1988 Canadian federal election, Opinion polling
The campaign's polling volatility can be seen in the shifting polling averages throughout the campaign. The weekly averages of the campaign, rounded to nearest whole number, were as follows:


1988 Canadian federal election, National results
For a complete list of MPs elected in the 1988 election see 34th Canadian Parliament.


1988 Canadian federal election, Vote and seat summaries
A number of unregistered parties also contested the election. The Western Canada Concept party, led by Doug Christie, fielded three candidates in British Columbia. The Western Independence Party ran one candidate in British Columbia, seven in Alberta, and three in Manitoba (although one of the Manitoba candidates appears to have withdrawn before election day).


1988 Canadian federal election, Vote and seat summaries
The Liberal candidate in Etobicoke-Lakeshore, Emmanuel Feuerwerker, withdrew from the race after suffering a heart attack, resulting in the Liberals not running a candidate in all 295 ridings during this election.


1988 Canadian federal election, Vote and seat summaries
Blair T. Longley campaigned in British Columbia as a representative of the "Student Party". Newspaper reports indicate that this was simply a tax-avoidance scheme.


1988 Canadian federal election, Vote and seat summaries
The moribund Social Credit Party fielded nine candidates, far short of the 50 required for official recognition. However, the Chief Electoral Officer allowed the party's name to appear on the ballot by virtue of its half-century history as a recognized party. It would be the last time that the party, which had been the third-largest or fourth-largest party in Canada at its height, would fight an election under its own name. The party was deregistered before the 1993 election after it failed to nominate enough candidates to keep its registration.


1988 Canadian federal election, Results by province
Note: Parties that captured less than 1% of the vote in a province are not recorded.


1988 Cannes Film Festival
The 41st Cannes Film Festival was held from 11 to 23 May 1988. The Palme d'Or went to the Pelle erobreren by Bille August.


1988 Cannes Film Festival
The festival opened with Le Grand Bleu, directed by Luc Besson and closed with Willow, directed by Ron Howard.


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Juries, Main competition
The following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1988 feature film competition:


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Juries, Camera d'Or
The following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1988 Camera d'Or:


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Un Certain Regard
The following films were selected for the competition of Un Certain Regard:


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Out of competition
The following films were selected to be screened out of competition.


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Short film competition
The following short films competed for the Palme d'Or du court métrage:


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Parallel sections, International Critics' Week
The following feature films were screened for the 27th International Critics' Week (27e Semaine de la Critique):


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Parallel sections, Directors' Fortnight
The following feature films were screened for the 1988 Directors' Fortnight (Quinzaine des Réalizateurs):


1988 Cannes Film Festival, Awards, Official awards
The following films and people received the 1988 Official selection awards:


1988 Cannes and Nice attacks
In the 1988 Cannes and Nice attacks, neo-Nazis posing as Jewish extremists bombed Sonacotra immigrant hostels in 1988, killing one person and hurting sixteen.


1988 Cannes and Nice attacks, Attacks
On 9 May 1988, a Sonacotra hostel in Cannes that was frequented by North African immigrants was bombed with a gas bottle, injuring four people.


1988 Cannes and Nice attacks, Attacks
On December 19 of the same year, 2 firebombs exploded in a hostel for immigrant workers from North Africa in Cagnes-sur-Mer, a suburb of Nice. In the subsequent panic as tenants evacuated, a third and probably murderous bomb exploded in one of the exits of the building. The attack injured twelve people and killed one. Although police spokesmen reported that most of the residents in the building in Cagnes-sur-Mer were Tunisian, the lone fatality was George Iordachescu, a Romanian exile.


1988 Cannes and Nice attacks, Perpetrator
In an attempt to frame Jewish extremists for the Cagnes-sur-Mer bombing, the terrorists left anti-Islam leaflets bearing Stars of David and calling themselves the Masada Action and Defense Movement (French: Mouvement d'Action et Défense Masada). It also contained the message "To destroy Israel, Islam has chosen the sword. For this choice, Islam will perish."


1988 Cannes and Nice attacks, Perpetrator
The Zionist moniker turned out to be a false flag, and in January 1989, 18 members of the neo-Nazi French and European Nationalist Party (PFNE) were arrested for the bombings, which had been intended to provoke tensions between Arabs and Jews in France. They were also suspected of another bombing attack in Paris against the offices of the Le Globe newspaper on 31 July 1988.


1988 Cannes and Nice attacks, Perpetrator
Four police officers from the Fédération professionnelle indépendante de la police (FPIP) union, Patrick Reynes, Daniel Lenoir, Philippe Caplain and Daniel Sirizzotti, were also charged with criminal conspiracy in 1990. They were also thought to have been members of the PNFE.


1988 Cannes and Nice attacks, Perpetrator
In 1991, Nicolas Gouge was sentenced to 18 years in prison, and his accomplices Philippe Lombardo, Georges Cassar and Serge Bayoni, were sentenced to 14, 12 and 8 years in prison respectively. The group's leader Gilbert Hervochon, was acquitted from a prison sentence but was sentenced on 15 October to four years in detention for criminal conspiracy.


1988 Canoe Slalom World Cup
The 1988 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of races in four canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the inaugural edition. The final race was held in Augsburg, Germany, on 21 August 1988.


1988 Caribbean Series
The thirstiest edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was held from February 3 through February 8 of 1988 with the champion baseball teams of the Dominican Republic, Leones del Escogido; Mexico, Potros de Tijuana; Puerto Rico, Indios de Mayagüez, and Venezuela, Leones del Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Quisqueya in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.


1988 Catalan regional election
The 1988 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 29 May 1988, to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.


1988 Catalan regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Government. Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.


1988 Catalan regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida and Tarragona. Each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 85 for Barcelona, 17 for Gerona, 15 for Lérida and 18 for Tarragona.


1988 Catalan regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.


1988 Catalan regional election, Overview, Election date
The term of the Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The President of the Government was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 29 April 1984, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 29 April 1988. The election was required to be called no later than 14 April 1988, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 13 June 1988.


1988 Catalan regional election, Overview, Election date
After legal amendments in 1985, the President of the Government was granted the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.


1988 Catalan regional election, Parties and candidates
Below is a list of the main parties and coalitions which contested the election:


1988 Catalan regional election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.


1988 Caymanian general election
General elections were held in the Cayman Islands in November 1988. The result was a victory for the Progress with Dignity Team led by Norman Bodden, which won seven of the twelve elected seats.


1988 Cedok Open
The 1988 Cedok Open, also known as the Prague Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club in Prague, Czechoslovakia that was part of the 1988 Grand Prix circuit. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from 8 August until 14 August 1988. Third-seeded Thomas Muster won the singles title.


1988 Cedok Open, Finals, Doubles
Petr Korda /  Jaroslav Navrátil defeated  Thomas Muster /  Horst Skoff 7–5, 7–6


1988 Cellnet Superprix
After the 18th and final round of the 1988 B.A.R.C./B.R.D.C. Lucas Formula Three British Championship, the mobile telephone company Cellnet, who were already sponsoring the Intersport Racing team, organised an invitation non championship, end of season race. This race was held at Brands Hatch, on 9 October. Although Avon Tyres still supplied the tyres, Cellnet decided to increase interest by introducing a compulsory wheel change mid-race. They requested that the changes should be visible to spectators, so Avon came up with the idea of painting the whole side of the tyres.


1988 Cellnet Superprix, Report, Entry
A total of 39 F3 cars were entered for this event. Come race weekend eights cars failed to arrive in Kent for qualifying.


1988 Cellnet Superprix, Report, Qualifying
John Alcorn took pole position for Pacific Racing Team in their Toyota-engined Reynard 883, averaging a speed of 95.862 mph.


1988 Cellnet Superprix, Report, Race
The race was held over 45 wet laps of the Brands Hatch Indy circuit. With a full grid of 28 cars, the start was quite a fraught affair as various drivers, with nothing to lose, took risks not usually attempted during a championship race. This ended in tears for some. Damon Hill didn’t even finish the first lap and Kenny Bräck and Jonathan Bancroft went out in the next lap. During the race, the wheel changing was full of drama as the teams finally put into practice what they had been learning, some successfully, others not!


1988 Cellnet Superprix, Report, Race
Paul Warwick in his Eddie Jordan Racing Reynard was also victim retiring after an overheated engine. Gary Brabham took the winner spoils for the Bowman Racing team, driving their Ralt-Volkswagen RT32. The Aussie won in a time of 37:10.92mins., averaging a speed of 87.436 mph. Second place went to Jason Elliott and Sweden’s Rickard Rydell finishing third. The ‘fastest wheel change’ prize of £1,000 in loose £1 coins in a sack, was won by Middlebridge Racing which was a bit of a bonus a their driver, Phil Andrews, had driven a good race to finish 5th.


1988 Centennial Cup
The 1988 Centennial Cup is the 18th Junior "A" 1988 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.


1988 Centennial Cup
The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Abbott Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Callaghan Cup, and a 'Host' team.


1988 Centennial Cup
The tournament was hosted by the Pembroke Lumber Kings in the city of Pembroke, Ontario.


1988 Centennial Cup, The Playoffs
The Thunder Bay Flyers coached by Dave Siciliano won the United States Hockey League playoffs, despite that the team had 13 rookies. The Ottawa Citizen credited the team's success to its skating ability, puck control and aggressive forechecking. The Pembroke Lumber Kings defeated the Flyers in four consecutive games in the Dudley Hewitt Cup playoffs to determine the Central Canada "Junior A" champion. Since the Lumber Kings hosted the 1988 Centennial Cup tournament and received an automatic berth, the Flyers advanced to the Centennial Cup tournament as the Dudley Hewitt Cup finalists.


1988 Centennial Cup, The Playoffs, Round Robin
Note: x - denotes teams who have advanced to the semi-final.


1988 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics
The 8th Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships was held in Nassau, Bahamas, between 30 June-2 July 1988.


1988 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Medal winners are published by category: Junior A, Male, Junior A, Female, and Junior B. Complete results can be found on the World Junior Athletics History website.


1988 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)
Detailed result lists can be found on the World Junior Athletics History website. An unofficial count yields a number of about 223 athletes (125 junior (under-20) and 98 youth (under-17)) from about 13 countries:


1988 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 1988 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their 11th season under head coach Herb Deromedi, the Chippewas compiled a 7–4 record (5–3 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for third place in the MAC standings, and outscored their opponents, 287 to 176. The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 86,177 in five home games.


1988 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Jeff Bender with 1,309 passing yards, tailback Donnie Riley with 1,128 rushing yards, and Mark Hopkins with 433 receiving yards. Bender received the MAC's Freshman of the Year award, and linebacker George Ricumstrict received the team's most valuable player award. Four Central Michigan players (offensive guard Chuck Pellegrini, tailback Donnie Riley, linebacker Mark Dennis, and defensive lineman Scott Alferink) received first-team All-MAC honors.


1988 Central and Western District Board election
The 1988 Central and Western District Board election was held on 10 March 1988 to elect all 13 elected to the 20-member Central and Western District Board.


1988 Challenge Cup
The 1988 Challenge Cup was the 87th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, the final was contested by Wigan and Halifax at Wembley. Wigan won the match 32–12.


1988 Chatham Cup
The 1988 Chatham Cup was the 61st annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1988 Chatham Cup
Up to the last 16 of the competition, the cup was run in three regions (northern, central, and southern). National League teams received a bye until the final 64 stage. In all, 147 teams took part in the competition, a new record for the time.


1988 Chatham Cup, The 1988 final
The final was the third and last to be held over home and away legs. The format was abandoned for the 1989 Chatham Cup as it proved unpopular. The 1988 final was the only one to be decided on the away goals rule, with Waikato United winning after scoring more goals in the first leg in Christchurch, despite both matches ending in draws.


1988 Chatham Cup, The 1988 final
The Christchurch team included Steve Sumner, returning to the city after a spell with Gisborne, and playing for the team he had played against in the 1987 final.


1988 Chatham Cup, The 1988 final
The first leg was held in Christchurch, and proved to be an exciting match. Waikato took the lead through Steve Tate, and Lance Bauerfeind doubled their advantage. Christchurch never gave up, and scored twice in the last 20 minutes through John Hanson and Johan Verweij.


1988 Chatham Cup, The 1988 final
The two goals scored by Waikato in the first match were to prove invaluable. The second tie, in Hamilton, was evenly balanced. Waikato's Steve Tate again opened the scoring, with a goal after 17 minutes. The away goals rule meant that Christchurch would then need two goals — a 1–1 draw would not be enough for them. In the event, one goal was all they got, via a Keith Braithwaite penalty a quarter of an hour before the final whistle.


1988 Chatham Cup, The 1988 final
The Jack Batty Memorial Trophy for player of the final was awarded to double goalscorer Steve Tate of Waikato United.


1988 Chatham Cup, Results, Third Round
* won on penalties by Queens Park (5-4) and South Auckland (4-3)


1988 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1988 Chattanooga Moccasins football team represented the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) in the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Moccasins  were led by fifth-year head coach Buddy Nix and played their home games at Chamberlain Field. They finished the season 4–7, overall and 3–3 in SoCon play to place third.


1988 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The 1988 Cheltenham Gold Cup was a horse race which took place at Cheltenham on 17 March 1988. It was the 61st running of the Cheltenham Gold Cup, and was won by Charter Party. The winner was ridden by Richard Dunwoody and trained by David Nicholson. The pre-race favourite Playschool pulled-up before fence 20.


1988 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The event was marred by the death of the former winner Forgive 'n Forget, who broke a leg during the race and was euthanised.


1988 Cheltenham Gold Cup, Full result
* The distances between the horses are shown in lengths or shorter. nk = neck; PU = pulled-up† Trainers are based in Great Britain unless indicated


1988 Chicago Bears season
The 1988 Chicago Bears season was their 69th regular season and 19th postseason completed in the National Football League. The Bears looked to improve on an 11–4 finish that won them the NFC Central Division but where they were eliminated for the second consecutive year by the Washington Redskins. The Bears won 12 games and lost 4, tying for the best record in the league with the Buffalo Bills and the AFC Champion Cincinnati Bengals, and earned home field advantage in the NFC.


1988 Chicago Bears season
However, the Bears failed to advance to the Super Bowl as one of the top two seeds for a third straight season, falling to the eventual Super Bowl champion San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship Game at Soldier Field. This was the second time that the 49ers and Bears had met for a trip to the Super Bowl during the decade, with the 49ers defeating the Bears on their way to Super Bowl XIX.


1988 Chicago Bears season
Coach Mike Ditka suffered a heart attack during the season, but was back on the sidelines 11 days later. Ditka was named coach of the year for the second time in his career. This was Jim McMahon's last season as starter for the Bears as he was traded during the following offseason to the San Diego Chargers.


1988 Chicago Bears season, Playoffs
In the divisional playoffs, the Bears defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in the Fog Bowl, earning their first postseason victory since Super Bowl XX. A week later, Chicago was routed 28–3 by the San Francisco 49ers. This was the Bears' last appearance in the NFC Championship Game until 2006.


1988 Chicago Bruisers season
The 1988 Chicago Bruisers season was the second season for the Chicago Bruisers. The Bruisers finished 10–1–1 and lost ArenaBowl I to the Detroit Drive.


1988 Chicago Bruisers season, Roster
Rookies in italics updated February 25, 201329 Active, 0 Inactive, 0 PS


1988 Chicago Cubs season
The 1988 Chicago Cubs season was the 117th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 113th in the National League and the 73rd at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fourth in the National League East with a record of 77–85, 24 games behind the New York Mets.


1988 Chicago Cubs season
The first game under lights at Wrigley Field was on August 8 (8/8/88), against the Philadelphia Phillies. With the Cubs leading 3–1, in the middle of the 4th inning, a powerful thunderstorm rolled in. The game was suspended, and finally called at 10:25PM. Since the rules of Major League Baseball state that a game is not official unless 5 innings are completed, the first official night game in the history of Wrigley Field was played on August 9, when the Cubs defeated the New York Mets 6 to 4.


1988 Chicago Cubs season, Regular season
President of the United States Ronald Reagan threw out the ceremonial first pitch on Opening Day at Wrigley Field.


1988 Chicago Cubs season, Regular season
After 5,687 consecutive day games played by the Cubs at Wrigley, the lights were finally lit on August 8, 1988, when 91-year-old fan Harry Grossman gave a countdown and pressed a button, for a game with the Philadelphia Phillies. The game began before an announced crowd of 39,008. The Cubs were leading 3 to 1 and coming to bat in the bottom of the fourth when the rain delay began. The umpires called the game after waiting two hours, ten minutes. The Cubs played the first official night game the following night against the Mets and won, 6–4.


1988 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1988 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1988 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1988 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1988 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1988 Chicago Marathon
The 1988 Chicago Marathon was the 11th running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on October 30. The elite men's race was won by Mexico's Alejandro Cruz in a time of 2:08:57 hours and the women's race was won by America's Lisa Rainsberger in 2:29:17. It marked the return of the marathon distance at the competition, following a half marathon in 1987 due to sponsorship issues. A total of 5795 runners finished the race, a drop of over 2000 from the previous marathon-length outing in 1986.


1988 Chicago White Sox season
The 1988 Chicago White Sox season was the White Sox's 89th season. They finished with a record 71-90, good enough for 5th place in the American League West, 32.5 games behind of the 1st place Oakland Athletics.


1988 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases


1988 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts


1988 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1988 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State University during the 1988 NCAA Division II football season. Chico State competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference in 1988.


1988 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1988 Wildcats were led by fifth-year head coach Mike Bellotti. They played home games at University Stadium in Chico, California. Chico State finished the season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3–7, 3–2 NCAC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 205–231 for the season. This was the last season for Bellotti as head coach. In his five years at the helm, Chico State compiled a record of 21–25–2, a .458 winning percentage. Bellotti would later become the head coach for the Oregon Ducks.


1988 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL
No Chico State players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite
The 1988 Chilean national plebiscite was a national referendum held on 5 October 1988 to determine whether Chile's de facto leader, Augusto Pinochet, should extend his rule for another eight years through 1996. The "No" side won with nearly 56% of the vote, thus ending Pinochet's fifteen and a half years in power.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite
The fact that the dictatorship respected the results is attributed to pressure from big business, the international community and unease with extended rule by Pinochet within the dictatorship.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Background
Army General Augusto Pinochet took power on 11 September 1973 in a coup d'état which deposed the democratically elected Socialist President Salvador Allende. This coup was also backed by the United States. Allende killed himself as the presidential palace was being bombarded. A military junta — led by Pinochet, Air Force General Gustavo Leigh, Navy Admiral José Toribio Merino, and Carabinero Chief General César Mendoza — was sworn in the same evening. The following day, the four drafted an official document suspending the 1925 constitution and Congress and establishing the Junta as the country's supreme authority.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Background
Pinochet was designated as its first president, and the four verbally agreed to rotate the office. Shortly after, the Junta established an advisory committee, which Pinochet was successful in staffing with Army officers loyal to himself. One of their first recommendations was to discard the idea of a rotating presidency, arguing it would create too many administrative problems and lead to confusion. In March 1974, six months after the Junta's establishment, Pinochet verbally attacked the Christian Democratic Party and stated that there was no set timetable for a return to civilian rule. On 18 December 1974 Pinochet was declared Supreme Leader of the nation. After that date, the junta functioned strictly as a legislative body until the return to democracy in 1990.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Background
On 24 September 1973, a commission was set up by the junta to draw up a blueprint for a new constitution. By 5 October 1978, the commission had finished its work. During the next two years, the proposal was studied by the Council of State presided by former president Jorge Alessandri, and in July 1980 it submitted a Constitution draft to Pinochet and the Junta. A constitutional referendum, regarded as "highly irregular" and forthrightly "fraudulent" by some observers, took place on 11 September 1980, in which the new constitution was approved by 67% of voters.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Background
The Constitution, which took effect on 11 March 1981, established a "transition period," during which Pinochet would continue to exercise executive power and the Junta legislative power, for the next eight years. Before that period ended, a candidate for President was to be proposed by the Commanders-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and Carabinero Chief General for the following period of eight years. The candidate was to be ratified by registered voters in a national plebiscite. On 30 August 1988 Pinochet was declared to be the candidate.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Background
During the last years of the dictatorship the commanders-in-chief of the Navy, Air Force and Carabineros disassociated themselves from Pinochet, expressing their wishes that a civilian should represent the regime in the 1988 plebiscite. Pinochet however imposed himself as candidate.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Plebiscite
The plebiscite —as detailed in the 1980 Constitution— consisted of two choices:


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
The campaign is regarded, along with the registration process, as one of the key factors that led to the victory of the No side in the plebiscite.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
For the first time in the history of Chile, both options were guaranteed free electoral advertising spaces—franjas—of 15 minutes each, late at night or early in the morning. (There were similar spaces in prime time, but only for the government). They were first broadcast on 5 September, at 11 pm, just one month before the referendum. In a short time the spots prepared by the No side were seen to be better, despite the Yes side creating a more elaborate campaign devised by an Argentinian advertising agency and with the assistance of the Chilean Armed Forces. The Minister of the Interior Sergio Fernández, one of the main coordinators of the official campaign, said:


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
The (campaign) results were poor. In a few days nobody could ignore the evident technical superiority of the No campaign: superior in argumentation, superior in filming, superior in music. Its signature tune, with the slogan "La alegría ya viene" (Joy is coming) as its main element, was so catchy that even the Yes campaign creatives hummed it during their brainstorming sessions.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
The No side used a rainbow as its main symbol, with the intention of symbolising the plural views of the opposition (each member party had its own colour depicted in the rainbow) and, at the same time, the hope of a better Chile and a more prosperous future. Their campaign, directed by American and Chilean advertising men, combined both criticism (including testimony by victims of torture and relatives of disappeared people during the dictatorship) and optimism, highlighting that the No option did not mean returning to the socialist system of former President Salvador Allende, but the re-establishment of democracy.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
This idea was supported by the appearance of right-wing leaders standing for No. A popular jingle was composed, with the main slogan of the campaign, "Chile, la alegría ya viene" (Chile, joy is on its way), and both Chilean and international celebrities, such as Patricio Bañados (renowned journalist banned from TV by the Junta), Sting, Jane Fonda, Richard Dreyfuss, Sara Montiel, Robert Blake, Paloma San Basilio and Christopher Reeve starred in the No spots. One advert featured a middle-aged woman describing her experience of being kidnapped and tortured after the 1973 coup, and advocating a no vote, followed by her son Carlos Caszely, one of Chile's top footballers of the 1970s and 1980s, and a critic of the Pinochet regime.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
The Yes campaign had two main goals: creating fear amongst voters by reminding them of the chaotic situation of Chile in 1973, with the consequent coup d'état (a background blamed on supporters of the No side), and improving the general perception of Augusto Pinochet, regarded by the public as an arrogant and authoritarian leader.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
The spots included jingles with lyrics supportive of the Junta and songs that were close to promoting a cult of personality around Pinochet, such as the main campaign anthem, "Un horizonte de esperanza" (A Horizon of Hope) or a Rapa Nui folk song, "Iorana, Presidente" (Hello, President).


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
In its early stages the campaign put its focus on the economic success achieved by the government, but when this failed to appeal to viewers, the strategy followed was to introduce biased criticism of the No adverts and the publication of polls that showed massive support for Pinochet, and a new look of the programmes starting in the 18 September broadcast, with the new format almost identical to those of the No – a presenter, Hernán Serrano, introduced each topic, and more testimonies were added.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, The campaign
Both sides called for massive rallies: on 22 September the No side started the March of Joy (Marcha de la alegría), which lasted 10 days and joined supporters from the northernmost and southernmost cities of Chile in Santiago. These rallies were often stopped by the Carabineros or the secret police on claimed suspicion of possible attacks, or for no stated reason, and the demonstrators were attacked by armed pro-Yes supporters without the police taking any action. On 2 October the Yes campaign called for a huge rally in downtown Santiago. The rallies had different coverage by the news media, which struggled to show more Chileans standing for the Yes side than for the No, and were considered to be too close to the Yes campaign.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Electorate
Voting was open to persons who were aged 18 or over on the day of the election, and were either Chilean citizens or foreigners who had resided legally in Chile for at least five years. Only those registered in the electoral roll could vote, but registration was not compulsory. Voting was mandatory for registered Chilean citizens.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Aftermath
In the wake of his electoral defeat, Pinochet convened a meeting of his junta at La Moneda, in which he requested that they give him extraordinary powers to have the military seize the capital. Air Force General Fernando Matthei refused, saying that he would not agree to such a thing under any circumstances, and the rest of the junta followed this stance, on grounds that Pinochet already had his turn and lost. Matthei would later become the first member of the junta to publicly admit that Pinochet had lost the plebiscite. Without any support from the junta, Pinochet was forced to accept the result.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Aftermath
The other junta members, who had preferred a civilian to run for president instead of Pinochet, regarded the result as Pinochet's personal defeat.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Aftermath
Pinochet and opposition forces agreed to revise the 1980 Constitution. The 54 proposed amendments were approved by 91% of voters in a referendum on 30 July 1989. Presidential and parliamentary elections took place as scheduled on 14 December 1989. The opposition candidate, Christian Democrat Patricio Aylwin, won the election with 55% of the vote, and took office on 11 March 1990. The newly elected Congress was sworn in the same day.


1988 Chilean national plebiscite, Popular culture
The 2012 film No presented a fictionalized account of the "No" television campaign. It was the first Chilean film nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 85th Academy Awards.


1988 Chilean telethon
The 1988 Chilean telethon was the eighth version of the solidarity campaign conducted in Chile, which took place on 2 and 3 December 1988. The theme of this version was "It's Everybody's Task," and the official theme song Soy tu amigo (I'm your friend), was sung by Miguel Zabaleta and Cecilia Echenique. The poster boy was Rodrigo Caceres, who is remembered for having memorized all the companies sponsoring the event.


1988 Chilean telethon
The morning newscast was in charge of Radio Cooperativa, they therefore resorted to the announcer Sergio Campos, for the first time, on television. He read the news as if he was in a radio studio. One of the stories of this edition was that the children's section of the programme was issued fully recorded, unlike previous years.


1988 Chilean telethon
This campaign initially seemed likely to fail, the slowness of the Chileans to donate made the program directors lengthen the schedule by about 1 hour, thus giving time to reach the goal at 0030 on Sunday, 4 December. The amount collected was: CL$ 525,801,100 later after the telethon ended the figure of CL$  711,712,019 was reached


1988 Chilean telethon
The telethon was held two months after the well-remembered and historic plebiscite of 5 October that year and was the last telethon which took place under the military government of Augusto Pinochet.


1988 Chinese Jia-A League, Overview
It was contested by 21 teams, and Liaoning F.C. won the championship.


1988 Chinese Taipei National Football League
Statistics of Chinese Taipei National Football League in the 1988 season.


1988 Chittagong massacre
Chittagong massacre refers to a massacre of opposition activists in Chittagong on January 24 of 1988. The activists of Awami League who were rallying in the streets of Chittagong that day were attacked by the police during the regime of autocratic ruler Hussain Muhammad Ershad. The then Chittagong Metropolitan Police Commissioner Mirza Rakibul Huda ordered the police to open fire on the rally that left at least 24 people dead.


1988 Chittagong massacre
The official statement from the government estimated that nine people were killed that day. On the other hand, Sheikh Hasina the chief of Bangladesh Awami League claimed that 33 of its activists were shot dead in that massacre.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Background
Hussain Muhammad Ershad, the Chief of Staff of Bangladesh Army in 1982, forced Justice Abdus Sattar, the elected President of People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1982, to resign from his office on March 24 of 1982. Ershad took over the power as the Chief Martial Law Administrator of Bangladesh and suspended the constitution that day. He turned the de facto ruler of Bangladesh.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Background
Hussain Muhammad Ershad held an election on May 7 of 1986. Initially Bangladesh Awami League declared the election as an illegal one and Ershad an autocratic ruler. In her March 17 rally of 1986 at Laldighi of Chittagong, Sheikh Hasina said:


1988 Chittagong massacre, Background
We have no plan to participate in the upcoming poll. Those who will participate in this poll will be declared 'national betrayer'.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Background
But eventually Bangladesh Awami League participated in the election of May 7 and lost to Ershad's Bangladesh Jatiya Party. Sheikh Hasina managed to win in three constituencies. Later on October 15 of the same year Ershad was elected as the President of Bangladesh through a manipulated election.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Background
Enraged Bangladesh Awami League later on August 29, 1987, refused to hold any talk with Ershad and locked itself in several clashes with the government. On November 10 of 1987, the police in Dhaka opened fire on the opposition activists that left Bangladesh Awami League activist Nur Hossain dead. The incident added fuel in the fire and compelled Ershad to suspend the parliament on December 6, 1987.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Background
Ershad in 1988 declared to hold an election on March 4 to legitimize his rule. Bangladesh Nationalist Party led Seven Party Alliance, Awami League led Eight Party Alliance and the leftist Five Party Alliance who were on the streets against the autocratic rule of Ershad decided to boycott the election and were holding frequent rallies to foil the election.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Events
On January 24 of 1988, Sheikh Hasina with a couple of Awami League bigwigs arrived the second largest city of Bangladesh, Chittagong in morning.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Events
Later she spoke in a public gathering organized by Chittagong metropolitan Awami League at Laldighi of the city in front of a large crowd. After the meeting Sheikh Hasina in a truck, was leading a procession in the streets of Chittagong.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Events
Her rally was interrupted in front of Kotwali intersection of the city. Police barricaded the road in front of Kotwali Police Station. When the crowd tried to remove the barricade and move ahead, the Chittagong Metropolitan Police Commissioner Mirza Rakibul Huda ordered his force to open fire upon the crowd instantly.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Events
The indiscriminate firing of police took the life of at least 24 people that day. Hundreds of people were injured. Sheikh Hasina escaped the attack as a number of activists surrounded her and formed a human wall around her. Amid repeated request from Sheikh Hasina to stop firing, police did not pay any heed.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Events
The purview of the massacre were around Muslim Institute, KC Dey Road, Nandakanan, Amtola and Court Building area.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Events
Inspector Govinda Chandra Mandal, Constable Pradeep Barua, Constable Momtazuddin, Constable Mostafizur Rahman, Constable Shah Abdullah, Constable Bashir Ahmed, Constable Abdus Salam are among others who took part and led the massacre.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Aftermath
Almost five years of the massacre Shahidul Huda, a lawyer, filed a murder case against 46 perpetrators including the Chittagong Metropolitan Police Commissioner Mirza Rakibul Huda in 1992.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Aftermath
In 1996, CID of Police were given the charge to investigate the case. CID submitted a charge sheet on 12 December 1997. A complementary charge sheet was filed on December 3 of 1998. On May 9 of 2000, the court framed charge against eight of the 46 suspects. All of them were police. Among the convicts, Inspector Govinda Chandra Mandal remained absconding since the case was filed. Other convicts were released on bail in 2003. Constable Bashir Ahmed and Constable Abdus Salam died natural death.


1988 Chittagong massacre, Aftermath
The families who lost their beloved in this massacre were denied justice till date. Not a single witness of the massacre attend the court proceeding from 2010 to 2015.


1988 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1988 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bearcats, led by head coach Dave Currey, participated as independent and played their home games at Nippert Stadium.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season
The 1988 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team's 21st year in professional football and its 19th with the National Football League.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season
After coming off a disappointing 1987 season, the Bengals tied for the best record in the NFL in 1988, secured home-field advantage throughout the playoffs, and won the AFC Championship, appearing in Super Bowl XXIII.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season
The Bengals went 8-0 at home in 1988. On the road, the Bengals were 4-4.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season
The 1988 Bengals were featured in the NFL Films series The Missing Rings, being included as one of the five best teams in NFL history not to have won the Super Bowl.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
During the strike-shortened 1987 season, quarterback Boomer Esiason and head coach Sam Wyche had openly feuded, and the team finished with a miserable 4–11 record. Esiason and Wyche worked out their differences in the off-season. In 1988 Esiason ended up having the best season of his career en route to Super Bowl XXIII. During the regular season, he threw for 3,572 yards and 28 touchdown passes with only 14 interceptions, while also rushing for 248 yards and a touchdown on 43 carries. Esiason's performance made him the top rated quarterback in the league with a 97.4 passer rating and earned him the NFL Most Valuable Player Award.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
Cincinnati had a number of offensive weapons, boasting 6 Pro Bowl selections. Wide receiver Eddie Brown was the top receiver on the team, with 54 receptions for 1,273 yards and 9 touchdowns, setting franchise records for most receiving yards in season, highest yards per catch average in a season (24.0) and most receiving yards in a single game (216 against the Pittsburgh Steelers). Wide receiver Tim McGee and Pro Bowl tight end Rodney Holman were also major threats, combining for 75 receptions, 1,213 yards, and 9 touchdowns.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
Rookie fullback Ickey Woods was Cincinnati's top rusher with 1,066 yards and 15 touchdowns, while also catching 21 passes for 199 yards. Woods gained a lot of media attention with his "Ickey Shuffle", a dance routine he did in the end zone to celebrate his touchdowns. Multi-talented running back James Brooks was also a key contributor, gaining a total of 1,218 combined rushing and receiving yards and 14 touchdowns.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
The Bengals' offensive line was led by such Pro Bowl players as right guard Max Montoya and left tackle Anthony Muñoz. Muñoz was named the NFL Offensive Lineman of the Year for the third time in his career, and was selected to play in the Pro Bowl for the 8th consecutive season. The Bengals' pioneering use of the Hurry-up offense was perfected that year, making it difficult for defenders to respond to plays and make proper substitutions. With all these weapons, Cincinnati's offense led the NFL in scoring (448 points), rushing yards (2,710), and total yards (6,302).


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
The Bengals defense ranked 17th in the league, allowing 5,556 yards and 329 points during the regular season. Cincinnati had a superb defensive line, led by Pro Bowl defensive tackle Tim Krumrie, along with linemen Jim Skow (9.5 sacks), David Grant (5 sacks), and Jason Buck (6 sacks). Pro Bowl defensive backs Eric Thomas and David Fulcher combined for 12 interceptions. The team ended up winning the AFC Central with a 12 – 4 record.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
The Bengals would get off to a fast start, coming from behind to beat the Phoenix Cardinals 21-14, and then they would sweep a 2-week road trip in Pennsylvania, coming from behind to beat the Philadelphia Eagles 28-24 and the Pittsburgh Steelers 17-12 in weeks 2 and 3. The Bengals would then beat the Cleveland Browns at home 24-17 to start 4-0 for the first time since 1975.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
The Bengals would then thump the Raiders in Los Angeles 45-21 (the Bengals first road win against the Raiders in 9 tries), and then would beat the New York Jets 36-19 at home to start 6-0, tying the franchise best start to a season at the time. In week 7 the New England Patriots would provide the Bengals with their first loss of the season, 21-27. Boomer threw for 5 interceptions which was featured on Showtimes Inside the NFL season 10 episode 12.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
In week 10, the Bengals destroyed the Pittsburgh Steelers 42-7 at home to set the records in the series for largest margin of victory and most points scored by one team in the series. It would also be the first of 3 straight season sweeps of the Steelers for the Bengals.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
In week 14, the Bengals beat the Buffalo Bills 35-21, handing Buffalo only their second loss of the season. The Bills had come into the game with an 11-1 record and the overall best record in the NFL.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Season summary
In the seasons final week, the Bengals came from behind to beat the defending Super Bowl Champions, the Washington Redskins, 20-17 in overtime to clinch the AFC Central and the 1 seed in the AFC. The game was won on a Jim Breech field goal.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Super Bowl XXIII
The AFC Champion Bengals were to play the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XXIII. However, they suffered a massive blow before the game was even played. On the evening of January 21, 1989, the night before the game, Stanley Wilson told the coaching staff that he had left his playbook in his hotel room before the final team meeting. When he was fifteen minutes late, his position coach, Jim Anderson, looked for Wilson. Anderson found Wilson crumpled on the bathroom floor of his hotel room with cocaine next to him.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Super Bowl XXIII
Later that night, he slipped away from a Bengal staffer who was watching him and got more cocaine. No one from the Bengals heard from him again until the day after the game. Unfortunately for Cincinnati, they had no choice but to leave Wilson off the roster, which may have contributed to their loss to San Francisco, in part due to the number of short yardage situations they faced throughout the game.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Super Bowl XXIII
Tim Krumrie may perhaps be best known for suffering one of the most dramatic football injuries ever televised, a shattered leg during Super Bowl XXIII. Although it was reported at the time and widely believed that his foot caught in the grass, causing the break, a Cincinnati videographer had the best angle, and the breaks to Krumrie's leg occurred when San Francisco running back Roger Craig's knee smashed through both lower leg bones. Krumrie suffered two breaks in his tibia and another in his fibula.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Divisional
Seattle's defense completely shut down Bengals quarterback Boomer Esiason, the NFL's top rated quarterback and MVP during the season, limiting him to just 7 of 19 completions for 108 yards. But they were unable to contain Cincinnati on the ground. The Bengals recorded 254 rushing yards (126 of them and a touchdown from fullback Ickey Woods), while holding the Seahawks to 22.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Divisional
Cincinnati jumped to a 21–0 halftime lead with Woods' score and two from running back Stanley Wilson. Meanwhile, the Seahawks could only manage 47 total yards in the first half. But after a scoreless third quarter, Seattle attempted a comeback. First, quarterback Dave Krieg threw a 7-yard touchdown pass to John L. Williams, who finished the game with 11 receptions for 137 yards. Then Krieg scored on a 1-yard quarterback sneak. However, Norm Johnson missed the extra point attempt and Seattle was unable to score again.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, AFC Championship
The Bengals forced 3 interceptions, and allowed only 45 rushing yards and 136 passing yards, while their offense held the ball for 39:29. Bills starting running back Thurman Thomas was held to just 6 yards on 4 carries, while quarterback Jim Kelly completed only 14 of 30 passes for 161 yards and 1 touchdown, with 3 interceptions. Just like their previous game, the Bengals didn't get much of a performance from NFL MVP Boomer Esiason, who completed only 11 of 20 passes for 94 yards, with 1 touchdown and 2 interceptions. But once again, their running game was able to pick up the slack, gaining 175 yards on the ground, 102 yards and 2 touchdowns coming from fullback Ickey Woods.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, AFC Championship
Cincinnati took a 7–0 lead in the first quarter after defensive back Eric Thomas' interception set up Woods' 1-yard touchdown. Kelly led the Bills back with 4 consecutive completions, the last one a 9-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Andre Reed. Then after forcing a punt, Buffalo drove to the Bengals 26-yard line, only to have Scott Norwood miss a 43-yard field goal attempt. Following another punt, Kelly was intercepted again, this time by defensive back Lewis Billups, and the Bengals capitalized with running back James Brooks' 10-yard touchdown reception from Esiason. Later on, Bills defensive back Mark Kelso intercepted a pass from Esiason and returned it 25 yards, setting up a 39-yard field goal by Norwood to cut the Bills deficit to 14–10 by halftime.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, AFC Championship
The Bengals took over the game in the second half, forcing Buffalo to start all of their drives from inside their own 23-yard line and holding them to 53 yards, 2 first downs, and 0 points. Late in the third quarter, Bengals running back Stanley Wilson gained 6 yards on a fake punt attempt, and Cincinnati drove to score on Woods' second touchdown of the game, increasing their lead to 21–10. The Bills responded with a drive into Bengals territory, but safety David Fulcher picked off a desperate fourth down pass from Kelly in the end zone.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, AFC Championship
This was the last time the Bengals defeated the Bills until Week 4 of the 2011 season. The Bills would go on to win 10 straight against them.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
The game started out with devastating injuries on both sides. On the third play of the game, 49ers tackle Steve Wallace was taken off the field with a broken ankle. Later on, Bengals defensive lineman Tim Krumrie twisted his ankle nearly 180 degrees, shattering two bones in his left leg. Although it was reported at the time and widely believed that his foot caught in the grass, causing the break, a Cincinnati videographer had the best angle, and the breaks to Krumrie's leg occurred when San Francisco running back Roger Craig's knee smashed through both lower leg bones. Krumrie suffered two breaks in his tibia and another in his fibula.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
After the two teams traded punts on their first drives of the game, the 49ers, aided by a roughing the passer penalty and a 17-yard screen pass to Tom Rathman on 3rd-and-10, marched 73 yards from their own 3-yard line to the Bengals 24. But dropped passes, including one by receiver Mike Wilson on the 2-yard line (the first time in a Super Bowl that instant replay was used to reverse a call), forced them to settle for a 41-yard field goal from kicker Mike Cofer.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
On the 49ers next drive, Montana threw a pass to wide receiver Jerry Rice, who first tipped it to himself and then made a one-handed catch before stepping out of bounds at the San Francisco 45-yard line. Then after reaching the Cincinnati 42-yard line, Montana spotted defensive back Lewis Billups trying to cover Rice one-on-one and made him pay for it by completing a pass to the receiver at the 10.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
But two plays later on a third down play, Bengals safety David Fulcher made a touchdown saving tackle at the 2-yard line to keep full back Tom Rathman from scoring. Cofer then attempted a 19-yard field goal, but a poor snap from center Randy Cross (though NBC's Dick Enberg initially blamed backup guard Chuck Thomas; who lined up next to Cross) threw off the kicker's timing and his kick sailed wide left. It became the shortest missed field goal in Super Bowl history.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
The 49ers then forced the Bengals to punt on their next drive. On the play, San Francisco Pro Bowl punt returner John Taylor misplayed punter Lee Johnson's kick, and it sailed over his head, bouncing all the way to the 49ers 9-yard line to make it a Super Bowl record 63-yard punt. But Taylor made up for his mistake by chasing the ball down and returning it for a Super Bowl record 45 yards to the Bengals 46-yard line. Thanks to Taylor, a seemingly routine punt had turned into a double record setter.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
However, the 49ers were unable to take advantage of their excellent starting field position. On first down, running back Harry Sydney fumbled a pitch from Montana and was downed for a 10-yard loss after he dove on the ball. On the next play, Montana was sacked by defensive lineman David Grant. Then on third down, Fulcher forced a fumble from 49ers running back Roger Craig, and Bengals defensive end Jim Skow recovered the ball on his own 41-yard line.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
Cincinnati then drove to the San Francisco 42-yard line, but after 2 incomplete passes and defensive end Danny Stubbs's 8-yard sack on Bengals quarterback Boomer Esiason, they were forced to punt. However, Johnson pinned the 49ers back at their own 11-yard line with his punt. Then the Cincinnati defense limited the 49ers to just 1 yard on their ensuing drive, and ended up with great field position after defensive back Ray Horton returned San Francisco punter Barry Helton's 37-yard punt 5 yards to the 49ers 44-yard line


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
On their ensuing drive, the Bengals managed to get into scoring range by driving 28 yards to the San Francisco 16-yard line, assisted by an 18-yard completion from Esiason to receiver Tim McGee. But after Esiason's third down pass intended to wide receiver Eddie Brown was overthrown, they were forced to settle for kicker Jim Breech's 34-yard field goal with 1:15 left in the half.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
The two teams went into their locker rooms tied 3 – 3, the first halftime tie in Super Bowl history, and the lowest halftime score since the Pittsburgh Steelers took a 2 – 0 halftime lead over the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IX.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
On their opening possession in the second half, the Bengals managed to get a sustained drive going, moving the ball 61 yards in 12 plays and taking 9:15 off the clock.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
Esiason, who completed only 4 of 12 passes for 48 yards in the first half, completed 3 of 4 passes for 54 yards on the drive, including a 20-yard completion to James Brooks and 23-yard and 11-yard completions to Cris Collinsworth, setting up a 43-yard field goal from Breech to give the Bengals their first lead of the game, 6–3. Cincinnati then forced San Francisco to punt, but on the first play of their next drive, 49ers rookie linebacker Bill Romanowski intercepted a pass from Esiason at the Bengals' 23-yard line. However, after a dropped pass by Jerry Rice, the 49ers offense could not get a first down, and they had to settle for Cofer's 32-yard field goal to tie the game.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
With less than a minute left in the third quarter, it appeared that this would become the first Super Bowl ever to go 3 quarters without either team scoring a touchdown. But on the ensuing kickoff, Bengals kick returner Stanford Jennings returned the ball 93 yards for a touchdown to give the Bengals a 13 – 6 lead. Jennings would be the second player to return a kickoff for a touchdown in Super Bowl history. In four games played at Joe Robbie Stadium, each game had a kickoff return for a score, all by the eventual losing team.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
But the 49ers immediately responded with a touchdown of their own, on an 85-yard, 4-play drive. First, Montana threw a short pass to Jerry Rice, who turned it into a 31-yard gain. Then the San Francisco quarterback completed a 40-yard pass to Craig on the first play of the 4th quarter, moving the ball to the Bengals 14-yard line. Montana's next pass was nearly intercepted but dropped by Billips in the endzone. Montana then threw a 14-yard touchdown pass to Rice, and the game was tied, 13 – 13.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
Cofer's ensuing kickoff went out of bounds, giving the Bengals the ball at their own 35-yard line. But they could only reach the 43-yard line before being forced to punt. Taylor nearly turned the ball over by fumbling Johnson's punt, but his teammate Darryl Pollard recovered the ball at the San Francisco 18-yard line. On the first play of the ensuing drive, Montana completed a 44-yard pass to Rice, and then Craig ran for 7 yards, moving the ball to the Bengals 31-yard line. But after Craig was tackled for a 1-yard loss on the next play, Fulcher broke up a third down pass intended for Taylor, and then Cofer's ensuing 49-yard field attempt sailed wide right.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
The Bengals took over from their own 32-yard line following the missed field goal, and retook the lead with a 10-play, 46-yard drive, featuring a 17-yard reception by backup receiver Ira Hillary on third down and 13, along with 21 yards on three carries from Ickey Woods and a 12-yard play-action sideline pass to James Brooks. At the end of the drive, Breech kicked a 40-yard field goal, giving the Bengals a 16–13 lead with 3:20 left in the game. The 49ers returned the ensuing kickoff to their own 15-yard line with 3:10 on the clock, but an illegal block penalty on the play pushed the ball back half the distance to the goal line to the 8.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
Montana then led an 11-play, 92-yard drive to score the winning touchdown. In order to calm his teammates in the huddle just before the final game-winning drive, Montana pointed into the stadium crowd and said "Hey, isn't that John Candy?" The moment worked, and the 49ers were able to drive down the field for the win. It became the defining moment of Montana's "Joe Cool" reputation.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
Assuming that the Bengals would expect him to throw the ball near the sidelines (to enable the receivers to step out of bounds to immediately stop the clock), Montana first threw a pair of completions in the middle of the field, one to Craig and one to tight end John Frank. His next pass went 7 yards to Rice, which was then followed up by a pair of runs by Craig to reach their own 35-yard line. Montana then completed a 17-yard pass to Rice to advance the team to the Bengals 48-yard line, and followed it up with a 13-yard completion to Craig to move them to the 35-yard line.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
But on the next play, Montana threw his first incomplete pass of the drive. After that, Cross committed an illegal man downfield penalty, which at the time was a 10-yard foul, moving the ball back to the 45-yard line and bringing up second down and 20 to go with just 1:15 left in the game. But Montana overcame the situation on the next play with a 27-yard completion to Rice, who caught the ball at the 33, evaded 3 Bengal defenders, and ran to the 18-yard line before Rickey Dixon managed to tackle him to prevent a touchdown.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Playoffs, Super Bowl
An 8-yard pass to Craig then advanced San Francisco to the 10-yard line. Then with 39 seconds left in the game, Montana finished the drive with a 10-yard touchdown pass to Taylor, giving the 49ers the lead for good. Finally, San Francisco's defense sealed the victory after Esiason's pass to Collinsworth was broken up as time expired.


1988 Cincinnati Bengals season, Awards and records
The most 100-yard rushing games in a Bengals season is seven, during the 12–4 season of 1988. Ickey Woods had five while James Brooks had two. Ickey Woods set the franchise record for most rushing yards in a postseason game when he rumbled for 126 yards in Cincinnati's 21–13 victory over Seattle in the AFC Divisional Playoffs (Dec. 31).


1988 Cincinnati Open
The 1988 Cincinnati Open (Also known as the Thriftway ATP Championships and 1988 Pringles Light Classic for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason, Ohio, United States that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix and 1988 WTA Tour. The women's draw was held from August 1 through August 7, while the men's draw was held from August 15 through August 21, 1988.


1988 Cincinnati Open, Finals, Men's Doubles
Rick Leach /  Jim Pugh defeated  Jim Grabb /  Patrick McEnroe, 6–2, 6–4


1988 Cincinnati Open, Finals, Women's Doubles
Beth Herr /  Candy Reynolds defeated  Lindsay Bartlett /  Helen Kelesi, 6–2, 6–4


1988 Cincinnati Open – Men's Singles
Stefan Edberg was the defending champion, but lost to Mats Wilander in the final 6–3, 6–7, 6–7.


1988 Cincinnati Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season
The Cincinnati Reds' 1988 season marked the last of four consecutive winning seasons for the Reds, all of which resulted in second place finishes in the National League West. Led by manager Pete Rose, the Reds finished with the best record of these four seasons at 87 wins and 74 losses, but finished seven games back of the eventual World Series champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The 1988 season would be Pete Rose's last full season as Reds manager.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Danny Jackson became the last pitcher to win at least 20 games in one season for the Reds in the 20th Century. The 1988 season also marked the final season for the gifted Shortstop, Dave Concepción, an integral member of the Big Red Machine of the 1970s in which he played the last of 19 years with the club.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Suspension of Pete Rose
The stage was set in a dramatic end of a home game on April 30 against the New York Mets, in which the score was tied 5–5 leading into the ninth inning. The game had been contentious throughout, with two hit batsman and a bench-clearing brawl in the seventh inning that resulted in the ejections of both Tom Browning and Darryl Strawberry.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Suspension of Pete Rose
With the Mets batting with two outs in the top of the ninth, Mookie Wilson hit a ground ball to shortstop Barry Larkin, whose throw to first base was wide and pulled first baseman Nick Esasky's foot from the bag. First-base umpire Dave Pallone, who'd long been seen as unfair by the Reds, hesitated before making a delayed safe call. Esasky, waiting for the call, failed to make a throw to the plate on Howard Johnson's attempt to score from second base. Johnson's bold baserunning proved to be the difference and stood as the game-winning run for the Mets.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Suspension of Pete Rose
A furious Pete Rose rushed from the dugout, vehemently arguing the call. Rose later claimed that Pallone hit him in the cheek with his finger, prompting Rose to shove Pallone twice with his shoulder and forearm knocking him backward. Rose was then ejected and had to be restrained by his own coaches. At the same time, fans in the stadium began showering the field with debris, at which time Pallone left the field with the players retreating to the dugouts.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Suspension of Pete Rose
After a nearly 15-minute suspension of play, the game was resumed with the remaining three umpires. National League president A. Bartlett Giamatti suspended Rose for thirty days, which was the longest suspension ever levied for an on-field incident involving a manager. Rose was also fined. In addition, Reds radio announcers Marty Brennaman and Joe Nuxhall were criticized for inciting the fan response with what were characterized by "inflammatory and completely irresponsible remarks". At the time, especially given Brennaman's and Nuxhall's iconic status in Cincinnati, it was common for spectators at ballparks to listen to their teams' radio broadcasts using portable radios.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, All-Star Game
The 1988 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 59th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 12, 1988, at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati, the home of the Cincinnati Reds of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 2-1.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, The Perfect Game
Tom Browning pitching a perfect game on September 16, 1988 against the Los Angeles Dodgers.


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1988 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1988 Citibank Open
The 1988 Citibank Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Itaparica, Brazil that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the third edition of the tournament and took place from 21 November through 27 November 1988. Unseeded Jaime Yzaga won the singles title.


1988 Citibank Open, Finals, Doubles
Sergio Casal /  Emilio Sánchez defeated  Jorge Lozano /  Todd Witsken 7–6, 7–6


1988 Citizen Cup
The 1988 Citizen Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, West Germany and was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1988 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from July 25 through July 31, 1988. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her second consecutive at the event, and earned $40,000 first-prize money.


1988 Citizen Cup, Finals, Doubles
Jana Novotná /  Tine Scheuer-Larsen defeated  Andrea Betzner /  Judith Wiesner 6–4, 6–2


1988 Citizen Cup – Doubles
Claudia Kohde-Kilsch and Jana Novotná were the defending champions but only Novotná competed that year with Tine Scheuer-Larsen.


1988 Citizen Cup – Doubles
Novotná and Scheuer-Larsen won in the final 6–4, 6–2 against Andrea Betzner and Judith Wiesner.


1988 Citizen Cup – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. The top four seeded teams received byes into the second round.


1988 Citizen Cup – Singles
Steffi Graf was the defending champion and won in the final 6–4, 6–2 against Katerina Maleeva.


1988 Citizen Cup – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1988 City of Aberdeen District Council election
The 1988 City of Aberdeen Council election took place on 5 May 1988 to elect members of City of Aberdeen Council, as part of that years Scottish local elections.


1988 City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council election
The City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council elections were held on Thursday, 5 May 1988, with one third of the council up for election as well as vacancies in Eccleshill & Wyke to be elected. Labour lost control of the council to no overall control following numerous losses to the Conservatives.


1988 City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council election, Election result
This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:


1988 City of Dundee District Council election
The 1988 City of Dundee District Council election took place on 5 May 1988 to elect members of City of Dundee Council, as part of that year's Scottish local elections.


1988 City of Edinburgh District Council election
Elections for the City of Edinburgh District Council took place on Thursday 5 May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.


1988 City of Edinburgh District Council election
Labour had won control of the Council for the first time ever in the previous elections, and managed to retain its control. Voter turnout was 53.2%, up from 47.6% in the previous elections.


1988 City of Glasgow District Council election
Elections for the City of Glasgow District Council took place on Thursday 5 May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.


1988 City of Glasgow District Council election
Labour continued its control of the council whilst the Conservatives vote share continued to drop. Voter turnout was 42%, up from 40.3% in the previous election.


1988 City of Lincoln Council election
The 1988 City of Lincoln Council election took place on 5 May 1988. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of the council was up for election: the seats of which were last contested in 1984. The Labour Party retained control of the council.


1988 City of Lincoln Council election, Overall results
All comparisons in vote share are to the corresponding 1984 election.


1988 Clackmannan District Council election
Elections to the Clackmannan District Council took place in May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts. The number of seats and the total vote share won by each party is listed below.


1988 Classic (snooker)
The 1988 Mercantile Credit Classic was the ninth edition of the professional snooker tournament which took place from 1–10 January 1988. The tournament was played at the Norbreck Castle Hotel, Blackpool, Lancashire. Steve Davis won his fifth Classic title, beating John Parrott 13–11 in the final.


1988 Claxton Shield
The 1988 Claxton Shield was the 49th annual Claxton Shield. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales Patriots, Victoria Aces, Western Australia, Queensland Rams and Northern Territory. The series was won by Queensland claiming their fourth and second consecutive Shield title.


1988 Claxton Shield
The Helms Award was given to Tony Adamson from Western Australia while the Golden Arm was given to Adrian Meagher of Queensland and the batting award to Dave Nilsson of Queensland.


1988 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1988 Clemson Tigers football team represented Clemson University during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1988 Cleveland Browns season
The 1988 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 39th season with the National Football League.


1988 Cleveland Browns season
Despite taking the Browns to the playoffs for the fourth consecutive year, head coach Marty Schottenheimer was fired at the end of the 1988 season. He left the Browns having compiled a record of 44–27 (a 62% winning percentage) with the team. (Schottenheimer would later go through a similar scenario with the San Diego Chargers: they fired him after the 2006 season, during which the Chargers posted the best regular-season record in the NFL and then lost their first playoff game.)


1988 Cleveland Browns season
The Browns finished the season with a 10–6 record, tied for second place in the AFC Central with the Houston Oilers. The Browns were awarded second place by posting a better division record than the Oilers. The Browns clinched a playoff berth for the 4th straight season. In the playoffs, they lost to the Oilers in the Wild Card game, 24–23. As of 2020, this remains the last time the Browns swept the Steelers.


1988 Cleveland Browns season, Playoffs, AFC Wild Card Game
Oilers cornerback Richard Johnson's interception set up kicker Tony Zendejas' game-clinching 49-yard field goal with 1:54 left in the game. After the Browns scored first on a 33-yard field goal by Matt Bahr, Houston marched 91 yards to score on quarterback Warren Moon's 14-yard touchdown pass to running back Allen Pinkett. Then on Cleveland's next drive, Oilers defensive lineman Richard Byrd recovered quarterback Don Strock's fumble to set up Pinkett's 16-yard touchdown run. Bahr later made two field goals to cut Houston's lead, 14–9, before halftime.


1988 Cleveland Browns season, Playoffs, AFC Wild Card Game
In the third quarter, backup quarterback Mike Pagel, who replaced an injured Strock, threw a 14-yard touchdown completion to wide receiver Webster Slaughter to put the Browns ahead, 16–14. However, the Oilers marched on a 76-yard drive that was capped with running back Lorenzo White's 1-yard rushing touchdown. After Johnson's interception and Zendejas' subsequent game-clinching 49-yard field goal, Slaughter caught a 2-yard touchdown reception to close out the scoring.


1988 Cleveland Indians season
The 1988 Cleveland Indians season was the 88th season for the franchise. The team, managed by Doc Edwards, finished sixth in the American League East.


1988 Cleveland Indians season
Despite its mediocre season, the team had a significant legacy in Major League Baseball in the 21st century. Twenty-five years later, five of the 30 MLB managers at the start of the 2013 season were alumni of the 1988 Indians:


1988 Cleveland Indians season
The team also had players who became MLB Broadcasters, coaches, and front office executives:


1988 Clásica de San Sebastián
The 1988 Clásica de San Sebastián was the 8th edition of the Clásica de San Sebastián cycle race and was held on 13 August 1988. The race started and finished in San Sebastián. The race was won by Gert-Jan Theunisse of the PDM team.


1988 Coca-Cola 600
The 1988 Coca-Cola 600, the 29th running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on May 29, 1988 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Contested over 400 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) speedway, it was the 10th race of the 1988 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Darrell Waltrip of Hendrick Motorsports won the race.


1988 Coca-Cola 600, Background
Charlotte Motor Speedway is a motorsports complex located in Concord, North Carolina, United States 13 miles from Charlotte, North Carolina. The complex features a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) quad oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend and NASCAR All-Star Race, as well as the Oakwood Homes 500. The speedway was built in 1959 by Bruton Smith and is considered the home track for NASCAR with many race teams located in the Charlotte area. The track is owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports Inc. (SMI).


1988 Coca-Cola 600, Background
During the previous week’s All-Star Race IV, during the midst of a major tire war between Goodyear and Hoosier, two major incidents during the event were caused by Goodyear-related failures, one on Dale Earnhardt’s Chevrolet after finishing the first segment, which was repairable as the cars were slowing down, and one on Lap 23 of the second segment, which injured Ricky Rudd after his Buick had a tire failure and crashed, forcing him to a relief driver.


1988 Coca-Cola 600, Background
Goodyear withdrew their tires after practice when it was discovered that their compound had major issues following both the previous week’s race and the first practice, owing to concerns they may not last for the different conditions of the 600 compared to the previous week’s 202 mile All Star event. Only long-time loyalist Dave Marcis stayed with the brand, while the remaining teams switched to Hoosiers over safety concerns. Goodyear offered Daytona-spec tires for those who wanted them. But the situation worsened. Three drivers - Neil Bonnett, Harry Gant, and Rick Wilson - all were hospitalized with injuries following fire failures during the 600 on Hoosiers. Marcis had more durable but slower Goodyear tires and did not have failures during the race.


1988 Colchester Borough Council election
As part of the English local elections held on 5 May 1988, voting took place to elect councillors to Colchester Borough Council. The results are shown in the attached table.


1988 Colchester Borough Council election, Ward results, Wivenhoe
This Elections in England related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1988 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The 1988 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Colgate tied for third in the Colonial League.


1988 Colgate Red Raiders football team
In its first season under head coach Michael Foley, the team compiled a 2–9 record. Mike Cote and Matt Jaworski were the team captains.


1988 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The Red Raiders were outscored 271 to 169. Their 2–3 conference record placed Colgate in a three-way tie for third (and for next-to-last) in the six-team Colonial League standings.


1988 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The team played its home games at Andy Kerr Stadium in Hamilton, New York.


1988 College Baseball All-America Team
An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.


1988 College Baseball All-America Team
The NCAA recognizes two different All-America selectors for the 1988 college baseball season: the American Baseball Coaches Association (since 1947) and Baseball America (since 1981).


1988 College Football All-America Team
The 1988 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1988. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes five selectors as "official" for the 1988 season.


1988 College Football All-America Team
They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA); (2) the Associated Press (AP) selected based on the votes of sports writers at AP newspapers; (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA); (4) the United Press International (UPI) selected based on the votes of sports writers at UPI newspapers; and (5) the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WC). Other notable selectors included Football News, the Gannett News Service, Scripps Howard (SH), and The Sporting News (TSN).


1988 Colonial Athletic Association Baseball Tournament
The 1988 Colonial Athletic Association Baseball Tournament was held at The Diamond, home field of Richmond in Richmond, Virginia, from May 12 through May 15. The event determined the champion of the Colonial Athletic Association for the 1988 season. The winner of the tournament, second-seeded George Mason, earned the CAA's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1988 Colonial Athletic Association Baseball Tournament, Format and seeding
The CAA's six teams were seeded one to six based on winning percentage from the conference's round robin regular season. They played a double-elimination tournament with first round matchups of the top and bottom seeds, second and fifth seeds, and third and fourth seeds.


1988 Colonial Athletic Association Baseball Tournament, Most Valuable Player
John Styles was named Tournament Most Valuable Player. Styles was a pitcher for George Mason.


1988 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1988 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. The eight wins were the most by a Colorado team since 1976. They played their home games at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado. Head coach Bill McCartney was in his seventh year leading the Buffaloes as their head coach.


1988 Colorado State Rams football team
The 1988 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the Western Athletic Conference during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their seventh season under head coach Leon Fuller, the Rams compiled a 1–10 record.


1988 Columbia Lions football team
The 1988 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Columbia ended a five-year losing streak with two wins, and tied for next-to-last in the Ivy League.


1988 Columbia Lions football team
In their third and final season under head coach Larry McElreavy, the Lions compiled a 2–8 record and were outscored 303 to 140. John Alex was the team captain.


1988 Columbia Lions football team
The Lions' 2–5 conference record tied for sixth in the Ivy League standings. Columbia was outscored 177 to 103 by Ivy opponents.


1988 Columbia Lions football team
After losing all of their games in 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987, Columbia entered the season on a 44-game winless streak, and 41-game loss streak, dating back to the 1983 season. Both were all-time NCAA Division I football records at the time. By registering a victory over Princeton in the fourth week of the 1988 season, Columbia ended the streak at 44 straight losses and 47 games without a win.


1988 Columbia Lions football team
Columbia played its homes games at Lawrence A. Wien Stadium in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.


1988 Commonwealth Final
The 1988 Commonwealth Final was the fifth running of the Commonwealth Final as part of the qualification for the 1988 Speedway World Championship. The 1988 Final was run on 12 June at the Norfolk Arena in King's Lynn, England, and was part of the World Championship qualifying for riders from the Commonwealth nations.


1988 Commonwealth Final
Riders qualified for the Final from the Australian, British and New Zealand Championships.


1988 Connecticut Huskies football team
The 1988 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Huskies were led by sixth year head coach Tom Jackson, and completed the season with a record of 7–4.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections
The Cook County, Illinois general election was held on November 8, 1988.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections
Elections were held for Clerk of the Circuit Court, Recorder of Deeds, State's Attorney, one seat on the Cook County Board of Appeals, three seats on the Water Reclamation District Board, and judgeships on the Circuit Court of Cook County.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Election information
1988 was a presidential election year in the United States. The primaries and general elections for Cook County races coincided with those for federal races (President and House) and those for state elections.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Election information, Voter turnout, Primary election
Turnout in the primaries was 45.63%, with 1,236,750 ballots cast.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Election information, Voter turnout, General election
The general election saw turnout of 72.56%, with 2,095,985 ballots cast. Chicago saw 1,14,080 ballots cast, and suburban Cook County saw 981,905 ballots cast.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Clerk of the Circuit Court
In the 1988 Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County election,  incumbent clerk Morgan M. Finley, a Democrat, did not seek reelection. Democrat Aurelia Pucinski was elected to succeed him.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Clerk of the Circuit Court, Primaries, Democratic
The following candidates ran for the Democratic Party nomination for Clerk of the Circuit Court:


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Clerk of the Circuit Court, Primaries, Republican
The following candidate ran for the Republican Party nomination for Clerk of the Circuit Court:


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Recorder of Deeds
In the 1988 Cook County Recorder of Deeds election, incumbent first-term recorder of deeds Harry Yourell, a Democrat, did not seek reelection, instead running to be a commissioner of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. Democrat Carol Moseley Braun was elected to succeed him.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Recorder of Deeds
Mosely Braun's election made her the first African-American to hold the office of Cook County recorder of deeds.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Recorder of Deeds, Primaries, Democratic
The following candidate ran for the Democratic Party nomination for Cook County Recorder of Deeds Court:


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Recorder of Deeds, Primaries, Republican
The following candidate ran for the Democratic Party nomination for Cook County Recorder of Deeds Court:


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Recorder of Deeds, Primaries, Illinois Solidarity
No candidates ran in the Illinois Solidarity Party primary. The party ultimately nominated Edward M. Wojkowski.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, State's Attorney
In the 1988 Cook County State's Attorney election, incumbent second-term state's attorney Richard M. Daley, a Democrat, was reelected.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Cook County Board of Appeals (special election)
In the 1988 Cook County Board of Appeals special election, one seat on the board were up for election. Due to the death of Harry Semrow, this special election was held to fill the seat he had served on. Democrat Joseph Berrios was elected to fill the seat.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Cook County Board of Appeals (special election)
Thomas A. Jaconetty had been appointed to hold the seat until the new commissioner elected in this race would be seated.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Cook County Board of Appeals (special election), Primaries, Democratic
31st Ward committeeman Joseph Berrios, the Democratic Party organization-endorsed candidate, won the Democratic primary.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Water Reclamation District Board
In the 1988 Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago election, three of the nine seats on the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago board were up for election in an at-large election. All three Democratic nominees won.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Judicial elections
Pasrtisan elections were held for judgeships on the Circuit Court of Cook County due to vacancies. Retention elections were also held for the Circuit Court.


1988 Cook County, Illinois elections, Other elections
Coinciding with the primaries, elections were held to elect the Democratic, Republican, and Illinois Solidarity committeemen for the wards of Chicago.


1988 Copa Digeder
The Copa Digeder 1988 was the 18th edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on March 19, 1988 and concluded on July 6, 1988. first and second level teams took part in the tournament. Colo-Colo won the competition for their sixth time, beating Unión Española 1–0 in the final. The points system in the first round awarded 3 points for a win. In the event of a tie, each team was awarded 1 point, and an additional point was awarded to the winner of a penalty shoot-out.


1988 Copa Interamericana
The 1988 Copa Interamericana was the 11th staging of this competition. The final took place between Nacional (winners of the 1988 Copa Libertadores) and C.D. Olimpia (2inners of the 1988 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) and was staged over two legs on 5 and 29 March 1989.


1988 Copa Interamericana
After the first leg in Tegucigalpa ended 1–1, Nacional easily defeated Olimpia 4–0 in Montevideo to win their second Copa Interamericana. With this achievement, the Uruguayan side won their fourth international trophy within five months so they had previously won the Copa Libertadores, Copa Intercontinental and Recopa.


1988 Copa Libertadores
The 1988 Copa Libertadores de América was the 29th edition of the Copa Libertadores, South America's premier international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. This season's defending champion Peñarol of Uruguay were defeated by San Lorenzo of Argentina. In the finals, Nacional defeated Newell's Old Boys.


1988 Copa Libertadores, Draw
The champions and runners-up of each football association were drawn into the same group along with another football association's participating teams. Three clubs from Uruguay competed as Peñarol was champion of the 1987 Copa Libertadores. They entered the tournament in the third stage.


1988 Copa Libertadores, First stage, Group 2, Tie-breaker
Newell's Old Boys and San Lorenzo played an extra match to determine the winner of the group.


1988 Copa Libertadores, Knockout phase, Second stage
The group winners and runners-up were drawn in the second stage of the competition. The away goals rule was applied to determine the winner between Nacional and Universidad Católica.


1988 Copa Libertadores, Knockout phase, Third stage
The defending champion Peñarol entered the competition in this round. The three winners and the best-ranked loser advanced to the semifinals.


1988 Copa Libertadores Finals
The 1988 Copa Libertadores de América Finals was the final two-legged tie to determine the 1988 Copa Libertadores champion. It was contested by Uruguayan club Nacional and Argentine club Newell's Old Boys. The first leg of the tie was played on 19 October at Estadio Gigante de Arroyito of Rosario, with the second leg played on 26 October at Estadio Centenario of Montevideo.


1988 Copa Libertadores Finals
Nacional won the series 3–1 on aggregate, achieving their third Copa Libertadores trophy.


1988 Copa Libertadores Finals, Format
The finals were played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulated the most points —two for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss— after the two legs was crowned champion. If the two teams had tied on points after the second leg, a playoff in a neutral venue would have become the next tie-breaker. Goal difference was used as a last resort.


1988 Copa Nabisco Royal Open
The 1988 Copa Nabisco Royal Open, also known as the Buenos Aires Grand Prix, was a men's Grand Prix tennis men's tournament held in on outdoor clay courts in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and was held from 7 November through 14 November 1988. Seventh-seeded Javier Sánchez won the singles title.


1988 Copa Nabisco Royal Open, Finals, Doubles
Carlos Costa /  Javier Sánchez defeated  Eduardo Bengoechea /  José Luis Clerc 6–3, 3–6, 6–3


1988 Copa del Rey Final
The 1988 Copa del Rey Final was the 86th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 31 March 1988, being won by Barcelona, who beat Real Sociedad 1–0.


1988 Copa del Rey de Baloncesto
The 1988 Copa del Rey was the 52nd edition of the Spanish basketball Cup. It was organized by the ACB and its Final Eight was played in Valladolid, in the Pabellón Polideportivo Pisuerga between 19 and 21 December 1987.


1988 Copa del Rey de Baloncesto
This edition was played by the four first qualified of the 1987–88 ACB first stage.


1988 Copa del Rey de Baloncesto, Final
A buzzer-beater of Ignacio Solozábal allowed FC Barcelona to repeat the title of Copa del Rey.


1988 Coppa Italia Final
The 1988 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1987–88 Coppa Italia. The match was played over two legs on 5 and 19 May 1988 between Sampdoria and Torino. Sampdoria won 3–2 on aggregate. It was Sampdoria's second victory.


1988 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1988 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the 53rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 13 December 1987. The championship began on 7 May 1988 and ended on 11 September 1988.


1988 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
On 11 September 1988, Kilshannig won the championship following a 2-09 to 1-07 defeat of Ballincollig in the final. This was their first ever championship title. It remains their only championship title in the grade.


1988 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
Kilshannig's William O'Riordan was the championship's top scorer with 2-17.


1988 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1988 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 79th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 13 December 1987. The championship began on 28 May 1988 and ended on 16 October 1988.


1988 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
On 16 October 1988, Youghal won the championship following a 4-06 to 2-11 defeat of Kilbrittain in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1969.


1988 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Youghal's Seánie Ring was the championship's top scorer with 2-24.


1988 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship
The 1988 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship was the 91st staging of the Cork Junior A Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The championship began on 25 September 1988 and ended on 13 November 1988.


1988 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship
On 13 November 1988, Valley Rovers won the championship following an 0–11 to 1–06 defeat of Newcestown in the final at Charlie Hurley Park. It remains their only championship title.


1988 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1988 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 100th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 13 December 1987. The championship began on 24 April 1988 and ended on 30 October 1988.


1988 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 30 October 1988, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 2-08 to 0-10 defeat of Duhallow in the final. This was their ninth championship title overall and their second title in succession.