1991 Australian Film Institute Awards
The 33rd Australian Film Institute Awards (generally known as the AFI Awards) were held in October 1991. Presented by the Australian Film Institute (AFI), the awards celebrated the best in Australian feature film, documentary, short film and television productions of 1991. Proof received the award for Best Feature Film and five other awards. Director Fred Schepisi received the Raymond Longford Award for lifetime achievement. The awards were not televised.


1991 Australian Grand Prix
The 1991 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 November 1991 at the Adelaide Street Circuit. It was the 16th and final race of the 1991 Formula One World Championship. Torrential rain resulted in the race being stopped after just 16 of the scheduled 81 laps had been completed. The official results were declared from the end of the 14th lap, two laps before the race was suspended, in line with regulations. It held the record for being the shortest Formula One World Championship race ever held until the 2021 Belgian Grand Prix, which was stopped on the third lap, with results declared after one lap.


1991 Australian Grand Prix
The race was won by Ayrton Senna, with Nigel Mansell in second position, and Gerhard Berger's third-place finish plus Senna's victory meant that the McLaren team clinched the Constructor's championship. Mansell was unable to take part in the post race podium ceremony, following a crash at the end of the race that left him requiring hospital treatment. Because less than seventy-five percent of the scheduled race distance had been completed, only half the normal World Championship points were awarded. This was also the final Formula One race for three time World Champion Nelson Piquet. It was the 60th pole position for Ayrton Senna. It would also prove to be the final Grand Prix for Satoru Nakajima, Naoki Hattori, Alex Caffi and Emanuele Pirro.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Pre-race
Ferrari terminated Alain Prost's contract with the team following his public criticism of them. His raceseat was taken by Gianni Morbidelli, the Ferrari test driver. After being dropped by the Jordan team two races earlier, Roberto Moreno returned to Formula One to take Morbidelli's place at Minardi. Benetton did not renew Nelson Piquet's contract with the team, and Australia would be his last Formula One race. Bertrand Gachot returned to Formula One after completing his jail sentence in Britain, replacing Éric Bernard at Larrousse, who had been injured at the previous race meeting in Japan. The Coloni team were entered for their final Grand Prix; new owner Andrea Sassetti had confirmed that the team would be reborn as Andrea Moda Formula for the following season. Williams also had a 'B'-spec version of the FW14 present, but elected not to use it in the race.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
The one-hour pre-qualifying session took place in sunny and dry conditions on Thursday afternoon, instead of Friday morning to expand the race meeting to four days. The session resulted in the Brabham and Footwork teams getting their cars through to the main qualifying sessions, with Martin Brundle's Brabham three tenths of a second faster than Alex Caffi's Footwork. Mark Blundell was just four hundredths of a second behind in the other Brabham, with Michele Alboreto's Footwork just 0.002 of a second slower in fourth.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
Gabriele Tarquini narrowly failed to pre-qualify for Fondmetal as his track time was limited after a left rear suspension failure on the exit of turn 11, which turned his car into the wall. It was his first failure to pre-qualify for Fondmetal in three attempts. Slowest was Naoki Hattori in the Coloni, over five seconds away from Brundle's pace. Coloni had failed to pre-qualify for every race in 1991, their last season at the highest level. It also proved to be Hattori's last opportunity at this level.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
The sunshine continued for both the remaining qualifying sessions on the Friday and Saturday. Aguri Suzuki crashed heavily at turn 1 which contributed to his failure to qualify. His new teammate Bertrand Gachot also did not progress through qualifying. Martin Brundle, having finished in the points in the last race and pre-qualified fastest on the Friday, surprisingly struggled and failed to qualify in his last race for Brabham-Yamaha.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Stefano Modena also crashed in qualifying but was unhurt and able to take the race start on Sunday, having already set a time that was sufficient for him to secure a place on the grid. McLaren managed to qualify both their cars on the front row of the grid with Senna in pole position. Nigel Mansell and Riccardo Patrese, in the two Williams-Renault cars, occupied the second row. Benetton occupied the third row with Nelson Piquet out-qualifying Michael Schumacher for the only time in the 1991 season. Gianni Morbidelli qualified in 8th position, only one place behind Jean Alesi in his first race for Ferrari. In his first race for Minardi-Ferrari, Roberto Moreno also managed to qualify 18th fastest.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
In the torrential rain (which had been falling since halfway through the Group A touring car support race earlier in the day), the race started mostly without incident. Riccardo Patrese lost two places at the start and emerged behind Jean Alesi's Ferrari but there were no accidents in the first few laps. However, as the race continued into lap 3 Gerhard Berger, unseen by the television cameras, ran wide which allowed Nigel Mansell to move up to second position, but rejoining in third. Mansell then proceeded to quickly close the gap to Ayrton Senna in first place.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
But by lap 5 the incidents began to occur which would affect Mansell's ability to pass Senna. This was because so many yellow flags were being displayed by the marshals around the extremely wet circuit. On lap six Mansell moved alongside Senna on the Brabham Straight but quickly saw a wave from a marshal, who was leaning out from the barriers, to warn of wreckage ahead. Nicola Larini's Modena-Lamborghini had crashed on the straight and was lying across the track.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Mansell had to abandon his line and rejoin the racing line behind Senna, who had also had to avoid Jean Alesi's stricken Ferrari, which had also crashed yards after Larini on the other side of the road, as did Schumacher's Benetton who also spun off on the side of the road.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Pierluigi Martini's Minardi car aquaplaned on the Brabham Straight on lap 10, which sent his car straight into the right hand wall and rebounded to the other side of the track before eventually stopping out of the drivers' way. This indicated that the rain was beginning to fall even harder, and more torrential than before. On lap 14, Mauricio Gugelmin's Leyton House was involved in a heavy crash trying to pass the Tyrrell of Stefano Modena going through turn 15. He lost control in the right hand turn and hit the inside wall of the pit lane entrance at the turn 16 hairpin with such speed, he became airborne. Two track marshals suffered minor injuries from flying debris.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Riccardo Patrese was struggling with his car because a front wing, from another car, got stuck towards the front of his undertray. This was spotted by James Hunt in the BBC race commentary, although Murray Walker had suggested earlier that it was the undertray that was loose. Mansell then, as a result of the increasing downpour, spun off on the start of lap 16 on the Wakefield Road straight, before turn 3, having "instantly gone out of control" according to Mansell himself. The torrential downpour also made Michele Alboreto spin out of the race on lap 15 as well as Modena, although he continued. Nelson Piquet also spun at the high-speed Stag turn but was able to recover and he continued as well.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Gerhard Berger spun off at the end of lap 16 having just recovered from an earlier spin at the Malthouse Corner moments before. Murray Walker said that the weather was becoming worse and the rain was lashing down on the start/finish line. Just after this happened Senna drove onto the start/finish straight and gestured to the race officials, as he went past, to try to get the race stopped. Moments later, with Senna on lap 17, the race was finally stopped.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
By the end of lap 16 the race order actually was Senna in 1st from Piquet, Morbidelli, de Cesaris, Zanardi and Modena. However, the race officials decided to count back to lap 14 despite the 1991 ruling that early race stoppages should have been counted back one lap. This incident was similar to the controversy of the 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix, where computers finalising the race concluded the result a lap too early.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
There were attempts to restart the race from the officials, who showed their determination to do so by ordering the 10-minute warning board to be displayed to the drivers and teams to indicate a race restart. But after serious protests from Senna and Riccardo Patrese (who stormed up to the race stewards to argue against a restart), the race was finally abandoned for good. Roland Bruynseraede eventually waved the red flag to indicate the stoppage to the spectators, drivers and teams. As a result, Senna was declared the race winner from Mansell and Berger.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
The podium ceremony only had Ayrton Senna and Gerhard Berger present because Nigel Mansell was sent to hospital after the injuries he sustained in his crash on lap 16. When interviewed by Jackie Stewart in the post-race press conference, Senna stated:


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
I don’t think that was a race, it was just a matter of staying on the circuit, and there was no point to try to go quick at all. It was impossible! We had a race, a very bad one, here a couple of years ago and then was impossible [in reference to the 1989 Australian Grand Prix, which was run under identically treacherous wet conditions] and today was even worse! There was even more water on the back straight.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Senna and Berger both revealed at the press conference that they would not have started the race if this race did not determine the Constructor's Championship, as the McLaren and Williams teams both went into this race with a chance of winning the championship. When Stewart asked him if they should start a race if ever faced with those type of wet conditions in the future, Senna's reply was a firm "No, they should not start the race", though he understood the pressure that was on the officials and teams to start. He then added that the officials should not be held solely responsible as the drivers, including himself, chose to get in their cars and start the race so they should be held equally responsible.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Nigel Mansell, after being helped from his Williams-Renault commented that "everything was ok other than it was a complete joke, I mean there was debris all over the place. I've got a headache like there's no tomorrow, so I've probably had a little bit of a concussion". He also made reference to the fact that "there was a truck down the straight" as well as four cars and, as a result, the race should have had 10 laps to be stopped.


1991 Australian Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
With less than seventy-five percent of the race distance being completed, half the usual world championship points were awarded, the first time this had happened in Formula One since the wet 1984 Monaco Grand Prix had been stopped just before half distance. Senna and Berger's result was enough for McLaren to win the 1991 World Constructors Championship by 14 points over Williams. This was McLaren's seventh constructors championship, and their fourth and last championship won with engine partners Honda.


1991 Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The 1991 Australian Individual Speedway Championship was the 1991 version of the Australian Individual Speedway Championship organised by Motorcycling Australia. The final took place on 27 January at the Arunga Park Speedway in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory. Sydney's Craig Boyce won his first Australian championship from defending champion Glenn Doyle with veteran Glyn Taylor third (both from Perth, WA). Boyce was unbeaten on the night to win his first Australian Championship.


1991 Australian Individual Speedway Championship
As of 2013, this is the only time the Australian Solo Championship final has been held in the Northern Territory.


1991 Australian Individual Speedway Championship, State Title Qualification, Victoria
Leigh Adams withdrew from the Australian Final after breaking his wrist in Adelaide on 9 January 1991. As the 3rd placed rider in the Victorian title, four time national champion Phil Crump was seeded to the Australian Final in Adams place.


1991 Australian Individual Speedway Championship, State Title Qualification, Qualifying Round
After a number of high-profile riders had failed to qualify for the Australian final, a special qualifying round was held at Arunga Park the week before the finals. Unfortunately the round was not well attended after it was revealed that only the top five riders would be paid travel money, prompting many (mostly NSW rider Stephen Davies who had placed 2nd and 3rd in the previous two Australian titles) to boycott the event.


1991 Australian Individual Speedway Championship, 1991 Australian Solo Championship
m – exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • t – exclusion for touching the tapes • x – other exclusion • e – retired or mechanical failure • f – fell • ns – non-starter • nc – non-classify


1991 Australian Indoor Championships
The 1991 Australian Indoor Championships, also known by its sponsored name Uncle Toby's Australian Indoor Tennis Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney in Australia and was part of the Championship Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 19th edition of the tournament and was held from 30 September through 7 October 1991. First–ranked Stefan Edberg won the singles title.


1991 Australian Indoor Championships, Finals, Doubles
Jim Grabb /  Richey Reneberg defeated  Luke Jensen /  Laurie Warder 6–4, 6–4


1991 Australian Indoor Championships – Doubles
Broderick Dyke and Peter Lundgren were the defending champions of the doubles event at the Australian Indoor Championships tennis tournament but lost in the quarterfinals to Luke Jensen and Laurie Warder.


1991 Australian Indoor Championships – Doubles
Jim Grabb and Richey Reneberg won in the final 6–4, 6–4 against Jensen and Warder.


1991 Australian Indoor Championships – Doubles, Seeds
All eight seeded teams received byes to the second round.


1991 Australian Indoor Championships – Singles
Boris Becker was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1991 Australian Indoor Championships – Singles
Stefan Edberg won in the final 6–2, 6–2, 6–2 against Brad Gilbert.


1991 Australian Indoor Championships – Singles, Seeds
All sixteen seeds received a bye to the second round.


1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships
The 1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Adelaide, Australia and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held from 31 December 1990 to 7 January 1991.


1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships
Nicklas Kulti won his only title of the year, and the 1st of his career.


1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships, Finals, Doubles
Wayne Ferreira /  Stefan Kruger defeated  Paul Haarhuis /  Mark Koevermans 6–4, 4–6, 6–4


1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships – Doubles
Andrew Castle and Nduka Odizor were the defending champions, but did not participate together this year. Castle partnered Roger Smith, losingin the quarterfinals. Odizor partnered Cyril Suk, losing in the quarterfinals.


1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships – Doubles
Wayne Ferreira and Stefan Kruger won the title, defeating Paul Haarhuis and Mark Koevermans 6–4, 4–6, 6–4 in the final.


1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships – Singles
Thomas Muster was the defending champion of the singles event at the Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships tennis tournament, but did not participate this year.


1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships – Singles
Nicklas Kulti defeated Michael Stich 6–3, 1–6, 6–2 to secure the title.


1991 Australian Open
The 1991 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 79th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 14 through 27 January 1991.


1991 Australian Open, Seniors, Men's Doubles
Scott Davis /  David Pate defeated  Patrick McEnroe /  David Wheaton 6–7(4–7), 7–6(10–8), 6–3, 7–5


1991 Australian Open, Seniors, Women's Doubles
Patty Fendick /  Mary Joe Fernandez defeated  Gigi Fernández /  Jana Novotná 7–6(7–4), 6–1


1991 Australian Open, Seniors, Mixed Doubles
Jo Durie /  Jeremy Bates defeated  Robin White /  Scott Davis 2–6, 6–4, 6–4


1991 Australian Open, Juniors, Boys' Doubles
Grant Doyle /  Joshua Eagle defeated  Jamie Holmes /  Paul Kilderry 7–6, 6–4


1991 Australian Open, Juniors, Girls' Doubles
Karina Habšudová /  Barbara Rittner defeated  Joanne Limmer /  Angie Woolcock 6–2, 6–0


1991 Australian Open – Men's Doubles
Pieter Aldrich and Danie Visser were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Paul Haarhuis and Mark Koevermans. Scott Davis and David Pate won the title, defeating Patrick McEnroe and David Wheaton 6–1, 4–6, 6–4, 5–7, 9–7, in the final. This was Pate's first Grand Slam title and final, despite gaining the World No. 1 ranking two weeks earlier. John Fitzgerald and Anders Järryd lost in the third round to McEnroe and Wheaton. It was their only Grand Slam loss of the year, as they would go on to win the following three majors in 1991.


1991 Australian Open – Men's Singles
Second-seeded Boris Becker defeated two-time defending champion Ivan Lendl in the final, 1–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1991 Australian Open.


1991 Australian Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1991 Australian Open – Men's Singles Qualifying
This article displays the qualifying draw for men's singles at the 1991 Australian Open.


1991 Australian Open – Mixed Doubles
Natasha Zvereva and Jim Pugh were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Pam Shriver and Mark Kratzmann.


1991 Australian Open – Mixed Doubles
Jo Durie and Jeremy Bates won in the final 2–6, 6–4, 6–4 against Robin White and Scott Davis.


1991 Australian Open – Mixed Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1991 Australian Open – Women's Doubles
Patty Fendick and Mary Joe Fernández won their first career Grand Slam title, defeating Gigi Fernández and Jana Novotná 7–6(7–4), 6–1 in the final.


1991 Australian Open – Women's Singles
Second-seeded Monica Seles won the title and defeated Jana Novotná 5–7, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1991 Australian Open. She became the first woman in the Open Era to win the Australian Open after saving a match point (in the semifinals, versus Mary Joe Fernández). Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion, but lost to Novotná in the quarterfinals.


1991 Australian Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Monica Seles is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1991 Australian Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
This article displays the qualifying draw for women's singles at the 1991 Australian Open.


1991 Australian Production Car Championship
The 1991 Australian Production Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of Group 3E Series Production Cars. The title was contested over an eight-round series.


1991 Australian Production Car Championship, Results
Championship points were awarded on a 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the top ten outright places at each round. Points for the Front Wheel Drive Class, in which cars were restricted to engines of under 2000cc capacity, were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the top six class places at each round. Drivers could retain the points from their best seven round results.


1991 Australian Sports Sedan Championship
The 1991 Australian Sports Sedan Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Sports Sedans. It was the 7th Australian Sports Sedan Championship and the first to be awarded since 1981. The championship was won by Greg Crick driving a Honda Prelude Chevrolet.


1991 Australian Sports Sedan Championship, Calendar
The championship was contested over a fourteen round series with one race per round.


1991 Australian Sports Sedan Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first ten places at each round.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship
The 1991 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Group 3A Touring Cars. The title, which was the 32nd Australian Touring Car Championship, was contested over a nine-round series which began on 24 February 1991 at Sandown Raceway and ended on 11 August at Oran Park Raceway, The series was promoted as the Shell Australian Touring Car Championship and was won by Jim Richards driving a Nissan Skyline GT-R.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Teams and drivers
The following teams and drivers competed in the 1991 Australian Touring Car Championship.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
With Australia in the middle of an economic downturn (the "Recession we had to have" according to Federal Treasurer Paul Keating), entry numbers were significantly down on 1990 at almost every round, with only eleven cars appearing at Wanneroo Raceway.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
Notable absentees included Allan Moffat Racing and Toyota Team Australia, while Peter Brock closed his Mobil 1 Racing team (effectively bringing to an end the old Holden Dealer Team which had been around since 1969) and took his Mobil sponsorship to Perkins Engineering, reuniting with his Bathurst 1000 winning co-driver of 1982, 1983 and 1984, Larry Perkins in a pair of new Holden VN Commodore SS Group A SV's.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
Tony Longhurst's Benson & Hedges Racing ditched their powerful but tyre shredding Ford Sierra RS500's and became Australia's factory BMW team, racing two former Schnitzer Motorsport BMW M3 Evolutions which included upgraded front and rear spoilers as well as an increase in engine size from 2.3 to 2.5L for the 4 cyl engine. The 200 cc larger engine in the M3 also saw power for the small car rise from around 300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS) to approximately 340 hp (254 kW; 345 PS).


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
The cars were delivered to the team's Gold Coast base after the Wellington 500 in December 1990, though under the Group A rules as used by CAMS the cars did not have the ABS that they ran in the German DTM series. Team owners Longhurst and Frank Gardner had a previous association with BMW and the M3, Longhurst having raced a M3 for Gardner's factory backed JPS Team BMW in 1987, while the JPS team had used a variety of BMW's between 1981 and 1987.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
With the economic downturn making it unlikely Holden Special Vehicles would be able to sell the required 500 evolution VN Commodore SS Group A SV's to make it eligible for Group A competition (they ended up building only 320), CAMS gave dispensation for the model to race and thus the bigger budget Holden teams (HRT and Brock/Perkins) upgraded. Some of the privateers, notably the Lansvale Smash Repairs team and Terry Finnigan also upgraded to the VN, but most Holden privateers continued to race the previous VL model.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
The VN Commodore had been released back in August 1988, and would be superseded by the VP in October 1991. The Commodore's did get other concessions from CAMS, including losing some 75 kg to bring the minimum weight of the car down to only 1250 kg and the homologation of a 6-speed gearbox in mid-year. The Mobil 1 and Holden Racing Team VN Commodores were producing approximately 520 hp (388 kW; 527 PS).


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
The Gibson Motorsport run Nissan Skyline R32 GT-R's were basically as they had finished 1990. The 4WD, twin-turbo cars nicknamed "Godzilla" were producing approximately 640 hp (477 kW; 649 PS), though CAMS made the cars carry an extra 15 kg to bring them to a total of 1360 kg, the heaviest car on the grid.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Changes
Although the Ford Sierra's had lost numbers with the Brock and Longhurst teams now driving Holden and BMW's respectively, the 4 cyl turbo Ford's were still one of the fastest cars on the grid. The leading Sierra's were producing approximately 540 hp (403 kW; 547 PS), and for 1991 CAMS reduced their minimum weight from 1990's 1185 kg to the cars original (1987) homologated weight of just 1100 kg. Like the Commodore's, the Sierra's would also benefit from a mid-season homologation of a 6-speed gearbox.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Season review
The season was dominated by Nissan Motor Sport. The team's two drivers won seven of the nine rounds between them, with six of those victories being part of 1-2 finishes. Mark Skaife scored more championship points than any other driver, but with each driver having to drop their worst round (if they actually scored points in all nine rounds), Skaife lost ten points from his fourth at Round 8 at Lakeside, giving the title to his teammate and defending champion, Jim Richards who only scored in the first eight rounds after failing to finish the Grand Finale at Oran Park.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Season review
This continued the New Zealand domination of the Championship in the Group A era, with New Zealand drivers having won five of the seven Australian Touring Car Championships held under those regulations (Richards in 1985, 1987, 1990 and 1991 with Robbie Francevic winning in 1986), the only Australian winner being 1988 and 1989 champion Dick Johnson.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Season review
Third place was claimed by Tony Longhurst who won two rounds, at Amaroo Park and Lakeside International Raceway in his Benson & Hedges BMW M3 Evolution. BMW's return with a top line team was underlined by teammate, 1980 Formula One World Drivers' Champion Alan Jones, finishing fourth in the points after finishing the championship strongly with consecutive second placings in the final two rounds. During the series, the BMW, which were the lightest outright cars (which helped their tyre wear and gave a braking advantage), became the only consistent challengers to the GT-Rs.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Season review
1991 also saw the return of Peter Brock to Holden for the first time since 1987.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Season review
After racing BMW's in 1988 followed by two seasons running Andy Rouse sourced Ford Sierras which had seen Brock finish 3rd and 2nd in the championship, Brock teamed with former Holden Dealer Team co-driver/manager Larry Perkins in two Perkins Engineering built Holden VN Commodore SS Group A SV's, and while initially they were off the pace due to the lack of suitable Bridgestone tyres, this was rectified by halfway through the series and Brock in particular became a regular challenger with strong qualifying performances, though the heavy Commodore's still to be hard on tyres in the ATCC's sprint race format.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Season review
Brock finished 6th in the championship while Perkins finished in 11th place. In a 2014 interview with Australian Muscle Car magazine, Perkins would claim that part of the contract with Brock and his main sponsor Mobil stated that in championship races, he was not allowed to finish ahead of Brock unless it was unavoidable.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Season review
Brock and Perkins were joined in the fight for Holden by Holden Racing Team manager Win Percy who also had a strong season in his VN Commodore. Percy's 4th place at Amaroo Park was the best finish for a Commodore through the series and he surprised everyone when he qualified second in rounds 2 and 3 at Symmons Plains and Wanneroo. Percy finished the series in 8th place, one place ahead of five time ATCC champion Dick Johnson who endured a miserable series in his Sierra, his best finish being 4th in the opening round at Sandown Raceway.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Results and standings, Race calendar
The 1991 Australian Touring Car Championship was contested over a nine-round series with one race per round. Each round was of approximately 50 minutes duration.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Results and standings, Drivers Championship
Championship points were awarded on a 20–15–12–10–8–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the top ten positions at each round. Each driver was required to drop any points earned from the worst round result.


1991 Australian Touring Car Championship, Results and standings, Drivers Championship
Positions shown within brackets are those for which drivers were awarded points that were not counted towards championship totals.


1991 Australian Touring Car season
The 1991 Australian Touring Car season was the 32nd year of touring car racing in Australia since the first runnings of the Australian Touring Car Championship and the fore-runner of the present day Bathurst 1000, the Armstrong 500.


1991 Australian Touring Car season
There were 12 touring car race meetings held during 1991; a nine-round series, the 1991 Australian Touring Car Championship (ATCC); a support programme event at the 1991 Australian Grand Prix and two long distance races, nicknamed 'enduros' which made up the 1991 Australian Endurance Championship.


1991 Australian Touring Car season, Season review
1991 was the low point for Group A touring car racing in Australia as grid numbers plunged in a harsh economic climate. Just eleven cars entered the Wanneroo round of the ATCC and just fifteen started the once prestigious Sandown 500.


1991 Australian Touring Car season, Season review
On track the Touring Car Championship was dominated by the Gibson Motorsport prepared Nissan Skyline GT-Rs of Jim Richards and Mark Skaife. Tony Longhursts new 2.5 litre evolution spec BMW M3 was the only car to interrupt the clean sweep. A final round DNF for Richards was not enough to take the title away, despite Skaife scoring more points over the course of the season. With only the best eight results counting Richards won the championship by five points.


1991 Australian Touring Car season, Season review
Gibson Motor Sport did not appear at the Sandown 500, but Nissan still won through the Bob Forbes Racing car (built by Gibson) driven by Mark Gibbs and Formula Holden ace Rohan Onslow. Richards and Skaife then swept all before them at the 1991 Tooheys 1000, establishing a race record that stood until 2010. Third placing at Bathurst gave the Australian Endurance Championship to Gibbs and Onslow.


1991 Australian Touring Car season, Season review
1991 also saw Peter Brock return to driving a Holden VN Commodore after a single season driving a BMW M3 (1988) and a Ford Sierra RS500 in 1989 and 1990. Brock's Mobil 1 Racing joined forces with Perkins Engineering run by his former Bathurst 1000 co-winner Larry Perkins to run a pair of the new Group A VN Commodore's.


1991 Australian Touring Car season, Results and standings, Race calendar
The 1991 Australian touring car season consisted of 12 events.


1991 Australian Touring Car season, Results and standings, Hush Puppies Olympic Group A Challenge
This meeting was a support event of the 1991 Australian Grand Prix.


1991 Australian Under-16 Individual Speedway Championship
The 1991 Australian Under-16 Individual Speedway Championship was the tenth running of the Australian Under-16 Speedway Championship organised by Motorcycling Australia for bikes with 125cc engines. The final took place on 12 January 1991 at the 112 metres (122 yards) Sidewinders Speedway in Adelaide, South Australia.


1991 Australian Under-16 Individual Speedway Championship
Local Adelaide based riders dominated the meeting filling eight of the top ten places. 1990 Australian Championship runner-up Ryan Sullivan took out his first Australian Championship with an unbeaten 15 point maximum to lead home Ashley Watson and Brett Woodifield who won a four-way runoff for third place over Troy Wyten, Ford Keane and Victorian Jason Stewart. Sullivan turned 16 a week after the championship and graduated into the senior ranks.


1991 Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship
The 1991 Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship was the 5th running of the Australian Under-21 Individual Speedway Championship organised by Motorcycling Australia. The final took place on 6 January 1991 at the Olympic Park Speedway in Mildura, Victoria. The championship was won by Mildura's own Leigh Adams who won the third of his four national Under-21 championships. Shane Parker from Adelaide was second with another Mildura rider Jason Lyons in third place. Parker defeated Lyons in a run-off for the minor placings after both finished the meeting on 13 points. Former South Australian champion Scott Norman defeated Dave Hamnett from New South Wales in a run-off for fourth place after both finished the meeting on 11 points.


1991 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1991 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1991 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. The race took place on the weekend of 5–7 April 1991 at Eastern Creek Raceway in Sydney, New South Wales. It was the first of six times the Australian motorcycle Grand Prix would be held at Eastern Creek before moving permanently back to Phillip Island in 1997.


1991 Austrian Tennis Grand Prix
The 1991 Austrian Tennis Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Intersport Arena in Linz, Austria that was part of Tier V of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 11 February through 17 February 1991. First-seeded Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money as well as 110 ranking points.


1991 Austrian Tennis Grand Prix, Finals, Doubles
Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière /  Raffaella Reggi defeated  Petra Langrová /  Radka Zrubáková 6–4, 1–6, 6-3


1991 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1991 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix was the seventh round of the 1991 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 7–9 June 1991 at the Salzburgring.


1991 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Mick Doohan dominates qualifying with more than a second under Kevin Schwantz in 2nd place.


1991 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
At the start, Wayne Rainey gets the first turn from Wayne Gardner, Doohan and John Kocinski. Doohan gets past Gardner and he and Rainey start forming a gap at the front. Kocinski starts putting pressure on Gardner.


1991 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Doohan takes the lead, with Rainey doing everything he can to stay in contact. Schwantz starts moving through the field. It ends in that order.


1991 Austrian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Schwantz complains that with two laps to go, Gardner almost pushed him into a barrier, and there are heated words after the race.


1991 Azad Kashmiri general election
General elections were held in Azad Kashmir in 1991 to elect the members of fifth assembly of Azad Kashmir.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
The 1991 Azerbaijan MI-8 helicopter shootdown occurred on November 20, 1991, when an Azerbaijani MI-8 military helicopter, carrying a peacekeeping mission team consisting of 13 Azerbaijani government officials, 2 Russian and 1 Kazakhstani Ministry of Internal Affairs officials, 3 Azerbaijani journalists and 3 helicopter crew was shot down amidst heavy fighting near the village of Berdashen, also known as Karakend, in Nagorno-Karabakh. All 22 people (19 passengers and 3 crew) on board were killed in the crash.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Background
In accordance with the Zheleznovodsk communique initiated by Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev in the Russian city of Zheleznovodsk for the peaceful resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and their subsequent shuttle diplomacy visit to the region in September 1991, officials from Russia and Kazakhstan were placed in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) for an observation mission.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Background
On the eve of the crash, the Armenian side ceased the peace talks with Azerbaijan until Azerbaijan re-opened the natural gas supply to Armenia, which it had cut off on November 4. The team of observers along with representatives of Azerbaijani government were to fly from Agdam to Martuni due to rising tension in the district.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Shootdown
The helicopter MI-8 with the observation team departed from Agdam with 22 people on board and was shot down en route with a group of ZSU-23-4 Shilka and SA-6 missiles, killing everyone on board. The attack on the helicopter disrupted the ongoing peace talks.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Shootdown
Various conspiracy theories about the incident have since been in circulation, and are promoted by various political figures in Azerbaijan, who claim that the shootdown was a political assassination. Despite an absence of official investigation evidence, such theories are considered credible by a significant part of the Azerbaijani population.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Investigation
Initial reports by central state agency TASS claimed the helicopter flew into fog and crashed into a hill. On November 21, the chairman of the crash investigation committee announced over TV that the helicopter was shot at by large caliber weapons and the weapons and video equipment were stolen from the site of the incident. At 6:30 PM, the same day, the deputy Chief of Command of Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs of USSR, Vyacheslav Ponomarev left for Agdam.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Investigation
The Interior Ministry officials declared they would not withdraw the internal troop detachments from the district due to escalation of the conflict. The investigation committee was also to determine where the victims would be buried. However, because the area of the crash was soon captured by Armenian militants, the investigation was suspended and no one was indicted.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Investigation
The investigation was initiated for clarifying the reasons for the crash. The first version was transferred by TASS referring to the commander's special area of NKAO: helicopter exploded, sprung upon a rock in the fog. However, an investigation found holes in the fuselage consistent with the explosion of a rocket. Investigation Commission Chairman Adil Agayev said that the helicopter was shot down from the ground by a large-caliber weapon, video equipment and weapons from the crash site were removed. Armenians denied any involvement, although they were blamed immediately for the incident.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Investigation
In response to Agayev the deputies of the USSR from Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh Zori Balayan, Victor Hambardzumyan, Henrik Igityan, Sos Sargsyan accused Central television of bias and hinted at the uninvolvement of Armenians in the crash. According to American researcher Michael P. Croissant, it appeared to be an Armenian rocket attack.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Aftermath
After the public burial of the Azerbaijani victims in Baku on November 22, demonstrations began. The protestors demanded the Supreme Soviet and the chairman of Communist Party of Azerbaijan, Ayaz Mutalibov, to establish authority in Karabakh or resign from office.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Aftermath
As a result, the Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet called a special session on November 26 requesting the imposition of martial law in the republic, withdrawing cadets and officers of Azerbaijani ethnicity from the Soviet Army and ceasing all negotiations with Armenia.


1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown, Aftermath
On November 27, the Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet voted in favour of abolishing the autonomous status of NKAO and established direct rule over it. It also officially changed the name of Stepanakert to its pre-Soviet name, Khankendi, and re-arranged administrative division of the rayons in Nagorno-Karabakh area.


1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in Azerbaijan on 29 December 1991, three days after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The result was 99.8% in favour, with turnout reported to be 95.3%.


1991 Azerbaijani presidential election
Presidential elections were held for the first time in Azerbaijan on 8 September 1991. The only candidate was Ayaz Mutalibov of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, who won with 98.5% of the vote, with turnout reported to be 85.7%.


1991 BA
1991 BA is a sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as near-Earth object of the Apollo group that was first observed by Spacewatch on 18 January 1991, and passed within 160,000 km (100,000 mi) of Earth. This is a little less than half the distance to the Moon. With a 5-hour observation arc the asteroid has a poorly constrained orbit and is considered lost. It could be a member of the Beta Taurids.


1991 BA, Description
1991 BA is approximately 5 to 10 meters (15 to 30 ft) in diameter and is listed on the Sentry Risk Table. It follows a highly eccentric (0.68), low-inclination (2.0°) orbit of 3.3 years duration, ranging between 0.71 and 3.7 AU from the Sun. 1991 BA was, at the time of its discovery, the smallest and closest confirmed asteroid outside of Earth's atmosphere. 1991 BA is too faint to be observed except during close approaches to Earth and is considered lost.


1991 BA, Possible impact
Virtual clones of the asteroid that fit the uncertainty region in the known trajectory show a 1 in 310,000 chance that the asteroid will impact Earth on 2023 January 18. It is estimated that an impact would produce an upper atmosphere air burst equivalent to 16 kt TNT, roughly equal to Nagasaki's Fat Man. The asteroid would appear as a bright fireball and fragment in the air burst into smaller pieces that would hit the ground at terminal velocity producing a meteorite strewn field. Impacts of objects this size are estimated to occur approximately once a year. Asteroid 2008 TC3 was an object of similar size that was discovered less than a day before its impact on Earth on October 7, 2008 and produced a fireball and meteorite strewn field in the Sudan.


1991 BC Lions season
The 1991 BC Lions finished in third place in the West Division with an 11–7 record. They appeared in the West Semi-Final.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship
The 1991 Embassy World Darts Championship was held at the Lakeside Country Club in Frimley Green, Surrey from 4–12 January 1991. Phil Taylor was the reigning World Champion and started off well in the early rounds, before losing in the quarter-finals to Dennis Priestley who took the title.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship, Prize money
There was also a 9 Dart Checkout prize of £52,000, along with a High Checkout prize of £1,500.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship, Synopsis
There were three first round matches held on the first day of competition at the Lakeside. The opening match of the competition saw Tony Payne of the USA break his Lakeside duck by defeating Chris Johns of Wales 3-1 to advance to the second round. Payne had lost five consecutive years in the First Round. Then Phil Taylor, the number 1 seed began his defence of the World title with a 3-1 win over Martin Phillips of Wales. The reigning champion had a 95.97 average in advancing to a second round match against Tony Payne. In the final match of the day, Bob Sinnaeve defeated Eric Burden in a very tight game, by 3 sets to 2. There was just 1.2 points between the pair of them.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship, Synopsis
Saturday 5 January - afternoonIn the first match of day two of the competition saw a big shock with the defeat of Magnus Caris the number 8 seed, knocked out 3-0 by Englishman Dennis Priestley, Dennis recording a 93.30 average in advancing to a match against Bob Sinnaeve. The second match saw Russell Stewart, Phil Taylor's first victim a year ago advance to the last 16 for the fourth time, the first time since 1989. Russ knocked out Knud Nilsen from Norway by 3-0 with 84.87 average. The final game of the afternoon saw very nearly the elimination of the number 5 seed, Bob Anderson for the second year running. He edged Sean Palfrey of Wales by 3 sets to 2 to go through to the second round.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship, Synopsis
Saturday 5 January - evening3 more games on Saturday night. In the first, future champion Raymond van Barneveld from the Netherlands made his Lakeside debut, however 11 legs later it was all over. Keith Sullivan dropping just two legs in the battle of the debutants. The second match was a let down for Paul Lim; He had hit a nine dart finish in the 1990 championship and advanced to the quarter-finals before losing 4-0 to Cliff Lazarenko, however this year, faced with a tough first round match against Alan Warriner lost 3-0 and bowed out in the first round. The final game saw Kevin Kenny defeat Albert Anstey 3-2 with an 88.65 average. It was to be the start of a very memorable week for the 29-year-old unseeded Englishman making his second appearance at the Lakeside.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship, Synopsis
Sunday 6 January - afternoonThree games on the afternoon of the busiest day of the championship (7 matches in total). The first saw the most eagerly anticipated clash of the first round, Peter Evison (seeded 2) against twice champion John Lowe. The Game, a very tight affair, saw Evison edge through 3-2 with a 91.02 average. The first time, Lowe had been eliminated in the first round at the World Championships. The second game saw the champion from 2 years ago and ever popular Scot Jocky Wilson begin his campaign with a tense 3-2 win over Richie Gardner. Wilson who edged three matches in 1989 in the deciding set brought memories of his last 16 triumph over Alan Warriner.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship, Synopsis
Sunday 6 January - eveningFour matches tonight, all of them being played in the bottom quarter of the draw. First match on was Ronnie Sharp against Cliff Lazarenko, who had both reached the quarter-finals in 1990 - Sharp taking sets off Taylor. This time, it wasn't a close contest, with Lazarenko entering Round 2 with an easy 3-0 whitewash. Dave Whitcombe, seeded 6 and a seed for the first time since 1989, defeated Per Skau of Denmark with a 3-1 win, as well as an 84.6 average. Skau would enjoy later success at the Lakeside.


1991 BDO World Darts Championship, Synopsis
Mike Gregory, who had lost his seeding (no.4) which he held last year, but to reach the semis again he would need to defeat the man who knocked him out in the last 4 5-2, Eric Bristow. The 3rd Seed defeated Kexi Heinaharju 3-0 to book a slot in the Second Round.


1991 BMW European Indoors
The 1991 BMW European Indoors was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Saalsporthalle Allmend in Zürich in Switzerland and was part of Tier II of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from 7 October through 13 October 1991. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her fifth at the event, and earned $70,000 first-prize money.


1991 BMW European Indoors, Finals, Doubles
Jana Novotná /  Andrea Strnadová defeated  Zina Garrison-Jackson /  Lori McNeil 6–4, 6–3


1991 BMW Open
The 1991 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament held in Munich, Germany and played on outdoor clay courts. The event was part of the ATP World Series category of the Association of Tennis Professionals tour. It was the 75th edition of the tournament and was held from 29 April through 6 May 1991. Unseeded Magnus Gustafsson won the singles title.


1991 BMW Open, Finals, Singles
Magnus Gustafsson defeated  Guillermo Pérez Roldán 3–6, 6–3, 4–3 (Perez-Roldan retired)


1991 BMW Open, Finals, Doubles
Patrick Galbraith /  Todd Witsken defeated  Anders Järryd /  Danie Visser 7–5, 6–4


1991 BMW Open – Doubles
Udo Riglewski and Michael Stich were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals this year.


1991 BMW Open – Doubles
Patrick Galbraith and Todd Witsken won the title, defeating Anders Järryd and Danie Visser 7–5, 6–4 in the final.


1991 BMW Open – Singles
Karel Nováček was the defending champion of the singles event at the BMW Open, but did not participate this year.


1991 BMW Open – Singles
Magnus Gustafsson won the title, defeating Guillermo Pérez Roldán, who retired from the final while Gustafsson was leading 3–6, 6–3, 4–3.


1991 BP National Championships
The 1991 BP National Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Wellington in New Zealand and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 31 December 1990 through 6 January 1991. Third-seeded Richard Fromberg won the singles title.


1991 BP National Championships, Finals, Doubles
Luiz Mattar /  Nicolás Pereira defeated  John Letts /  Jaime Oncins 4–6, 7–6, 6–2


1991 BYU Cougars football team
The 1991 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University (BYU) in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1991 Badminton Asian Cup
The 1991 Badminton Asian Cup was the first edition of Badminton Asian Cup. It was held in Istora Senayan indoor stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia from 18 to 22 December with total prize money of US$100,000. The main sponsor of this tournament was Cathay Pacific. Malaysian team won titles in Men's singles and doubles event, while South Korea won Women's doubles and Mixed doubles disciplines. Chinese Tang won the Women's singles title.


1991 Badminton World Cup
The 1991 Badminton World Cup was the thirteenth edition of an international tournament Badminton World Cup. The event was held in Portuguese Macau from 7 August to 10 August 1991. Indonesia won the men's singles and mixed doubles events while China won the women's singles. Malaysia secured a title in men's doubles discipline & South Korea clinched the women's doubles title.


1991 Balearic regional election
The 1991 Balearic regional election was held on Sunday, 26 May 1991, to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. All 59 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.


1991 Balearic regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The Parliament of the Balearic Islands was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Balearic Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Government. Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Balearic Islands and in full enjoyment of their political rights.


1991 Balearic regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The 59 members of the Parliament of the Balearic Islands were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera. Each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 33 for Mallorca, 13 for Menorca, 12 for Ibiza and 1 for Formentera.


1991 Balearic regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.


1991 Balearic regional election, Overview, Election date
The term of the Parliament of the Balearic Islands expired four years after the date of its previous election. Legal amendments earlier in 1991 established that elections to the Parliament were to be fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 10 June 1987, setting the election date for the Parliament on Sunday, 26 May 1991.


1991 Balearic regional election, Overview, Election date
The Parliament of the Balearic Islands could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament except in the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a sixty-day period from the first ballot. In such a case, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.


1991 Balearic regional election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 30 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of the Balearic Islands.


1991 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1991 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. In its seventh season under head coach Paul Schudel, the team compiled a 6–5 record (4–4 against conference opponents) and finished in a tie for fifth place out of ten teams in the MAC. The team played its home games at Ball State Stadium in Muncie, Indiana.


1991 Ball State Cardinals football team
The team's statistical leaders included Mike Neu with 1,491 passing yards, Corey Croom with 1,053 rushing yards and 48 points scored, Mike LeSure with 629 receiving yards.


1991 Ballon d'Or
The 1991 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Jean-Pierre Papin and published December 24, 1991.


1991 Ballon d'Or
Papin was the third French national to win the award after Raymond Kopa (1958) and Michel Platini (1983, 1984 and 1985). He was also the first player from the French League to win the trophy.


1991 Baltic Cup
The 1991 Baltic Cup football competition took place from 15 to 17 November 1991 at the Žalgiris Stadium in Klaipėda, Lithuania. It was the first competition of the three Baltic states – Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia – since they regained their independence from the Soviet Union, earlier that year. The FIFA didn't recognize the games as full internationals.


1991 Baltimore Orioles season
The 1991 Baltimore Orioles season  was a season in American baseball. It involved the Orioles finishing 6th in the American League East with a record of 67 wins and 95 losses. Cal Ripken. Jr. would be the first shortstop in the history of the American League to win two MVP awards in a career. This was also the Orioles' last year at Memorial Stadium. The O's would move into Oriole Park at Camden Yards.


1991 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1991 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1991 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1991 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1991 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1991 Baltimore mayoral election
The 1991 Baltimore mayoral election saw the reelection of incumbent mayor Kurt Schmoke.


1991 Bandy World Championship
The 1991 Bandy World Championship was contested between eight men's bandy playing nations. The championship was played in Finland from 17–24 March 1991. Canada, Hungary and the Netherlands made their championship debuts. The Soviet Union became champions in what would become its last tournament; less than a year later, the Soviet Union was dissolved and would be replaced in international bandy briefly by the Commonwealth of Independent States and then permanently by Russia. The final game was played at Oulunkylä Ice Rink in Helsinki.


1991 Bangladesh census
In 1991, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, conducted a national census in Bangladesh. They recorded data from all of the districts and upazilas and main cities in Bangladesh including statistical data on population size, households, sex and age distribution, marital status, economically active population, literacy and educational attainment, religion, number of children etc. According to the census, Hindus were 10.5 per cent of the population, down from 12.1 per cent as of 1981.


1991 Bangladesh census
Bangladesh have a population of 106,314,992 as per 1991 census report. Majority of 93,886,769 reported that they were Muslims, 11,184,337 reported as Hindus, 616,626 as Buddhists, 350,839 as Christians and 276,418 as others.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone
The 1991 Bangladesh cyclone (IMD designation: BOB 01, JTWC designation: 02B)  was among the deadliest tropical cyclones on record. Forming out of a large area of convection over the Bay of Bengal on April 24, the tropical cyclone initially developed gradually while meandering over the southern Bay of Bengal. On April 28, the storm began to accelerate northeastwards under the influence of the southwesterlies, and rapidly intensified to super cyclonic storm strength near the coast of Bangladesh on April 29. After making landfall in the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 250 km/h (155 mph), the cyclone rapidly weakened as it moved through northeastern India, degenerating into a remnant low over the Yunnan province in western China.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone
One of the most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded in the basin, the tropical cyclone caused a 6.1 m (20 ft) storm surge, which inundated the coastline, causing at least 138,866 deaths and about US$1.7 billion (1991 USD) in damage. As a result of the catastrophic damage, the United States and other countries carried out Operation Sea Angel, one of the largest military relief efforts ever carried out.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Meteorological history
On April 22, 1991, a circulation formed in the southern Bay of Bengal from a persistent area of convection, or thunderstorms, near the equator in the eastern Indian Ocean. Within two days, the cloud mass encompassed most of the Bay of Bengal, focused on an area west of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. On April 24, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) designated the system as a depression, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) labeled the system as Tropical Cyclone 02B. Ships in the region reported winds of around 55 km/h (35 mph) around this time.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Meteorological history
From its genesis, the storm moved northwestward, and early forecasts from the JTWC anticipated that trajectory would continue toward Andhra Pradesh in southeastern India, due to a westward-moving ridge over India. The cyclone gradually strengthened, amplified by a wind surge from the south. The IMD upgraded the depression to a cyclonic storm on April 25, and to a severe cyclonic storm on the following day. By April 26, wind shear had decreased to near zero as an anticyclone developed aloft the hurricane.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Meteorological history
Around this time, the cyclone rounded the western periphery of a large subtropical ridge over Thailand, and the storm turned northward between the ridge to the northeast and northwest. The IMD upgraded the system to a very severe cyclonic storm on April 27, estimating winds of 142 km/h (89 mph). By this time, the JTWC anticipated a future track toward the Ganges Delta region of eastern India and Bangladesh.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Meteorological history
On April 28, the flow of the southwesterlies caused the cyclone to accelerate to the north-northeast. This flow also amplified the storm's outflow, and the cyclone intensified further. By 12:00 UTC on April 28, or about 31 hours before landfall, the JTWC was correctly forecasting a landfall in southeastern Bangladesh. Early on April 29, the IMD upgraded the system to a super cyclonic storm – the highest category – and estimated peak winds of 235 km/h (145 mph).


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Meteorological history
The JTWC estimated peak winds of 160 mph (255 km/h), the equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale or a super typhoon. The IMD also estimated a minimum barometric pressure of 918 mbar (hPa; 27.11 inHg), while the JTWC estimated a minimum pressure of 898 mbar (hPa; 26.52 inHg). The cyclone's high winds and low pressure, a rarity for the Bay of Bengal, ranked it among the most intense cyclones in the basin.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Meteorological history
At 19:00 UTC on April 29, the cyclone made landfall about 55 km (35 mi) south of Chittagong in southeastern Bangladesh while slightly below its peak strength. Moving through the mountainous terrain of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the cyclone quickly weakened and crossed into northeast India, where it degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Background and preparations
Until 2004, tropical cyclones were not named in the north Indian Ocean. Through its role as Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, the IMD issued warnings on the storm, designating it Super Cyclonic Storm BoB 1. The agency tracked the storm using satellite imagery, radar, and other meteorological stations. The JTWC, providing warnings and support to American military interests, designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 02B, and also referred to it as a "super cyclone". Although the cyclone was officially unnamed, documents from the United States Agency for International Development and the United States Army referred to the storm as Cyclone Marian. Time magazine referred to the storm as Cyclone Gorky.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Background and preparations
The Bay of Bengal is prone to large storm surges, which is the rise in sea water accompanying a cyclone landfall. The low-lying coast of Bangladesh along the Bay of Bengal is heavily populated, with at least 120 million people. In 1970, a cyclone struck Bangladesh and killed at least 300,000 people.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Background and preparations
Before the cyclone moved ashore, an estimated 2–3 million people evacuated the Bangladeshi coast. In a survey by the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the main reason more people did not evacuate was underestimating the severity of the cyclone. The JTWC maintained contact with the American embassy in Bangladesh's capital Dhaka, assuring that it would not have to be evacuated due to a projected track farther southeast.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Impact
The cyclone made landfall in southeastern Bangladesh around the time of high tide, which was already 5.5 m (18 ft) above normal; in addition, the cyclone produced a 6.1 m (20 ft) storm surge that inundated the coastline. The storm also brought winds of around 240 km/h (150 mph). Winds exceeding 220 km/h (135 mph) lashed a populated region of the coast for about 12 hours, as well as 12 offshore islands.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Impact
An estimated 138,000 people were killed by the cyclone. More than 20,000 people died on Kutubdia Upazila, an island offshore Chittagong where 80–90% of homes were destroyed, and all livestock were killed. Some smaller offshore islands lost their entire populations. There were around 25,000 dead in Chittagong, 40,000 dead in Banshkali. About 13.4 million people were affected. Around 1 million homes were destroyed, leaving 10 million people homeless. The storm surge caused whole villages to be swept away.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Impact
The storm caused an estimated $1.5 billion (1991 US dollars) in damage. The high velocity wind and the storm surge devastated the coastline. Although a concrete levee was in place near the mouth of the Karnaphuli River in Patenga, it was washed away by the storm surge. The cyclone uprooted a 100-ton crane from the Port of Chittagong, and smashed it on the Karnaphuli River Bridge, effectively breaking it into two parts. A large number of boats and smaller ships ran aground. The Bangladesh Navy and Bangladesh Air Force, both of which had bases in Chittagong, were also heavily hit.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Impact
The Isha Khan Naval Base at Patenga was flooded, with heavy damages to the ships. Most of the fighter planes belonging to the air force were damaged. The extensive damage caused the price of building materials to greatly increase. For an additional three to four weeks after the storm had dissipated, mass land erosion resulted in more and more farmers losing their land, and therefore, the number of unemployed rose. In several areas up to 90 percent of crops had been washed away. The shrimp farms and salt industry were left devastated.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Impact, Elsewhere
The JTWC tracked the cyclone as moving northeastward from Bangladesh into northern Myanmar, dissipating in western China over Yunnan province. In Northeast India, continuous rainfall and gusty winds affected Tripura and Mizoram states, causing "some loss of life" according to the IMD. Many houses in the two states were destroyed, and telecommunications were disrupted.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Aftermath
In the days after the storm, homeless Bangladeshis overcrowded shelters, and many storm victims were unable to find shelter.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Aftermath
On the island of Sonodia its inhabitants were suffering from diarrhea from drinking contaminated water, respiratory and urinary infections, scabies and various injuries with only rice for food. Out of the ten wells on the island only 5 were functional of which only one providing pure water with the rest contaminated by sea water.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Aftermath
As a result of the 1991 cyclone, Bangladesh improved its warning and shelter systems. Also, the government implemented a reforestation program to mitigate future flooding issues.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Aftermath, Operation Sea Angel
The United States amphibious task-force, consisting of 15 ships and 2,500 men, returning to the US after the Gulf War was diverted to the Bay of Bengal to provide relief to an estimated 1.7 million survivors. This was part of Operation Sea Angel, one of the largest military disaster relief efforts ever carried out, with the United Kingdom, China, India, Pakistan and Japan also participating.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Aftermath, Operation Sea Angel
Operation Sea Angel began on May 10, 1991, when President Bush directed the US military to provide humanitarian assistance. A Contingency Joint Task Force under the command of Lieutenant General Henry C. Stackpole, consisting of over 400 Marines and 3,000 sailors, was subsequently sent to Bangladesh to provide food, water, and medical care to nearly two million people. The efforts of U.S. troops, which included 3,300 tons of supplies, are credited with having saved as many as 200,000 lives. The relief was delivered to the hard-hit coastal areas and low-lying islands in the Bay of Bengal by helicopter, boat and amphibious craft.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Aftermath, Operation Sea Angel
The US military also provided medical and engineering teams to work with their Bangladeshi counterparts and international relief organisation to treat survivors and contain an outbreak of diarrhea, caused by contaminated drinking water. Water purification plants were built and prevalence of diarrhea amongst the population was reduced to lower than pre-cyclone levels.


1991 Bangladesh cyclone, Aftermath, Operation Sea Angel
After the departure of the task force, 500 military personnel, two C-130 cargo planes, five Blackhawk helicopters and four small landing craft from the task force remained to help finish off relief operations in outlying districts and rebuild warehouses. The amphibious landing ship USS St. Louis (LKA-116) delivered large quantities of intravenous solution from Japan to aid in the treatment of cyclone survivors.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Bangladesh on 15 September 1991. Voters were asked "Should or not the President assent to the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Bill, 1991 of the People's Republic of Bangladesh?" The amendments would lead to the reintroduction of parliamentary government, with the President becoming the constitutional head of state, but the Prime Minister the executive head. It also abolished the position of Vice-President and would see the President elected by Parliament.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum
The result saw 83.6% vote in favour, with a turnout of 35.2%.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum, Background
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the Awami League during the independence struggle, and served as chief executive of Bangladesh from January 1972 until his assassination in August 1975. In 1974, Mujib declared a state of emergency and launched a Second Revolution in which, with the approval of parliament, he replaced the parliamentary system with a presidential one-party authoritarian system.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum, Background
On 8 December 1990, President Hossain Muhammad Ershad resigned and Chief Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, the agreed-upon candidate of the Awami League and Bangladesh National Party (BNP), assumed power as acting President. Prior to this, Ahmed had been appointed Vice President by Ershad so that the succession would follow constitutional processes. Ahmed's two assigned tasks were to organise and hold general elections as soon as possible, and meanwhile run the country without being overly interventionist. The major contestants in the elections, which were organised for February 1991, were the Awami League and the BNP, with the Jamaat-e-Islami and Jatiya Party and many other small parties and independent candidates also participating.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum, Background
The Awami League, incorrectly expecting that its organisational strength would allow it to win the elections, favoured a parliamentary system, a change that would require the support of two-thirds of the members of the new parliament and the voters' approval of a referendum. The BNP argued for the continuation of the presidential system.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum, Background
Following the elections, the BNP held 168 seats, the Awami League 88, the Jatiya Party 35, and Jamaat-e-Islami 20. With the BNP winning a clear majority in the 330-seat Parliament, BNP leader Begum Khaleda Zia became Prime Minister. However, as the BNP had received only 31 percent of the popular vote, it was not clear that it could win a presidential vote, especially if the opposition parties agreed on a common candidate, as they probably would have. Because of this, and the fact that the BNP was in power in Parliament, it seemed advantageous to the BNP to shift power from the president to Parliament.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum, Background
As a result, on 2 July the BNP introduced the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Bill 1991. The Awami League also put forward its own constitutional amendment bill. A 15-member select committee was formed to resolve the differences. The committee produced a unanimous report and placed it before the Parliament on 6 August for approval. After two rounds of voting, the bill was passed by 307 votes to none, and the amendment was then put to a referendum.


1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum, Aftermath
Since the amendment, critics have argued that the reform did not assure meaningful multiparty participation in lawmaking, as the ruling party often chose to bypass the parliament in making major laws, including the 1994 Anti- Terrorist Bill, by promulgating ordinances instead of submitting proposed legislation to parliamentary committees for scrutiny. Opposition parties also often boycotted the Fifth, Seventh, and Eighth parliaments.


1991 Bangladeshi general election
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 27 February 1991. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) emerged as the largest party in parliament, winning 140 of the 300 directly-elected seats. The BNP formed a government with the support of the Islamic party Jamaat-e-Islami, and on 20 March Khaleda Zia was sworn in for her first term as Prime Minister.


1991 Bangladeshi general election
The elections were described to be free and fair by many international observers, and it played a major role in solidifying Bangladeshi democracy in aftermath of the anti-government protests in late 1980s. Voter turnout was 55.4%.


1991 Bangladeshi general election, Background
In 1990 a popular mass uprising led by future Prime Ministers Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina deposed the former Army Chief Hussain Muhammad Ershad from the Presidency in December. Ershad had assumed the Presidency in 1983  following a coup d'état in 1982.


1991 Bangladeshi general election, Background
The previous parliamentary elections had been held in 1988 and saw Ershad's Jatiya Party win 251 of the 300 seats. However, the elections had been boycotted by all major opposition parties and were described by one Western diplomat as "a mockery of an election". On 6 December 1990, the day of Ershad's resignation, parliament was dissolved  and new elections were scheduled for 2 March 1991, but subsequently advanced to 27 February, with all major political parties participating.


1991 Bangladeshi general election, Electoral system
The 330 members of the Jatiya Sangsad consisted of 300 directly elected seats using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies, and an additional 30 seats reserved for women. The reserved seats are distributed based on the proportional vote share of the contesting parties. Each parliament sits for a five-year term.


1991 Bangladeshi general election, Results
The elections saw the BNP win 140 seats, 11 short of a parliamentary majority. The BNP's primary rivals, the Awami League, led by Sheikh Hasina, won only 88 seats. However, there was little difference between the two main parties in terms of the popular vote share, with BNP only receiving around 250,000 votes more than the Awami League.


1991 Bangladeshi general election, Results
Of the directly elected 300 seats, only four were won by female candidates. Following the elections, the BNP won 28 of the 30 reserved seats for women.


1991 Bangladeshi general election, Aftermath
In September 1991 a constitutional referendum was held, which sought the transfer of executive powers from the President to the Prime Minister, making the presidency largely a ceremonial role. The vote was overwhelmingly in favour of the constitutional amendments and the country returned to being a parliamentary democracy in line with its founding constitution.


1991 Bangladeshi presidential election
The 1991 Bangladeshi presidential election was held on October 8, 1991. This was the first indirect election after the restoration of the parliamentary system. Abdur Rahman Biswas was nominated by the ruling party. He won the election unopposed as there were no other candidates to run for the election. Abdur Rahman Biswas took the oath of the President's Office and assumed the office on October 10, 1991.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300
The 1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that occurred on June 9, 1991, at Sears Point International Raceway in the American community of Sonoma, California.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300
Scott Gaylord would make his NASCAR Cup Series debut in this racing event. Butch Gilliland, the father of current NASCAR Sprint Cup Series competitor David Gilliland, failed to qualify for this race along with three other drivers.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300
Kyle Petty would break his leg at a crash in Talladega and was unable to compete; Tommy Kendall took over the #42 Mello Yello machine while Petty was recuperating. Petty's first race after his injury would end up being the 1991 Heinz Southern 500; a fall race at Darlington Raceway.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300, Summary
While the average green flag run would be 10 laps, 19% of this 74-lap race would be run under some sort of caution flag. A grid of 43 American-born drivers qualified for this road course racing event; R.K. Smith would blow his engine on the second lap, making him the last-place finisher. John Krebs would be the lowest-finishing driver to complete the race while Hershel McGriff would see his ambitions ruined by a crash on lap 61. Ford, Chevrolet and Pontiac vehicles would form the clear majority of the manufacturers involved.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300, Summary
After more than two and a half hours of racing, Davey Allison would defeat the first winner of the annual event Ricky Rudd by a margin of one second after Rudd was black-flagged at the checkers for a previous contact with Allison in the race. Their intense rivalry at this racing event proved their expertise on road courses when most of the other NASCAR drivers in the 1990s were more concerned about racing on oval tracks and struggled to survive in places like Sonoma and Watkins Glen.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300, Summary
While Rudd was originally considered to be the winner since he finished first, NASCAR officials spotted a flagrant incident involving him and second-place driver Davey Allison. Rudd's tapping of Davey Allison at the White flag earned him a black-flag of 5 seconds added to his total time; enough to put Allison as the winner. National media would cover the closing moments of this controversial race. As a result, Sonoma Raceway would forever be put on the map of motorsports history.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300, Summary
Three accidents and an oil spill on the track would cause most of the yellow flag occurrences. While Rusty Wallace would lead the most laps in this race, his lack of consistency kept him from besting either Rudd or Allison. The cars in this racing event averaged speeds of nearly 73.000 miles per hour (117.482 km/h). Dale Earnhardt would keep his NASCAR Winston Cup championship points lead but would lead Ricky Rudd by a mere 53 points after this race.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300, Summary
Tommy Kendall was not going to surrender the lead when Martin got alongside him, hence why they made contact and Mark went around. Tommy Kendall got the worst end of it, though, cutting a tire and finishing last car on the lead lap after having to pit for new left sides.


1991 Banquet Frozen Foods 300, Summary
Individual race earnings for each driver ranged from the winner's portion of $61,950 ($174,217.37 when adjusted for inflation) to the last-place finisher's portion of $3,475 ($6,522.95 when adjusted for inflation). NASCAR officials at this race were authorized to hand out a grand total of $458,960 to all the qualifying drivers of this event ($861,517.15 when adjusted for inflation).


1991 Barbadian general election
General elections were held in Barbados on 22 January 1991 to elect all 28 members (MPs) of the House of Assembly of Barbados. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Labour Party (DLP), which won 18 of the 28 seats. The opposition Barbados Labour Party led by Henry Forde won ten seats, an increase of seven compared to the 1986 elections. Voter turnout was 63.7%. DLP leader Lloyd Erskine Sandiford remained Prime Minister.


1991 Barbadian general election
This was the first general election contested by the National Democratic Party (NDP), which had been founded in 1989 by four defecting DLP MPs, led by the former finance minister Richard Haynes. Despite polling nearly 7% of the national vote, all four lost their seats and no new NDP members were elected under Barbados' first-past-the-post electoral system.


1991 Barber Saab Pro Series
The 1991 Barber Saab Pro Series season was the fifth season of the series. This was the first season the class had a title sponsor, Zerex. All drivers used Saab powered Goodyear shod Mondiale chassis. Bryan Herta won the championship.


1991 Barcelona City Council election
The 1991 Barcelona City Council election, also the 1991 Barcelona municipal election, was held on Sunday, 26 May 1991, to elect the 4th City Council of the municipality of Barcelona. All 43 seats in the City Council were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.


1991 Barcelona City Council election, Electoral system
The City Council of Barcelona (Catalan: Ajuntament de Barcelona, Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Barcelona) was the top-tier administrative and governing body of the municipality of Barcelona, composed of the mayor, the government council and the elected plenary assembly. Elections to the local councils in Spain were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years.


1991 Barcelona City Council election, Electoral system
Voting for the local assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the municipality of Barcelona and in full enjoyment of their political rights, as well as resident non-nationals whose country of origin allowed Spanish nationals to vote in their own elections by virtue of a treaty. Local councillors were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each local council. Councillors were allocated to municipal councils based on the following scale:


1991 Barcelona City Council election, Electoral system
The mayor was indirectly elected by the plenary assembly. A legal clause required that mayoral candidates earned the vote of an absolute majority of councillors, or else the candidate of the most-voted party in the assembly was to be automatically appointed to the post. In the event of a tie, the appointee would be determined by lot.


1991 Barcelona City Council election, Electoral system
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of a determined amount of the electors registered in the municipality for which they were seeking election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. For the case of Barcelona, as its population was over 1,000,001, at least 8,000 signatures were required.


1991 Barcelona City Council election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 22 seats were required for an absolute majority in the City Council of Barcelona.


1991 Barcelona Dragons season
The 1991 Barcelona Dragons season was the inaugural season for the franchise in the newly created World League of American Football (WLAF). The team was led by head coach Jack Bicknell, and played its home games at Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. They finished the regular season in second place of the European Division with a record of eight wins and two losses. In the postseason, the Dragons beat the Birmingham Fire in the semifinals before losing to the London Monarchs in World Bowl '91.


1991 Barcelona Dragons season, Awards
After the completion of the regular season, the All-World League team was selected by the league's ten head coaches. Overall, Barcelona had six players selected, with two on the first team and four on the second team. The five selections were:


1991 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council were held on 2 May 1991, with one third of the council up for election. Prior to the election, the defending councillor in Penistone West had changed their affiliation from Residents to Independent, ending the Residents presence on the council that had endured since its creation in 1973. The election resulted in Labour retaining control of the council.


1991 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election, Ward results
+/- figures represent changes from the last time these wards were contested.


1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission
The preliminary 1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission list was released by the United States Department of Defense in 1991 as part of the ongoing Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The list recommended closing 28 major United States military bases throughout the nation. This was the last Base Realignment and Closure Commission prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union ending the Cold War.


1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, Commissioners
James A. Courter, Chairman; William L. Ball, III; Robert D. Stuart, Jr.; James C. Smith, II, P.E. ; Arthur Levitt, Jr.; Howard H. Callaway; General Duane H. Cassidy, USAF (Ret.)


1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, Justification
The commission was established to review the Defense Secretary's list of bases submitted to Congress on April 12, 1991. The seven commissioners and their staff held 28 hearings across the country, visited 47 military installations, and met hundreds of representatives of the surrounding communities. Base closures are politically sensitive issues often resulting in a major economic loss for the surrounding area. Analysts from the General Accounting Office, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the Logistics Management Institute, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency worked closely with the commission.


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1991 followed the system in place since 1978. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected three, Rod Carew, Ferguson Jenkins, and Gaylord Perry. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider older major league players as well as managers, umpires, executives, and figures from the Negro leagues. It selected two, Tony Lazzeri and Bill Veeck. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 21, 1991.


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1971 or later, but not after 1985; the ballot included candidates from the 1990 ballot who received at least 5% of the vote but were not elected, along with selected players, chosen by a screening committee, whose last appearance was in 1985. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Voters were instructed to cast votes for up to 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. The ballot consisted of 45 players; a total of 443 ballots were cast, with 333 votes required for election. A total of 2,948 individual votes were cast, an average of 6.65 per ballot. Those candidates receiving less than 5% of the vote will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, but may eventually be considered by the Veterans Committee.


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Candidates who were eligible for the first time are indicated here with a dagger (†). The three candidates who received at least 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics. The 22 candidates who received less than 5% of the vote, thus becoming ineligible for future BBWAA consideration, are indicated with an asterisk (*).


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Jim Bunning and Harvey Kuenn were on the ballot for the 15th and final time.


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The field of newly-eligible players included 14 All-Stars, all of whom were on the ballot, representing a total of 58 All-Star selections. Among the new candidates were 18-time All-Star Rod Carew, 7-time All-Stars Rollie Fingers and Al Oliver, 6-time All-Star Rusty Staub, and 5-time All-Stars Larry Bowa and Steve Rogers. The field included four Rookies of the Year (Carew, Al Bumbry, Mike Hargrove and Pat Zachry), three MVPs (Carew, Fingers and Jeff Boroughs) and two Cy Young Award winners (Sparkey Lyle and Rollie Fingers. Fingers also received the MVP Award the same year).


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Players eligible for the first time who were not included on the ballot were: Benny Ayala, Alan Bannister, Kurt Bevacqua, Steve Braun, Miguel Diloné, Doug Flynn, Tim Foli, Dan Ford, Kiko Garcia, Ed Glynn, Andy Hassler, Jay Johnstone, Duane Kuiper, Sixto Lezcano, Dan Meyer, Rick Miller, Dale Murray, Joe Nolan, Dan Spillner, Mike Squires, Bill Stein, Derrel Thomas, Rick Waits, and John Wockenfuss.


1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, J. G. Taylor Spink Award
Phil Collier (1925–2001) received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. The award was voted at the December 1990 meeting of the BBWAA, and included in the summer 1991 ceremonies.


1991 Basildon District Council election
The 1991 Basildon District Council election took place on 2 May 1991 to elect members of Basildon District Council in Essex, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of the council was up for election; the seats which were last contested in 1987. An addition seat was up for election in Fryerns Central ward. The Labour Party lost control of the council, which it had gained only the previous year; the council fell back under no overall control.


1991 Basildon District Council election, Overall results
All comparisons in vote share are to the corresponding 1987 election.


1991 Basque foral elections
The 1991 Basque foral elections were held on Sunday, 26 May 1991, to elect the 4th Juntas Generales of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa. All 153 seats in the three Juntas Generales were up for election. The elections were held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.


1991 Basque foral elections, Foral deputation control
The following table lists party control in the foral deputations. Gains for a party are displayed with the cell's background shaded in that party's colour.


1991 Bath City Council election
The 1991 Bath City Council election was held on Thursday 2 May 1991 to elect councillors to Bath City Council in England. It took place on the same day as other district council elections in the United Kingdom. One third of seats were up for election. Two seats were contested in Bathwick due to an extra vacancy occurring.


1991 Bath City Council election, Ward results
Sitting councillors seeking re-election, elected in 1987, are marked with an asterisk (*). The ward results listed below are based on the changes from the 1990 elections, not taking into account any party defections or by-elections.


1991 Bauchi State gubernatorial election
The 1991 Bauchi State gubernatorial election occurred on December 14, 1991. NRC candidate Dahiru Mohammed won the election.


1991 Bauchi State gubernatorial election, Conduct
The gubernatorial election was conducted using an open ballot system. Primaries for the two parties to select their flag bearers were conducted on October 19, 1991.


1991 Bauchi State gubernatorial election, Conduct
The election occurred on December 14, 1991. NRC candidate Dahiru Mohammed won the election.


1991 Bausch & Lomb Championships
The 1991 Bausch & Lomb Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Amelia Island Plantation on Amelia Island, Florida in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the 12th edition of the tournament and was held from April 8 through April 14, 1991. Gabriela Sabatini won the singles title.


1991 Bausch & Lomb Championships, Finals, Doubles
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario /  Helena Suková defeated  Mercedes Paz /  Natasha Zvereva 4–6, 6–2, 6–2


1991 Baylor Bears football team
The 1991 Baylor Bears football team (variously "Baylor", "BU", or the "Bears") represented Baylor University in the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Southwest Conference. They played their home games at Floyd Casey Stadium in Waco, Texas. They were coached by head coach Grant Teaff.


1991 Belarusian Revolution
The 1991 Belarusian Revolution was a series of nationwide strikes and pro-independence rallies against the Soviet Union and its policies. Falling living standards and unemployment along with Glasnost and Perestroika policies also sparked massive demonstrations and unrest by mostly young people, demanding democracy and leading labour protests across Belarus. The first mass protests were in April, when hundreds of thousands waved the Belarusian flag and demanded the resignation of president Mikhail Gorbachev. Massive rallies were held in Brest, Minsk, Mogilev and Gomel between April and May. The peaceful demonstrations were the largest in the history of Belarus at the time. Growing street protests and massive civil dissent rocked Belarus in July and August. On 25 August 1991, Belarus declared independence from the Soviet Union, as part of the dissolution of the country.


1991 Belgian Challenge
The 1991 Belgian Challenge (also referred to as the 1991 555 Belgian Challenge for the purposes of sponsorship) was an invitational non-ranking snooker tournament held at the Matchroom Schijnpoort, Antwerp from 18 to 21 December 1991. Steve Davis won the title, defeating Stephen Hendry 10–9 in the final.


1991 Belgian Challenge
In the first round, Hendry set a record for the quickest best-of-nine frames match by beating Mike Henson 5–0 in 51 minutes. Henson scored only ten points in the match. In the quarter-finals, Hendry whitewashed his opponent Gary Wilkinson, who had won the World Matchplay tournament five days previously, with Wilkinson scoring just 40 points across the first four of the five frames. In the semi-final, Hendry was on track for his first competitive maximum break by potting fourteen reds and fourteen blacks, but then snookered himself on the final red and did not pot it. Later in the match, Hallett also potted fourteen reds and blacks, but he missed a pot on the final red.


1991 Belgian Challenge
In the final, Davis trailed 3–6, but later led 8–7 after compiling breaks of 78, 102, 56 and 102. Hendry made it 8–8 with a break of 120, before Davis won the following frame. Recovering from 43 points behind to win the 18th frame, Hendry forced the match to a deciding frame. Davis won the last frame, making a break of 66, to win the title.


1991 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1991 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 25 August 1991. It was the eleventh round of the 1991 Formula One World Championship and the debut race of future 7-time World Champion Michael Schumacher.


1991 Belgian Grand Prix, Pre-race
The Jordan team dominated the headlines leading up to the Belgian Grand Prix. Driver Bertrand Gachot was serving a two month prison sentence in an English jail as a result of an altercation with a London taxi driver, so the team had decided to replace him with young German driver Michael Schumacher. Elsewhere Johnny Herbert had returned to Lotus after having missed the previous two races due to Formula 3000 commitments in Japan.


1991 Belgian Grand Prix, Pre-race
Honda had arrived at Spa with updated engines for McLaren, the team hoping to get the momentum back in their favour.