1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Alps
Going into the town of Chambéry, site of the World Championships one month later, Lejarreta misjudged a roundabout and crashed, taking all riders with him but Delgado, who waited for the others to remount and join him. The five riders settled the stage win in a sprint finish, with LeMond taking the honours, although the difference between him and Fignon in the overall standings remained at 50 seconds.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Finale
With the final-stage time trial to Paris looming ahead, the field took a steady pace on stage 20 from Aix-les-Baines to L'Isle d'Abeau. Fignon put in a less-than-serious attack, but was quickly brought back. In the run-in to the finish, Phil Anderson (TVM–Ragno) attacked, but was recaptured. Then, about 275 m (301 yd) from the line, Nijdam attempted to go for a third stage win, but was beaten to the line by Giovanni Fidanza (Chateau d'Ax), with Kelly taking third.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Finale
After stage 19, Fignon had developed saddle sores, which gave him pain and made it impossible to sleep the night before the time trial. He was however still confident that he would not lose his 50-second advantage on LeMond during the 24.5 km (15.2 mi) from Versailles to the Champs-Élysées. In the final-day time trial, LeMond again opted for the aerodynamic handlebars, a tear-drop helmet, and a rear disc wheel. Fignon meanwhile used two disc wheels, but ordinary handlebars and was bareheaded, his ponytail moving in the wind.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Finale
When Fignon reached the half-distance time check, LeMond had taken 21 seconds out of his lead. LeMond finished with a time of 26:57 minutes, the fastest-ever time trial in the history of the Tour, at 54.545 km/h (33.893 mph). As LeMond collapsed on the floor from exhaustion, Fignon made his way to the finish. He ended with a time of 27:55 minutes. With an average speed of 52.66 km/h (32.72 mph), it was the fastest time trial he had ever ridden.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Finale
Nevertheless, he finished third on the stage, 58 seconds down on LeMond, and therefore lost the race by the slight margin of eight seconds. A November 1989 Bicycling article, supported by wind-tunnel data, estimated that LeMond may have gained one minute on Fignon through the use of the new aerobars. As of 2020, eight seconds is still the smallest winning margin in Tour de France history. This was the final Tour de France stage win of LeMond's career. Further down the classification, Millar lost ninth place to Kelly during the final-day time trial. Hermans became the second-ever stage winner to finish the Tour de France in last place, after Pietro Tarchini in 1947. He had already been the lanterne rouge in the 1987 Tour. Of the 198 starters, 138 reached the finish of the last stage in Paris.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Aftermath
– Greg LeMond speaking about Laurent Fignon and reactions to his defeat in the 1989 Tour.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Aftermath
LeMond's unexpected Tour victory resulted in significant media attention, with sports writer Nige Tassell describing it in 2017 as "now the biggest sports story of them all". Not only had LeMond overcome a significant time deficit, he had also won the Tour after coming back from a near-fatal hunting accident. Owing to its small margin of victory and exciting racing, the 1989 Tour has repeatedly been named as one of the best editions of all time.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Aftermath
In 2009, journalist Keith Bingham called it "the greatest Tour of them all", while Cyclingnews.com in 2013 described it as "arguably the best [Tour] there's ever been". American media, traditionally not overly interested in cycling, made his victory headline news and TV broadcasters interrupted their regular programming to break the news. Sports Illustrated, who named LeMond their Sportsperson of the Year, called it a "heroic comeback". A month after the Tour, LeMond also won the Road World Championship race in Chambéry, with Fignon coming in sixth.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Aftermath
Owing to LeMond's overall victory, ADR received the largest share of the prize money, at £185,700, followed by £129,000 for PDM and £112,700 for Super U. However, ADR became the lowest-ranked team in the history of the Tour up to that point to include the overall winner, placing 17th in the team classification. Apart from LeMond, only three other ADR riders finished the race, all more than two hours behind him.


1989 Tour de France, Race overview, Aftermath
Still not having been paid by ADR, LeMond signed a three-year contract worth $5.5 million with Z–Tomasso for the 1990 season, the then-richest contract in the sport's history. He would go on to win a third Tour the following year, before finishing seventh in 1991 and retiring in 1994. Fignon on the other hand struggled with the disappointment of losing the Tour by such a small margin and the ridicule directed at him because of it. He continued his career, without much success, never coming close to winning the Tour again. A sixth-place finish in 1991 was followed by 23rd overall the following year. He retired in 1993, having won his last Tour stage in 1992.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1989 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour. Just as in the three previous editions of the Tour, no time bonuses (time subtracted) were awarded at the finish of each stage.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
However, during the first half of the race, the first three riders crossing an intermediate sprint were given 6, 4, and 2 bonus seconds respectively. Greg LeMond won the general classification. Laurent Fignon spent the most stages as leader with nine ahead of LeMond's eight. During the race, the leader changed seven times. The only other two riders to lead the general classification in 1989 were Erik Breukink for one day after the prologue and then Acácio da Silva for the four days subsequent to Breukink. Pedro Delgado wore the yellow jersey on the prologue as the winner of the previous edition.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and was identified with a green jersey. High finishes on flat stages awarded more points, 45 for the winner down to 1 point for 25th place. In mountain stages and time trials, 15 points were given to the winner down to 1 point for 15th. The first three riders across intermediate sprints received points; 4, 2, and 1 respectively. Sean Kelly won this classification for a record fourth time, a record since broken by both Erik Zabel and Peter Sagan.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie (beyond categorization), first, second, third, or fourth-category, with the lower-numbered categories representing harder climbs. Points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. Mountains ranked hors catégorie gave 40 points for the first rider across with the subsequent categories giving 30, 20, 7, and 4 points to the first at the summit respectively. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots. Gert-Jan Theunisse won the mountain's jersey with a lead of over a 100 points.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
For the last time, there was a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications (except young rider), with the leader of each classification receiving 25 points down to one point for 25th place. The leader wore the combination jersey. Steven Rooks won this classification, defending his title from the previous year's Tour. Also for the last time, the intermediate sprints classification was calculated. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but points were only awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey. During the first half of the race, 6, 4, and 2 points were awarded, in the second half the number was increased to 15, 10, and 5 points respectively. Kelly won the jersey for a third time in his career, which made him the record winner in this classification.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The sixth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was decided in the same way as the general classification, but was limited to riders under 25 years old. In 1989, for the first time since 1975, the leading rider in this classification did not wear the white jersey that had previously been used to identify the classification leader. The white jersey would be reintroduced in 2000. While no jersey was given to the leader, he was still marked by wearing the logo of the European Union on his shoulder.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
This was the only edition of the race in which this badge was used. The Café de Colombia team forgot to register their rider Alberto Camargo for the classification even though he would have been eligible. Had he been entered, he would have been the winner, as he finished the race in 20th place. Instead, the classification was won by Fabrice Philipot (Toshiba), who had placed 24th overall.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps. The team points classification was abolished ahead of the 1989 Tour. However, the combined points from the points classification would be used as a tiebreaker if two teams were to be tied on time. The team classification was won by PDM–Concorde.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Fignon won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. Commemorating the bicentennial anniversary of the French Revolution, a cash prize of 17,890 francs was given out to the first rider passing the 1,789th kilometre of the race at Martres-Tolosane, on stage 11 between Luchon and Blagnac.


1989 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The prize was taken by Jos Haex (Hitachi–VTM). The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 17. This prize was won by Laurent Biondi (Fagor–MBK). There was also a Souvenir in honour of five-time Tour winner Jacques Anquetil, who had died two years before, given to the rider who wore the yellow jersey for the most days. This award was won by Fignon, who held the jersey for nine days.


1989 Tour de France, FICP ranking
Riders in the Tour competed individually for points that contributed towards the FICP individual ranking. At the end of the Tour, Laurent Fignon replaced Charly Mottet as the leader of the ranking.


1989 Tour de France, Doping
In total, 87 doping tests were performed during the 1989 Tour de France; all of them were negative. The tests were carried out by the Union Cycliste Internationale's medical inspector, Gerry McDaid.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1989 Tour de France was the 76th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Luxembourg with a prologue individual time trial on 1 July and Stage 10 occurred on 11 July with a mountain stage to Superbagnères. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 23 July, with a further individual time trial.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Prologue
1 July 1989 — Luxembourg, 7.8 km (4.8 mi) (individual time trial)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Prologue
Pedro Delgado, the previous year's winner and one of the pre-race favourites to win the Tour, missed the start of the prologue by 2 minutes 40 seconds. This resulted in him finishing last on the stage, 2 minutes 54 seconds behind the yellow jersey.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 1
2 July 1989 — Luxembourg to Luxembourg, 135.5 km (84.2 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 1
Søren Lilholt attacked from the start of the stage. Lilholt gained 52 seconds on Acácio da Silva and Roland Le Clerc, and 6 minutes 50 seconds over the peloton by the first intermediate sprint at 45 km (28 mi). The three leading riders then grouped together and extended their lead over the peloton to 11 minutes 30 seconds, before being partially drawn back. Da Silva attacked the other breakaway riders at the 132 km (82 mi) mark and held the lead to the finish line.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 2
2 July 1989 — Luxembourg to Luxembourg, 46 km (28.6 mi) (team time trial)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 3
3 July 1989 — Luxembourg to Spa, 241 km (149.8 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 3
This stage contained one Category 3 and one Category 4 climb, and finished on the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 4
4 July 1989 — Liège to Wasquehal, 255 km (158.4 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 5
6 July 1989 — Dinard to Rennes, 73 km (45.4 mi) (individual time trial)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 5
This stage departed from Dinard, heading south through Dinan, to Rennes.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 5
Greg LeMond, Sean Yates and Andy Hampsten opted to use triathlon bars, a then-recent introduction, in addition to the bullhorn bars usually fitted to time trial bikes.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 6
7 July 1989 — Rennes to Futuroscope, 259 km (160.9 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 6
The longest stage of the year's Tour, a flat stage, departed from Rennes heading east to Châteaugiron and then turned south to Janzé. The race headed south-east through Retiers and Martigné-Ferchaud to Pouancé. The riders continued east through Noyant-la-Gravoyère and Marans, and then south through La Pouëze and Saint-Augustin-des-Bois before the Category 4 climb of the Côte-des-4-Routes. The route continued south through Chanzeaux and Le Breuil-sous-Argenton. Turning east to Massais, the route continued to Thouars and turned south-east to Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes and then Jaunay-Clan, before the finish in Futuroscope.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 7
8 July 1989 — Poitiers to Bordeaux, 258.5 km (160.6 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 8
9 July 1989 — Labastide-d'Armagnac to Pau, 157 km (97.6 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 9
10 July 1989 — Pau to Cauterets, 147 km (91.3 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 9
The first mountain stage of the Tour departed south-west from Pau, through Lasseube to Oloron-Sainte-Marie. The riders then headed south through Gurmençon to Escot, to begin the climb east to the Category 1 Col de Marie-Blanque to 1,035 m (3,396 ft). The route then descended east to the valley floor at Bielle, before beginning a gentle climb south through Laruns and turning east to Eaux-Bonnes.


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 9
The riders then began the Hors catégorie climb of the Col d'Aubisque to 1,710 m (5,610 ft), partially descending through the Col du Soulor, and then climbing the Category 2 Col des Bordères to 1,150 m (3,770 ft), before the final big descent to Argelès-Gazost. Heading south, the brief climb of the Category 4 Côte de Saint-Savin was followed by a quick descent to Pierrefitte-Nestalas. The race continued south, beginning the ascent of the Category 1 climb to Le Cambasque, west above Cauterets, at an altitude of 1,320 m (4,330 ft).


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 10
11 July 1989 — Cauterets to Superbagnères, 136 km (84.5 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 10
The mountainous stage departed from Cauterets heading north to Pierrefitte-Nestalasbefore turning back south to Luz-Saint-Sauveur. The race then turned east and began ascending to Barèges, on the lower slopes of the Hors catégorie Col du Tourmalet, before the full ascent to 2,115 m (6,939 ft). After descending north-east to Sainte-Marie-de-Campan, the riders began the climb of the Category 2 Col d'Aspin to 1,489 m (4,885 ft). Following a winding descent south-east to the valley at Arreau, the race continued on through Bordères-Louron for the Category 1 Col de Peyresourde to 1,569 m (5,148 ft). The race then descended east through Cazeaux-de-Larboust to the valley floor at Luchon. Finally, the riders turned south for the Category 1 climb to Superbagnères, with the finish line at 1,770 m (5,810 ft).


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21
The 1989 Tour de France was the 76th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Luxembourg with a prologue individual time trial on 1 July and Stage 10 occurred on 11 July with a mountain stage to Superbagnères. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 23 July, with a further individual time trial.


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 11
12 July 1989 — Luchon to Blagnac, 154.5 km (96.0 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 12
13 July 1989 — Toulouse to Montpellier, 242 km (150 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 13
14 July 1989 — Montpellier to Marseille, 179 km (111 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 14
15 July 1989 — Marseille to Gap, 238 km (148 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 15
16 July 1989 — Gap to Orcières-Merlette, 39 km (24 mi) (ITT)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 16
18 July 1989 — Gap to Briançon, 174 km (108 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 17
19 July 1989 — Briançon to Alpe d'Huez, 161.5 km (100.4 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 18
20 July 1989 — Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Villard-de-Lans, 91.5 km (56.9 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 19
21 July 1989 — Villard-de-Lans to Aix-les-Bains, 125 km (78 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 20
22 July 1989 — Aix-les-Bains to L'Isle-d'Abeau, 127 km (79 mi)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 21
23 July 1989 — Versailles to Paris Champs-Élysées, 24.5 km (15.2 mi) (ITT)


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 21
Departing from Versailles, the route passed through Chaville, Sèvres and Issy-les-Moulineaux, before the intermediate timecheck and then entering Paris and crossing to the Rive Droite. The route entered the Champs-Élysées via the Cours-la-Reine and the Place de la Concorde, heading up the Champs-Élysées and returning down the other side, just before the Arc de Triomphe.


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 21
The time trial was the first and, so far, only to have ever finished on the Champs-Élysées at the end of a Tour de France.


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 21
LeMond's time trial bike was set up with a 54-tooth chainring on the front and a 12-tooth gear as the fastest on the rear cogset, as well as the triathlon bars he had used in the Stage 5 and Stage 15 time trials, and a rear Mavic disc wheel. Meanwhile, Fignon rode with the same rear gear, but a 55-tooth front ring, no triathlon bars, and with front and rear disc wheels. LeMond used an aerodynamic helmet, whilst Fignon rode without a helmet and wore a long ponytail. Fignon also had a saddle sore and had little sleep the night before.


1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21, Stage 21
With the weather hot, dry and still, LeMond departed from the starthouse in Versailles at 4:12 p.m. CEST, and Fignon two minutes later. LeMond requested that his support crew did not provide him with his intermediate times, or details of Fignon's progress, so that he could give total concentration to his own ride. By the 11.5 km (7.1 mi) timecheck, LeMond was 21 seconds up on Fignon, for the stage. LeMond averaged 33.8 mph (54.4 km/h) along the course, which was a Tour de France time trial record at the time.


1989 Tour de Romandie
The 1989 Tour de Romandie was the 43rd edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 9 May to 14 May 1989. The race started in Plan-les-Ouates and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Phil Anderson of the TVM team.


1989 Tour de Suisse
The 1989 Tour de Suisse was the 53rd edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 14 June to 23 June 1989. The race started in Bern and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Beat Breu of the Domex–Weinmann team.


1989 Tour du Haut Var
The 1989 Tour du Haut Var was the 21st edition of the Tour du Haut Var cycle race and was held on 25 February 1989. The race started in Seillans and finished in Draguignan. The race was won by Gérard Rué.


1989 Tour of Britain
The 1989 Tour of Britain was the third edition of the Kellogg's Tour of Britain cycle race and was held from 29 August to 3 September 1989. The race started in Dundee and finished in London. The race was won by Robert Millar of the Z–Peugeot team.


1989 Tour of Flanders
The 73rd running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on 2 April 1989. It was won by Edwig Van Hooydonck after a 12-kilometer solo. 77 of 177 riders finished the race.


1989 Tour of Flanders, Race report
A group of seven with Edwig Van Hooydonck, Dag-Otto Lauritzen and Rolf Sørensen makes the decisive breakaway on the Berendries, 30 km from the finish. Lauritzen tries to go solo, but is caught by Van Hooydonck, who places a fierce attack on the Bosberg, 12 km from the finish, and maintains his effort to the line. Herman Frison wins the sprint for second before Lauritzen. At 22, Van Hooydonck becomes the youngest post-War winner of the Tour of Flanders.


1989 Tour of Flanders, Route
The race started in Sint-Niklaas and finished in Meerbeke (Ninove) – totaling 264 km. The course featured 12 categorized climbs:


1989 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1989 Tour of the Basque Country was the 29th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 3 April to 7 April 1989. The race started in Lazkao and finished in Zumaia. The race was won by Stephen Roche of the Fagor team.


1989 Tournament of the Americas
The 1989 Tournament of the Americas, later known as the FIBA Americas Championship and the FIBA AmeriCup, was a basketball championship hosted by Mexico from June 8 to June 18, 1989. The games were played in Mexico City. This FIBA AmeriCup was to earn the five berths allocated to the Americas for the 1990 FIBA World Championship in Argentina. Puerto Rico defeated the United States in the final to win the tournament. Brazil, Venezuela, and Canada also qualified for the World Championship by finishing third through fifth, respectively.


1989 Tournament of the Americas, Qualification
Eight teams qualified during the qualification tournaments held in their respective zones in 1989; two teams (USA and Canada) qualified automatically since they are the only members of the North America zone.


1989 Tournament of the Americas squads
This article displays the rosters for the participating teams at the 1989 Tournament of the Americas played in Mexico City, Mexico from June 8 to June 18, 1989.


1989 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1989 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Conrad Park on the campus of Stetson University in DeLand, Florida. This was the eleventh tournament championship held by the Trans America Athletic Conference, in its eleventh year of existence. Stetson won their second consecutive and overall tournament championship and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1989 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament, Format and seeding
The top two finishers from each division by conference winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed from one division playing the second seed from the opposite in the first round.


1989 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team, Most Valuable Player
Mike Pinckes was named Tournament Most Valuable Player. Pinckes was a third baseman for Stetson.


1989 Trans-Am Series
The 1989 Trans-Am Series was the 24th running of the Sports Car Club of America's premier series. The year marked a new era in Trans Am, with American branded automobiles with American V8 engines, regardless of what vehicle was being used. For example, the Buick Somerset came with a three-liter V6 at best, but was entered with a V8 in the series. This new "American muscle revival" era would last for eleven seasons, after which the Italian manufacturer Qvale would win the championship.


1989 Transnistrian census
The 1989 Transnistrian census was organized by the authorities of the MSSR in the final days of its existence as a Soviet republic. It took place as part of the Soviet Census of 1989.


1989 Transnistrian census
Results from the 1989 census showed that among the population of Transnistria, approximately 40% were ethnic Moldovans, 28% Ukrainians and 25% Russians.


1989 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1989 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second year under head coach David Rader, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 6–6 record. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback T. J. Rubley with 2,292 passing yards, Brett Adams with 1,071 rushing yards, and Dan Bitson with 1,425 receiving yards.


1989 Tunisian general election
General elections were held in Tunisia on 2 April 1989. It was the first time presidential elections had been held since 1974, as Habib Bourguiba had been declared President-for-life the following year. However, his replacement, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, was the only candidate to obtain endorsements from 30 political figures, as required by the Constitution. As a result, he was unopposed for a full term.


1989 Tunisian general election
In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Constitutional Democratic Rally (a renamed Socialist Destourian Party) won 80.6 percent of the vote and all 141 seats. According to official figures, voter turnout was 76.5% in the parliamentary election and 76.1% in the presidential election.


1989 Tunisian general election, Results, Chamber of Deputies
Although the elections were the closest Tunisia had come to a free election at the time, the results were heavily contested. Different sources offer ostensibly official figures that diverge significantly, particularly in respect to the share of votes received by the Ennahda Movement. Without official recognition as a party, the party fielded independent candidates that received between 10% and 17% of the vote nationally according to different "official" results quoted by different academics.


1989 Tunisian general election, Aftermath
Both the legal opposition and the Ennahda Movement accused the government of electoral fraud, with the Ennahda Movement claiming to have received between 60-80% of the vote. According to other analysts, the elections demonstrated the staying power of the state party RCD, which had expanded its membership in the run-up to the election to encompass nearly 40% of the registered electorate


1989 Turkish local elections
Turkey held local elections on 26 March 1989. In the elections, both the mayors and the local parliaments (Turkish: İl Genel Meclisi) were elected. The figures presented below are the results of the local parliament elections.


1989 Turkish presidential election
The 1989 Turkish presidential election refers the election to choose the country's eighth president, to succeed Kenan Evren. The candidate of the governing Motherland Party (ANAP) was its leader and Prime Minister Turgut Özal. In the first and second rounds, the ruling party ANAP was unsuccessful in electing its candidate. Finally, in the third round, Turgut Özal was elected as the eighth President of Turkey. He is the second civil president in Turkish history.


1989 Turkish presidential election
The parliamentary opposition, formed by the True Path Party (DYP) and the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP) claimed that the loss of popular support for ANAP in the March 1989 local elections did not give the party the democratic legitimacy to elect one of its politicians as President. Since ANAP commanded a parliamentary majority, its candidate was effectively certain to win the third round, where only a simple majority of the vote is required to win. The opposition thus boycotted the election. Fethi Çelikbaş, an ANAP Member of Parliament who stood against Özal, was the only other candidate. There were eight blank votes in the third round, which was held on October 31.


1989 Tuvaluan general election
General elections were held in Tuvalu on 27 September 1989. Bikenibeu Paeniu was elected Prime Minister following the elections and formed a five-member cabinet composed largely of opponents of the previous Prime Minister Tomasi Puapua.


1989 Tuvaluan general election, Campaign
As there were no political parties, all candidates for the twelve seats ran as independents. The Nui constituency was contested by four members of the same family. Bikenibeu Paeniu was the only candidate in Nukulaelae and was elected unopposed.


1989 Tuvaluan general election, Results
For the first time, a woman was elected, with Naama Maheu Latasi winning one of the seats on Nanumea. Her husband Kamuta Latasi was elected in Funafuti. In Nui Minister for Commerce and Natural Resources Lale Seluka was defeated by his brother Alesana Seluka.


1989 Tuvaluan general election, Aftermath
Following the elections Kokea Malua was elected Speaker and Bikenibeu Paeniu elected Prime Minister. Paeniu subsequently formed a five-member cabinet, keeping the Foreign Affairs and Economic Planning portfolios for himself. Alesana Seluka became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance and Commerce, Naama Maheu Latasi was appointed Minister of Health, Education and Community Affairs, Ionatana Ionatana as Minister of Works and Communications and Tomu Sione as Minister of Natural Resources and Home Affairs.


1989 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 1989 U.S. Figure Skating Championships took place in Baltimore, Maryland. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.


1989 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The event determined the U.S. teams for the 1989 World Championships.


1989 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships
The 1989 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships was a Grand Prix men's tennis tournament held in Charleston, South Carolina in the United States. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and was held from May 8 to May 15, 1989. Sixth-seeded Jay Berger won the singles title.


1989 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, Finals, Doubles
Mikael Pernfors /  Tobias Svantesson defeated  Agustín Moreno /  Jaime Yzaga 6–4, 4–6, 7–5


1989 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles
Mikael Pernfors and Tobias Svantesson won in the final against Agustín Moreno and Jaime Yzaga.


1989 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1989 U.S. Open was the 89th U.S. Open, held June 15–18 at the East Course of Oak Hill Country Club near Rochester, New York. Curtis Strange won his second consecutive U.S. Open, one stroke ahead of runners-up Chip Beck, Mark McCumber, and Ian Woosnam, becoming the first successful defender of a U.S. Open title since Ben Hogan in 1951. Strange became the sixth player to defend the U.S. Open title. This was the last of his 17 wins on the PGA Tour.


1989 U.S. Open (golf)
Heavy rains before the tournament allowed for some low scores in the early rounds, with a record 38 under-par rounds in the first two rounds. During the second round, four players (Jerry Pate, Nick Price, Doug Weaver, and Mark Wiebe) recorded holes-in-one at the downhill 167-yard (153 m) 6th hole. All four hit a 7-iron past the flag, taking advantage of the damp conditions. The rest of the field had thirty birdies at the hole during the second round.


1989 U.S. Open (golf)
Gary Player, the 1965 champion and winner of nine major titles, played in his final U.S. Open in 1989. He shot 78-69=147 and missed the cut by two strokes.


1989 U.S. Open (golf)
This was the third U.S. Open and the fourth major at the East Course. Previous U.S. Opens were in 1956 (Cary Middlecoff) and 1968 (Lee Trevino), and the PGA Championship in 1980 (Jack Nicklaus). It later hosted the Ryder Cup in 1995 and the PGA Championship in 2003 and 2013.


1989 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Second round
Strange fired a six-under 64 in the second round to tie the course record, set in 1942 by Hogan, and take the 36-hole lead.


1989 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Third round
Overnight rains thoroughly soaked the already saturated course and caused a delay in the start. Instead of pairs, the players went off on split tees in groupings of three, a first at the U.S. Open. A 73 (+3) in the third round dropped Strange to three back of Tom Kite, whose first three rounds were in the 60s.


1989 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round
Kite led by three after four holes in the final round, but a triple bogey at the 5th hole and bogeys at 8 and 10  dropped him a stroke back of Strange. Double bogeys at 13 and 15 dropped him from contention. Kite recorded a 78 (+8) and finished in ninth place. Strange played steadily in the penultimate pairing, with fifteen consecutive pars until a birdie at the 16th, his first since the second round. Despite a three-putt for bogey at the 18th, Strange held on for a one-stroke win and a second straight U.S. Open title.


1989 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
The 1989 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The event was part of the Super Series of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 62nd edition of the tournament and was held from July 10 through July 16, 1989. Sixth-seeded Andrés Gómez won the singles title, his second at the event after 1986.


1989 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Andrés Gómez /  Alberto Mancini defeated  Todd Nelson /  Phillip Williamson 3–6, 6–3, 6–4


1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
The 1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in San Antonio, Texas in the United States and was part of the Category 3 tier  of the 1989 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from February 27 through March 5, 1989.


1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships, Finals, Doubles
Katrina Adams /  Pam Shriver defeated  Patty Fendick /  Jill Hetherington 3–6, 6–1, 6–4


1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships – Doubles
Lori McNeil and Helena Suková were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships – Doubles
Katrina Adams and Pam Shriver won in the final 3–6, 6–1, 6–4 against Patty Fendick and Jill Hetherington.


1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. The top seeded team received a bye into the quarterfinals.


1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships – Singles
Steffi Graf was the defending champion and won in the final 6–1, 6–4 against Ann Henricksson.


1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 U.S. Women's Open
The 1989 U.S. Women's Open was the 44th U.S. Women's Open, held July 13–16 at the Old Course of Indianwood Golf and Country Club in Lake Orion, Michigan, north of Detroit.


1989 U.S. Women's Open
Betsy King won the first of her two consecutive titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Nancy Lopez. It was the second of King's six major titles. With the win, her fifth in 1989, she became the first in the history of the LPGA Tour to exceed $500,000 in earnings for a single season.


1989 U.S. Women's Open
Ending the third round on Saturday, King lost four shots on the last four holes and fell into the 54-hole co-lead with Patty Sheehan. The Sunday gallery was the largest to date at the U.S. Women's Open, exceeding 25,000, and King birdied the first hole on the way to a 68. Sheehan, a future champion in 1992 and 1994, carded a disappointing 79 and finished tied for 17th.


1989 U.S. Women's Open
The championship returned to Indianwood five years later, in 1994, won by Sheehan.


1989 UC Davis Aggies football team
The 1989 UC Davis football team represented the University of California, Davis in the 1989 NCAA Division II football season. UC Davis competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC).


1989 UC Davis Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by first-year head coach Bob Foster and played home games at Toomey Field. UC Davis finished the season as champion of the NCAC for the 19th consecutive season and it was their 20th consecutive winning season. The Aggies regular season record was seven wins and three losses (7–3, 5–0 NCAC). With the 5–0 conference record, they stretched their conference winning streak to 46 games dating back to the 1981 season.


1989 UC Davis Aggies football team
At the end of the season, the Aggies qualified for the Division II playoffs. In the first playoff game they were defeated by Angelo State. That brought their final record to eight wins and three losses (8–3, 5–0 NCAC). The Aggies outscored their opponents 303–202 for the season.


1989 UC Davis Aggies football team, NFL Draft
No UC Davis Aggies players were selected in the 1990 NFL Draft.


1989 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The 1989 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1989 NCAA Division III football season.


1989 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The Gauchos competed as an NCAA Division III independent in 1989. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Mike Warren, and played home games at Campus Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2) and outscored their opponents 313–150 for the season.


1989 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
This was the last season Mike Warren was head coach of the Gauchos. In his four years, the team had a record of 26–13 for a winning percentage of .667.


1989 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1990 NFL Draft.


1989 UCF Knights football team
The 1989 UCF Knights football season was the eleventh for the team. It was Gene McDowell's fifth season as the head coach of the Knights. The season marked UCF's last in Division II, as the Knight would move to Division I-AA in 1990. The team posted an overall record of 7–3 in 1989 but failed to make the Division II Playoffs.


1989 UCF Knights football team
As a Division II team in 1989, UCF defeated three Division I-AA teams, including two nationally ranked schools. On October 28, UCF upset No. 9 Liberty (I-AA), and two weeks later on November 11, defeated No. 4 Eastern Kentucky (I-AA). Against Eastern Kentucky, quarterback Rudy Jones led a fourth quarter comeback, throwing two touchdown passes to lift the Knights to a 20–19 victory.


1989 UCF Knights football team
The team played their home games at the Citrus Bowl in Downtown Orlando. During the decade of the 1980s, the Knights compiled an overall record of 47–59–1 (.443)


1989 UCI Road World Championships
The 1989 UCI Road World Championships took place in Chambéry, France.


1989 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1989 UCI Road World Championships was the 56th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 27 August 1989, in Chambéry, France over a distance of 259.35 kilometres (161.15 mi).


1989 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
190 riders started, there were 42 classified finishers, and the winner's average speed was 38.33 km/h (23.82 mph).


1989 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The race was won by Greg LeMond of the United States. By winning the race, LeMond achieved two cycling doubles: This was his second World Championship road race win, following his victory at the 1983 event. He was also the World Championship road race and a Grand Tour winner in the same year, after his success at the 1989 Tour de France.


1989 UCI Road World Championships – Women's team time trial
The women's team time trial of the 1989 UCI Road World Championships cycling event took place on 23 August 1989 in Chambéry, France. The course was 50.9 km long and went from Chambéry to Le Touvet and back to Chambéry.


1989 UCI Road World Cup
The 1989 UCI Road World Cup was the first edition of the UCI Road World Cup. It was won by Irish rider Sean Kelly of PDM–Concorde.


1989 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1989 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Lyon, France in August 1989. Fifteen events were contested, 12 for men (5 for professionals, 7 for amateurs) and 3 for women.


1989 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1989 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their 14th year under head coach Terry Donahue, the Bruins compiled a 3–7–1 record  (2–5–1 Pac-10) and finished in ninth place in the Pacific-10 Conference. After going 3–7 in the first 10 games, the Bruins tied #8-ranked USC, 10-10, in the final game of the season at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.


1989 UCLA Bruins football team
UCLA's offensive leaders in 1989 were quarterback Bret Johnson with 1,791 passing yards, running back Brian Brown with 463 rushing yards, and wide receiver Mike Farr with 471 receiving yards.


1989 UCLA Bruins softball team
The 1989 UCLA Bruins softball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1989 NCAA Division I softball season. The Bruins were coached by Sharron Backus, who led her fifteenth season and Sue Enquist, in her first season, in an uncommonly used co-head coach system. The Bruins played their home games at Sunset Field and finished with a record of 48–4. They competed in the Pacific-10 Conference, where they finished first with a 18–2 record.


1989 UCLA Bruins softball team
The Bruins were invited to the 1989 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament, where they swept the West Regional and then completed a run through the Women's College World Series to claim their fourth NCAA Women's College World Series Championship. The Bruins had earlier claimed an AIAW title in 1978 and NCAA titles in 1982, 1984, and 1988.


1989 UEFA Cup Final
The 1989 UEFA Cup Final was an association football tie played on 3 May 1989 and 17 May 1989 between Napoli of Italy and Stuttgart of West Germany. Captained by Diego Maradona, Napoli won the two-legged final 5–4 on aggregate to win their first major European honour.


1989 UEFA European Under-16 Championship
The 1989 UEFA European Under-16 Championship was the seventh edition of UEFA's European Under-16 Football Championship. Denmark hosted the championship, during 4–14 May 1989. 16 teams entered the competition, and Portugal won their first title.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 63rd year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) released the annual returns, with totalisator turnover at £106,011,494 and attendances recorded at 4,395,973 from 5477 meetings.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
John McGee won the Greyhound Trainer of the Year for the second successive year. Waltham Abbey now trained by Ernie Gaskin (formerly Adam Jackson) was voted Greyhound of the Year after winning the Grand Prix at Walthamstow Stadium. The award failed to go the winners of a Derby due to the fact that all three were won by the Irish; they were the 1989 English Greyhound Derby (Lartigue Note), the 1989 Scottish Greyhound Derby (Airmount Grand) and the 1989 Irish Greyhound Derby (Manorville Magic), the latter was voted Irish Greyhound of the Year.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
The Greyhound Racing Association (GRA} invested £1 million into Hall Green, mainly extending the restaurant. The Peterborough management also unveiled their new raceview restaurant costing £500,000. Terry Corden sold the Sheffield lease; he was forced to do so after the council closed the stadium due to new safety measures. This was as a direct result of the Hillsborough disaster.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Hull (New Craven Park) and Hawick both opened for racing.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The Scottish Derby returned to Glasgow (as a consequence of GRA having no stadia in Scotland), the event received a boost when Ladbrokes stepped in and sponsored the competition. Racing Manager Robert Lithgow was forced to increase the entries from 24 to 36 due to its popularity. The event resulted in what many regarded the best ever when Airmount Grand caught Galtymore Lad on the finish line after both vied for the lead throughout.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Trainer Phil Rees Jr. won the Grand National at Hall Green with Lemon Chip, this was the kennels first Grand National success despite previously winning six Springbok titles. Fearless Ace made a remarkable comeback when winning the Pall Mall Stakes for a second successive year; the fawn dog had won the 1988 final for Geoff De Mulder before being retired to stud. He returned a year later to defend his title under the training of Theo Mentzis after coming out of retirement and not only stormed to a surprise victory but broke the Oxford track record in the final.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Brent Walker owners of Hackney took over William Hill and Mecca Bookmakers from Grand Metropolitan for £685 million. Canterbury obtained a Bookmakers Afternoon Greyhound Service (BAGS) contract and Wisbech began the year under NGRC rules.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Veteran trainer Hugo Spencer retired and John Coleman moved to Walthamstow. Walthamstow also produced one race meeting tote turnover of £173,000 on the night of the Pepsi Cola Marathon final.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Trainer Linda Jones and her husband Doug moved to Lakenheath and formed the Imperial Kennels. They started with four racing greyhounds and a couple of litters of pups set in the Suffolk countryside. The kennel would quickly establish themselves on the local tracks of Swaffham, Mildenhall and Yarmouth.


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Owner John Dooley visited a stud kennel in Cork to find it abandoned and his Blue Riband champion Lulus Hero missing, the brindle dog is never found. #


1989 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Champion trainer John McGee and owner Fred Smith had an argument that resulted in Derby champion Hit The Lid leaving the kennels.


1989 UK Athletics Championships
The 1989 UK Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for the United Kingdom held at Monkton Stadium, Jarrow. It was the first time that the event was held in North East England. The men's 10,000 metres was dropped from the programme and replaced by a 3000 metres event. Strong winds affected the jumps programme and several of the sprint races.


1989 UK Athletics Championships
It was the thirteenth edition of the competition limited to British athletes only, launched as an alternative to the AAA Championships, which was open to foreign competitors. However, due to the fact that the calibre of national competition remained greater at the AAA event, the UK Championships this year were not considered the principal national championship event by some statisticians, such as the National Union of Track Statisticians (NUTS). Many of the athletes below also competed at the 1989 AAA Championships.


1989 UK Athletics Championships
Shot putter Judy Oakes won a sixth straight title and women's 400 m hurdler Elaine McLaughlin made it three consecutive wins for her. Three other athletes defended their 1988 UK titles: Ian McCombie (racewalk), Steve Backley (javelin) and Linda Keough (400 m). Liz McColgan won the women's 3000 metres, having been 5000 metres champion the previous year. Marcus Adam was the only athlete to win multiple titles that year, taking a men's short sprint double.


1989 UK Athletics Championships
The main international track and field competition for the United Kingdom that year was the 1989 IAAF World Cup, where the men's team competed and women competed as part of the European team. Reflecting the secondary nature of the UK event, most of the individual British medallists at the World Cup did not compete here. Among those that did were Colin Jackson (hurdles runner-up), Stewart Faulkner (long jump bronze medallist), Jonathan Edwards (triple jump bronze medallist) and Steve Backley (javelin champion).


1989 UK Championship
The 1989 UK Championship (also known as the 1989 StormSeal UK Championship for sponsorship reasons) was a  professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 17 November and 3 December 1989 at the Guild Hall in Preston, England. StormSeal became the new sponsor of the UK Championship. The televised stages were shown live on the BBC from 25 November to the final.


1989 UK Championship
Defending champion Doug Mountjoy lost in the last 64 against rookie player Joe O'Boye. The 1988 runner-up Stephen Hendry won the first of his five UK titles by defeating six-times champion Steve Davis 16–12 in the final, taking Hendry on course for the number one spot in the world snooker rankings. The highest break of the tournament was a 141 made by Stephen Hendry.


1989 UK Championship, Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:


1989 UMass Minutemen football team
The 1989 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1989 NCAA Division I-AA football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Jim Reid and played its home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 5–5–1 overall and 3–5 in conference play.


1989 UNLV Rebels football team
The 1989 UNLV Rebels football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in the Big West Conference during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth year under head coach Wayne Nunnely, the team compiled a 4–7 record.


1989 US Open (tennis)
The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989.


1989 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Men's Doubles
John McEnroe /  Mark Woodforde defeated  Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3


1989 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Women's Doubles
Hana Mandlíková /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Mary Joe Fernández /  Pam Shriver 5–7, 6–4, 6–4


1989 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Mixed Doubles
Robin White /  Shelby Cannon defeated  Meredith McGrath /  Rick Leach 3–6, 6–2, 7–5


1989 US Open (tennis), Juniors, Boys' Doubles
Wayne Ferreira /  Grant Stafford defeated  Martin Damm /  Jan Kodeš Jr. 6–3, 6–4


1989 US Open (tennis), Juniors, Girls' Doubles
Jennifer Capriati /  Meredith McGrath defeated  Jo-Anne Faull /  Rachel McQuillan 6–0, 6–3


1989 US Open (tennis), Coverage
Television coverage included eighty hours of programming over a 12-day period. Live coverage began on August 28, 1989, and concluded with the final of the Women's Doubles on September 10, 1989. The four final days of televised coverage consisted of four men's singles matches (two quarterfinals, one semifinal and the final), three women's singles matches (two semifinals and the final), one men's doubles match (the final), two women's doubles matches (a semifinal and the final) and one mixed doubles match (the final).


1989 US Open – Men's Doubles
The Men's Doubles tournament at the 1989 US Open was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989, on the outdoor hard courts of the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. John McEnroe and Mark Woodforde won the title, defeating Ken Flach and Robert Seguso in the final.


1989 US Open – Men's Singles
Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6(7–2), 1–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4) in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1989 US Open. It was Lendl's eighth consecutive singles final at the US Open.


1989 US Open – Men's Singles
Mats Wilander was the defending champion, but he lost in the second round to 18-year-old and future world No. 1 Pete Sampras. Lendl became the first man in the Open Era to finish runner-up five times at the same major (a record later surpassed by Novak Djokovic at the 2021 US Open).


1989 US Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Boris Becker is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1989 US Open – Men's Singles, Matches, Quarter Finals
Played on Stadium Court, National Tennis Center, Flushing Meadows, New York. Originally shown by USA Network with play by play commentators: Ted Robinson and Vitas Gerulaitis


1989 US Open – Men's Singles, Matches, Quarter Finals
After a solid opening set, Agassi loses the next two, with Connors winning the third 6-0. Agassi then has to save three break points to win the fourth set to tie the match. The fifth starts in Agassi's favor, breaking twice and jumping to a 5-1 lead, but Connors rallies back with a break to 5-4. Finally, with double match point, Agassi misses a backhand down the line, but then pulls off a backhand dropshot which Connors hits long. Agassi would be a semi-finalist for the 2nd straight year (and again win 1990).


1989 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Jana Novotná and Jim Pugh were the defending champions but lost in the second round to Zina Garrison and Sherwood Stewart.


1989 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Robin White and Shelby Cannon won in the final 3–6, 6–2, 7–5 against Meredith McGrath and Rick Leach.


1989 US Open – Mixed Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 US Open – Women's Doubles
Gigi Fernández and Robin White were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Steffi Graf and Gabriela Sabatini.


1989 US Open – Women's Doubles
Hana Mandlíková and Martina Navratilova won in the final 5–7, 6–4, 6–4 against Mary Joe Fernández and Pam Shriver. Navratilova became the 1st player to win 30 Grand Slam titles in Women's Doubles, a record for the most grand slam titles in any single category for any player, male or female.


1989 US Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 US Open – Women's Singles
Defending champion Steffi Graf successfully defended her title, defeating Martina Navratilova in the final, 3–6, 7–5, 6–1 to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1989 US Open.


1989 US Open – Women's Singles
This was the final major and professional appearance for 18-time major champion Chris Evert. She lost to Zina Garrison in the quarterfinals. It was her 54th quarterfinal at a major (in her 56th major played), an Open Era record. She made the quarterfinals in all 19 US Opens she entered, 17 times reaching the semifinals or better.


1989 US Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Steffi Graf is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1989 US Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual US Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held over several days before the event.


1989 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1989 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships took place between June 16–19 on the campus of University of Houston in Houston, Texas. The meet was organized by The Athletics Congress.


1989 USC Trojans football team
The 1989 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The season was intended to start historic fashion, with USC set to play Illinois in Moscow in what was dubbed the Glasnost Bowl. However, the plan to play the game at Dynamo Stadium fell through, and the game was rescheduled at Memorial Coliseum. The Trojans lost the game as the Illini scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter.


1989 USC Trojans football team
USC won their third consecutive conference championship and gained their 600th program win in a victory against Oregon State. They played third-ranked Michigan in the Rose Bowl and won giving Larry Smith his only bowl victory as head coach.


1989 USC Trojans football team, Game summaries, vs. Michigan (Rose Bowl)
The Trojans avenged last season's loss to Michigan in the Rose Bowl, beating the Wolverines in Bo Schembechler's last game as head coach.


1989 USC Trojans football team, Team players drafted into the NFL
The following players were claimed in the 1990 NFL Draft.


1989 USSR Chess Championship
The 1989 Soviet Chess Championship was the 56th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 23 September 15 October 1989 in Odessa. The title was won by Rafael Vaganian. Semifinals took place at Barnaul, Blagoveshchensk and Uzhhorod; two First League tournaments (qualifying to the final) were held at Klaipeda and Simferopol.


1989 USSR Federation Cup
The 1989 USSR Federation Cup was the fourth edition of the USSR Federation Cup and was officially known as Cup of the USSR Football Union. It took place between 26 February to 5 November. Its final was played at Meteor Stadium in Dnepropetrovsk.


1989 UTEP Miners football team
The 1989 UTEP Miners football team was an American football team that represented the University of Texas at El Paso in the Western Athletic Conference during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first year under head coach David Lee, the team compiled a 2–10 record.


1989 Uganda Cup
1989 Uganda Cup was the 15th season of the main Ugandan football Cup.


1989 Uganda Cup, Overview
The competition has also been known as the Kakungulu Cup and was won by SC Villa who beat Express Red Eagles 4-2 in the final. The results are not available for the earlier rounds


1989 Uganda Super League
The 1989 Ugandan Super League was the 22nd season of the official Ugandan football championship, the top-level football league of Uganda.


1989 Uganda Super League, Overview
The 1989 Uganda Super League was contested by 12 teams and was won by SC Villa, while Mbale Heroes were relegated.


1989 Uganda Super League, Leading goalscorer
The top goalscorer in the 1989 season was Majid Musisi of SC Villa with 15 goals.


1989 Ugandan general election
General elections were held in Uganda between 11 and 28 February 1989 to elect members to the National Resistance Council. The first elections since 1980, they saw 278 members elected, of which 210 were independents.


1989 Ungava earthquake
The 1989 Ungava earthquake occurred at 09:24 local time (14:24 UTC) on 25 December to the north of Lac Bécard in a remote part of the Ungava Peninsula in northern Quebec. It had a magnitude of 6.3 on the surface wave magnitude scale and 6.2–6.5 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of only IV (Light) on the Mercalli intensity scale, due to its remoteness from any inhabited areas. The mainshock was preceded by a magnitude 5.1 foreshock ten hours earlier. It was the first earthquake in eastern North America known to be associated with ground rupture.


1989 Ungava earthquake, Tectonic setting
The northern part of Quebec lies mainly on the Minto block of the Superior craton. The earthquake occurred within the Utsalik domain, which consists mainly of Archean granitic and granodioritic rocks. A number of northerly trending brittle faults zones have been recognized in the domain. The area has been tectonically quiescent since the Archean. However, like most of the Canadian shield, it is currently experiencing post-glacial rebound.


1989 Ungava earthquake, Earthquake
The mainshock was preceded by a series of foreshocks, starting with a M 5.1 event about ten hours earlier. The hypocentral depth was very shallow, less than five kilometers.


1989 Ungava earthquake, Earthquake
Modelling of seismic waveforms shows that the earthquake was caused by two sub-events, a thrust event followed almost immediately by a strike-slip event. The surface offsets show consistent thrust faulting over a distance of 8.5 km, with a maximum displacement of 1.8 m near the centre of the zone. The fault zone has a strike of N 038° E. There is no evidence of previous rupture along the fault zone.


1989 Ungava earthquake, Earthquake
The NW-SE orientation of the maximum horizontal stress derived from the observed focal mechanism is at a high angle to the regional stress field for North America. It has been suggested that this compression is a result of the area being in a 'saddle zone' between two centres of post-glacial uplift.


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic
The 1989 United Jersey Bank Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Mahwah, New Jersey in the United States that was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. It was the 12th and last edition of the tournament and was held from August 14 through August 20, 1989. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title and earned $40,000 first-prize money.


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic, Finals, Doubles
Steffi Graf /  Pam Shriver defeated  Louise Allen /  Laura Gildemeister 6–2, 6–4


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic – Doubles
Jana Novotná and Helena Suková were the defending champions but only Novotná competed that year with Catarina Lindqvist.


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic – Doubles
Lindqvist and Novotná lost in the semifinals to Louise Allen and Laura Gildemeister.


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic – Doubles
Steffi Graf and Pam Shriver won in the final 6–2, 6–4 against Allen and Gildemeister.


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic – Singles
Steffi Graf was the defending champion and won in the final 7–5, 6–2 against Andrea Temesvári.


1989 United Jersey Bank Classic – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 United Kingdom local elections
Local elections were held in the United Kingdom in 1989. The Labour Party had the highest projected national vote share, but the Conservative Party, in power at Westminster, gained the most seats.


1989 United Kingdom local elections
The national projected share of the vote was Labour 42%, Conservative 36%, Liberal Democrats 19%. The Conservatives gained 92 seats, Labour gained 35 seats and the Liberal Democrats lost 175 seats. It was Labour's largest share of the vote in any election in a decade, as the party's popularity continued to improve as a result of the ongoing modernisation process under Neil Kinnock, and that the Conservative government's popularity was starting to fall following the announcement of the poll tax.


1989 United Nations Security Council election
The 1989 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 1989 during the Forty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Romania, South Yemen, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1990. This was the first time Yemen was elected to the Council, as Yemeni unification occurred during South Yemen membership.


1989 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election.


1989 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:


1989 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. If the vote is inconclusive after the first round, three rounds of restricted voting shall take place, followed by three rounds of unrestricted voting, and so on, until a result has been obtained. In restricted voting, only official candidates may be voted on, while in unrestricted voting, any member of the given regional group, with the exception of current Council members, may be voted on.


1989 United Nations Security Council election, Endorsed candidates
Prior to the actual vote at the General Assembly, the Permanent representatives of Bangladesh, Belarus, Peru, and Kenya as chairmen of the regional groups told the Assembly what countries enjoyed the endorsement of their respective regions. The chairmen endorsed South Yemen, Romania, Cuba, and Côte d'Ivoire and Zaire respectively.


1989 United Nations Security Council election, Result
Voting was conducted on a single ballot. Ballots containing more states from a certain region than seats allocated to that region were invalidated. There was a total of 161 ballot papers.


1989 United States Army Pacific order of battle
In 1989, the United States Army Pacific had its headquarters at Fort Shafter in Hawaii, and its units were stationed within the United States. Overseas forces included the US Army Japan, and the Eighth US Army in South Korea.


1989 United States Grand Prix
The 1989 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held in Phoenix, Arizona on June 4, 1989. It was the fifth race of the 1989 Formula One World Championship and the first United States Grand Prix to be held in Phoenix.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Background
In October 1988, city officials of Detroit Michigan refused to invest more money to bring the Detroit circuit up to new Formula 1 regulations, and an attempt to move the circuit to a new circuit on Belle Isle, an island in the middle of the Detroit River failed (although there was success for IndyCar's move to Belle Isle for 1992). This resulted in the cancellation of the Detroit race for the 1989 season. City officials in Phoenix, Arizona, were interested in hosting major sporting event to promote the dry desert city of Phoenix worldwide.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Background
A Formula 1 race came into play after a desperate attempt by Bernie Ecclestone not to lose the United States Grand Prix. On January 13, 1989 the Phoenix City Council approved a five-year contract with F1 to promote and run the race, with event date June 4. Despite Phoenix weather typically being extremely hot in June, no other slot was available because Phoenix got the race on a short notice.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Background
On the Thursday before qualifying, Formula Atlantic, the support category for the weekend, had the first practice session on the new track before the Formula One cars hit the circuit for pre-qualifying at 8 o'clock on Friday morning. The Atlantic session saw a couple of problems. A manhole cover was lifted and the track surface at turn 9 at the end of the back straight (Washington Street) had begun to break up in the same way Detroit and Dallas had done in the past. Overnight, quick-dry cement was used to patch up the broken surface and while dusty and bumpy, the cement held for the remainder of the weekend.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
A Brabham topped the pre-qualifying session time sheets for the fifth time this season as Martin Brundle was fastest. It was the same four pre-qualifiers as at the last event in Mexico, albeit in a different order, as Alex Caffi took second in the Dallara, Stefan Johansson was third in the Onyx, and Brundle's Brabham team-mate Stefano Modena was fourth.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
Those to miss out included Piercarlo Ghinzani, who was fifth in his Osella, and sixth-fastest Pierre-Henri Raphanel in the Coloni. Seventh was Gregor Foitek in the EuroBrun, ahead of the second Osella of Nicola Larini. In a better showing than in previous races, Joachim Winkelhock was ninth in his AGS, followed by Volker Weidler in the Rial. Then came the two Zakspeeds of Bernd Schneider and Aguri Suzuki, with Bertrand Gachot slowest in the other Onyx, after a CV joint failed on his car, and the spare car would not start.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
In qualifying on Friday, Ayrton Senna went progressively faster and faster, eventually posting a time 1.5 seconds ahead of McLaren teammate Alain Prost and the rest of the field. Senna's Friday time of 1:30.710 stood up through the second session and gave him his 34th career pole position, breaking Jim Clark's record of 33 which he had equalled in the previous race in Mexico.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
During the morning practice on Saturday, Prost spun backward into a wall and damaged the monocoque and gearbox. It was the first monocoque Prost had broken since joining the team in 1984. Prost then had to take Senna's spare car for the race.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
The only American driver in the field, Phoenix native Eddie Cheever, qualified his Arrows-Ford in 17th place, some 3.1 seconds slower than pole man Senna.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Alessandro Nannini crashed his Benetton heavily in the morning warm-up session and was forced to start the race not only in the spare car but also wearing a neck brace due to a very sore neck.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Prost got a jump on Senna at the start, but hit a bump in the straight, causing his wheels to spin and the engine to be cut momentarily by the rev limiter allowing Senna to pull ahead, but by the end of the first lap his lead was only 0.45 seconds. Nannini ran third followed by Nigel Mansell, Alex Caffi, Stefano Modena, Martin Brundle, Gerhard Berger, Andrea de Cesaris and Michele Alboreto. Nannini's neck could only take 10 laps of racing before he pulled into the pits to retire.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
He had been third until a spin on lap four dropped him to eighth and retired after not being able to hold his head up properly and complaining of dizziness. After 16 laps, Senna's lead over Prost was 4.25 seconds. He suddenly doubled that on the next lap when Prost's engine began overheating, forcing the Frenchman to back off for a few laps in a bid to get the water and oil temperatures back to normal. Despite Senna's seemingly commanding position, Prost remained confident of winning as he had seen that his McLaren was handling better than his teammate's. He reasoned that later in the race his only problem would be getting past. Maurício Gugelmin was black flagged for adding brake fluid in contravention of the regulations.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
The gap between the two McLarens varied as they worked their way through traffic, but on lap 29, Prost closed the gap when Senna suffered a misfire. The problem disappeared momentarily, with Senna doing his fastest lap of the race, but then returned, worse than before. Nigel Mansell would soon retire for the 4th time out of 5 races by lap 32 with the result of an alternator failure. On lap 34, with Prost only one second back, Senna waved his teammate past as they went down the back straight and then pitted at the end of the lap.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
The Honda engine's electronic fuel injection system was acting up and after two pit stops to change the black box, battery and plugs, and with successive fastest laps in between, Senna retired on lap 44 with electrical problems (notably his 1st retirement of the season). Since joining McLaren at the start of 1988 it was his first ever retirement because of a Honda engine failure and the first failure of their V10 engine under race conditions. It was also only the second time in 21 races with McLaren that a Honda engine had failed, the first being when Prost's V6 turbo had blown up halfway through the 1988 Italian Grand Prix, the only race of the 1988 season that McLaren did not win.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Alex Caffi, who had started in sixth in his Pirelli shod Dallara-Ford, was up to second with Senna's retirement. A stop for new tires, after being passed by Berger (whose palms were still raw and sore from his Imola crash only six weeks before), dropped him back two more spots to fifth. As he tried to re-lap his teammate de Cesaris, however, de Cesaris turned in, forcing Caffi into the wall and out of the race.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
After the race de Cesaris said that he simply did not see Caffi and did not even know about putting him into the wall until after the race. De Cesaris continued on to an 8th-place finish. Berger's Ferrari suffered alternator failure (meaning no power to the revolutionary semi-automatic transmission) 9 laps after Caffi's retirement. Reporters tried to interview Berger but his mechanic closed the garage door; just before the garage door closed ESPN pit reporter John Bisignano saw Berger being splashed with water.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Throughout the race, Riccardo Patrese, Ivan Capelli and Eddie Cheever had been in close contact. When Capelli retired on lap 21 with a gearbox failure, Patrese and Cheever carried on the battle alone. After lap 51, the fight was for second place, with Patrese ahead. Despite a fuel pickup problem with his engine, Cheever mounted a challenge in the closing laps until his front brakes and one rear brake failed. He finished in third place.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Stefan Johansson had managed to drag the Onyx not only through pre-qualifying but also onto the grid and drove a steady race to be running in 7th place just outside the points before having to retire on lap 50 with suspension damage from a previous puncture.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
As was predicted, the two-hour time limit was reached after 75 of the scheduled 81 laps, and Prost coasted to his only United States win (after not having won at Watkins Glen, Long Beach, Las Vegas, Detroit or Dallas), and increased his then all-time record victory total to 36 and his first win in a naturally aspirated car (his only other season in F1 without turbo power had been his rookie season with McLaren in 1980 when the team used the Cosworth DFV V8 engine).


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Race report
He also took the lead, by two points over Senna, in the Driver's Championship, which he eventually won. Patrese's runner-up placing was his second in a row. After struggling through practice, qualifying and warm up, and starting from 14th spot, Patrese and technical director Patrick Head had guessed at a setup and finally got it right for the race. Eddie Cheever's third place was the ninth and last podium finish of his F1 career. Christian Danner benefited from retirements ahead of him to take fourth place for Rial. It was his best career finish and matched the best ever finish for the team.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Before the race there was a push to reduce the number of race laps from 81 to 70 due to the expected hot weather and after practice times had revealed the race would hit the two hour mark well before the scheduled number of laps had been reached: with the track almost the same length as the Adelaide Street Circuit used for the Australian Grand Prix, the prediction was that laps times would be around the 1:15 to 1:20 mark. Qualifying times, however, had been some 10–15 seconds slower than predicted.


1989 United States Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Ken Tyrrell was the only team boss who refused to sign the document which would have allowed the race length to be reduced. In the race, Jonathan Palmer lost a certain 4th place when his Tyrrell-Ford ran out of fuel on lap 69. Had the race been flagged after 70 laps, Palmer would have finished 4th having already been lapped by Prost instead of running out of fuel and being classified as 9th and last. The organizers were slightly disappointed with a crowd of 31,441  turned out for the race on Sunday in 100 degrees Fahrenheit heat, having hoped for 40,000.


1989 United States House of Representatives elections
In 1989 there were eight special elections to the United States House of Representatives.


1989 United States Navy order of battle
In 1989, the United States Navy was on the verge of massive cuts to military spending cuts including ship and aircraft procurement. These forces were expected to fight the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact and other potential adversaries in case of a war breaking out. At this time, the USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) of the Pacific Fleet was out of commission for Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) modernization leaving the 3rd Fleet with less carriers.


1989 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 7, 1989, in two states and one territory, as well as other statewide offices and members of state legislatures. Democrats picked up the open seat in New Jersey formerly held by a Republican while keeping another open seat in Virginia held by a Democrat.


1989 United States motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1989 United States motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1989 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of April 14–16, 1989 at Laguna Seca.


1989 United States motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
At the front of the grid, it’s Wayne Rainey, Kevin Schwantz, Wayne Gardner, Kevin Magee and Christian Sarron. Eddie Lawson moves from 6th to 2nd in the first turn. Rainey begins to pull away, with Lawson and Schwantz getting into a scrap that leads Lawson into making a mistake on the entry to the Corkscrew, pushing him back into the group of Gardner, Magee and Sarron.


1989 United States motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Gardner crashes out, breaking his leg. Lawson takes advantage of fuel-delivery problems Magee's Yamaha YZR 500 has on the last lap, making it an all-American podium with Rainey and Schwantz in first and second place.


1989 United States motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
On the cool-down lap, Magee is frustrated and starts a burnout just past turn five. Bubba Shobert is talking with Eddie Lawson as they cruise at low speed and doesn't see Magee. He accidentally clips Magee on his right side and gets slammed to the pavement. Shobert has serious head injuries that end his racing career, and Magee has a broken ankle. With Magee and Gardner both injured, Wayne Rainey’s lead in the standings can be threatened by Lawson getting the Honda set-up properly or Schwantz finishing races.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord
The 1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord (UP–DND accord) was a bilateral agreement between the Department of National Defense (DND) and the University of the Philippines (UP) that restricted military and police access and operations inside the university.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Background
On October 28, 1981, an agreement between then-UP student leader Sonia Soto and then-defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile, known as the Soto–Enrile accord, was signed to protect students from the presence of the military and police in any of UP's campuses.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Background
On June 16, 1989, Donato Continente, a staffer of The Philippine Collegian and an alleged communist, was arrested within the premises of the university for his involvement in the killing of US Army Col. James Nicholas Rowe on April 21, 1989. The Supreme Court of the Philippines later shortened Continente's jail sentence, releasing him on June 28, 2005, after being incarcerated for over 14 years. Continente pled not guilty of the crime and claimed that he was tortured and abducted by ununiformed authorities to admit that he took part of it.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Negotiation
14 days after Continente's arrest, on June 30, 1989, UP President Jose V. Abueva and Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos signed the agreement, which effectively succeeded the 1981 Soto–Enrile accord. The agreement was made to ensure the academic freedom of UP's students and prevent state officials from interfering with students' protests.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Termination
On January 18, 2021, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana and his office announced to the public the unilateral termination of the agreement citing that the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, New People's Army (NPA), both tagged as terrorist organizations by the Anti- Terrorism Council, have been recruiting members inside the university and called it a "hindrance in providing effective security, safety, and welfare of the students, faculty, and employees of UP." The DND notified the termination of the agreement to UP three days earlier. The Armed Forces of the Philippines chairman of the joint chiefs Gilbert Gapay claimed that at least 18 students of the university recruited by the NPA have been killed so far in clashes with the military according to their records.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Termination
A similar agreement between the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) and the DND that was signed in 1990 is also being advocated for termination by Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Termination, Reactions and responses
President Rodrigo Duterte supported the DND's decision to abrogate the agreement according to a statement by Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque. In an interview with CNN Philippines, Roque, a former UP law professor and human rights lawyer, replied to a tweet from UP professor Danilo Arao that questions his honor and excellence, by saying that he already asked the defense secretary and the UP president to settle down. When asked about his personal opinion about the decision, he said, "there's really no such thing when you are a presidential spokesperson."


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Termination, Reactions and responses
Vice President Leni Robredo, on the other hand, denounced the decision and said that the decision was meant to silence the critics of the administration. On January 20, Senators Joel Villanueva, Sonny Angara, Nancy Binay, and Grace Poe filed a bill in the Senate to institutionalize the accord into Republic Act No. 9005, or the University of the Philippines Charter of 2008. Several lawmakers from both branches of Congress have also expressed their concerns and disagreements with the DND's decision.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Termination, Reactions and responses
UP President Danilo Concepcion said that the termination of the agreement was "totally unnecessary and unwarranted" and was made without consulting the UP administration.


1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord, Termination, Reactions and responses
On January 19, the UP held a rally to condemn the termination of the agreement. The hashtag #DefendUP was trended on Twitter with some discussion pointed to the Duterte administration, stating that "this is another way of the administration to threaten and silence activists who have opposed President Duterte's several policies, especially on supposed red-tagging activities and on the COVID-19 pandemic response."


1989 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
It was contested by 13 teams, and Progreso won the championship.


1989 Uruguayan amnesty referendum
A referendum on an amnesty law was held in Uruguay on 16 April 1989. The amnesty had prevented the prosecution of the military and police who had been responsible for murder, torture and disappearances during the civic-military dictatorship between 1973 and 1985. The law was retained with 56% in favour of it.


1989 Uruguayan amnesty referendum, Background
In 1986, the ruling Colorado Party passed the Law on the Expiration of the Punitive Claims of the State, guaranteeing amnesty for the former military junta by a vote of 59 to 37. In 1988 victims of the dictatorship asked the Supreme Court of Justice to declare the law invalid, but the request was rejected by three votes to two.


1989 Uruguayan amnesty referendum, Background
In 1987 efforts were made to get enough signatures to force a referendum on the issue. A total of 634,702 signatures were obtained, above the required quorum of 555,701. However, the Electoral Court recognised only 532,718 of the collected signatures. After public protests a further 24,000 signatures were accepted as valid, passing the threshold.


1989 Uruguayan general election
The Uruguayan general election that took place on November 26, 1989, resulted in a clear win for the Partido Nacional, and victory for the Herrerismo-Renovación y Victoria presidential candidate, Luis Alberto Lacalle.


1989 Uruguayan general election
This was only the third time in the 20th century that the Partido Nacional won a general election. The incumbent Partido Colorado was defeated.


1989 Utah State Aggies football team
The 1989 Utah State Aggies football team represented Utah State University during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Big West Conference. The Aggies were led by fourth-year head coach Chuck Shelton and played their home games at Romney Stadium in Logan, Utah. After a difficult 0–4 start (including two Top 25 opponents and two in-state rivalry games), the Aggies finished the season winning four of seven to finish with a record of four wins and seven losses (4–7, 4–3 Big West).


1989 Utah Utes football team
The 1989 Utah Utes football team represented the University of Utah in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach Jim Fassel, the Utes compiled a 4–8 record (2–6 against WAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the WAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 524 to 365. The team played its home games in Rice Stadium in Salt Lake City, Utah.


1989 Utah Utes football team
The team's statistical leaders included Scott Mitchell with 3,211 passing yards, Clifton Smith with 681 rushing yards, and Dennis Smith with 1,091 receiving yards.


1989 Utah Utes football team, After the season, NFL draft
One Utah player was selected in the 1990 NFL Draft.


1989 VFA season
The 1989 Victorian Football Association season was the 108th season of the Australian rules football competition. It was the first season since 1960 in which the Association operated as a single-division competition, after having operated as a two-division competition with promotion and relegation between them for the previous 28 years. The premiership was won by the Coburg Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the Grand Final on 24 September by 20 points; it was Coburg's second premiership in a row, and its sixth and, as of 2019, last top division premiership overall.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, End of Division 2 and withdrawal of Geelong West
After several years of speculation, the Association's second division was dissolved for the 1989 season and competition was re-combined into a single division, ending 28 years of partitioned competition. The future of Division 2 had been uncertain for most of the 1980s, and both the temporary competition restructure of 1982, and the proposals of the FORT review of December 1986 had sought to remove promotion and relegation between the divisions because the gap in both on-field performances and off-field viability between the strongest and weakest teams had widened.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, End of Division 2 and withdrawal of Geelong West
Talk of the imminent demise of Division 2 began following the folding of Waverley in March 1988, at which point the size of the Association had reduced to 17 teams; Mordialloc's withdrawal a month later reduced the size to sixteen. By the end of the year, president Brook Andersen confirmed that the 1989 season would operate as a single division; and, that while his preference was for a twelve- or fourteen-team competition, all sixteen teams would be given the opportunity to justify their positions in the competition.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, End of Division 2 and withdrawal of Geelong West
The only club to withdraw between the end of 1988 and the beginning of 1989 was Geelong West. The club was heavily in debt, in large part because population growth had boosted the popularity of the Geelong Football League above that of the Association in Geelong, and it was unable to secure the $50,000 in sponsorship it needed to remain viable; and, throughout the 1980s it had been unable to field a competitive Thirds team due to difficulties in attracting juniors players willing to play in Melbourne every second week, rather than in the local Geelong competitions.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, End of Division 2 and withdrawal of Geelong West
The club decided that it needed to return to the local competition, where operating costs were lower, and where it would attract stronger support by performing at a more competitive level, and it formally withdrew from the Association on 27 October. The club was not permitted to join the GFL in its own right due to its proximity to the existing St Peters Football Club, but St Peters saw its own long-term viability as uncertain, so was willing to enter a merger. The resultant club was known as the Geelong West St Peters Football Club.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, End of Division 2 and withdrawal of Geelong West
Consequently, the size of the Association was reduced to fifteen teams, the smallest since 1957. With fifteen clubs in one division, the Association introduced the McIntyre Final Five system to replace the Page–McIntyre Final Four system.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, Uncompetitiveness of former Division 2 clubs and the withdrawal of Sunshine
During the two-division era, the Division 2 premiers had usually struggled to be competitive in their first season in the Division 1; so, in 1989, it was an unprecedented challenge for clubs who were already weak in Division 2 to adapt to playing former top division clubs in the single-division competition. The top two from the 1988 home-and-away season, Oakleigh and Werribee, were reasonably competitive, finishing with records of 8–10; but the other three clubs, Dandenong, Camberwell and Sunshine, were completely uncompetitive, and quickly risked causing embarrassment to the Association.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, Uncompetitiveness of former Division 2 clubs and the withdrawal of Sunshine
The Association board of management began discussing plans to reduce the size of the Association to twelve teams, but the board needed a two-thirds majority in a vote of club delegates to gain the power to set the number of clubs in the competition, and the vote was only 7–8 in favour of granting the powers.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, Uncompetitiveness of former Division 2 clubs and the withdrawal of Sunshine
The weakest club was Sunshine. The step up from Division 2 to the combined division was too great for it to manage, and after eight games, it was winless with a percentage of 31, and had twice conceded scores in excess of 300 points. On June 8, Sunshine announced its withdrawal from the seniors and reserves competitions for the rest of the season.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, Uncompetitiveness of former Division 2 clubs and the withdrawal of Sunshine
It intended to use the remainder of the season to regroup, secure local sponsorships, and target strong Footscray District Football League players and fringe Footscray Football Club League players to recruit a competitive playing list for the 1990 season. The club granted unconditional clearances to its players, hoping they would return to the club in 1990; and it continued to field an Under-19s team for the rest of the season, against the protests of some teams.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, Uncompetitiveness of former Division 2 clubs and the withdrawal of Sunshine
The eight games Sunshine had played were expunged from the records, and the rest of the senior and reserves fixture was redrawn to give all teams an equal number of games. At the end of the year, Sunshine was confident that it had rebuilt itself to be a viable and competitive club; but the Association disagreed and terminated its licence permanently at the end of the season.


1989 VFA season, Association membership and structure, Uncompetitiveness of former Division 2 clubs and the withdrawal of Sunshine
Camberwell and Dandenong were little more competitive than Sunshine. Camberwell defeated Sunshine, but since that game was expunged from the records, the club went on to officially finish the season winless in all three grades; its seniors conceded more than 200 points in each of its first six games of the season (excluding the game against Sunshine) and eight times overall. Dandenong's sole win for the season came against Camberwell, and it conceded 200 points six times during the year.


1989 VFA season, Premiership season
In the home-and-away season, each team played eighteen games over twenty rounds. The fixture after Round 9 was redrawn following the withdrawal of Sunshine from the senior and reserves competition (the under-19s fixture was unchanged). The top five then contested the finals under the McIntyre Final Five system. The primary finals venue was North Port Oval, and the Grand Final was played at Windy Hill.


1989 VFA season, Notable events, Interleague matches
In 1989, the Association competed in and won the NFL Shield, the NFL's interstate competition among the minor states, held in Tasmania over the Queen's Birthday weekend. Phil Cleary (Coburg) was coach of the Association team, and Brett McTaggart (Williamstown) was captain. Because Tasmania unexpectedly finished last in the qualifying matches, attendances and takings at later matches dropped, resulting in all six competing states losing $40,000 in expenses over the event. Rino Pretto (Oakleigh) kicked a VFA representative record of twelve goals in the Grand Final.


1989 VFL Grand Final
The 1989 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the Geelong Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 30 September 1989. It was the 93rd annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1989 VFL season. The match, attended by 94,796 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 6 points, marking that club's eighth premiership victory. It is regarded as one of the greatest grand finals of all time, noted for its high scoring, close winning margin, extreme physical toughness, and the courage and on-field heroics displayed by its injured players.


1989 VFL Grand Final, Background
Hawthorn were playing in their seventh successive Grand Final and eager to successfully defend the premiership for the first time in their history, after being denied in 1984 by Essendon and 1987 by Carlton. Under new coach Malcolm Blight, Geelong had become the most exciting team in the competition to watch, their all-out attacking style of play setting a point-scoring record for the home-and-away season (425 goals and 366 behinds for a total of 2916 points, at an average of nearly 133 points per game) and making it to their first VFL Grand Final since 1967.


1989 VFL Grand Final, Background
In the finals series leading up to the game, Geelong lost the Qualifying Final to Essendon by 76 points before beating Melbourne by 63 points in the first semi-final, and then defeating Essendon by 94 points in the preliminary final to advance to the grand final. Hawthorn had a much easier run, defeating Essendon in the second Semi-Final to advance straight to the grand final.


1989 VFL Grand Final, Background
In the week leading up to the grand final, Geelong's Paul Couch was awarded the Brownlow Medal.