1990 IIHF European U18 Championship, Group B
Undefeated France was promoted to Group A for 1991. Spain should have been relegated to Group C, however, their replacement East Germany did not exist by 1991 so the Spaniards stayed up in Group B.


1990 IIHF European U18 Championship, Group C
Played March 8–11, 1990 in Sofia, Bulgaria. East Germany, just a few months before reunification, won the tournament easily. They had last participated in Group A in 1968.


1990 IIHF European U18 Championship, Group C
No team was promoted; East Germany won the right to proceed to Group B, but did not exist by 1991.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 1990 IIHF World Women's Championships were held March 19 to 25, 1990, at the Civic Centre in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The Canadian team won the gold medal, the United States won silver, and Finland won bronze. This was the first IIHF-sanctioned international tournament in women's ice hockey. Fran Rider helped to organize the championships with no financial support from the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship
There was strong international attention directed at the games. The gold medal game packed 9,000 people into the arena and drew over a million viewers on television. For unknown reasons, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association decided that the Canadian team should wear pink and white uniforms instead of the expected red and white. While the experiment only lasted for this tournament, Ottawa was taken over by a "pink craze" during the championships. Restaurants had pink-coloured food on special, and pink became a popular colour for flowers and bow ties.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Qualification Tournament
The United States, Canadian and Asian representative Japan, qualified automatically. The 1989 European Women's Ice Hockey Championship served as the qualification tournament for this championship. The top five finishers in the top pool qualified. They were Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and West Germany.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Rankings and statistics, Scoring leaders
List shows the top ten skaters sorted by points, then goals.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Rankings and statistics, Scoring leaders
Canada's Dawn McGuire was named MVP of the gold medal game.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Rankings and statistics, Leading goaltenders
Only the top five goaltenders, based on save percentage, who have played 40% of their team's minutes are included in this list.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Rankings and statistics, Leading goaltenders
TOI = Time On Ice (minutes:seconds); SA = Shots Against; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; Sv% = Save Percentage; SO = ShutoutsSource:


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Bodychecking
This is the only major international tournament in women's ice hockey to allow bodychecking. Before the tournament, bodychecking had been allowed in women's ice hockey in Europe and North America though Canada had begun to gradually eliminate the tactic from their women's ice hockey programs in the mid-1980's. The European teams asked for bodychecking to be included.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Bodychecking
After this tournament, the International Ice Hockey Federation disallowed bodychecking in women's ice hockey. It is currently an infraction punished with a minor or major and game misconduct penalty.


1990 IIHF Women's World Championship, Bodychecking
In addition, the intermissions between periods were twenty minutes instead of fifteen. This has since been changed to the usual fifteen minutes.


1990 IMSA GT Championship
The 1990 Camel GT Championship season was the 20th season of the IMSA GT Championship auto racing series. It consisted of GTP and Lights classes of prototypes, as well as Grand Tourer-style racing cars which ran in the GTO and GTU classes, as well as a tube-frame All-American Challenge (AAC) class during select GT-only rounds. It began February 3, 1990, and ended November 11, 1990, after twenty rounds.


1990 IMSA GT Championship, Schedule
The GT and Prototype classes did not participate in all events, nor did they race together at shorter events. The AAC class only participated in GT-only events. Races marked with All had all classes on track at the same time.


1990 IMSA GT Championship, Drivers Championships
Geoff Brabham won the GTP Drivers Championship driving a Nissan GTP ZX-T and a Nissan NPT-90.


1990 IMSA GT Championship, Manufacturers championships
A championship for manufacturers was awarded to each of the four classes. For the prototype classes, only the manufacturer of the engine was used rather than the manufacturer of the chassis.


1990 IMSA GT Championship, Manufacturers championships
Points were awarded to the top 10 on the scale of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1, with exception for the 12 Hours of Sebring, which added five points to each position on the scale, and the 24 Hours of Daytona, which added eight points.


1990 IMSA GT Championship, Manufacturers championships
Only the highest-ranking entry from a manufacturer was awarded points at each event. Any other finishes by that manufacturer were merely skipped.


1990 IPSC Handgun World Shoot
The 1990 IPSC Handgun World Shoot IV held in Adelaide, Australia was the 9th IPSC Handgun World Shoot, and was won by Doug Koenig of USA, the first competitor using a red dot sight at a World Shoot. Having been interested in shooting since being eleven years old, Koenig had been spotted at a local shooting club for his good natural abilities with a handgun.


1990 ITU Triathlon World Championships
The 1990 ITU Triathlon World Championships were held in Orlando, United States on September 15, 1990.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics
The 1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics (Spanish: IV Campeonato Iberoamericano de Atletismo) was the fourth edition of the international athletics competition between Ibero-American nations which was held at the Vila Olímpica in Manaus, Brazil from 14–16 September. Forty event finals were held and six championships records were set in Manaus.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics
The competition was beset with organisational problems and schedule clashes. Cuba, which had previously sent large delegations, was absent. Temperatures were extremely high (40° Celsius) during the three-day competition and consequently the plans for the marathon races, scheduled for the final day, were abandoned. The 1990 Central American and Caribbean Games was held in Mexico two months later and preparation for this larger meet meant other athletes chose not to compete at the Ibero-American Championships.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics
As a result, many of the events were principally contested between the top Brazilian and Spanish athletes, who won 31 of the 40 gold medals available between them. Brazil won the most event, with 17 golds and 37 in total, while Spain had the most medals overall with 43 (14 of them gold). Portugal were a distant third with two gold medals and twelve medals altogether.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics
Robson da Silva retained his 100 and 200 metres titles and won a third gold for Brazil in the relay. Antonio Peñalver (an Olympic medallist two years later) won the first decathlon to be held at the championships, while Orlane dos Santos won the inaugural women's heptathlon competition.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics, Participation
Of the twenty-two members of the Asociación Iberoamericana de Atletismo, fourteen were present at the fourth edition – a record low for the championships. A total 205 athletes competed. 214 participating athletes (including a couple of guest athletes) were counted by analysing the official result list.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results
These are the results of the 1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics which took place from 14 to 16 September 1990 at Vila Olímpica in Manaus, Brazil.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results, Men's results, 400 meters
Final Standings – 14 SeptemberThere was no proper 400m final. Rather, the athletes were classified according to their times achieved in the heat.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results, Women's results, 400 meters
Final Standings – 14 SeptemberThere was no proper 400m final. Rather, the athletes were classified according to their times achieved in the heat.


1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results, Women's results, 400 meters hurdles
Final – 15 SeptemberThere was no proper 400m hurdles final. Rather, the athletes were classified according to their times achieved in the heat.


1990 Icelandic Cup
The 1990 Icelandic Cup was the 31st edition of the National Football Cup.


1990 Icelandic Cup
It took place between 29 May 1990 and 27 August 1990, with the final played at Laugardalsvöllur in Reykjavik. The cup was important, as winners qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (if a club won both the league and the cup, the defeated finalists would take their place in the Cup Winners' Cup).


1990 Icelandic Cup
The 10 clubs from the 1. Deild entered in the last 16, with clubs from lower tiers entering in the three preliminary rounds. Teams played one-legged matches. In case of a draw, a penalty shoot-out took place (there were no replays, unlike in previous years).


1990 Icelandic Cup
For the first time in the history of the competition, the final finished in a draw after extra time. In contrast to other rounds, a replay took place, but this time, a penalty shoot-out took place when that match also ended in a draw. Valur Reykjavik won their sixth Icelandic Cup, and so qualified for Europe.


1990 Icelandic Cup, Final
Saevar Jonsson Steinar Adolfsson Anthony Karl Gregory Snaevar Hreinsson Gunnar Mar Masson


1990 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1990 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Vandals were led by second-year head coach John L. Smith, were members of the Big Sky Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome, an indoor facility on campus in Moscow, Idaho.


1990 Idaho Vandals football team
The three-time defending conference champion Vandals made the I-AA playoffs for the sixth consecutive season, under a third head coach. With future college hall of fame quarterback John Friesz in the NFL, Idaho was led by redshirt freshman Doug Nussmeier; they finished the regular season at 8–3 and 6–2 in the Big Sky. Nussmeier's season was ended by a broken right ankle in early October, and fifth-year senior Steve Nolan guided the team to seven consecutive wins, including a ninth-straight victory over rival Boise State.


1990 Idaho Vandals football team
The season ended in the quarterfinals in December, where Idaho lost by one point at Georgia Southern, the eventual national champion.


1990 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference
Four Vandals made the all-conference team: running back Devon Pearce, wide receiver Kasey Dunn, cornerback Charlie Oliver, and defensive end Jeff Robinson. Second team selections were guard Chris Hoff, tight end Scott Dahlquist, linebacker Jimmy Jacobs, and punter Joe Carrasco. Honorable mention were quarterback Steve Nolan, center Mike Rice, return specialist Roman Carter, and linebacker Mark Matthews.


1990 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference
Pearce shared the Big Sky's outstanding offensive player award with quarterback Jamie Martin of Weber State.


1990 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1990 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 6 to elect the Governor of the state of Idaho. Cecil Andrus, the Democratic incumbent, ran for an unprecedented fourth term. Roger Fairchild, a former state senate majority leader from Fruitland, won the Republican nomination in May, but was easily defeated in November by the popular Andrus.


1990 Idaho gubernatorial election
As of 2021, this is the last time a Democrat was elected Governor of Idaho.


1990 Idaho gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign
Although Fairchild attempted to capitalize on his business experience and Andrus' veto of a bill passed by the Idaho Legislature severely restricting abortion earlier in the year, the incumbent's personal popularity in Idaho proved to be too much to overcome.


1990 Ilhwa Chunma season
1990 Korean Professional Football League was the second season for Ilhwa Chunma. They finished the season at the bottom of the league table.


1990 Ilhwa Chunma season, Squad
Kim Kyung-Bum,  Moon Won-Geun,  Lim Jong-Heon,  Jung Young-Ho,  Bang In-Woong,  Kim Jae-So,  Han Yeon-Su,  Kim Ki-Wan


1990 Ilhwa Chunma season, Squad
Kim Hyun-Seok,  Choi Chung-Il,  Kim Young-Joo,  Lee Sang-Yoon,  Park Jong-Dae,  Park Sang-Rok,  Ha Sung-Jun,  Oh Dong-Cheon,  Ahn Ik-Soo,  Park Doo-Heung


1990 Ilhwa Chunma season, Squad
Yoo Seung-Gwan,  Ko Jeong-Woon,  Baek Jong-Chul,  Kim Yong-Se,  Kim I-Ju,  Son Woong-Jung


1990 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1990 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third year under head coach John Mackovic, the Illini compiled an 8–4 record, finished in a four-way tie for first place in the Big Ten Conference, were ranked #25 in the final AP Poll, and lost to Clemson in the 1991 Hall of Fame Bowl.


1990 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The team's offensive leader were quarterback Jason Verduzco with 2,567 passing yards, fullback Howard Griffith with 1,115 rushing yards, and Shawn Wax with 863 receiving yards.


1990 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Schedule
The non conference games for the Fighting Illini were against Arizona, Colorado and Southern Illinois.


1990 Illinois elections
Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 6, 1990. Primaries were held on March 20, 1990.


1990 Illinois elections
All statewide offices saw their incumbents forgo seeking reelection. However, no statewide office saw a change in party composition, with Republicans retaining the governorship and lieutenant governorship in their joint election, as well as the office of Secretary of State, and Democrats retaining the offices of Attorney General, Comptroller, and Treasurer.


1990 Illinois elections
Democrats retained their control of both chambers of the Illinois General Assembly.


1990 Illinois elections, Election information
1990 was a midterm election year in the United States.


1990 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout
For the primaries, turnout was 32.62%, with 1,962,284 ballots cast (with 1,123,972 Democratic ballots, 805,381 Republican ballots, 525 Illinois Solidarity, 21 Independent Progressive, and 32,385 nonpartisan ballots cast).


1990 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout
For the general election, turnout was 56.71%, with 3,420,720 ballots cast.


1990 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States Senate
Incumbent Democrat Paul Simon was reelected to a second term.


1990 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
All 22 of Illinois' seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1990.


1990 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
The Democratic Party flipped one Republican-held seat, making the composition of Illinois' House delegation 15 Democrats and 7 Republicans.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Governor and Lieutenant Governor
Incumbent Governor James R. Thompson did not seek reelection to a fifth term. Republican Jim Edgar was elected to succeed him in office, defeating Democrat Neil Hartigan by a narrow margin of about 80,000 votes.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General
Incumbent Attorney General Neil Hartigan, a Democrat, did not run for a third term, instead opting to run for governor. Democrat Roland Burris was elected to succeed him in office.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General, Democratic primary
Illinois Comptroller Roland Burris won the Democratic primary, running unopposed.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State
Incumbent Secretary of State Jim Edgar, a Republican first appointed in 1981 and subsequently reelected to two full terms, did not seek reelection to another term, instead opting to run for governor. Republican George Ryan was elected to succeed him in office.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State, Democratic primary
Illinois Treasurer Jerome Cosentino won the Democratic primary, running unopposed.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State, Republican primary
Lieutenant Governor of Illinois George Ryan won the Republican primary, running unopposed.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Comptroller
Incumbent Comptroller Roland Burris, a Democrat, did not seek reelection to a fourth term, instead opting to run for Attorney General. Democrat Dawn Clark Netsch was elected to succeed him in office.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Comptroller, Democratic primary
State Senator Dawn Clark Netsch defeated attorney Shawn Collins, State Representative Woody Bowman, and Kane County Democratic Party Chairman Bill Sarto.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Comptroller, Republican primary
Republican Sue Suter, the director of the Illinois Department of Public Aid who previously from 1984 until 1988 had been head of the  Illinois Department of Rehabilitation Services, won the Republican primary unopposed. This was Suter's first attempt at elected office.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer
Incumbent Treasurer Jerome Cosentino, a Democrat, did not run for what would have been a third overall (second consecutive) term, instead opting to run for Secretary of State. Democrat Pat Quinn was elected to succeed him in office.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, Democratic primary
Former Cook County Board of Tax Appeals commissioner and Chicago Revenue Director Pat Quinn defeated State Representative Peg McDonnell Breslin. Quinn previously had been an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in 1986.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, Democratic primary
Breslin had been the candidate endorsed by the Democratic Party organization.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, Republican primary
Former Illinois Secretary of Transportation Greg Baise won the Republican primary unopposed.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, General election
Baise campaigned on a message of conservatism. Quinn campaigned as a populist reformer in opposition to big government.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, General election
During the general election campaign, Quinn won the endorsement of the AFL–CIO.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate
Some of the seats of the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1990. Democrats retained control of the chamber.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives
All of the seats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1990. Democrats retained control of the chamber.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
An election was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois system for six-year terms.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
The election saw the reelection of incumbent Democrat Gloria Jackson Bacon to a second term and incumbent Republican Susan Loving Gravenhorst to a third term, as well as the election of new trustee Democrat Thomas R. Lamont.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures
Illinois voters voted on a single ballot measure in 1990. In order to be approved, the measure required either 60% support among those specifically voting on the amendment or 50% support among all ballots cast in the elections.


1990 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Redemption Periods for Property Sold for Non-Payment of Taxes
Voters approved Redemption Periods for Property Sold for Non-Payment of Taxes, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which amended Article IX, Section 8 of the Constitution of Illinois to reduce the redemption period on the tax sale of certain delinquent properties.


1990 Illinois elections, Local elections
Local elections were held. These included county elections, such as the Cook County elections.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election
The 1990 Illinois gubernatorial election was held in November 1990. Incumbent Governor James R. Thompson chose to retire instead seeking reelection to a fifth term. Republican candidate Jim Edgar won his first of two terms in office, defeating Democrat Neil Hartigan by a narrow margin of about 80,000 votes.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information
The primaries and general elections coincided with those for federal elections (Senate and House), as well as those for other state offices. The election was part of the 1990 Illinois elections.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout
For the primaries,  turnout for the gubernatorial primaries was 26.11%, with 1,570,596 votes cast and turnout for the lieutenant gubernatorial primaries was 21.67% with 1,303,250 votes cast. For the general election, turnout was 54.00%, with 3,257,410 votes cast.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
Illinois Attorney General Neil Hartigan won the Democratic gubernatorial nomination, running unopposed.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Lieutenant Governor
James B. Burns, future attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, won the Democratic nomination, running unopposed.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Governor
Illinois Secretary of State Jim Edgar defeated investor and political activist Steve Baer, as well as perennial candidate Robert Marshall.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Lieutenant Governor
Illinois State Senator Bob Kustra won the Republican primary for lieutenant governor.


1990 Illinois gubernatorial election, Solidarity primary
Only 13 votes were cast in the primary, all write in votes for Jeff W. Smith. The party, nevertheless, ultimately nominated Jessie Fields.


1990 Independence Bowl
Maryland and Louisiana Tech played to the only tie in Independence Bowl history as the Terrapins used a 14-6 fourth-quarter scoring advantage to tie. Tech running back Michael Richardson rushed for 81 yards and two touchdowns to earn offensive outstanding player honors. Louisiana Tech linebacker Lorenza Baker of Haughton earned outstanding defensive player honors.


1990 Independence Bowl, Invitation
Baylor University, then a member of the Southwest Conference, was extended an invitation to play in the 1990 Poulan Weed-Eater Independence Bowl before the last game of the season versus Texas. Coach Grant Teaff declined the invitation because the Bears still had an outside chance at the conference championship and an appearance in the Cotton Bowl. The Bears lost to Texas and did not play in a bowl game that season, despite finishing 6-4-1.


1990 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
Rajya Sabha elections were held in 1990, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.


1990 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections
Elections were held in 1990 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.


1990 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected
The following members are elected in the elections held in 1990. They are members for the term 1990-96 and retire in year 1996, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.


1990 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections
The following bye elections were held in the year 1990.


1990 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1990 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented Indiana University during the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was led by Bill Mallory, who served his seventh year as head coach of the Hoosiers. The Hoosiers participated in the Peach Bowl against Auburn, losing 27–23.


1990 Indianapolis 500
The 74th Indianapolis 500 was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Sunday, May 27, 1990. Dutchman Arie Luyendyk took the lead with 32 laps to go, and earned his first-ever victory in championship-level competition. It was the second consecutive year the Indy 500 was won by a foreign-born competitor, the first time that had occurred since 1965–1966. Luyendyk completed the 500 miles at an average speed of 185.981 mph (299.307 km/h), a record that stood for 23 years until 2013. In reference to the long-standing speed record, the 1990 race had often been referred to as "The Fastest 500."


1990 Indianapolis 500
Defending champion Emerson Fittipaldi started on the pole position and dominated the first half of the race. Setting a new track record in qualifying, Fittipaldi became the first driver to break the 225 mph barrier in time trials. He was looking to become the first back-to-back winner in twenty years. In the second half of the race, however, he fell victim to blistering tires, fell a lap down, and wound up finishing third. Bobby Rahal, the 1986 winner, was in position to win his second Indy 500, but he too suffered handling problems, which dropped him to second at the finish.


1990 Indianapolis 500
A. J. Foyt, making his 33rd consecutive Indy start, finished in sixth place. Rookie Jeff Andretti attempted to become the unprecedented fourth member of the Andretti family to qualify for the same race, but was bumped on the final day of time trials.


1990 Indianapolis 500
Rain hampered much of the month, washing out nearly the entire first weekend of time trials as well as two practice days. The 1990 race was also the first Indy 500 presided over by Tony George, who was named president of the Speedway in January.


1990 Indianapolis 500
The race was sanctioned by USAC, and was included as part of the 1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Rule changes
Controversy hovered over the month, regarding new aerodynamic rules. All teams utilizing 1989 (or older) model year chassis were required to affix a "diffuser" to the underbody ground effects tunnels, to reduce their depth by 2 inches - a rule intended to reduce downforce and curtail speeds. Competitors complained that the diffusers made their cars unstable and unbalanced, and were responsible for the increased number of practice crashes involving the older cars. Despite voiced complaints and meetings with officials, no changes were made to the rules. Ultimately, no major crashes occurred amongst the older cars during the race itself.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Rule changes
The Porsche Indycar team, led by Derrick Walker, was fresh off their first victory at Mid-Ohio in September 1989 with driver Teo Fabi. They planned to roll out a new March chassis for 1990, the first all-carbon fiber monocoque Indy car. Rules were evolving by the CART series (and likewise USAC) to eventually allow for all-carbon fiber chassis. Porsche interpreted the rules as permitting the car for 1990, provided they were granted a waiver, and embarked on the project. However, in January, the board of directors voted to disallow the chassis for competition in 1990. The Porsche team was forced to utilize a March chassis that was constructed with a then-standard aluminum bottom to adhere to the rules. All-carbon fiber monocoques would be delayed until 1991.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Rule changes
With the Pocono 500 disbanded after 1989, the 1990 Indy car season and beyond would no longer feature a "triple crown" of 500-mile races. The triple crown would not return until 2013.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Team and driver changes
Team and driver changes for 1990 were highlighted by Emerson Fittipaldi (and sponsor Marlboro) departing Patrick Racing and joining Penske Racing. The Penske team would be a three-car effort with Fittipaldi, Rick Mears, and Danny Sullivan.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Team and driver changes
Meanwhile, Chip Ganassi took over the assets of the former Patrick Racing, and it became Chip Ganassi Racing. Eddie Cheever, who had spent the past decade in Formula One, and was the United States' lone F1 participant, switched to the CART series for 1990 and took the seat. Target was brought in as the new sponsor for the budding team, beginning one of the longest tenures for an Indy car sponsor (1990-2016) in the history of the sport.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Team and driver changes
Bobby Rahal's KRACO team owned by Maurice Kranes merged with Rick Galles's and it became a two-car effort known as Galles-KRACO Racing. Al Unser, Jr. returned in the Valvoline-sponsored entry, and Rahal got use of the Chevy Ilmor V-8 engine for the first time.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Team and driver changes
Arie Luyendyk left Dick Simon Racing, and joined Doug Shierson Racing to drive the #30 Domino's Pizza "Hot One" Chevrolet entry. After two years with Judd power, Shierson also was granted a lease for the Chevy Ilmor engine.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Team and driver changes
Truesports driver Scott Pruett, who won the rookie of the year award in 1989, had a serious crash at West Palm Beach during preseason testing. He suffered serious leg injuries, and was forced to sit out the season for rehabilitation. Raul Boesel was hired to drive as a substitute. The Truesports team was already in development of their in-house "All American" chassis, which was scheduled to debut in 1991. For the 1990 season, the team utilized 1989 Lola/Judd machines to save cost. However, they re-fabricated the underbody of the cars in order to adhere to the new rules specifications, and avoided the need to use the aforementioned "diffusers."


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Team and driver changes
The Alfa Romeo Indy car effort, formerly headed up by Alex Morales Motorsports, was taken over in 1990 by a re-booted Patrick Racing. The Alfa Romeo engine had not been ready in time to race at the 1989 Indy 500, therefore 1990 would its first appearance at Indy. Roberto Guerrero, who drove for Morales in 1989, was kept on as the driver for 1990 at Patrick. Al Unser Sr., released by Penske, was brought in to enter a second team car at Indy and the other 500-miler at Michigan.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Construction
During the offseason, the Tower Terrace Extension grandstand was razed at the north end of the pit area. In its place, a new 900-foot long, 17,000-seat permanent double-decker grandstand was constructed. It featured aluminum chair-back bench seating, as well as modern restroom facilities and storefront space on the lower level. On the upper deck, 38 luxury suites were built, each with seats for 80 people.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Construction
In the south short-chute, near the museum, the first dedicated Wheelchair Accessible grandstand was constructed. With seating for 302 persons, (including non-handicapped "companion" seating), the Speedway introduced its first ADA-compliant grandstand.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Background, Construction
Across the street from turn one, a famous Speedway landmark, the brick smokestack of the former Prest-O-Lite company was demolished. For decades, the smokestack was said to be used by drivers to see clues about wind speed and direction. It was taken down by wrecking ball just two months after the 1990 race.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week)
During rookie orientation, driver Steve Barclay was injured in a crash, and was forced to sit out practice.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Opening day – Saturday May 5
Tero Palmroth of Dick Simon Racing earned the honor of first car out on the track on opening day. The first day of practice saw moderate activity, with Tom Sneva in a Buick-powered entry setting the fastest lap (215.646 mph).


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Opening day – Saturday May 5
Several drivers (Al Unser, Jr., Emerson Fittipaldi, Geoff Brabham, Bobby Rahal, and Danny Sullivan) were not present for opening day due to their participation in the first round of IROC XIV at Talladega. Unser, Jr., who finished second in that race, along with Rahal, did make it to Indianapolis in time to take a few practice laps.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Sunday May 6
History was made at Indy when four members of the same family practiced on the track at the same time. Mario, Michael, John, and Jeff Andretti all were on the track together for a brief time at 3:35 p.m.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Sunday May 6
Jim Crawford crashed in turn one 20 minutes before the track closed for the day.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Sunday May 6
Emerson Fittipaldi, taking his first laps of the month, topped the speed chart with a lap of 222.607 mph.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Monday May 7
Three crashes occurred on Monday. Johnny Rutherford, rookie Buddy Lazier, and Bill Vukovich III all suffered wall contact. Lazier hit the outside wall at the exit of turn four. Rutherford went high exiting turn two, and brushed the wall. Vukovich was the most serious, crashing hard in turn one, suffering a concussion.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Monday May 7
Rick Mears (224.398 mph) set the fastest lap, with Arie Luyendyk (222.816 mph) second and Emerson Fittipaldi (222.211 mph) third.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Tuesday May 8
Emerson Fittipaldi (223.286 mph) was the fastest of the day. Steve Chassey crashed in turn three.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Wednesday May 9
Johnny Rutherford had his second crash of the month. He spun in turn three, and crashed hard into the outside wall, suffering a concussion and knee injury.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Wednesday May 9
Al Unser, Jr. (220.507 mph) was the fastest of the day. Arie Luyendyk was second-fastest once again.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Thursday May 10
A cold, windy afternoon kept most cars off the track. Jim Crawford, driving his back-up car, was the fastest of the day at only 208.686 mph. Only two cars turned laps over 200 mph, and of the 12 drivers that completed laps, few took any laps at speed.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Thursday May 10
The track was closed 51 minutes early due to weather conditions. Only 74 laps were turned all day.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Friday May 11
On the final day of practice before time trials, the speeds climbed, and activity was heavy. At least 40 drivers took to the track, completing 1,517 laps.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Friday May 11
Two minor crashes occurred early in the afternoon. Rookies Jeff Wood and Jeff Andretti both suffered accidents. Wood hit the outside wall exiting turn one, then brushed it three more times as the car came to a stop. He was uninjured. Andretti spun in turn four, hitting the outside wall. The car was heavily damaged, but Andretti suffered only a bruised knee.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Friday May 11
Shortly after 4 p.m., Emerson Fittipaldi rans laps of 227.101 mph and 227.181 mph. They were the fastest unofficial laps in Indy history. Not to be upstaged, at 5:09 p.m., Al Unser, Jr. blistered the track with a lap of 228.502 mph, the fastest practice lap ever run at Indy.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Friday May 11
At 5:24 p.m., Jim Crawford suffered his second crash of the week. This accident, which occurred in the south short chute, was spectacular. He spun in turn one, hit the outside wall, then as the car came off wall, debris lifted the chassis airborne. It flew approximately 15–20 feet off the ground for as much as 280 feet, then came to the ground, upright. It continued to slide for another 360 feet and came to rest along the inside wall. Crawford was not seriously injured.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (first week), Friday May 11
The first week of practice ended with Unser, Jr., Fittipaldi, Rick Mears, and Mario Andretti topping the speed chart. All four had run laps over 225 mph.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (first weekend), Pole Day Part 1 – Saturday May 12
Pole day was scheduled for Saturday May 12, with Al Unser, Jr. and Emerson Fittipaldi the favorites for the pole position. Rain washed out the entire day. Pole qualifying was rescheduled for Sunday.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (first weekend), Pole Day Part 2 – Sunday May 13
On Sunday, rain threatened to wash out the entire weekend. Continuing rain, cool temperatures and "weepers" kept the cars off the track until after 2:30 p.m. Emerson Fittipaldi was the first driver to make a qualifying attempt, as time trials finally got underway at 4:34 p.m.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (first weekend), Pole Day Part 2 – Sunday May 13
Fittipaldi set new one and four-lap qualifying records to secure the provisional pole position. Each lap increased in speed. He became the first driver to officially break to 225 mph barrier at Indy.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (first weekend), Pole Day Part 2 – Sunday May 13
A hectic, abbreviated qualifying session saw 16 attempts before the track closed at 6 p.m. Rick Mears (224.215 mph) and Bobby Rahal (222.694 mph) tentatively rounded out the front row. The day ended when Rich Vogler wrecked in turn two on his third qualifying lap.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (first weekend), Pole Day Part 2 – Sunday May 13
Several drivers including Danny Sullivan, Al Unser, Jr., Arie Luyendyk, and A. J. Foyt, were left waiting in line at the 6 o'clock gun. They would have to wait until the following Saturday to have a shot at the pole position. Time trials was scheduled to pick up with the remainder of the pole round on Saturday.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (first weekend), Pole Day Part 2 – Sunday May 13
Scott Brayton took to the track for his attempt, but his crew forgot to wave the green flag to start the run. His run was negated, and he lost his opportunity to qualify in the pole position round.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (second week), Monday May 14
Arie Luyendyk, who was not able to qualify yet, was the fastest car of the day at 221.773 mph. Al Unser, Jr. concentrated on race day setups instead, and ran a lap of 220.496 mph.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (second week), Thursday May 17
Arie Luyendyk again led the speed chart, with a lap of 217.854 mph. Rookie Guido Daccò passed his rookie test, and Salt Walther took to the track for the first time.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (second week), Friday May 18
Al Unser, Jr. re-established himself as a threat for the pole position, running a lap of 224.995 mph, the fastest of the day. But before the day was over, he blew his qualifying engine, and the team was forced to install a back-up engine for time trials.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Practice (second week), Friday May 18
Arie Luyendyk was second-fastest at 223.586 mph, also making him a threat for the front row. Bernard Jourdain wrecked twice in three hours, first in his backup car, then in his primary car, requiring surgery and ending his month.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (second weekend), Pole Day Part 3 – Saturday May 19
On Saturday May 19, pole qualifying resumed, with 16 cars still eligible for the pole round. Arie Luyendyk (223.304 mph) squeezed onto the front row, bumping Bobby Rahal back to row two. The highly anticipated run by Al Unser, Jr. was a disappointment, as he only managed 220.920 mph, putting him in 7th starting position.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (second weekend), Pole Day Part 3 – Saturday May 19
By holding on to the second starting position, Rick Mears qualified on the front row for a record 10th time in his career. A total of 23 cars qualified during the pole round, and at 11:45 a.m., the original qualifying draw had exhausted. Emerson Fittipaldi officially won the pole position. It was the second year in a row the defending champion had won the pole, and Penske Racing swept 1st-2nd on the grid.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (second weekend), Pole Day Part 3 – Saturday May 19
"Third day" qualifying commenced at 11:50 a.m., with Johnny Rutherford waving off a slow run. Scott Brayton, who missed his chance to qualify on Sunday, put in a solid speed, as did Teo Fabi, who also missed out on the pole round. The two Alfa Romeo entries of Roberto Guerrero and Al Unser, Sr. put their cars safely in the field, as did Tom Sneva in a Buick.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (second weekend), Pole Day Part 3 – Saturday May 19
At 5:45 p.m., the field was filled to 33 cars, Mike Groff (203.643 mph) on the bubble. Jim Crawford then easily bumped out Groff. After two crashes, and two slow qualifying attempts, Johnny Rutherford (204.801 mph) was now on the bubble. Stan Fox bumped him out by over 9 mph, and for the second year in a row, Rutherford was in a position to miss the race.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (second weekend), Bump Day – Sunday May 20
Bump Day saw rain in the morning, and the track did not open until 2:30 p.m. As the day opened, rookie Buddy Lazier (209.418 mph) was on the bubble. After two attempts, John Paul, Jr. was able to bump out Lazier.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (second weekend), Bump Day – Sunday May 20
In the final 20 minutes, Salt Walther (attempting to make a comeback to racing) took to the track for his first qualifying attempt in ten years. Rookie Jeff Andretti (210.268 mph) was on the bubble. Andretti was trying to qualify for the first time, and also be the fourth member of the Andretti family to qualify for the same race. Walther completed his run at 210.558 mph, just fast enough to bump Andretti.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Time trials (second weekend), Bump Day – Sunday May 20
In the final 8 minutes, Walther was on the bubble, trying to hold on to the 33rd and final starting position. Johnny Rutherford made one last futile effort to bump his way in, but waved off after only two laps. That allowed just enough time for Rocky Moran to take to the track. His speed of 211.076 mph bumped out Salt Walther at the 6 o'clock gun, and the field was set for race day.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Start
After rain on Saturday, race day dawned sunny and warm. Temperatures were higher than expected, which ultimately led to poor chassis set ups and handling problems for many drivers.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Start
Emerson Fittipaldi took the lead from the start, and dominated the opening laps. The start was clean, and went 19 laps before the first caution. In turn one, Danny Sullivan's car broke a suspension piece, which sent his car spinning and he crashed hard into the outside wall.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
With Fittipaldi continuing to dominate, the top five was being battled amogst Bobby Rahal, Al Unser, Jr., and Arie Luyendyk. Rick Mears dropped back with handling issues, and fell a lap down.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Tony Bettenhausen Jr brought out the second caution, when he stalled in lap 45. He was towed back to the pits, and would continue for a time in the race. On lap 63, Mario Andretti and Raul Boesel suffered engine failures, and oil was reported on the track. At the same time, Pancho Carter slowed down the backstretch with a broken CV joint. In turn four, he spun due to the bad handling, and tagged the wall in turn 4. Carter was uninjured.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Emerson Fittipaldi continued to lead, and set a new Indy record by leading the first 92 consecutive laps. He lost the lead on lap 93 when he pitted. Arie Luyendyk took the lead for two laps, then relinquished the lead back to Fittipaldi when he himself pitted.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
At the halfway point, Fittipaldi had led 98 laps and was averaging 174.192 mph, just shy of the race record.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
Blistering tires began to be an issue with several drivers. The fast pace and the changing weather conditions were both factors. On lap 116, Emerson Fittipaldi ducked into the pits for a scheduled pit stop. That allowed Bobby Rahal to take the lead for the first time. The rest of the leaders cycled through stops, and Fittipaldi once again found the lead.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
On lap 136, leader Fittipaldi suddenly entered the pits for an unscheduled pit stop. He was the victim of a blistered right rear tire. Bobby Rahal took over the lead, and began to pull away. Arie Luyendyk was now running second, with Fittipaldi dropping to third, just in front of fourth place Al Unser, Jr.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
On lap 140, John Andretti brushed the wall in turn four, damaging the suspension. He continued down the frontstretch, and spun lazily in turn 1. It would be the final caution period of the day. Leader Bobby Rahal pitted under the caution, taking on fuel and only two tires (right sides only). The team was expressing concern about changing all four, as many teams were blistering tires. Luyendyk, however, took on four tires and fuel. Rahal and Luyendyk came back out on the track in that order, a few cars ahead of third place Fittipaldi.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
On lap 153, Fittipaldi was forced make another unscheduled pit stop for yet another blistered tire. This time he fell a lap down. He slipped to fourth, with Al Unser, Jr. passing him for third.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
Bobby Rahal continued to lead, but handling problems were starting to slow his pace. Having taken on only two tires, coupled with a damaged wing adjuster, was causing a pushing condition. Arie Luyendyk began to reel him in, and took over the lead with a pass in turn three on lap 168. Going into the race, Luyendyk had never led a lap at Indy, and had never won an Indy car race.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Both Luyendyk and Rahal needed one final pit stop to make it to the finish. Rahal pitted first, on lap 171. Luyendyk followed two laps later, and was able to get back out on the track ahead of Rahal. With Al Unser Jr. 30 seconds behind in third place, and Fittipaldi now a lap down in fourth, the race became a two-man duel between Luyendyk and Rahal - with Rahal seemingly unable to close the gap. Some observers were unsure if Luyendyk and Rahal could make it to the finish on fuel, but neither team planned to pit.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
In the final twenty laps, Luyendyk began to pick up the pace, and the average speed began to climb, well above the existing record. Al Unser Jr.'s chance at a third place were dashed when he was forced to make a pit stop for fuel on lap 187. Fittipaldi passed him for third, and set his sights on Luyendyk, trying to get his lap back. Luyendyk had begun to experience minor blistering on his tires, but not enough to cause concern. Rahal was still trailing in second place by over ten seconds.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
With three laps to go, Luyendyk led Rahal by 13.3 seconds. Third place Emerson Fittipaldi caught Luyendyk, and was attempting to un-lap himself. After closely pursuing for a couple laps he made his move on Luyendyk. Fittipaldi did so on the main stretch with one lap to go, which distracted Luyendyk, and he did not see the white flag. The next time around, the checkered flag was displayed, and Luyendyk won his first-career Indy car race.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
In victory lane an emotional Luyendyk was thrilled over his victory stating in a post-race interview: "I can't believe this. It feels like a dream. This is unbelievable. I don't care if we won by 60 miles per hour we still got first place and that's what counts."


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Third place Emerson Fittipaldi was disappointed about not repeating his victory after dominating the race. “I’m very disappointed,” Fittipaldi said. “It was a shame. Everything was under control. The car, she was flying. It’s the third time I’ve been leading and something happened. It seems that for my wins here, I have to be striving and then I can win.”


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Legacy
The record average speed of 185.981 mph (299.307 km/h) marked the fastest Indy 500 to-date, and the fastest 500-mile Indy car race to-date. The 500-mile speed record would later be broken at the 1990 Michigan 500. The 1990 average speed record would stand until 2013.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Legacy
Eddie Cheever was the highest finishing rookie in 8th plance. He was also named the rookie of the year.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Legacy
Luyendyk's win marked the lone victory for Lola at the Indianapolis 500 in the 1980s and 1990s. Lola returned to Indy car competition in 1983 with Mario Andretti, and quickly became a competitive chassis on the circuit. Despite the manufacturer's high level of success in the sport during that period, which saw six CART championships between 1984 and 1993, and saw them quickly displace March as the prominent customer chassis, Lola failed to win at Indianapolis again. The only previous victories to their credit at Indy were with Graham Hill in 1966 and with Al Unser Sr. in a modified Lola Chaparral in 1978. They would be upstaged numerous times by March, Penske and Reynard, until ceasing participation at the Indy 500 after 1996.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. A new era arrived at the network for 1990. Lou Palmer and the Speedway management parted ways. Bob Jenkins, a veteran on the crew as a turn reporter, as well as his work on ESPN, was named the new chief announcer and newest Voice of the 500.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Brian Hammons, who previously worked as a pit reporter on the ABC-TV crew, moved over to the radio network for 1990. Bob Lamey moved from turn two to the turn four position (vacated by Jenkins), and would remain there until 2000. For 1990, the reporting location in turn four was slightly shifted down the track, closer to the exit of the turn. Newcomer Gary Lee took over turn two, still positioned atop Turn Two Suites.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Longtime broadcast member Ron Carrell, who debuted in 1965 and served as both a turn reporter and pit reporter over the years, would make his final appearance on the crew in 1990. Carrell would die at the age of 75 on the morning of the 2012 race.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Johnny Rutherford failed to qualify for the race again, and returned to serve as "driver expert". Bob Forbes conducted the winner's interview in victory lane. One of the first changes Jenkins made to the broadcast was to eliminate commentary and reporting during the pre-race ceremonies. During the pre-race, the broadcast would instead simulcast the Speedway's public address system (Tom Carnegie, Jim Phillipe, John Totten, and Dave Calabro).


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Luke Walton, who was a longtime fixture of the radio network, had only served in a limited pre-race role from 1983 to 1988. He was not part of the crew in 1989 nor 1990. Three weeks after the 1990 race, on June 18, 1990, Walton died at the age of 83.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Jerry BakerTurn 2: Gary Lee  R Backstretch: Howdy BellTurn 3: Larry HenryTurn 4: Bob Lamey


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried live flag-to-flag coverage in the United States on ABC Sports. Paul Page served as host and play-by-play announcer, accompanied by Bobby Unser and Sam Posey. For the first time, the race was advertised as being broadcast in stereophonic sound.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
Pit reporter Brian Hammons departed, and was replaced by Gary Gerould (who switched over from the radio network). Jack Arute and Dr. Jerry Punch returned.


1990 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
For the second year in a row, the telecast would go on to win the Sports Emmy award for "Outstanding Live Sports Special." For the first time, on board telemetry was featured in one of the cars (Teo Fabi). In addition, the first "crew cam" was mounted on the headset of a pit crew member (for the car of Emerson Fittipaldi).


1990 Indianapolis Colts season
The 1990 Indianapolis Colts season was the 38th season for the team in the National Football League and seventh in Indianapolis. The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League's 1990 season with a record of 7 wins and 9 losses, and finished third in the AFC East division. Running back Eric Dickerson held out of training camp, during a contract dispute. The Colts suspended Dickerson four games for conduct detrimental to the team. He returned late in the season and rushed for 677 yards.


1990 Indianapolis Colts season
The Colts were embarrassed at home in week two by the putrid Patriots, losing 16–14 for New England's lone win of 1990.


1990 Indianapolis Colts season
On December 22, 1990, Monday Night Football was played two days early, on Saturday night. The 6-8 Colts played at home as underdogs against the Washington Redskins. Trailing 14–25 in the 4th quarter, rookie quarterback Jeff George led an improbable and spectacular comeback which included two touchdowns to tie the game with little time left. The Colts then intercepted Mark Rypien and returned the ball for the go-ahead touchdown. The Colts pulled off the upset in dramatic fashion with one of George's most memorable games of his career. He threw three touchdowns and no interceptions.


1990 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1990 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 25th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held on 10 and 11 March 1990 at the Ruddalen in Gothenburg in Sweden.


1990 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
Jarmo Hirvasoja became the first rider from Finland to take a World title in any discipline of speedway. Sergei Ivanov defeated Per-Olof Serenius in the race off for the bronze medal.


1990 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1990 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 20th edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 19 August 1990 at Herxheim in Germany which was West Germany at the time.


1990 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Simon Wigg of England for the third time.


1990 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship
The 1990 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 14th edition of the World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships. The event was won by Chris Louis of England.


1990 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship, World final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1990 Individual Speedway Latvian Championship
The 1990 Latvian Individual Speedway Championship was the 16th Latvian Individual Speedway Championship season. The final took place on 7 October 1990 in Riga, Latvia. The defending champion was Valery Sokolov.


1990 Individual Speedway Latvian Championship, Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1990 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 45th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship
The Final was held at the Odsal Stadium in Bradford, England. It would be the 28th and last time the World Final would be held in England under the traditional single meeting format.


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship
Sweden's Per Jonsson won his only World Individual Championship to become the first Swedish World Champion since Anders Michanek in 1974 and became the first rider to win both the Under-21 and Senior World Championships having previously won the 1985 Under-21 World Championship. Jonsson defeated Shawn Moran from the United States in a run-off after both finished the meeting on 13 points. Moran was later stripped of his second place by the FIM for failing a drug test taken at the Overseas Final.


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship
After Moran's disqualification, the FIM did not upgrade the placings, thus records show no second place rider for the 1990 World Final. Australian youngster Todd Wiltshire, believed by many judges to be one who would be making up the numbers in his first World Final, finished third with 12 points after winning his first two rides.


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship
After having won each World Final since 1984, including five 1-2 finishes and taking all podium places in 1988, the 1990 World Final saw no Danish riders finishing on the podium for the first time since 1983. Defending champion Hans Nielsen, the only Dane in the field following an injury to Jan O. Pedersen which kept him from riding, finished in 4th place with 11 points.


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship, Overseas Series, Commonwealth Final
* Todd Wiltshire replaced Australian qualifier Stephen Davies. David Bargh and Gary Allan replaced New Zealand qualifiers Larry Ross and Craig Wilkie


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1990 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification
* Henrik Gustafsson and Antonín Kasper Jr. replaced injured qualifiers Jan O. Pedersen and Gerd Riss


1990 Intercontinental Cup
The 1990 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 9 December 1990 between Milan of Italy, winners of the 1989–90 European Cup, and Olimpia of Paraguay, winners of the 1990 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the neutral venue of the National Stadium in Tokyo in front of 60,228 fans. Frank Rijkaard was named as man of the match.


1990 Intercontinental Final
The 1990 Intercontinental Final was the sixteenth running of the Intercontinental Final as part of the qualification for the 1990 Speedway World Championship. The 1990 Final was run on 12 August at the Hele Fyns Speedway Center in Fjelsted, Denmark, and was the last qualifying stage for riders from Scandinavia, the USA and from the Commonwealth nations for the World Final to be held at the Odsal Stadium in Bradford, England.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship
The 1990 International Formula 3000 Championship was a motor racing competition organised by the FIA for Formula 3000 cars. It was the sixth running of an FIA Formula 3000 Championship.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
The season began on a damp Donington Park track. On the second lap, Allan McNish and Emanuele Naspetti collided on the straight before the Esses. McNish�s car went over the concrete wall, and its engine broke away and killed a spectator. Meanwhile, the race continued uninterrupted and several drivers, including polesitter Andrea Montermini, spun off in the damp conditions. McNish�s DAMS Lola teammate Érik Comas took the victory.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
At the next round at Silverstone, Damon Hill overtook the two DAMS cars at the start, but suffered the same rear tire failure that had earlier claimed his teammate Gary Brabham. McNish took an emotional win just one week after his Donington crash.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
The third round at Pau had to be restarted twice after accidents caused traffic jams on the narrow streets. Marco Apicella took a commanding lead, but slid off into a tire barrier, leaving Eric van de Poele to take the win. Érik Comas won the next round at Jerez, with Apicella coming second. Comas won at Monza as well, this time pursued by Eddie Irvine.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
At Enna, a dusty track surface was exacerbated by the rubber �marbles� that resulted from the wearing tires. Many of the favorites spun out of the race, and Gianni Morbidelli won despite a spin of his own. Eddie Irvine managed to come in fourth with a broken front wing, having been off the track at least three times. Irvine won from Apicella at Hockenheim after polesitter Hill had spun off early.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
Allan McNish won on a drying Brands Hatch track as the series returned to England. Van de Poele took his second win of the year at the Birmingham Superprix, a race in which Fabrizio Barbazza walked away from a spectacular accident. On the Bugatti Circuit at Le Mans, championship leader Comas led away. He was challenged by Philippe Gache, who put in a surprising drive in a year-old Lola before retiring. Comas won the race and clinched the title. Van de Poele won in the wet at Nogaro to take second in the championship. The final round, scheduled to be held at Dijon-Prenois was cancelled. An official statement cited the Gulf crisis and French talks on tobacco sponsorship as the reasons behind the cancellation.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship, Final points standings, Driver
In each championship round, 9 points were awarded to the winning driver, 6 to the runner up, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. No additional points were awarded.


1990 International Formula 3000 Championship, Complete Overview
R6=retired, but classified  R=retired NS=did not start NQ=did not qualify DIS(3)=disqualified after finishing in third position


1990 International League
The 1990 Matchroom International League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from January to May 1990.


1990 International League, League phase
If points were level then match wins, followed by most frames won determined their positions. If two players had an identical record then the result in their match determined their positions. If that ended 4–4 then the player who got to four first was higher.


1990 International League season
The 1990 International League season took place from April to September 1990.


1990 International Rules Series
The 1990 International Rules Series was the fourth series between Australian rules footballers from Australia and Gaelic footballers from Ireland. The series took place in Australia and consisted of three test matches between the Australian and Irish international rules football teams. Ireland won the series by 2–1 and by 24 points over the three test matches.


1990 International Rules Series, Summary
Beitzel Medal (Best player for the series) — Jack O’Shea (Ireland)


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition
1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition was a 6,021-kilometre (3,741-mile), 220-day expedition and the first-ever non-mechanized crossing of Antarctica. The six-member, international team was co-led by U.S. team member, Will Steger and French team member, Dr. Jean-Louis Étienne. The other team members were Victor Boyarsky (Soviet Union), Geoff Somers (Great Britain), Qin Dahe (China) and Keizo Funatsu (Japan). The expedition was operated in partnership with the Soviet Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute through a joint venture. Primary expedition sponsors were W. L. Gore and Associates and Union d'Assurances de Paris (UAP).


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition
The expedition's purpose was to bring international attention to the continent of Antarctica and the early signs of climate change. The expedition's goal was to advocate for an environmental protocol and continuation of the Antarctic Treaty that would open up for review in 1991. Following the expedition, the six team members visited their countries' leaders and lobbied for the environmental protocol and Antarctic mining ban that were currently under discussion as addenda to the Antarctic Treaty.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition
A post-expedition article in the New York Times described the expedition: "The trip took seven months; the team endured temperatures that dipped to 113 degrees below zero and one storm that lasted 50 days. No one had ever tried a polar crossing of such length; it is unlikely anyone ever will again."


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, The route
The expedition traveled to Antarctica on a Soviet Ilyushin 76 from Minneapolis, Minnesota to King George Island and was transported from King George Island to its starting point, Seal Nunataks, on the Larsen Ice Shelf by Twin Otter. Beginning on the Antarctic Peninsula on July 26, 1989, the expedition traveled the length of the peninsula - the first to do so during the Antarctic winter. There, they encountered heavy storms, deep crevasses and hurricane-level winds. Once on the plateau, the expedition traveled at an average elevation of 3,000 metres (10,000 ft) along the Ellsworth and Thiel mountain ranges to the U.S. base at the South Pole, arriving on December 11, 1989.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, The route
The team then traveled through the area known as the "Area of Inaccessibility," a region east of the South Pole which, due to its extreme isolation, had never been crossed on the ground and rarely by airplane. The team then visited the Soviet base at Vostok on the continent's interior and finished at the Soviet scientific research base at Mirnyy on March 3, 1990, as Antarctica winter set in once again. The team was evacuated from the continent by Soviet ship, the Professor Zubov.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, Logistics
The team traveled by dogsled: three sleds and a rotation of 36 dogs. From the Antarctic Peninsula to the South Pole, the expedition was supported by caches that had been placed at regular intervals during the previous summer season. These caches were supplemented by several Twin Otter flights that carried food, rested dogs and a film crew and photographer to meet the expedition. Several of the caches were not found, as they had been buried too deep by drifting snow.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, Logistics
From the South Pole to the Soviet's Vostok Station, the team was resupplied by a Twin Otter that was stationed at the South Pole. From Vostok to the finish, the expedition was supported by Soviet trucks that moved 80 kilometres (50 mi) in front of the expedition, dropping supplies and staying close enough for rescue, should it be needed.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, Logistics
Primary navigation was done by sextant. The team also carried with them a GPS prototype that allowed trackers in France to pinpoint the team's location once a day and retrieve a 36-character message from the team. The team carried a 110-watt radio which allowed them, when reception permitted, to receive their satellite-tracked location from support crew on stand-by in Chile.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, Logistics
Dr. Qin Dahe, the expedition's Chinese team member, collected snow samples every 50 kilometres (30 mi) across the continent to measure evidence of climate changes over time. After the expedition, Dr. Qin earned a senior position in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an organization that won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007. In 2013, Qin Dahe received the Volvo Environment Prize. Other scientific research on the expedition included psychological and blood sampling on behalf of the European Space Agency (Dr. Jean-Louis Étienne), and ground ozone readings by Soviet team member, Victor Boyarsky.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, Logistics
Broadcast rights to expedition coverage were sold in 52 countries and the first-ever international live broadcast from Antarctica occurred at the expedition's end. Five ABC Sports Trans-Antarctica specials were broadcast in the United States over the seven-month period, one of which earned a 1989 Emmy Award for best sports programming special. A full-length feature film was distributed in France.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, Logistics
Trans-Antarctica organizers estimated that the expedition reached over 10 million school children worldwide, with printed materials, regular updates by facsimile (FAX), a phone hot-line, museum exhibits at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie in Paris and the Science Museum of Minnesota, a truck outfitted to be a traveling display, and regular reports in publications like Weekly Reader and China Youth Daily.


1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, Logistics
In 1996, Will Steger was named the first National Geographic Society Explorer-in-Residence and earned the National Geographic John Oliver La Gorce Medal, awarded only nineteen times in the society's history. Following the expedition, Will Steger founded the Center for Global Environmental Education at Hamline University in St. Paul, Minnesota, and the Will Steger Foundation, now called the Climate Generation, A Will Steger Legacy. The organization encourages young people to take action on climate issues. Following the expedition, Jean-Louis Etienne led numerous expeditions in the Arctic and Antarctic.


1990 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 1990 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the  Ligue d'Alsace de Tenis in Strasbourg, France that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 21 May until 27 May 1990. Unseeded Mercedes Paz won the singles title.


1990 Internationaux de Strasbourg, Finals, Doubles
Nicole Provis /  Elna Reinach defeated  Kathy Jordan /  Elizabeth Smylie 6–1, 6–4


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster
The 1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster was a transportation accident that occurred on the morning of December 11, 1990 on a section of Interstate 75 (I-75) near Calhoun, Tennessee, during dense fog which obscured the visibility of motorists. The accident occurred in an area where fog is common and had been the site of previous multi-vehicle accidents caused by poor visibility. It consisted of a series of multi-vehicle collisions that ultimately involved 99 vehicles, and resulted in 12 deaths and 42 injuries.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster
It was reportedly the largest motor vehicle accident in United States history when it occurred, in terms of the number of vehicles, and was the largest and second deadliest vehicle accident in Tennessee history to the 1972 Bean Station bus-truck collision, which killed 14. The disaster resulted in multiple safety improvements to the section of I-75 where the accident occurred.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Background
The stretch of I-75 where the accident occurred consists of an approximately 10-mile (16 km) section in Bradley and McMinn counties between mileposts 29 and 39 that is prone to dense fog, which often appears rapidly. It is located about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Chattanooga and 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Knoxville. The stretch is located within two separate valleys bounded by ridges within the Ridge and Valley Appalachians and is bisected by the Hiwassee River, which forms the boundaries between the two counties.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Background
Multiple creeks that span both the valleys that the Interstate is in and adjacent valleys flow into the Hiwassee River near where the Interstate crosses. The Chickamauga Dam, located downstream from this section of the Hiwassee on the Tennessee River, creates a reservoir which backs up into this section of the Hiwassee River, and as a result creates large lakes near the Interstate where creeks run into the Hiwassee. The Hiwassee River bridges are at one of the lowest elevations on I-75 in Tennessee.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Background
A paper mill operated by Resolute Forest Products, formerly Bowater, is located on the north bank of the Hiwassee about three miles (4.8 km) east of the Interstate in Calhoun. The plant operates wastewater treatment settling ponds adjacent to the Interstate and owns land on both sides of the Interstate at the accident site. All of these factors have been provided as explanations for why fog is unusually common in this area.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Background
The section of I-75 where the crash occurred was first opened to traffic on December 24, 1973. The first multivehicle accident during heavy fog on this section occurred on March 9, 1974. This accident involved 18 vehicles, and resulted in 3 deaths and 10 injuries. A total of five additional fog-related multi-vehicle accidents occurred along this stretch in the 1970s. The largest of these accidents took place on November 5, 1978, on the Hiwassee River bridges. This accident involved 62 vehicles, and resulted in 46 injuries.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Background
The final multivehicle accident along this stretch before the 1990 accident occurred on April 15, 1979. This accident involved 18 vehicles, and resulted in 3 deaths and 14 injuries. Both of these accidents were investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which concluded that the differing reactions of drivers to the fog were major contributors to the causes of both accidents. Some also questioned if Bowater's nearby settling ponds were a factor in the formation of the fog that preceded these accidents.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Background
Bowater denied responsibility for any of the fog that led to these accidents, but reached an out-of-court settlement with family members of two of the victims of the 1979 crash. As a result of the 1979 pileup, the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) installed dual warning signs the following year which read "Extreme Dense Fog Area Next 5 Miles" along this stretch in each direction, which contained flashing lights that would activate if fog was detected.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Background
The Tennessee Highway Patrol (THP) also began sending troopers to each end of the fog zone to ensure that motorists would slow down on foggy days. The northbound sign's lights were reportedly not working on this day, and the southbound sign's lights had been flashing continuously for the past three days, which was believed to have caused some motorists to ignore them.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Accident and response
The accident began on December 11, 1990, around 9:10 a.m. Eastern Time when a tractor-semitrailer slowed in the southbound lanes of I-75 near the State Route 163 (SR 163) interchange (exit 36) in McMinn County less than one mile (1.6 km) north of the Hiwassee River Bridges. This vehicle was quickly struck from behind by another tractor-trailer that had failed to slow. Both drivers were uninjured and quickly exited their vehicles. At around the same time a passenger car struck the second truck which was then struck by another semi-truck.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Accident and response
This collision started a fire which killed the occupants of the car and quickly consumed three vehicles. The accident spread to the northbound lanes around this time when a passenger car slowed near the site of the accident in the southbound lanes and was subsequently struck by another car from behind. These vehicles were then struck by a pickup truck, which started a chain reaction that quickly spread to other vehicles. Over the next several minutes, a series of chain-reaction crashes occurred which ultimately consumed 99 vehicles and resulted in 12 deaths and 42 injuries. Some of the crashes set off multiple explosions and fires. The crash site extended 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) north and south of where the crash began. Of the 99 vehicles involved in the crash, 72 had been traveling in the southbound lanes, and 27 in the northbound lanes.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Accident and response
Many of the vehicles involved in the accident were damaged or burned beyond recognition, while others received only minor damage. Some of the injured received severe burns, and some of the victim's bodies were burned beyond recognition. Most survivors and first responders reported having breathing problems due to smoke inhalation. Some of the fires ignited by the crashes burned hot enough to damage the asphalt.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Accident and response
The first 9-1-1 call was received by the Bradley County Sheriff's Office dispatcher at 9:14 a.m., and the first law enforcement officer arrived on the scene three minutes later as the accident was still occurring. He immediately radioed for back up and emergency medical services. He also sent out a plea for the Interstate to be closed. Within minutes, additional law enforcement and EMS personnel from multiple agencies arrived on the scene. More than 200 rescue personnel, some from as far away as Chattanooga and Knoxville, eventually arrived on the scene. Injured victims from the crash were taken to hospitals in nearby Cleveland and Athens, as well as in Chattanooga and Knoxville. A team of investigators from the NTSB later arrived to investigate the cause of the disaster.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Investigation
Multiple survivors described the fog as rapidly appearing, with one survivor stating "it was like somebody throwing a blanket across your windshield". The fog was also described by witnesses as unusually thick, obscuring visibility to near zero. One survivor stated that he stood underneath the SR 163 overpass and could not see the bridge above him. Multiple witnesses reported either light fog or no fog at all prior to the accident. Initial reports stated that at least 15 people were killed and more than 50 injured, but investigators later determined that 12 people had been killed and 42 people treated for injuries.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Investigation
The NTSB report on the accident was released on September 28, 1992. It concluded that the probable cause of the accident was "drivers responding to the sudden loss of visibility by operating their vehicles at significantly varying speeds". The report also identified four major safety issues associated with the crash, and made recommendations to address these issues to a number of agencies including the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), TDOT, THP, multiple local law enforcement agencies, and multiple private companies and organizations. The recommendations to TDOT and the THP included the installation of a fog detection system and a system to warn and slow drivers through the area when fog is present.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Investigation
Due to the rapid appearance and thickness of the fog, many immediately suspected once again that the nearby Bowater paper mill and its settling ponds may have played a role in the fog's formation. The NTSB report on the accident stated that the settling ponds and steam emitted from the Bowater plant, as well as other nearby plants, may have played a role in the formation of the fog, but did not conclude this with absolute certainty.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Investigation
Many meteorological experts believed that the fog's rapid appearance may have been caused by a temperature inversion, due to the fact that the temperature in the area had varied by 32 °F (18 °C) the previous day, while others also suspected that Bowater may have played a role. A study conducted by the University of Tennessee at the request of TDOT in January 1979 had listed the settling ponds as possible contributors to fog in the area but concluded that further research was needed to confirm this.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Investigation
The report recommended more extensive studies be conducted, and in 1980 the state proposed spending $100,000 (equivalent to $265,791 in 2019) to directly study the emissions from Bowater and whether or not they contributed to the fog, but the study was later cancelled. Critics alleged that the state cancelled the study due to political pressure from Bowater. Bowater also commissioned a study in 1979 in an effort to counter the UT study, which instead concluded that Bowater's emissions did contribute to the fog, but not to what extent. A study conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy in 1981 concluded that the presence of Bowater made dense fog in the area three times more likely than under normal conditions.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Aftermath
Bowater denied any responsibility for the fog that formed on the day of the accident, and instead claimed that dense fog had been a natural occurrence even before the plant had been constructed. Bowater also accused the State of Tennessee of failing to implement necessary fog detection and warning equipment along that stretch of I-75. They did, however, agree to an out-of-court settlement of $10 million (equivalent to $16 million in 2019) with 44 victims and family members of victims in January 1994. They also agreed to limit the usage of the 235-acre (95 ha) pond closest to the Interstate.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Aftermath
Others echoed Bowater's criticism of TDOT for failing to implement a proper fog detection system after the accidents in the 1970s. TDOT eventually paid $800,000  to settle lawsuits that alleged negligence of the conditions of the area. As a result of the accident, TDOT instituted several safety measures along this stretch of highway. The stretch of I-75 between mileposts 31 and 39 was designated as a "fog advisory zone" or "fog advisory area", which contains large warning signs on both sides of the road in both directions that warn motorists when they are entering and leaving the area.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Aftermath
Most of the roadway was re-striped in this zone with extra painted markings and reflectors to make it more visible to drivers. A $4.5 million (equivalent to $7.34 million in 2019) computerized fog detection system was installed in this area in 1993. This system monitors three miles (4.8 km) of the highway north and south of the Hiwassee River with nine forward scatter visibility sensors, 14 microwave radar vehicle detectors, and 21 closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Aftermath
It is connected to a warning system that contains flashing lights, electronic signs, and variable speed limits within the fog advisory zone, and electronic controlled swing gates which block access to the interstate from six entrance ramps in and near this stretch in the event of dense fog. The system automatically drops the speed limit from 70 to 50 miles per hour (113 to 80 km/h) when visibility drops below 1⁄4 mile (0.40 km), and to 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) when the visibility drops below 480 feet (150 m).


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, Aftermath
The swing gates at the entrance ramps activate when visibility drops below 240 feet (73 m). The system began operation in December 1993, and in 2006, a $6.6 million (equivalent to $8.23 million in 2019) upgrade was completed which installed the video cameras. Since the system's implementation, no major multi-vehicle wrecks have occurred along this stretch in foggy conditions. The stretch was first closed due to fog on the mornings of December 15 and 16, 2015.


1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster, In popular culture
The accident was the subject of a 1997 Forensic Files episode titled "Killer Fog". Dr. Lawrence Weiss' 2004 book Collision on I-75, published by the American Public Health Association, is about the accident and the events leading up to it. A chapter about the event is included in the 2012 book Tennessee Tragedies: Natural, Technological, and Societal Disasters in the Volunteer State, written by former TEMA official Allen R. Coggins. The first chapter in author Dewaine A. Speaks' 2019 book Historic Disasters of East Tennessee chronicles the event.


1990 Intertoto Cup
In the 1990 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1990 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into 11 groups of 4 teams each.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium and were led by legendary coach Hayden Fry.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
After starting 7–1 and rising to #6 in the polls, Iowa finished the season with an 8–4 record (6–2 Big Ten), winning a four-way tie for the Big Ten Conference championship by defeating the three other teams atop the conference standings – Michigan, Michigan State, and Illinois – in their respective head-to-head matchups. The Hawkeyes earned their third trip to Pasadena in ten years, but fell behind early in the 1991 Rose Bowl and lost 46–34 to the Washington Huskies. It would be another 25 years before Iowa would make a return trip to the Rose Bowl.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Cincinnati
Kicking off the start of the 1990 Iowa Hawkeye season, the Hawks welcomed in the Cincinnati Bearcats. The Bearcats finished out the '89 season at 1–9–1 as the Hawks finished out at 5–6. In a game that ended up in a blowout, the Hawks cruised to a 63–10 win. Iowa managed to set records as well as they pummeled the Cincinnati defense. After Cincinnati built a 7–0 lead after an interception and a 1-yard touchdown run from Joe Abrams, the Hawks took command for the afternoon.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Cincinnati
After a scoreless first quarter, quarterback Matt Rodgers led the Hawks to 28 unanswered points, following two touchdowns from Rodgers, and one each from running backs Nick Bell and Tony Stewart. Cincinnati scored its last points of the game with a late field goal and ended the half with Iowa up 28–10. After halftime, Iowa went on cruise control. Iowa went on to score 21 points in the 3rd and 14 in the 4th to win the contest 63–10. Rodgers ended the game going 15–27 on passes with 191 yards. Hawkeye offense racked up 662 yards with 455 yards rushing. The defense was excellent as well. The Bearcats were allowed only 4 first downs and 69 yards rushing.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Iowa State
The Hawkeyes won a high-scoring affair with in-state rival Iowa State, their eighth in a series of fifteen straight wins in the rivalry.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Miami (FL)
After pulling to within 24–21 midway through the third quarter, Iowa fell to the mighty Miami Hurricanes in the Orange Bowl, 48–21. It was Miami's 33rd consecutive home win. Even in showing some competitiveness at the game in Miami, FL, few Hawk fans could have guessed what was going to follow, especially following the 5–6 debacle of the previous season, which represented the first season Iowa had not gone to a bowl since 1980.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Michigan State
In opening Big Ten play, Iowa started what ended up being their third Rose Bowl run in ten seasons. What set this conference season apart from others was that the Hawkeyes played most of their best football on the road. In weeks 1, 3, and 5, Iowa upset what ended up being the other three teams that tied for the Big 10 championship that season, all at their home venue. First was a wind-blown, defensive struggle at East Lansing, with Iowa holding onto a 12–7 victory. Hayden Fry admitted after the game that every pass he had Matt Rodgers throw was with the wind, which was blowing at a diagonal across Spartan Stadium.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Wisconsin
After falling behind 10–3, the Hawkeyes scored the final 27 points of the game to earn a victory over the Badgers in the first meeting between Hayden Fry and former Iowa assistant Barry Alvarez.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Michigan
After a win over (what ended up being cellar-dweller) Wisconsin at home, Iowa traveled to the Big House in Ann Arbor. The Wolverines were still smarting after a tight, tough loss the previous week against Michigan State and it was Homecoming week. But Iowa kept it close throughout. Following a botched two-point conversion by the Wolverines after they had taken a 20–10 lead, the Hawkeyes went to work. Following one Hawkeye touchdown countered by a Michigan field goal, the Hawkeyes put together a drive for the ages, never facing a third-down.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Michigan
Tony Stewart grabbed the last of a series of key passes from Matt Rodgers with one hand, giving the Hawkeyes the ball at the Michigan 1-yard line. Paul Kujawa ran it in from there, and with the extra point, the Hawks took the lead by the eventual final score of 24–23. A sack by Moses Santos and an interception by linebacker John Derby sealed the stunner. It was Michigan's first loss on Homecoming since the 1967 season.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Northwestern
Nick Bell rushed 16 times for 136 yards and 3 touchdowns. Tony Stewart added 122 yards on 15 carries as the Hawkeyes rushed for 371 yards.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Illinois
The Hawks key road triumphs weren't finished as they traveled to Champaign, Illinois. Against an Illinois team that had the inside track to the Rose Bowl, Iowa put together one of their best offensive games in the Fry era, especially for a key road game. The Hawkeyes used an early fumble by the Illini to begin an exhibition by RB Nick Bell, the likes of which had rarely been seen in the Big 10 between two undefeated teams (in conference play). Bell literally ran over the Illini, scampering for 130 yards in the 1st quarter alone.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Illinois
The Hawks led by an amazing 28–0 early in the second quarter, and they stretched it to 44–14 by the end of the 3rd quarter, before settling for a 54–28 final. It was most likely from the efforts of that game that Nick Bell was named by the media as the Big 10 player of the year.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
The Hawkeye bubble burst in Iowa City with a last-second loss to Ohio State. Buckeye WR Bobby Olive caught the game winning TD, his second scoring reception of the 4th quarter, from QB Greg Frey with 0:01 left on the clock. Ohio State also scored a 48-yard touchdown as the first half expired.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Purdue
The Hawkeyes, entering as 26-point favorites, bounced back with what proved to be a Big 10-clinching win at home against Purdue.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Minnesota
Knowing that they were Rose Bowl-bound before they even took the field, the Hawkeyes dropped their final road game at Minnesota, 31–24. In that game, Tony Stewart became the Hawkeyes all-time leading rusher (at least at that time), though he lost a key fumble on that play.


1990 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Rose Bowl
The Rose Bowl placed an over-matched Iowa against one of the best teams in the country that season, the Washington Huskies, led by head coach Don James. The Hawkeyes trailed badly at the half and trailed 39–14 after three quarters. With Washington reserves taking over in the fourth quarter, Iowa scored two touchdowns to draw within thirteen. With another Washington touchdown the margin was back to twenty, and Iowa's late last score and conversion brought them to within a dozen where the game ended, 46–34. It was Hayden Fry's last trip to Pasadena, and he ended up 0–3 in those games.


1990 Iowa Senate election
The 1990 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1990 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in half of the state senate's districts--the 25 odd-numbered state senate districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate, with half of the seats up for election each cycle. A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the year 1990 is provided by the Iowa General Assembly


1990 Iowa Senate election
The primary election on June 5, 1990 determined which candidates appeared on the November 6, 1990 general election ballot. Primary election results can be obtained here. General election results can be obtained here.


1990 Iowa Senate election
The 1990 elections were the last in Iowa in which the Lieutenant Governor performed the duties of "President of the Senate." Starting on January 14, 1991, with the enactment of Article IV, section 18, of the Constitution of Iowa, the duties of Iowa's Lieutenant Governor no longer include presiding over the state Senate. The Majority Leader was instead the sitting Senate member who led the larger party. Following 1991, the President of the Iowa Senate would become a sitting member of the Senate.


1990 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election in 1988, Democrats had control of the Iowa state Senate with 30 seats to Republicans' 20 seats.


1990 Iowa Senate election
To take control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans needed to net 6 Senate seats.


1990 Iowa Senate election
Democrats kept their control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1990 general election, with Democrats holding 28 seats and Republicans having 22 seats after the election (a net gain of 2 seats for the Republicans).


1990 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1990 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big Eight Conference. The team was coached by head coach Jim Walden.


1990 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1990 Iowa gubernatorial election took place November 8, 1990. Incumbent Republican Governor of Iowa Terry Branstad ran for re-election to a third term as governor. On the Democratic side, state representative Donald Avenson won his party's nomination and both Branstad and Avenson moved on to the general election. Branstad won re-election to a third term as governor, defeating Avenson by a margin of over 20 points.


1990 Ipswich Borough Council election
The 1990 Ipswich Borough Council election was an election to the Ipswich Borough Council under the arrangement, whereby a third of the councillors were to stand for election, each time.


1990 Ipswich Borough Council election
It took place as part of the 1990 United Kingdom local elections.


1990 Ipswich Borough Council election
There were 16 wards each returning one councillor plus two bye-elections one each for Whitehouse and Whitton Wards. The Labour Party retained control of the Council.


1990 Iranian Assembly of Experts election
The second Iranian Assembly of Experts election was held on October 8, 1990 to elect all 83 members in 24 constituencies. The election was the first election of the assembly since Ayatollah Khomeini's death and election of Ali Khamenei as the new Supreme Leader. This election had the lowest turnout in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran with 37.09% of the eligible voters participating.


1990 Iranian Assembly of Experts election
Out of 180 individuals registered to run, 109 (60.55%) were qualified by the Guardian Council. The council disqualified many left-wing clerics including Mehdi Karroubi, Sadegh Khalkhali, Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur, Hadi Khamenei and Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani. As a sign of protest, the leading leftist party Association of Combatant Clerics decided not to endorse any candidate and some withdrew from the elections, most notably Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha.


1990 Iranian Assembly of Experts election
During elections, some candidates tried to argue that the assembly was authorized to exercise continuous supervision over the Supreme Leader's policies and activities. In practice, however, the assembly had exercised no such mandate.


1990 Iranian Assembly of Experts election
Ahmad Khomeini, Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi and Mohammad Yazdi were among the newly elected members of the assembly.


1990 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1990 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 15 September 1990.


1990 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner The Other Toss won £30,000 and was trained by Matt O'Donnell, owned by John Houilhan and bred by Michael Lonergan. The race was sponsored by the Kerry Group's dog food product 'Respond'.


1990 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The short lived points system used in the 1989 Irish Greyhound Derby had been scrapped to the relief of the Irish racing public. However, there was a repechage which was lucky for Phantom Flash because the Nick Savva trained black dog failed to progress in the qualifying round. The ante-post favourite with a huge reputation had a chance to make amends and did with an extremely fast 30.24 to progress; it was better than the best qualifying round time of 30.50 set by Ballybrack Charm.


1990 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the first round Phantom Flash went even faster defeating kennelmate Westmead Harry by six lengths in 30.10 and Ger McKenna had a treble with Concentration, Itsallovernow and Bordout. Adraville Bridge second in the betting behind Phantom Flash failed to make the second round following a virus and he was a non-runner.


1990 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Phantom Flash, The Other Toss and Maryville Kyle all impressed in round two and going into the semi-finals Phantom Flash was hot favourite to become the first ever British Bred winner of the classic. He scored an easy semi-final victory from Rosden Speedy and The Other Toss (who was 100-1 before the competition started) won again from Monaleen Stag. Finally Toss Pit scored a win ahead of Pets Echo to complete the final line up.


1990 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final as the traps lifted Phantom Flash made a terrible start ending his hopes. Pets Echo and The Other Toss made great starts and the latter soon took the lead from Pets Echo and ran out an impressive winner. The unlucky Phantom Flash made good ground to finish third.


1990 Irish Masters
The 1990 Irish Masters was the sixteenth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from 27 March to 1 April 1990. The tournament was played at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured twelve professional players.