third, with 18.71% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot. Iowa was the only state which swung more Republican than it had been in 1988.


1992 United States presidential election in Iowa, Democratic caucuses
In the 1992 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses, most candidates for the Democratic nomination did not campaign in Iowa because of the presence of Tom Harkin, a longtime U.S. Senator representing Iowa.


1992 United States presidential election in Iowa, Democratic caucuses
Harkin was running for president in 1992 as a populist with labor union support who criticized George H.W. Bush for being out of touch with working class Americans. Harkin was an early favorite in a small field of five candidates. Harkin easily won the caucus with 76% of the vote, uncommitted got second place with 11%, Senator Paul Tsongas came in third, with 4%, and Governor Bill Clinton finished fourth, with 2%.


1992 United States presidential election in Iowa, Democratic caucuses
Because the race was not contested, these results had little effect on the remaining primaries, and the New Hampshire primary took on added importance.


1992 United States presidential election in Iowa, Democratic caucuses
Tom Harkin won every county by large margins. The delegate totals reflect their final distribution, not their projected allocation immediately following the caucus.


1992 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1992 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Kansas
Kansas was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 38.88% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 33.74%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 26.99% of the popular vote. Kansas was surprisingly close, likely because Ross Perot split the vote. Had Clinton won in Kansas, it would have been a major upset victory. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Kansas
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Ellis County, Cherokee County, Leavenworth County, Labette County, and Miami County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, as well as the last election in which Wabaunsee County, Anderson County, Jefferson County, and Morris County did not support the Republican candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Kansas
With 26.99% of the popular vote, Kansas would prove to be Perot's fifth strongest state after Maine, Alaska, Utah and Idaho. Perot (despite taking Third place statewide) would defeat Clinton or Bush for second place in 63 of Kansas’s 105 counties and win Anderson County, Jefferson County,  Wabaunsee County and Tie with Bush in Morris County.


1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky
The 1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. As of the result of the 1990 census, Kentucky lost an electoral vote. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky
Kentucky was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 44.55 percent of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 41.34 percent, a margin of 3.21%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 13.66 percent of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky
Kentucky was a formerly Democratic-leaning state prior to 1968, dominated by conservative Democrats who tended to swing towards more conservative candidates nationally and Democrats on a statewide basis. Despite voting Republican in the previous three presidential elections, Kentuckians were encouraged to vote Democratic in 1992 with the nomination of Bill Clinton, a centrist Southern Democrat from a fellow Southern state, Arkansas.


1992 United States presidential election in Kentucky
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which LaRue County, Daviess County, Bullitt County, Barren County, Breckinridge County, Hart County, Spencer County, Mason County, Fleming County, Todd County, Owen County, Metcalfe County, Crittenden County, Bracken County, and Robertson County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Louisiana
The 1992 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Louisiana
Louisiana was won by Governor Bill Clinton, a major swing from the statewide results in 1988 when Republican nominee George H. W. Bush carried the state with 54% of the vote and with a double-digit margin of victory. Clinton won most of the parishes and congressional districts in the state, dominating the rural areas of the state. The only congressional district Bush won was the first district, which includes two of the most heavily Republican parishes in the state, Jefferson and St. Tammany. Independent Ross Perot gathered 11.81% of the vote, a strong showing for a third-party candidate but still his sixth-weakest state. Perot did best in the southwestern Acadian bayou parishes, reaching almost 23 percent in Cameron Parish.


1992 United States presidential election in Maine
The 1992 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Maine
Maine was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 38.77% of the popular vote over businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) with 30.44%. Incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) finished in third, close behind Perot, with 30.39% of the popular vote.


1992 United States presidential election in Maine
Despite the Bush family having ties to Maine, with Bush owning a house in Kennebunkport, Maine, Perot beat Bush for second place in the state by a slim margin of 316 votes, making Maine one of two states where Perot finished better than third place, the other being Utah, though Maine was the only state of the two where Perot won any counties. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot. Perot's 30.44% would prove Maine as his strongest state in the 1992 election.


1992 United States presidential election in Maine
Ross Perot came within 4.55% of winning an electoral vote in Maine’s second congressional district, the closest he came to winning an electoral vote. In Maine's first congressional district, Bush finished in second place, with the 8.11% margin being the closest Bush would come in 1992 to winning an electoral vote in New England after New Hampshire and Connecticut.


1992 United States presidential election in Maine
Clinton was the first Democrat to carry the state of Maine since 1968 when Hubert Humphrey, running with Maine Senator Edmund Muskie as vice-presidential candidate, did so. He was also the first Democrat to win any county in Maine since Jimmy Carter in 1980, the first to win Kennebec County and York County since Carter in 1976, the first to carry the counties of Franklin, Oxford, Penobscot, Sagadahoc and Washington since 1968, and the first to carry Hancock, Knox and Lincoln Counties since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. Maine would not vote Republican again, though Donald Trump would carry a single electoral vote from Maine's 2nd district in 2016 and 2020.


1992 United States presidential election in Maine
As of 2021, this is the last time that a sitting president finished third in a state or that a non-major party candidate would come in second or better.


1992 United States presidential election in Maryland
The 1992 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 10 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Maryland
Maryland was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 49.80% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 35.62%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 14.18% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in Maryland
Although Clinton won only five of Maryland's 24 counties, among the counties he won were the four most populous ones as well as the sixth most populous county, resulting in the Democratic candidate winning by a relatively large plurality. Maryland was of only three states, along with Washington DC, where if Bush’s and Perot’s vote had been combined, Clinton would still come out on top (albeit by an extremely slim margin of 63 votes). The other two states are New York and Arkansas.


1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
The 1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts was won by Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas with 47.54% of the popular vote over incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush of Texas with 29.03%. Independent businessman Ross Perot of Texas finished in third, with 22.80% of the popular vote. Clinton thus defeated Bush in the state with a margin of 18.52%.


1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Massachusetts weighed in as a solid 13% more Democratic than the national average in 1992.


1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Bush failed to carry a single county in the state, and his 29.03% of the vote was the smallest vote share a Republican presidential candidate had received in Massachusetts since 1964.


1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
Clinton's decisive win in Massachusetts solidified the state's status in the modern era as a solid blue state. Massachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928, and a Democratic stronghold since 1960. In 1972, Massachusetts was the only state in the nation to vote for Democrat George McGovern over Republican Richard Nixon in his 49-state landslide. However the state had trended Republican in the 1980s, with Ronald Reagan narrowly winning the state and George H. W. Bush taking a solid 45% and winning 3 counties in 1988.


1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts
In 1992, Clinton not only carried the state by a double-digit margin, leaving Bush with less than 30% of the vote, but Clinton also swept every county in the state, as secular liberal New England rejected an increasingly Southern and conservative Republican Party dominated by Evangelical Christians. Since then, every Democratic presidential candidate that followed has carried the state by double-digit margins and won all 14 counties in Massachusetts.


1992 United States presidential election in Massachusetts, Results
(a) Howard Phillips was the candidate of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party nationally.


1992 United States presidential election in Michigan
The 1992 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Michigan
Michigan was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 43.77% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 36.38%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 19.30% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. This was the first time that a Democratic presidential candidate carried the state since Hubert Humphrey in 1968. It would not vote Republican again until 2016. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time that Oakland County voted for a Republican presidential candidate and the last time that Charlevoix County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota
The 1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota
Minnesota was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 43.48% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) who took 31.85%, a victory margin of 11.63%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 23.96% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in Minnesota
April 7, 1992, saw the first presidential primary in Minnesota since 1956. Clinton won a plurality of votes in the DFL primary and Bush won in the IR election.


1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi
The 1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi
Mississippi was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 49.68% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 40.77%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 8.72% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Mississippi
Percentage-wise, Mississippi was President Bush's strongest state in the 1992 election. It was also Ross Perot's weakest state, and the only one where he failed to win more than 10% of the vote. He only did worse in the District of Columbia. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Hinds County voted for a Republican presidential candidate and the last election in which Tishomingo County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. This is the only state in the 1992 election in which the combined vote totals of Ross Perot and Bill Clinton would be insufficient to defeat Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1992 United States presidential election in Missouri was held on November 3, 1992, as part of the broader 1992 United States presidential election in all fifty states and the District of Columbia. Voters chose 11 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President.


1992 United States presidential election in Missouri
From 1904 to 2004, Missouri voted for the eventual winner of every presidential election except 1956. The state was won in 1992 by Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton (D) with 44.07% of the popular vote, over incumbent President George Herbert Walker Bush (R) with 33.92% of the popular vote--the smallest vote share for a Republican since 1860 when the party was not seriously contesting slave states outside of the Missouri Rhineland. Independent Ross Perot performed extremely well for a third-party candidate with 21.69% of the popular vote – the best third-party performance in Missouri since Constitutional Unionist John Bell in the 1860 election.


1992 United States presidential election in Missouri
Bush’s failure can be seen in Clinton being the solitary Democrat to win staunchly Unionist German “Forty-Eighter” Warren County since Stephen A. Douglas in 1860, and the first Democrat to carry similarly Unionist Ozark Hickory County since that same election, the only Democrat to carry Morgan County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and the first to carry Benton County also since 1932.


1992 United States presidential election in Missouri
As of the 2020 presidential election, this was the last time Dallas County, Howell County, Harrison County, Adair County, Andrew County, Johnson County, Butler County, Atchison County, Phelps County, Platte County, Maries County, Stoddard County, Pulaski County, Dent County, Texas County, and Carter County voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate. It was also the last time the margin of victory for a Democratic candidate for president was in double digits; the last double-digit win for any candidate until 2016; and the last time Missouri voted more Democratic than the nation as a whole, weighing in at about 4% more Democratic.


1992 United States presidential election in Montana
The 1992 United States presidential election in Montana was held on November 3, 1992 as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Montana
Montana was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with a 37.63% plurality of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush's (R-Texas) 35.12%, and businessman Ross Perot's (I-Texas) 26.12%. As of 2020, this is the only time a Democratic presidential nominee has carried the state since 1964, setting it apart from its neighboring states (Wyoming, Idaho, North Dakota, and South Dakota), all of which have maintained their Republican streak since 1964. Similarly, this marks the only time since 1892 that Montana has voted for a different candidate than neighboring Idaho. This was also one of eight states where Perot earned over 25 percent of the vote.


1992 United States presidential election in Montana
Since 1964, Montana has only been competitive in a handful of elections: besides this one, the only elections in which a Democrat came within 5% of carrying the state were in the subsequent election, 1996, and in Barack Obama's first election in 2008. The state was also decided by margins in the high single digits in 1968, 1976, and 1988.


1992 United States presidential election in Montana, Results, By county
Official results by county from the Montana Secretary of State.


1992 United States presidential election in Montana, Results, Analysis
Montana was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 37.63% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 35.12%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 26.12% of the popular vote. It was the first time the state voted for a Democrat since it was won by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. It is also the last time that the state voted Democratic (as of the 2020 presidential election), as well as the last time that Sanders County and Valley County voted Democratic.


1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska
The 1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska
Nebraska was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 46.58% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 29.40%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 23.63% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska
With 46.58% of the popular vote, Nebraska would prove to be Bush's fourth strongest state in the 1992 election after Mississippi, South Carolina and Alabama. It was also Bush's best performance as far as margin of victory, defeating Clinton by 17.18%.


1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska
Despite Perot Finishing third, He was able to handily defeat Clinton for second place in 70 of Nebraska's 93 Counties. Perot also came within 5.8 percent of defeating Clinton for second place.


1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska
This was the first election in which Nebraska split its electoral votes proportionally similar to Maine, although a split in the electoral votes in Nebraska wouldn't happen for the first time until 2008


1992 United States presidential election in Nevada
The 1992 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Nevada
Nevada was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 37.36% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 34.73%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 26.19% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Nevada
Clinton's win, although narrow, would mark the beginning of Nevada's transition from a safe Republican state into a swing state; in all three presidential elections held in the 1980s, Republicans had dominated Nevada by double digit margins and swept every county. Although Clinton carried only two of the state's seventeen counties, his win in Clark County, where Las Vegas is located, and the most populous county in the state, would prove the key to this and future Democratic victories in Nevada.


1992 United States presidential election in Nevada
Clinton's percentage of the vote was the lowest to win a state since Woodrow Wilson carried only 32.08 percent of the vote in Idaho in 1912.


1992 United States presidential election in Nevada
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time a Democratic presidential candidate carried White Pine County in a presidential election, and the last one where a third-party candidate carried any Nevada county. In this case, Ross Perot carried Storey County.


1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
The 1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
New Hampshire was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 38.91% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 37.69%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 22.59% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. This was the best result the New England-born Bush would record in that region for the 1992 election.


1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire
Clinton's win marked the beginning of a dramatic shift in New Hampshire politics toward the Democratic Party. The state had previously been regarded as a conservative Republican bastion; just four years earlier Bush had carried the state with 62.49% of the vote and had been his second best state in popular vote percentage after Utah. The last time a Democrat had won the state was Lyndon Johnson in 1964. Nevertheless, like the rest of New England, New Hampshire began trending hard toward the left in the 1990s, and since 1992 the state has voted Democratic in every presidential election except 2000.


1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary
The 1992 New Hampshire Democratic primary was won by Paul Tsongas, but is known for the insurgent campaign of Bill Clinton, who managed a surprising second-place finish. It was held February 18, 1992.


1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary
The Iowa caucus, the first contest of the 1992 Democratic primaries, was not contested. Due to the presence of Iowa Senator Tom Harkin in the race, the other candidates did not campaign in Iowa, instead conceding the contest to Harkin, and making the New Hampshire primary even more important.


1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary
On January 19, The Boston Globe published a poll showing Clinton ahead of the field with 29%, Paul Tsongas with 17%, and Bob Kerrey 16%. Following this poll, reports of an extramarital affair between Clinton and Gennifer Flowers surfaced. As Clinton fell far behind former Massachusetts Senator Paul Tsongas in the New Hampshire polls, Clinton and his wife Hillary went on 60 Minutes following the Super Bowl to deny the charges. The Clinton campaign also weathered attacks concerning alleged draft dodging during the Vietnam War and the case of Ricky Ray Rector.


1992 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary
Tsongas won the New Hampshire primary with Clinton finishing within single digits of Tsongas, despite trailing badly in the polls. Since many expected Tsongas to win anyway, as New Hampshire borders his home state of Massachusetts, the media viewed the results as a victory for Clinton. On election night, Clinton labeled himself "The Comeback Kid" and left New Hampshire with an increase in momentum in the remaining primaries, which helped him win the nomination. Clinton became the first president elected despite not winning the New Hampshire primary, a feat since duplicated by George W. Bush in 2000 and Barack Obama in 2008.


1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey
The 1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey
New Jersey was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 42.95% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 40.58%, a 2.37% margin of victory. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 15.61% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey
At the time still considered a Republican-leaning state, Clinton very narrowly won New Jersey over President Bush. Clinton's win marked both the first time a Democrat won New Jersey since Lyndon Johnson's landslide win in 1964 as well as the beginning of a long-term shift in New Jersey's politics toward the Democratic Party. New Jersey has voted Democratic in every presidential election since.


1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey
This was the third time New Jersey voted Democratic since the end of World War II. After this election, despite the very slim margin for this year, the Democrat would always win New Jersey by more than 10 points, except in 2004, when John Kerry's margin was just under 7 points.


1992 United States presidential election in New Jersey
New Jersey weighed in as 2% more Republican than the national average. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Bergen County and Passaic County voted for a Republican presidential candidate, the last time New Jersey voted to the right of the country as a whole, and also the most recent election when the Republican candidate won more counties in the state too.


1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico
The 1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. State voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico
New Mexico was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 45.90 percent of the popular vote over incumbent President George H.W. Bush (R-Texas) with 37.34 percent. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 16.12 percent of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico
As a result of his win, Clinton became the first Democratic presidential candidate since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to win the state. However, this election would mark a major shift in the state's politics, and it would vote Democrat for every election after this except in 2004.


1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico
This was the 20th U.S. Presidential election that New Mexico participated in since 1912.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
The 1992 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 33 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
New York was won by the Democratic candidate, Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas who received 49.73% of the vote over incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who received 33.88%. Independent candidate Ross Perot, a billionaire Texas businessman, finished in third, with 15.75% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national election, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
Clinton's double-digit 15.85% margin of victory would mark the beginning of a dramatic shift toward the Democratic Party in New York, from a Democratic leaning swing state to a solidly blue state that Democrats would carry by landslide margins in every election since. In the preceding 6 elections, the state had gone Republican three times and Democratic 3 times, all but once decided by a single-digit margin. In the 7 elections that have followed 1992, Democratic presidential candidates have received between 58% and 64% of the vote, making it one of the most overwhelmingly Democratic states in the nation, largely as a result of trends that began in 1992.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
Despite Ross Perot’s strong showing as a third-party candidate, taking votes away from the major party nominees statewide and nationally, Clinton increased the total Democratic vote share in the five heavily populated boroughs of New York City to 69% in 1992, compared to the 66% received by Democrat Michael Dukakis in the 1988 election, while Bush fell from 33% in 1988 to only 24% in his re-election bid.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
In addition, Clinton also picked up wins in heavily populated suburban counties around New York City that had long been reliably Republican, namely Westchester County just north of the city, and Nassau County on Long Island, which have remained loyally Democratic in every election that has followed, as well as Rockland County. Bush only carried Suffolk County by 1.5%, down from a landslide 21.8% victory margin in that county in 1988. Republican dominance of the populous suburbs had been crucial to previous Republican victories in the state in order to overcome the massive Democratic advantage in New York City. As the city became even more Democratic while downstate suburban voters defected from the GOP to the Democrats, Republican hopes of competing in New York State would vanish following this election.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
Bush performed more strongly in traditionally Republican upstate New York, where he won most rural counties, although he lost a number of counties he had won in 1988 to Dukakis. Clinton won a handful of rural upstate counties, and more significantly scored strong wins in counties home to the cities of Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, and the college town of Ithaca, all of which have become reliable Democratic bastions in upstate New York.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
New York would be one of only three states, along with Washington DC, where if Bush’s and Perot’s vote had been combined, Clinton would still come out on top. The other two states are Arkansas and Maryland.


1992 United States presidential election in New York
Clinton's victory margin would make New York State about 10% more Democratic than the nation as a whole in the 1992 election. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Clinton County and Columbia County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina
The 1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 3, 1992, and was part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina
North Carolina was very narrowly won by incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush of Texas over his Democratic challenger, Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas. Bush took 43.44% of the vote to Clinton’s 42.65%, a margin of 0.79%. North Carolina was the second-closest state in this election behind neighboring Georgia. This was also the first time since 1956 when North Carolina did not support the winning candidate. It has since gone on to back losing Republicans Bob Dole in 1996, Mitt Romney in 2012, and Donald Trump in 2020.


1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina
Billionaire businessman Ross Perot, running as an Independent, finished in third, with 13.70% of the vote, a relatively strong showing for a third party candidate, and his second highest showing in the Southeast, behind only Florida.


1992 United States presidential election in North Carolina
Despite being from the South, Bill Clinton became the first Democrat to win the White House without carrying the state of North Carolina since 1844. As of the 2020 presidential election, the 1992 election constitutes the last occasion the following counties have supported a Democratic presidential nominee: Alleghany, Brunswick, Greene, Pamlico, Pender, Rockingham, Sampson and Yancey. This would also be the last election in which North Carolina would vote to the left of neighboring Virginia.


1992 United States presidential election in North Dakota
The 1992 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in North Dakota
North Dakota was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 44.22% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 32.18%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 23.07% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Ohio
The 1992 United States presidential election in Ohio took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 21 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Ohio
Ohio was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 40.18% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 38.35%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 20.98% of the popular vote. Governor Clinton thus defeated President Bush for Ohio’s 21 Electoral Votes, by a statewide vote margin of 1.83% Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Coshocton County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, the last in which Franklin County voted for a Republican presidential candidate and the last until 2020 in which Sandusky County voted for a losing candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Ohio
States just as close as Ohio that were called for Clinton as soon as their polls closed, such as Georgia, New Jersey, and Colorado, was why Ohio was the state that put Clinton over the top according to news networks, albeit Tennessee was the tipping point state. This was also the only time since 1944 that Ohio did not vote the same way as Florida, a bellwether state just like Ohio.


1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma
The 1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma
Oklahoma was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 42.65 percent of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 34.02 percent. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 23.01 percent of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Beckham County, Delaware County, Washita County, and Stephens County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Slates of Electors
Democrat: Earl E. Abernathy, Carl Albert, Obera Bergdall, Carolyn Crump, Lynn D. Hall, Glorine Henley, Grace Hudlin, Pete White


1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Slates of Electors
Republican: Jana Barker, Linda Blaylock, Ed Calhoon, Betty Casey, Allan Goodbary, Warren Roberts, Paul Thornbrugh, Dorothy Zumwalt,


1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Slates of Electors
Libertarian: Michael Alan Clem, Phillip R. Denney, Anne Hill Fruits, Randy Lee Gann, Vanessa C. McNeill, Brian J. Sullivan, David J. Walker, Paul O. Woodward


1992 United States presidential election in Oklahoma, Slates of Electors
Independent: Pat Bigelow, Kathryn Fanning, Joe D. Sewell, A. D. Hollingsworth, A. R. Posey, John Sanders, Robert T. Jones, Jeanie Wolfgram


1992 United States presidential election in Oregon
The 1992 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Oregon
Oregon was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 42.48% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 32.53%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 24.21% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in Oregon
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Curry and Jefferson counties have given a plurality to the Democratic Party nominee. It was also the first election since 1888 when Crook County had not backed the winning candidate, although Bush’s margin was less than 200 votes and was only a plurality. Deschutes County, which was narrowly won by Clinton via plurality, would vote Republican until 2020.


1992 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
The 1992 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 3, 1992, and was part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 23 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D) by a margin of 9.02%. Billionaire businessman Ross Perot (I-TX) finished in third, with 18.20% of Pennsylvania’s popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Clearfield County voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
The 1992 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Rhode Island
Rhode Island was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 47.04% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 29.02%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 23.16% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina
The 1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 8 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina
South Carolina was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 48.02% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 39.88%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 11.55% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina
This election marked the completion of South Carolina's transformation from one of the strongest Democratic states in the country to a reliably Republican one. South Carolina had voted for the Democratic nominee in every election from 1880 (the first election after Reconstruction) through 1944, always by wide margins and usually giving the Democrat over 90% of the vote. After it voted for Strom Thurmond in 1948, it returned to the Democratic fold to vote for Adlai Stevenson twice and for Kennedy in 1960, albeit narrowly.


1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina
After Barry Goldwater carried the state in 1964, however, it lost its standing as a safe Democratic state. As a socially conservative and religious Southern state, South Carolina generally trended more Republican in the 1970s and 1980s, as the center of the Democratic Party moved more into socially liberal and secular New England. Native Southerner Jimmy Carter powerfully carried the state in 1976 and only narrowly lost it in 1980, but after it spurned Arkansan Bill Clinton for George H. W. Bush in 1992, it would be counted as a safe red state, along with fellow Deep South states Mississippi and Alabama.


1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina
At the time of the election, Clinton was only the fourth Democrat to win without carrying South Carolina, after Andrew Jackson, Martin van Buren, and Lyndon B. Johnson. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Edgefield County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. This is the first election in which any South Carolina county cast more than one hundred thousand votes, namely Greenville and Richland.


1992 United States presidential election in South Carolina
With 48.02% of the popular vote, South Carolina would prove to be Bush's second strongest state in the 1992 election after Mississippi.


1992 United States presidential election in South Dakota
The 1992 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in South Dakota
South Dakota was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 40.66% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 37.14%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 21.80% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Spink County, Hanson County, Davison County, and Aurora County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee
The 1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee
Tennessee was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 47.08% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 42.43%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 10.09% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Tennessee
Clinton, from neighboring Arkansas, benefited from having the state's junior U.S. Senator Al Gore as his Vice Presidential running mate. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Rutherford County, Sumner County, Wilson County, Lincoln County, Claiborne County, Hardin County, Macon County, Bledsoe County, and Pickett County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Texas
The 1992 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 32 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Texas
Texas was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 40.56% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 37.08%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 22.01% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating Bush. He thereby became the first Democrat to win a presidential election without Texas since its statehood in 1845. Despite Bush's ties to the state, this is the closest since 1976 that Texas has come to voting for a Democratic presidential candidate. It has since become a cornerstone of the Republican electoral coalition.


1992 United States presidential election in Texas
1992 was the first election in which Texas provided the Republican nominee with his largest raw vote margin in the nation, a distinction the state held in every subsequent election until 2020, when Texas's raw vote margin was exceeded by Tennessee's. While Texas had last voted for a losing candidate in a presidential election in 1968, when it voted for Democrat Hubert Humphrey, it has subsequently gone on to do so by voting for losing Republican nominees Bob Dole in 1996, John McCain in 2008, Mitt Romney in 2012, and Donald Trump in 2020.


1992 United States presidential election in Texas
Texas was one of the few states in the U.S. where Ross Perot won any counties, namely Irion, Somervell, Grayson, and Loving. Perot was the first third-party candidate to win any Texas counties since George Wallace in 1968. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time these four aforementioned counties have not voted Republican, and the last time a third-party candidate won any of Texas's counties. Loving County, which is the country's least populous, gave Perot his best performance in the country, earning 46.88% of the vote.


1992 United States presidential election in Texas
In contrast, and more typically in modern American politics, Starr County was Clinton's strongest outside the District of Columbia, and one of only two to give him over 80% of the vote, the other being Macon County, Alabama, whilst the Panhandle counties of Hansford and Ochiltree were the third and fourth-strongest for Bush nationwide, behind the famous bastions of Jackson County, Kentucky, and Sioux County, Iowa.


1992 United States presidential election in Texas
Clinton remains the last Democratic candidate to carry the following counties: Crockett, Concho, McCulloch, Coleman, Mills, Throckmorton, Briscoe, Hill, Freestone, Henderson, Jack, Clay, Montague, Franklin, Lamar, Upshur, Angelina, Hardin, Liberty, Madison, Polk, San Jacinto, and Houston. Hays County, which Clinton won in 1992, would not vote Democratic again until 2020.


1992 United States presidential election in Utah
The 1992 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 7, 1992, and was part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Utah
Utah was won by President George H. W. Bush (R-TX) by a 16.0 percent margin of victory. This was one of only two states, the other one being Maine, to have Ross Perot (I-TX) come in second place. Unlike Maine, Perot did not win any counties, though he placed second in nineteen of twenty-nine to overcome Bill Clinton (D-AR) in the popular vote. Likewise it was the only time Bill Clinton finished third in a state, in either the 1992 or 1996 election, despite winning two counties.


1992 United States presidential election in Utah
Utah and Maine (where Bush finished third behind Perot) in 1992 constitute the last time (as of the 2020 presidential election) that any major party candidate has finished third in a state, and the only time in a non-Confederate state since Robert M. La Follette finished ahead of John W. Davis in twelve states in 1924. Utah was Perot’s third-highest vote percentage behind Maine and Alaska, and Bush’s eighth best performance as percent of vote and second best performance as far as margin of victory.


1992 United States presidential election in Utah, Electors
Technically the voters of Utah cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Utah is allocated five electors because it has three congressional districts and two senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of five electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins a plurality of votes in the state is awarded all five electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.


1992 United States presidential election in Utah, Electors
The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met in December 1992 to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.


1992 United States presidential election in Utah, Electors
All electors from Utah were pledged to and voted for George H. W. Bush and Dan Quayle.


1992 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 1992 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Vermont
Vermont was won by Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas, taking 46.11% of the popular vote over incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who took 30.42%, a victory margin of 15.69%. Independent Texas billionaire Ross Perot finished in third, with 22.78% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in Vermont
This election would prove to be a re-aligning one for the state of Vermont. Clinton's decisive double-digit victory in the state, including a Democratic sweep of all 14 counties, represented a dramatic turnaround for a state that had historically been known for being one of the most solidly Republican ones in the country. Ever since the 1856 presidential election Vermont had voted Republican in every election save for 1964. Along with Maine, it was the only state which Franklin D. Roosevelt did not carry in any of his four presidential elections.


1992 United States presidential election in Virginia
The 1992 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Virginia
Virginia was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 44.97 percent of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 40.59 percent. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 13.63 percent of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in Virginia
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which the independent city of Newport News voted for a Republican presidential candidate and the last election in which Henry County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, and it is also the only occasion since 1944 that Virginia and Colorado have not supported the same candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Virginia
With 44.97 percent of the popular vote, Virginia would prove to be Bush's sixth strongest state in the 1992 election after Mississippi, Utah (as a margin of victory), South Carolina, Alabama and Nebraska. This would also be the last election in which Virginia would vote to the right of neighboring North Carolina.


1992 United States presidential election in Washington (state)
The 1992 United States presidential election in Washington took place on 3 November 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose eleven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Washington (state)
Washington was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 43.41% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R–Texas) with 31.97%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 23.68% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. As of the 2020 presidential election, this was the last election in which Okanogan County voted for a Democratic Presidential nominee. It was also the first occasion since Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1936 landslide that Whitman County had supported a Democratic presidential candidate, as well as the first time in the history of Washington state that  King County voted more Democratic than every other county in the state in a presidential election.


1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia
The 1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia
West Virginia was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 48.41% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 35.39%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 15.92% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.


1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Wirt County voted for the Democratic candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia
As of 2021, this is the last time West Virginia voted to the left of several modern-day Democratic strongholds, namely Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Minnesota, and New Jersey.


1992 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
The 1992 United States presidential election in Wisconsin took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
Wisconsin was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 41.13 percent of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 36.78 percent. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 21.51 percent of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Florence County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate; and the last time that Door County backed a losing candidate.


1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming
The 1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming
Wyoming was won by incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 39.70 percent of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 34.10 percent. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 25.65 percent of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. This election was the closest result Wyoming had in its electoral history since 1948, when it narrowly voted for Harry S. Truman over Thomas E. Dewey.


1992 United States presidential election in Wyoming
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Natrona County and Carbon County voted for the Democratic candidate. It was also the first time any Wyoming county had voted for a Democrat since Jimmy Carter won Sweetwater County in 1976, and the first time Teton County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since it voted for Franklin D. Roosevelt over Wendell Willkie in 1940.


1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia
The 1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.


1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia
The District of Columbia, heavily Democratic, was won in a landslide by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 84.64% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 9.10%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 4.25% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot.


1992 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia
The District of Columbia would be one of only four areas where if Bush’s and Perot’s vote had been combined, Clinton would still come out on top, along with New York, Arkansas, and Maryland.


1992 United States railroad strike
The 1992 United States railroad strike was a strike by railroad employees between June 24 and June 26, 1992. The strike was launched by the International Association of Machinists, a union representing employees of CSX Transportation. Due to the interconnectedness of the United States railroad system, the strike caused railroads across the country to shut down their operations.


1992 United States railroad strike
The impact of the strike and subsequent shutdown was so severe that the federal government swiftly intervened to end it. The House and Senate passed a bill on June 26th banning both strikes and lockouts, which was then signed by President George H. W. Bush the same day.


1992 United States railroad strike, Background
In June of 1992, tensions were high between railroads and organized labor. A number of unions threatened to launch a strike if their demands were not met by the end of the day on Tuesday the 23rd. However, most unions agreed to extend their deadline amid negotiations with railroads such as Amtrak and Conrail.


1992 United States railroad strike, Background
Early newspapers on the morning of Wednesday the 24th ran headlines reporting a potential strike by Amtrak employees had been averted. President Bush warned ahead of a potential strike that because of the potential for extreme disruption to the nation's economy, "it ought to end the day it begins".


1992 United States railroad strike, The strike
The strike began just after midnight on Wednesday June 24. It was launched by the International Association of Machinists among members who worked for CSX. The union defied the extension of the strike deadline, and no other unions joined in the strike as a result.


1992 United States railroad strike, The strike
Even though the strike was confined to just one railroad, 40 railroads in the United States all responded by halting their operations, which unions said was an attempt by the railroad industry to force government intervention in the strike by instituting a lockout.


1992 United States railroad strike, The strike
As a result of the strike, virtually all freight railroad transport ceased at once. Passenger service along freight lines was also suspended. The only trains that continued operating were passenger trains on lines owned by Amtrak or other passenger railroads. Service along the Northeast Corridor was largely unaffected by the strike, as Amtrak owned the railroad line in question.


1992 United States railroad strike, The strike
The Bush administration asserted that the strike and its effects cost the nation $1 billion per day as a result of lost wages and industries that relied on rail transport being forced to shut down.


1992 United States railroad strike, Government intervention
Congress reacted rapidly to the strike and subsequent industry lockout. In what the Los Angeles Times described as "with rare speed", the House and Senate both passed a bill in the evening of Thursday June 25 which contained a ban on both strikes by railroad workers and lockouts by railroads against their employees. The bill was passed shortly before three Amtrak unions had threated to begin a strike, with a deadline of 12:01 AM Friday morning set for a walkout to begin. President Bush signed it into law shortly after it cleared both chambers of Congress.


1992 United States railroad strike, Government intervention
The law created by congress required mandatory arbitration in disputes between railroads and their employees.


1992 United States railroad strike, Reactions
A number of members of Congress criticized the bill as being unfriendly to workers. Representative Pat Williams of Montana described the bill as "a fundamental mistake that will haunt railroad workers for decades". In the Senate, Howard Metzenbaum reacted to the bill by saying, "Workers are getting the short end of the stick".


1992 United States railroad strike, Reactions
Other members of Congress asserted that the magnitude of the railroad shutdown demanded immediate action, including those traditionally perceived as being pro-labor. Defenders of the bill included senator Ted Kennedy and representative Al Swift. The latter defended the bill, saying "It's a new idea and it treats organized labor better than anything Congress has ever done before."


1992 United States railroad strike, Reactions
Alexander Cockburn harshly criticized the government response in an op-ed, asserting that "capital has gone on strike" and comparing it to Italian Fascism.


1992 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
It was contested by 13 teams, and Nacional won the championship.


1992 Uruguayan privatisation referendum
A referendum on partially repealing the law on public enterprises was held in Uruguay on 13 December 1992. The proposed repeal was approved by 73% of voters.


1992 Uruguayan privatisation referendum, Background
On 10 January 1991 the General Assembly passed law 16,211 (Law on Public Enterprises), which allowed for the privatisation of several state enterprises, including the ANTEL telecommunications company and the ANCAP petroleum company.


1992 Uruguayan privatisation referendum, Background
Two attempts were made to gain enough support to force a referendum, with a quorum of 25% of registered voters required - equivalent to 589,823 voters. The first attempt gained 448,265 in favour for a partial repeal and 21,473 for a full repeal. The second effort obtained 693,668 for a partial repeal and 14,960 for a full repeal. On 15 October 1992 the Electoral Court decided on a referendum on a partial repeal.


1992 Uruguayan privatisation referendum, Results
Unevaluated votes were those cast by voters outside of their local polling station. They would have been examined after a court had decided on their validity, but as the result was already clear, they were not counted.


1992 Utah State Aggies football team
The 1992 Utah State Aggies football team represented Utah State University in the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Aggies were led by their new head coach Charlie Weatherbie and played their home games at Romney Stadium in Logan, Utah. The Aggies finished the season totaling five wins and six losses (5–6, 4–2 Big West).


1992 Utah Utes football team
The 1992 season, Ron McBride's third with the team, saw the Utes return to postseason play for the first time since the 1964 Liberty Bowl with an appearance in the 1992 Copper Bowl.


1992 Utah gubernatorial election
The 1992 Utah gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1992. Republican nominee Michael Leavitt won the three-way election.


1992 Uzbek League
The 1992 Uzbek League season was the 1st edition of top level football in Uzbekistan since independence from the Soviet Union in 1992. 17 teams took part in the championship which was won by both Pakhtakor Tashkent and Neftchi Farg'ona whom finished the championship on 51 points and therefore shared the first ever Uzbek League title.


1992 Uzbek League
Pakhtakor Tashkent were also put forward to enter the first Commonwealth of Independent States Cup as league champions for the 1993 campaign.


1992 Uzbek League, Teams
The League was contested by 17 teams, three of whom would be relegated.


1992 V-League, First stage
18 participants divided into 2 groups playing single round robin;top-4 of both to second stage


1992 VFA season
The 1992 Victorian Football Association season was the 111th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Sandringham Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the Grand Final on 20 September by 44 points; it was Sandringham's fourth top-division premiership.


1992 VFA season, Premiership season
In the home-and-away season, each team played eighteen games; the top five then contested the finals under the McIntyre Final Five system. Finals were played at North Port Oval, and the Grand Final was played at Princes Park.


1992 VFA season, Notable events, Interleague matches
The Association played one interleague match, against the Victorian Country Football League, during the 1992 season. The match was played as a curtain-raiser to the state-of-origin match between Victoria and Western Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Leon Harris (Werribee) was coach of the Association team and Tony Pastore (Williamstown) was captain; the VCFL was coached by Gerard FitzGerald, who two decades later became the all-time record holder for VFA/VFL premiership games coached.


1992 VFA season, Notable events, Premiers Cup
During March, Dandenong and Werribee contested the Premiers Cup, a new (but ultimately once-off) sixteen-team knock-out competition featuring 1991 grand finalists from the VFA and the Victorian Amateur Football Association, and the premiers from twelve other suburban and major country football leagues in Victoria. The two Association teams faced each other in their semi-final, with Werribee victorious.


1992 VFA season, Notable events, Premiers Cup
Werribee then defeated future VFL club North Ballarat in the Grand Final, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 28 March as a curtain-raiser to an Australian Football League match between Melbourne and Geelong; notably, it was the first football game played in front of the ground's newly constructed Great Southern Stand.


1992 VFA season, Notable events, Premiers Cup
The results of games featuring Association teams are given below.


1992 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1992 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Commodores were led by head coach Gerry DiNardo in his second season and finished with a record of four wins and seven losses (4–7 overall, 2–6 in the SEC).


1992 Veikkausliiga, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and HJK Helsinki won the championship.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts
The Venezuelan coup attempts of 1992 were attempts to seize control of the government of Venezuela by the Hugo Chávez-led Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200). The first coup attempt took place on 4 February 1992, and was led by Chávez. A second coup attempt on 27 November 1992, took place while Chávez was in prison but was directed by a group of young military officers who were loyal to the MBR-200.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts
The coups were directed against President Carlos Andrés Pérez and occurred in a period marked by liberalization economic reforms, which were attempted in order to decrease the country's level of indebtedness and had caused major protests and social unrest. Despite their failure to depose the government of Carlos Andrés, the February coup attempts brought Chávez into the national spotlight. Fighting during the coups resulted in the deaths of at least 143 people and perhaps as many as several hundred.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background
Venezuela had enjoyed democratic stability since 1958, and also a degree of prosperity. This prosperity was greatly enhanced in the 1970s, when oil prices increased substantially, and Venezuela, a large petroleum exporter, received large revenues, which increased per capita income by about 40%. Venezuela experienced modernization and had one of the highest GDP per capita in its history, while also having an exchange rate of 4 bolivares per 1 US dollar.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background
However, in the 1980s, other oil producers (especially Saudi Arabia) raised their production, and oil prices dropped. Venezuela's oil revenues dropped substantially, and per capita income declined by about 25%. This imperiled economic and social stability in general. The government's overspending on programs caused massive levels of debt with poverty, inflation and unemployment rising while income declined. Corruption was also widespread with crime increasing yearly, making the Venezuelan public, primarily the poor who especially felt neglected, become outraged.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background
The IMF offered assistance to Venezuela with these debts, but on condition of Venezuela enacting budgetary and fiscal reforms to curtail the deficits. In 1989, President Pérez put these neoliberal policies into effect, reducing social spending and many commodity subsidies, and removing longstanding price controls on many goods. These policies bore heavily on Venezuela's working class and lower class majority. The resultant discontent erupted in the "Caracazo" beginning on 27 February 1989.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background, Origin
Many of the participants in the coups had been members of the Partido de la Revolución Venezolana (PRV) in the 1970s. The PRV was created by ex-Communist and guerrilla fighter Douglas Bravo, who after failing in an armed insurrection, sought to infiltrate the Venezuelan armed forces to reach power. Thus, preparation for the coup began more than ten years before Pérez was re-elected in 1988.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background, Origin
The coup organizers rejected the dominant political consensus of Venezuela, known as puntofijismo, which had been established in 1958. Under puntofijismo, political power was held by two political parties, Democratic Action and COPEI, which they saw as the two arms of a corrupt, clientelist establishment.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background, Origin
The Movimiento Bolivariano Revolucionario 200 (MBR-200) was founded in 1982 by Lieutenant Colonel Hugo Chávez Frías, who was later joined by Francisco Arias Cárdenas. They used the Venezuelan revolutionary hero Simón Bolívar as their group's symbol. Their main complaint was the corruption of Carlos Andrés Pérez as well as Venezuela's ongoing economic difficulties and social turmoil. In the view of these two men, the entire political system had to be changed in order for social change to occur.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background, Origin
In February 1989 shortly before the Caracazo, Cuban president Fidel Castro allegedly placed sleeper agents in Venezuela to create unrest. With Cuba recently entering its Special Period and experiencing economic difficulties as a result of the Soviet Union's Perestroika, Castro allegedly sought to establish an ally in Venezuela so Cuba could also enjoy funds from oil profits. As the Revolutions of 1989 occurred in Soviet states, Castro had allegedly began to organize a coup in late 1989 that would indirectly use sleeper agents who participated in the Caracazo. Castro, who was allegedly one of the main organizers according to Venezuelan Major Orlando Madriz Benítez, would instead use Chávez as the face of a civil-military action in order to avoid retaliatory actions from the United States.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background, Origin
While officially unconfirmed, Cuban involvement in and facilitation of the coup attempts was alleged by multiple sources. CIA analyst Brian Latell suggested that the Cuban intelligence agency, the Dirección General de Inteligencia (DGI), may have utilized Chávez to fulfill Cuban strategic dominance of Venezuela and its oil reserves. In Latell's view, the DGI may have either hired Chávez as an agent or provided critical aid to his coup plots. Latell claims Cuba had previously engaged in efforts to destabilize Venezuela by aiding guerrillas in the 1960s.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Background, Origin
According to General Carlos Julio Peñaloza in his book El Delfín de Fidel, both Fidel Castro and the succeeding President of Venezuela, Rafael Caldera, knew of Chávez's coup plot. Castro allegedly provided agents to convince President Pérez that there was no threat of a coup. After the coup, Caldera, manipulated by Castro and Chávez, was then supposed to take power after Pérez was removed from the presidency.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
After an extended period of popular dissatisfaction and economic decline under the neoliberal administration of Carlos Andrés Pérez, Chávez made extensive preparations for a military-civilian coup d'état. Initially planned for December 1991, Chávez delayed the MBR-200 coup until the early twilight hours of 4 February 1992. Chávez at the time held the loyalty of some 10% of Venezuela's military forces. On that date, five army units under Chávez's command moved into urban Caracas to seize key military and communications installations throughout the city, including the presidential residence (Miraflores Palace), the defense ministry, La Carlota military airport, and the Military Museum. Chávez's ultimate goal was to intercept Pérez, take custody of him and allegedly execute him before he returned to Miraflores from an overseas trip, planning to capture the president at Maiquetía airport.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
The coup attempt was originally supposed to be performed by Admiral Hernan Gruber Odreman, the highest-ranking officer among conspirators who was supposed to capture President Pérez when he returned to Venezuela from Davos, Switzerland. However, he refused after discovering that Rafael Caldera was to become head of the governing board following the coup. A second attempt to capture Pérez was then committed hours later by then Army captain, Miguel Rodríguez Torres. Since Pérez had knowledge of the coup, the president was then driven without the car lights on and his vehicle sped onto the highway. Torres, surprised, then ordered those under his command to fire at President Pérez's fleeing vehicle.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
The final attempt in the coup attempt occurred 30 minutes later at Miraflores Palace where insurgents attempted to siege the palace and kill President Pérez. Those attempting to attack Miraflores were told that the doors would be opened by the palace guards that were supposedly part of the coup. However, when the attackers approached Miraflores in an armored vehicle, they were attacked by the palace guards who knew about the coup. The firefight then ended Chávez's attack and left 3 of Pérez's bodyguards dead while Pérez hid under an overcoat eluding capture.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
The president was then able to escape from the palace and then called General Ochoa saying, "No negotiations. Give them bullets. I want to be back in soon". Pérez then used a local TV station to rally the rest of the military against his aggressors. Chávez's allies were also unable to broadcast Chávez's pre-recorded call for a planned mass civilian uprising against Pérez.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
The betrayals, defections, errors, and other unforeseen circumstances left Chávez and only a small group of rebels completely cut off in the Military Museum, without any means of conveying orders to their collaborators. Nevertheless, rebel forces in other parts of Venezuela made swift advances and took control of such large cities as Valencia, Maracaibo, and Maracay with the help of spontaneous civilian aid. Chávez's forces, however, had failed to take Caracas since he remained inside the Military Museum. Chávez soon gave himself up to the government. He was then allowed to appear on national television to call for all remaining rebel detachments in Venezuela to cease hostilities. When he did so, Chávez famously quipped on national television that he had only failed "por ahora" ("for now"):


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
Comrades: Unfortunately, for the moment, the objectives that we had set for ourselves have not been achieved in the capital. That's to say that those of us here in Caracas have not been able to seize power. Where you are, you have performed well, but now is the time for a rethink; new possibilities will arise again, and the country will be able to move definitively toward a better future.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
In the ensuing violence, 18 soldiers were killed while 51 soldiers were injured, while the majority of those killed during the coup were civilians, with 49 killed and about 80 injured in the crossfire.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, February 1992 coup attempt
Despite Chávez's military failure, he was immediately catapulted into the national spotlight due to his action, with many poor Venezuelans seeing him as a figure who had stood up against government corruption and kleptocracy. Afterward, Chávez was imprisoned at the San Carlos military stockade.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, November 1992 coup attempt
On 27 November 1992, a second coup attempt was launched. It was led by officers from the air force and navy, including pilot Luis Reyes Reyes. The group had contacts with Chávez in prison and had learned some lessons from the February coup's errors, including launching at 4:30 am instead of midnight, and obtaining communications equipment to ensure they would not be stranded without it.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, November 1992 coup attempt
In a bloody battle, they took over Venezolana de Televisión, a state-run TV station, and broadcast a video made in prison by Chávez, calling for a popular uprising. But the rebels failed to take over other broadcast outlets such as Televen, allowing Pérez to address the nation and declare that the rebellion had failed.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, November 1992 coup attempt
The rebels also seized control of major air bases and largely gained control of the skies. After a minor pilot defection enabled government forces to shoot down a rebel plane, the rebels bombed some targets. They bombed the Heliocoide Caracas headquarters of DISIP, Miraflores Palace, the Sucre Police headquarters and Generalisimo Francisco de Miranda Air Base. However, by 9:00 am, it was clear that there was little other success for the rebels.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, November 1992 coup attempt
Mirage fighter jets in rebel hands bombed an army barracks west of Caracas; however, the attack had little effect on slowing down the government counterattack. Around the same time, an F-16 pilot loyal to the government managed to engage and shoot down an AT-27.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Coup attempts, November 1992 coup attempt
An attempt to free Chávez and his associates from jail failed, and government forces retook most military bases. At about 3:00 pm, the remaining rebels took off for Peru in two C-130s, although they made it only as far as Iquitos. In total, the November death toll reached 172, much higher than the February attempt.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Government response
In the process of resisting the coup attempts, government agents were reported to have killed 40 people, both civilians and surrendered rebels, either as extrajudicial executions or with disproportionate force. Arbitrary detentions numbered in the hundreds, continued for some time after the events, and included student leaders and other civic leaders not connected with the coup attempts. In addition, freedom of expression was suspended for two months in the February case and three weeks in the November case, with censorship of the media.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Government response
A series of demonstrations in March/April calling for the resignation of President Pérez and the restoration of constitutional guarantees were met with state violence, including indiscriminate police firing into crowds, with a total of thirteen deaths. A number of members of the press covering the protests were severely injured by police.


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Government response
Participants in the February coup attempt were tried under the regular military justice system. But in response to the November coup attempt, the government created ad hoc courts based on the 1938 legal code of Eleazar López Contreras, drawn up twenty years before the transition to democracy. The Supreme Court ultimately ruled the courts unconstitutional but not on the due process grounds for which they were criticised. The Court instead found that the President had neglected to suspend the relevant constitutional rights (right to a defense, right to be tried by one's natural judge).


1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts, Aftermath
With Pérez's public image discredited by the unsuccessful neoliberal reforms and shattered by the coup attempts, other politicians began to challenge his authority, endangering the decades-old two-party puntofijismo system. The turmoil and failed coups were utilized by former president Rafael Caldera who was supposed to take power following the coup. Caldera commented on the gradual deterioration of Venezuelan democracy and the explosive conflation of poverty and corruption in the nation. Subsequent actions by intellectuals associated with Caldera resulted in Pérez's ousting from the presidency on 20 May 1993, on charges of corruption.