1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, Challenge Kis France (France)
From the Societe des Regates Rochelaise yacht club, the Challenge Kis France was skippered by Marc Pajot and included Marc Bouet and Bertrand Pacé. The boat performed well, winning the second and seventh race in the World Championship series. The syndicate was owned by French businessman, Serge Crasnianski who invested $10 million in the challenge. He later estimated that the venture may have cost his company as much as $70 million in lost revenue. His company, KIS France developed an instant photo development system in 1981 which cornered 60 percent of the world photo laboratory market. The RPYC challenged the legality of the French Kiss name, claiming that it was too commercial being associated with the KIS photo-labs. However, the name was subsequently cleared by an international jury.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, Marseilles Syndicate (France)
The Societe Nautique de Marseilles challenge began with the purchase of France 3 and Challenge 12 and the confirmation of skipper Yves Pajot, brother of Marc Pajot (French Kiss syndicate skipper). Both twelves were then sailed in Fremantle. However, soon after the construction of Challenge France that the syndicates financial position became known, and it was in deep financial difficulty. The afterguard included Francois Brenac.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, New Zealand Challenge (New Zealand)
Originally backed by Marcel Fachler, and later Michael Fay, the team consisted of several Fibreglass boats designed by Ron Holland, Bruce Farr and Laurie Davidson. KZ 3 and KZ 5 were built identically and KZ 7 was then developed after further testing and editing. Skippered by Chris Dickson, the crew were: Brad Butterworth, Ed Danby, Simon Daubney, Brian Phillimore, Mike Quilter, Tony Rae, Jeremy Scantlebury, Kevin Shoebridge, Andrew Taylor and Erle Williams.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, New Zealand Challenge (New Zealand)
David Barnes was the alternative skipper and the crew included Warwick Fleury, Alan Smith, and Ross Halcrow.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, Secret Cove/TrueNorth (Canada)
A combined challenge from Canada's Secret Cove Yacht Club and Royal Nova Scotia Yacht Squadron. True North performed well in the World Championships and was heavily modified afterwards. Canada I was designed by Bruce Kirby and became Canada II after being heavily redesigned before the event began. The two teams merged after both were unable to attract the big name sponsors needed for a serious challenge. After extensive training, only Canada II was sent to Fremantle. Skippered by Terence Neilson, the crew included Hans Fogh and Andy Roy.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, British America's Cup Challenge (United Kingdom)
From the Royal Thames Yacht Club, White Crusader was designed by Ian Howlett and was a traditional 12-metre design evolved from the DeSavery Victory'83 boat of the previous Americas Cup event. However, White Crusader II was a radical design and designed by David Hollam. This second boat was used as a trial horse against White Crusader, but the team eventually decided to use the more conventional designed boat. Tank testing was carried out at Southampton University and HMS Haslar.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, British America's Cup Challenge (United Kingdom)
The deadline for acceptance of challenges was 1 April 1986 and Admiral Sir Ian Easton wrote his own personal cheque for $16,000 as an entry fee deposit. Harold Cudmore acted as skipper-tactician and starting helmsman who then handed over the helm to Chris Law for the remainder of each races. Eddie Warden-Owen was the navigator.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Teams, British America's Cup Challenge (United Kingdom)
Both boats were originally named simply Crusader One and Two but the "White" part of their names were added when millionaire Graham Walker (Of White Horse whiskey fame) gave heavy sponsorship to the British challengers at the last minute before the event started so the "White" was added to their names.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Rounds Robin
The regatta was staged in three rounds robin stages, with points awarded on an increasing scale the later the round in an attempt to reward the fastest boats at the end of the series. The top four boats were then placed in an elimination series to select the challenger. The first round robin (5-20 October) saw three boats standout, America II of the New York Yacht Club, Stars and Stripes 87 and the surprise of the regatta, KZ 7, all of which finished the first round robin with 11–1 records. The second round (2-19 November) saw Stars & Stripes struggle.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Rounds Robin
Conner's boat was optimized for heavy airs, and suffered from a shortage of sails for lighter breezes. When a spell of Easterlies settled over Western Australia she was caught out of her element and dropped four races. She lost to Tom Blackaller and USA in 5 to 10 knot winds, and the following day to the Kiwis, even though the breeze had picked up to 22 knots.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Rounds Robin
On the ninth day she lost again to the British team White Crusader in 4 to 6 knots breeze, and the following day to Canada II, whom she had led around the final mark but was caught out when the breeze died away. The Kiwis continued to dominate the regatta, winning every one of their eleven match races, while America II continued to make a strong showing with a 9–2 record. The third round (2-19 December) saw a change in fortunes.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Rounds Robin
America II simply was unable to continue to improve her speed, while other boats were making improvements and getting faster. She struggled to a 6–5 record in the final round. What was a strong performance coming in simply was not enough by the third round, and their loss to KZ 7 placed them out of the running for the Semis. The loss meant the New York Yacht Club was eliminated for the first time in Cup history. USA with her unique design was finally showing her potential, as Tom Blackaller became better versed in handling the boat with the forward canard or rudder. Marc Pajot's French Kiss upset America II and found her way into the Semis.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Semi-finals
KZ 7 was the top qualifier of the round robins, followed in the points competition by Stars & Stripes 87, USA and French Kiss. In the Challenger semi-finals (28 December – 7 January) KZ 7 easily defeated French Kiss 4–0, with none of the races closely contested. Meanwhile, a far more spirited competition between  Stars and Stripes 87 and USA ensued, with USA leading all of the first race till the final mark. In the end though Tom Blackaller couldn't quite find the speed he was looking for constantly, and the result was Stars and Stripes 87 winning the semi 4–0.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
Going into the Louis Vuitton Finals (13-23 January), Kiwi Magic was the favorite. She was clearly a fast boat in both light and heavy air, had beaten Stars and Stripes 87 twice, and had won an incredible thirty-seven of thirty-eight match races. But Stars & Stripes 87 was showing her best form of the regatta, particularly in heavy winds above 20 knots.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
The first two races were similar, with Stars & Stripes going out to an early lead in the opening beat to the first windward mark, and then holding that lead throughout the remainder of  the rest, holding ground on the downwind legs and extending it on the beats. The third race started out much as the previous two, with both boats taking a long tack out to the left hand side of the course in what Dennis Conner termed a "speed test". Stars & Stripes 87 rounded the first windward mark 26 seconds ahead, and that is when trouble started.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
The snap shackle failed causing the spinnaker to drop into the sea. The New Zealanders closed the gap, gibing back and forth across Conner's stern until they achieved what they were looking for, an inside overlap on the bottom mark. With right of way KZ-7 was able to slide ahead on the turn about the mark. Once there the New Zealanders proved a difficult boat to get past. On the second beat to windward they kept the American boat at bay with a tight cover. No room was available to get by on the reaching legs.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
But the third beat was one for the records books. Conner threw 55 tacks at the Dickson and his boat plus two false tacks in an effort to break free. The New Zealanders covered them all in one of the most exhausting and tense beats to windward in America's Cup history.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
The fourth race saw a complete turn in fortune, as now KZ 7 experienced a number of uncommon structural failures which snowballed due to the actions of the skipper and crew, the end result being Kiwi Magic blowing her backstay in an abrupt gibe, losing to Stars & Stripes by 3 minutes 38 seconds.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
The fifth race was extremely competitive, with Stars & Stripes taking the initial lead on the first windward leg as she did in the first four races, but on the second beat to windward her Number 6 genoa blew to pieces and the Kiwis closed the gap. All hands went forward to clear the wreckage and hoist the Number 7 genoa, and Stars & Stripes held on to the slimmest of leads throughout the next four legs.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
Rounding the final mark she held a six-second lead, but here Dickson made one of the rare mistakes of his summer and struck the mark, forcing KZ 7 to round again and ending all hope they had of winning the race. Stars & Stripes 87 took the series, four wins to one. Perhaps Michael Fay summed up their effort best:


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
"We did the best we could. We couldn't beat the other guy on the day, and we've got to shake his hand and say 'Well done' because that's what happened. They did a very good job and they beat us."


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
Added Chris Dickson:  "The best boat won. Thirteen years beat thirteen months experience. Congratulations guys."


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
Following the completion of the race, Gianfranco Alberini, Commodore, Yacht Club Costa Smeralda, the Challenge Club of Record responsible for organizing the challenger selection process had at last completed his responsibilities.


1987 Louis Vuitton Cup, Knock-out stage, Final
"We have concluded today two hundred and twenty three races. It was quite an historic performances, and I think it will go down in the Guinness records. Two hundred twenty three races, very successful for sure, selecting the two best yachts for the finals of the Louis Vuitton Cup, and the best challenger for the America's Cup 87."


1987 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 1987 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana Tech University as an I-AA independent during the 1987 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their first year under head coach Carl Torbush, the team compiled an 3–8 record.


1987 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1987 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held to elect the Governor of Louisiana. Three-term incumbent Democratic Governor Edwin Edwards lost re-election to a fourth term, defeated by Democratic congressman Buddy Roemer.


1987 Louisiana gubernatorial election
Under Louisiana's jungle primary system, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party, and voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. On October 24, 1987 Roemer and Edwards took the two highest popular vote counts and as neither took over 50% a runoff was schedule, but Edwards withdrew causing the runoff's cancellation.


1987 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Background
In this election, the first round of voting was held on October 24. In second place, Edwin Edwards was entitled to face Roemer in the runoff, but he withdrew from the race after the first round of voting. Buddy Roemer, elected as a Democrat, switched his party affiliation to Republican during his term as governor.


1987 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Sources
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1987 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1987 Louisville Cardinals football team represented the University of Louisville in the 1987 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cardinals, led by third-year head coach Howard Schnellenberger, participated as independents and played their home games at Cardinal Stadium.


1987 MTV Video Music Awards
The 1987 MTV Video Music Awards aired live on September 11, 1987, honoring the best music videos from May 2, 1986, to May 1, 1987. The show was hosted by MTV VJs Downtown Julie Brown, Carolyne Heldman, Kevin Seal, Michael Tomioka, and Dweezil Zappa, and it took place at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles.


1987 MTV Video Music Awards
This year featured the debut of the award for Best Video from a Film, which recognized the most outstanding video of a song taken from a movie soundtrack. Concurrently, 1987 also saw the elimination of the Special Recognition award that had been given out every year since 1984. Unlike Video Vanguard, which could go a few years without being handed out and then return, the Special Recognition award was never again given out at the VMAs.


1987 MTV Video Music Awards
Peter Gabriel received a record-setting ten awards, including Video of the Year and the Video Vanguard award. Gabriel's video for "Sledgehammer" earned nine awards out of the ten it was in the running for, making it the most nominated video of the night, as well as the most rewarded video in VMA history. Gabriel also set a record for the most VMA nominations in a single year, as along with the ten nominations for "Sledgehammer", his video for "Big Time" also received two, bringing his total up to twelve nominations in 1987. This record would go uncontested until 2010, when Lady Gaga received thirteen nominations.


1987 MTV Video Music Awards
The ceremony's other major nominees were fellow Video of the Year nominees Genesis, Paul Simon, Steve Winwood, and U2, as well as two-time Best Female Video nominee Madonna. Genesis, Winwood, and U2 all received seven nominations for their videos "Land of Confusion", "Higher Love", and "With or Without You", respectively. Meanwhile, Simon and Madonna split their six nominations: the former between "The Boy in the Bubble" and "You Can Call Me Al", and the latter between "Papa Don't Preach" and "Open Your Heart."


1987 MTV Video Music Awards, Nominations, Best Art Direction in a Video
Peter Gabriel – "Sledgehammer" (Art Directors: Stephen Quay and Timothy Quay)


1987 MTV Video Music Awards, Nominations, Best Cinematography in a Video
Robbie Nevil – "C'est la Vie" (Director of Photography: Mark Plummer)


1987 Macau Grand Prix
The 1987 Macau Grand Prix Formula Three was the 34th Macau Grand Prix race to be held on the streets of Macau on 29 November 1987. It was the fourth edition for Formula Three cars. Heavy rain and strong winds from Typhoon Nina cancelled all of Saturday's activities and the starting order of the race was determined by the fastest lap times of the first practice session. Martin Donnelly of Intersport Engineering led the pack of cars going into Mandarin Oriental bend from pole position and led every lap to win. His teammate Jan Lammers finished second and Schubel Rennsport Int driver Bernd Schneider was third.


1987 Madrid City Council election
The 1987 Madrid City Council election, also the 1987 Madrid municipal election, was held on Wednesday, 10 June 1987, to elect the 3rd City Council of the municipality of Madrid. All 55 seats in the City Council were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain, as well as the 1987 European Parliament election.


1987 Madrid City Council election
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) won the election, but lost its absolute majority and lost 137,000 votes compared to 1983. The People's Alliance (AP), which stood separately after the breakup of the People's Coalition in 1986, failed to meet the level of support reached by the coalition in 1983 and also lost votes and seats. Benefitting from both parties' losses was the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), which, with its 8 seats and 15% of the votes, entered the City Council for its first and only time and went on to hold the balance of power. United Left (IU), an electoral coalition comprising the Communist Party of Spain and other left-wing parties, continued on its long-term decline and lost 1 more seat, barely obtaining 100,000 votes and 6% of the share.


1987 Madrid City Council election
AP and CDS together reached an absolute majority, but failure on reaching an agreement resulted in Socialist Juan Barranco being re-elected as mayor. However, on June 1989, both parties agreed to present a motion of censure on Barranco and elect Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún from the CDS as new mayor, ousting the PSOE from power in the city after a 10-year rule.


1987 Madrid City Council election, Electoral system
The City Council of Madrid (Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Madrid) was the top-tier administrative and governing body of the municipality of Madrid, composed of the mayor, the government council and the elected plenary assembly.


1987 Madrid City Council election, Electoral system
Voting for the local assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the municipality of Madrid and in full enjoyment of their political rights, as well as resident non-nationals whose country of origin allowed Spanish nationals to vote in their own elections by virtue of a treaty. Local councillors were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each local council. Councillors were allocated to municipal councils based on the following scale:


1987 Madrid City Council election, Electoral system
The mayor was indirectly elected by the plenary assembly. A legal clause required that mayoral candidates earned the vote of an absolute majority of councillors, or else the candidate of the most-voted party in the assembly was to be automatically appointed to the post. In the event of a tie, the appointee would be determined by lot.


1987 Madrid City Council election, Electoral system
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of a determined amount of the electors registered in the municipality for which they were seeking election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. For the case of Madrid, as its population was over 1,000,001, at least 8,000 signatures were required.


1987 Madrid City Council election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 28 seats were required for an absolute majority in the City Council of Madrid.


1987 Madrid Tennis Grand Prix
The 1987 Madrid Tennis Grand Prix was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Madrid, Spain that was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and was played from 14 September until 20 September 1987. First-seeded Emilio Sánchez won the singles title after defeating his brother Javier in the final.


1987 Madrid Tennis Grand Prix, Finals, Doubles
Carlos di Laura /  Javier Sánchez defeated  Sergio Casal /  Emilio Sánchez 6–3, 3–6, 7–6


1987 Madrilenian regional election
The 1987 Madrilenian regional election was held on Wednesday, 10 June 1987, to elect the 2nd Assembly of the Autonomous Community of Madrid. All 96 seats in the Assembly were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain, as well as the 1987 European Parliament election.


1987 Madrilenian regional election
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) under Joaquín Leguina lost its overall majority in the Assembly, but remained the largest party. The most notable election result was the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) breakthrough, emerging as the third largest party at the expense of all other parties in the regional parliament. The People's Alliance (AP) of newly elected AP Madrid leader Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón remained static, maintaining its position as the second largest party, while United Left (IU), a coalition of the Communist Party of Spain and other left-wing political forces, slipped to fourth place.


1987 Madrilenian regional election
In the aftermath of the election, the CDS chose to abstain in the investiture voting in order to allow the PSOE to continue to govern in minority.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The Assembly of Madrid was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Madrid, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Madrilenian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Community. Voting for the Assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Community of Madrid and in full enjoyment of their political rights.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
All members of the Assembly of Madrid were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally. The Assembly was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 25,000.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 0.5 percent  of the electors registered in the Community of Madrid. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Overview, Election date
The term of the Assembly of Madrid expired four years after the date of its previous election. The election Decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Community of Madrid, with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication and set so as to make them coincide with other concurrent elections when possible.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Overview, Election date
The previous election was held on 8 May 1983, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 8 May 1987. The election Decree was required to be published no later than 14 April 1987, with the election taking place no later than the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Assembly on Saturday, 13 June 1987.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Overview, Election date
The Assembly of Madrid could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament except in the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot. In such a case, the Assembly was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 49 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Assembly of Madrid.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Results, Elected legislators
The following table lists the elected legislators sorted by order of election.


1987 Madrilenian regional election, Aftermath, Government formation
Investiture processes to elect the President of the Community of Madrid required for an absolute majority—more than half the votes cast—to be obtained in the first ballot. If unsuccessful, a new ballot would be held 48 hours later requiring of a simple majority—more affirmative than negative votes—to succeed. If none of such majorities were achieved, successive candidate proposals could be processed under the same procedure. In the event of the investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Assembly would be automatically dissolved and a snap election called.


1987 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1987 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1987 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their first season under head coach Tim Murphy, the Black Bears compiled a 8–4 record (6–1 against conference opponents), tied for the Yankee Conference championship, and lost to Georgia Southern in the first round of the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship playoffs. Bob Wilder and Steve Violette were the team captains.


1987 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1987 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 58th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 14, 1987, at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California, the home of the Oakland Athletics of the American League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 2-0 in 13 innings. Montreal Expos outfielder Tim Raines was named the Most Valuable Player.


1987 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters
Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.


1987 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game, Game summary
While the previous three All-Star games had had good pitching, the 1987 Midsummer Classic had great pitching. Never before was an All-Star game scoreless after five innings, however, the 1987 game did not see a run until the 13th inning.


1987 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game, Game summary
After 12 scoreless innings, National League catcher Ozzie Virgil began the 13th with a single off American League pitcher Jay Howell. Howell would get pitcher Lee Smith to strike out trying to bunt, however, shortstop Hubie Brooks followed with a single, moving Virgil up to 2nd base. Outfielder Willie McGee lined out for the second out of the inning, bringing up outfielder Tim Raines. Raines delivered in the clutch, with a two-run triple, giving the National League a 2-0 lead. Second baseman Juan Samuel lined out, ending the inning.


1987 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game, Game summary
In the bottom of the 13th, Sid Fernandez walked leadoff man Kevin Seitzer, but retired the next three batters in order to give the National League the victory. Due to the length of the game, Lee Smith, a Cubs pitcher at the time, needed to bat. He did not bring his Cubs helmet so he used a Montreal Expos helmet likely from either Tim Wallach or Hubie Brooks.


1987 Major League Baseball draft
The Major League Baseball Draft is the process by which Major League Baseball (MLB) teams select athletes to play for their organization. High school seniors, college juniors and seniors, and anyone who had never played under a professional contract were considered eligible for the draft. The 1987 MLB Draft took place as a conference call to the Commissioner of Baseball's office in New York from June 2–4. As opposed to the National Football League Draft which appeared on ESPN, no network aired the MLB Draft.


1987 Major League Baseball draft
The American League (AL) and the National League (NL) alternated picks throughout the first round; because an NL team drafted first in the 1986 MLB Draft, an AL team had the first selection in 1987. Having finished 67–95 in 1986, the Seattle Mariners had the worst record in the AL and thus obtained the first overall selection. The second selection went to the Pittsburgh Pirates, who had the worst record in the NL.


1987 Major League Baseball draft
With the first overall pick, the Mariners drafted Ken Griffey, Jr. from Moeller High School. Griffey, Jr. became a 13-time All-Star and helped Seattle make its first postseason appearance in franchise history. Mark Merchant, the second overall pick, however, never played in a major league game. Two years after he was drafted, the Pirates traded Merchant to Seattle. Chicago White Sox' first overall selection Jack McDowell won the 1993 Cy Young Award as Chicago made a League Championship Series appearance that year.


1987 Major League Baseball draft
The total number of athletes drafted, 1,263, broke a record for the most players ever chosen in a draft. In total, 27 All-Stars were selected in 1987, although not all signed a professional contract. As of 2020, only  three players from the draft has been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame– Craig Biggio, Griffey, Jr, and Mike Mussina, though Mussina did not sign in this draft.


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Background
As with prior drafts, the team with the worst overall record from the previous season selected first, with teams from the AL and NL alternating picks. If two or more teams had the same record, the team with the worse record from two seasons prior would draft higher. Because the Pittsburgh Pirates of the NL selected first overall in 1986 Major League Baseball Draft, an AL team had the first pick in the 1987 draft. The final two selections in the first round both came from American League teams, as the AL had two more organizations than the NL.


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Background
The date of the draft was set for June 2–4, and would occur as a conference call to the Commissioner of Baseball's office in New York. Unlike the 1987 NFL Draft, which aired on ESPN, no network televised the MLB draft. High school seniors, college juniors and seniors, and anyone who had never played under a professional contract were considered eligible to be drafted. For the first time, junior college players would also be included in the June draft; in years past, teams would select junior college players in a separate draft.


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Background
Selections could be transferred or added if a team signed a certain type of free agent: the Elias Sports Bureau ranked players as either type-A (top 30 percent of all players), type-B (31 percent to 50 percent), or type-C (51 percent to 60 percent), based on the athlete's performance over the past two seasons. If a "type-A" player became a free agent, the team that lost the type-A player would receive the first-round draft pick from the team that signed the player, as well as a "sandwich pick" between the first and second rounds.


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Background
If a "type-B" became a free agent, the team that lost him would receive a second-round pick from the team that signed the player. If a "type-C" became a free agent, the team that lost him would receive a compensation pick between the second and third rounds. The top 13 selections were considered "protected picks" and exempt from this rule.


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Background
With a record of 67–95, the Seattle Mariners ended the 1986 Major League Baseball season with the worst record in the AL and thus obtained the first overall selection. The Mariners never had a winning record in the twelve years since the franchise's creation (their best winning percentage was .469, accomplished in 1982), and during the 1986 season, changed managers three times. In the NL, the Pirates finished with the league's worst record for the second year in a row and were given the second overall pick. The 1986 World Series champion New York Mets drafted third-to-last, with the runner-up Boston Red Sox selecting last.


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Other players to reach MLB
The following players were drafted outside of the first two rounds and played in at least one major league game:


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Aftermath
The Kansas City Royals had the most picks of any team, with 74; following the Royals, the Toronto Blue Jays made 71, and the Cincinnati Reds and New York Mets made 61 apiece. The total number of players drafted, 1,263, broke a record for the most players ever selected in a draft. The previous record of 1,162 was set during the 1967 draft. The California Angels drafted the fewest future MLB players, with only four of their draftees appearing in an MLB game, while the Blue Jays and the Texas Rangers both drafted 13 future MLB players, the most of any team.


1987 Major League Baseball draft, Aftermath
With their first overall pick, the Mariners selected Ken Griffey, Jr., an outfielder from Moeller High School. Over his 22-year career, Griffey, Jr. was elected to thirteen All-Star games, won seven Silver Slugger Awards, and helped Seattle make their first playoff appearance as a franchise during the 1995 season. Mark Merchant, whom the Pirates drafted second overall, never played in an MLB game; two years after they drafted him, Pittsburgh traded Merchant to Seattle. The Pirates made the playoffs for three consecutive seasons from 1990–1992 but lost in the National League Championship Series all three years.


1987 Major League Baseball season
The 1987 Major League Baseball season ended with the American League Champion  Minnesota Twins winning the World Series over the National League Champion St. Louis Cardinals, four games to three, as all seven games were won by the home team.


1987 Major League Baseball season
In June, future Hall of Fame outfielder Ken Griffey Jr. was selected with the number one overall pick in the Major League Baseball draft, by the Seattle Mariners.


1987 Malawian general election
General elections were held in Malawi on 27 and 28 May 1987. As the country had become a one-party state in 1966, the Malawi Congress Party was the sole legal party at the time. The number of seats in the National Assembly was increased to 112, whilst President-for-life Hastings Banda was able to appoint as many additional members as he saw fit to "enhance the representative character of the Assembly, or to represent particular minority or other special interests in the Republic."


1987 Malawian general election
In total, over 200 candidates contested the seats, although in 38 there was only a single MCP candidate, who was elected unopposed. In the remaining 80 seats there were between two and five candidates, all of which were for the MCP. Banda appointed a further 11 members.


1987 Maltese general election
General elections were held in Malta on 9 May 1987. Although the Nationalist Party received the most votes, the Malta Labour Party won a majority of seats. However, in accordance with the modifications made to the electoral system following a similar outcome in the 1981 elections, the Nationalist Party was awarded an extra four seats in order to give them a parliamentary majority.


1987 Maltese general election
The elections ended 16 years of Labour government, with Nationalist Party Eddie Fenech Adami becoming Prime Minister. Adami stated that he would align the country more closely with Western governments and distance Malta from Muammar Gaddafi.


1987 Manchester City Council election
Elections to Manchester Council were held on Thursday, 7 May 1987. One third of the council was up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a four-year term of office, expiring in 1991. The Labour Party retained overall control of the Council.


1987 Manchester City Council election, Election result
After the election, the composition of the council was as follows:


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season
The 1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season was the 41st in the club's history since their entry into the then New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership in 1947.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season
The 1987 Sea Eagles were coached by triple Manly premiership player and former Kangaroo Tour captain Bob Fulton. Captaining the side was Queensland back rower Paul Vautin. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby League's 1987 Premiership season and played its home games at the 27,000 capacity Brookvale Oval.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
From the outset Manly's Cliff Lyons attempted to find gaps out wide in Canberra's defence and kept the Raiders hemmed in on their own side of half-way with his astute kicking. Lyons stepped inside the Raiders' defence and after a seventy-metre burst found Noel Cleal stampeding on to the ball but Cleal's final pass to Des Hasler was ruled forward. Another promising Manly raid broke down when Lyons' reverse pass to O'Connor was put to ground.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
Manly continued to put pressure on the Raiders defence with both speedsters Michael O'Connor and Dale Shearer trying to catch the Raiders out with long range kicks to their in-goal area in front of the SCG hill, but both were only just beaten to the ball each time by Gary Belcher and Gary Coyne respectively.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
In the 27th minute Lyons eventually broke through on his third threatening attempt. Scurrying from a scrum win on the Canberra quarter-line, Lyons brushed off the tackle of Chris O'Sullivan and stepped inside Belcher to score.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
The Sea Eagles led 6-0 at half-time, with a ball-and-all tackle by Belcher on Dale Shearer just two metres from the Canberra tryline preventing the lead being greater.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
From the restart kick-off Belcher fielded the ball in his in-goal but was penalised for shepherding behind Chris O'Sullivan as he ran the ball out. It was a gift penalty for O'Connor to take Manly out to an 8-0 lead.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
The Sea Eagles kept the pressure on Canberra by charging down two attempted clearing kicks by a tiring Mal Meninga. Only occasionally did the Raiders break through. After a run by Peter Jackson, Manly's Phil Daley was penalised for a high tackle and Meninga's goal finally put Canberra on the scoreboard.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
Fatigue and the heat began to take a toll on the players, though one of the more surprising efforts was Manly's English prop Kevin Ward who ran and tackled strongly all day. Meninga, who had only played 60 minutes of football since breaking his arm in a game against Manly almost two months earlier, was replaced by Kevin Walters after 15 minutes of the second half and Manly's Gibbs, Cleal and Cochrane all went down hurt at different stages as the pace of the match slowed (for his part, Cochrane still can't remember the second half).


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
Soon after a successful penalty goal from O'Connor, a Dale Shearer cross field kick from the Raiders 22m line was grounded over the line by O'Connor in the Paddington corner. While Manly winger David Ronson was thought to be offside (though he didn't get involved in the play, he was still within 10 metres of O'Connor), many claim that the Manly centre should have been ruled offside as he got the ball "rather quickly" (television replays would prove inconclusive as there was no footage of where O'Conner was when Shearer kicked). However, referee Mick Stone ruled that Manly's international centre was onside and O'Connor was awarded the try. He converted his own try (giving him 4/4 goals at that point) and Manly had a premiership winning 16-2 lead.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
A brief hope of a fightback loomed after an ingeniously constructed "trojan horse" move by Canberra. Chris O'Sullivan went down "injured" after being tackled and then miraculously popped up in the next passage of play to take the inside pass from Ivan Henjak and score. With Meninga off the ground, Gary Belcher converted to narrow the scores to 16-8.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
Ron Gibbs' return from the head-bin helped snap the Sea Eagles out of their complacency. Daley's tackle on Canberra replacement Terry Regan and Dale Shearer's try-saving tackle on Ashley Gilbert three minutes from full-time ended any chance of a Canberra fightback. Paul Vautin led the charge back up-field with Hasler being bundled into the corner post after a run-around movement with O'Connor. The Manly centre also had a try taken off him just minutes after his previous try when Mick Stone ruled a pass from Cliff Lyons had gone forward.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
Right on full-time, O'Connor landed his fifth goal from five attempts after the Raiders were penalised in front of their own posts for being offside after a tap-kick restart. The 18-8 scoreline was a fair indication of Manly's supremacy on the day and a just result considering the Sea Eagles' consistency throughout the year.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
Manly became the first team other than Canterbury-Bankstown or Parramatta to win the grand final during the 1980s (Manly had been beaten Grand Finalists in 1982 and 1983, losing both times to Parramatta).


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Finals, Grand Final
For Manly coach Bob Fulton, premiership glory in a nine-year coaching career was finally achieved. For the dual Canberra coaches it marked a milestone. It was a sad ending to the long club coaching career of Don Furner, the man who brought Canberra into the competition. For his partner Wayne Bennett, the tactician behind the side, it was a disappointing exit but another door was about to open on his own stellar coaching career with the Brisbane Broncos and a continuing career as Queensland Origin coach.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, 1987 World Club Challenge
1987 saw the second World Club Challenge game between the reigning New South Wales Rugby League premiers and the reigning Rugby Football League (England) champions. This game was held in England less than two weeks following the 1987 NSWRL Grand Final.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, 1987 World Club Challenge
The match was played at 7:45pm on a dry Wednesday night, 7 October at the Central Park ground in Wigan. A crowd of 36,895 was in attendance for the game, though unofficial estimates from those present put the attendance as high as 50,000. The game was refereed by RFL international referee John Holdsworth. Former four-time Manly premiership winning Fullback Graham Eadie, who at the time was playing in England with 1987 Challenge Cup winners Halifax, was on hand as a match commentator as was dual Manly premiership player (and captain of the 1978 team) and the skipper of the 1982 Invincibles, Max Krilich.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, 1987 World Club Challenge
No tries were scored in what was a closely fought and, at times, spiteful encounter. Michael O'Connor opened the scoring for Manly with a successful penalty kick in only the second minute, which would turn out to be the only time the Sea Eagles scored. Tempers flared as the match went on, punctuated by more penalties and a few unsavoury incidents:


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, 1987 World Club Challenge
Amongst all of these incidents Wigan's David Stephenson kicked four penalty goals, which in the end would prove decisive. The score was 8 - 2 in favour of the home side as the final whistle blew, prompting the overjoyed Wigan supporters to flood onto the field to celebrate with the players.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, 1987 World Club Challenge
In his biography The Strife and Times of Paul Vautin written by Mike Coleman and released in 1992, the Manly captain told that the Sea Eagles players were so convinced that they would beat Wigan after their Grand Final win over the Canberra Raiders and after the undefeated 1986 Kangaroo Tour, that they treated the trip to England more as a holiday than anything serious and continued celebrating their GF win while there. Vautin and the other Manly players believe that their poor attitude is what ultimately cost them the game.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, 1987 World Club Challenge
Wigan on the other hand, led by their Kiwi coach Graham Lowe and featuring 11 Great Britain and one New Zealand international (compared to 5 Australian and one New Zealand international for Manly), took the game very seriously with pride their main motivation after the Great Britain Lions had been humiliated by the Australian's with 4 straight 3-0 Ashes series losses since the disastrous 1979 Australasian tour and the popular belief that the NSWRL Premiership was superior to the RFL's.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, 1987 World Club Challenge
In a twist, after leading Wigan to numerous cup titles over the next two seasons, Graham Lowe would become Manly's head coach from 1990-1992.


1987 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season, Player statistics
Note: Games and (sub) show total games played, e.g. 1 (1) is 2 games played. List does not include World Club Challenge.


1987 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1987 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall University in the 1987 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Herd were led by head coach George Chaump. They played their home games at Fairfield Stadium. The 1987 season ended with a 10–5 overall record and a trip to the Division I-AA Championship for the first time since in school history.


1987 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 1987 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1987 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first season under head coach Joe Krivak, the Terrapins compiled a 4–7 record, finished in fifth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and were outscored by their opponents 301 to 194. The team's statistical leaders included Dan Henning with 1,835 passing yards, Bren Lowery with 556 rushing yards, and Azizuddin Abdur-Ra'oof with 617 receiving yards.


1987 Maryland train collision
The 1987 Maryland train collision occurred at 1:30 pm on January 4, 1987, on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor main line. The site of the crash was in the Chase community in eastern Baltimore County, Maryland, United States, at Gunpowder Interlocking, about 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Baltimore. Amtrak train 94, the Colonial, (now part of the Northeast Regional) traveling north from Washington, D.C., to Boston, crashed into a set of Conrail locomotives running light (without freight cars), and which had fouled (entered) the mainline. Train 94's speed at the time of the collision was estimated at about 108 miles per hour (174 km/h). Fourteen passengers on the Amtrak train were killed, as well as the Amtrak engineer and lounge car attendant.


1987 Maryland train collision
The Conrail locomotive crew failed to stop at the signals before Gunpowder Interlocking, and it was determined that the accident would have been avoided had they done so. Additionally, they tested positive for marijuana. The engineer served four years in a Maryland prison for his role in the crash. In the aftermath, drug and alcohol procedures for train crews were overhauled by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), which is charged with rail safety.


1987 Maryland train collision
In 1991, prompted in large part by the Chase Maryland crash, the United States Congress took even broader action and authorized mandatory random drug-testing for all employees in "safety-sensitive" jobs in all industries regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) including trucking, bus carriers and rail systems. Additionally, all trains operating on the high-speed Northeast Corridor are now equipped with automatic cab signalling with an automatic train stop feature. Several safety issues were identified with Amfleet cars as well.


1987 Maryland train collision
At the time, the wreck was the deadliest in Amtrak's history. It was surpassed in 1993, by Big Bayou Canot rail accident in Alabama that killed 47 and injured another 103.


1987 Maryland train collision, Movements of the trains pre-collision, Amtrak Train 94
Amtrak Train 94 (the Colonial) left Washington Union Station at 12:30 pm (Eastern time) for Boston South Station. The train had 12 cars and was filled with travelers returning from the holiday season to their homes and schools for the second semester of the year. Two AEM-7 locomotives, numbered 900 and 903, led the train; #903 was the lead locomotive. The engineer was 35-year-old Jerome Evans.


1987 Maryland train collision, Movements of the trains pre-collision, Amtrak Train 94
After leaving Baltimore Penn Station, the train's next stop was Wilmington, Delaware. Just north of Baltimore, while still in Baltimore County, the four-track Northeast Corridor narrows to two tracks at Gunpowder Interlocking just before crossing over the Gunpowder River. The train accelerated north toward that location.


1987 Maryland train collision, Movements of the trains pre-collision, Conrail light engine move
Ricky Lynn Gates, a Penn Central and Conrail engineer since 1973, was operating a trio of Conrail GE B36-7 locomotives light (with no freight cars) from Conrail's Bayview Yard just east of Baltimore bound for Enola Yard near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Gates was later determined to have violated several signal and operating rules, including a failure to properly test his cab signals as required before departure from Bayview. It was later discovered that someone had disabled the cab signal alerter whistle on lead unit #5044 with duct tape, muting it almost completely. Also, one of the light bulbs in the PRR-style cab signal display had been removed. Investigators believed these conditions probably existed prior to departure from Bayview and that they would have been revealed by a properly performed departure test.


1987 Maryland train collision, Movements of the trains pre-collision, Conrail light engine move
Gates and his brakeman, Edward "Butch" Cromwell, were also smoking marijuana cigarettes. Marijuana can alter one's sense of time and impair the ability to perform tasks that require concentration. Cromwell was responsible for calling out the signals if Gates missed them, but failed to do so.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
As Amtrak Train 94 approached Gunpowder Interlocking near the Chase community on the electrified main line, the three Conrail freight locomotives were moving north on one of the adjacent freight tracks. Before the adjacent tracks reached the bridge at the river, they merged into the two through tracks that cross the bridge.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
While the tracks and interlocking plant at this location are signalized to alert locomotive engineer when the interlocking switches are set for through track train movement, the switches are not designed to de-rail a locomotive or train that runs through them when they are aligned for through track train movement.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
In the case of the accident, the interlocking plant was properly set for through track movement only, so as to allow the Amtrak train to pass the freight locomotives (which should have been stopped on the side tracks) on the through tracks onto and over the bridge. The freight locomotive crew ignored the stop signals in their locomotive cab (which were muted), and at trackside, visible to them from the cab of their locomotive.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
Speed/event recording devices indicated that the Conrail locomotives were moving at approximately 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) when their brakes were applied for an emergency stop, after they had passed the trackside signals. This was, Gates later claimed, when he realized that he did not have a wayside signal to proceed north at the interlocking. He was, however, moving too fast to stop before passing the signal indicating he should stop clear of the main track on which #94 was approaching.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
Had Gates reacted either to an approach signal instructing him to reduce speed, or to the stop signal itself in a timely fashion, or had the brakeman called out the state of the signals as he was supposed to do, it was likely the Conrail engines could have stopped short of the switch.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
The Conrail locomotives came to a stop on the track directly in front of #94, which approached the interlocking at a speed between 120 and 125 mph (193 and 201 km/h). Although the maximum allowed speed for Amtrak AEM-7 locomotives carrying cars on this corridor was 125 mph, #94 was carrying one Heritage style passenger car, whose maximum allowed speed was limited to 105 mph (169 km/h). The conductor for #94 testified that he did inform the fatally injured train engineer of the Heritage car on the train; in any event, its presence meant that the Amtrak train was speeding.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
With little time to react, Amtrak engineer Evans apparently saw the diesels on the line in front of him and applied the brakes for an emergency stop. The NTSB determined that even if #94 had been travelling at 105 mph (169 km/h), the Amtrak's authorized speed limit, the collision was unavoidable at this point.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
On impact, the rearmost Conrail diesel, GE B36-7 #5045 exploded and burned down to the frame completely destroying the unit. The middle unit, #5052, sustained significant damage to the front while lead unit #5044 had little damage.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
One of Amtrak's AEM-7s, #900, was buried under the wreckage, while the lead locomotive, #903, ended up among some trees on the west side of the right of way. Several Budd Company Amfleet cars were piled up, with some crushed under the pile.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
Cromwell, who was on the lead locomotive with Gates, suffered a broken leg in the collision. Gates was uninjured. The Amtrak engineer, lounge car Lead Service Attendant and 14 passengers were killed.


1987 Maryland train collision, The collision
The front cars on the Amtrak #94 train suffered the greatest extent of damage and were almost completely crushed. However, they were nearly empty - awaiting additional holiday passengers en route who would have boarded the train at stations further north. According to the NTSB, had these cars been fully occupied at the time, the death toll would have been at least 100. There were relatively few passengers on those cars, however, and so the death toll was much less. Most of the dead were on Amtrak car #21236.


1987 Maryland train collision, Post-collision response and cleanup
With a total passenger load of about 600 people, there was a great deal of confusion after the collision. Witnesses and neighbors ran to the smoking train and helped remove injured and dazed passengers, even before the first emergency vehicles could arrive at the location.


1987 Maryland train collision, Post-collision response and cleanup
While many of the injured passengers were aided by nearby residents, some of the uninjured passengers wandered away, making it difficult for Amtrak to know the complete story.


1987 Maryland train collision, Post-collision response and cleanup
Emergency personnel worked for many hours in the frigid cold to extricate trapped passengers from the wreckage, impeded by the stainless-steel Amfleet cars' skin resistance to ordinary hydraulic rescue tools. Helicopters and ambulances transported injured people to hospitals and trauma centers. It was over 10 hours after the collision before the final trapped people were freed from the wreckage.


1987 Maryland train collision, Post-collision response and cleanup
It was several days before the wrecked equipment was removed and the track and electrical propulsion system were returned to service.


1987 Maryland train collision, Post-collision response and cleanup
Conrail diesel, GE B36-7 #5045 was completely destroyed while #5044 and #5052 were repaired and returned to service. Both Amtrak's AEM-7s and a few Amfleet cars were also destroyed in the collision.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
Gates and Cromwell initially denied smoking marijuana. However, they later tested positive for the substance. A National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation revealed that had Gates slowed down at the signals as required, he would have stopped in time. It also determined that Gates and Cromwell's marijuana use was the "probable cause" of the accident. Gates and Cromwell were immediately suspended by Conrail pending an internal investigation, but resigned rather than face certain termination.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
Gates was eventually charged with manslaughter by locomotive; under Maryland law a locomotive is considered a motor vehicle. Prosecutors cut a deal with Cromwell in which he agreed to testify against Gates in return for immunity. Gates was sentenced to five years in state prison and one year's probation, and was later sentenced to an additional three years on federal charges of lying to the NTSB. Gates' history of DWI (driving while intoxicated) convictions as well as his admission that the crew had been using marijuana while on duty led for a call to certify locomotive engineers as to their qualifications and history.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
Toxicology tests on the Amtrak engineer's body returned negative. In a 3-2 decision, the NTSB report stated that the speed of train #94 at the time the brakes were applied, between 120 and 125 mph (193 and 201 km/h), was an unauthorized excessive speed, since the maximum for an Amtrak train carrying Heritage cars was 105 mph (169 km/h). The excessive speed was determined to have been a contributing factor to the amount of damage to both trains at the point of impact. The two dissenters to the report believed that it was unreasonable to assign contributory blame to the Amtrak engineer based solely on the premise of the Heritage car lowering its speed limit.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
Gates was released from prison in 1992 after serving four years (two years of a state sentence, then two more years of a federal sentence), and then worked as an abuse counselor at a treatment center. In a 1993 interview with The Baltimore Sun, Gates said the accident would have never happened if not for the marijuana, saying that it had thrown off his "perception of speed and distance and time." He admitted that in his rush to get back to Baltimore and get high, he skipped critical safety checks; he believed that had he performed those checks, "I wouldn't have been in front of that train." He also revealed he had smoked marijuana on the job several times.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
Additionally, it was never determined if the alerter whistle was muted while the locomotives were at Bayview yard. The alerter whistle on these locomotives were notorious for being irritating and loud, which was pointed out in a 1979 accident of a Union Pacific train in Wyoming which involved muting the whistle with a rag.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
The whistle was easily accessible by removing a cover on the back of the control stand that was sealed with latches, so it was possible for the Conrail crew to have muted the whistle before they left or before the units arrived at Bayview yard (which would have been done by other crews), but Gates reported that the whistle was relatively faint when it was tested, which meant that it could not be heard over the sound of the trailing units. The whistle was so well muted, that when it was sent to the FBI, they were not able to determine when and who muted it, due to the lack of fingerprints.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
When Conrail unit 5044 was tested after the accident, it was found that all light bulbs (including a replacement for the missing one) were working, and it was undetermined if the light bulb was removed while Conrail and Amtrak left the units unattended. Gates recalled having tested the cab signalling and seeing all the aspects, but he might have not looked at all the lights.


1987 Maryland train collision, Investigation, charges and conviction
The deadmans pedal was also found to have been disabled, when Gates was trying to reactivate the cab signaling system by switching it off in the nose of the locomotive (this was despite the cab signalling and deadmans pedal levers being different in aspect). The data recorder found that the reverser was put into the reverse position two hours after the accident, and the locomotive's fuses, battery and engine switched off.


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
As a result of the wreck, all locomotives operating on the Northeast Corridor are now required to have automatic cab signaling with an automatic train stop feature. Although common on passenger trains up until that time, cab signals combined with train stop and speed control had never been installed on freight locomotives due to potential train handling issues at high speed. Conrail subsequently developed a device called a locomotive speed limiter (LSL), a computerized device that is designed to monitor and control the rate of deceleration for restrictive signals in conjunction with cab signals. All freight locomotives which operate on the Northeast Corridor must now be equipped with an operating LSL which also limits top speed to 50 mph (80 km/h). Previously, freight locomotives were only required to have automatic cab signals without an automatic train stop feature.


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
Also as a direct result of this collision, federal legislation was enacted that required the FRA to develop a system of federal certification for locomotive engineers. These regulations went into effect in January 1990. Since then, railroads are required by law to certify that their engineers are properly trained and qualified, and that they have no drug or alcohol impairment motor vehicle convictions for the five-year period prior to certification. Another effect was that age-old Rule G (The use of intoxicants or narcotics by employees subject to duty, or their possession or use while in duty, is prohibited. — UCOR, 1962) was revamped to:


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
Employees are prohibited from engaging in the following activities while on duty or reporting for duty:


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
1. Using alcoholic beverages or intoxicants, having them in their possession, or being under the influence.


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
2. Using or being under the influence of any drug, medication, or other controlled substance - including prescribed medication - that will in any way adversely affect their alertness, coordination, reaction, response or safety. Employees having questions about possible adverse effects of prescribed medication must consult a Company medical officer before reporting for duty.


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
3. Illegally possessing or selling a drug, narcotic or other controlled substance.


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
An employee may be required to take a breath test and/or provide a urine sample if the Company reasonably suspects violation of this rule. Refusal to comply with this requirement will be considered a violation of this rule and the employee will be promptly removed from service. Source: NORAC operating rules 6th edition effective  January 1, 1997


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
A form of Rule G has existed in many railroad operating manuals for decades. However, the federal codification of this rule was deemed necessary to assure that any violator would be dealt with in a consistent and harsh manner. Also, anyone who passes a stop signal loses his or her FRA certification for a period not less than 30 days for a first offense. This is per 49 CFR part 240.


1987 Maryland train collision, Changes for future prevention
In 1991—prompted in large part by the Chase crash—Congress authorized mandatory random drug-testing for all employees in "safety-sensitive" jobs in industries regulated by DOT.


1987 Maryland train collision, Memorials
Ten years after the collision, the McDonogh School of Owings Mills, Maryland decided to build a 448-seat theater in memory of one of the crash's victims and alumna, 16-year-old Ceres Millicent Horn, daughter of American mathematicians Roger and Susan Horn. Ceres Horn graduated from McDonogh at age 15 and enrolled and was accepted at Princeton University at age 16 where she majored in astrophysics.


1987 Maryland train collision, Memorials
On January 4, 2007, the 20th anniversary of the crash, her family visited the theatre for the first time and attended a ceremony at the McDonogh School held in honor of their daughter.


1987 Maryland train collision, Memorials
The Baltimore County Fire Department's medical commander at the scene 20 years earlier told the newspaper that the Amtrak crash is still being used as a case study in effective disaster response. "The reason is how the members of the professional and volunteer fire departments and the community people got together." It was, he said, "a very sad but a very proud moment" in his career.


1987 Masters (snooker)
The 1987 Benson & Hedges Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 25 January and 1 February 1987 at the Wembley Conference Centre in London, England.


1987 Masters (snooker)
Alex Higgins dominated the tournament. He defeated Terry Griffiths in the first round 5–4, after being 2–4 down, and won the match before his fans invaded the Wembley Conference Centre to greet him similar to his 1985 match with Steve Davis in the same round. He then cruised past World Champion Joe Johnson and Tony Meo before facing fellow Irishman Dennis Taylor in the final, which turned out to be a late night finish. Higgins led 8–5 by the evening session, but Taylor won the last 4 frames to win his only Masters title and his first major title since beating Steve Davis in the 1985 World Championship.


1987 Masters (snooker)
This was the first, and to date only, major final to feature 2 players from Northern Ireland. It also stood as the last time a player from Northern Ireland had won a Triple Crown title for over 30 years until Mark Allen's victory in the 2018 Masters.


1987 Masters (snooker)
Also in the 1987 Masters, Ray Reardon made his last appearance in the competition, when he played Joe Johnson. Cliff Thorburn failed to make it three Masters titles in row, when he lost 5–6 to Dennis Taylor in the semi-final. The highest break of the tournament was 136 made by Jimmy White.


1987 Masters (snooker), Field
Defending champion Cliff Thorburn was the number 1 seed with World Champion Joe Johnson seeded 2. The remaining places were allocated to players based on the world rankings. Neal Foulds was making his debut in the Masters.


1987 Masters Tournament
The 1987 Masters Tournament was the 51st Masters Tournament, held April 9−12 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Augusta native Larry Mize won his only major championship in a sudden-death playoff over Seve Ballesteros and Greg Norman. Norman had barely missed a 20-foot (6 m) birdie opportunity on the 72nd hole which would have won him the tournament in regulation.


1987 Masters Tournament
The playoff began on the par-4 10th hole, where the approach shots of Ballesteros and Norman came to rest on the fringe, and Mize's was on the green, below the hole. Ballesteros failed to par and was eliminated while Norman two-putted for four. Mize's uphill birdie putt came up short and he tapped in to continue with Norman.


1987 Masters Tournament
Both of their tee shots were in the fairway on the next hole, the par-4 11th, but with the pond on the left of the green, Mize's avoidant approach shot was about pin-high but well right, about 140 feet (45 m) from the hole. Norman then played conservatively to the right fringe, with a 50-foot (15 m) putt, sensing a par could win the green jacket. But Mize chipped in for an improbable birdie 3 and a stunned Norman failed to hole his to tie, which ended the tournament. Mize was the first, and only winner of the Masters to come from Augusta.


1987 Masters Tournament
It was considered one of the most miraculous shots (and endings) in major championship history, and was just one of the many "bad breaks" in Norman's career.


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
Tommy Aaron, Seve Ballesteros (3,8), Gay Brewer, Billy Casper, Charles Coody, Ben Crenshaw (8,9,11,12), Raymond Floyd (2,4,9,11,12,13), Doug Ford, Bernhard Langer (8,9,12), Jack Nicklaus (8,9), Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, Craig Stadler (9,13), Art Wall Jr., Tom Watson (2,3,8,12), Fuzzy Zoeller (2,8,9,11,12,13)


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
Hubert Green (13), Hal Sutton (9,11,12,13), Lee Trevino (9), Bob Tway (8,9,10,11,12)


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
Buddy Alexander (6,7,a), Chris Kite (a), Bob Lewis (7,a), Brian Montgomery (a)


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
Dave Barr, Chen Tze-chung (11), Jay Haas, Donnie Hammond (12), Tom Kite (11,12,13), Gary Koch (9), Roger Maltbie, Mark McCumber (9), Larry Mize (12), Tsuneyuki Nakajima, Corey Pavin (11,12), Calvin Peete (12,13), Nick Price, Payne Stewart (9,10,11,12), Curtis Strange (11,13)


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
Chip Beck, Mark Calcavecchia (11), David Frost, David Graham (10), Jodie Mudd, Joey Sindelar (12), Scott Verplank, Bobby Wadkins (12), Lanny Wadkins (11,143), Denis Watson


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
Mike Hulbert (11,12), Bruce Lietzke, Jim Thorpe (11,12), D. A. Weibring


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
Paul Azinger (12), Andy Bean (12), George Burns, Rick Fehr, Ernie Gonzalez, Ken Green (12), Johnny Miller, Bob Murphy, Mac O'Grady (12), Dan Pohl (12), Gene Sauers, Scott Simpson, Fred Wadsworth, Mark Wiebe (12)


1987 Masters Tournament, Field
John Cook, Kenny Knox, John Mahaffey, Mark O'Meara (13), Don Pooley, Doug Tewell


1987 Matchroom League
The 1987 Rothmans Matchroom League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from January to May 1987.


1987 Matchroom League, League phase
The table points were decided by frame wins, followed by match wins to determine players' positions. If two players had an identical record then the result in their match determined their positions. If that ended 4–4 then the player who got to four first was higher.


1987 Matchroom Professional Championship
The 1987 Matchroom Professional Championship was the second edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament which took place in October 1987 in Southend-on-Sea, England.


1987 Matchroom Professional Championship
The tournament featured seven professional players, all part of Barry Hearn's Matchroom Sport stable. The tournament was won by Dennis Taylor, who defeated reigning champion Willie Thorne 10–9 in the final.


1987 Mauritian general election
General elections were held in Mauritius on 30 August 1987. The result was a victory for the Alliance, composed of the Labour Party, the Mauritian Socialist Movement and the Mauritian Social Democrat Party, which won 44 of the 70 seats.


1987 Mauritian general election
The voting system involved twenty constituencies on Mauritius, which each elected three members. Two seats were elected by residents of Rodrigues, and up to eight seats were filled by the "best losers". Voter turnout was 85%.


1987 Mauritian general election, Results
All 24 seats won by the Union were taken by the MMM. Of the 40 seats won by the MSM–Labour Party alliance, 31 were won by the MSM (26 constituency, five best loser) and nine by the Labour Party (all constituency seats).


1987 Mayo Senior Football Championship
This is a round-up of the 1987 Mayo Senior Football Championship. Ballina Stephenites regained the Moclair Cup after defeating old rivals and holders Castlebar Mitchels in the final.


1987 Mayo Senior Football Championship, Mayo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:I. HeffernanE. GlancyGerry LeonardP. WardeJ. GalvinE. MelvinT. LyonsLiam McHale (1-1)J. Browne (0- 1)Kevin McStay (0-1)B. MolloyM. McGrath (0-3)P. McStay (0- 1)K. RoweT. Tighe (0-1)


1987 Mayo Senior Football Championship, Mayo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:P. GavinM. FlynnR. MeeJ. BrennanI. ReidyM. FeeneyK. MurphyH. GavinM. WalshM. KilleenM. Carney (0-2)F. JoyceB. Kilkelly (1-0)D. O'ReillyT. Reilly (1-0)


1987 McDonald's All-American Boys Game
The 1987 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Sunday, April 12, 1987 at The Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 1987. The game was the 10th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978.


1987 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, 1987 game
The game was telecast live by ABC. The rosters notably had many forwards: the East had Brian Shorter and Perry Carter, while the West had Larry Johnson and Marcus Liberty, two of the top ranked prospect of their class. The game saw the East gaining and advantage during the first half, and at halftime the score was 66-52. The West attempted to come back during the second half, but they were unable to outscore the East and eventually lost the game by 10 points.


1987 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, 1987 game
Shorter, who was attending Oak Hill Academy but was born in Philadelphia, scored 24 points and recorded 8 rebounds, while Marcus Liberty scored 18 points; Larry Johnson had 16 and Mark Macon scored 14. Macon's good overall performance earned him the MVP award. Of the 25 players, 15 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA.


1987 McDonald's Open
The 1987 McDonald's Open took place at MECCA Arena in Milwaukee, United States. This was the first edition of the McDonald's Championship and was a round-robin competition between 3 teams.


1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
The 1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 61st edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 19 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.


1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
This was Bellewstown's first ever year the grade as they were promoted from the J.F.C. after claiming the 1986 Meath Junior Football Championship title, beating Simonstown Gaels in the final.


1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
Ballivor were relegated from the S.F.C. last year, and returned to the middle grade after a 5-year absence.


1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
On 18 October 1987, Oldcastle claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Dunderry 5-6 to 3-4 in the final at Kells.


1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1986 championship season.


1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage
There are 4 groups called Group A, B, C and D. The top two finishers in all groups will qualify for the quarter finals.


1987 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Knock-out Stages, Finals
The teams in the quarter-finals are the top two finishers from each group.


1987 Meath Senior Football Championship
The 1987 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 95th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 14 teams, with the winner going on to represent Meath in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.


1987 Meath Senior Football Championship
Summerhill were the defending champions after they defeated Seneschalstown in the previous years final, however in this year's campaign they failed to progress past the group phase. They were chosen to represent Meath in the 1987 Leinster Senior Club Football Championship as the Meath SFC was still ongoing by the first round of the Leinster Club SFC at the beginning of October, due to Meath's All-Ireland success.


1987 Meath Senior Football Championship
Gaeil Colmcille returned to the senior grade after a three-year absence when claiming the 1986 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title.


1987 Meath Senior Football Championship
Navan O'Mahonys claimed their 12th S.F.C. title when defeating Skryne 0-13 to 1-9 in the final at Kells on 1 October 1987. Brian Smyth raised the Keegan Cup for O'Mahonys while his brother Brian Reilly claimed the 'Man of the Match' award.


1987 Meath Senior Football Championship
Martry Harps were regraded to the I.F.C. for 1988 after just two years in the S.F.C. failing to win a match. Syddan's superb 46-year run in the Senior grade also ended with relegation this year.


1987 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1986 championship season.


1987 Meath Senior Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
The teams in the quarter-finals are the second placed teams from each group and the Group C winner. The teams in the semi finals are Group A and B winners along with the quarter final winners.


1987 Mecca incident
The 1987 Mecca incident was a clash between Shia pilgrim demonstrators and the Saudi Arabian security forces, during the Hajj pilgrimage; it occurred in Mecca on 31 July 1987 and led to the deaths of over 400 people. The event has been variously described as a "riot" or a "massacre". It arose from escalating tensions between Shia Iran and Sunni Saudi Arabia.


1987 Mecca incident
Since 1981, Iranian pilgrims had held an annual political demonstration against Israel and the United States, but in 1987, a cordon of Saudi police and the Saudi Arabian National Guard had sealed part of the planned anti-Western demonstration route, leading to a confrontation between them and the pilgrims. This escalated into a violent clash, followed by a deadly stampede. According to some beliefs, the conflict depended less on the religious centrality of the site and more on political choreography.


1987 Mecca incident
There is a controversy regarding the details of the incident, with both Iran and Saudi Arabia laying much of the blame on the other side. Official Saudi reports hold that 402 people died in the incident including 275 Iranian pilgrims, 85 Saudi police and 42 pilgrims from other countries. On the other hand, Iran reported the death of 400 Iranian pilgrims and the injury of several thousands. According to The New York Times, more than 400 pilgrims had died, and thousands more injured. After the incident, Iranians attacked the Saudi, Kuwaiti and French Embassies, abducting four Saudis from the embassy.


1987 Mecca incident, Background
For years, Iranian pilgrims had tried to stage demonstrations called "Distancing Ourselves from Mushrikīn" (برائت از مشرکين) in the Muslim holy city of Mecca during the hajj. "Anti shah, anti-Israel and anti-American propaganda during the Hajj" had been begun to spread by followers of Khomeini since around 1971. These demonstrations had their origins in 1971, when Ruhollah Khomeini instructed his Shiite followers to distribute political messages when performing their pilgrimage.


1987 Mecca incident, Background
Even though a few Iranians were arrested for this act, the Saudi officials were generally apathetic, as they did not view these political messages to be a threat to the Saudi royalty. After the revolution, Iran claimed that "the Hajj and the Holy places should be placed under international oversight as opposed to being managed by the Saudis alone." So the tension between Iran and Saudi based on the hajj was started in the 1980s. These disturbances were reacted to by the Saudi government with anger because "the Hajj is an important legitimizing factor for the Saudi ruling family".


1987 Mecca incident, Background
The first large strike between Shia pilgrims and Saudi security forces occurred in 1981. In 1981, this was escalated into openly chanting political slogans in the Masjid al-Haram and the Prophet's Mosque, two of the holiest sites in Islam, resulting in violent clashes with Saudi security and one death. In the same year, King Khalid of Saudi Arabia wrote a letter to Saddam Hussein saying "crush these stupid Iranians" as Saddam pushed on with the invasion of Iranian territory.


1987 Mecca incident, Background
Before the demonstrations started, Khomeini instructed the Iranian pilgrims to maintain peace and remain civil during the pilgrimage. In the following years, both sides tried to calm the situation: Khomeini urged his followers to maintain peace and order, not to distribute printed political material, and not to criticize Muslim governments. In return, Saudi officials reversed their earlier position and allowed two separate demonstrations to take place: One in Mecca, and the other in Medina.


1987 Mecca incident, Background
By 1986, the situation was calm enough for Saudi officials to re-open the sealed al-Baqi' cemetery for Shiite pilgrims, and in response, Khomeini's representative formally thanked the Saudi King for the gesture. However, in the same year, Iranian radical Mehdi Hashemi was accused of smuggling explosives on an airplane headed for Saudi Arabia, renewing Saudi fears.


1987 Mecca incident, Demonstrations
According to the speech early in July 1987, Khoiniha said that "a mere march or demonstration by Iranians would not suffice. He demanded that the Saudi regime allow Iranian pilgrims to enter the Great Mosque in Mecca at the end of their demonstration where their representative would explain Iran’s case regarding the Iran Iraq war. " As a result of strict dialogues, it was allowed that "the demonstration would end half a kilometer before the great Mosque", but the decision "put the Saudi security forces on a high state of alert".


1987 Mecca incident, Demonstrations
On Friday 31 July 1987, the demonstration started amid heightened security after Friday's midday prayers, while Iranian pilgrims chanted "Death to America! Death to the Soviet Union! Death to Israel!". The march was uneventful until towards the end of the planned route, where the demonstrators found their way blocked by Saudi riot police and National Guardsmen. At this point, some of the Iranians began to call for the demonstrations to press ahead and continue to the Great Mosque.


1987 Mecca incident, Demonstrations
While this was happening, unidentified persons began harassing the Iranian pilgrims by throwing bricks and other objects at them from a nearby location. These factors exacerbated the situation, escalating it into a violent clash between the Iranian pilgrims and Saudi security, with the Saudis reportedly using truncheons and electric prods and the Iranians using knives and clubs.


1987 Mecca incident, Demonstrations
The details are controversial. Saudi security personnel reportedly opened fire on the demonstrators, a charge which Saudi officials deny. Iranian officials maintain that the Saudis had fired on the protesters without provocation, and that the demonstrations had been peaceful. Saudi officials insist that no shots were fired, and that all deaths were caused by the melee and stampede. In a Washington news conference, the Saudi ambassador Prince Bandar bin Sultan claimed that "not one bullet was fired", blaming the violence on the Iranian pilgrims who he accused of "brandishing knives, clubs and broken glass drawn from beneath their cloaks". Robin Wright also reports that "Many of the Iranian bodies, shown to American and European reporters immediately upon their return to Tehran, had bullet punctures." Ami Ayalon, an Israeli politician, wrote that "most of the Iranian pilgrims apparently shot by Saudi security authorities during the demonstration.


1987 Mecca incident, Demonstrations, Casualties
The rioting and the resulting stampede caused a reported 402 dead (275 Iranians, 85 Saudis including policemen, and 42 pilgrims from other countries) and 649 wounded (303 Iranians, 145 Saudis and 201 other nationals). The Iranian news agency announced that "200 Iranians had been killed and more than 2,000 wounded".


1987 Mecca incident, Aftermath
Further adding to the tensions were the demands made by Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha in 1987 to allow the Iranian pilgrims to hold their demonstrations within the Great Mosque itself, and without the presence of security guards. Khoeiniha had been earlier appointed as the supervisor and personal representative of Ayatollah Khomeini for Hajj affairs, but had been expelled from Saudi Arabia in 1982. Even though Mehdi Karrubi, who was Khomeini's official pilgrimage representative that year, tried to assure Saudi officials that the demonstrations would take place in the usual manner and in the agreed routes, it did little to quell the Saudi fears.


1987 Mecca incident, Aftermath
After the incident 1987, the Hajj for three years between 1988 and 1990 was banned by Iran, Although "diplomatic ties were restored in 1991".


1987 Mecca incident, Aftermath
On 1 August 1987, a spontaneous demonstration by enraged Iranians ended with attacks on the Kuwaiti and Saudi embassies in Tehran. On the same day, the Iranian leader Khomeini called on Saudis to overthrow the House of Saud to avenge the pilgrims' deaths.


1987 Mecca incident, Aftermath
Both sides took additional measures to bolster their view on the issue. Saudi Arabia severed ties with Iran and reduced the number of permitted Iranian pilgrims to 45,000, down from 150,000 in earlier years. Iran boycotted the Hajj for three years, from 1988 to 1990. In 1991, Iran and Saudi Arabia renewed diplomatic relations after coming to an agreement to allow Iranian pilgrims to perform the Hajj once more. The total number of pilgrims was set at 115,000, and the demonstrations were allowed to be held, but only in one specific location granted by the Saudis. Under this agreement, Iranian pilgrims continued their annual demonstration in the 1990s and 2000s with few or no incidents. They limited their rally to within the confines of their compound in Mecca.


1987 Mecca incident, Aftermath
Approximately 20,000 Pakistani troops stationed in Saudi Arabia were sent back to Pakistan, as Saudi Arabia was uncomfortable with the presence of Shi'ite soldiers.


1987 Mecca incident, Reaction
Ali Khamenei said following the incident that "They are now propagandizing and claiming that this incident was a war between Shia and Sunni. This is a lie! Of course, there is a war, but a war between the American perception of Islam and true revolutionary Islam."


1987 Mecca incident, Reaction
Ayatollah Hussein Ali Montazeri asked Muslim religious leaders to "wrest control of Islam's holy sites in Saudi Arabia from the royal family." As the ruling Revolutionary Command Council, ostensibly an organ of the secular Baath Arab socialist movement in Iraq demanded, visiting Islam's holy sites by Iranians should be banned. The Party of God in Lebanon asked Saudi Arabia to "pay for the deaths of the Shiite pilgrims."


1987 Mediterranean Games
The X Mediterranean Games – Latakia 1987 (Arabic: ألعاب البحر الأبيض المتوسط 1987), commonly known as the 1987 Mediterranean Games, were the 10th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Latakia, Syria, from 11 to 25 September 1987, where 1,996 athletes (1,529 men and 467 women) from 18 countries participated. There were a total of 162 medal events from 19 different sports.


1987 Mediterranean Games, Participating nations
The following is a list of nations that participated in the 1987 Mediterranean Games:


1987 Meerut communal riots
The 1987 Meerut masscacre were a series of violent communal disturbances between Hindus and Muslims in the northern Uttar Pradesh town Meerut which occurred from March to June 1987, which resulted in the death of more than 100 people.


1987 Meerut communal riots, Background
The tension started in 1986 when the black seal of the disputed structure commonly known as Babri Masjid in Ayodhya was opened by the Government which led the Muslim extremists to make some hateful speeches. The disputed structure was commonly known as Babri Masjid. The Ram Janmabhoomi controversy created the communal tension in Uttar Pradesh. It was alleged by Hindus side that the disputed structure commonly known as Babri Masjid was constructed by Babur after the demolition of a Ram Mandir back in 1528 A.D.


1987 Meerut communal riots, Violence
Inflammatory speeches were made by Muslim Extremist leaders, which created communal tensions in the area. This resulted in  Muslims organising a rally held in March 1987 by the All India Babri Masjid Action Committee, a non-government organization representing Muslims which increased communal tensions in Meerut and ultimately led to communal clashes in April. 10 people died in these riots and there were many misinformation spread on murder of a Hindu man due to a land dispute aggravated issues, due to which additional police and subsequently the army and CRPF being called in to restore order.


1987 Meerut communal riots, Violence
The first acts of violence were between the police and Muslims in which the police fired on protesting Muslims but later on became a communal riot between Hindus and Muslims. A Hindu shop owner was stabbed to death by Muslim which led Muslims being targeted during the violence by the police and the Hindu rioters which killed Hundreds  in the next few days as the riots spread to Modinagar. Estimated property loss was around 50 crores. Hindu and Muslim doctors faced the wrath of their own community for treating patients of other community.


1987 Meerut communal riots, Violence
According to People's Union for Civil Liberties, after a Muslim girl was crushed under police jeep. This resulted in the police firing at the mob which killed several people. A car was also attacked by the Muslim mob, killing inside a famous local Hindu doctor named Dr Prabhat.


1987 Meerut communal riots, Violence
50 gazetted police officers and more than 60 companies of the PAC, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and the Army had to control the riots. Many Muslims were burnt alive by a Hindu mob in villages on the outskirts of Meerut city.


1987 Meerut communal riots, Violence
PAC officials have been charged by court of filling buses with Muslims taken from their homes and killing them. Later throwing those dead bodies in the canal.


1987 Meerut communal riots, Trials and 2018 verdict
On 6 September 2018, the Delhi High Court reserved its verdict in the case. On 31 October 2018, the Delhi High Court convicted 16 former PAC personnel for life after finding them guilty of the murder of 42 people.


1987 Memorial Cup
The 1987 Memorial Cup occurred May 9–15 at the Oshawa Civic Auditorium in Oshawa, Ontario. It was the 69th annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). Oshawa earned the right to host by winning a "Super Series" between themselves and the champions of the Emms Division, the North Bay Centennials. Given that Oshawa defeated North Bay in the OHL finals as well, only three teams participated that year. Participating teams were the Ontario Hockey League champion and host Oshawa Generals, as well as the winners of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League and Western Hockey League which were the Longueuil Chevaliers and Medicine Hat Tigers. Medicine Hat won their first Memorial Cup, defeating Oshawa in the final game.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Longueuil Chevaliers
The Longueuil Chevaliers represented the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League at the 1987 Memorial Cup. The Chevaliers were the top team in the Lebel Division in the QMJHL during the 1986-87 season, as they posted a record of 46-20-4, earning 96 points. Longueuil scored 369 goals during the regular season, ranking them fifth in the ten team league. The Chevaliers were the top defensive team in the QMJHL, allowing 259 goals. In the Lebel Division semi-final round-robin, Longueuil earned a record of 5-3, advancing to the Lebel Division finals against the Laval Titan. In their playoff series against Laval, the Chevaliers defeated the Titan in a very close seven game series to advance to the President's Cup. In the final round, Longueuil defeated the Shawinigan Cataractes in five games to win the championship and represent the QMJHL at the 1987 Memorial Cup.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Longueuil Chevaliers
The Chevaliers offense was led by Marc Bureau, who scored a team high 54 goals and 112 points in 66 games. Mark Saumier scored 39 goals and 88 points in 50 games, while accumulating 250 penalty minutes. In the post-season, Saumier led the Chevaliers with 15 goals and 41 points in 20 games. Saumier was awarded the Guy Lafleur Trophy as QMJHL Playoff MVP. Midway through the season, Longueuil received a boost on offense, as Mario Debenedictis joined the club after beginning the year at McGill University.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Longueuil Chevaliers
In 28 games, Debenedictis scored 13 goals and 29 points, while in the post-season, he scored 16 goals and 35 points in 20 games. On defense, Yves Racine emerged as a top prospect for the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, as he scored seven goals and 50 points in 70 games in his rookie season. In goal, Robert Desjardins was the Chevaliers starter, as he posted a 37-14-4 record with a 3.25 GAA in 57 games. Desjardins won the Jacques Plante Memorial Trophy as he led the QMJHL in Goals Against Average. He was also named the winner of the Michel Briere Memorial Trophy, given to the QMJHL Most Valuable Player.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Longueuil Chevaliers
The 1987 Memorial Cup would be the first time in team history that Longueuil would qualify for the tournament. It would also be the last, as following the tournament, the Chevaliers relocated to Victoriaville, Quebec and became the Victoriaville Tigres.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Medicine Hat Tigers
The Medicine Hat Tigers represented the Western Hockey League at the 1987 Memorial Cup. The Tigers were the top team in the East Division during the 1986-87 season, earning a record of 48-19-5, which gave the club 101 points. Medicine Hat had the third highest scoring team in the league, as they recorded 383 goals. Defensively, the Tigers tied for first with allowing the fewest goals, as they allowed 264 goals. In the East Division semi-finals, Medicine Hat defeated the Moose Jaw Warriors in six games.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Medicine Hat Tigers
In the East Division finals, the Tigers won against the Saskatoon Blades in a thrilling seven game series, advancing to the Ed Chynoweth Cup. In the championship round, Medicine Hat defeated the Portland Winter Hawks in another thrilling seven game series to capture the WHL championship, and earn a berth into the 1987 Memorial Cup.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Medicine Hat Tigers
The Tigers offense was led by Mark Pederson, who led the club with 56 goals and 102 points in 69 games. Pederson continued to lead the team in the post-season, as he scored 19 goals and 26 points in 20 games. Neil Brady scored 19 goals and 83 points in 57 games, while Wayne Hynes scored 38 goals and 81 points in 72 games. Rocky Dundas joined the Tigers in a mid-season trade with the Spokane Chiefs. In 29 games with Medicine Hat, Dundas scored 22 goals and 46 points.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Medicine Hat Tigers
On defense, Scott McCrady led the scoring, as he had 10 goals and 76 points in 70 games. Wayne McBean emerged as a top prospect for the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, as he scored 12 goals and 53 points in 71 games. McBean would be named a co-winner of the Bill Hunter Trophy, awarded to the Top Defenseman in the WHL. Keith Van Rooyen helped bolster the defense after being acquired by the Tigers from the Spokane Chiefs in a trade. In 45 games, Van Rooyen scored seven goals and 45 points.


1987 Memorial Cup, Teams, Medicine Hat Tigers
Dean Chynoweth also emerged as a top prospect for the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, as he played a very tough defensive game, scoring three goals and 22 points in 67 games, while leading the team with 285 penalty minutes. Jamie Huscroft was acquired in a mid-season trade with the Seattle Thunderbirds. In 14 games with Medicine Hat, Huscroft scored three goals and six points, while accumulating 71 penalty minutes. Mark Fitzpatrick was the Tigers starting goaltender, as he posted a 3.35 GAA in 50 games.