1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, First Test
Australian second-row forward Bob Lindner broke his right leg during the second half of the game. Neither English referee John Holdsworth, nor the touch judges, saw Kiwi front rower Peter Brown deliberately knock the ball from Lindner's hands as he was lying on the ground in pain. Despite Lindner lying on the ground crying out in pain, Holdsworth ruled play-on believing the Australian second rower had simply lost the ball. The Kiwis then swept the ball out to the left, where winger Richie Blackmore beat a Dale Shearer tackle to score.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, First Test
Champion pivot Wally Lewis played the last of his 34 tests for Australia as age and injuries were finally catching up with the 31-year-old 1986 Kangaroos captain, though he went close to scoring in the second half but was held up over the line by a desperate Gary Freeman. It was also the last of 19 tests for veteran Aussie prop forward Steve Roach, while fullback Paul Hauff played his only test match after the Kiwis exposed the tall fullback's problem handling balls around his feet with constant grubber kicks on the greasy surface.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, First Test
The Kiwis' game plan was to avoid using the bomb as Hauff and wingers Dale Shearer and Andrew Ettingshausen (also noted fullbacks) were considered safe under the high ball, and it worked to perfection. On debut, Canberra and Queensland hooker Steve Walters was one of Australia's best in a losing side, scoring his team's only try with a determined drive from dummy half midway through the first half.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, First Test
Lewis, Hauff and 16-test veteran Dale Shearer were widely touted never to play for Australia again after poor performances. Shearer missed two tackles on Kiwi winger Richie Blackmore in the second half; the first allowed him to make a 30-metre break down the touchline before passing to Man of the match Jarrod McCracken who dived over for the Kiwis' first try despite a last-ditch tackle from Ettingshausen who had raced across from the far wing. Later Shearer failed to stop Blackmore only five metres from his line, letting the winger in for New Zealand's second try. Shearer had also bombed a try early in the first half: after receiving a pass from Meninga and making a break down the left wing he chip kicked but dropped over Frano Botica but the ball was over the line as he attempted to catch it.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, First Test
The opening tackle of the game saw an accidental head clash between Steve Roach and Kiwi second rower Dean Lonergan which left Lonergan convulsing on the ground (he would recover and finish the game) while Roach received a cut which needed eight stitches.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, First Test
Both captains, first Gary Freeman and then Mal Meninga, were sent to the sin-bin in the second half by English referee Holdsworth.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Second Test
The attendance of 34,911 at the Sydney Football Stadium was the largest for a test match in Australia since 1977.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Second Test
The Australians, with a new-look side including six new faces following the first test loss (three of them on debut), ran in eight tries to nil to level the series at one all with a resounding 44-0 win. Illawarra Steelers winger Rod Wishart became the second player from the club to represent Australia after Queensland winger Alan McIndoe, and scored a try on debut. Wishart, like his coach Bob Fulton, was an Illawarra region junior where he played for Gerringong where he was coached by long serving Parramatta, NSW and Australian goal kicking centre Mick Cronin.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Second Test
Australia's other winger on debut was Brisbane Broncos 1990 Rookie of the Year Willie Carne, who also scored a try in a confident display. With Australia going into the match with two specialist wingers, Andrew Ettingshausen was moved from the wing to his preferred fullback spot for his first test in the position after playing nine of his previous ten tests on the flank. The other player on debut was Eastern Suburbs front row forward Craig Salvatori who replaced Balmain's Steve Roach.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Second Test
Recalled Australian five-eight Peter Jackson, and Kiwi centre Jarrod McCracken were both sent off in the first half for fighting following a high tackle on Wishart by Kiwi five-eighth Dave Watson. After scoring 24 points in the first test, New Zealand's only scoring opportunity in the game was a missed penalty goal by Frano Botica in the first half, Australia's defence remaining rock solid while their attack, led by Allan Langer, Laurie Daley and man of the match Bradley Clyde, ran riot.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Third Test
The third and final match of the 1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, played at Brisbane's Lang Park, also doubled as a 1989–1992 Rugby League World Cup tournament match.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Third Test
Carrying on from their 44–0 win in Sydney only a week before, the Australians, who went into the match with an unchanged lineup, ran in seven tries to two, defeating New Zealand 40–12 to win the World Cup points.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Third Test
Australian captain Mal Meninga broke the Australian test point-scoring record of Michael Cronin (201 points) with his first-half try. Meninga justified coach Bob Fulton's decision for his captain to be the team's goal kicker when he landed 14/20 for the series, despite the addition of goal-kicking winger Rod Wishart to the team from the second test. Wishart had kicked 33 of 43 goals (76.7%) for the Steelers in the 1991 Winfield Cup before making his test debut, while Meninga had kicked 34 of 60 goals (56.6%) for his side Canberra.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Third Test
Giant Penrith back row forward Mark Geyer, playing in what would prove to be his last test match, was named as Man of the Match.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Aftermath
Following the 1991 NSWRL season, the Kangaroos embarked on their first (and as of 2017, only) Tour of Papua New Guinea. The Kangaroos would win all 5 games played on the tour including the two tests against Papua New Guinea.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Aftermath
Australia went on to finish undefeated in World Cup pool play, with eight victories. New Zealand finished third, equal with Great Britain on points, with five wins and three losses, but behind on points differential.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Aftermath
In the 1992 World Cup Final, held in front of an international record 73,631 fans at the famous Wembley Stadium in London, England, Australia defeated Great Britain 10–6 to win their seventh Rugby League World Cup.


1991 Trans-Tasman Test series, Aftermath
New Zealand would next defeat Australia in the 1998 Anzac Test at the North Harbour Stadium in Auckland. They would not defeat them in a series until defeating them 24-0 in the 2005 Tri-Nations Final at the Elland Road stadium in Leeds, England.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum
The 1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum took place on December 1, 1991, on the same day as the Ukrainian independence referendum and the first presidential elections in Ukraine. The question of the referendum was "On the granting Transcarpathian region status of an autonomous province within Ukraine" .


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum
The vast majority taking part in the referendum voted for the "Independence of Ukraine" (90.13%), and accession of Transcarpathia to Ukraine with the status of a "Special self-governing territory" (78%). The high turnout at the referendums (700,555).


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum
Before becoming a part of the Soviet Union on January 30, 1946, Carpathian Ruthenia (the historical name of the region) was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, earlier it was the self-declared independent Republic of Carpatho-Ukraine for a short time after gaining an autonomous status within Czechoslovakia, in accordance with the Constitutional Act 326 \ 1938 of November 22, 1938 .


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
The legislation of the USSR on the procedure of secession of a Soviet Republic from the Union with regard to the legal sociological dispute, continuing around the results of the referendum of December 1, 1991, it was held at a time when factually and legally existed the state of USSR, and its legal framework remained in force. Therefore, strictly legally, decisions and actions within the existing at the time legal field can be regarded as legitimate.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
This fact implies that the secession of any republic from the USSR had to be carried out only in accordance with the Law of the USSR of April 3, 1990 -  The article №3 of the Act states that: " In the Federal Republic, on the territory of which there are places of compact residence of national groups that make up the majority of the population of the area, when determining the outcome of the referendum, the results of voting in these localities are accounted for separately."


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
Part 7 of Article 17 of the Act also stipulates that in the event of secession of the republic from the USSR, there should be agreed status of the territories that do not belong to the seceding republic at the time of its accession to the Soviet Union.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
It is well known that the process of Ukraine's accession to the Soviet Union began on December 30, 1922, and finalized in May 1925, when the IX All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets adopted a new text of the Constitution of the USSR, and on that date the Republic Subcarpathian Rus was part of the first Czechoslovak Republic.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
On 2 November 1938, as the result of the First Vienna Award parts of Czechoslovakia - Southern Slovakia and a part of Carpathian Ruthenia - were returned to Hungary, an area amounting to 11,927 km² and a population of 869,299 (86.5% of which were Hungarians according to the 1941 census). Between 5 November and 10 November, Hungarian armed forces peacefully occupied the newly transferred territories.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
In March 1939, the Czecho-Slovak Republic was dissolved, Germany invaded it, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was established. On 14 March, Slovakia declared itself to be an independent state. On 15 March, Carpatho-Ukraine declared itself to be an independent state. Hungary rejected the independence of Carpatho-Ukraine and, between 14 March and 18 March, Hungarian armed forces occupied the rest of Carpathian Ruthenia and ousted the government of Avgustyn Voloshyn. The Hungarians controlled the region until The Red Army ejected them in 1944. Subcarpathian Rus became part of the Soviet Union from the date of exchange of instruments of ratification of the Treaty from June 29, 1945 "On Transcarpathian Ukraine".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
The interim, unelected National Assembly, appointed by decree of the President of the Czechoslovakia Eduard Benes, ratified the Treaty on November 22, 1945, and, accordingly, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ratified it by its Decree on November 27, 1945.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
Consequently, in accordance with Part 7 of Art. 17 of the Law of the USSR "On the procedure of secession ..." of April 3, 1990, Ukraine has been obliged to include in the ballot of the referendum of December 1, 1991, on the territory of Subcarpathian Rus, second question about the choice of the state affiliation of population of "the territory of the Rusyns to the south of the Carpathians".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Prelude
(All this applies equally to the Western Ukraine (see Law of the USSR "On the inclusion of the Western Ukraine into the USSR ..." from November 1, 1939 (today Volyn, Drogobych, Lviv, Rivne, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil region, and respectively Bukovina (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 2, 1940)


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
M. Y. Voloshuk, chairman of the Transcarpathian Regional Council, initiated a regional referendum on granting the region the status of an autonomous republic within Ukraine .


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
On the first of October 1991 * (second column of the fourth paragraph) Regional Council adopts the Declaration "On the proclamation of Transcarpathia an autonomous province" .


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Based on tradition, identity, an inalienable right to the eternal desire of the multinational population of Transcarpathia to self-determination:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
On the basis of the right to self-determination under the UN Charter and other international legal instruments, and guided by universal values and norms of equality of nations enshrined in the Declaration of Human Rights, the Helsinki Agreement, the Charter of Paris for a New Europe;


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Implementing declarations on the state sovereignty of Ukraine and Act of Independence of Ukraine; Acknowledging Transcarpathia an integral part of independent Ukraine;


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Based on the supremacy of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine;Seeking to ensure the right to national-cultural autonomy of all national groups in conjunction with the regional, national and local self-government;


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Guaranteeing equal opportunities of participation in management of state and public affairs to representatives of all nationalities, regardless of their participation in political parties, movements, religious beliefs, type and nature of occupation, place and time of residence in the province under the Constitution and laws of Ukraine; Caring for the preservation and development of good-neighborly relations with all regions of Ukraine and other sovereign republics;


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Rejecting any encroachment on the territorial integrity or attempts to change the borders at the expense or benefit of Transcarpathia, contraposition it to other regions of Ukraine;In an effort to increase and make better use of the unique natural and economic potential for the benefit of the people, to stop the irreversible changes in the spiritual development, the environment and demographic sphere, the regional Council of People's Deputies declares Transcarpathia an autonomous region as part of an independent democratic state - Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
This Declaration shall enter into force after its approval by the population of Transcarpathia at a regional referendum.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
The Declaration is put for discussion at the session on a proposal from the City of Mukachevo, Mukachevo district, Beregovo district Soviets.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
«The decision of the seventh session of the 21 convocation on the status of Transcarpathia as part of independent Ukraine»


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
For an objective consideration of the status of Transcarpathia as part of independent Ukraine, the seventh session of the 21 convocation of the Transcarpathian Regional Council decided to set up an appropriate commission.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
On the status of Transcarpathia as part of independent UkraineHaving considered the question of the status of Transcarpathia as part of an independent Ukraine, the regional Council of People's Deputies decided:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
1. Noting the critical importance of the issue and the need for its comprehensive study, to set up a commission (the list of the committee members is attached).


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
2. The Commission is to publish a justification of the status of Transcarpathia in the press, and after analyzing the results of its pan-regional discussions, to submit their proposals on the matter to the regional executive committee until December 30, 1991.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
3. To put forward the question on the status of Transcarpathia at a regional referendum in accordance with the Law "On All-Ukrainian and local referendums."


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
The commission included distinguished representatives of various public organizations, institutions, denominations, communities, trade unions and nationalities.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
It represented various political forces in the region, such as, for example, the "Movement", "Democratic Party of Ukraine", "Ukrainian Republican Party".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Representatives of national public organizations of residents of Transcarpathia: "Roma", "Society of social and economic development of the Romanians in Transcarpathia named after Cosbuk", "Society of Germans "Revival ", "Society of Hungarian culture KMKS", "Society of Carpathian Rusyns", "Society of Slovaks."


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Commissioners from religious organizations: "Mukachevo-Uzhgorod Orthodox diocese," "Pentecostal church", "a Roman Catholic religious community", "Mukachevo Greek Catholic diocese," "Reformed Church".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
Public organizations of cultural and national orientation represented "Afghan war veterans", Society "Memorial", "Transcarpathian branch of the Writers' Union of Ukraine", regional organization of the society "Prosvita", "Society of the Ukrainian language named after Taras Shevchenko "Prosvita".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
1 ADAM Yosip Ivanovic, co-chair of the Roma community "Roma".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
2 ADAM Aladar Evgenievich, co-chair of the Roma community "Roma"


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
3 BED Victor, MP, Chairman of the Transcarpathian regional organization "The People's Movement of Ukraine".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
4 GABOR Ivan Ivanovich, the deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of Tyachiv region.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
5 GEREVICH Ivan Ivanovich, the deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of Beregovo district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
7 HORVAT Vasily Vasilievich, deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of Mukachevo district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
9 GRECHANINOV Viktor Fedorovich, deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of Afghan war veterans.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
10 GUZOV Mikhail Mikhailovich, deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of Rakhiv district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
12 DUMNICH Mihail Vasilevich, representative of the Regional Council of Independent Trade Unions.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
13. ZADIRAKA Valentina Dmitrievna, representative of the Velykyi Bereznyi district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
14. ZILGALOV Vasiliy Alekseevich, chairman of the regional organization "Memorial".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
15. ILYASH Ivan Ivanovich, the deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of Vynohradiv district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
16. KAINZ Emelyan Ivanovich, chairman of the Society of Germans "Revival."


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
17. KEMENYASH Georgy Georgiyovich, the deputy of the regional council, representative of Svalyava district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
19. MADYAR Ivan Mikhailovich, deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of the district Irshava.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
21. MARINA Vasily Vasilievich, deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of society of social and economic development of the Romanians in Transcarpathia named after Cosbuc.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
22. MISHANICH Fedor Vasilievich, chairman of the regional organization of the Democratic Party of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
23. MILOVAN Sandor, representative of the Roman Catholic religious community.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
24. MOKRYANIN Ivan Mikhailovich, deputy of the regional Council, representative of the district Mizhgirya.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
25. POP Vasily Stepanovich, Chairman of the Transcarpathian branch of the Writers' Union of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
27. TIVODAR Michail Petrovic, deputy of the Regional Council, Ph.D..


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
28. TURJANYTSA Ivan Mikhailovich, professor, representative of the Society of Carpathian Rusyns.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
29. USTICH Sergei Ivanovich, Vice Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
30. FEDAKA Pavel Mikhailovich, chairman of the regional organization of society "Prosvita".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
31. FEER Petr Ivanovich, the deputy of the Regional Council, the representative of the Khust district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
32. FODOV Sandor Loyshovich, the deputy of the Regional Council, Chairman of the Society of Hungarian culture.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
34. TSURKO Ivan Emerihovich, deputy of the regional Council, a representative of Uzhgorod district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
35. CHUCHKA Pavel Pavlovich - chairman of the Society of Ukrainian language "Prosvita", named afterTaras Shevchenko.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
36. SHEREGIY Vasily Miroslavovich, a representative of the regional board of Ukrainian Republican Party.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum
37. SCHERBA Yemelyan Stanislavovich, member of the Regional Council, the representative of Perechyn district.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
In accordance with the requirement of Article 21 of the Ukrainian law, as amended in 1991, "On national and local referendums", the local Council of People's Deputies after receiving a properly drawn up proposal (on the status of Transcarpathia), had to make one of three decisions:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
3. On solving the issue at the session, as not requiring a referendum


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
The session decided to call a referendum, determine the date and content of the question put forward at the referendum. Announcement to call a referendum, its subject and date was published in the local media.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
In accordance with Articles 125, 131 of the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR, Articles 13, 14, 21, 22 of the Law of the USSR "On national and local referendums", Regional Council of People's Deputies decided:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
1. To announce that regional referendum on the status of Transcarpathia as part of an independent Ukraine would be held on Sunday, December 1, 1991.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
2. To assign the responsibilities of the regional, city (towns of regional subordination), district and precinct election committees on holding the regional referendum, accordingly to the existing regional, city (towns of regional subordination) and district electoral commissions on elections of deputies of local councils of people's deputies, the district commissions on elections of President of Ukraine and a nationwide referendum.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
Based on the fact that the regional referendum would be held simultaneously with the presidential elections in Ukraine and the nationwide referendum, and share the precinct commissions, to consider inappropriate to involve in conducting regional referendum electoral commissions of villages (towns of regional subordination), and village commissions on elections of deputies of the respective Soviets of People's Deputies .


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
3. To approve the content and form of the voting ballot for the regional referendum of December 1, 1991.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
4. To instruct the Regional Commission for the Referendum and the Regional Executive Committee develop and implement the necessary organizational and technical measures for the regional referendum of December 1, 1991.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
5. To publish in the media the decision to call a regional referendum on the status of Transcarpathia as part of independent Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
Ballot text adopted at the seventh session of the Transcarpathian Regional Council from October 31, 1991:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
The seventh session of the Transcarpathian Regional Council adopted and approved the text and the size of the Ballot in accordance with the requirements of the legislation


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
Do you wish that Transcarpathia obtained the status of an autonomous territory as a subject within independent Ukraine and not part of any other administrative and territorial formations?


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Date announcement
The Ballot, in which both of the words, "Yes" and "No" or neither of the words are crossed out during the vote, is nullified.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
On the eve of the referendum (November 6, 1991), in the official organ of the Transcarpathian Regional Council of People's Deputies was published "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine" adopted by the "Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine" on November 1, 1991.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
To convince inhabitants of the region that the "Ukrainian State guarantees all peoples, national groups and citizens living on its territory equal political, economic, social and cultural rights ... Ukrainian State guarantees its citizens ... in the regions densely populated by several ethnic groups that along with the state Ukrainian language may function language acceptable to the entire population of the area."


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) of Ukraine on the basis of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine, the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the international covenants on human rights and freedoms, ratified by Ukraine


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Aspiring to the sacred principles of freedom, humanism, social justice, equality of all ethnic groups of the Ukrainian people in an independent, democratic Ukraine,


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Taking into account that in the territory of Ukraine live more than 100 nationalities, who together with Ukrainians comprise fifty-two million people of Ukraine, adopts the following Declaration of the Rights of Nationalities in Ukraine:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Ukrainian State guarantees all peoples, national groups and citizens living on its territory equal political, economic, social and cultural rights. Representatives of the peoples and national groups are elected on an equal basis to public authorities at all levels, occupy any position in government, enterprises, institutions and organizations. Discrimination based on nationality is prohibited and punishable by law.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Ukrainian State guarantees all nationalities the right to maintain their traditional settlement and ensures the existence of the national administrative units, assumes the responsibility to create appropriate conditions for the development of national languages and cultures.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Ukrainian State guarantees all peoples and ethnic groups the right to freely use their native language in all spheres of public life, including education, manufacturing, receiving and disseminating information. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine interprets Article 3 of the Law "On Languages in the Ukrainian SSR" so that within the administrative-territorial units, densely populated by a specific nationality, can function its language on a par with the state language.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Ukrainian state provides to its citizens the right to free use of the Russian language. In areas densely populated by several ethnic groups, along with the state Ukrainian language can function language acceptable to the entire population of the area.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
All Ukrainian citizens of every nationality are guaranteed the right to practice their religion, to use their national symbols, to celebrate their national holidays, to participate in traditional rituals of their people.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Monuments of history and culture of the peoples and national groups on the territory of Ukraine are protected by law.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
Ukrainian State guarantees all nationalities the right to create their own cultural centers, societies, communities, associations. These organizations can carry out activities aimed at the development of national culture, to hold public events in the manner prescribed by law, to promote the establishment of national newspapers, magazines, publishing houses, museums, art groups, theaters, film studios.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Publication of the "Declaration of Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine"
National cultural centers and societies, representatives of national minorities have the right to free contacts with their historical homeland.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
On November 20, 1991, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Ukrainian presidential candidate Leonid Kravchuk arrived in Transcarpathia. On the Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Regional Council gathered on this occasion, Leonid Kravchuk made a speech.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
In his speech, he emphasized the delicacy of the referendum issue and urged the assembled deputies to amend the text of the ballot. First of all, it was offered to replace the term "autonomy" with "self-governing territory."


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
Given the situation, Transcarpathian region could be granted a special status of self-governing territory. This area independently solves their cultural, language problems, the nature of the election of authorities, economic affairs. Of course, in accordance with the laws of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
If you replace the word "autonomy" in the Ballot with "special self-governing territory", in this case, I will support you. Otherwise, he said, there will be all sorts of problems, including legal.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
So, it seems to me, stressed Leonid Makarovych, if this region is given such a special status, by this act is absorbed a number of problems - economic, national linguistic, cultural, political, and others. And, most importantly, it is to be compatible with the Constitution, our laws ...


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
It will not be someone's wish. This status will be valid, have a legislative power, it will be part of the Constitution .. This means that the future of this region will not depend on the good or bad presidents, on good or bad prime ministers. This would open the path to full self-realization. What is the difference between autonomy and special status of self-governing territory?


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
When talking about autonomy, said the Chairman of the Parliament (Verkhovna Rada), it is necessary to define what is this autonomy: the national and cultural, or regional, or republican, or possibly some other autonomy. There is autonomy in general, it has some specific form. And this specific form in the regional ballot has not been determined. If we are talking about the autonomy of the state, then the formation of further 10-12, or possibly 20 state and political structures in Ukraine (as, say, autonomies in Russia at the moment) could initiate interstate, inter-autonomous problems.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
And the status of a self-governing territory gives it the full right to dispose of its wealth, its resources, its economic, cultural and national issues.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
The main thing is that it is not a state, but a self-governing structure. And the state is only one - the state of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
The decision of the extraordinary eighth session of the Regional Council of the XX convocation (November 20, 1991) "Amendments to the text of the ballot for voting at the regional referendum on December 1, 1991"


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
The decision of the extraordinary eighth session of the Regional Council of the XX convocation (November 20, 1991), "Amendments to the text of the ballot for voting at the regional referendum on December 1, 1991". After lengthy debate, it was decided to change the wording "status of an autonomous territory" in the text of the ballot to "enshrined the Constitution of Ukraine status of a special self-governing administrative territory." New ballot was approved by this same session.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
On partial change (p.3) of the decision of the Regional Council of People's Deputies from October 31, 1991, "On holding of the regional referendum" to approve the following text of the ballot in the regional referendum of December 1, 1991 :


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Leonid Kravchuk and Transcarpathian regional referendum
«Do you wish that Transcarpathia obtained enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine status of a special self-governing administrative territory as a subject within the independent Ukraine and not part of any other administrative and territorial formations?».


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
Article 125 of the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR (1978) provided the possibility of participation of local councils of people's deputies in the discussion of issues of republican and national importance, and Article 131 enabled them to put the most important local issues to the vote in a referendum.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
Using this competence, the executive committee of the Council of People's Deputies made a formal interpretation and explanation of the issue submitted to the referendum.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
The basic rights guaranteed by referendum in case of an affirmative answer of the majority of polled citizens, residents of Transcarpathia, were:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
- Independently solve issues of economical, socio-cultural and spiritual development of the region


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
- Actions of the President and the Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) at a self-governing territory, would have no direct legal effect, only the Constitution and laws of Ukraine would operate there.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
On Sunday, December 1, when receiving the ballots, you must make a fateful choice:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
- Will Transcarpathia have the status of special self-governing administrative territory as a part of independent Ukraine?


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
We urge you to say, "Yes", I wish that Transcarpathia obtained enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine status of a special self-governing administrative territory, as a subject within an independent Ukraine, and not part of any other administrative and territorial formations.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
- The right to independently, in the interest of the region and its population address the issues of economics, socio-cultural and spiritual development;


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
- The right to form our own governments at all levels;


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
- That there would be no direct actions of the President and the Verkhovna Rada at the self-governing territory, only the Constitution and laws of Ukraine would operate there;


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Organization of the referendum, Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of People's Deputies to the people of Transcarpathia
- The possibility of full consideration of the interests of all nationalities living in the region, their broader representation in government, self-government, the right to have their national and cultural formations.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Results of the Regional referendum
Strictly following the provisions of Article 31 of the Law of the Ukrainian SSR "On national and local referendums" (as revised in 1991), the official organ of the Regional Council ("Novyny Zakarpattya") on December 3, 1991, published the primary results of the republican and Transcarpathian regional referendums.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Results of the Regional referendum
The vast majority taking part in the referendum voted for the "Independence of Ukraine" (90.13%), and accession of Transcarpathia to Ukraine with the status of a "Special self-governing territory" (78%). The high turnout at the referendums (700 555 thousand).


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Results of the Regional referendum
The next issue of the newspaper "Novyny Zakarpattia" (Wednesday 4 December 1991). On the basis of the received protocols, the regional commission reported detailed data of the results of the referendum.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Results of the Regional referendum
Detailed data by districts - the number of people taking part in the vote, and the number of citizens who answered the offered questions - "YES".


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Results of the Regional referendum
From the Tables follows the conclusion about high commitment of citizens (the average in the region 82.7%), and high percentages of citizens who answered "YES" at the referendum (the average in the region 78%).


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Results of the Regional referendum
The lowland areas of the region: Uzhgorod - 89.7%, Berehove - 88.9%, Svalyava - 86.5% had a higher percentage of affirmative votes at the regional referendum than the highlands: Rakhiv - 54.1%, Mizhgirya - 59%.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The legitimacy of the referendum
The 1991 referendum was closely watched not only by the citizens of Ukraine, but also the international community.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The legitimacy of the referendum
Almost all foreign observers, including authoritative international and European representatives, noted the high level of organization and the absence of significant violations.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The legitimacy of the referendum
Michel Jakmain - Secretary of the Bureau of the National Assembly of France


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The legitimacy of the referendum
According to the US Ambassador in Ukraine Jon Gundersen, Office Secretary of the National Assembly of France, Michel Jakmain, Bundestag deputy Gert Weisskirchen, a member of the Canadian Parliament Patrick Boyer and others who were at the meeting, the referendum in Ukraine was held in an orderly manner, without any violations. Its results will open up new opportunities for fruitful and mutually beneficial cooperation with foreign countries.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
The first in the history of the USSR Crimean referendum of January 20, 1991 (on the reestablishment of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) served as a legal justification for the Transcarpathian regional referendum. Taking into account the will of the Crimean people, on February 12, 1991, the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR adopted the Law "On the reestablishment of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Crimean region as part of the Ukrainian SSR"


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
It was the first implemented attempt to decide the fate of the people based on the will of the citizens themselves.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
Representatives of the IX-th session of the Transcarpathian Regional Council of People's Deputies, as a legislative initiative, appealed to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine with a demand to make changes and additions to the Constitution of Ukraine according to the results of the Transcarpathian regional referendum.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
The procedure required supplementing the first part of Article 77 of the Constitution with the words: "In Ukraine, there is a special self-governing administrative territory, Transcarpathia", as well as supplementing Article 752, "Special self-governing administrative territory, Transcarpathia, is a part of Ukraine ..." because referendum actually took place in the context of making Transcarpathia a part of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
However, the supreme legislative body of Ukraine, using the procedure of bureaucratic sabotage, ignored the mandatory introduction of amendments and additions to the Constitution of the USSR (as it was done in the case of the Crimea), thereby putting the issue of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the legal status of the Transcarpathian region as part of an independent Ukraine, outside of the legal framework of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
Given that 546,450 of the adult population of the region (78 percent) at the regional referendum on December 1, 1991,were in favor of granting Transcarpathia enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine status of a special self-governing administrative territory as a part of independent Ukraine, and in accordance with the Article 38 of the Law of Ukraine "On Local Soviets of People's Deputies of the USSR and local self-government ", the regional Council of People's Deputies decided as part of legislative initiative to appeal to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on introduction of amendments and additions to the Constitution of Ukraine:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
1. To add the words: "In Ukraine, there is a special self-governing administrative territory, Transcarpathia" to the first part of Article 77 of the Constitution.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine
2. Supplement the Constitution of Ukraine with the chapter 72, "Special self-governing administrative territory, Transcarpathia" and the Article 752, "Special self-governing administrative territory, Transcarpathia, is a part of Ukraine and decides independently on matters within its competence."


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
Main article: The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia" - adopted the sixth of March 1992 at the second meeting of the IX- session of the Transcarpathian Regional Council of People's Deputies. Initiated by the Transcarpathian Regional Council, in order to introduce into the legal framework of Ukraine the results of Transcarpathian general regional referendum of December 1, 1991, on the status of Transcarpathia as a self-governing special administrative territory as a subject of an independent Ukraine, its non-accession into any other administrative-territorial units and securing (this status) in the Constitution of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
The special self-governing administrative territory Transcarpathia is a special subject of administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
Status of Transcarpathia defines the Constitution of Ukraine, this Law, the Statute and other regulations of Transcarpathia.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
The status of self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia is based on the following principles:


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
Distribution of powers of national authorities and authorities of self-governing special administrative territory define this Law in the absence of direct effect of acts of the executive and administrative authorities of the State in the territory of Transcarpathia.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
Public information about the work on the draft Law in the committees of the Supreme Council of Ukraine is absent.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, The Law of Ukraine "On the self-governing special administrative territory of Transcarpathia"
Since, in accordance with the Law "On referenda ..." in the wording of 1991, results of the referendum shall come into force upon their publication in the official media organ to hold a referendum. Therefore, because of the refusal of the Supreme Council of Ukraine to adopt the law regulating the status of Transcarpathia as part of Ukraine (in accordance with the results of the referendum), thus far it remains uncertain.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Analysis of the results of the referendum
Strictly in accordance with the Law "On referendums ..." in the wording of the 1991, results of the referendum shall come into force upon their publication in the official media of the authority that held a referendum. In April 2016 then governor of Zakarpattia Oblast Hennadiy Moskal claimed the referendum directly contradicted this (then) law.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Analysis of the results of the referendum
This publication of the results of the referendum in our region was made on Dec. 4, 1991, in the newspaper of the Regional Council of People's Deputies, "Novyny Zakarpattya" and, therefore, the results of the referendum have acquired an imperative legal force of the Law of Ukraine. (The results of the referendum do not require any approval or confirmation.)


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Analysis of the results of the referendum
Ukrainian and Transcarpathian regional referenda have the same legal effect (are legally equivalent), and their legal implementation or lack of it will automatically lead to the identical consequences for the legal entity.


1991 Transcarpathian general regional referendum, Analysis of the results of the referendum
If the results of the referendum cause compatibility issues with existing legal realities for the current regime, it is necessary to amend the national legislation or it (the referendum) should be held again.


1991 Transnistrian independence referendum
The 1991 referendum in Transnistria took place in Transnistria on 1 December 1991. On that date, Transnistria voted to continue its de facto independence and seek international recognition as a separate, sovereign country and member of the international community.


1991 Transnistrian independence referendum
97.7% of those who came to the polls opted for separation from Moldova.


1991 Transnistrian independence referendum
In numbers, 372,027 people took part in the referendum. Of those, 363,647 people voted for independence of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.


1991 Transnistrian independence referendum
International observers were invited, including representatives of the US State Department. However, only representatives of the St. Petersburg city council accepted the invitation to participate. In the conclusion of the observers, the referendum was an expression of the true will Transnistria's population. The United States, which did not avail itself of the invitation to watch the referendum, later expressed doubt about its veracity. Transnistria offered to hold it again, and indeed did so with the 2006 Transnistrian referendum.


1991 Transnistrian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the breakaway republic of Transnistria on 1 December, 1991. These were the first such elections in the newly founded Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, and were won by Igor Smirnov, one of the country's founders. Smirnov faced two opponents: Grigore Mărăcuţă and Grigoriy Blagodarniy. Mărăcuţă would become an ally of Smirnov and was speaker of the Supreme Council until 2005.


1991 Trinidad and Tobago general election
General elections were held in Trinidad and Tobago on 16 December 1991. The result was a victory for the People's National Movement, which won 21 of the 36 seats. Voter turnout was 65.5%.


1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza
The 1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Circulo Tennis Ilva Taranto in Taranto, Italy that was part of the WTA Tier V category of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 30 April until 5 May 1991. Unseeded Emanuela Zardo won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money.


1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza, Finals, Doubles
Alexia Dechaume /  Florencia Labat defeated  Laura Golarsa /  Ann Grossman 6–2, 7–5


1991 Tucson mayoral election
The Tucson mayoral election of 1991 occurred on November 5, 1991 to elect the mayor of Tucson, and occurred coinciding with the elections to the Tucson City Council wards 1, 2 and 4. It saw the election of George Miller.


1991 Tucson mayoral election, Nominations
Primaries were held for the Democratic, Libertarian, and Republican parties on September 7, 1999.


1991 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1991 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth year under head coach David Rader, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 10–2 record and defeated San Diego State, 28–17, in the 1991 Freedom Bowl. During the regular season, the team defeated #15 Texas A&M (35-34) and lost to #2 Miami (10-34).


1991 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback T. J. Rubley with 2,054 passing yards, Chris Hughley with 1,326 rushing yards, and Chris Penn with 792 receiving yards.


1991 Turkish general election
General elections were held in Turkey on 20 October 1991, to elect members to the 19th Grand National Assembly. It was the first by the ruling Motherland Party to be contested without its founding leader, Turgut Özal, who had become Turkish president two years previously. The result was a swing against Özal's former party in favour of its fierce centre-right rival, the True Path Party led by Süleyman Demirel. The vote saw two additional parties cross the 10 percent barrier to enter parliament.


1991 Turkish general election
Necmettin Erbakan and his Welfare Party saw a party of religious background returned for the first time in 14 years. Welfare had a greatly increased share of the vote and took several key provinces, including Istanbul in 1994 local elections. Bülent Ecevit's Democratic Left Party also scraped through to win seven seats. Voter turnout was 83.9%.


1991 Turkmen independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in Turkmenistan on 26 October 1991. Voters were asked two questions:


1991 Turkmen independence referendum
Both were approved by over 93% of voters. Voter turnout was 97.4%.


1991 Turks and Caicos Islands general election
General elections were held in the Turks and Caicos Islands on 3 April 1991. The result was a victory for the opposition Progressive National Party (PNP), which won eight of the thirteen seats in the Legislative Council. Following the elections, PNP leader Washington Misick became Chief Minister.


1991 Turks and Caicos Islands general election, Electoral system
The thirteen members of the Legislative Council were elected from five multi-member constituencies with two or three seats.


1991 Turks and Caicos Islands general election, Campaign
A total of 26 candidates contested the elections, with the PNP and People's Democratic Movement all running full slates of 13 candidates.


1991 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 1991 U.S. Figure Skating Championships took place at the Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth) in six disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, ice dancing, men's figures and ladies's figures – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.


1991 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The event determined the U.S. teams for the 1991 World Championships.


1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships
The 1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Charlotte, North Carolina in the United States. The event was part of the ATP World Series category of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts and held from May 6 to May 13, 1991. Seventh-seeded Jaime Yzaga won the singles title.


1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, Finals, Doubles
Rick Leach /  Jim Pugh defeated  Bret Garnett /  Greg Van Emburgh 6–3, 2–6, 6–3


1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles
The defending champions were Scott Davis and David Pate, but they were defeated by Diego Nargiso and Stefano Pescosolido in the first round. Second-seeded pair Rick Leach and Jim Pugh won in the final against Bret Garnett and Greg Van Emburgh.


1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Singles
David Wheaton was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals this year.


1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Singles
Jaime Yzaga won the title, defeating Jimmy Arias 6–3, 7–5 in the final.


1991 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1991 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1991 U.S. Open was the 91st U.S. Open, held June 13–17 at Hazeltine National Golf Club in Chaska, Minnesota, a suburb southwest of Minneapolis. Payne Stewart defeated 1987 champion Scott Simpson in an 18-hole Monday playoff to win the first of his two U.S. Open titles. It was the second of Stewart's three major championships.


1991 U.S. Open (golf)
Stewart held the lead through each of the first three rounds, but in the final round he found himself trailing Simpson by a stroke heading to the 18th. Simpson hit his drive into the rough and could only manage a bogey to Stewart's par, forcing an 18-hole playoff. Both players shot a final-round 72 to finish at 282 total, three shots clear of Larry Nelson and Fred Couples. In the playoff, Simpson led by two-strokes heading to the 16th. He then bogeyed the hole, however, while Stewart made birdie to even up the contest.


1991 U.S. Open (golf)
At the par-3 17th, Simpson found the water on his tee shot and recorded another bogey, giving Stewart a one-shot advantage. Simpson then made bogey on the 18th while Stewart made a par, giving Stewart a two-stroke win and the championship. Stewart's winning score in the playoff of 75 was the highest since Tommy Armour won with a 76 in 1927.


1991 U.S. Open (golf)
Play was interrupted during the first round due to a severe thunderstorm. Six people were struck by lightning while seeking shelter near the 11th tee, and one person was killed.


1991 U.S. Open (golf)
1991 marked the final U.S. Open appearance for two-time champion Lee Trevino. Phil Mickelson won low-amateur honors for the second consecutive year, finishing in 55th place.


1991 U.S. Open (golf)
This was the second U.S. Open at Hazeltine; the first was in 1970. It later hosted the PGA Championship in 2002 and 2009.


1991 U.S. Open Cup
The 1991 United States Open Cup was the 78th edition of the soccer tournament to crown the national champion of the United States.


1991 U.S. Open Cup
The Brooklyn Italians (NESSL) won the cup 1–0 against the Richardson Rockets (USISL) of Texas in a match played at Brooklyn College in Brooklyn, New York.


1991 U.S. Pro Indoor
The 1991 U.S. Pro Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the Championship Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 24th edition of the tournament and was played at the Wachovia Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States from February 11 to February 18, 1991. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title, his second at the event after 1986.


1991 U.S. Pro Indoor, Finals, Singles
Ivan Lendl defeated  Pete Sampras 5–7, 6–4, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3


1991 U.S. Pro Indoor, Finals, Doubles
Rick Leach /  Jim Pugh defeated  Udo Riglewski /  Michael Stich 6–4, 6–4


1991 U.S. Pro Indoor – Doubles
Leach and Pugh successfully defended their title, defeating Udo Riglewski and Michael Stich 6–4, 6–4 in the final.


1991 U.S. Pro Indoor – Singles
Ivan Lendl won the title, defeating Sampras, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 in the final.


1991 U.S. Women's Open
The 1991 U.S. Women's Open was the 46th edition of the U.S. Women's Open, held July 11–14 at Colonial Country Club in Fort Worth, Texas. Meg Mallon shot a final round 67 (−4) to finish at 283 (−1), two strokes ahead of runner-up Pat Bradley. Mallon trailed Bradley by three strokes with ten holes to play. It was the second of Mallon's four major titles; she won the LPGA Championship two weeks earlier. Mallon won her second U.S. Women's Open and final major thirteen years later in 2004.


1991 U.S. Women's Open
Play was so painstakingly slow during the first round that Lori Garbacz decided to protest. While playing the 14th hole, Garbacz had her caddie go to a nearby pay phone and order a pizza that she wanted delivered to the 17th tee. The pizza was waiting for Garbacz and she had plenty of time to eat it, as there were two groups ahead of her waiting to tee off.


1991 U.S. Women's Open
Mallon won $110,000, the championship's first six-figure winner's share. It was an increase of nearly 30% over the previous year and double that of just four years earlier. Mallon's name was also engraved into the course's Wall of Champions.


1991 U.S. Women's Open
Through 2019, this is the only time the championship has been played in the state of Texas. Colonial has been an annual stop on the PGA Tour since 1946; now known as the Charles Schwab Challenge, it is usually played in May. It also hosted the U.S. Open in 1941, the last before World War II.


1991 U.S. Women's Open
It was the last time a U. S. Women's Open was conducted on a golf course that hosts a men's PGA Tour annual event until 2023, when the tournament is scheduled to be conducted at the Pebble Beach Golf Links, one of the courses of the AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am and the PURE Insurance Championship for the PGA Tour Champions (over-50).


1991 UAB Blazers football team
The 1991 UAB Blazers football team represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in the 1991 NCAA Division III football season, and was the first team fielded by the school. The Blazers' head coach was Jim Hilyer. They played their home games at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama and competed as an NCAA Division III independent. The Blazers finished their inaugural season with a record of 4–3–2.


1991 UC Davis Aggies football team
The 1991 UC Davis football team represented the University of California, Davis in the 1991 NCAA Division II football season. UC Davis competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC).


1991 UC Davis Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by third-year head coach Bob Foster and played their home games at Toomey Field. UC Davis finished the regular season with a record of seven wins and three losses (7–3, 3–2 NCAC). This was the 22nd consecutive year UC Davis finished with a winning record. The Aggies outscored their opponents 238–215 for the season.


1991 UC Davis Aggies football team
The 1991 season was the first time in 21 years the Aggies had not won the NCAC championship. They had won or shared the championship every year from 1971 to 1990. The loss against Chico State broke a streak of 52 consecutive conference wins that started in the 1981 season. And it ended a remarkable string of 90 conference wins in 91 games stretching back to the 1973 season.


1991 UC Davis Aggies football team, NFL Draft
No UC Davis Aggies players were selected in the 1992 NFL Draft.


1991 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The 1991 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1991 NCAA Division II football season.


1991 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The Gauchos competed as an NCAA Division II independent in 1991. The team was led by second-year head coach Rick Candaele, and played home games at Campus Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and three losses (5–3) and were outscored by their opponents 217–218 for the season. Candaele finished his two years as head coach with a record of 11–7, a .611 winning percentage.


1991 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
In 1992, the NCAA legislated that Division I colleges must play at that level in all sports. As UCSB played at the Division I level in basketball and other sports, that would have required a significant upgrade to the football program. A new student fee was proposed to the students, but it was defeated. These two situations forced UC Santa Barbara to drop the football program again (it had previously been stopped after the 1971 season).


1991 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1992 NFL Draft.


1991 UCF Knights football team
The 1991 UCF Knights football season was the thirteenth season for the team and Gene McDowell's seventh as the head coach of the Knights. McDowell led the team to an overall record of 6–5.


1991 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships
The 1991 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships were held in Barga, Italy from 15 to 16 September 1991.


1991 UCI Road World Championships
The 1991 UCI Road World Championships took place in Stuttgart, Germany.


1991 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1991 UCI Road World Championships was the 58th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 25 August 1991 in Stuttgart, Germany. The race was won by Gianni Bugno of Italy.


1991 UCI Road World Championships – Women's team time trial
The women's team time trial of the 1991 UCI Road World Championships cycling event took place on 21 August 1991 in Stuttgart, Germany. The course was 49.55 km long.


1991 UCI Road World Cup
The 1991 UCI Road World Cup was the third edition of the UCI Road World Cup. From the 1990 edition, the same events were retained, with the individual time trial finale event this year in Bergamo, Italy, ran as both the Grand Prix des Nations and the Trofeo Baracchi. The competition was won by Italian rider Maurizio Fondriest of Panasonic–Sportlife.


1991 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1991 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Stuttgart, Germany from 13 to 18 August 1991. Fifteen events were contested, 12 for men (5 for professionals, 7 for amateurs) and 3 for women.


1991 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1991 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bruins offense scored 323 points while the defense allowed 190 points. The team finished with a 9–3 overall record, and tied for second place in the Pacific-10 Conference with a 6–2 record. Led by head coach Terry Donahue, the Bruins competed in the John Hancock Bowl, now known as the Sun Bowl.


1991 UCLA Bruins football team, 1991 team players in the NFL
The following players were claimed in the 1992 NFL Draft.


1991 UEFA Cup Final
The 1991 UEFA Cup Final was a football tie played on 8 May 1991 and 22 May 1991 to determine the champion of the 1990–91 UEFA Cup. It was contested across two legs between Italian sides Internazionale and Roma. Inter won 2–1 on aggregate after winning the first leg 2–0 but losing the second 1–0.


1991 UEFA European Under-16 Championship
The 1991 UEFA European Under-16 Championship was the ninth edition of UEFA's European Under-16 Football Championship. Switzerland hosted the championship, during 8–18 May 1991. 16 teams entered the competition, and Spain won their third title.


1991 UIAA Climbing World Championships
The 1991 UIAA Climbing World Championships, the first edition, were held in Frankfurt, Germany from 1 to 2 October 1991. It was organized by the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA). The championships consisted of lead and speed events.


1991 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Lead
François Legrand and Susi Good were the first ever Lead World Champions. Legrand climbed efficiently and topped the final route.


1991 UIAA Climbing World Championships, Speed
Hans Florine and Isabelle Dorsimond were the first ever Speed World Cup Champions.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 65th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) released the annual returns, with totalisator turnover at £97,311,283 and attendances recorded at 3,979,090 from 6051 meetings. Track tote deduction remained at 17.5%.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
An industry discussion concluded that a greyhound's career longevity was reduced by two breeding factors. The first factor being the fact that breeding was predominantly conducted between the fastest middles distance stars and therefore increasing the average speed (bringing higher injury rates) and eliminating the stamina of stayers and marathon greyhounds. The second factor was the lack of coursing bloodlines, thereby reducing the durability traits. The physical difference between a 1930s and 1990s greyhound was significant and despite advancement in track preparation the track layouts remained the same.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
Bobs Regan trained by Brian Timcke was voted Greyhound of the Year after winning the Golden Jacket, the Kent St Leger and the Regency. Ardfert Mick was voted Irish Greyhound of the Year after winning the 1991 Irish Greyhound Derby. John McGee won the Greyhound Trainer of the Year for the fourth successive year, a new record beating the three won by George Curtis and Phil Rees Sr.. McGee notched over 200 winners during the year.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
Ravage Again won his 29th successive race at Sunderland but then on 26 January at Powderhall at odds of 2-9 he stumbled out of the boxes and found trouble, failing to catch the winner Base Rate. The world record attempt was over and he was immediately retired.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
A & S Leisure (owners of five casino restaurants) purchased Sheffield and spent £3 million on refurbishment. Ramsgate secured a BAGS contract with Mick Wheble installed as the new Group Racing Manager. Stuart Netting became Ramsgate Racing Manager in place of Jeff Jefcoate. Mildenhall Stadium started racing for the first time.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Brent Walker the owners of William Hill and Hackney Wick Stadium were in a precarious position in regard to gigantic debts, which brought an uncertain future for both. In a statement to a committee of MP's, BAGS representative Tom Kelly reveals that Hackney (and other tracks) are only paid a £900 broadcasting fee for a ten race BAGS meeting that produces a £2 million turnover (£200,000 per race) for BAGS.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Tory MP David Sumberg says "This £900 bugs me, it is so small"; Kelly is unconcerned by the disparity and financial difficulties of tracks and responds by saying that "the tracks must be satisfied because they apply for contracts". Over the next decade tracks will close at an alarming rate, including Hackney six years later.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The Scottish Greyhound Derby increased prize money from £10,000 to £15,000 and was won by Phantom Flash trained by Nick Savva; the black dog had a great 1990 winning the Sussex Cup and Breeders Forum and was unlucky not to win the Irish Derby. He would later leave Savva to join trainer Patsy Byrne following a disagreement with owner Dave Hawley.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The Grand National final at Hall Green produced a memorable race after a dead heat by Ideal Man and Ballycarney Dell, the pair finished just ahead of Run On King and a promising hurdler called Kildare Slippy. Dempseys Whisper continued his good ways when becoming only the second greyhound to successfully defend the Grand Prix title at Walthamstow Stadium.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Tom Smith the owner of Swaffham investigates some of the track trainers kennels and finds unlicensed handlers and greyhounds missing from the establishments that they are supposed to be kennelled at, which leads to the NGRC being called in to hold a series of inquiries.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Patsy Byrne joined Wimbledon as a trainer and sponsors the International while Maggie Lucas leaves Hackney for Romford. The Mullins family split camp as Linda Mullins’s son David takes out his first trainers licence at Sunderland. Sunderland had only returned to NGRC rules in 1990 were improving their profile by taking on Mullins and former top flapping man Ted Soppitt, in addition Harry Williams who was responsible for getting the new Sunderland of the ground started training again.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
There were two major trainer changes towards the latter part of the year both involving Walthamstow, Linda Mullins was recruited from Romford to increase Walthamstow's recent policy of bringing in leading open race trainers. As a consequence Walthamstow's top man Kenny Linzell left to join Romford after being unhappy with the new policy. Former English and Irish Derby winning trainer John Bassett died in March aged 81.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Wheres The Limo trained by Linda Mullins won 28 from 45 starts to be leading open race winner.


1991 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
An ITV production called Gone to the Dogs filmed at Walthamstow and starring Jim Broadbent, Martin Clunes, Harry Enfield, Alison Steadman and Sheila Hancock is a success after viewing figures of nine million.


1991 UK Athletics Championships
The 1991 UK Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for the United Kingdom held at Cardiff Athletics Stadium, Cardiff. It was the second time that the event was held in the Welsh capital, following on from the 1990 championships there. Strong winds affected several of the jumps on the programme. A women's hammer throw was added to the schedule for the first time, though it was not classified as a UK championship event at the competition.


1991 UK Athletics Championships
It was the fifteenth edition of the competition limited to British athletes only, launched as an alternative to the AAA Championships, which was open to foreign competitors. However, due to the fact that the calibre of national competition remained greater at the AAA event, the UK Championships this year were not considered the principal national championship event by some statisticians, such as the National Union of Track Statisticians (NUTS). Many of the athletes below also competed at the 1991 AAA Championships.


1991 UK Athletics Championships
Three athletes won a third straight UK title, all of them throwers: Paul Head (hammer), Sharon Gibson (javelin) and Jackie McKernan (discus). Five further athletes defended their 1990 titles: Linford Christie (100 m), David Sharpe (800 m), Paul Edwards (shot put), Andy Ashurst (pole vault) and Alison Wyeth (1500 m). Judy Oakes returned to the top of the women's shot put podium to take a record-breaking ninth UK title. No athlete won multiple UK titles, though Michael Rosswess managed runner-up in both short sprints.


1991 UK Athletics Championships
The main international track and field competition for the United Kingdom that year was the 1991 World Championships in Athletics. Liz McColgan added the world 10,000 metres title to her UK 3000 m title. Though neither Roger Black nor Kriss Akabusi topped the UK podium, they won medals at the world level that year.


1991 UK Championship
The 1991 UK Championship was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 23 November and 1 December 1991 at the Guild Hall in Preston, England. The televised stages were shown on BBC.


1991 UK Championship
The highest break of the televised stages was 142 made by Martin Clark and the same for the non-televised stages was 137 made by Mark Bennett.


1991 UK Championship
John Parrott won his first and only UK Championship by defeating Jimmy White 16–13 in the final.


1991 UK Championship, Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:


1991 UMass Minutemen football team
The 1991 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Jim Reid and played its home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts. The 1991 season was Reid's last as head coach of the Minutemen. UMass finished the season with a record of 4–7 overall and 3–5 in conference play.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup
The 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup was the inaugural UNCAF Nations Cup, the Central American championship for men's national association football teams. It was organized by the Unión Centroamericana de Fútbol or UNCAF, and it took place in Costa Rica from 26 May to 2 June 1991. All matches were played in the Costa Rican capital, San José at the Estadio Nacional. The top two teams, apart from Costa Rica, go on to participate in the 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Costa Rica were given a bye due to their performance at the 1990 FIFA World Cup.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup
Three teams qualified to enter the tournament alongside hosts Costa Rica, chosen to hold the tournament by UNCAF that same year. The teams played in a round-robin format, with the winner being the squad who obtained the best overall results. The first UNCAF Nations Cup match took place between El Salvador and Guatemala. Since the match ended in a 0-0 draw, the following one between Costa Rica and Honduras produced the first goal in UNCAF Nations Cup history. It was scored by Róger Gómez of Costa Rica. The mascot of the competition was a boy named "Minchito '91".


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup
Hosts and pre-tournament favourites Costa Rica earned 6 points from three wins after defeating Guatemala 1–0 in front of a crowd of 16,500 people, and became the first nation to win the UNCAF Nations Cup.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Host selection
During the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) Congress in Guatemala City, Guatemala on 26 January 1991, the qualification rounds for the inaugural CONCACAF Gold Cup was decided upon. Since Costa Rica were given a bye into the competition due to its first place standing at the 1989 CONCACAF Championship, which also served as a qualification phase for the FIFA World Cup hosted by Italy in 1990, they weren't required to participate in the preliminary stages. However, the final qualification round of the Central American zone had two bids: the United States and Costa Rica. Costa Rica won the bid and was named by CONCACAF and UNCAF as the host nation of the inaugural UNCAF Nations Cup tournament on 19 February 1991.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Qualification
The draw for the 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup qualifying competition for Central America took place in Guatemala City on 26 January 1991. Six teams entered to compete for the three remaining places in the competition, alongside eventual host Costa Rica. The teams were divided into three groups of two. As the host nation of the event, Costa Rica qualified automatically. The qualifying process began in April 1991 and concluded in May 1991. At the conclusion of the qualifying group stage, the three group winners qualified for the tournament.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Match Officials
A list of 13 referees from eight football federations for the tournament were chosenn to participate in the tournament.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Venues, Stadium
The Estadio Nacional, Costa Rica's national stadium and home of the Costa Rica national football team, was announced as the sole venue of the tournament.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Venues, Accommodations
Hotels and base camps were used by the four national squads to stay and trainbefore and during the UNCAF Nations Cup tournament. All teams opted to stayin hotels in San José.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Venues, Training Grounds
Six venues were chosen as training grounds. Most teams opted to trainoutside San José. Only Costa Rica trained in the national capital on privatelyowned football pitches.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Mascot
Minchito '91, the mascot for the 1991 competition, was the first UNCAF Nations Cup mascot, and one of the first mascots to be associated with a major sporting competition in Central America. Inspired in "the traditions, beliefs, legends and customs of Costa Rica", Minchito was born as an authentic peasant. The boy, who is seven-years-old, was created by the Hispanic Publicity Company. The name is a diminutive of the name 'Benjamín' in Costa Rica. Minchito is dressed with a white shirt, a red scarf and belt with black shorts, the most common set of clothes of a Costa Rican peasant.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Squads
Each team's squad consisted of 18 players (two of whom must be goalkeepers). Teams also had two additional reserve players they could use as replacements in the event of serious injury, at any time. During a match, all remaining squad members not named in the starting team are available to be one of the three permitted substitutions (provided the player is not serving a suspension).


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Tournament Overview, Format
All times are Central Time Zone (UTC-6)In the following tables:


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Tournament Overview, Format
The four teams played in round-robin format to determine the winner. This format would guarantee each team at least three games. Each team were awarded 2 points for a win and 1 point for a draw.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Tournament Overview, Format
If two or more teams were equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following tie-breaking criteria were applied:


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Statistics, Goalscorers
Claudio Jara received the Golden Boot for scoring five goals. In total, 14 goals were scored by 8 different players.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Statistics, All-Star Team
Chilean sports magazine Triunfo evaluated player performances through statistical data finished with the following players leading each position.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Statistics, All-Star Team
Vladimir Quesada (Costa Rica) Gilberto Yearwood (Honduras) Eduardo Acevedo (Guatemala) Marcos Anariba (Honduras)


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup, Statistics, All-Star Team
Guillermo Rivera (El Salvador) Róger Gómez (Costa Rica) Carlos Velásquez (Costa Rica) Camilo Bonilla (Honduras)


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup Preliminary Round
The qualifying competition for the 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup was a football competition that was played from April 4, 1991, to May 12, 1991, to determine the 3 teams to join Costa Rica, who qualified automatically as hosts of the 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup. Six member associations participated in the qualifying process for the tournament places; however, Belize withdrew due to economic reasons.


1991 UNCAF Nations Cup squads
Below are the rosters for the UNCAF Nations Cup 1991 tournament in San José, Costa Rica, from May 26 to June 2, 1991.


1991 UNLV Rebels football team
The 1991 UNLV Rebels football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in the Big West Conference during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second year under head coach Jim Strong, the team compiled a 4–7 record.


1991 US Open (tennis)
The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991.


1991 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Men's Doubles
John Fitzgerald /  Anders Järryd defeated  Scott Davis /  David Pate 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3


1991 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Women's Doubles
Pam Shriver /  Natasha Zvereva defeated  Jana Novotná /  Larisa Savchenko 6–4, 4–6, 7–6(7–5)


1991 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Mixed Doubles
Manon Bollegraf /  Tom Nijssen defeated  Arantxa Sánchez Vicario /  Emilio Sánchez 6–2, 7–6(7–2)


1991 US Open (tennis), Juniors, Boys' Doubles
Karim Alami /  John-Laffnie de Jager defeated  Michael Joyce /  Vince Spadea 6–4, 6–7, 6–1


1991 US Open (tennis), Juniors, Girls' Doubles
Kristin Godridge /  Nicole Pratt defeated  Åsa Carlsson /  Cătălina Cristea 7–6, 7–5


1991 US Open – Men's Doubles
The Men's Doubles tournament at the 1991 US Open was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991, on the outdoor hard courts of the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. John Fitzgerald and Anders Järryd won the title, defeating Scott Davis and David Pate in the final.


1991 US Open – Men's Singles
Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1991 US Open. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Courier.


1991 US Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Stefan Edberg was the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1991 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Elizabeth Smylie and Todd Woodbridge were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Smylie with John Fitzgerald and Woodbridge with Nicole Provis.


1991 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Smylie and Fitzgerald lost in the second round to Elna Reinach and Christo van Rensburg.


1991 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Provis and Woodbridge lost in the quarterfinals to Manon Bollegraf and Tom Nijssen.


1991 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Bollegraf and Nijssen won in the final 6–2, 7–6 (7–2) against Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Emilio Sánchez.


1991 US Open – Mixed Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1991 US Open – Women's Doubles
Gigi Fernández and Martina Navratilova were the defending champions but lost in the third round to Katrina Adams and Manon Bollegraf.


1991 US Open – Women's Doubles
Pam Shriver and Natasha Zvereva won in the final 6–4, 4–6, 7–6(7–5) against Jana Novotná and Larisa Savchenko.


1991 US Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1991 US Open – Women's Singles
Monica Seles defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 7–6(7–1), 6–1, to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1991 U.S. Open. It was her third major of the year. With the win, Seles recaptured the world No. 1 ranking from her rival Steffi Graf, and would hold it until her 1993 stabbing.


1991 US Open – Women's Singles
Gabriela Sabatini was the defending champion, but she lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati.


1991 US Open – Women's Singles
This was the first major in which future champion and world No. 1 Lindsay Davenport competed in the main draw; she lost in the first round to Debbie Graham.


1991 US Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual US Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held over several days before the event.


1991 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1991 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships took place between June 13–15 at Downing Stadium on Randall's Island in New York City. This was the last USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships organized by The Athletics Congress. The following year's Olympic Trials served as the National Championships during the last year of TAC's existence. The competition acted as a way of selecting the United States team for the 1991 World Championships in Athletics in Tokyo, Japan August 23 to September 1 later that year.


1991 USAC FF2000 Championship
The 1991 USAC FF2000 Championship was the second season of the series. The series was sanctioned by the United States Auto Club and ran races in California and Arizona. Craig Taylor won the championship in a Swift DB-6.


1991 USC Trojans football team
The 1991 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fifth year under head coach Larry Smith, the Trojans compiled a 3–8 record (2–6 against conference opponents), finished in eighth place in the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10), and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 276 to 229.


1991 USC Trojans football team
Quarterback Reggie Perry led the team in passing, completing 131 of 255 passes for 1,574 yards with three touchdowns and 12 interceptions. Deon Strother led the team in rushing with 129 carries for 614 yards and seven touchdowns. Johnnie Morton led the team in receiving with 49 catches for 662 yards and no touchdowns.


1991 USSR Chess Championship
The 1991 Soviet Chess Championship was the 58th and last edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 1–13 November 1991 in Moscow. The title was won by the Armenian Artashes Minasian.


1991 USSR Chess Championship, Crosstable
The 58th and final Championship produced perhaps the greatest surprise of the whole series. There were a few big names in the field at Moscow, which was run as an 11-round Swiss system with 64 players. For example, there was Mikhail Tal, but he was seriously ill and finished only 39th-46th on 5 points.


1991 USSR Chess Championship, Crosstable
Leonid Yudasin, soon to emigrate to Israel, also finished with 5. Alexey Shirov got only 6½. Two little-known players shared the top with 8½, but the title went to the 24-year-old Armenian Artashes Minasian who had met much the stronger opposition and so having a better tiebreak, while Elmar Magerramov from Baku was second.


1991 UTEP Miners football team
The 1991 UTEP Miners football team was an American football team that represented the University of Texas at El Paso in the Western Athletic Conference during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third year under head coach David Lee, the team compiled a 4–7–1 record.


1991 Uganda Cup
1991 Uganda Cup was the 17th season of the main Ugandan football Cup.


1991 Uganda Cup, Overview
The competition has also been known as the Kakungulu Cup and was won by Express Red Eagles who beat Nile Breweries FC 4-1 in the final. The results are not available for the earlier rounds


1991 Uganda Super League
The 1991 Ugandan Super League was the 24th season of the official Ugandan football championship, the top-level football league of Uganda.


1991 Uganda Super League, Overview
The 1991 Uganda Super League was contested by 12 teams and was won by Kampala City Council FC, while Nytil FC and Busia were relegated.


1991 Uganda Super League, Leading goalscorer
The top goalscorer in the 1991 season was Mathias Kaweesa of Coffee Kakira with 18 goals.


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum
A referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence was held in Ukraine on 1 December 1991. An overwhelming majority of 92.3% of voters approved the declaration of independence made by the Verkhovna Rada on 24 August 1991.


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, The referendum
Voters were asked "Do you support the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine?" The text of the Declaration was included as a preamble to the question. The referendum was called by the Parliament of Ukraine to confirm the Act of Independence, which was adopted by the Parliament on 24 August 1991. Citizens of Ukraine expressed overwhelming support for independence. In the referendum, 31,891,742 registered voters (or 84.18% of the electorate) took part, and among them 28,804,071 (or 92.3%) voted "Yes".


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, The referendum
On the same day, a presidential election took place. All six candidates campaigned in favour of a "Yes" vote in the independence referendum. Leonid Kravchuk, the parliament chairman and de facto head of state, was elected to serve as the first President of Ukraine.


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, The referendum
From 2 December 1991 on Ukraine was globally recognized by other countries as an independent state. Also on 2 December, the President of the Russian SFSR Boris Yeltsin recognized Ukraine as independent. In a telegram of congratulations Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev sent to Kravchuk soon after the referendum, Gorbachev included his hopes for close Ukrainian cooperation and understanding in "the formation of a union of sovereign states".


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, The referendum
Ukraine was the second-most powerful republic in the Soviet Union both economically and politically (behind Russia), and its secession ended any realistic chance of Gorbachev keeping the Soviet Union together. By December 1991 all former Soviet Republics except the RSFSR and the Kazakh SSR had formally seceded from the Union. A week after his election, Kravchuk joined with Yeltsin and Belarusian leader Stanislav Shushkevich in signing the Belavezha Accords, which declared that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist. The Soviet Union officially dissolved on 26 December.


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, Results
Ukrainian media had converted en masse to the independence ideal.


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, Results
Polls showed 63% support for the "Yes" campaign in September 1991; that grew to 77% in the first week of October 1991 and 88% by mid-November 1991.


1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, Results
55% of the ethnic Russians in Ukraine voted for independence.