1993 Indianapolis 500, Background, Driver and team changes
Truesports racing was absorbed by Rahal-Hogan Racing, and driver Bobby Rahal took over the existing Truesports chassis program to start out the season. Rahal entered the race as the defending CART series champion, and was coming off a second-place finish at Long Beach.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Background, Driver and team changes
Galles Racing maintained its driver lineup for 1993. Defending Indy 500 winner Al Unser Jr. returned, as did Danny Sullivan. The team, however, scrapped the Galmer chassis program. Kevin Cogan joined the team at Indy only, making it a three-car Indy 500 effort.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Background, Driver and team changes
At Chip Ganassi Racing, Eddie Cheever departed, and was replaced by Arie Luyendyk. In 1992, Luyendyk was out of a full-time ride, and drove for Ganassi at Indy and Michigan only. For 1993, Luyendyk was back with the team, this time for a full-season ride. After his devastating crash in 1992, Nelson Piquet returned to Indy after a lengthy rehabilitation. Former winners Tom Sneva and Gordon Johncock also retired during the off-season, though Sneva did arrive at the track hoping for an outside chance to land a ride.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Background, Driver and team changes
After two years of retirement rumors, four-time winner A. J. Foyt entered once again as a driver, looking to qualify for his 36th consecutive Indy 500. Rookie driver Robby Gordon was entered in a second Foyt team car. The other active four-time winner, Al Unser Sr., secured a ride with King Racing. The previous two years, Unser had entered the month without a ride.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Background, Track improvements
Following the 1992 race, an extensive construction project was undertaken at the Speedway. The "apron" lane at the bottom of the track was removed, and replaced with a new separated warm-up lane, similar to the one at Nazareth Speedway. A grass strip physically separated the track surface from the new warm up lane. Rumble strips were installed below the white line to discourage drivers from dipping below the white line. The improvements were made in an effort to curtail speeds, and reduce impact angles, but were criticized by some who said that it made the track too narrow and would make passing more difficult.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Background, Track improvements
The entire outer retaining wall and catch fence was replaced, mostly in anticipation of the 1994 Brickyard 400. Other physical improvements included new grandstands at the north end of the circuit, observation mounds in the infield, and the completion of a new championship-caliber golf course on the grounds, designed by Pete Dye called Brickyard Crossing.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Opening Day: Saturday May 8
The traditional opening day ceremonies were capped off when Dick Simon Racing was the first team out on the track (for the 6th consecutive year). Marco Greco was the first driver to complete a lap, with the rest of the Simon cars following in a diamond formation.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Opening Day: Saturday May 8
Shortly before 3 p.m., Jeff Andretti entered the warm up lane in turn three too fast, and slid back onto the track into the path of Roberto Guerrero's car. Guerrero went high to avoid Andretti's spinning car, and brushed the outside wall. Neither driver was injured.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Opening Day: Saturday May 8
Mario Andretti (222.124 mph) was the fastest car of the day.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Sunday May 9
Paul Tracy was the fastest of the day. Jeff Andretti blew an engine, starting a huge fire at the back of his car, which he was able to guide back to the pits.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Monday May 10
Team Penske led the speed charts, with Paul Tracy (220.724 mph) first and Emerson Fittipaldi (220.691 mph) second. Nelson Piquet was 9th-fastest before he clipped the outside wall exiting turn 2.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Tuesday May 11
Arie Luyendyk set the fastest lap thus far for the month at 225.89 mph. Hiro Matsushita and Paul Tracy both survived separate spins at the pit entrance without hitting anything. At about 1:30 p.m., A. J. Foyt took his first shake down laps of the month, reaching a top lap of 212 mph.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Wednesday May 12
Rookie Nigel Mansell passed his physical and began his four-phase drivers test. He breezed through all four phases, with a top lap of 218.579 mph. Though he was unable to attend the Rookie Orientation Program, Mansell received special permission from USAC to skip the program, due to his extensive auto racing experience and expertise.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Wednesday May 12
Robbie Buhl crashed in turn two, suffering a concussion, which sidelined him until May 19th. Ross Bentley and Olivier Grouillard also spun out on the track.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Wednesday May 12
Raul Boesel topped the speed chart for the day at 224.461 mph.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Thursday May 13
Arie Luyendyk once again set the fastest lap thus far for the month, raising it to 226.182 mph. The day was without incident, except for Robby Gordon, who "whitewalled" the outside wall at the southchute, suffering minor suspension damage.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Thursday May 13
Mario Andretti was second fastest (225.423 mph), the second driver of the month over 225 mph. In his first full day of practice, Nigel Mansell was 6th fastest, with lap of 224.372 mph.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Friday May 14
Raul Boesel (225.592 mph) topped the speed chart for the final day of practice before pole day. Nigel Mansell continued to impress, posting the second-fastest lap of the day (224.949 mph). Mario Andretti was third, but Arie Luyendyk was only 9th fastest.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 1, Friday May 14
Incidents on the track involved three drivers. At 12:20 p.m., Didier Theys spun out of turn 4 and hit the inside wall, bouncing back to the middle of the frontstretch. The car was heavily damaged, but Theys suffered only a bruised thigh. At 1:53 p.m., Ross Bentley abruptly stopped on the main stretch, with the car on fire. He quickly scrambled to exit the cockpit. A fuel pressure regulator broke, spilling fuel, and igniting. Bentley suffered first and second-degree burns to his face and hands, and he would sit out the rest of the month. Late in the day, Mario Andretti spun in the warmup lane, but did not make contact.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
Pole day was warm and sunny. At 8:11 a.m., during the morning practice session, rookie Robby Gordon, driving the #41 Foyt entry, spun exiting turn 1, then brushed the wall with the nose of the car. The car continued to slide, righted itself forward, and slid along the outside wall in turn two. Gordon was uninjured. About two hours later, unexpectedly, A. J. Foyt donned his racing suit for the final time, and took to the track for a final "farewell" lap. After the Gordon crash, Foyt decided he was unable to fully concentrate his efforts on both driving and running the team successfully, and after previously hinting at retirement in 1991, he made his retirement official effective immediately.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
An emotional and teary-eyed Foyt was interviewed by Tom Carnegie over the public address system, giving his farewell speech to the fans:


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
"It's a hard decision, but there comes a time. The fans have brought me back as many years as I've been back, but I felt like, if I'm gonna run a team, I can't be in a race car. Seems like every time I'm not with the car something happens, and I realized that this morning. Just as it...I went to get the green, the yellow come out, it's my other car.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
So, if I'm going to be a successful car owner, I've got to spend 110% of my time with the car and not think of A. J. So, Mr. [Lou] Bantle, and Ford Motor Company, this decision was made about, well when Robby hit the wall was when I made the decision. I intended to qualify, and the car's a very fast car, I got out of.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
I know it [would]'ve make the race very easy, I'd have no problem putting it in the show, and I think, like I said, [there] comes a time, I love all y'all a lot, you've been great fans, I love you, and I'll still be back and we'll still be up in the winner's circle. Thank you very much.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
Promptly at 11:00 a.m., time trials began with Stan Fox the first driver in line. After three inconsistent laps, Fox waved off. Due to the challenging track layout (without the apron) and rules changes, several drivers and teams were uneasy about qualifying speeds and many waved off. Mario Andretti was the second car out, and completed his run at 223.414 mph, putting him on the provisional pole position.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
In the first hour and fifteen minutes, only four cars completed runs. Nine cars waved off, including Arie Luyendyk, and Gary Bettenhausen wrecked on his fourth lap. At 12:30 p.m., Raul Boesel put his car on the front row with a run of 222.379 mph. Nigel Mansell waved off his first run, after three laps in the 218-219 mph range. At 1 p.m., with ten cars in the field, the track became quiet, as drivers awaited better conditions.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
At 5 p.m., time trials resumed. Arie Luyendyk secured the pole position with a speed of 223.967 mph. Luyendyk bumped Mario Andretti to the middle of the front row, and Raul Boesel held on for the outside of the front row. Nigel Mansell was the next car out, making his second attempt. After a first lap of 221.811 mph, Mansell wildly veered to the middle of the track out of turn four (fearing that he brushed the wall exiting turn 4). His second lap dropped to 219 mph, and his four-lap average ended up 220.255 mph, good enough for 8th starting position in the middle of row 3.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Pole day – Saturday May 15
Emerson Fittipaldi, Kevin Cogan, and Stefan Johansson were the only other cars to complete runs. The day ended with 15 cars in the field, and Pruett (216.794 mph) as the slowest. Bobby Rahal was among the drivers not yet in the field.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Second day – Sunday May 16
Several drivers who waved off on pole day completed runs on the second day. Among those who qualified comfortably were Jeff Andretti, Lyn St. James, and Teo Fabi. After struggling all week with the Truesports chassis, Bobby Rahal completed a run at 217.140 mph.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 1, Second day – Sunday May 16
With the field filled to 26 cars, Mark Smith (214.356 mph) was the slowest car in the field. The only incident of the day involved Davy Jones, who blew an engine on the first lap of his qualifying attempt. The hot fluids entered the cockpit, and Jones scrambled to stop the car against the inside wall near the pit entrance and climb out.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 2, Monday – May 17
A light day of track activity saw John Andretti shaking down a car for Willy T. Ribbs at Walker Motorsports. Andretti hit 220.157 mph in the car, the fastest non-qualified car of the afternoon.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 2, Tuesday – May 18
Rain kept cars off the track until 3 p.m. An abbreviated practice session saw only 15 cars on the track, with Teo Fabi (223.381 mph) the fastest of the day; his fastest lap all month. Willy T. Ribbs took his first laps of the month, and first laps since 1991, topping out in the 210 mph range.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 2, Wednesday – May 19
Éric Bachelart wrecked early in the session in turn 1, but he suffered only minor injuries. After being cleared to drive Wednesday morning, Robbie Buhl wrecked again, this time suffering an injured foot. To date, Dale Coyne Racing had now suffered four crashes in the month.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 2, Wednesday – May 19
Emerson Fittipaldi, testing race setups, set the second-fastest lap of the month, at 226.051 mph, faster than the pole position speed. Olivier Grouillard, Eddie Cheever, and Jim Crawford led the speed chart for the non-qualified drivers.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 2, Thursday – May 20
The fastest lap of the month was turned in by Mario Andretti, who blistered the track at 227.118 mph. Jim Crawford (221.212 mph) set the pace for the non-qualified drivers. The day ended 15 minutes early due to rain.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 2, Friday – May 21
The final full day of practice saw heavy activity. A total of 33 cars ran 1,693 laps during the session, and the field passed 20,000 practice laps for the month. Nigel Mansell (225.468 mph) was the fastest-car of the day, and Robby Gordon (221.272 mph) led the non-qualified cars.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Practice: week 2, Friday – May 21
The only incident of the day involved Dominic Dobson, who spun to the inside of turn one, and lightly tapped the outside wall. The car was not damaged, and Dobson was not injured.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 22
At the opening of time trials, Eddie Cheever was the first car to complete a qualifying run, It was his third and final attempt in the #99 Turley Motorsports entry. His speed of 216.415 mph, was disappointingly slow compared to his previous practice laps. Jim Crawford put a third King Racing entry in the field, with a comfortable speed of 217.612 mph.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 22
John Andretti signed last-minute to drive the #84 Foyt entry, and quickly posted a speed of 221.746 mph, the fastest car of the afternoon, and 6th-fastest in the entire field. Robby Gordon, now the primary driver for Foyt, followed with a run of 220.085 mph.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 22
At 5:17 p.m., Geoff Brabham easily bumped rookie Mark Smith from the field. Smith turned around and re-qualified his back-up car at 217.150 mph, bumping Eddie Cheever. The bumping continued with Willy T. Ribbs posting a solid run of 217.711 mph to bump Olivier Grouillard. Eddie Cheever took out his backup #99T car for an attempt (his fourth attempt of the month), but waved off. The day ended with Dominic Dobson bumping out Scott Pruett.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 22
With questionable weather in the forecast for Sunday, the field was filled to 33 cars, with Bobby Rahal on the bubble.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 23
With the field already filled to 33 cars, Bump Day, the final day of time trials, started with unfavorable weather conditions. Wind gusts up to 30 mph were observed, which kept cars off the track most of the early afternoon. 1986 winner, and defending CART champion Bobby Rahal (217.140 mph) started the day on the bubble, as the slowest car in the field. His R/H chassis was proving to be uncompetitive in superspeedway trim.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 23
In the morning, Team Menard offered a spare car deal for Bobby Rahal, who was in considerable danger of failing to qualify. Rahal declined, opting instead to roll out his backup car, and start getting it up to speed. After a difficult time in qualifying, Eddie Cheever quit the Turley team, and took the vacant ride at Menard.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 23
Qualifying began at 5 p.m., with Eddie Cheever first out. Though his speed was seemingly fast enough to bump his way into the field, the crew waved off the run. Bobby Rahal remained on the bubble. Over the next half-hour, four drivers (Didier Theys, Scott Pruett, John Paul, Jr., and Éric Bachelart) all attempted to bump Bobby Rahal from the field. John Paul, Jr. blew his engine, and the rest were too slow and waved off. Rahal's team had to keep pulling his backup car out of line, and moving to the rear, increasing the risk that he would not be able to re-qualify if he got bumped.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 23
With fifteen minutes left in the day, Eddie Cheever took to the track, overall, his record sixth qualifying attempt of the month. At 217.599 mph, he bumped Bobby Rahal from the field. The move put rookie Mark Smith (217.150 mph) on the bubble. At 5:54 p.m., Didier Theys took to the track, and completed his run at 217.752 mph. Theys bumped Smith, and added to the lore of the Curse of the Smiths at the Indy 500.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 23
With just seconds remaining until the 6 o'clock gun, Bobby Rahal made it to the front of the qualifying line. At 5:59 p.m., he pulled away for his warm up laps. Kevin Cogan (217.230 mph) was now on the bubble. Rahal's first lap was completed at 217.360 mph, just fast enough to bump his way in. However, his second lap dropped to 216.820 mph. His third lap (214.782 mph) was the dagger, and Rahal failed to qualify.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 27
The final practice session saw Scott Brayton (223.547 mph) set the fastest lap. Nigel Mansell was second, and Raul Boesel third. No incidents were reported, but a few drivers, namely Stan Fox, reported relatively minor mechanical issues.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 27
First alternate Bobby Rahal did not take the opportunity to practice. Paul Tracy was absent for the day, due to the birth of his daughter in Toronto. Emerson Fittipaldi shook down Tracy's car for a handful of practice laps.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials: weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 27
Galles Racing won the Miller Pit Stop Contest with driver Al Unser, Jr.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Pre-race
After the tumultuous off-season, and surprising events during time trials, the 500 would line up with several familiar drivers on the sidelines for one reason or another. A. J. Foyt, Rick Mears, Gordon Johncock, and Tom Sneva were retired. Michael Andretti was not participating while both Bobby Rahal, and Scott Pruett failed to qualify.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Pre-race
After the miserable cold weather from the previous year, race day dawned sunny and warm. There was pre-race concern about approaching precipitation, and the forecast was questionable. Some teams prepared for a possible rain-shortened race. However, the rain never arrived, and the race was completed without interruption.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Start
At the green flag, polesitter Arie Luyendyk and Raul Boesel drag-raced down the frontstretch, with Mario Andretti dropping back into third. Boesel got the edge, and grabbed the lead into turn 1. The entire field circulated through the first lap cleanly, and started to pick up the pace. Boesel began lapping the backmarkers on lap 8, meanwhile Andretti moved past Luyendyk to take second place. On lap 16, Jim Crawford spun exiting turn 2. He flat-spotted his tires, but did not make contact. He drove back to the pits, and re-entered the race.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Start
Under the caution most of the leaders pitted. Kevin Cogan stayed out, and inherited the lead. In doing so, Cogan accomplished a rare feat in which the slowest qualifier in the field led lap(s) during the race. In the pits, Raul Boesel was among those who pitted, and in the process, the crew was able to remove a hot dog wrapper that was blocking the radiator inlet. As Boesel was exiting his pit stall, he was momentarily blocked when Scott Goodyear pulled out of his stall.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Start
Further down the lane, Mario Andretti slowly pulled out of his pit box, and was ahead of Boesel. Both cars entered the warm up lane together. Boesel was going much faster and slipped by Andretti in the warm up lane. Boesel was unaware and was not informed by the officials that Mario had crossed the blend line first.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Start
After the field went back to green on lap 21, the black flag was displayed for Boesel. A controversial stop-and-go penalty was assessed to Boesel. Confusion hovered over the reason for penalty. Owner Dick Simon was initially informed it was for speeding in the pits, but then it was changed to passing under the yellow. Boesel darted into the pits to serve the penalty, and fell all the way back to the rear of the field. He lost a lap in the process.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
With Al Unser, Sr. leading on lap 31, Danny Sullivan, suffering from a pushing condition, went high in turn three and smacked the outside wall. A piece of the suspension pierced through the side of the tub, and narrowly missed puncturing his leg. Danny would not return as a driver in 1994 but did one last time in 1995. Nelson Piquet, who returned to Indy after his bad crash in 1992, dropped out with a blown engine.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
Mario Andretti led the field back to green on lap 36, Arie Luyendyk ran second, and Emerson Fittipaldi third. Mario led comfortably for the next 15 laps. On lap 47, the leaders approached traffic, and Luyendyk passed Andretti to take the lead into turn one. Nigel Mansell began showing strength, passing Fittipaldi for third, then closing in his teammate Mario Andretti in second. Down the main stretch on lap 50, Mansell dove inside Mario for position, but Mario held him off, sweeping down in front in turn 1.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
Three laps later, Mansell finally got by Mario in turn 1, after a hot pursuit. Andretti pitted one lap later. On lap 56, Mansell passed Luyendyk coming out of turn 2 to take the lead for the first time. However, Mansell ducked into the pits on that same lap, and was not credited with leading a lap yet.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
During the sequence of green flag pit stops, the lead changed hands several times. After all of the leaders pitted, Nigel Mansell took over the lead.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
The yellow came out for debris on lap 89, and after pit stops, Mario Andretti was back in the lead. Nigel Mansell overshot his pit stall, and his crew had to wheel him back to administer service. Mansell dropped to 6th place after a 40-second pit stop.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
The green came out on lap 94, but only lasted two laps. Scott Brayton and Paul Tracy tangled entering turn three, and Tracy was forced into the outside wall. Brayton came down on Tracy, pinching him to the grass, and clipped his front wheel.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
On lap 128, the only multi-car crash of the day occurred. Jeff Andretti and Roberto Guerrero came together in turn three, with both cars crashing out. Leader Mario Andretti ducked into the pits, however, he entered the pit lane when it was closed. He was given the black flag and assessed a stop-and-go penalty. After the shuffle, Al Unser, Jr. took over the lead, with Andretti second. Meanwhile, Raul Boesel was now back on the lead lap in 8th place.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
Robby Gordon brought out the yellow on lap 169 when he stalled on the track with a broken gearbox. Under the yellow, Raul Boesel entered the pits while they were closed, and was assessed a stop-and-go penalty; however, he did not lose any considerable track position.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
After the shuffle from the final sequence of pit stops, Nigel Mansell was now back in the lead, with Emerson Fittipaldi second, and Arie Luyendyk third.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
On lap 182, the yellow came out when Lyn St. James stalled in turn 4. Nigel Mansell was leading Emerson Fittipaldi and Arie Luyendyk. On lap 184, the field was ready to go back to green. Mansell, driving in his first-ever Indy car oval race, was inexperienced in restarts, and was too hesitant bringing the field back to green. He exited turn four too slow, and immediately Fittipaldi and Luyendyk were on his rear bumper. Mansell realized he was a sitting duck, and swept to the inside of the track to attempt to block. Fittipaldi quickly diced around, and got by on the outside to take the lead. Going into turn one, Luyendyk precariously swept by Mansell on the outside and took over second place.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
With Fittipaldi pulling away, the laps dwindled down, and Mansell's chances for victory started to slip away. On lap 192, Mansell slid high exiting turn two, and "whitewalled" the outside wall. A caution came out for the contact, but Mansell stayed out on the track. His suspension suffered minor damage, but he continued.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
The green flag came out for the final time with 5 laps to go. Emerson Fittipaldi got the jump on the restart, and pulled away to a comfortable lead. Fittipaldi won his second Indy 500 by 2.8 seconds over Arie Luyendyk. Nigel Mansell held on to finish third, while Raul Boesel worked his way all the way back to the front-runners to come home fourth.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
Nigel Mansell became the first rookie to finish the full 500 miles since Donnie Allison in 1970. He won the rookie of the year award, and led a total of 34 laps during the race. His late-race miscue cost him two positions, and was largely chalked up as a 'rookie mistake.' During post-race interviews, Mansell claimed he was trying to follow the rules, waiting for the green flag to come out before he accelerated, and he was surprised that Fittipaldi and Luyendyk had caught up such ground on him so quickly.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Finish
He claimed that "everybody, if you like, cheats on the restarts, and I'm trying to do it by the rules...and I lost the lead..." However, he did not protest the results, and was pleased with his performance. Later that same year, Mansell won the Michigan 500 and went on to win the 1993 CART IndyCar championship. Mansell was honored with the Driver of the Year award, the Autosport International Racing Driver Award and an ESPY.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Post race
Race winner Emerson Fittipaldi, who previously won in 1989 pulled into victory lane to celebrate his win with team owner Roger Penske. It would be the final time a driver celebrated in the "hydraulic lift" version of Indy's victory lane, as a new one was built for 1994. As Fittipaldi emerged from the cockpit, he immediately began the traditional winner's interview, being given by Jack Arute live on ABC-TV. Fittipaldi broke a decades-old tradition, and chose not to drink the ceremonial milk in victory lane, a tradition that dates back to 1936. Fittipaldi instead controversially drank orange juice, which he himself provided, in order to promote the Brazilian citrus industry. Arute immediately shifted his questioning to the milk snub, and the exchange on live television went as follows:


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Post race
Fittipaldi: "No, I'm not going to have the milk." Arute: "Now there's a first! Emerson, you're not going to drink the milk?" Fittipaldi: "Well, I'm going to drink the orange juice, that's my producer, and I'm going to help this time orange juice. I produce orange juice."


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Post race
Arute: "Back in São Paulo he produces orange juice, so he's going to go that way."


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Post race
Fittipaldi refused to even hold the milk bottle, pushing it away at least three times from the presenter. After the interview was concluded, and after television cameras had been turn off, Fittipaldi finally did take a sip from the bottle of milk at the direction of his owner Roger Penske, however, not before a controversy boiled. Media and fans reaction was highly negatively to the snub, and they charged Fittipaldi with breaking the popular and long-standing Indy tradition for personal gain. He quickly gained hecklers, and was booed the following week during driver introductions at Milwaukee. A few days after the race, Fittipaldi issued an apology statement, and donated the $5,000 prize from the American Dairy Association of Indiana to charity.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race statistics
There were 23 lead changes involving a race record 12 different leaders. Kevin Cogan, the slowest qualifier, led 3 laps, the first time since 1923 that the slowest driver in the field led a lap at Indy.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race statistics
The ten cars finishing on the lead lap was the most in Indy history up to that point, although it was not the most cars completing the full 500 miles (the record was 16 in 1959). However, since the implementation of the "pack-up" rule during caution periods in 1979, and the fact that extra time to complete the 500 miles was eliminated in the mid-1970s, ten cars completing 500 miles on the lead lap broke the CART-era record of four (1980, 1986, 1992).


1993 Indianapolis 500, Race statistics
The field completed a then race-record 5,733 out of a possible 6,600 laps (86.9%) for a full 500-mile race; a record that stood until 2013.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Bob Jenkins served as chief announcer for the fourth year. Johnny Rutherford, who missed the broadcast in 1992, returned to serve as "driver expert."


1993 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Besides Rutherford, the rest of the crew remained the same from 1991–1992.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
For the first time, the radio network did not feature a separate live interview with the winner from victory lane. The network simulcast the ABC-TV live interview, which would occur immediately as the driver arrives in victory lane. This allowed the radio audience to hear the first words spoken by the winner, increasing the spontaneity, and prevented the driver from having to repeat an entire interview for a second audience.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Bob JenkinsDriver expert: Johnny RutherfordStatistician: Howdy BellHistorian: Donald Davidson


1993 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Jerry BakerTurn 2: Gary LeeTurn 3: Larry HenryTurn 4: Bob Lamey


1993 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried live flag-to-flag coverage in the United States on ABC Sports. Paul Page served as host and play-by-play announcer, joined by color commentators Bobby Unser and Sam Posey. A slight change came about for 1993. Bobby Unser left the announcing booth, and reported from the turn two position on top of the luxury suites. The move was supposedly to offer a fresh perspective, but others believed it was to separate Unser and Posey, who were known to engage in heated exchanges and debates on-air.


1993 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
Besides Unser moving his reporting position, the same exact crew, and respective duties, from 1990–1992 returned. Bobby Rahal, who failed to qualify for the 1993 race, was invited to be part of the crew, but declined. Two new camera angles debuted, with scaffolding towers erected inside the turns. This was done in part due to construction of new grandstands at the north end of the track and due to the outer retaining fence having been raised. Producers wanted an unobstructed view of the track, and for 1993, desirable camera locations were unavailable on the outside.


1993 Indianapolis Colts season
The 1993 Indianapolis Colts season was the 41st season for the team in the National Football League and tenth in Indianapolis. The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League's 1993 season with a record of 4 wins and 12 losses, and finished fifth in the AFC East division. The Colts would get off to a fast 2–1 start. However, after that, the Colts would go into a tailspin for the rest of the season, losing 11 of their final 13 games.


1993 Indianapolis Colts season
The Colts offense was abysmal during the season, scoring only 189 points all season, the fewest in the league, and 3 of their 4 wins were by a 9 to 6 tally. Their only other win was a 23–10 win over the Cleveland Browns in week 4. For the first and only time in league history, all NFL teams played their 16-game schedule over a span of 18 weeks.


1993 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1993 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 28th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held on 20 and 21 February 1993 in Saransk in Russia.


1993 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1993 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 23rd edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 26 September 1993 in Mühldorf, Germany.


1993 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Simon Wigg of England for the fourth time.


1993 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship
The 1993 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 17th edition of the World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships. The event was won by Joe Screen of England.


1993 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship, World final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1993 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1993 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 48th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1993 Individual Speedway World Championship
"Sudden" Sam Ermolenko of the United States won his only Speedway World Championship to become the first American winner since Bruce Penhall in 1982. Triple World Champion Hans Nielsen finished second with England's Chris Louis finishing third.


1993 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1993 Indonesia Open (badminton)
The 1993 Indonesia Open in badminton was held in Jakarta, from July 21 to July 25, 1993. It was a five-star tournament and the prize money was US$166,000.


1993 Indonesian Grand Prix
The 1993 Indonesian Grand Prix was a Formula Brabham race held on August 21–22, 1993 at the Sentul International Circuit near Citeureup, Indonesia. It was the first round of a two event Pan-Pacific series for the Australian-based Formula Brabham category. It was the first race held at the newly constructed state-owned racetrack, built in an attempt to secure a Formula One Grand Prix, specifically for the 1994 Formula One season.


1993 Indonesian Grand Prix
With no local form of open wheel motor racing occurring in Indonesia as it had been several years since a motor racing circuit had operated in the country, organisers looked into importing a field of racing. After investigating the potential costs of importing the European Formula 3000 Championship and several Formula 3 series, the geographically closer Australian Formula Brabham series was selected.


1993 Indonesian Women's Open Tennis Championships
The 1993 Indonesian Women's Open Tennis Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Gelora Senayan Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia and was part of Tier IV of the 1993 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 26 April through 2 May 1993. First-seeded Yayuk Basuki won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money.


1993 Indonesian Women's Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Nicole Arendt /  Kristine Radford defeated  Amy deLone /  Erika deLone 6–3, 6–4


1993 Indonesian Women's Open Tennis Championships – Doubles
In the first edition of the tournament, Nicole Arendt and Kristine Radford won the title by defeating Amy deLone and Erika deLone 6–2, 6–2 in the final.


1993 Indonesian Women's Open Tennis Championships – Singles
In the first edition of the tournament, Yayuk Basuki won the title by defeating Ann Grossman 6–4, 6–4 in the final.


1993 Indy Lights season
The 1993 Firestone Indy Lights Championship consisted of 12 races and featured the introduction of new Lola chassis. However, this season was also unique in that included a separate "B-Class" classification for drivers using the previous season's March chassis. However, the B class was not a success, never with more than four entries and many oval races only saw a single entry from B-class "champion" Jack Miller, the only driver to compete in all twelve B-Class races.


1993 Indy Lights season
Bryan Herta put on a strong showing in the main championship, winning 7 races and defeating his closest rival by 91 points.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Phoenix race
Held April 4 at Phoenix International Raceway. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Long Beach race
Held April 18 at Long Beach, California Street Course. Franck Fréon won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Milwaukee race
Held June 6 at The Milwaukee Mile. Steve Robertson won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Detroit race
Held June 13 at Belle Isle Raceway. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Portland race
Held June 27 at Portland International Raceway. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Cleveland race
Held July 11 at Burke Lakefront Airport. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Toronto race
Held July 18 at Exhibition Place. Steve Robertson won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Loudon race
Held August 8 at New Hampshire International Speedway. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Vancouver race
Held August 29 at Pacific Place. Steve Robertson won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Mid-Ohio race
Held September 12 at The Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Nazareth race
Held September 19 at Nazareth Speedway. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Race summaries, Laguna Seca race
Held October 3 at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. Bryan Herta won the pole.


1993 Indy Lights season, Final points standings, Driver, Main championship
For every race the points were awarded: 20 points to the winner, 16 for runner-up, 14 for third place, 12 for fourth place, 10 for fifth place, 8 for sixth place, 6 seventh place, winding down to 1 point for 12th place. Additional points were awarded to the pole winner (1 point) and to the driver leading the most laps (1 point).


1993 Indy Lights season, Final points standings, Driver, Main championship
Race 13 – no additional point for the pole-position was awarded due to rain, starting grid were determined by championship points standing.


1993 Indy Lights season, Complete Overview
R13=retired, but classified NS=did not start (9)=place after practice, but grid position not held free


1993 Intercontinental Cup
The 1993 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 12 December 1993 between Milan, runners-up of the 1992–93 UEFA Champions League, and São Paulo, winners of the 1993 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the National Stadium in Tokyo. Milan were making a fifth appearance in the competition, after the victories in 1969, 1989, 1990, and the defeat in 1963. While São Paulo's were looking to defend their title, after victory in the previous edition. Marseille, the winners of 1992–93


1993 Intercontinental Cup
UEFA Champions League was not allowed to participate, because of match-fixing scandal involving the club, which saw them stripped from 1992–93 French Division 1 title and banned from international club competitions (1993–94 UEFA Champions League, 1993 European Super Cup and Intercontinental Cup). Because of the scandal, Milan was allowed to play in both the Super Cup and the Intercontinental Cup.


1993 International Austrian Indoor Championships
The 1993 International Austrian Indoor Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Intersport Arena in Linz, Austria that was part of Tier III of the 1993 WTA Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 22 February through 28 February 1993. Second-seeded Manuela Maleeva-Fragniere won the singles title, her second at the event after 1991, and earned $27,000 first-prize money as well as 190 ranking points.


1993 International Austrian Indoor Championships, Finals, Doubles
Eugenia Maniokova /  Leila Meskhi defeated  Conchita Martínez /  Judith Wiesner w/o


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship
The 1993 FIA Formula 3000 International Championship was a motor racing series for Formula 3000 cars. Contested over nine races, it was the ninth FIA Formula 3000 International Championship. plOlivier Panis won the championship driving a Reynard 93D for the French DAMS team.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Technical changes
The 1993 Championship was the first to feature only one make of chassis, although the rules were still open to multiple manufacturers. Ralt had already ceased involvement in F3000 in 1992. After two poor seasons, Lola had no European customers after their two French teams, DAMS and Apomatox, switched to Reynards. Lolas would continue to have success in Japan, and would return to Europe in 1994.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Technical changes
In 1992, the manufacturers had agreed to a two-year cycle for chassis development for the first time, with the intention of reducing costs. Several teams, including the previous champions Crypton, kept their Reynard 92D cars. The new 93D featured a manual sequential gearbox, as opposed to the H-pattern found on the previous car, along with aerodynamic and suspension improvements.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Technical changes
Cosworth introduced a new low-crank engine, the AC, to compete with the Judd KV. Several teams retained the old DFV, which would score its last major victory at Pau. For the first time since 1988, there were no Mugen Honda engines in Europe.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
Olivier Beretta joined the Forti Corse team for 1993, and won the opening round at Donington Park. Reigning British Formula 3 Champion Gil de Ferran then won at Silverstone. The Pau Grand Prix was marked by the usual first-lap crash at the Lyceé hairpin, followed by another on the pit straight as several drivers were unable to see the red flags. Pedro Lamy won the restarted race, giving the DFV its last major victory.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
Enna produced the usual crashes, as well as a fine battle for the lead between Lamy and eventual winner David Coulthard. Frenchman Olivier Panis then won both German rounds and at Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
A rain shower caused havoc at Magny-Cours. Panis lost the lead due to a stuck wheel nut when he pitted for rain tires. His DAMS teammate Franck Lagorce picked up the win.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
Going into the final round at Nogaro, Panis led Lamy by a single point. Coulthard also had an outside chance at the title, but he retired after only a few corners. Later on the opening lap, Panis was taken out by Vincenzo Sospiri, and had to be restrained from attacking the Italian in the pitlane. Shortly thereafter, though, Lamy came into the pits with damaged rear suspension. His team would repair it, but he lost several laps. With all three contenders eliminated in the opening laps, Panis celebrated from the pit wall as his teammate Lagorce won from the two Apomatox cars of Boullion and Collard.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Points system
For every race points were awarded: 9 points for first place, 6 for second place, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. All results were taken into consideration in determining the title.


1993 International Formula 3000 Championship, Complete Overview
R10=retired, but classified NC=not classified  R=retired NS=did not start NQ=did not qualify DIS(6)=disqualified after finishing in sixth place


1993 International League season
The 1993 International League season took place from April to September 1993.


1993 International League season
The Charlotte Knights defeated the Rochester Red Wings to win the league championship.


1993 International League season, Team changes
With the 1993 Major League Baseball expansion taking place, two new expansion teams had to be placed in the IL. The Ottawa Lynx and the Charlotte Knights were added into the East and the West Divisions, respectively. The Lynx would serve as the Triple-A affiliate of the Montreal Expos, while the Knights would serve as the Triple-A affiliate of the Cleveland Indians.


1993 International League season, Regular season, All-Star game
The 1993 Triple-A All-Star Game was held at Albuquerque Sports Stadium in Albuquerque, New Mexico, home of the Albuquerque Dukes of the Pacific Coast League. The All stars representing the National League affiliates won 14-3. Richmond Braves first baseman Ryan Klesko was given the top award for the International League.


1993 International League season, Playoffs, Division Series
The Rochester Red Wings won the East Division Series over the Ottawa Lynx, 3 games to 2.


1993 International League season, Playoffs, Division Series
The Charlotte Knights won the West Division Series over the Richmond Braves, 3 games to 1.


1993 International League season, Playoffs, Championship series
The Charlotte Knights won the Governors' Cup Finals over the Rochester Red Wings, 3 games to 2.


1993 International Open
The 1993 Sky Sports International Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 2–11 April 1993 at the Plymouth Pavilions in Plymouth, England with TV coverage on Sky Sports beginning on 5 April. It was the first International Open held since 1989 and is now moved to April for this season only as the last ranking tournament before the World Championship.


1993 International Open
Stephen Hendry won the title by defeating the defending champion Steve Davis 10–6 in the final.


1993 International Rostrum of Composers
The 1993 International Rostrum of Composers was the 39th edition of the forum. Finnish composer Kimmo Hakola won the UNESCO Mozart Medal with Capriole, a 1991 composition for cello and bass clarinet.


1993 International Tennis Championships
The 1993 International Tennis Championships was an ATP Tour men's tennis tournament held in Coral Springs, Florida in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from May 10 until May 17, 1993. First-seeded Todd Martin won the singles title.


1993 International Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Patrick McEnroe /  Jonathan Stark defeated  Paul Annacone /  Doug Flach 6–4, 6–3


1993 International Tennis Championships – Doubles
Patrick McEnroe and Jonathan Stark won in the final 6–4, 6–3, against Paul Annacone and Doug Flach.


1993 International Tennis Championships – Singles
Todd Martin defeated David Wheaton 6–3, 6–4 to win the 1993 International Tennis Championships singles event.


1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Strasbourg, France that was part of Tier III of the 1993 WTA Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 17 May until 23 May 1993. Fifth-seeded Naoko Sawamatsu won the singles title and earned $25,000 first-prize money.


1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg, Finals, Doubles
Shaun Stafford /  Andrea Temesvári defeated  Jill Hetherington /  Kathy Rinaldi 6–7(5–7), 6–3, 6–4


1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
The 1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles event was part of the 1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg women's tennis tournament which was part of Tier III of the 1993 WTA Tour and held from 17 May until 23 May 1993 in Strasbourg, France. Patty Fendick and Andrea Strnadová were the defending doubles champions, but none competed this year. Shaun Stafford and Andrea Temesvári won the title by defeating Jill Hetherington and Kathy Rinaldi 6–7(5–7), 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles
Judith Wiesner was the defending champion, but lost in the final 4–6, 6–1, 6–3 to Naoko Sawamatsu. Curiously, both players faced each other at the final match in last year.


1993 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles, Seeds
The first five seeds received a bye to the second round.


1993 Intertoto Cup
In the 1993 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1993 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into 8 groups of 5 teams each. Opponents played each other once.


1993 Invercargill mayoral by-election
The 1993 Invercargill mayoral by-election was held on 20 March 1993 as a result of the death of Mayor Eve Poole on Boxing Day the previous year.


1993 Invercargill mayoral by-election, Background
Since losing the Waitemata City mayoralty in 1989, Tim Shadbolt had made several unsuccessful electoral runs, including 1992 mayoral elections in Auckland and Dunedin, in both of which he placed third.


1993 Invercargill mayoral by-election, Background
The election attracted an unusually large pool of 14 candidates, including the incumbent deputy mayor and the two deputy mayors preceding him. Former Southland County Council chairman and father of candidate Janet Malloch, Sir Erskine Bowmar, described it as "a bit of a joke".


1993 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1993 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team was coached by Hayden Fry and played their home games at Kinnick Stadium.


1993 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Minnesota
The win over Minnesota marked Hayden Fry's 200th career victory.


1993 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1993 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big Eight Conference. The team was coached by head coach Jim Walden.


1993 Iowa murders
Dustin Lee Honken (March 22, 1968 – July 17, 2020) and Angela Jane Johnson (born January 17, 1964) were convicted of the 1993 murders of five people in Iowa.


1993 Iowa murders
The victims were related to a drug trial against Honken. Honken was involved in the manufacturing of methamphetamine, and one of his dealers was set to testify against him, so Honken and Johnson murdered him along with his girlfriend and her two daughters (ages 6 and 10). A few months later, the fifth victim, also a former dealer, was murdered.


1993 Iowa murders
Honken was sentenced to death and executed by the federal government on July 17, 2020, the first defendant from Iowa to be executed since 1963. Johnson was also sentenced to death, the first woman sentenced to death by a United States federal jury since the 1950s, but the sentence was overturned in 2012, and she was resentenced to life without parole in 2014.


1993 Iowa murders, Background
Honken grew up in Britt, Iowa. His father was an alcoholic and bank robber. Honken had been a drug dealer and started cooking meth after studying chemistry at college. Johnson was born in Forest City, Iowa. Honken and Johnson were in a relationship at the time of the murders, and Johnson, who had a child from a previous marriage, was pregnant by Honken.


1993 Iowa murders, Crimes
In July 1993, Johnson posed as a saleswoman to get into the Mason City home of Greg Nicholson, Honken's former drug dealer, who was set to testify against him. Honken forced him to record a statement of Honken's innocence. Nicholson was then taken to the woods along with his girlfriend, Lori Duncan, and her two daughters, Kandi (age 10) and Amber (age 6), where they were shot and buried.


1993 Iowa murders, Crimes
A few months later, the fifth victim, Terry DeGeus, was murdered. The victim was also a dealer for Honken and had previously dated Johnson. The victim was beaten with a bat and shot.


1993 Iowa murders, Crimes
Circuit Judge Roger Leland Wollman, writing for the unanimous court of appeals, described Johnson's participation thusly: "The killings resulted from her substantial participation in the murders; namely, that she procured the murder weapon, participated in the hunt for Nicholson, employed a ruse so that she and Honken could gain entry to the Duncans' residence, bound and gagged at least one of the victims, and exploited her relationship with DeGeus to lure him to the remote location where he was killed."


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Angela Johnson
In 2005, Johnson was found guilty of involvement in the murders, which had all been committed in Iowa. Capital punishment has been abolished in Iowa since 1965, but Johnson was charged under federal law because three of the victims were witnesses in a federal methamphetamine prosecution of Honken. The jury that convicted her handed down four death sentences. The presiding judge stated, "I am troubled by the lack of certainty in the record concerning the precise involvement of Angela Johnson in these crimes". Under federal law, however, the judge is bound by the jury's verdict. In July 2007, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit upheld the conviction, finding sufficient evidence to conclude that Johnson had participated in the murders.


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Angela Johnson
On March 23, 2012, federal judge Mark W. Bennett vacated Johnson's death sentence, citing a failure by her attorneys to introduce evidence about her mental state. The vacating of her death sentences did not affect her convictions in the case. Prosecutors did not pursue another death penalty sentence, so Johnson was re-sentenced to life without parole in December 2014. Federal authorities had stopped pursuing the death penalty for Johnson.


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Angela Johnson
Johnson, Federal Bureau of Prisons #08337-029, is being held at Federal Correctional Institution, Waseca.


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Dustin Honken
Johnson's former boyfriend, Dustin Lee Honken, was convicted of five counts of continuing criminal enterprise murder. Although Honken pulled the trigger, killing three adults and two children, Johnson received the death penalty for four of the victims, while Honken was sentenced to death for only the two children. The unanimous Eighth Circuit affirmed Honken's conviction and sentence in September 2008.


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Dustin Honken
On July 25, 2019, United States Attorney General William Barr approved the use of the single drug pentobarbital for federal executions, and an execution date of January 15, 2020, was set for Honken. On November 20, 2019, U.S. District Judge Tanya S. Chutkan issued a preliminary injunction preventing the resumption of federal executions. Honken and the other three plaintiffs in the case argued that the use of pentobarbital may violate the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994.


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Dustin Honken
On December 5, 2019, the Supreme Court denied a stay of Chutkan's injunction, while the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit reviewed Chutkan's decision. Honken was imprisoned at the United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute.


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Dustin Honken
While in prison, Honken had converted to Catholicism. The Archbishop of Newark, Cardinal Joseph W. Tobin, had written to President Donald Trump in early July 2020 asking him to commute Honken's sentence, claiming that he had witnessed Honken's "spiritual growth in faith and compassion".


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Dustin Honken
In April 2020, a divided panel of the D.C. Circuit vacated District Judge Chutkan's injunction in a per curiam decision. Circuit Judges Gregory G. Katsas and Neomi Rao wrote concurring opinions concluding that Honken may be executed, but for different reasons. Circuit Judge David S. Tatel dissented, arguing the statute explicitly requires the federal government to follow state execution protocols. On June 29, 2020, the Supreme Court denied Honken's petition for review, with Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor dissenting.


1993 Iowa murders, Conviction and sentence, Dustin Honken
On July 17, 2020, at 3:36 p.m. CST, Honken was executed by lethal injection. His final words were, "Hail Mary, Mother of God, pray for me."


1993 Iranian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Iran on 11 June 1993, which resulted in the re-election of the incumbent president, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.


1993 Iranian presidential election
Rafsanjani's vote declined dramatically in comparison to the previous election amid a lower turnout. According to Anoushiravan Ehteshami, "little separated the candidates from each other" and "real choices and real alternatives" were absent. Out of 128 candidates who registered to run, only 4 were approved. The voter turnout was roughly half of all registered voters at 16,796,787. Discontent with the economic situation and voter apathy are the other reasons cited for the relatively low turnout in the election.


1993 Iranian presidential election
United Press International reported an independent survey have found "the bulk of those who stayed away did so because they were displeased with the clergy or did not believe their vote would make any difference to the government."


1993 Iranian presidential election, Campaign
None of the candidates enjoyed comparable stature to the incumbent president.


1993 Iranian presidential election, Campaign
Economic situation was the main issue in the elections. Rafsanjani, whose economic liberalization and privatisation policies were ongoing, said he will concentrate on economics and 'reconstruction effort', despite the deteriorated situation. Economist Ahmad Tavakkoli also ran on a platform of economic reform and more benefits for the working-class.


1993 Iranian presidential election, Campaign
The Freedom Movement and the Nation Party, called  to boycott the election due to "lack of fundamental freedoms and the denial of official recognition to most political parties".


1993 Iranian presidential election, Candidates, Disqualified candidates
The Guardian Council disqualified some candidates who enrolled to run for president, including:


1993 Iraqi Elite Cup
The Third Mother of all Battles Championship (Arabic: بطولة أم المعارك الثالثة), commonly referred to as the 1993 Iraqi Elite Cup (Arabic: كأس النخبة العراقي 1993), was the third occurrence of the Iraqi Elite Cup, organised by the Iraq Football Association. The top six teams of the 1992–93 Iraqi National League competed in the tournament. The competition started on 15 September 1993 and ended on 24 September 1993 where, in the final, held at Al-Shaab Stadium, Al-Talaba defeated Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 2–1.


1993 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1993 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 25 September 1993.


1993 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Daleys Denis won £50,000 and was trained by Brendan Mullan, owned by a syndicate including George Davenport and Patrick Keating and bred by John O'Brien. The race was sponsored by the Kerry Group's dog food product 'Respond'.


1993 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Champion greyhound Farloe Melody was brought out of retirement for a third attempt at the classic and was still respected by the bookmakers who priced him up as 14-1 joint ante-post favourite with Lisglass Lass.


1993 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Farloe Melody won his qualifying round before a Ger McKenna's entry Crestar set the fastest first round time of 30.29. Lisglass Lass won in 30.33 and the 1993 English Greyhound Derby finalist Greenane Squire posted 30.47. A 16-1 shot Paddys Fox provided the big shock of round two beating Carrigeen Blaze and Daleys Denis in a race where Farloe Melody was eliminated. Greenane Squire won again and 1992 Irish Greyhound Derby finalist Radical Prince impressed.


1993 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Under heavy conditions following torrential rain, Lisglass Lass made it no further than the quarter-finals and in the first semi-final a pile up resulted in Radical Prince winning his race by 10 lengths from Daleys Denis and Kenmare Gem in 30.33. The second semi-final resulted in Carrigeen Blaze winning ahead of Drumsna Queen and Ballygroman Bill in 30.20.


1993 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final Daleys Denis, a white and brindle dog, trained by Brendan Mullan was bred in Surrey by John O’Brien. He had won the Hackney Lead but had gone out early in the English Derby before attempting the Irish equivalent. Well backed in the final Daleys Denis took advantage of early leader Carrigeen Blaze moving wide and became the leader himself at the third bend. The gambled favourite Radical Prince was bumped at the first bend by Ballygroman Bill ending his hopes. Daleys Denis held on well with Carrigeen Blaze remaining second to the line.


1993 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Brendan Mullan was the son of Jack Mullan who had trained the Derby winner in 1957 and 1964. Daleys Denis was the first British bred winner of the race (excluding Manx Treasure from the Isle of Man).


1993 Irish Masters
The 1993 Irish Masters was the nineteenth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from 23 to 28 March 1993. The tournament was played at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured twelve professional players.


1993 Irish Masters
Steve Davis won the title for the seventh time, beating Alan McManus 9–4 in the final.


1993 Irish Professional Championship
The 1993 Murphys Irish Professional Championship was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place in January 1993 at Jury's Hotel in Cork, Republic of Ireland.


1993 Irish Professional Championship
Ken Doherty won the title by beating Stephen Murphy 9–2 in the final.


1993 Island Games
The 1993 Island Games were the fifth Island Games, and were held on the Isle of Wight, from July 3 to July 10, 1993.


1993 Israeli presidential election
An election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 24 March 1993, following the end of Chaim Herzog's second five-year term in office.


1993 Israeli presidential election, History
Ezer Weizman, former Israeli Air Force commander and Defense Minister of Israel, ran against Dov Shilansky, a Likud politician. The Knesset elected Weizman, by a majority of 66 to 53 to serve as the next President of Israel. He assumed office on May 13, 1993.


1993 Italian Grand Prix
The 1993 Italian Grand Prix (formally the Pioneer 64° Gran Premio d'Italia) was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 12 September 1993. It was the thirteenth race of the 1993 Formula One World Championship.


1993 Italian Grand Prix
The 53-lap race was won by British driver Damon Hill, driving a Williams-Renault, after he started from second position. Frenchman Jean Alesi finished second in a Ferrari, while American Michael Andretti finished third in a McLaren-Ford, in his final F1 race before returning to IndyCar. Hill's teammate, Frenchman Alain Prost, took pole position and led until suffering an engine failure with five laps to go, allowing Hill to take his third consecutive victory.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
The Williams cars dominated qualifying, locking out the front row of the grid with Alain Prost on pole and Damon Hill alongside him. Jean Alesi took third in his Ferrari; he was joined on the second row by Ayrton Senna in the McLaren. Michael Schumacher in the Benetton and Gerhard Berger in the second Ferrari made up the third row.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
Further down the grid, Pedro Lamy was making his Grand Prix debut for the cash-strapped Lotus outfit, taking the place of the injured Alessandro Zanardi, while the Jordan team, needing a replacement for Thierry Boutsen following the Belgian's retirement from F1, had decided to evaluate Japanese Formula 3000 driver Marco Apicella, after their test driver Emanuele Naspetti had turned down the opportunity to race.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
At the start, Alesi got ahead of a sluggish Hill and Senna tried to do the same, but there was contact between Hill and Senna, resulting in both drivers dropping back, with Senna ending up in 9th and Hill in 10th. Further back, two separate incidents saw five cars eliminated at the first chicane. In the first incident, the Footworks of Derek Warwick and Aguri Suzuki collided and took each other out.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
In the second incident, Sauber driver JJ Lehto, who had to start from the back of the grid, took himself and the Jordans of Rubens Barrichello and Apicella out of the race. Apicella's debut, which would also turn out to be his only Grand Prix start, had lasted no more than 800 metres, unofficially making him the driver with one of the shortest careers in Formula One. Prost led Alesi, Schumacher, Berger, Johnny Herbert and Martin Brundle into lap 2. On lap 4 Schumacher passed Alesi to take second position.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
On lap 8, Senna collided with Brundle's Ligier, putting them both out. Prost's championship ambitions received a major boost with Senna's retirement. Johnny Herbert spun off and hit the tyre barriers at Parabolica as he retired from 5th position since Berger pitted for tyres on lap 15, putting Berger back in 5th position but soon retired from 5th position with suspension problems 1 lap later.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
Hill in the meantime had moved up to fourth place and passed Alesi for third on lap 10, as Blundell in the remaining Ligier like Herbert had clipped the barrier at Parabolica and retired with a left-rear puncture and damaging his left-rear suspension on lap 21 whilst battling Wendlinger for 7th. Before Hill moved up to second on lap 22 when Schumacher's engine failed. At this point, Prost led by nearly 20 seconds, but by lap 48 Hill had reduced this lead to two seconds. Then, on lap 49, five from the end, the Renault engine in Prost's car blew. Hill took his third consecutive win by 40 seconds from Alesi, with Michael Andretti third and Karl Wendlinger, Riccardo Patrese (scoring his final points in F1) and Érik Comas completing the top six.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
The Minardis of Pierluigi Martini and Christian Fittipaldi had approached the chequered flag with Fittipaldi closely following Martini. Fittipaldi's left front wheel made contact with his teammate's right rear wheel, and the contact launched Fittipaldi's car into the air. The car completed a back flip before landing back on its wheels and skidded across the line. Neither driver was hurt and both finished the race without losing a position.


1993 Italian Grand Prix, Report
This was the Williams team's seventh consecutive victory. Prior to the race weekend, Andretti and McLaren mutually agreed to part ways and that this would be his final race with the team. He would be replaced by the team's test driver, Mika Häkkinen. His final Formula One race returned his best result of the season with his third-place finish. By winning in Italy, Hill became the first Formula One driver to take their first three wins at consecutive Grands Prix, a feat only repeated by Mika Häkkinen, though only Hill won all three races in the same year.


1993 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1993 Italian Open was a tennis tournament held in 1994. It was the 50th edition of the Italian Open tennis tournament, and it was part of the Tier I Series of the 1993 WTA Tour and the ATP Super 9 of the 1993 ATP Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The women's tournament was held from 3 May through 9 May 1993 and the men's tournament was held from 10 May through 17 May 1993.


1993 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Jacco Eltingh /  Paul Haarhuis defeated  Wayne Ferreira /  Mark Kratzmann, 6–4, 7–6


1993 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Jana Novotná /  Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated  Mary Joe Fernández /  Zina Garrison-Jackson, 6–4, 6–2


1993 Italian Open – Men's Doubles
Jakob Hlasek and Marc Rosset were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Luke Jensen and Murphy Jensen.


1993 Italian Open – Men's Doubles
Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis won the title by defeating Wayne Ferreira and Mark Kratzmann 6–4, 7–6 in the final.


1993 Italian Open – Men's Singles
The 1993 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on clay courts in Rome, Italy the event was part of the 1993 ATP Tour and 1993 WTA Tour. The men's tournament was held from May 3 to 9. The women's tournament was held from May 10 to May 17, 1993. Jim Courier defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final 6–1, 6–2, 6–2.


1993 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Monica Seles and Helena Suková were the defending champions, but none competed this year. Seles was unable to compete after being stabbed in the back in Hamburg only one week earlier.


1993 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Jana Novotná and Arantxa Sánchez Vicario won the title by defeating Mary Joe Fernández and Zina Garrison-Jackson 6–4, 6–2 in the final.


1993 Italian Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
The first four seeds received a bye to the second round.


1993 Italian Open – Women's Singles
Gabriela Sabatini was the defending champion, but lost in the final to Conchita Martínez. The score was 7–5, 6–1.


1993 Italian Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
The first eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1993 Italian Superturismo Championship
The  1993 Italian Superturismo Championship was the seventh edition. The season began in Monza on 21 March and finished in Mugello on 3 October, after ten rounds. Roberto Ravaglia won the championship, driving a BMW 318i; the German manufacturer won the constructors' championship, while Amato Ferrari won the privateers' trophy.


1993 Italian local elections
The 1993 Italian local elections were held on 6 and 20 June, on 21 November and 5 December. It was the first time where citizens could vote both for the mayor and the city council, as for the provincial president and the provincial council.


1993 Italian local elections
The elections were won by the Democratic Party of the Left, led by Achille Occhetto and his centre-left to left-wing alliance. But the elections were also characterized by a strong aftermath of the Northern League in Northern Italy and the Italian Social Movement in Central and Southern Italy.


1993 Italian local elections
These elections caused the end of the traditional parties which ruled Italy for almost fifty years, like the Christian Democracy, the Socialist Party, the Democratic Socialist Party, the Republican Party and the Liberal Party.


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the twelfth race of the 1993 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 5 September 1993 at the Circuito Internazionale Santa Monica.


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Luca Cadalora received his first pole of the season at his home race, sending the Italian press into a frenzy. He would go on to receive seven more poles in his 500 career. Cadalora got lead at the start from Wayne Rainey and John Kocinski. Kevin Schwantz passed Kocinski and closed in 3rd. Rainey rode aggressively and qualified .021 seconds behind Cadalora.


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Rainey, in the lead, went through the fast right-hander and got on the gas too early. The back end of his bike went out of control, causing him to lowside. As he slid off the track, the deep furrows in the gravel somersaulted him end-over-end and he landed heavily on his head. He was helicoptered away from circuit with a broken spine.


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
“I laid there in the sandtrap. The pain I was feeling was ... unbelievable. It felt like there was a hole in the middle of my chest.”


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Mick Doohan got past Schwantz hoping to catch Cadalora, but was unable to pass him. The Italian fans swarmed the track when Cadalora won.


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
This was the last race of the former champion Freddie Spencer.


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, After the race
“There’s no feeling from the center of his chest down. He’s being held at a hospital near Rimini. He’s in stable condition, and the next 48 hours are going to tell us everything.”


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, After the race
Rainey ended up paralysed from the chest down and would never walk again. However, he stayed in motorcycle racing in management roles and has raced in a hand-control shifter kart, often with his motorcycle racing rival Eddie Lawson. Rainey has raced in the shifter kart exhibition race held at Red Bull United States Grand Prix, which features motorcycle racing legends.


1993 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix, After the race
Grand Prix motorcycle racing did not return to Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli until 2007. By then, the circuit had been modified and rerouted clockwise.


1993 Italian referendum
An eight-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 18 April 1993. Voters were asked whether they approved of the repealing of laws on limiting intervention of local health units in dealing with environmental pollution, limiting the use of medicinal drugs, political party finances, the use of proportional representation in the Senate of Italy and the regulation of public banks, as well as the abolishment the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies, the Ministry of State Holdings, the Ministry of Tourism. All eight proposals were approved with support ranging from 55.3% to 90.3%.


1993 Italian regional elections
Regional elections were held in some regions of Italy during 1993. These included:


1993 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series
The 1993 Ivy League Baseball Championship Series took place at Palmer Field in Middletown, Connecticut on May 8, 1993. It was the first season that the Ivy League sponsored baseball after Army and Navy departed the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League, and as such the first year of the Championship Series. The series matched the regular season champions of each of the league's two divisions. Yale, the winner of the series, claimed their first title and the Ivy League's automatic berth in the 1993 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1993 J.League
The J.League 1993 season was the inaugural season of the J.League Division 1. The league fixtures began on May 15, 1993, and ended on December 15, 1993. The first ever Suntory Championship took place in the following year, January 9 and January 16, 1994.


1993 J.League, Format
In the first year, the league followed split-season format, and each halves (or stages) were known as Suntory Series and NICOS Series for sponsorship purposes. In each series, ten clubs played in double round-robin format, a total of 18 games per club (per series). The games went to golden-goal extra time and penalties if needed after regulation. The clubs were ranked by number of wins, and tie breakers are, in the following order:


1993 J.League, Format
The club that finished at the top of the table is declared stage champion and qualifies for the Suntory Championship. The first stage winner, hosts the first leg in the championship series. If the same club win both stages, the runners-up of each stages plays against each other and the winners challenges the stage winner at the championship game.


1993 J.League, Average attendance
In its first year, the league averaged 17,976 fans and had over 3.2 million fans total over the course of the season. The following chart shows the league ranked in terms of average attendance:


1993 J.League Cup
The 1993 J. League Cup, officially the Yamasaki Nabisco Cup 1993, was the 19th edition of Japan soccer league cup tournament and the second edition under the current J. League Cup format. The championship started on September 10, and finished on November 23, 1993.


1993 J.League Cup Final
1993 J.League Cup Final was the 2nd final of the J.League Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on November 23, 1993. Verdy Kawasaki won the championship.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak
The 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak occurred when the Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterium (originating from contaminated beef patties) killed four children and infected 732 people across four states. The outbreak involved 73 Jack in the Box restaurants in California, Idaho, Washington, and Nevada, and has been described as "far and away the most infamous food poison outbreak in contemporary history." The majority of the victims were under 10 years old. Four children died and 178 other victims were left with permanent injury including kidney and brain damage.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak
On February 10, 1993, newly inaugurated President Bill Clinton participated in a televised town meeting program from the studios of WXYZ-TV in Detroit, Michigan. He fielded questions from the studio audience as well as studio audiences in Miami, Florida, and Seattle, Washington and responded to questions from the parents of Riley Detwiler – the fourth and final child to die in the E. coli outbreak.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak
The wide media coverage and scale of the outbreak were responsible for "bringing the exotic-sounding bacterium out of the lab and into the public consciousness" but it was not the first E. coli O157:H7 outbreak resulting from undercooked patties. The bacterium had previously been identified in an outbreak of food poisoning in 1982 (traced to undercooked burgers sold by McDonald's restaurants in Oregon and Michigan), and before the Jack in the Box incident there had been 22 documented outbreaks in the United States resulting in 35 deaths.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Sources
On January 12, 1993, Dr. Phil Tarr, then a pediatric gastroenterologist at the University of Washington and Seattle's Children's Hospital, filed a report with the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) about a perceived cluster of children with bloody diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) likely caused by E.coli O157:H7. Dr. Tarr contacted Dr. John Kobayashi, the Washington State Epidemiologist, who started the epidemiological trace-back, linking these cases to undercooked hamburger patties.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Sources
Dr. Kobayashi recalled the conversation in an interview: “I knew that, when Phil called me,...for him to say, "this is something that I've never seen before," that was a big red flag.” Health inspectors traced the contamination to Jack in the Box fast food restaurants' "Monster Burger" which had been on a special promotion (using the slogan "So good it's scary!") and sold at a discounted price. The ensuing high demand "overwhelmed" the restaurants, and the product was not cooked for long enough or at a high enough temperature to kill the bacteria.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Sources
On Monday, January 18, 1993, DOH officials went public with an announcement about the source of the O157 outbreak. This news conference took place during the Martin Luther King holiday weekend at the state lab. After that press conference, Jack in the Box agreed to stop serving hamburgers and quarantine the meat. Only two days later, on the same day of President Bill Clinton’s inauguration, a powerful storm swept through the Puget Sound area (Seattle and King County) The storm ravaged the area, knocking out the power for hundreds of thousands of residents across three counties, some living in the dark for five days. The power outage would impact proper cooking temperatures, proper refrigeration temperatures, and even proper hand-washing – all critical factors in preventing foodborne illnesses.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Sources
At a 1993 press conference the president of Foodmaker (the parent company of Jack in the Box) blamed Vons Companies (supplier of their hamburger meat) for the E. coli epidemic. However, the Jack in the Box fast-food chain knew about but disregarded Washington state laws which required burgers to be cooked to 155 °F (68 °C), the temperature necessary to completely kill E. coli. Instead, it adhered to the federal standard of 140 °F (60 °C).


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Sources
Had Jack in the Box followed the state cooking standard, the outbreak would have been prevented, according to court documents and experts from the Washington State Health Department. Subsequent investigation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified five slaughterhouses in the United States and one in Canada as "the likely sources of ... the contaminated lots of meat." In February 1998, Foodmaker agreed to accept $58.5 million from Vons and eight other beef suppliers to settle the lawsuit started in 1993.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Sources
A total of 171 people required hospitalization. The majority of the victims who presented symptoms and were clinically diagnosed (but not hospitalized) were children under 10 years old.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Sources
Of the infected children 45 required hospitalization – 38 suffered serious kidney problems and 21 required dialysis.


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Legacy
Sen. Richard Durbin (D-IL), addressing a congressional hearing on food safety in 2006, described the outbreak as "a pivotal moment in the history of the beef industry." James Reagan, vice president of Research and Knowledge Management at the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA), said that the outbreak was "significant to the industry" and "the initiative that moved us further down the road [of food safety] and still drives us today."


1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak, Legacy
David Acheson, a former U.S. Food and Drug Administration Associate Commissioner for Foods, recently told Retro Report that "Jack in the Box was a wakeup call to many, including the regulators. You go in for a hamburger with the kids and you could die. It changed consumers' perceptions and it absolutely changed the behaviors of the industry."


1993 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation
The 1993 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation (Chinese: 1993年度十大勁歌金曲頒獎典禮) was held on January 1994. It is part of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation series held in Hong Kong.


1993 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation, Top 10 song awards
The top 10 songs (十大勁歌金曲) of 1993 are as follows.


1993 Jamaican general election
General elections were held in Jamaica on 30 March 1993. The result was a victory for the People's National Party, which won 52 of the 60 seats. Voter turnout was 67.4%.


1993 James Hardie 12 Hour
The 1993 James Hardie 12 Hour was an endurance race for production cars staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales on 11 April 1993.


1993 James Hardie 12 Hour, Class structure, Class A
Class A : Touring Cars Under 1800cc - featured a battle between Toyota Corolla and smaller, lighter Suzuki Swift.


1993 James Hardie 12 Hour, Class structure, Class B
Class B : Touring Cars 1801- 2500cc - was made up of a variety of cars, Citroën BX, Hyundai Lantra, Mazda 323, Nissan Pintara and Nissan Pulsar


1993 James Hardie 12 Hour, Class structure, Class C
Class C : Touring Cars 2501-4000cc - a class intended for six cylinder Ford Falcon and Holden Commodore saw an influx of naturally aspirated sports cars, Honda NSX and Porsche 968 which were expected to be outright threats.


1993 James Hardie 12 Hour, Class structure, Class D
Class D : Touring Cars Over 4000cc - featured V8 powered Ford Falcon and Holden Commodore with the production car version of the Holden touring car expected to be fastest.


1993 James Hardie 12 Hour, Class structure, Class S
Class S : Sports Cars Under 2200cc - was dominated by Toyota MR2 but also contained Honda CRX and Nissan NX.


1993 James Hardie 12 Hour, Class structure, Class T
Class T : Turbo and 4WD Cars - mixed class featuring small turbos, Ford Laser, Hyundai Scoupe and Mitsubishi Lancer but also larger Mitsubishi Galant and Subaru Liberty but was largely dominated by larger sports cars, Lotus Esprit, Nissan Skyline GT-R, Toyota Supra and in particular the factory supported team of Mazda RX-7s.


1993 Japan Football League, Division 1, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Fujita won the championship.


1993 Japan Football League, Division 2, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and Honda won the championship.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo in Japan that was part of the Championship Series of the 1993 ATP Tour and of Tier III of the 1993 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 5 April through 11 April 1993. Pete Sampras and Kimiko Date won the singles titles.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Ken Flach /  Rick Leach defeated  Glenn Michibata /  David Pate 2–6, 6–3, 6–4


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Ei Iida /  Maya Kidowaki defeated  Li Fang /  Kyoko Nagatsuka 6–2, 4–6, 6–4


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
Kelly Jones and Rick Leach were the defending champions, but competed this year with different partners.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
Jones teamed up with Paul Annacone and lost in the second round to Scott Davis and Jared Palmer.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
Leach teamed up with Ken Flach and successfully defended his title, by defeating Glenn Michibata and David Pate 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
The first four seeds received a bye to the second round.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Jim Courier was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jonathan Stark.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Pete Sampras won the title by defeating Brad Gilbert 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 in the final. By doing so, Sampras clinches the World No. 1 spot for the first time in his career.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The first eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
Rika Hiraki and Amy Frazier were the defending champions, but Frazier did not compete this year. Hiraki teamed up with Karina Habšudová, but were defaulted in their first round match.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
Ei Iida and Maya Kidowaki won the title by defeating Li Fang and Kyōko Nagatsuka 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 in the final.


1993 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
Kimiko Date was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, by defeating Stephanie Rottier 6–1, 6–3 in the final.


1993 Japan Series
The 1993 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1993 season. It was the 44th Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champion Seibu Lions against the Central League champion Yakult Swallows. This was the fourth consecutive Japan Series appearance for Seibu and the second consecutive championship contested between the two clubs, with Seibu taking the crown the year before. Played at Seibu Lions Stadium and Meiji Jingu Stadium, the Swallows defeated the Lions four games to three in the best-of-seven series to win the franchise's 2nd Japan Series title. Yakult pitcher Kenjiro Kawasaki was named Most Valuable Player of the series. The series was played between October 23 and November 1 with home field advantage going to the Pacific League.


1993 Japan national football team
This page records the details of the Japan national football team in 1993.


1993 Japan rugby union tour of Argentina
The 1993 Japan rugby union tour of Argentina was a series of matches played in May 1993 in Argentina by Japan national rugby union team.


1993 Japan rugby union tour of Wales
The 1993 Japan rugby union tour of Wales was a series of matches played in September and October 1993 in Wales by Japan national rugby union team.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match
During the final match of the final qualification round for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Japan and Iraq played to a 2–2 draw in Doha, Qatar. If Japan had won the match, they would have qualified for the World Cup for the first time. Instead, Japan finished third in the AFC qualification and arch-rival South Korea qualified instead.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match
The Japanese media refers to the match as the "Agony of Doha" (Japanese: ドーハの悲劇, romanized: Dōha no higeki), whereas the South Korean media, due to the country's national football team only qualifying as a last minute result of this match, refers to it as the "Miracle of Doha" (Korean: 도하의 기적, romanized: Dohaui gijeok).


1993 Japan v Iraq football match
The failure to qualify and the dramatic way in which it happened caused great disappointment for Japanese fans. Football had become wildly popular in Japan with the launch of the professional J. League earlier that year and the team had never been this close to qualifying for the World Cup. Although Japan has since qualified for six consecutive World Cup finals (even co-hosting one), team members from this match are still known as "Class of Doha" (ドーハ組, Dōha gumi) and "Never forget Doha" (ドーハを忘れるな, Dōha o wasureruna) remains a rallying cry for fans.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Leading up to the match
Six nations (Japan, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and North Korea) competed in the final round of Asian zone qualifying for two places in the 1994 World Cup finals in the United States. The six finalists played each other in Doha, Qatar in a round robin format of matches held between 15 and 28 October 1993. After four rounds of matches and with one match remaining for each team, the standings looked as follows.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Leading up to the match
(Win = 2 points, draw = 1 point, loss = 0 points; tie broken by goal difference)


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Leading up to the match
In the 4th round of matches, Japan defeated South Korea 1-0 taking first place in the standings going into the final match. Although just one point separated the 1st and 5th spots and only North Korea had been eliminated, Japan would have qualified for the finals with a win regardless of any other results. Japan still would have qualified with a draw as long as either South Korea or Saudi Arabia failed to win its last match and Iran did not defeat Saudi Arabia by more than four goals.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Final match
The match was held on 28 October 1993, simultaneously with the other 5th round matches, South Korea versus North Korea and Saudi Arabia versus Iran, held in other venues in Doha.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Final match
Japan took the lead first on a first half goal by Kazuyoshi Miura, but Iraq equalized just prior to half time. Japan again took the lead with a goal from Masashi Nakayama. The 2-1 score stood as the match approached the 90th minute.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Final match
The matches at the other venues had ended earlier, with South Korea beating North Korea 3-0 and Saudi Arabia beating Iran 4-3. This meant Japan would have to hold onto the score in order to qualify for the World Cup, the combination of results eliminating South Korea.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Final match
However, Japan gave the ball up to Iraq, and just after the match entered stoppage time, Jaffar Omran Salman of Iraq scored a goal from a corner kick, tying the score at 2-2. The referee blew the final whistle and finished the match moments after this, eliminating both teams.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Results
After the final round of matches, the standings looked as follows:


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Results
Saudi Arabia took first place with its 4–3 victory over Iran. Japan and South Korea were even on points, but South Korea held the goal difference advantage after the three-goal victory over North Korea, and won the tiebreaker.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Results
During the final round of the Asian qualifiers, South Korea won the match against Iran (3–0), but tied in subsequent matches against Iraq (2–2) and Saudi Arabia (1–1), and lost a match against Japan (0–1). Had Japan won this match against Iraq, South Korea would have been eliminated even if they won the match against North Korea held on the same day. But as Japan and Iraq tied in the last minute, Japan was eliminated instead, and South Korea was qualified, making the South Korean media naming the result a miracle.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Results
Manager Marius Johan Ooft was fired weeks after the match, and the elimination from the tournament effectively ended World Cup aspirations for the majority of the team, most notably the midfield general Ruy Ramos. Only two Japanese players who appeared in the match, Nakayama and Masami Ihara, would go on to appear in Japan's 1998 FIFA World Cup squad.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Results
However, the disheartening result would serve as an inspiration in future World Cup qualification campaigns, and to this day, Doha no higeki is invoked by the Japanese media and fans.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Aftermath
Japan, after missing the 1994 edition, eventually qualified for 1998 FIFA World Cup, before hosting the 2002 FIFA World Cup automatically along with their rivals South Korea. The South Koreans dramatically beat Portugal, Italy and Spain and ended in 4th place while Japan were eliminated in the Round of 16. Both teams lost to Turkey. It was the first time ever for both teams to reach the knockout phase.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Aftermath
They also qualified for every single FIFA World Cup edition since then (up to 2018), reaching the Round of 16 in 2010 and 2018, only to be eliminated in dramatic fashion both times: losing to Paraguay in 2010 in the penalty shoot-out and to Belgium in 2018 by 3-2 after conceding in the fourth minute of the stoppage time after the Belgians set up a counter-attack following a Japanese corner kick. Also in that match, Japan was winning by 2-0 until the 69th minute.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Aftermath
For Iraq, this failure is just one part of the much larger World Cup drought. In comparison to increasing success of the Japanese side, Iraq has repeatedly missed the opportunity to qualify for every World Cup, and, as for the recent 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification, Iraq had only qualified for the 1986 edition. In addition, sectarian conflicts and internal turmoil have prevented Iraq from achieving a greater status in Asian football. Since this game as well, Iraq has never beaten Japan in a competitive match, be it friendlies or major competitions since 1982, the last time Iraq won. Iraq also suffered a losing streak to Japan since this game, starting with a 1–4 defeat in 2000 AFC Asian Cup (which was Japan's first win over Iraq), until 2017 when Iraq drew Japan 1–1 to end the country's losing streak.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Aftermath, Japan in neutral site qualifiers
Beginning with qualifiers for the 1998 World Cup, AFC has used home-and-away round robin format for its final qualifying round, instead of the single-venue format used in 1993. However, in two of the subsequent World Cup qualifying campaigns, Japan has determined its World Cup fate in neutral site matches.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Aftermath, Japan in neutral site qualifiers
In 1997, Japan and Iran finished 2nd in their respective qualifying groups for the 1998 edition, and met in the 3rd place match on 16 November 1997, in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The match would decide the 3rd and last automatic qualifier from Asia and the loser would face Australia in a two-legged playoff. Unlike the match four years before, Japan fell behind in the second half, but scored a late equalizer and won 3-2 on a golden goal in extra time, earning the nation its first trip to the World Cup. This match was tagged "Joy of Johor Bahru" (ジョホールバルの歓喜, Johōrubaru no kanki) in reference to the Agony of Doha.


1993 Japan v Iraq football match, Aftermath, Japan in neutral site qualifiers
On 8 June 2005, Japan beat North Korea 2-0 to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Although this match was scheduled as a home match for North Korea, it was moved to Bangkok, Thailand as punishment for crowd violence in a previous match held in Pyongyang, and was played in an empty stadium.


1993 Japan women's national football team
This page records the details of the Japan women's national football team in 1993.


1993 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship
The 1993 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship was scheduled over 11 rounds and contested over 9 rounds. 22 different teams, 30 different drivers, 3 different chassis and 3 different engines competed.


1993 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, Calendar
All rounds took place at venues located within the country of Japan.


1993 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, Calendar
The weekend in Fuji with the race cancelled on September, 5 saw only practice and qualification sections.


1993 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, Final point standings, Driver
For every race points were awarded: 9 points to the winner, 6 for runner-up, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. No additional points were awarded. The best 6 results count. One driver had a point deduction, which is given in ().


1993 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, Final point standings, Driver
Kazuyoshi Hoshino became champion on countback as they had 2 wins while Eddie Irvine only had 1.