1990 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The contenders
Other leading contenders were Cacoethes, who had been narrowly beaten by Nashwan in the previous year's King George who was accompanied by his pacemaker Limeburn and Terimon, who had finished second in the 1989 Epsom Derby and won the Earl of Sefton Stakes. The other runners included Sapience (Ebor Handicap, Princess of Wales's Stakes), Assatis (Gran Premio del Jockey Club, Hardwicke Stakes) and Legal Case (Champion Stakes). In The Wings headed the betting at odds of 3/1 ahead of Old Vic (4/1) and Cacoethes (11/2) with Belmez and Terimon on 15/2.


1990 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The race
Old Vic was sent into the lead by his jockey Steve Cauthen and set the pace from Limeburn. He maintained his advantage into the straight where he led from Belmez, Cacoethes, Assatis and In The Wings. Belmez took the lead with two furlongs to run but Old Vic rallied on the inside and the closing stages developed into a prolonged struggle between the two Henry-Cecil trained colts. Belmez prevailed by a neck, with Assatis finishing strongly to take third, a length and a half behind Old Vic. Cacoethes finished fourth ahead of In The Wings, Terimon and Charmer. There were long gaps back to Husyan and Sapience, with Legal Case and Limeburn bringing up the rear.


1990 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election
The 1990 Kingston upon Thames Council election took place on 3 May 1990 to elect members of Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the council stayed in no overall control.


1990 Kirghiz Supreme Soviet election
Supreme Soviet elections were held in the Kirghiz SSR on 25 February 1990, with a second round on 7 April. At the time, the Communist Party of Kirghizia (PKK) was the only party in the country, with most of the candidates being from large collectives or state organisations. Nevertheless, the Party of Communists won around 90% of the seats in the Supreme Soviet, although some MPs (both independents and PKK members) were informally affiliated with the Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan.


1990 Knowsley South by-election
The Knowsley South by-election, 1990 was a by-election held on 27 September 1990 for the British House of Commons constituency of Knowsley South in Merseyside.


1990 Knowsley South by-election
The by-election was caused by the death of the constituency's  Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) Sean Hughes on 25 June.


1990 Knowsley South by-election
The result was a Labour hold, with Edward O'Hara winning a majority of over 11,000 votes.


1990 Komotini events
The Komotini events (Turkish: Gümülcine olayları) occurred on 29 January 1990 between local Greek Christians and members of the ethnic Turkish minority in the Komotini area in northern Greece. The events started over the conviction and imprisonment of an ethnic Turkish MP, Sadik Achmet, by a Greek court. 400 shops were looted, and the offices of two Turkish newspapers ransacked. The clashes broke out after the murder of an ethnic Greek by a Muslim, while there were no Turkish casualties during the events.


1990 Komotini events, Background
The Turkish minority, which is recognized by the Council of Europe as part of the Muslim minority in Western Thrace, with estimates varying from 50,000 (official census) to as high as 130,000 (Human Rights Watch). The term 'Turkish minority' is officially denied by Greece via using "Muslim Greeks" instead. Discrimination of the Turks has been criticized by the US and the European Parliament. On January 26, 1990, a Greek court jailed 2 Turkish leaders because they used the word "Turk" in their political organization. Turks in Greece cannot choose their religious leader (mufti).


1990 Komotini events, Background
According to Human Rights Watch the religious, educational, and language rights of the Turkish minority in Greece have been violated.


1990 Komotini events, Events
The events started in Komotini, when 1,500 Turkish origin Greeks gathered near a mosque chanting "we are Turks" in protest of the 1982 Supreme Court ruling restricting the use of the word "Turkish". After the broadcast of an erroneous news item on a local radio station, organized Greek mobs damaged and looted around 400 shops of the Turkish minority as well as beating up some of the minority members including the acting mufti. The police did not intervene. After international reaction 12 Greeks were arrested for attacking Muslim premises.


1990 Komotini events, Events
According to an eye-witness reported by Helsinki Watch: Greek mobs consisted of approximately 40 to 50 people running wild, breaking windows, beating people and vandalizing cars; he saw a police car coming behind the mob, without making any effort to stop the Greek nationalists. Foreign observers stated Greek shops were not touched, indeed many of these shops displayed Greek flags in the windows, suggesting the riots were carefully orchestrated, and that the police did not interfere to stop the mobs.


1990 Komotini events, Aftermath
The event increased the tension between Greece and Turkey when the Turkish Consul in Komotini was declared "persona non grata" and expelled from the country for having referred to the minority as "our kinsmen" in a letter he wrote to Greek authorities demanding the indemnification of damaged shops. Turkey retaliated by expelling the Greek Consul in Istanbul.


1990 Komotini events, Aftermath
When a group from Synaspismos (Coalition of the Left) led by Maria Damanaki a member of Greek parliament visited the destroyed shops of the city two days after the events, they were verbally attacked by some Greek nationalists. During their meeting with the local politicians at the town hall, an angry mob gathered outside to protest, calling Damanaki a traitor. The group could not meet the minority representatives under such circumstances and had to abandon the town hall under police surveillance.


1990 Komotini events, Aftermath
In 1991 when Turks protested the dismissal of their chosen Mufti by the Greek government the tension increased again, reportedly thirteen people were injured and the Mosque of Komotini was bombed.


1990 Kraft General Foods of Moscow
The Kraft General Foods of Moscow (Russian: Московский турнир «Крафт Дженерал Фудс»; after the title sponsor of that year's WTA tour) was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Soviet Union, that was part of Tier V of the 1990 Kraft General Foods World Tour (1990 WTA Tour).


1990 Kraft General Foods of Moscow
It was held from October 1 through 7, 1990, and was the second edition of the WTA tournament inaugurated under the title of Virginia Slims of Moscow in 1989 and later known as the St. Petersburg Open and the Moscow Ladies Open.


1990 Kraft General Foods of Moscow, Champions, Doubles
Gretchen Magers /  Robin White defeated  Elena Brioukhovets /  Eugenia Maniokova 6–2, 6–4


1990 Kremlin Cup
The 1990 Kremlin Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 1st edition of the Kremlin Cup, and was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. It took place at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia, from 5 November through 12 November 1990. Only men were involved in singles and doubles - it became a joint event in 1996.


1990 Kremlin Cup, Finals, Doubles
Hendrik Jan Davids /  Paul Haarhuis defeated  John Fitzgerald /  Anders Järryd, 6–4, 7–6


1990 Kremlin Cup – Doubles
In this first edition of the annual Kremlin Cup tennis competition, the doubles category winners were H. J. Davids and P. Haarhuis with winning scores of 6-4 and 7-6. This team became the first winner of the Kremlin Cup for doubles.


1990 Kremlin Cup – Singles
Andrei Cherkasov won in the final 6–2, 6–1, against Tim Mayotte and with this he became the first winner of the Kremlin Cup


1990 Kuala Lumpur–Karak Highway crash
The 1990 Kuala Lumpur–Karak Highway crash was a highway pile-up took place in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia on 28 February 1990. About 17 people were killed when the passenger bus collided with a tanker lorry, FRU riot police vehicles, a lorry, two taxis and six cars at kilometre 30.9 of the Kuala Lumpur–Karak Highway about 5 km from Genting Sempah Tunnel at Selangor–Pahang border. 11 FRU riot police personal were killed too. Many vehicles to and from Kuala Lumpur were trapped in a massive jams for five hours. This was the worst highway disaster in Malaysia since Kuala Lumpur–Karak Highway was opened to traffic in 1979.


1990 Kuwaiti National Council election
National Council elections were held in Kuwait on 10 June 1990. The Council (only half of which was elected) was created by the Emir to try to appease protestors. A total of 574 candidates contested the 50 seats, and although opposition called for a boycott, turnout was 62.3%.


1990 Kvalserien
The 1990 Kvalserien was the 16th edition of the Kvalserien. It determined which team of the participating ones would play in the 1990–91 Elitserien season and which three teams would play in the 1990–91 Swedish Division 1 season.


1990 L.League
Statistics of L. League in the 1990 season. Yomiuri SC Ladies Beleza won the championship.


1990 LPGA Championship
The 1990 LPGA Championship was the 36th LPGA Championship, played July 26–29 at Bethesda Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb northwest of Washington, D.C.


1990 LPGA Championship
Five strokes back, Beth Daniel shot a final round 66 (−5) for 280 (−4) to win her sole major title, a stroke ahead of runner-up Rosie Jones, the third round leader.


1990 LPGA Championship
This was the first of four consecutive LPGA Championships at Bethesda Country Club. The purse (and winner's share) were doubled this year to $1 million and $150,000, respectively, the largest in LPGA Tour history. The LPGA Championship was the tour's richest major from this year through 1995.


1990 LPGA Tour
The 1990 LPGA Tour was the 41st season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 19 to November 4. The season consisted of 34 official money events. Beth Daniel won the most tournaments, seven. She also led the money list with earnings of $863,578.


1990 LPGA Tour
The Mazda LPGA Championship was the first tournament to offer a $1,000,000 purse and the first to have a winner's share of over $100,000. There were seven first-time winners in 1990: Jane Crafter, Cathy Gerring, Cathy Johnston, Kris Monaghan, Barb Mucha, Tina Purtzer, and Maggie Will.


1990 LPGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1990 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1990 LSU Tigers football team
The 1990 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University in the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Tigers played their home games at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.


1990 LSU Tigers football team
Coach Mike Archer announced his resignation November 15, but he coached the Tigers in their last two games.


1990 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1990 La Flèche Wallonne was the 54th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 11 April 1990. The race started in Spa and finished in Huy. The race was won by Moreno Argentin of the Ariostea team.


1990 Labatt Brier
The 1990 Labatt Brier, the Canadian men's curling championship, was held from March 4 to 11 in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.


1990 Labatt Brier
Ed Werenich of Ontario defeated Jim Sullivan of New Brunswick to win his second Brier.


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Harold Breckenridge Third: Jim McDonald Second: Ron Fulkerth Lead: Dennis Balderston Alternate: Stu Erickson


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Craig Lepine Third: Ross Graham Second: Mike Bradley Lead: Glen McEachran Alternate: Brent Giles


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Duane Edwards Third: Kelly McMechan Second: Don Williams Lead: Jack Edwards Alternate: Phil Edwards


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Jim Sullivan Third: Charlie Sullivan Second: Craig Burgess Lead: Paul Power Alternate: Dan Alderman


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Glenn Goss Third: Geoff Cunningham Second: John Allan Lead: Neil Young Alternate: Gary Tiller


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Al Harnden Third: Eric Harnden Second: Rich Evoy Lead: Frank Caputo Alternate: Rollie Ralph


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Alan Darragh Third: Peter MacPhee Second: Dave Wallace Lead: Brad McCaughan Alternate: Steve Johnston


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Ed Werenich Third: John Kawaja Second: Ian Tetley Lead: Pat Perroud Alternate: Neil Harrison


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Ted MacFadyen Third: Bill MacFadyen Second: Mike Coady Lead: Sandy Foy Alternate: Dave MacFadyen


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Kevin Adams Third: Rob MacLean Second: Malcolm Turner Lead: Don Reddick Alternate: Andrew Carter


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Jamie Schneider Third: Rick Schneider Second: Mike Schneider Lead: Larry Schneider Alternate: Daryl Nixon


1990 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Trevor Alexander Third: Richard Robertson Second: Brad Robertson Lead: Clay Ravndal Alternate: Bill Strain


1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election
Elections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet took place on 24 October 1990. Under the rules then in effect, the Commons members of the Parliamentary Labour Party elected 18 members of the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet, who were then assigned portfolios by the leader. The Commons members of the PLP separately elected the Chief Whip, and the Labour peers elected the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords. In addition, the Leader of the Labour Party and Deputy Leader (Neil Kinnock and Roy Hattersley, respectively) were members by virtue of those offices.


1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election
As a result of the election, Joan Lestor lost her seat in the Shadow Cabinet, and was replaced by Ann Taylor; all other members were re-elected.


1990 Ladies European Tour
The 1990 Ladies European Tour was a series of golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world which took place in 1990. The tournaments were sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour (LET).


1990 Ladies European Tour, Tournaments
The table below shows the 1990 schedule. The numbers in brackets after the winners' names show the number of career wins they had on the Ladies European Tour up to and including that event. This is only shown for members of the tour.


1990 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1990 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Leopards finished second-to-last in the newly renamed Patriot League.


1990 Lafayette Leopards football team
In their tenth year under head coach Bill Russo, the Leopards compiled a 4–7 record. Art Bittel and Tom Costello were the team captains.


1990 Lafayette Leopards football team
The Leopards were outscored 318 to 223. Their 1–4 conference record placed fifth in the six-team Patriot League standings. This was the first year of competition under the Patriot League banner; the league had been known as the Colonial League since 1986.


1990 Lafayette Leopards football team
Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1990 Lambeth London Borough Council election
Elections to Lambeth London Borough Council were held in May 1990. The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 42.3%.


1990 Lao League
The 1990 Lao League was the first recorded season of top flight football in Laos, though the league appears to have been running in some form since at least 1982. Lao Army FC from Vientiane won the championship.


1990 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Gauja won the championship.


1990 Latvian Supreme Soviet election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Latvian SSR on 18 March 1990. It was the first free parliamentary election in Latvia since 1931 and saw 201 deputies elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR, 170 of them in the first round. Run-off elections were held on 25 March, 1 April and 29 April. The Popular Front of Latvia won over two-thirds of the vote. Unlike its Estonian and Lithuanian counterparts, the Latvian Communist Party did not separate from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Nonetheless, on 3 May 1990, the new Supreme Soviet re-elected the Communist Party member Anatolijs Gorbunovs as its chairman, effectively the leader of Latvia. He subsequently resigned from the party, and a year later the Communist Party was banned by the parliament.


1990 Latvian Supreme Soviet election
The elected parliament was responsible for some of the most important decisions in modern Latvian history, such as the declaration of renewed independence from the Soviet Union.


1990 Latvian Supreme Soviet election
It was the first and only free election to the Supreme Soviet of Latvian SSR. The next parliament was elected as Saeima in 1993.


1990 Latvian Supreme Soviet election
Voting was held on the same day as an election in the Estonian SSR and Latvian municipal elections.


1990 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1990 Laurence Olivier Awards were held in 1990 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of London Theatre. As the last ceremony was held in 1988, these awards honored productions from both 1989 and 1990.


1990 Lazio regional election
The Lazio regional election of 1990 took place on 6 and 7 May 1990.


1990 Lazio regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, largely ahead of the Italian Communist Party, which placed second. After the election Christian Democrat Rodolfo Gigli formed a government which included the Italian Socialist Party and some minor parties (Pentapartito).


1990 Lazio regional election, Events
After 1992, following the Tangentopoli scandals, Gigli was succeeded by a succession of governments led by Giorgio Pasetto (Christian Democrat, 1992–1994), Carlo Proietti (Democratic Party of the Left, 1994–1995) and Arturo Osio (Green, 1995).


1990 Leeds City Council election
The Leeds City Council elections were held on Thursday, 4 May 1990, with one third of the council and vacancies in Beeston and North to be elected. There had been a number of by-elections in the interim, resulting in two Labour gains in Armley and Burmantofts from the Social and Liberal Democrats and holds elsewhere.


1990 Leeds City Council election
The election was held amidst deep unpopularity for the Conservative national government and their poll tax measure, resulting in the party's worst ever performance in the English locals. The effects it had in Leeds were no less severe, with the party obtaining a record low vote share, with their victories confined to just 4 of the 33 wards, restricted to their Northern heartlands – Cookridge, North, Roundhay and Wetherby – losing stalwarts Aireborough, Halton, Pudsey North and Weetwood to Labour for the first time.


1990 Leeds City Council election
Both the Conservative vote and the SLD vote were little changed from the previous election; the landslide was caused by a remarkable increase in Labour's vote – over 50% on recent elections – bringing with it a record turnout (with 1979 omitted). The SLD's slate was notably much reduced, fielding their lowest number of candidates since 1978, after their fall-back at their last outing. Similar to the last election, their sole loss was found in Armley to Labour, narrowly holding onto Otley & Wharfedale, but much more comfortably their Horsforth and Moortown seats. In total, Labour's five gains extended their majority by ten, comfortably surpassing party records in votes, vote share and council majority.


1990 Leeds City Council election
Elsewhere, the leader of the newly formed Liberal Party Michael Meadowcroft – alongside his fellow candidate in Harehills – won a respectable second place in Bramley. Meanwhile, their fellow SLD defectors, the SDP joined the Communists in producing just one candidate – with both collecting negligible support, suggesting possible demise (with the latter likely adversely impacted by recent international events).


1990 Leeds City Council election, Election result
This result has the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:


1990 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1990 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1990 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Lehigh tied for second place in the newly renamed Patriot League.


1990 Lehigh Engineers football team
In their fifth year under head coach Hank Small, the Engineers compiled a 7–4 record. Craig Domalewski and Jarrod Johnson were the team captains.


1990 Lehigh Engineers football team
The Engineers outscored opponents 329 to 211. Their 3–2 conference record placed Lehigh in a three-way tie for second place in the six-team Patriot League standings. This was the first year of competition under the Patriot League banner; the league had been known as the Colonial League since 1986.


1990 Lehigh Engineers football team
Following two early-season wins, Lehigh briefly entered the national Division I-AA rankings, appearing at No. 20 in the poll released September 18. A loss dropped them out of the top 20 the next week. Lehigh finished the season unranked.


1990 Lehigh Engineers football team
Lehigh played its home games at Goodman Stadium on the university's Goodman Campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1990 Lewisham London Borough Council election
Elections to Lewisham London Borough Council were held in May 1990. The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 39.6%.


1990 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election
A spill of the leadership of the Liberal Party of Australia took place on 3 April 1990, following the defeat of the Liberal Party at the federal election five days earlier. The spill was won by John Hewson over Peter Reith by 62 votes to 13. Reith was then elected deputy leader of the Party.


1990 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election
An election for the deputy leadership of the party was held, as under Liberal Party rules, all leadership positions are declared vacant after a general election, no matter what the outcome.


1990 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election, Background
Despite winning a slim majority (50.10 percent) of the two-party vote in the 1990 election, the Coalition came seven seats short of government. Andrew Peacock stood down as leader less than a year since he replaced John Howard, and supported his Shadow Treasurer John Hewson to replace him.


1990 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election, Aftermath
After his election as leader, Hewson endorsed former leader Peacock as his deputy, which caused a furore with Howard supporters, however, Peacock had no interest in becoming deputy leader again and withdrew happily. Peter Reith was instead elected deputy in a close contest against Peacock supporter David Jull.


1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
The 1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was held on 23 June 1990 in Calgary, Alberta. The party chose former Deputy Prime Minister Jean Chrétien as its new leader, replacing the outgoing leader, former Prime Minister John Turner.


1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Candidates
Supporters in caucus:  Jack Anawak, Mark Assad, George Baker, Réginald Bélair, David Berger, Charles Caccia, Coline Campbell, Rex Crawford, Keith Davey (Senator), David Dingwall, Maurice Dionne, Ronald Duhamel, Sheila Finestone, Maurice Foster, Beryl Gaffney, Alfonso Gagliano, Mac Harb, Bob Kaplan, Jim Karygiannis, Leo Kolber (Senator), Derek Lee, Lawrence MacAulay, Roy MacLaren, Shirley Maheu, Sergio Marchi, Peter Milliken, Dennis Mills, Rey Pagtakhan, Gilbert Parent, George Proud, Pietro Rizzuto (Senator), Fernand Robichaud, Bill Rompkey, Roger Simmons, Brian Tobin, Lyle Vanclief, Bob Wood


1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Candidates
Supporters in caucus:  Maurizio Bevilacqua, Jesse Flis, Albina Guarnieri, Jean Lapierre, Paul Martin, Jim Peterson, Gilles Rocheleau, Joe Volpe


1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Candidates
(Sources used:  "30 MPs endorse Chrétien", Toronto Star, 24 January 1990; Shelley Page, "Liberal MPs jockey for favor with new boss over leadership", Toronto Star, 22 May 1990; Geoff Pounsett, "Missing Meech deadline won't kill Canada: Chrétien", Kingston Whig-Standard, 28 May 1990, p. 2; Ross Howard, "Liberal candidates fight over Meech Chrétien scolded by Martin, Copps ", Globe and Mail, 21 June 1990, A1; David Vienneau, "Martin says he'll run again", Toronto Star, 25 June 1990.)


1990 Liberty Bowl
The 1990 Liberty Bowl was an college football postseason bowl game played on December 27, 1990, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The 32nd edition of the Liberty Bowl, it matched the Air Force Falcons and the Ohio State Buckeyes. Air Force won the game by a score of 23–11.


1990 Liberty Bowl, Background
The highlight of the Falcons' season was defeating Navy and Army to win the 1990 Commander and Chief Trophy while finishing 6th out of 9 teams in the Western Athletic Conference. Ohio State's biggest profile win was against then-#6 Iowa. They had finished 5th in the Big Ten Conference in a year that had four co-champions. This was the second Liberty Bowl for both teams; Air Force having played in the prior edition, and Ohio State having played in 1981.


1990 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Despite outweighing their defense, Ohio State could not get the run going, as Robert Smith only had 62 rushing yards and one touchdown. Ohio State quarterback Greg Frey went 10 for 27 for 110 yards, but also threw an interception before being replaced by Kent Graham late. Ohio State had a 5-0 lead in the first due to recovering a muffed punt in the end zone for a safety and later converting a field goal. But Perez gave the Falcons the lead with 3:42 in the half on a touchdown sneak, entering halftime with a 6-5 lead.


1990 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Perez added in another touchdown run to make it 13-5 in the third quarter. Ohio State narrowed the lead to 13-11 as they went for two to tie. But Graham's pass was too high to his receiver, keeping the deficit at 2. The Falcons added a field goal after a bad punt to make it 16-11. While driving to try to take the lead, Frey's pass was intercepted and returned 40 yards by Carlton McDonald (his second of the day), clinching the win for Air Force, their first bowl win since the 1985 Bluebonnet Bowl. Rob Perez only threw 1 for 3 passes (a Liberty Bowl record for fewest pass completions) for 11 yards and an interception, but he also rushed for 93 yards and 2 touchdowns for Air Force.


1990 Liberty Bowl, Aftermath
Ohio State would not win a bowl game until 1993. Air Force would go to two straight Liberty Bowls. As of the beginning of the 2021 college football season, this is the only meeting between Air Force and Ohio State.


1990 Liechtenstein tax referendum
A referendum on national communal taxes was held in Liechtenstein on 21 October 1990. The proposal was rejected by 76.0% of voters.


1990 Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito season
Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 1990 season was the club's 60th year of existence, the 37th year in professional football and the 30th in the top level of professional football in Ecuador.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1
The 1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1 season is the second season of Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1. A total of 10 teams participated in the season.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1
Perlis, Perak and Sabah were promoted from Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2 to a now increased total number of teams competing in the league from nine to become ten teams.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1
Under the new format, only the top six teams in Divisyen 1 and the Divisyen 2 champions and runners-up will be involved in the Malaysia Cup. Malaysia Cup was played from the quarter-final stage, scheduled for November after the league was finished. The Malaysia Cup quarter-final and semi-final matches will be played on a home and away basis.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1
The season kicked off on 5 May 1990. Selangor ended up the season by winning the title.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1, Teams
10 teams competing in the second season of Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2
The 1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2 season is the second season of Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2. A total of eight teams participated in the season.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2
Penang and Kelantan were relegated from Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1 and Police was promoted to the league in order to have an even number of teams after three teams were promoted to the first division.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2
Under the new format, only the top six teams in Divisyen 1 and the Divisyen 2 champions and runners-up will be involved in the Malaysia Cup. Malaysia Cup was played from the quarter-final stage, scheduled for November after the league was finished. The Malaysia Cup quarter-final and semi-final matches will be played on a home and away basis.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2
The season kicked off on 5 May 1990. Terengganu ended up the season by winning the title.


1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2, Teams
Eight teams competing in the second season of Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2.


1990 Ligurian regional election
The Ligurian regional election of 1990 took place on 6 and 7 May 1990.


1990 Ligurian regional election, Events
Christian Democracy and the Italian Communist Party lost many votes, especially to Ligurian Union and the Greens. After the election Christian Democrat Giacomo Gualco formed a government with the Italian Socialist Party and their centrist allies (Pentapartito). In 1992 Glauco was replaced by Edmondo Ferrero, to whom Giancarlo Mori succeeded in 1994 with a centre-left majority.


1990 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1990 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 96th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.


1990 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Ballybrown were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Patrickswell in first round.


1990 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
On 21 October 1990, Patrickswell won the championship after a 1-15 to 1-12 defeat of Adare in the final. It was their 12th championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.


1990 Lion Cup
The 1990 Lion Cup was the eighth edition of the Lion Cup, the premier domestic rugby union knock-out competition in South Africa.


1990 Lion Cup, Teams
All 25 South African provincial teams took part in this competition. They were ranked as follows:


1990 Lion Cup, Competition
This competition was a knock-out competition. The 25 teams were divided into six groups of four teams (with a fifth team in Group F). The teams ranked 24 and 25 played each other in the Qualifying Round with the winner advancing to Round One. In Round One, the teams from Group C played against the teams in Group E, while the teams in Group D played against the teams in Group F. In Round Two, the winners of the eight Round One ties played against each other for a place in Round Three. The winners of the four Round Two matches then joined teams in Group B for Round Three, with the winning teams progressing to the Quarter Finals (where they were joined by the teams from Group A), followed by Semi-Finals and the Final.


1990 Lipton International Players Championships
The 1990 Lipton International Players Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 6th edition of the Miami tournament, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1990 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 1990 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida in the United States, from March 12 through March 26, 1990.


1990 Lipton International Players Championships
The men's field was headlined by World No. 1, Australian Open champion, Milan, Toronto indoor, 1989 Key Biscayne winner Ivan Lendl, Brussels titlist, US Open and Wimbledon defending champion Boris Becker and Australian Open finalist, Indian Wells winner Stefan Edberg. Other top players in the field were Rotterdam titlist Brad Gilbert, San Francisco winner Andre Agassi, Aaron Krickstein, Jay Berger and Tim Mayotte.


1990 Lipton International Players Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Rick Leach /  Jim Pugh defeated  Boris Becker /  Cássio Motta 6–4, 3–6, 6–3


1990 Lipton International Players Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Jana Novotná /  Helena Suková defeated  Betsy Nagelsen /  Robin White 6–4, 6–3


1990 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Doubles
Jakob Hlasek and Anders Järryd were the defending champions, but did not participate together this year. Hlasek partnered Guy Forget, losing in the semifinals. Järryd partnered John Fitzgerald, losing in the second round.


1990 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Doubles
Rick Leach and Jim Pugh won the title, defeating Boris Becker and Cássio Motta 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 in the final.


1990 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
All sixteen seeded teams received byes into the second round.


1990 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Singles
Ivan Lendl was the defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Emilio Sanchez.


1990 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Singles
Andre Agassi won the title, defeating Stefan Edberg 6–1, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2 in the final.


1990 Lithuanian Athletics Championships
The 67th 1990 Lithuanian Athletics Championships were held at 1990.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election
Supreme Soviet elections were held in the Lithuanian SSR on 24 February with run-off elections on 4, 7, 8 and 10 March 1990 to elect the 141 members of the Supreme Soviet. In six constituencies, voter turnout was below the required minimum and a third round was held on 17 and 21 April. For the first time since 1940 elections to the  People's Seimas, non-communist candidates were allowed to run. The elections were the first free nationwide elections since 1926.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election
The pro-independence Sąjūdis movement refused to become a political party and endorsed non-partisan candidates or candidates of various other political parties based on their personal merits. These endorsements often meant more than the official party affiliations, and Sąjūdis-backed candidates won 91 seats. During its third session on 11 March 1990, the Supreme Soviet adopted the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, declaring Lithuania's independence from the Soviet Union.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Electoral system
Members of the Supreme Soviet were elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Background
The Eleventh Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR was elected on 24 February 1985. It acted as rubber stamp legislature up until the summer of 1988. By the summer of that same year Reform Movement was founded and gained support Lithuania SSR-wide. Along side this, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev announced slogan of Demokratizatsiya, which intended to make Soviet institutions more democratic. It proposed candidacy of more than one person to single seat in soviets of various levels in the elections.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Background
On 15 January 1989, first free elections took place for two vacant deputies' seats in Šiauliai. One of them has been won by Sąjūdis supported independent candidate Zigmas Vaišvila.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Background
On 26 March 1989, elections took place for 42 seats in the Congress of People's Deputies. Despite the Easter Sunday celebrations and boycott by dissident organizations such as the Lithuanian Liberty League, the turnout reached 82.5%. The results were a sweeping victory to Sąjūdis: 36 out of its 39 candidates won against the Communist Party of Lithuania (CPL) (some of these candidates were CPL members themselves). The communists won only 6 seats; two of them were uncontested as Sąjūdis withdrew its candidates in favor of Algirdas Brazauskas and Vladimiras Beriozovas. CPL, shaken by the defeat, was losing authority and membership. To save the party, its leader Brazauskas moved closer to the pro-independence movements. By the summer of 1989, the party supported calls for "sovereignty" and cooperated with Sąjūdis.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Background
On 29 September 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR Deputies' Election Act was passed. It reduced future Supreme Soviet by 60 per cent (from 350 to 141 members) and eliminated deputies from local government soviets and various organisations in the process. At the same day, election day to the new Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR was proposed on 24 February 1990, what will be done on 23 November 1989.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Background
On 7 December 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR, then almost fully controlled by CPL, amended the Constitution of the Lithuanian SSR eliminating Article 6, which established communist party monopoly in political life. At the same day, Article 7, which established Komsomol participation in political life (including elections), was amended as well. These decisions meant that Lithuania eliminated legal obstacles for a multi-party system and allowed other parties to compete in the upcoming parliamentary elections.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Background
During its 20th congress on 19–20 December, the CPL separated itself from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) by a vote of 855 to 160. For such insubordination, Brazauskas was scolded in a special session of the Central Committee of CPSU and Mikhail Gorbachev made a personal visit to Lithuania to heal the rift in January 1990. However, such measures changed little and CPL (independent) kept slowly pushing for independence. This political divorce was not approved by hardline communists. They established a separate CPL, which was still part of the CPSU and claimed to be the legal successor of the "real" CPL. This pro-Moscow group was led by Mykolas Burokevičius and included disproportionately large numbers of representatives from Russian and Polish minorities.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Campaign and results
The main competition was between Sąjūdis and CPL (independent). While both camps agreed on the eventual goal of independent Lithuania, Sąjūdis advocated acting quickly without fearing Moscow's reaction and CPL campaigned for a step-by-step approach to avoid conflict with Moscow. Even though Sąjūdis was not a political party and was not reflected in any official statistics, its endorsements had an immense influence on candidate's electability because the votes would be cast not for party lists, but for specific personalities. Such endorsements would be handed out based on personal merits and without regard to political affiliation. Therefore, a number of CPL members was backed by Sąjūdis. Other parties were formed just recently and did not enjoy widespread popularity. Of all parties participating, only CPL (CPSU) did not support Lithuanian independence.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Campaign and results
A total of 522 candidates registered for the election, but 50 dropped out before the election day. Of the remaining 472 candidates, 201 were proposed by the CPL (independent), 139 were nonpartisans, and 79 were listed by CPL (CPSU). After the first round of voting, 90 delegates were elected. In 51 constituencies, the run-off elections were held in early March. Originally scheduled for 10 March, the run-off was pushed forward whenever possible so that the Supreme Soviet could meet as soon as possible.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Campaign and results
Due to low voter turnout (primarily in areas where Polish and Russian minorities concentrated), elections in six constituencies were invalid. In total, 91 out of 135 deputies were endorsed by Sąjūdis. Note that different sources often provide different breakdown between Sąjūdis, nonpartisan, and CPL (independent) delegates as the division was not clear-cut: Sąjūdis did not have formal membership while CPL kept losing its members. CPL (independent), despite internal reforms and push for independence, fared rather poorly. Observers note that the communists ran a passive campaign and lacked personalities that could compete with prominent intellectuals of Sąjūdis. Also, the campaign was framed as a referendum for Lithuania's independence – all those in support were morally obligated to vote for Sąjūdis.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Declaration of independence
Immediately after the first round, elected delegates gathered for semi-formal discussions and consultations. Some of the critical decisions were made during these "tea talks" between the first and second rounds of the election. The Supreme Soviet was to convene as soon as possible (two weeks after the election) and declare independence without delay. The Lithuanians were afraid that during the scheduled assembly of the Congress of People's Deputies on 12 March 1990, Gorbachev would be appointed as the President of the Soviet Union and would gain greater powers within the union. Specifically, Lithuanians feared that Gorbachev would pass a law on secession that would make it virtually impossible to break away from the Soviet Union. At the time of its first gathering on 10 March, the final results of the run-off election were not yet available.


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Declaration of independence
During the first session, the delegates elected a commission to verify the election results. As verification was a time-consuming process, the Supreme Soviet adjourned until 9 am next morning. On 11 March, the Supreme Soviet elected Vytautas Landsbergis, leader of Sąjūdis, as its chairman (91 votes) against Algirdas Brazauskas, leader of CPL, (38 votes). On the same day  the Soviet changed its name to the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania, re-adopted interwar coat of arms, and passed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania (124 votes in favor, 6 abstentions, none opposed).


1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, Declaration of independence
It also abolished Soviet constitutions and re-adopted the Lithuanian Constitution of 1938, the last constitution before the Soviet occupation. It was a symbolic move to emphasize the legal continuity of the interwar state as the Constitution of 1938 was suspended minutes later and replaced by the Provisional Fundamental Law, based on the Constitution of Lithuanian SSR proposals of 1989. Thus Lithuania officially declared its independence from the Soviet Union.


1990 Little League World Series
The 1990 Little League World Series took place between August 21 and August 26 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The San Hua Little League of Tainan, Taiwan defeated the Shippensburg Little League of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania in the championship game of the 44th Little League World Series. Excessive rain delays resulted in the championship game being rescheduled from August 25 to August 26 (a Sunday), with highlights broadcast on ESPN on tape delay.


1990 Little League World Series, Championship bracket
The semi-final games were delayed two days, due to rain. The championship game was played on a Sunday for the first time in LLWS history, due prior game postponements due to rain.


1990 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 3 May 1990. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party kept overall control of the council.


1990 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results, Abercromby
As there were two vacancies for this seat, in order to allow comparison, only the votes for the highest scoring candidate for each party have been used to compile the statistics.


1990 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 1990 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 76th edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 15 April 1990. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Eric Van Lancker of the Panasonic team.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church
The 1990 Local Council meeting was the fifth in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Local Council in the second patriarchal period (since 1917), which took place on 7 and 8 June 1990 at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church
The council elected the 15th Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, Metropolitan Alexy of Leningrad and Novgorod (Ridiger) and canonized confessors, martyrs and saints, including St. John of Kronstadt. During the council discussed the problem of relations with the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, combat the activation of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in western Ukraine and relations with the state.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Background
On the day of the death of Patriarch Pimen, May 3, 1990, a meeting of the Holy Synod was held: according to the "Charter of the Russian Orthodox Church" which was adopted two years earlier, during the 1998 meeting of the local council - Chapter 4, "The Holy Synod at widowhood Patriarchal chair, chaired by Metropolitan of Kiev, elected from among the permanent members of the locum tenens of the Patriarchal Throne. Of 6-permanent members of the Holy Synod by secret ballot in two rounds Locum Tenens was elected Metropolitan of Kiev and Galich Filaret (Denisenko).


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Background
May 7 Holy Synod ruled convene from 6 to 10 June of the Local Council for the election of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia and the Commission for the preparation of the Council, headed by the Locum Tenens. Synod decided to hold until May 26 diocesan meeting to elect delegates to the Council by the following quota: one cleric and layman from dioceses, and one representative from the monasteries, theological academies and seminaries. [ 6] All bishops are in the departments, according to the ordinance of the Russian Orthodox Church are members of the Local Council. [ 5]


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Background
Archpriest Vladislav Tcipin, responding to a question about whether the government was trying to influence the cathedral, said: "In the preparatory stage, probably Council for Religious Affairs tried to intervene and influence. We can assume <...> that the election locum tenens <...> was under the influence of some advice, but in time for the election of the Local Council all said that this influence is not existing.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Bishops' Council meeting
June 6 at the Patriarch's residence in the Danilov Monastery opened the Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, which was to discuss the program of the Local Council. Council of Bishops elected three candidates to the patriarchal throne and ruled that the Local Council may supplement the number of candidates. Of the 92 bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch could be chosen 75: regulations did not allow the election of the bishop under the age of 40 years, as well as the person is not a citizen of the USSR. Each bishop could vote for one, two or three bishops, striking out the rest of the list.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Bishops' Council meeting
Secret ballot in the first round were elected Metropolitan of Leningrad Alexis (37 votes) and Metropolitan Vladimir of Rostov (34 votes). The second round took place because the Metropolitan of Kiev and Metropolitan Filaret Krutitsy and Kolomna Juvenal (Poyarkov) received an equal number of votes - 25. According to the results of the second round superiority in 1 vote (34 against 33 for the remaining invalid ballots) received Metropolitan Filaret.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
June 7 Divine Liturgy at the Holy Trinity Cathedral of St. Sergius Lavra opened the Local Council . Council meetings were held in the Refectory Church of St Sergius, and participated in them 317 delegates: 90 bishops (sickness could not arrive metropolitan Riga Leonid (Polyakov) and Archbishop Seraphim of Zurich ( Rodionov ), 92 cleric, 88 laymen, including 38 women, 39 representatives from monasteries and 8 delegates from religious schools. 40 members of the Council representing foreign diocese of the Russian Church .


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
At the beginning of the first hour of the day opening remarks said Patriarchal Vicar Filaret, in which he touched upon the unity of the church:


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
The main thing we pray today is our unity... The millennial history of the Russian Church, two thousand years of experience of the Ecumenical Orthodox clearly indicate that the deviation from the purity of the faith and tradition of completeness only leads to unrest and schisms , rending the seamless robe of Christ. Yes Lord repented of all those who seek glory from men, and not the glory of God - his earthly being, and not the sacrificial service of the Church of Christ.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
With a greeting on behalf of the Soviet government and on behalf of the Council for Religious Affairs made its chairman Yuri Hristoradnov. Then the presiding Metropolitan Filaret read a report and proposed Cathedral for voting and adoption of the agenda, rules and procedure for the election, which projects just before distributed to delegates, as well as the Bureau, the Secretariat, credentials, editorial and counting commissions.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
The report of the patriarchal locum tenens has been said about the need for early entry to the management of the new Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church to address the pressing problems was presented the activities of the late Patriarch Pimen, mentioned about the last celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia, the glorification of St. John of Kronstadt, the changes occurred after the local council of 1988.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
He paid special attention the situation of the Church in the western regions of Ukraine, where the world has been broken actions Uniates and "splitters - autocephalists" and condemns the decision of the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of their institution (parallel ROC) church structures in the USSR.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
The most important act of the first day of meetings, he was elected Patriarch. Local Council approved the procedure for electing the proposed Council of Bishops:


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
In addition to the three candidates from the Council of Bishops at the Local Council have been proposed as candidates names metropolitans Krutitsa Juvenal, Minsk Filaret, Pitirim of Volokolamsk, Stavropol Gideon ( Dokukina ) and Surozh Anthony. Candidacy Metropolitan Anthony presided over the council, Metropolitan Filaret ( Denisenko ) led by recalling that the statute does not allow election Patriarch person without a Soviet citizenship . When the members of the Council suggested that the paragraph of the Charter, it was explained that the newly adopted voting agenda is no such item . [


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
9] By open ballot for four additional proposed candidates revealed that Metropolitan Gideon supported at least 12 people, so the lists were made by secret ballot the names of only three metropolitans. Out of 316 voters supported the Metropolitan Pitirim 128 Cathedral Folk, Metropolitan Filaret - 117 and Metropolitan Juvenal - 106.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
Became a question as to whether this half of all voters ( 316/2 = 158, and then none of the three did not pass ) or on the number of valid ballots (215 /2 = 107.5, and then to three candidates from the Council of Bishops added two more Metropolitan ) . This nuance was not taken into account, however, the presiding Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev announced that none of the additional nominees did not get half the support members of the Council . [ 9] Thus, in the list in order to vote were three candidates nominated by the Council of Bishops . [ 5]


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
Archbishop Maxim Mogilevsky suggested not to vote for candidates, and the example of the Local Council in 1917 to elect a Patriarch lot. Chairman supported the proposal, but it is met with no sympathy from the Cathedral Folk, was not accepted. Member of the Cathedral, Archbishop Kyril ( later Metropolitan and Patriarch ) in an interview explained the reason for this choice : "Control of power [ in Soviet times ] was hard and, of course , at the time it was unthinkable that the patriarch is elected by secret ...


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
And in 1988 and began a change with changes began sweeping . And at this moment turning in any case could not draw lots . Because it was necessary to the whole council identified himself with this choice. And to His Holiness Patriarch knew conscious support of the church. And it gives a huge primate authority".


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
In the evening, Chairman of the Counting Commission, Metropolitan Anthony of Sourozh announced the results of the secret ballot: 139 votes were cast for the Metropolitan Alexy of Leningrad and Novgorod, 107 for the Metropolitan of Rostov and Novocherkassk Vladimir and 66 for the Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev and Galich.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
At ten o'clock in the evening opened last meeting . In the second round for the Metropolitan Alexy 166 votes, followed by Metropolitan Vladimir - 143 members of the Council, 8 ballots were invalid . At 22 hours 20 minutes, the bell of the Trinity- Sergius Lavra announced the election of Patriarch of All Russia fifteenth.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
After the announcement of the final election results, the newly elected patriarch responded to a question addressed to him by the Chairman of the Council laid rank the words "Election I sanctified by the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church , Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, with thanksgiving object and say unto the least contrary." Cathedral then made the act of electing the Patriarch and the cathedral letter, addressed to him . Under that document and others have signed all of the bishops - the members of the Local Council .


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
At the end of the evening session senior by consecration Archbishop Orenburg Russian Church Archbishop Leontius asked the newly elected Patriarch Alexy with compliments: "Force of unity of the Holy Spirit the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church elected to the throne of widowhood Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, your holiness , fifteenth lamp All-Russian Patriarch throne. Rejoice and rejoice and wholeheartedly and sincerely welcome Your Holiness . Patriarchate of Your Holiness blessed be the Russian Orthodox Church and the salvation of your Shrines." In reply, Patriarch Alexy II thanked all members of the Local Council for the election and congratulations and said:


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
I am aware of the difficulty and exploit the upcoming service. My life, which is dedicated to serving the youth of the Church of Christ, is coming to the evening, but consecrated Cathedral imposes on me feat primatial ministry. I accept this election, but in the first minute and ask Eminence archpastors, honest clergy and all God-loving flock country-wide with their prayers, their help to help me and strengthen me in the upcoming service. Raises a lot of questions today to the Church and to society and to each of us.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
And their solution is needed conciliar mind, you need a joint decision and discuss them and the Council of Bishops, and the Local Council, according to the adopted by our Church in the 1988 statute. Conciliar principle should apply to the diocesan, and parish life, only then we will solve the issues facing the Church and to society. Activities church today is expanding. From the Church, from each of its minister, leader of the church are expected mercy and charity, and education for the different age groups of our believers. We should serve reconciling force unifying force and when our lives often accompany separation. We must do everything to strengthen the unity of the Holy Orthodox Church. I am aware of my weakness and I trust in your holy prayers and help in my upcoming ministry.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 7
Until almost midnight approached members of the Local Council to elected Patriarch, bringing their congratulations. The first day ended with the singing of the Cathedral thanksgiving. The first rose and other issues which had detailed discussion on the second day.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 8
June 8 meeting was opened by the new chairman of the Cathedral Metropolitan Alexy was elected Patriarch. At 12:00 a report on the canonization of Archpriest John of Kronstadt by the chairman of the Synodal Commission for Saints Metropolitan Juvenal Krutitsy and Kolomna. Thereon Council published an act of glorification of John of Kronstadt.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 8
Projects conciliar definitions and messages, topical issues of church life (the legal status of the Church, the Church's unity and division in Ukraine, relations with the Orthodox Church) were the subject of lengthy discussions. All performances of the second day anyway concerned themes of unity of the Church. [ 9] Unusually acute bore performance Archbishop Herman Berlin (Timofeyev), devoted mostly relations of Church and State in the historical as well as in legal terms, and the draft law on freedom of conscience, obublikovannogo June 5.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 8
Legislators appropriated the right to substitute their own notions of the faithful representation of his Church, for example, want to spend hard substitution inherent hierarchical structure of the Church Congregational monolithic her device. This they interfere in the internal life of the church, intentionally want it to distort and this distortion legislate. In conclusion, Archbishop Herman spoke about the persecution suffered by the Church in the Soviet era, and raised the question of the canonization of the New Martyrs. After the speech of Herman Lords heard first at the Council applause.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 8
new draft legislation expressed Archbishops Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad, Yaroslavl and Rostov Plato and secondary - Berlin and Leipzig German. [ 9]. At the end of the day Cathedral voted for the main theses appeal to the Supreme Council and the Council of Ministers, with the three main wishes of the legislator: the recognition of the legal rights for the Church as a whole, not just for its communities, providing the right to teach religious subjects in schools (optional), the recognition Church for ownership of church buildings and other property, which at that time only rented.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 8
Much attention has been paid to the relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church. The first time this issue has raised June 7, one delegate laymen offered to meet three requirements of the Russian Orthodox Church - the canonization of martyrs and confessors of the Cathedral of Russian condemnation declaration of Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) from 1927; rejection of ecumenism. Relations with the ROCOR Metropolitans were devoted to presentations Krutitsa Juvenal, Vienna Irenaeus (Zuzemilya), Archbishops Kirill of Smolensk, Saratov Pimen (Khmelevskiy), Yaroslavl Plato, Archpriest Basil Stoyanova priest Vitaly Shastina, Hieromonk Hilarion (Alfeyev) and others.


1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, Meeting, June 8
General condemnation caused by the decision of the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church on May 16 on the establishment of parishes and their hierarchy in the territory of the Russian Orthodox Church. Participants Council qualified the decision as directed by sowing confusion and a new division, and stressed that it will encourage the emergence of conflicts such as Suzdal, where Archimandrite Valentin (Rusantsov), which entered into conflict with the canonical bishop, announced its move into the jurisdiction of the ROCA. Archbishop Plato suggested to address a pastoral word to all Orthodox Russian people in a jurisdiction "Karlovci Church" to "somehow enlighten them." In conclusion made by Archbishop Kirill of Smolensk.


1990 Lombard regional election
The Lombard regional election of 1990 took place on 6 and 7 May 1990. The 5th term of the Regional Council was chosen.


1990 Lombard regional election, Electoral law
Election was held under proportional representation with provincial constituencies where the largest remainder method with a Droop quota was used. To ensure more proportionality, remained votes and seats were transferred at regional level and calculated at-large.


1990 Lombard regional election, Results
The Christian Democracy party, which had been the leading political force in the region for twenty years, and the Communist Party lost half million votes each while the Lombard League, a new autonomist party led by Umberto Bossi, obtained a sounding victory, entering the Regional Council with 15 councillors, along with one for the Lombard Alliance, and becoming the second largest party in the region. Since that point the Lombard League became a stable political force in Lombardy.


1990 Lombard regional election, Results
After the election a cabinet led by the incumbent president Giuseppe Giovenzana was formed but, after the Tangentopoli crisis, it was replaced by a succession of governments which included both Lombard League and the former communist PDS.


1990 London Marathon
The 1990 London Marathon was the 10th running of the annual marathon race in London, United Kingdom, which took place on Sunday, 22 April. The elite men's race was won by home athlete Allister Hutton in a time of 2:10:10 hours and the women's race was won by Poland's Wanda Panfil in 2:26:31.


1990 London Marathon
In the wheelchair races, Sweden's Håkan Ericsson (1:57:12) and Denmark's Connie Hansen (2:10:25) set course records in the men's and women's divisions, respectively. This was the first time that the winning time in the women's wheelchair race surpassed that of the women's able-bodied race.


1990 London Marathon
Around 73,000 people applied to enter the race, of which 34,882 had their applications accepted and around 26,500 started the race. A total of 25,013 runners finished the race.


1990 London Masters
The 1990 Continental Airlines London Masters was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from October 1989 to May 1990 at the Café Royal in London, England.


1990 London Masters
Stephen Hendry won the tournament beating John Parrott 4–2 in the final for the second consecutive year.


1990 London local elections
Local government elections took place in London, and some other parts of the United Kingdom on Thursday 3 May 1990.


1990 London local elections
All London borough council seats were up for election. The previous Borough elections in London were in 1986.


1990 London local elections
The elections saw a poor result for the recently formed Liberal Democrats, with the party losing 10% of its vote and 20 council seats. This decline was accompanied by success for the Conservatives, who gained 46 councillors and 1 council, while Labour lost 32 council seats and 1 council. The Green Party, fresh from winning 15% of the vote in the European elections one year previously, achieved a record vote share of 6% but elected no councillors. The party would not exceed this result again until 2006.


1990 London summit
The 1990 London summit was the 10th NATO summit since 1949. The ones before had been in November 1985, March 1988 and May 1989.


1990 London summit
It was held in London on 5–6 July 1990. The principal outcome of the summit was the London Declaration on a Transformed North Atlantic Alliance.


1990 London summit
The declaration, shaped in the midst of a changing Europe (→ Revolutions of 1989), called for substantial changes in the organisation to ensure it could adapt to a rapidly evolving political landscape. Additionally, the declaration called for reductions in short-range nuclear capabilities, and re-focusing its long-term strategic plans with associated changes to the structure and quantity of its military.


1990 London summit
The declaration reinforced a message given days earlier stating that NATO no longer saw the Warsaw Pact countries as enemies, and opening up channels for communication and aid with the former eastern bloc states. NATO extended a "hand of friendship" to eastern European nations.


1990 London summit
One year later, on 20 December 1991, NATO and former members of the Warsaw Pact formed the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC), now called the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.


1990 London summit, Other
The Paris Charter was adopted by a summit meeting of most European governments in addition to those of Canada, the United States and the Soviet Union, in Paris from 19 to 21 November 1990. The charter was established on the foundation of the Helsinki Accords, and was further amended in the 1999 Charter for European Security. Together, these documents form the agreed basis for the OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe).


1990 London summit, Other
On 1 July 1991, the Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague. At a summit later that same month, Mikhail Gorbachev and US President Bush declared a US–Soviet strategic partnership, decisively marking the end of the Cold War.


1990 Long Beach State 49ers football team
The 1990 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented California State University, Long Beach during the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1990 Long Beach State 49ers football team
Cal State Long Beach competed in the Big West Conference. The team was led by ex-NFL head coach George Allen, and played home games at Veterans Stadium on the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. The 49ers offense scored 249 points while the defense allowed 331 points.


1990 Long Beach State 49ers football team
Allen died shortly after the end of the 1990 season and was inducted posthumously into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002.


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 101st for the franchise in Major League Baseball, and their 33rd season in Los Angeles, California.


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The Dodgers finished in second place to the Cincinnati Reds in the 1990 National League Western Division race, as the teams pitching staff led the majors with 29 complete games. Ramón Martínez became the youngest Dodger starter to win 20 games since Ralph Branca and also tied Sandy Koufax's club record with 18 strikeouts against the Atlanta Braves on June 4. On June 29, Fernando Valenzuela managed to throw a no hitter against the St. Louis Cardinals, the same night that Dave Stewart threw a no hitter against the Toronto Blue Jays as well.


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note; G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched, W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note; G = Games pitched, IP = Innings pitched: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
The Dodgers drafted 63 players in this draft. Of those, seven of them would eventually play Major League baseball. The Dodgers lost their second round pick to the Montreal Expos because they had signed free agent Hubie Brooks but they gained two supplemental second round picks as compensation for losing Dave Anderson and John Tudor. They also lost their third round pick to the Pittsburgh Pirates because they had signed pitcher Jim Gott.


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
The first round pick was left-handed pitcher Ronnie Walden out of Blanchard High School in Blanchard, Oklahoma. Serious arm injuries derailed his career and he only pitched in seven games in the Dodgers farm system, three in 1990 and four in 1993 when he attempted a comeback. He retired for good in 1994 with his arm so bad he would never be able to even play catch with his kids.


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
This years draft class was a disappointment as neither second round pick got out of "A" ball. Mike Busch, the fourth round pick, made the Majors, appearing in 51 games in 1995 and 1996 as a third baseman for the Dodgers but his decision to be a replacement player during the 1994–95 strike made it hard for him to catch on. He played in Korea and later played and managed in the independent Northern League.


1990 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
Busch was the only one of the Dodgers first 13 draft picks to advance past class A. Pitcher Todd Williams, who was selected in the 54th round, was the only Major Leaguer that signed from this draft class to have a length career as he had a 12-14 record in 227 games over parts of eight seasons.


1990 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
The 16th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards were announced on 16 December 1990 and given on 16 January 1991.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season
The 1990 Los Angeles Raiders season was the franchise's 31st season overall, and the franchise's 21st season in the National Football League. Led by Coach of the Year Art Shell, the club appeared in its first AFC Championship Game since the 1983 season, but lost a lopsided affair to the Buffalo Bills, 3–51.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1
On opening day the Raiders achieved an important victory but they did not score an offensive touchdown. At halftime the Broncos led Los Angeles 6–0. During the third quarter, Denver quarterback John Elway was intercepted by Raider lineback Jerry Robinson and the veteran returned the ball to the endzone for a touchdown. Later, cornerback Terry McDaniel scored the first touchdown of his career on a 42-yard fumble return. Leading 14–6 the Raiders defense held firm and only surrendered a third field goal to Denver.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 2
The Raiders won their second straight game to start the 1990 season with a 2–0 record. A defensive struggle ensued between the two teams and by the end of the third quarter the Seahawks led 10–3. Raiders starting quarterback Jay Schroeder tied the game with a 12-yard scoring strike to wide receiver Mervyn Fernandez. Seattle regained the lead a few moments later on a 19-yard field goal. With time running short the Raiders drove downfield and scored on a 1-yard run by reserve running back Greg Bell to earn the victory.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 3
The Raider defense combined for six sacks to beat Pittsburgh. The Steelers took a 3–0 lead but the Raiders scored 20 straight points to rout Pittsburgh.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4
Marcus Allen scored the first points of the game, a 1-yard touchdown run, and the Raiders never looked back. Another Allen touchdown and a short fumble return for a touchdown by Greg Townsend rounded out the scoring. Willie Gault beat up his former team with 103 yards receiving on just 4 receptions.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7
The Raiders rewarded Bo Jackson's return from professional baseball by giving him the ball 12 times for 53 yards and 2 touchdowns. On defense, the Raiders recorded two sacks and held the Chargers to just three field goals.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 9
The Raiders scored the only touchdown of the game but the Chiefs outscored and outrushed the Raiders to hand the Raiders their second loss of the season.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10
The Packers overcame 8 sacks by the Raiders to force four Raider turnovers and bask in the glory of 10 Raiders penalties.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 11
On Monday Night Football both Marcus Allen and Bo Jackson rushed for 79 yards and 99 yards respectively to beat Miami and rebound for consecutive losses to Kansas City and Green Bay. Marcus Allen scored the only Raider touchdown of the game.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12
The Raiders lost their fourth game of the 1990 season and their third defeat in four weeks. Marcus Allen scored three times and both Allen and Jackson combined for over 100 yards rushing but it was not enough. Chiefs quarterback Steve DeBerg threw three touchdown passes and the Chiefs defense combined for five sacks to earn a season sweep of Los Angeles.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13
Bo Jackson had been fairly quiet all season until a dose of Denver defense cured him of any of his struggles. During the third quarter and with the Raiders leading 14–13, Bo Jackson broke several tackles during a 62-yard touchdown run. The score was Jackson's second touchdown of the afternoon and the former Auburn star rushed 13 times for 117 yards. Receiver Willie Gault helped out with 9 receptions for 99 yards.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 14
For the second time in four weeks the Raiders played on Monday Night Football. The game's biggest prime time stage contained some of the greatest college football players in history. The teams set an NFL record with five combined Heisman Trophy winners taking the field. (For the Raiders it was Marcus Allen, Bo Jackson and Tim Brown. For the Lions it was Barry Sanders and Andre Ware.) The game turned out to be a shootout with Allen, Brown, Jackson and Barry Sanders scoring touchdowns. Sanders rushed for 176 yards on 25 carries and Jackson carried 18 times for 129 yards. The Raiders defense captured four sacks and an interception to earn their ninth win of the season.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 15
During the game Bo Jackson rushed eight times for 117 yards and Tim Brown scored twice. After trailing 7–0 the Raiders scored 24 unanswered points to crush Cincinnati.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 16
Jay Schroeder gave Los Angeles a 14–0 lead after hitting receivers Sam Graddy and Mervyn Fernandez with touchdown passes. The Vikings reentered the game with 10 unanswered points but Schroeder threw two more touchdown passes to Marcus Allen and Ethan Horton to give Los Angeles a 28–10 lead. Future Raider quarterback Rich Gannon replaced Vikings starter and future Raider Wade Wilson and threw two touchdown passes to earn the final points of the contest. The Raiders defense came through again with five sacks and an interception.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 17
The two losses to Kansas City hurt the Raiders here but hopes of a divisional championship were still alive. With a win the Raiders would win the AFC West and the team did not disappoint. Trailing 12–10 in the fourth quarter, the Raiders mounted an important drive and fullback Steve Smith finalized the win with a short touchdown reception from Jay Schroeder.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Divisional
The Raiders recorded 235 rushing yards (with 140 of them coming from running back Marcus Allen), while holding the Bengals to just 182 total yards and sacking Boomer Esiason four times (three by lineman Greg Townsend), but still had to score 10 unanswered points in the fourth quarter to clinch the victory. The Bengals scored first during the second period with kicker Jim Breech's 27-yard field goal. But Los Angeles quarterback Jay Schroeder threw a 13-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Mervyn Fernandez to give the Raiders a 7–3 lead before halftime.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Divisional
Los Angeles kicker Jeff Jaeger made a 49-field goal in the third quarter, but Cincinnati tied the game early in the fourth period with running back Stanford Jennings' 8-yard touchdown reception from Esiason. However, a 41-yard touchdown pass from Schroeder to tight end Ethan Horton and Jaeger's 25-yard field goal clinched the victory.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Divisional
This was Raiders running back Bo Jackson's final NFL game, having injured his left hip during the third quarter while being tackled from behind by Bengals linebacker Kevin Walker. The injury was later revealed to have caused a degenerative bone condition in Jackson's hip called avascular necrosis. Before being knocked out of the game, he rushed 6 times for 77 yards.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Divisional
Some Bengals fans theorize that this injury to one of the greatest athletes ever placed a curse on the Bengals franchise (sometimes called "the curse of Bo Jackson"), and that this curse is partially responsible for the Bengals' notorious failure to field a competitive football team for most of the next decade and half, and the Bengals have not won a playoff game since.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Divisional
This game is also notable for being Marcus Allen's last 100-plus yard rushing performance with the Raiders, as well as the last postseason game the Bengals would play in until the 2005 season.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Conference Championship
Raiders head coach Art Shell became the first African-American coach to take his team to a conference championship game, but the results were not in his favor.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Conference Championship
The Bills shredded the Raiders, limiting quarterback Jay Schroeder to 13 of 31 completions for 150 yards and intercepting him 5 times, while also holding running back Marcus Allen to just 26 yards on 10 carries. On offense, the Bills amassed 502 total yards, including 202 yards on the ground. Running back Thurman Thomas rushed for 138 and a touchdown while also catching 5 passes for 61 yards, while running back Kenneth Davis tied an AFC playoff record with 3 rushing touchdowns. Buffalo also set an NFL playoff record by scoring 41 points in the first half.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Conference Championship
Bills quarterback Jim Kelly threw for 300 yards and two touchdown passes to wide receiver James Lofton, who finished the game with 5 receptions for 113 yards. Thomas recorded a 12-yard touchdown run, while Davis scored from 1 yard, 3 yards, and 1 yard out. Linebacker Darryl Talley returned one of his two interceptions 27 yards for a touchdown.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Conference Championship
On Buffalo's opening drive, Kelly completed six consecutive passes, the last one a 13-yard touchdown throw to Lofton after he recovered a fumbled snap in shotgun formation. The Raiders responded with a 41-yard field goal from Jeff Jaeger, but Buffalo stormed back with another touchdown just four plays after the ensuing kickoff, set up by Kelly's 41-yard completion to Lofton. After a punt, Los Angeles defensive back Gary Lewis intercepted a pass from Kelly. But two plays later, Talley intercepted a pass from Schroeder and returned it for a touchdown.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Conference Championship
The Raiders were forced to punt on their next possession, and Buffalo stormed down the field again, scoring with a 1-yard touchdown run by Davis on fourth down and goal. An interception by Nate Odomes set up Davis' second touchdown less than a minute later, and before the half ended, Lofton caught his second touchdown pass to give the Bills a 41–3 first half lead.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Conference Championship
Buffalo increased their lead to 48–3 with Davis' third touchdown on the first play of the fourth quarter. Later on, Scott Norwood closed out the scoring with a 39-yard field goal.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Playoffs, Conference Championship
Buffalo recorded a total of six interceptions, the third highest total ever in a single NFL game. Defensive back Mark Kelso recorded his fourth career postseason interception in the game, a Bills' record.


1990 Los Angeles Raiders season, Awards and records
Art Shell, NFL Coach of the YearBo Jackson, Pro BowlGreg Townsend, Pro BowlMarcus Allen, 13 total touchdowns, 12 rushing and 1 receiving


1990 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1990 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 53rd year with the National Football League and the 45th season in Los Angeles. On November 11, 1990, Marcus Dupree made his NFL debut against the New York Giants. The Rams temporarily playing in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum looked to improve on their 11-5 season from 1989 and make the playoffs for the 3rd straight season and be possible contenders for the Super Bowl.


1990 Los Angeles Rams season
However, the Rams would struggle all season, starting 1–4 before winning 2 of their next 3 games before losing their next 2 games as they dipped to a 3-7 record. After a win over Cleveland, the Rams upset the 49ers 28-17 in San Francisco to improve to 5-7. However, this would be perhaps the only good highlight of the season for the Rams, as after the win, they ended the season on a 4 game losing streak as the Rams finished with a disappointing 5-11 record and missed the playoffs for the first time since 1987.


1990 Lothian Regional Council election
The fourth election to the Lothian Regional Council was held on 3 May 1990 as part of the wider 1990 Scottish regional elections. The result saw Labour strengthening their position on the council.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush
The 1990 Lough Neagh ambush was a gun attack carried out by the Provisional IRA on 10 November 1990 at Castor Bay, near Morrows Point, Lough Neagh, County Armagh, Northern Ireland targeting members of the security forces involved in a waterfowl hunting trip with other two men at the time. An active service unit of the IRA's North Armagh Brigade shot dead a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Inspector, an RUC Reservist, a former Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR)  soldier and one civilian. Some members of the wildfowling party struggled with their attackers, and one of the constables returned fire before being killed.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Background
On 7 September 1990 UDR soldier Colin McCullough was shot dead by the IRA while in the company of his girlfriend at Oxford Island on the shore of Lough Neagh in the same area as the 10 November ambush. On 6 October, in a revenge attack, the "Protestant Action Force" (a cover name for the Ulster Volunteer Force) shot dead Catholic man Denis Carville at the same location, also while sitting in his car with his girlfriend.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Shooting
At 7:30 AM on 10 November 1990, the four men left home for Castor Bay on the shore of Lough Neagh for a wildfowling trip. Their early morning hunting excursions to the Department of the Environment-managed waterworks compound were routine and all of the men lived in the Lurgan and Waringstown areas. It is believed the IRA team were waiting for the group inside the compound and ambushed them shortly following their arrival.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Shooting
The victims were David Murphy, an RUC Special Branch Inspector, Thomas Taylor, a part-time RUC Reservist, Norman Kendall, an electrician and former UDR soldier, and Keith Dowey, an employee with the Department of the Environment water service and father of two young children.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Shooting
According to a 2000 report, the goal of the IRA unit, apparently members of the North Armagh Brigade led by the late Patsy Haughian, was only to abduct and interrogate Murphy about collusion between the RUC and loyalist militants, but things went wrong when Kendall and Dowey arrived to the scene in a car. Dowey, the driver, was shot and killed instantly, but there is evidence that Kendall put up some resistance before being slain. Taylor produced his personal weapon and shot at the assailants, but was cut down by a hail of fire.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Shooting
Murphy struggled and managed to avoid being bundled into the vehicle, but was eventually killed by Haugian. After the hunting party failed to appear at lunch time the alarm was raised; it was initially feared they had been kidnapped but four bodies were accounted for. The gunmen escaped in one of the victim's cars which was found partially burnt out at Brownlow Terrace, Lurgan. The IRA unit then hid in a house on the shores of the lake before returning to Lurgan the morning after.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Aftermath
The attack was widely condemned by politicians in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Unionist politicians called for tougher security measures; local Ulster Unionist MP David Trimble criticised Secretary of State Peter Brooke for ruling out the introduction of internment without trial in response to the incident and other killings in the preceding weeks and linked the attack to a landmark speech given by Brooke the previous day signalling to the Provisional IRA and Sinn Féin that Britain had no "selfish strategic or economic interest" in Northern Ireland.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Aftermath
RUC Chief Constable Hugh Annesley visited the scene of the shootings and described the attack as "repulsive, futile and cowardly murder" and said "it is important to say yet again that the terrorists have no mandate from either Protestant or Catholic, north or south of the Irish border for such atrocities."


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Aftermath
Social Democratic and Labour Party representative Bríd Rodgers categorised the killings as part of an ongoing cycle of so-called "tit-for-tat" murders and urged anyone with information to contact the police. A message was read at Mass in Lurgan following the attack from the Bishop of Dromore and local priests warning Catholics to take precautions for their safety because of the risk of revenge attacks by Loyalists.


1990 Lough Neagh ambush, Aftermath
The alleged leader of the IRA squad, Patsy Haughian, died of cancer at age 38 in October 2000. He was never formally accused of the killings.


1990 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 1990 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana Tech University as an independent during the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third year under head coach Joe Raymond Peace, the team compiled an 8–3–1 record and tied Maryland in the Independence Bowl.


1990 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1990 Louisville Cardinals football team represented the University of Louisville in the 1990 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team played their home games in Cardinal Stadium and were Fiesta Bowl champions.


1990 Louisville Cardinals football team, Schedule and results, vs. Alabama (Fiesta Bowl)
Browning Nagle threw for a Fiesta Bowl record 451 yards and 3 touchdowns as the Cardinals routed the Crimson Tide, 34–7.


1990 Lower Saxony state election
The 1990 Lower Saxony state election was held on 13 May 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Landtag of Lower Saxony. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Ernst Albrecht was defeated. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) subsequently formed a coalition with The Greens, and SPD leader Gerhard Schröder was elected Minister-President.


1990 Lower Saxony state election, Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the 11th Landtag of Lower Saxony.


1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open
The 1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin, West Germany that was part of the Tier I category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and was held from 14 May until 20 May 1990. Second-seeded Monica Seles won the singles title, snapping world no.1 Steffi Graf's 66-match winning streak in the final (2nd in WTA history behind Martina Navratilova's 74-match winning streak).


1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open, Finals, Doubles
Nicole Provis /  Elna Reinach defeated  Hana Mandlíková /  Jana Novotná 6–2, 6–1


1990 Luzon earthquake
The 1990 Luzon earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines at 4:26 p.m. on July 16 (PDT) or 3:26 p.m. (PST) with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) and produced a 125 km-long ground rupture that stretched from Dingalan, Aurora to Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya. The event was a result of strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault within the Philippine Fault System. The earthquake's epicenter was near the town of Rizal, Nueva Ecija, northeast of Cabanatuan City. An estimated 1,621 people were killed, most of the fatalities located in Central Luzon and the Cordillera region.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact
The earthquake caused damage within an area of about 20,000 square kilometers, stretching from the mountains of the Cordillera Administrative Region and through the Central Luzon region. The earthquake was strongly felt in Metropolitan Manila, destroying many buildings and leading to panic and stampedes and ultimately three deaths in the National Capital Region, one of the lowest fatalities recorded in the wake of the tremor. The ceiling of a movie theater in Pasay reportedly collapsed pinning a number of moviegoers. The Southern Tagalog (nowadays Regions 4A and 4B) and Bicol Regions also felt the quake, but with low casualty figures.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact
President Cory Aquino, who was having a meeting with Senate leaders at Malacañang Palace in Manila, recounted that she hid under a long conference table during the earthquake. She later ordered the suspension of classes and the mobilization of relief agencies.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Baguio City
The popular destination of Baguio, situated over 5000 feet above sea level, was among the areas hardest hit by the Luzon earthquake. The earthquake caused 28 collapsed buildings, including hotels, factories, and government and university buildings, as well as many private homes and establishments. The quake destroyed electric, water and communication lines in the city. The main vehicular route to Baguio, Kennon Road, as well as other access routes to the mountain city, were shut down due to landslides and it took three days before enough landslide debris was cleared to allow access by road to the stricken city.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Baguio City
Baguio City was isolated from the rest of the Philippines for the first 48 hours after the quake. Damage at Loakan Airport rendered access to the city by air limited to helicopters. American and Philippine Air Force C-130s evacuated many residents from this airport. Many city residents, as well as patients confined in hospital buildings damaged by the quake, were forced to stay inside tents set up in public places, such as in Burnham Park and in the streets. Looting of department stores in the city was reported. Among the first rescuers to arrive at the devastated city were miners from Benguet Corporation, who focused on rescue efforts at the collapsed Hotel Nevada. Teams sent by the Philippine government and by foreign governments and agencies likewise participated in the rescue and retrieval operations in Baguio City.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Baguio City
One of the more prominent buildings destroyed was the Hyatt Terraces Baguio Hotel, where at least eighty hotel employees and guests were killed, including at least four employees of the state-owned Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation which ran the casino. Three hotel employees, however, were pulled out alive after having been buried under the rubble for nearly two weeks, and after international rescue teams had abandoned the site convinced there were no more survivors.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Baguio City
Luisa Mallorca and Arnel Calabia were extricated from the rubble 11 days after the quake, while hotel cook Pedrito Dy was recovered alive 14 days following the earthquake. All three survived in part by drinking their own urine and in Dy's case, rainwater. At that time, Dy's 14-day ordeal was cited as a world record for entombment underneath rubble.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Baguio City
The United States Agency for International Development was sponsoring a seminar at the Hotel Nevada when the tremor struck, causing the hotel to collapse. 27 of the seminar participants, including one American USAID official, were killed in the quake. Among those who were pulled out alive from the ruins of the hotel was future senatorial candidate Sonia Roco, wife of politician Raul Roco, who was pulled out from the rubble by miners after 36 hours.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Cabanatuan City
In Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, the tallest building in the city, a six-story concrete school building housing the Christian College of the Philippines, collapsed during the earthquake, which occurred during school hours. Around 154 people were killed at the CCP building. Unlike in Baguio City, local and international journalists were able to arrive at Cabanatuan City within hours after the tremor, and media coverage of the quake in its immediate aftermath centered on the collapsed school, where rescue efforts were hampered by the lack of heavy equipment to cut through the steel reinforcement of fallen concrete. Some of the victims who did not die in the collapse were found dead later from dehydration because they were not pulled out in time.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Cabanatuan City
A 20-year-old high school student, Robin Garcia, was later credited with rescuing at least eight students and teachers by twice returning under the rubble to retrieve survivors.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Cabanatuan City
Garcia was killed by an aftershock hours after the quake while trying to rescue more survivors, and he received several posthumous tributes, including medals of honor from the Boy Scouts of the Philippines and President Corazon Aquino's Grieving Heart Award for his heroic effort that brought the world's attention to the quake due to quick media coverage in the city, since most of the buildings were damaged save for the CCP building which was collapsed totally.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Cabanatuan City
In other areas of Nueva Ecija, a school in Guimba collapsed killing three students. In neighboring Nueva Vizcaya, at least 100 motorists and commuters were buried alive in landslides along the Nueva Vizcaya-Isabela Highway.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, Dagupan City
In Dagupan City, about 90 buildings in the city were damaged, and about 20 collapsed. Some structures sustained damage because liquefaction caused buildings to sink as much as 1 metre (39 inches). The earthquake caused a decrease in the elevation of the city and several areas were flooded. The city suffered 64 casualties of which 47 survived and 17 died. Most injuries were sustained during stampedes at a university building and a theater.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Impact, La Union
Five municipalities in La Union were affected: Agoo, Aringay, Caba, Santo Tomas, and Tubao with a combined population of 132,208. Many buildings, including the Agoo Municipal hall, the Museo de Iloko, the parish church of Aringay, and the Basilica Minore of our Lady of Charity, collapsed or were severely damaged. 100,000 families were displaced when two coastal villages sank due to liquefaction. The province suffered many casualties leaving 32 people dead.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Patterns of damage
Based on preliminary analysis, cases and controls were similar in age and sex distribution. Similar proportions of cases and controls were inside buildings (74% and 80%, respectively) and outside buildings (26% and 20%, respectively) during the earthquake. For persons who were inside a building, risk factors included building height, type of building material, and the floor level the person was on. Persons inside buildings with seven or more floors were 35 times more likely to be injured. Persons inside buildings constructed of concrete or mixed materials were three times more likely to sustain injuries than were those inside wooden buildings. Persons at middle levels of multistory buildings were twice as likely to be injured as those at the top or bottom levels.


1990 Luzon earthquake, Patterns of damage
The earthquake caused different patterns of damage in different parts of Luzon Island. The mountain resort of Baguio was most severely affected, it had a high population density and many tall concrete buildings, which were more susceptible to seismic damage. Relief efforts proved difficult as all routes of communication, roads, and airport access were severed for several days following the quake. These efforts were further hampered by daily rainfall. Baguio is home to a large mining company and a military academy; experienced miners and other disciplined volunteers played a crucial role in early rescue efforts.