1988 PBA Reinforced Conference Finals, Games summary, Game 4
San Miguel established a big lead early, the third quarter saw Shell mount an uprising that brought them within a couple of baskets of the Beermen until Samboy Lim, who had been fantastic throughout the series, engineered a counter-rally that gave them a dominating 100-85 lead going into the last 12 minutes. Rookie Jay Ramirez was slapped off a deliberate foul on Samboy Lim with some 43 seconds remaining in the game when Samboy apparently got hit on the teeth by Jay's elbow, causing him to bleed in the mouth.


1988 PBA Reinforced Conference Finals, Games summary, Game 5
Shell took the first two quarters until Samboy Lim once more led his team to a double-digit margin from a 64-70 halftime deficit to a 105-99 San Miguel advantage at the end of the third period. Shell coach Dante Silverio, visibly upset over the poor officiating, was irked when confetti rained down on Shell's frontcourt with 1:11 left to play, the Beermen on top, 145-134.


1988 PBA Reinforced Conference Finals, Games summary, Game 5
There were only 36 seconds before the final buzzer and the score, 147-138 for San Miguel, when Silverio summoned his players to walkout and immediately leave the playing arena and go back to their locker room, PBA Vice Chairman Jose Ibazeta, who was seated on the San Miguel bench, went to Silverio and tried to convince him to return to the court and apologized for what happened, after some prodding, Silverio acceded to their request of coming back to finish the game, the clock was set back to 1:11 and the count at 145-134 for San Miguel, the Oilers went back with coach Dante Silverio leading the way.


1988 PBA draft
The 1988 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) rookie draft was an event at which teams drafted players from the amateur ranks. The draft was held on February 29, 1988.


1988 PBA draft, Direct-hire rookies
The PBA's newest ballclub Purefoods Hotdogs signed Glenn Capacio from FEU, Jerry Codiñera from UE, Jojo Lastimosa from San Jose-Recoletos and Alvin Patrimonio from Mapua as direct rookie free agents.


1988 PBA season
The 1988 PBA season was the 14th season of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).


1988 PBA/IBA World Challenge Cup
The 1988 Coca-Cola PBA/IBA World Challenge Cup was the 2nd staging of the PBA/IBA series hosted by the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the International Basketball Association. The one-week event took place on September 18–25.


1988 PBA/IBA World Challenge Cup, Tournament details
Two PBA basketball clubs; All-Filipino Conference champion Añejo Rum 65ers and All-Filipino Conference third placer Alaska Milkmen were joined by the IBA representative, Los Angeles Jaguars, coached by Paul Howards, and the Australian selection, Aussie All-Stars, coached by Ken Cole. Among those playing for the Jaguars were Sean Chambers, 6'2" NBA veteran Rudy White, Tran Sawyer, Quintin Stephens. The Australian All-star team had two Americans, Jerry Everett and Rick Sharp, although a third American scheduled to play, Mark Davis was unable to make the trip. The 65ers played with only one import, Bobby Parks, borrowed from Shell, while the Milkmen were reinforced by Willie Bland and Eddie Cox.


1988 PBA/IBA World Challenge Cup, Finals
Romulo Mamaril came from nowhere to deliver the winning basket, struck with a lay-up in the last three seconds that shattered the 126-all deadlock and power Añejo to a 128-126 triumph over Alaska for the PBA/IBA championship. The Rum Masters led by 14 points in the third quarter but Alaska's Willie Bland rallied the Airmen back to tie the count at 97-all, a seesaw battle ensued in the final six minutes before Mamaril came through with his heroics. Añejo's Bobby Parks was named Most Valuable Player of the 2nd PBA/IBA Cup.


1988 PBA/IBA World Challenge Cup, IBA and WBL
In May that year, it was reported that the International Basketball Association (IBA) virtually collapsed as eight franchises bolted the organization to form a splinter league called World Basketball League (WBL). The original IBA group was left in control of only two clubs, the Los Angeles Jaguars and Syracuse Shooting Stars.


1988 PBA/IBA World Challenge Cup, IBA and WBL
According to sources, Chicago Express owner Barry Fox led the uprising that left IBA pioneers Dennis Murphy, the man who translated the concept of an international league for 6'4" and under into reality, and Austin (Rocky) Kalish hold a nearly empty back.


1988 PBA/IBA World Challenge Cup, IBA and WBL
The WBL sets a height limit of 6-5 for its players.


1988 PGA Championship
The 1988 PGA Championship was the 70th PGA Championship, held August 11–14 at Oak Tree Golf Club in Edmond, Oklahoma, a suburb north of Oklahoma City. Jeff Sluman shot a final round 65 (−6) to win his only major title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Paul Azinger, the 36-hole and 54-hole leader and former college teammate. Azinger was the reigning Player of the Year on the PGA Tour.


1988 PGA Championship
In the penultimate pairing on Sunday, Sluman was three strokes back at the start of the round. After a birdie at the second, he holed out for an eagle on the par-5 fifth, and when Azinger followed with a bogey, the two were tied at nine-under. Sluman had five birdies and an eagle with just one bogey in the final round while Azinger posted a second straight even-par 71. It was also the first of Sluman's six victories on the PGA Tour. In the final pair with Azinger, Dave Rummells shot 75 (+4) and fell to a tie for sixth.


1988 PGA Championship
Azinger won the title five years later, defeating Greg Norman in a playoff in 1993.


1988 PGA Tour
The 1988 PGA Tour season was played from January 14 to November 13. The season consisted of 47 official money events. Curtis Strange won the most tournaments, four, and there were 11 first-time winners. The tournament results, leaders, and award winners are listed below.


1988 PGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1988 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1988 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
This is a list of the 1988 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates. 52 players earned their 1989 PGA Tour card through Q-School in 1988. The tournament was played over 108 holes at the PGA West (Nicklaus Resort course) and La Quinta Hotel Golf Club (Dunes course), in La Quinta, California. Those earning cards split the $100,000 purse, with the winner earning $15,000.


1988 POMIS Cup
The 1988 POMIS Cup is the second championship, played at Rasmee Dhandu Stadium, Malé, Maldives.


1988 POMIS Cup, Teams
The top four teams of 1987 Dhivehi League and two invited foreign clubs.


1988 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1988 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament (now known as the Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament) was held March 10–13 at The Forum in Inglewood, California. This was the final tournament while the conference was still known as the PCAA; it would change to the Big West for the following season.


1988 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament
Utah State defeated UC Irvine in the final, 86–79, and captured their first PCAA/Big West championship. The fifth-seeded Anteaters upset three-time defending champions UNLV in the semifinal round.


1988 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament
The Aggies, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Tournament. Fellow PCAA members UNLV and UC Santa Barbara (the Gauchos' first-ever tournament appearance) joined them in the field with at-large bids.


1988 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The tournament field expanded beyond eight teams for the first team, with all ten conference members in participation. The ten teams were seeded in the bracket based on regular season record.


1988 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The top six seeds were given a bye into the quarterfinal round while the four lowest-seeded teams were placed into the first round.


1988 Pacific Cup
The 1988 Pacific Cup was the fourth edition of the Pacific Cup, a rugby league tournament held between Pacific teams. The tournament was hosted by Western Samoa and eventually won by the New Zealand Māori side, who defeated Western Samoa 26-16 in the final.


1988 Pacific Tigers football team
The 1988 Pacific Tigers football team represented the University of the Pacific (UOP) in the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Big West Conference.


1988 Pacific Tigers football team
The team was led by sixth-year head coach Bob Cope and played home games on campus at Stagg Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. The stadium was renamed at homecoming on October 15. The Tigers finished with two wins and nine losses (2–9, 2–5 Big West), and were outscored 174–324.


1988 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL
No UOP players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1988 Pacific hurricane season
The 1988 Pacific hurricane season was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1981. It officially began May 15, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, in the central Pacific and lasted until November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The first named storm, Tropical Storm Aletta, formed on June 16, and the last-named storm, Tropical Storm Miriam, was previously named Hurricane Joan in the Atlantic Ocean before crossing Central America and re-emerging in the eastern Pacific; Miriam continued westward and dissipated on November 2.


1988 Pacific hurricane season
The season produced 23 tropical depressions, of which 15 attained tropical storm status. Seven storms reached hurricane status, three of which became major hurricanes. The strongest storm of the season, Hurricane Hector, formed on July 30 to the south of Mexico and reached peak winds of 145 mph (230 km/h)—Category 4 status—before dissipating over open waters on August 9; Hector was never a threat to land. Tropical Storm Gilma was the only cyclone in the season to make landfall, crossing the Hawaiian Islands, although there were numerous near-misses. Gilma's Hawaiian landfall was unusual, but not unprecedented.


1988 Pacific hurricane season
There were also two systems that successfully crossed over from the Atlantic; the aforementioned Hurricane Joan and Hurricane Debby which became Tropical Storm Miriam and Tropical Depression Seventeen-E, respectively. Three systems caused deaths; Tropical Storm Aletta caused one death in southwestern Mexico, Hurricane Uleki caused two drownings off the coast of Oahu as it passed by the Hawaiian Islands, and Hurricane Kristy caused 21 deaths in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chipas.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary
The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1988 Pacific hurricane season was 127.45 units (87.79 units from the Eastern Pacific and 39.66 units from the Central Pacific).


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary
The total tropical activity in the season was below-average. There were 13 cyclones in the Eastern Pacific, as well as two in the Central. Of the 15 cyclones, one crossed from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific, and another moved from the Central Pacific to the Western Pacific. In the Eastern Pacific, there were seven cyclones peaking as a tropical storm, and six hurricanes, of which two reached Category 3 intensity or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. A tropical storm and a major hurricane occurred in the Central Pacific.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary
Tropical Storm Gilma made the only landfalls of the season in the Hawaiian Islands, causing some rainfall, but no direct deaths or damage occurred as a result of it. These were the only landfalls in the season that were made, which is unusual as most landfalls in the Eastern Pacific occur on the Mexican coast. This is due to the closeness of the Mexican region to the major source of tropical activity to the west of Central America.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary
Hurricane Uleki, the strongest hurricane in the Central Pacific region during the season, caused two drownings in Oahu and heavy waves hit the coast of the Hawaiian Islands. Tropical Storm Miriam, the last storm of the season, formed as a result of Hurricane Joan from the Atlantic, and flooding resulted in parts of Central America, due to heavy rainfall.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression One-E
A tropical disturbance organized into the first eastern Pacific tropical depression of the season on June 15. A convective band on the north and west sides of the system became well-defined, and anticyclonic outflow allowed for initial organization. After forming, the depression tracked west-southwestward and intensified due to disrupted outflow from a large air stream disturbance. On June 16, strong convection with spiral banding developed over the depression, although it failed to strengthen further. A low-pressure l northwest of the depression in combination with Tropical Storm Aletta to the northeast caused the depression to weaken, and it dissipated on June 18.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Aletta
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa and progressed westward through the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean, before crossing over Central America on June 13 and emerging into the warm waters of the east Pacific on June 14. Shortly after, satellite imagery showed good upper-level outflow, although cloud banding remained disorganized. On June 16, the broad circulation better organized on the northeastern section, with deep convection developing. A tropical depression formed later that day about 200 miles (320 km) to the southeast of Acapulco, Mexico.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Aletta
It developed further as it moved northward toward the southwest coast of Mexico, and had organized sufficiently to be named Tropical Storm Aletta on June 17. The cyclone drifted north-northwest for the next 36 hours before turning westward, parallel to the Mexican coast. The storm began to lose its convection on June 19 and weakened into a tropical depression later that day. The depression weakened further into a weak low-level circulation before dissipating on June 21. Although Aletta approached the Acapulco area of the Mexican coast, it did not make landfall. The portion of coast affected by Aletta received heavy rainfall; unofficial reports state that one person died as a result of the storm, and the storm produced some damage due to rainfall and flooding.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bud
Satellite imagery first detected a low-level circulation on June 20, associated with some heavy convection, 200 miles (325 km) south of the Mexico–Guatemala border, and it intensified into a tropical depression. The cyclone moved northwest then west-northwest over two days. A 40 mph (65 km/h) wind report from a ship on June 21 allowed the depression to be upgraded to Tropical Storm Bud later that day. For the next day, the low-level circulation moved away from its deep convection, dissipating near Acapulco, Mexico. A portion of Bud remaining over land may have been part of the reason for the lack of strengthening of the cyclone.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Four-E
A system developed in the eastern Pacific, and later strengthened into a tropical depression on July 1, when it obtained a better defined low-level circulation. The center was exposed, with little convection on the northeast side, due to shear aloft. The system moved to the northwest, while shear continued to move the deep convection of the cyclone to the southwest of its center of circulation. The circulation completely lacked deep convection late on July 2, although it continued to have a well-defined low-level center. The depression drifted slowly northward, located south of Baja California, before dissipating just south of the peninsula on July 4, with no circulation or deep convection detected. A small amount of associated rainfall affected Baja California, as the cyclone passed near the peninsula.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carlotta
A tropical wave moved off the western coast of Africa on June 23, and for the next two weeks, moved through the tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean and later crossed Central America. It began developing further when it entered the Pacific Ocean and became a dense area of moisture and cloudiness. The wave developed into a disturbance on July 8, and attained tropical depression status in the afternoon on July 8, south of Mexico. After entering a favorable area of warm waters, the depression strengthened to Tropical Storm Carlotta on July 9.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carlotta
Carlotta continued to develop, reached peak strength, and developed into Hurricane Carlotta on July 11. During the duration of the storm, Carlotta was not considered a hurricane, however after post-season reanalysis Carlotta's strength was upgraded to minimal hurricane status. As it moved into less favorable conditions it lost strength and weakened to a tropical storm on July 12. Carlotta began to lose its deep convection, and weakened into a tropical depression on July 13 as it moved into cooler waters. It later moved west-southwest and dissipated on July 15.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Daniel
A tropical wave moved off the coast of northwestern Africa on July 4, and moved through tropical regions of the northern Atlantic and Caribbean without the indication of development. The tropical disturbance crossed Central America on July 14, and from then until July 18, the westward motion decreased, as convection and organization increased over warm waters. It developed into a tropical depression on July 19, and into Tropical Storm Daniel 600 miles (970 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California on July 20.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Daniel
A high pressure system over the western United States and northern Mexico forced Daniel and an upper-level low on parallel west-northwest paths. Daniel stayed generally the same strength for the next few days, reaching peak strength on July 23. Daniel declined into a tropical depression on July 25 and dissipated on July 26.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Emilia
On July 15, a tropical wave exited Africa and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. It crossed into the Pacific Ocean on July 24, developing convection and outflow. On July 27, it organized into a tropical depression off the southwest coast of Mexico. Continuing generally westward, the thunderstorm activity fluctuated, and slowly developing, it intensified into Tropical Storm Emilia on July 29. The storm attained peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) on July 30, although wind shear and interaction with nearby Tropical Storm Fabio prevented further intensification; the low-level circulation was located along the northwest edge of the deepest convection.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Emilia
It became disorganized and difficult to locate on satellite imagery, and soon the circulation was exposed from the thunderstorms. On August 1, Emilia weakened to tropical depression status, and late on August 2, the last advisory was issued as the system had become very disorganized with minimal convection. Its remnants were tracked for the next few days, and although some deep convection returned momentarily, the system's convection soon disappeared.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fabio
A well-organized ITCZ disturbance with deep convection organized further over the northeastern Pacific Ocean on July 28. It developed into a tropical depression later that day, while 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California. The position of Fabio's formation was much further south and west than where most tropical cyclones form during the same time period. The depression moved westward while gradually strengthening and it developed into Tropical Storm Fabio on July 29. It intensified further over the next few days and it intensified into a hurricane on July 31.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fabio
The system increased its speed as it steadily strengthened further. A trough turned the storm west-northwestward on August 3. Satellite estimates indicated that Fabio reached its maximum intensity later on August 3, with a well-defined eye with very deep convection surrounding it. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch for the Big Island on August 4, due to the threatening west-northwest turn towards it.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fabio
However, the retreat of a trough later turned Fabio back to the west and the CPHC discontinued the tropical storm watch on August 5. Fabio's good upper-level conditions later weakened and began to lose its convection over cooler waters. Fabio quickly weakened and it weakened into a tropical storm again later on August 5, and back to a depression on August 6. The depression turned west-northwestward again on August 8, but Fabio dissipated on August 9. As the cyclone moved near the Hawaiian islands, heavy rainfall fell across the chain, peaking at 18.75 in (476 mm) near Pāpa'ikou on the island of Hawaii.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Nine-E
A tropical depression developed in the eastern Pacific on July 28, forecast to be absorbed by a very close nearby depression, later Tropical Storm Gilma. The depression moved northward, although in unfavorable conditions. The cyclone weakened as the depression to the southwest strengthened further. Limited deep convection developed with the system, although the cyclone continued in unfavorable conditions with shearing. Visible satellite imagery later showed a very weak system, and the storm dissipated on July 29.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gilma
A wave that previously moved through the Atlantic from the northwest coast of Africa, crossed over Central America into the Pacific on July 17 or July 18. On July 19, this disturbance was 700 miles (1125 km) to the southeast of the developing Tropical Storm Daniel. The system moved westward for the following week without any signs of intensification. However, on July 26 and 27, the system appeared to be strengthening due to a banding pattern. By July 28, the convection underwent further organization with some weak outflow high in the storm.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gilma
It developed into a tropical depression later on July 28, much further west then most east Pacific storms develop at. For the next day the cyclone remained fairly stationary, but began to strengthen over warm waters. On July 29 the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Gilma, based on satellite imagery. Limited intensification followed, due to shear high in the storm. It weakened a tropical depression again on July 30, due to weakness depicted in satellite imagery. Gilma then moved west-northwestward through the northeast Pacific. The depression skirted the Hawaiian Islands, but dissipated near Oahu on August 3. On the Hawaiian Islands there were no direct damage or deaths, although some rainfall occurred on the islands.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hector
A tropical depression formed on July 30, while 400 miles (645 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico. The depression tracked west-northwestward, becoming Tropical Storm Hector on July 31. Its west-northwest motion continued, due to an area of high pressure to its north, and Hector intensified into a hurricane on August 2. Based on satellite data, the hurricane is estimated to have reached its peak intensity of 145 mph (235 km/h) on August 3; this made Hector a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale, which was the strongest storm of the season.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hector
Hector began to move due west on August 5 and it had already begun weakening. The storm continued westward increasing its forward speed. On August 6 it had appeared Hector had strengthened, but steadily weakened afterwards and finally dissipated on August 9, while 650 miles (1,045 km) east of Hilo, Hawaii. Hector was never a threat to land.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Iva
A wave that first came off the northwest coast of Africa moved through the Atlantic, before entering the East Pacific on August 4. The wave developed more organized convection when it entered the region, and it turned into a tropical depression on August 5, while 165 miles (270 km) south of Oaxaca, Mexico. It developed into Tropical Storm Iva on August 6. Iva turned on a west-northwestward course and continued strengthening, before it developed into a hurricane on August 7. The cyclone moved northwestward after becoming a hurricane, and satellites estimate it reached peak intensity on August 8.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Iva
On the same day Iva passed within 50 miles (80 km) of Socorro Island. Winds of 45 mph (70 km/h) were reported on the island along with moderate rain. The storm moved through cooler waters for the next day, and began to weaken. Iva declined into a tropical storm again on August 9, and by August 10 the cyclone lost its deep convection along with organization. It intensified into a tropical depression again on August 11, and moved southwest due to a high pressure before dissipating on August 13. For unknown reasons, Iva was retired from the lists ofEastern Pacific storm names, but it was probably to avoid confusion with Hurricane Iwa of the 1982 Pacific season, which was itself retired due to its damage in Hawaii. The name was replaced with Ileana for 1994.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Thirteen-E
A tropical depression formed on August 12, with movement towards the west-northwest. It continued toward the west-northwest, near the circulation of Tropical Storm Iva. The low-level circulation of the cyclone was displaced to the east of the deep convection, and the system moved to the northwest. The depression lost much of its convection later on August 13, and it had a less defined center. The cyclone turned to the south, and lost its associated deep convection. Some weak convection redeveloped near the center, but the depression dissipated later on August 14.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm John
A disturbance that passed off the northwestern African coast on August 3 crossed the Atlantic Ocean, before entering into the Pacific. A tropical depression formed in the East Pacific on August 16, 150 miles (240 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico, based on satellite estimates. The cyclone progressed slowly northwestward, and intensified Tropical Storm John on August 17, less than 24 hours after its formation. John continued northwest for a short while, before the low-level center of circulation had been exposed.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm John
John degenerated to a tropical depression on August 18 due to a lack of convection, made a loop while less than 100 miles (160 km) south of the southern tip of Baja California. It shortly became a little better organized after completing the loop on August 20, but John dissipated on August 21, southwest of Baja California, due to shearing and cold waters. Its remnants continued northwestward parallel to the southwest coast of Baja California. John caused no reported deaths or damage.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Fifteen-E
On August 26, a disturbance south of Baja California organized into Tropical Depression Fifteen-E. Initially, the system moved northwest towards cooler waters as the location of the low-level circulation was to the southwest of the deep convection associated with the cyclone. The center drifted to the east of the small area of concentrated convection, and its intensity remained steady. It weakened and became loosely defined due to upper-level wind shear, and the storm lost all of its convection before dissipating and degenerating into a low-level swirl.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Uleki
Towards the end of August, tropical activity in the ITCZ southeast of the Hawaiian Islands began to be monitored. On August 28, this tropical disturbance organized into a tropical depression, as it was located about 800 miles (1,285 km) southeast of the Big Island. It intensified at a fair rate, and intensified Tropical Storm Uleki the next day. It continued to strengthen, and reached hurricane intensity on August 31. It moved slowly west-northwest until steering currents collapsed on September 1. Now a Category 3 hurricane, Uleki slowly edged north towards the Hawaiian Islands.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Uleki
After looping, Uleki resumed its westward path on September 4. Its stalling in the ocean had weakened it, and the hurricane passed midway between Johnston Island and French Frigate Shoals. Uleki crossed the dateline on September 8. It turned slightly to the north and meandered in the open Pacific days until it dissipated on September 14.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Uleki
As Uleki drifted towards the Hawaiian Islands, tropical storm watches were issued for Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau on September 3. In addition, reconnaissance missions were flown into the hurricane. Uleki caused heavy surf on the Hawaiian Islands, that being its only significant effect. This heavy surf flooded the southeastern runway on Midway Island, and produced two drownings on Oahu. Nineteen people were also rescued from rough surf, with five- to six-foot (1.5 to 1.8 meter) waves, off the coast of beaches in Hawaii.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Kristy
A tropical wave passed off the northwestern coast of Africa on August 6. It did not develop as it passed through the Atlantic Ocean, until August 19 when convection began to form. On August 20 the disturbance turned into Tropical Depression Six in the Atlantic basin. It passed from the Leeward Islands up to the central Caribbean, until it dissipated on August 23. As it passed over Central America, the disturbance had little remaining convection.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Kristy
However, the convection associated with the system began to organize when it entered the Pacific, and it strengthened into a tropical depression on August 29, while located 300 miles (485 km) south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. Later that day the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Kristy, based on ship reports of tropical storm force winds. Kristy strengthened into a hurricane on August 31, based solely on satellite imagery. Hurricane Kristy had short lifespan though, and weakened to a tropical storm on September 2.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Kristy
The easterly shear associated with an anticyclone south of Baja California, which caused Kristy's convection to be forced west of the low-level center of the system, and therefore weakened it. Kristy weakened further to a depression on September 3, and weak steering currents allowed the cyclone to remain stationary on September 4, loop the following day, and then began to move eastward. The depression dissipated on September 6, weakening to a low-level swirl. Kristy caused heavy rains and flooding in the Mexican states of Chiapas and Oaxaca.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Kristy
Although the storm passed relatively close to the coast, no tropical cyclone warnings and watches were required as the storm remained offshore. However, Kristy produced heavy rains and widespread flooding in the Mexican states of Chiapas and Oaxaca; as a result, several rivers overflowed their banks. Thousands of tourists were stranded from the beaches. At least 21 deaths were attributed to Kristy: 16 in Oaxaca and 5 in Chiapas. More than 20,000 people in the former were evacuated from their homes; consequently, a state of emergency was declared. The outer rainbands of Kristy delayed the rescue of the victims of a Brazilian-made aircraft that crashed west of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range. No official damage figures were reported by the Mexican government.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Seventeen-E
The remnants of Hurricane Debby moved over the mountainous areas of Mexico, passing into the Pacific from the Pacific coast of Mexico near Manzanillo. The disturbance moved towards the north-northwest and organized into a tropical depression on September 6 just south of the Gulf of California. The cyclone remained stationary due to weak low-level steering currents, later drifting to the north-northwest with an area of deep convection causing rain on the Mexican coast. It later moved to the northwest, with partial exposure of the center of the system, and with some shear still affecting it. The cyclone continued to have shear over the system, which caused it not to strengthen, and its movement became nearly stationary. After remaining stationary longer, the system dissipated as a low-level swirl.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Eighteen-E
A disturbance organized, and based on satellite imagery it strengthened into a tropical depression on September 12. The center of circulation remained on the eastern fringe of its deep convection and the storm moved west or west-northwestward. On September 13, the depression underwent shearing, while its low-level circulation center had only a small amount of deep convection associated with it. The cyclone became poorly defined, and its movement turned stationary on September 14. The low-level circulation of the system remained visible, even though it weakened due to shearing. Little deep convection remained associated with the system, and the cyclone stayed stationary. The depression having no remaining convection and having become just a low-level cloud swirl, dissipated on September 15.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Wila
A tropical depression formed on September 21 as an area of deep convection. The cyclone organized slowly though, drifting slowly, initially west then to the northwest. However, the depression recurved northeast, due to a trough. As the cyclone moved northeast, the system strengthened as indicated by an Air Force reconnaissance plane showing tropical storm force winds. It therefore intensified into Tropical Storm Wila on September 25. Wila, however, weakened within a day, and therefore became a tropical depression. The remnant low of Wila produced some heavy rain over the Hawaiian Islands on September 26 and 27.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Lane
A wave moved westward off the coast of Africa, passed through the Caribbean, and into the ITCZ of the eastern Pacific on September 20. The system developed organized deep convection, and strengthened into a tropical depression on September 21, while 300 miles (485 km) southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. As the low-level circulation organized further in the depression it intensified into Tropical Storm Lane, later on September 21. Lane developed further with an upper-level outflow pattern, and the cyclone turned into a hurricane on September 23. Later on September 23 and on September 24, an eye appeared on satellite imagery.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Lane
A trough to the northwest of Lane disturbed its upper-level outflow on September 24. Diminishing convection and loss of its eye caused Lane to weaken to a tropical storm on September 27, and into a depression on September 28. Later on September 28, the cyclone moved into cooler waters and Lane lost nearly all of its deep convection. It weakened into a low-level swirl, and Lane dissipated on September 30. Lane caused no reported casualties or damage.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Twenty-E
The remnants of Atlantic basin Tropical Storm Isaac moved into the eastern Pacific. These remnants underwent better organization and strengthened into a tropical depression on October 11 south of Baja California. Strong vertical southwesterly wind shear affected the cyclone, with the center of circulation later seen on the west side of the lessening amount of deep convection. The system remained poorly organized and had trouble strengthening to this continual poor organization as it moved westward. The system could not be located on satellite imagery and therefore dissipated on October 12.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Miriam
Atlantic Hurricane Joan survived the passage over Central America and entered the Pacific, although greatly weakened. Following the policy at the time, Joan was renamed Miriam.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Miriam
Miriam brought heavy rains to parts of Central America. Isolated flooding and mudslides happened, although casualties and damage reports are not available. 10.37 in (263 mm) of rain fell in Kantunilkin/Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico as a result of Miriam and the former Joan. Guatemala's ports along its Pacific coast were closed and people in El Salvador were evacuated from low-lying areas due to the storm. Miriam then turned away from Central America and weakened to a depression. The depression survived for over a week until it dissipated on October 30. Tropical Depression Miriam's remnants regenerated the next day, and Miriam finally dissipated on November 2.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names
The following names were used to name storms that formed in the northeastern Pacific Ocean during 1988. Retired names, were announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 1989. The names not retired from this list were used again in the 1994 season. This is the same list used in the 1982 season.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names
For storms that form in the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility, encompassing the area between 140 degrees west and the International Date Line, all names are used in a series of four rotating lists. The next four names that were slated for use in 1988 are shown below.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names, Retirement
The World Meteorological Organization retired one name in the spring of 1989: Iva. It was replaced with Ileana for the 1994 Pacific hurricane season.


1988 Pacific hurricane season, Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 1988 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parenthesis, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1988 USD.


1988 Pacific typhoon season
The 1988 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.


1988 Pacific typhoon season
A total of 26 tropical cyclones formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which all became tropical storms. Of the 26, 10 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 1 reached supertyphoon strength. Nine tropical cyclones moved through the Philippines this season, making this season the most active for the archipelago so far this decade.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Seasonal summary
A total of 26 tropical cyclones formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which all became tropical storms. Of the 26, 10 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 1 reached supertyphoon strength. Nine tropical cyclones moved through the Philippines this season.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Roy (Asiang)
Typhoon Roy, which crossed the open Western Pacific as a Category 4 typhoon in January, caused moderate to extensive damage across the Federated States of Micronesia and the Philippines, causing $23.5 million (1988 USD) but only one death.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Susan (Biring)
Typhoon Susan formed at the end of May just to the north of Luzon Island in the Philippines. As a depression Susan dropped heavy rains in and around the Manila area the resulting landslides killed 6 people. As Susan moved away from the Philippines the storm strengthened into a typhoon shortly before cross in the southern tip of Taiwan and turning extratropical just after passing Okinawa.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Thad (Ditang)
A tropical depression was designated by the JMA early on June 18. At the time, the depression was located south of the Caroline Islands. Further development was slow to occur due to strong winds aloft caused by a TUTT. Nevertheless, the system's cloud structure and outflow pattern slowly improved, and based on Dvorak estimates of T2.5/40 mph (65 km/h), the JTWC upgraded the disturbance into Tropical Storm Thad at 00:00 UTC on June 20, with the JMA following suit six hours later. After initially moving west, Thad tracked northwest due to the subtropical ridge to its north.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Thad (Ditang)
Thad slowly deepened, with the JMA upgrading Thad to a severe tropical storm at 06:00 UTC on June 21 and a typhoon the next day. At 06:00 UTC on June 22, the JTWC upped Thad into a typhoon, based on satellite intensity estimates of 130 km/h (80 mph). Shortly thereafter, the JMA reported that Thad reached its highest intensity, with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph). Additional strengthening did not occur, however, as the system developed a central cold over – a large irregular shaped area of deep convection.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Thad (Ditang)
By June 23, Thad reached the western periphery of a subtropical ridge, and began to recurve in response to a mid-latitude trough over eastern China. Rapid weakening began at 00:00 UTC on June 24 due to increased winds aloft. Both the JTWC and JMA downgraded Thad into a tropical storm that day as the storm passed 150 km (95 mi) southeast of Okinawa. The JTWC reported that Thad dissipated at 00:00 UTC on June 25, although the JMA continued to track it as a tropical depression for 12 more hours.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Vanessa (Edeng)
A tropical disturbance was first spotted at noon on June 24 over 200 km (125 mi) east of the Caroline Islands. Thunderstorm activity increased almost immediately thereafter, and the storm's outflow subsequently expanded, aided by a retreating Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough (TUTT). The JMA upgraded the system into a tropical depression on the morning of June 26. Six hours later, the JTWC followed suit, and at 00:00 UTc on June 27, both the JTWC and JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Vanessa (Edeng)
Several hours later, Vanessa made landfall over the central Philippines; at the time of landfall, both the JMA and JTWC estimated winds of 80 km/h (50 mph). Accelerating, Vanessa entered the South China Sea at 02:00 UTC on June 28. Around this time, the JMA estimated that Vanessa reached its maximum intensity, with winds of 105 km/h (65 mph), making it a severe tropical storm. Strong wind shear then increased over the system, but Vanessa did not begin weakening until 00:00 UTC on June 29. Six hours later, after Vanessa became devoid of deep convection near the center, the JTWC issued their last warning on the system. However, the JMA continued to track it until noon that day.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Warren (Huaning)
A tropical depression formed to the east of Guam shortly before passing north of the island. Shortly after passing the island the storm strengthened into Tropical Storm Warren. Warren kept gathering strength and reached peak intensity of 130 mph while 300 miles east of Luzon Island. Typhoon Warren moved westward and brushed the extreme northern tip of Luzon Island in the Philippines causing $10 million in damage. Warren then made landfall near Shantou, China, 13,000 homes were destroyed and 17 people were killed in Guangdong Province.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Agnes
Following the demise of Typhoon Warren, an area of disturbed weather formed southeast of Japan, and by July 27, this area had developed a closed surface circulation. At noon the same day, the JMA upgraded it into a tropical depression. Initially resembling a monsoon depression, the storm's upper-level outflow and organization increased on June 28 in response to decreased winds aloft. On June 29, both the JTWC and JMA upgraded the system into Tropical Storm Agnes. Contrary to forecasts, Agnes accelerated northeast in response to a trough northeast of Japan.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Agnes
At 00:00 UTC on June 30, the JTWC estimated a peak intensity of 80 km/h (50 mph) and the JMA estimated a peak intensity of 95 km/h (60 mph), making Agnes a severe tropical storm. Twelve hours later, the system lost all its deep convection, and the JTWC issued its last warning on it at 18:00 UTC. Despite this, the JMA continued to follow Agnes through August 4, three days after the agency declared Agnes extratropical.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bill
On August 1, the monsoon trough stretched from the Gulf of Tonkin to Japan, but four days later, abruptly re-aligned. This created favorable conditions aloft for tropical cyclone formation, and an area of convection in the Philippine Sea began to rapidly develop. On the evening of August 4, the JMA upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression, and the next day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). However, its development rate slowed as the system separated from the monsoon trough.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bill
Tracking northeast, the low passed just southwest of the southern tip of Okinawa at 15:00 UTC on August 6. That day, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm, though the JTWC did not do the same until 24 hours later. Shortly thereafter, both agencies indicated that Bill attained its peak velocity of 80 km/h (50 mph), an intensity it would maintain until making landfall 220 km (135 mi) south of Shanghai. Although the JTWC issued its final advisory at 00:00 UTC on August 8, with the JMA doing the same 36 hours later, its remains could still be identified through August 10.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bill
Tropical Storm Bill, which formed on August 5 east of Taiwan, moved northwest to hit eastern China as a 45 mph tropical storm. Torrential rains and heavy flooding resulted in 110 casualties and widespread damage to roads and dams.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Clara
An area of disorganized convection about 1,000 km (620 mi) north of Wake Island in early August. The disturbance was classified on August 5 by the JMA. The depression tracked westward under the influence of a subtropical ridge. Two days later, the system began to organize, although shower activity remained exposed from the center. Strong wind shear prevented further development, but by August 10, thunderstorm activity had increased in coverage. At 19:15 UTC the same day, the JTWC upgraded it to Tropical Storm Clara, with the JMA following suit around the same time.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Clara
Due to a strengthening ridge, Kevin performed a counterclockwise loop, only to turn northeast on August 11. Around this time, the JTWC and JMA estimated that Clara attained peak winds of 80 km/h (50 mph) and 70 km/h (45 mph). Shortly afterwards, shower activity quickly became displaced from the deep convection, prompting a weakening trend. The JTWC issued its final warning on August 12, though the JMA did not following suit until four days later.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Doyle
On August 12, an westward-moving area of disturbed weather developed within the monsoon trough. Deep convection developed near the low-level center on the next day, and the JMA classified the disturbance as a tropical depression. Overnight August 13 into August 14, the depression began to organize, and after performing a counterclockwise loop, it began moving to the west-northwest. At 18:00 UTC the same day, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm, though the JTWC did not follow suit until 18 hours later.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Doyle
Doyle then entered a period of rapid deepening, with the JMA upgrading Doyle into a typhoon on the morning of August 16. At 18:00 UTC, the JTWC estimated that Doyle attained peak winds of 210 km/h (130 mph), although according to the JMA, Doyle did not reach its peak intensity of 170 km/h (105 mph). The typhoon then curved north as it rounded a subtropical ridge, although unlike most recurving tropical cyclones, a TUTT cell prevented. This change in forward motion led to a gradual weakening trend over cold water.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Doyle
On August 20, the JMA estimated that Doyle lost typhoon intensity, and two days later, downgraded it into a tropical depression. At this time, the system became devoid of deep convection prompted the JTWC to issue its final warning. The JMA estimated that Doyle became extratropical on August 25. The agency stopped following the extratropical remnants the next day.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Doyle
Although the typhoon passed close to Wake Island near peak intensity, wind gusts only reached 45 mph (70 km/h) and according to the JTWC, damage was insignificant.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Elsie
On August 24, a persistent area of convection embedded in the monsoon trough was first detected. Despite favorable conditions aloft, the disturbance initially remained poorly organized. The JMA declared the system a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on August 24, although the depression only started to organize on August 28. Dvorak classifications prompted the JTWC to upgrade the system into a tropical storm at midday, with the JMA following suit early on August 29. After tracking southeast, Elsie turned northeast.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Elsie
Interaction from newly formed Tropical Storm Fabian initially halted further intensification and the JTWC estimated that the storm was briefly no longer a classifiable tropical cyclone on August 30. At 00:00 UTC on August 31, the JMA estimated that Elsie reached its highest velocity of 80 km/h (50 mph). The storm then accelerated to the northeast while becoming extratropical and at 18:00 the same day, the JTWC classified Elsie as extratropical, with the JMA doing the same on September 1.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Fabian
Also on August 24, another area of disturbed weather was spotted within the monsoon trough, which was displaced from its normal position. Thunderstorm activity gradually improved in organization, and at 06:00 UTC on August 26, the JMA designated the system a tropical depression. The depression was upgraded into a tropical storm three days later by the JMA. Interaction with Elsie – the storms at one point were within 460 mi (740 km) of each other – caused the cyclone to track eastward.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Fabian
Dvorak estimates of T3.0/80 km/h (50 mph) prompted the JTWC to upgrade it to a tropical storm on August 30, with the JMA upgrading it to a severe tropical storm that evening. Interaction with Elsie failed to stop Fabian from intensifying, and at 06:00 UTC on September 1, the JTWC upgraded Fabian into a typhoon, only for the storm to veer north shortly thereafter. On September 2, the JMA and the JTWC estimated that Fabian attained peak intensities of 115 km/h (70 mph) and 135 km/h (85 mph) respectively. Accelerating, Fabian began to encounter stronger westerly wind shear, which led to weakening. The JTWC declared Fabian an extratropical cyclone at 06:00 UTC on September 32, with the JMA doing the same on the next day.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gay
An area of disturbed weather formed in the monsoon trough around 780 km (485 mi) east of Okinawa. The JMA upgraded the area into a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on September 2. Surface observations of 25 to 35 mph (40 to 56 km/h) along with Dvorak estimate of T2.5/65 km/h (40 mph) prompted a TCFA at 10:40 UTC, with the JTWC designating the system as Tropical Storm Gay the same evening. At 0:00 UTC on September 3 the JMA followed suit and upgraded Gay into a tropical storm.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gay
Moving northeastward, Gay quickly intensified, and on September 3, the JTWC and JMA estimated peak intensity of 80 km/h (50 mph) and 70 km/h (45 mph) respectively. Gay quickly weakened, however, due to strong wind shear. On September 4, the JTWC reported that Gay dissipated, although the JMA continued to track it as a weak tropical depression until September 7.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Uleki
Uleki had developed on August 28 well to the southeast of Hawai'i and become a hurricane in the north-central Pacific before crossing the International Date Line. At 00:00 UTC on September 8, the CPHC transferred warning responsibility of Uleki to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the storm was subsequently referred to as a typhoon. Three hours later Uleki made its closest approach to Midway Atoll, passing 200 mi (320 km) to the south. Shortly thereafter the system crossed the International Date Line and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) also began advising on the system.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Uleki
The JMA estimated Uleki to have had a pressure of 945 mb (hPa; 27.91 inHg) at this time; however, this value was derived from satellite estimates rather than direct measurements. Uleki maintained this strength through September 10 as it continued on its west-northwest course. On that day, the typhoon again entered a region of weak steering currents between two anticyclones within the subtropical ridge. A trough approaching from the west was forecast to prompt Uleki to turn east; however, the typhoon maintained a general northwest motion in a stair-stepped fashion. Increasing wind shear and cooler air soon imparted weakening, and Uleki degraded to a tropical storm by September 12.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Uleki
Continued effects from shear stripped the cyclone of all deep convection and by September 14 only a band of cirrus clouds remained in association with Uleki. The JTWC issued their final warning on the system at 00:00 UTC that day accordingly. The JMA maintained the system as a tropical depression as the former typhoon began turning to the east. Uleki later transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 16 as it accelerated to the east. The system dissipated the following day near the International Date Line, far from any major landmasses.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hal
An area of disturbed weather developed to the west of Wake Island. Over the next two days, Hal slowly organized as it tracked westward, with both the JTWC and JMA declaring the disturbance a tropical depression on September 8 well to the southeast of Japan. Moving to the northwest, Hal intensified into a tropical storm on September 9, according to both the JTWC and JMA, and then turned to the southeast on September 10. The JTWC declared Hal a typhoon that day, with the JMA following suit the following day. Midday on September 11, Hal attained peak intensity.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hal
There was significant difference between the two agencies, however, as the JTWC reported winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and the JMA estimated winds of 130 km/h (80 mph). Early on September 12, Hal sharply recurved, first turning to the north-northwest and eventually northeast on September 15. Accelerating northeastward, Hal became an extratropical cyclone on September 17, and the JMA stopped tracking it the next day. As an extratropical cyclone, Hal restrengthened before moving through the eastern Bering Sea on September 19 and into Alaska on September 20. The weakening low moved on an anticyclonic path through southern Alaska before emerging into the Gulf of Alaska on September 23. The cyclone drifted erratically southward, dissipating in the Gulf of Alaska on September 25.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hal
During its formative stages, Hal brought winds of up to 70 km/h (45 mph) to Guam, which caused minor property damage and scattered power outages.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Irma
Part of a mid-September tropical cyclone outbreak, Tropical Storm Irma originated from an area of disturbed weather developed on September 11. The same day, an increase in convection prompted the JTWC to issue a TCFA while the JMA upgraded it to a tropical depression. Based on objective intensity estimates of 70 km/h (45 mph), the system was classified as a tropical storm by the JTWC and JMA at 00:00 UTC on September 12. Aided by outflow from Typhoon Hal, Irma steadily deepened.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Irma
Midday on September 13, the JTWC and JMA estimated winds of 105 km/h (65 mph) and 80 km/h (50 mph). Although data from the JTWC suggested that this was Irma's highest intensity, the JMA increased the intensity of Irma to 105 km/h (65 mph) on September 15. Following Hal northward along a subtropical ridge, Irma slowly weakened, and later on September 15, the JTWC issued its last warning. A little over 24 hours later, the JMA ceased keeping an eye on Irma.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Jeff (Lusing)
A TUTT developed south of a subtropical ridge, which triggered inflow that later resulted in the development in an area of disturbed weather at 00:00 UTC on September 11. Six hours later, the JMA classified the disturbance as a tropical depression, and on September 13, the agency upgraded the depression into a tropical storm. Dvorak estimates of T2.5/40 mph (65 km/h) prompted the JTWC to follow suit the following morning. However, further organization was slow to occur due to strong wind shear caused by Jeff's proximity to Typhoon Hal; all deep convection was restricted to the southern semicircle. On September 14, both the JTWC and JMA agree that Jeff reached its peak intensity of 80 km/h (50 mph). Late on September 15, the JTWC dropped warnings on Jeff. Just over 24 hours later, the JMA stopped tracking it as well.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Kit (Maring)
An eastward extension of the monsoon trough resulted in an area of disturbed weather around 560 km (350 mi) east of Manila on September 18. A combination of increased convection, enhanced outflow aloft, and a Dvorak estimate of T2.0/55 km/h (35 mph) resulted in the JTWc upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression; the JMA followed suit around this time. Even though the depression tracked westward over Luzon, the depression gradually intensified, and at 18:00 UTC on September 19, the JTWC upgraded Kit into a tropical storm.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Kit (Maring)
Eighteen hours later, the JMA did the same, making Kit the sixth out of eight tropical storm that month. Tracking over the open waters of the South China Sea, an expansion of the storm's southwesterly outflow channel promoted further intensification. On the morning of September 21, both the JTWC and JMA reported that Kit attained peak intensity of 115 km/h (70 mph) and 105 km/h (65 mph) respectively. On September 22, the storm made landfall along the 250 km (155 mi) northeast of Hong Kong; at the time of landfall, the JMA estimated winds of 80 km/h (50 mph). Several hours later, the JMA ceased following the cyclone.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Kit (Maring)
According to press reports, torrential rain occurred near Shantou, where Kit moved ashore. Eight people were killed and over one hundred were injured. About 182,860 acres (74,000 ha) of farmland were inundated. More than 24,000 houses were damaged and 759 houses collapsed. Forty boats, one bridge, and several river embankments were also damaged. The total damage in the area was estimated at a little over US$35.1 million. In Fujian Province, heavy rain due to the remnants of Kit and Mamie resulted in nine lives lost, with an addition 51,000 losing their homes. About 26,000 ha (64,245 acres) of farmland were inundated and over 1,200 houses were destroyed.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Lee (Ningning)
On September 16, an area of disturbed weather spawned by a TUTT cell developed near the dateline. The disturbance traced westward over the next four days without organized appreciably, although the JMA did classify it as a tropical depression. Improved organization prompted the JTWC to issue a TCFA on September 20, and satellite intensity estimated led to the JTWC and JMA classifying the system as Tropical Storm Lee.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Lee (Ningning)
The tropical storm headed west-northwest south of the subtropical ridge, and later that day, the JTWC and JMA reported that Lee attained its peak intensity of 105 km/h (65 mph) and 80 km/h (50 mph). On September 23, satellite images showed a partially exposed low-level center, which resulted in weakening. Although initially forecast by the JTWC to follow Kit into southern China. Instead, Lee recurved to the east of Okinawa. Lee transitioned to an extratropical cyclone on September 24 as it continued tracking northeastward.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Mamie
The second tropical cyclone of 1988 to develop in the South China Sea, Tropical Storm Mamie formed from the same extension of the monsoon trough that spawned Tropical Storm Kit. An area of disturbed weather developed on September 19. On the same day, the system was upgraded into a tropical depression by the JMA and due to a binary interaction with Kit, tracked southwestward. After veering east, the disturbance turned northeastward due to a trough.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Mamie
Late on September 21, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm, with the JMA also estimated that Kit attained its peak intensity of 80 km/h (50 mph) at the same time. Based on a pressure report of 991 mbar (29.3 inHg) from a vessel, the JTWC reported that Tropical Storm Mamie developed on the morning of September 22. Increased wind shear took its toll, however, and September 23, the JTWC discontinued warnings on Mamie.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Mamie
However, the JMA did not downgrade Mamie into a tropical depression until 18:00 UTC that day, and did not stop tracking it altogether until September 25. The remnants of the storm later dissipated near Hong Kong. The remnants of the storm, combined with Tropical Storm Kit, later brought flooding to southern China. A total of nine people were killed by the floods.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Nelson (Paring)
Following a series of tropical cyclone outbreaks, there was a lull in tropical cyclone activity due to the presence of cold, dry air, which caused the monsoon trough to recede south to its climatological position. Within the trough, an area of disturbed weather formed around 380 km (235 mi). The disturbance slowly organized, and on September 30, the JMA upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression. A dramatic increased in convection resulted in the issuance of a TCFA at 09:00 UTC on October 1. Later that day, both the JTWC and JMA upgraded the system into Tropical Storm Nelson.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Nelson (Paring)
The newly named storm tracked westward towards the Philippine Islands, and then west-northwestward as it tracked along the periphery of the subtropical ridge. On October 2, the JTWC classified Nelson as a typhoon, and nine hours later, the typhoon began to clear out an eye. On October 3, the JMA upgraded Nelson to a typhoon. The storm subsequently entered a period of rapid deepening, and on October 4, the JTWC declared Nelson a super typhoon. Shortly thereafter, the JTWC estimated peak intensity of 255 km/h (160 mph) while the JMA reported a peak intensity of 185 km/h (115 mph).


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Nelson (Paring)
Not long after its peak, Nelson rounded the western edge of a subtropical ridge and slowly weakened as it accelerated northeast, passing about approximately 155 km (95 mi) southeast of Okinawa, where 212 mm (8.35 in) of rain fell. The typhoon quickly lost deep convection, and on October 8, the JTWC issued its last warning on the system. The next day, the JMA declared Nelson extratropical, although its remnants were still identifiable for a couple more days.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Twenty-five
Made landfall in Vietnam and was not monitored by the JTWC,


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Odessa (Seniang)
As the previous storm was weakening at high latitudes, a new area of convection formed around 850 km (530 mi) south-southeast of Minami-Tori-shima. Tracking west-northwest, the JMA upgraded the system into a tropical depression on October 9. The next day, the JTWC issued a TCFA. On October 11, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm, and twelve hours later, satellite intensity estimates prompted the JTWC to follow suit. Cool air aloft aided in intensification as Odessa tracked northwest, and midday on October 12, Odessa was upgraded into a typhoon by the JTWC.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Odessa (Seniang)
Despite forecasts of weakening, the JMA did the same and classified Odessa as a typhoon. A midget typhoon, Odessa continued to intensify, with the JTWC and JMA reporting a peak velocity of 170 km/h (105 mph) and 130 km/h (80 mph) respectively. Loss of organization followed a transition into an extratropical cyclone, and after the low-level circulation diverged from the deep convection, the JTWC issued the final warning on October 16. The JMA ceased watching the typhoon on October 19.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Pat (Toyang)
Unlike most systems in 1988, Pat formed from an area of disturbed weather near 10th parallel north that was first noticed by the JTWC on October 16. At 03:00 UTC on October 18, a TCFA was issued. Initially, the system remained poorly organized, with almost all the convection located along the eastern semicircle. Thunderstorm activity associated with the system became more organized, and 15 hours later, the JMA declared it a tropical depression while the JTWC classified the disturbance as Tropical Storm Pat.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Pat (Toyang)
The storm tracked westward due to a ridge to its north while gradually intensifying, and on October 19, Pat was upgraded into a tropical storm by the JMA. Following an improvement in Pat's substructure, the JTWC upgraded Pat to a typhoon on October 20. Shortly before making landfall on the island of Luzon, the JTWC estimated that the typhoon attained its peak intensity of 135 km/h (85 mph). According to the JTWC, Pat crossed central Luzon while remaining a typhoon.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Pat (Toyang)
After Pat entered the South China Sea, the JMA estimated that it attained its maximum intensity of 115 km/h (70 mph) on October 22. Shortly thereafter, Pat began to weaken as it interacted with Hainan. The JTWC estimated that Pat weakened into a tropical storm over the Gulf of Tonkin, and later that day, dissipated slightly onshore Vietnam.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Pat (Toyang)
Across Hainan, transport and telephone services were disrupted. About 33,000 ha (81,545 acres) of paddy fields were flooded and 16,000 ha (39,535 acres) of sugar cane were damaged or destroyed. Overall, damage was estimated at US$16 million. In Hong Kong, the storm dropped heavy rainfall for four days. There, a man was killed when one of the containers crushed onto a truck. In another incident, a woman was killed after being hit by a falling flower pot. Elsewhere, a man was injured by a falling tree. Scaffoldings at a construction site collapsed, damaging two automobiles. Press reports also indicated that Pat and rainstorms associated with a low-pressure area in mid-October left at least 90 people killed and left 500.000 homeless in Vietnam.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ruby (Unsang)
Typhoon Ruby, which developed east of the Philippines on October 20, rapidly intensified to a 145 mph typhoon while approaching central Luzon. It hit on the 24th, and rapidly weakened to a minimal typhoon over the island. Ruby, with its disrupted circulation, remained weak over the South China Sea, and land interaction with Vietnam caused it to dissipate on the 28th. Ruby caused over 300 fatalities, with widespread flooding and damage over its track. Ruby brought heavy rains and a 12-foot storm surge to Guam and the Marianas Islands.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ruby (Unsang)
On Luzon, the storm's 140 mph (220 km/h) winds caused tremendous damage to the town of Siniloan. In the Polillo Islands, east of Manila, Ruby spawned rare tornadoes that leveled homes. In the northern part of the Philippines, many fishing boats were wrecked by 30–40 foot waves, and 32 more people drowned. Damage in the Philippines totaled 5.64 billion Philippine Pesos (1989 pesos).


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ruby (Unsang)
The passenger ferry the MV Doña Marilyn was in the Visayan Sea when the storm struck the vessel. The storm caused the ferry to list to the starboard until one of the decks was below the water, causing the ship to fill up rapidly. The passengers and crew tried to save the ship, but to no avail. The Doña Marilyn sank stern first taking 389 people with it. Only 147 people survived by clinging to life rafts.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Skip (Yoning)
Just 2 weeks after Ruby hit Luzon, Skip, which formed on November 3, hit the central Philippines as a 145 mph typhoon. Ruby reached the South China Sea on the 7th, and steadily weakened until dissipation on the 12th. Skip was responsible for killing 104 people (with 95 missing) and extensive damage to the coconut, rice, and sugar crops.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Tess (Welpring)
After passing through the Philippines, a tropical disturbance organized in the South China Sea into a tropical depression late on the morning of November 4. Turning westward and strengthening, the cyclone became a tropical storm later that day, and then a typhoon by late November 5. It moved into Vietnam on November 6 and quickly weakened, becoming the only tropical cyclone that season to make landfall in the country. Its remains later moved across the Mekong River delta.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Val (Apiang)
The final tropical cyclone to develop in 1988 and the only in December, the origins of Tropical Storm Val. Tropical Storm Val was first spawned by an outbreak of Arctic air pushed southeastward across Asia on December 18. Within five days, this cold air mass extended from the southern Philippine Islands to the northern Marianas. The cold air quickly diminished, which spawned convection and multiple surface circulations across the monsoon trough. Thunderstorm activity consolidated on December 21, and an increase in organization prompted the issuance of a TCFA the next day.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Val (Apiang)
Later on December 22, both the JTWC and JMA upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression. On December 24, the JMA upgraded the depression into Tropical Storm Val. Around the time, JTWC and JMA reported that Lee attained its peak intensity of 105 km/h (65 mph) and 80 km/h (50 mph). Also on December 24, Val, which was moving westward at around 40 km/h (25 mph), grounded to a halt. The storm's center became less defined, which resulted in a weakening trend. After tracing northward, Val was downgraded to a tropical depression on December 27. The JTWC ceased tracking Val on December 26, with the JMA doing the same the next day.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names
During the season 26 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list which started in 1979.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1992 season. This is the same list used for the 1984 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Retirement
Because Typhoons Unsang and Yoning made extensive damage within the Philippines, the PAGASA later retired the names Unsang and Yoning and was replaced by Ulpiang and Yerling for the 1992 season.


1988 Pacific typhoon season, Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 1987 Pacific typhoon season. It includes their duration, names, affected areas, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1986 USD. Names listed in parentheses were assigned by PAGASA.


1988 Pacific-10 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1988 Pacific-10 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was played March 10–13 at McKale Center in Tucson, Arizona, on the University of Arizona campus. Both finalists made their first appearances in the title game, the first final to feature both top seeds. The champion of the tournament was host Arizona, which received the Pac-10's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. The Most Outstanding Player was Sean Elliott of Arizona.


1988 Pacific-10 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
This was the tournament's second edition and all ten teams participated.


1988 Pakistani general election
General elections were held in Pakistan on 16 November 1988 to elect the members of the National Assembly and Senate.


1988 Pakistani general election
The elections saw the resurgence of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's daughter, Benazir. Supporters of President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who had died in August 1988, reorganised themselves into a nine-party alliance, the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) with support from the intelligence agencies. This marked the beginning of a decade-long two-party system between the left-wing PPP and right-wing IJI and its successor the Pakistan Muslim League (N).


1988 Pakistani general election
The PPP emerged as the biggest party, winning 94 of the 207 seats in the National Assembly. The IJI came second with 56 seats amidst a voter turnout of just 43%. The PPP was able to form a government with other left-wing parties, including the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), with Bhutto becoming the first female Prime Minister in a Muslim country.


1988 Pakistani general election, Background
Parliamentary elections had been held on 7 March 1977, with the PPP gaining a two-thirds majority. However, amid violence and civil disorder, Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq ousted the Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in a military coup on 5 June, code-named Operation Fair Play. Martial law was lifted in 1985 when non-partisan and technocratic elections were held, resulting in Mohammad Junejo, a Sindhi lord, being appointed Prime Minister.


1988 Pakistani general election, Background
On 29 May 1988, the National Assembly which was elected in 1985 was dissolved prematurely by Zia, who also dismissed Junejo and the rest of his cabinet asserting that the 'administration was corrupt and inefficient'. The new polling date (exceeding the limit of 90 days following dissolution laid down by the Constitution of Pakistan) was set by the President on 20 July 1988. Moreover it was also announced that the elections would be held on a non-party basis. However, on 2 October, following the accidental death of Zia on 17 August, the Supreme Court reversed the ban on parties and allowed the elections to be held on a party basis.


1988 Pakistani general election, Campaign
A total of 1,370 candidates contested the National Assembly elections. The campaign lasted for a month and remained generally peaceful.


1988 Pakistani general election, Campaign
After Zia's death, the democratic socialists and secular parties re-united and campaigned under the PPP's platform led by Benazir Bhutto; previously Zia had crushed the socialists' Movement for the Restoration of Democracy, which had attempted to overthrow his military regime, and took extremely tough actions to further disintegrate the movement. The PPP campaign pledged to control and tackle the extremism in Pakistan, and as well as curb the power of the trade unions. The conservatives under Sharif on other hand campaigned upon expanding the industrialisation and privatisation program;


1988 Pakistani general election, Campaign
The liberal Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) did not formally contest the elections, but several of its members ran as independents.


1988 Pakistani general election, Results
Despite allegations of vote rigging against the PPP, and the use of the ID card rule to keep its less well-organized and relatively less well-off supporters from voting, Bhutto won the election by a margin of over 8%, thus managing to defeat the nine-party alliance of IJI.


1988 Pakistani general election, Results
MQM members running as independents received 5.4% of the vote, winning 13 seats in Karachi and Hyderabad.


1988 Pakistani general election, Results
The results in three Muslim constituencies were declared invalid; in the subsequent by-elections, the IJI won two seats and the PPP one. There were no candidates for the Ahmadi constituency.


1988 Pakistani general election, Aftermath
In light of the election results, acting President Ghulam Ishaq Khan invited the PPP to form a government. The PPP formed the government, making alliances with small parties and independent groups. On 4 December 1988, Bhutto was elected as the first female Prime Minister of a Muslim country. The new Cabinet, headed by Bhutto was subsequently announced.


1988 Pakistani general election, Aftermath
The MQM was pivotal in the formation of central government, as the PPP had failed to win a majority of seats. However, the MQM left the coalition in October 1989 when differences developed after dozens were killed at an MQM congregation by Sindhi nationalists, and the alliance fell apart in the wake of ensuing violence. The MQM lent its support to Nawaz Sharif’s Islami Jamhoori Ittehad instead.


1988 Palanca Awards
The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1988 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).


1988 Palanca Awards, Filipino division
“Ang Filipino sa Larangan ng Panitikan” by Isagani R. Cruz“Ang Mga Badjao sa Tungkalan” by Tomas F. Agulto“Sa Malalim at Malayong Panahon...” by Pedro L. Ricarte“Talinhaga, Hinaing at Pag-ibig ng Isang Makata” by Rustica Carpio


1988 Palauan general election
General elections were held in Palau on 2 November 1988 to elect a President, Vice-President, Senate and House of Delegates. All candidates ran as independents. Ngiratkel Etpison was elected President, whilst Kuniwo Nakamura won the election for Vice-President. Voter turnout was 82.6%.


1988 Pan American Race Walking Cup
The 1988 Pan American Race Walking Cup was held in Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 12–13 November. The track of the Cup runs in the Boulevard Marítimo Félix U. Camet.


1988 Pan American Race Walking Cup
Complete results, medal winners until 2011, and the results for the Mexican athletes were published.


1988 Pan American Race Walking Cup, Participation
The participation of 74 athletes from 9 countries is reported.


1988 Pan Pacific Open
The 1988 Pan Pacific Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in Tokyo in Japan and was part of the Category 4 tier of the 1988 WTA Tour. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and ran from 25 April through 1 May 1988. First-seeded Pam Shriver won the singles title and earned $50,000 first-prize money.


1988 Pan Pacific Open, Finals, Doubles
Pam Shriver /  Helena Suková defeated  Gigi Fernández /  Robin White 4–6, 6–2, 7–6(7–5)


1988 Pan Pacific Open – Doubles
Anne White and Robin White were the defending champions but only Robin White competed that year with Gigi Fernández.


1988 Pan Pacific Open – Doubles
Fernández and White lost in the final 4–6, 6–2, 7–6 against Pam Shriver and Helena Suková.


1988 Pan Pacific Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1988 Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Gabriela Sabatini was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1988 Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Pam Shriver won in the final 7–5, 6–1 against Helena Suková.


1988 Pan Pacific Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top four seeds received a bye to the second round.


1988 Panasonic Cup
The 1988 Panasonic Cup was the 15th edition of the NSWRL Midweek Cup, a NSWRL-organised national club Rugby League tournament between the leading clubs and representative teams from the NSWRL, the BRL, the CRL and Papua New Guinea.


1988 Panasonic Cup
A total of 19 teams from across Australia and Papua New Guinea played 18 matches in a straight knock-out format, with the matches being held midweek during the premiership season.


1988 Panasonic Cup, Teams
St. George : 1. Clinton Mohr, 2. Bert Gordon, 3. Brian Johnston, 4. Michael Beattie, 5. Ricky Walford, 6. Steve Robinson, 7. Brett Clark, 8. Peter Gill, 9. Graeme Wynn, 10. Wally Fullerton-Smith, 11. Craig Young, 12. Trevor Bailey, 13. Paul Osborne Reserves 14. Darren Higgins, 15. Colin Fraser, 16. Geoff Selby, 17. Mark Blackburn. Coach: Ted Glossop.


1988 Panasonic Cup, Teams
Balmain : 1. Garry Jack, 2. Clint Robinson, 3. Russel Gartner, 4. Matt Parish, 5. John Davidson, 6. Ross Conlon, 7. Michael Neil, 8. Wayne Pearce, 9. David Brooks, 10. Paul Sironen, 11. Steve Roach, 12. Ben Elias, 13. Bruce McGuire Reserves 14. Michael Moss, 15. Peter Camroux, 16. Kevin Hardwick, 17. Steve Edmed. Coach: Warren Ryan.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500
The 1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race that took place on April 24, 1988, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500
Dale Earnhardt would personally take his 13-year-old son Dale Jr. to finish lane in order to show him off to the NASCAR Cup Series world that would end up admiring him after the elder Earnhardt was killed at the 2001 Daytona 500 in a crash.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500, Background
Martinsville Speedway is one of five short tracks to hold NASCAR races. The standard track at Martinsville Speedway is a four-turn short-track oval that is 0.526 miles (0.847 km) long. The track's turns are banked at eleven degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at zero degrees. The back stretch also has a zero degree banking.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500, Race report
It took three hours and twenty-eight minutes for the race to reach completion. Notable speeds were: 74.740 miles per hour (120.282 km/h) as the average speed and 91.328 miles per hour (146.978 km/h) as the pole position speed. Jimmy Hensley managed to qualify Buddy Arrington's #67 Pannill Sweatshirts Ford in the top-10 for the Pannill Sweatshirts race. It was a shame a mechanical failure put him on the sidelines on lap 290. This was Hensley's only Cup start of the season.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500, Race report
Harry Gant wasn't on his way to winning this race; having qualified in 3rd place and having to leave the race due to engine problems on lap 208. Even if Gant had the lead on the last lap by a full straightaway, something would have caused him bad luck and forced him out of the race.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500, Race report
Hillin, Jr.'s third-place run was also his only top-5 performance on a short track in Cup competition.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500, Race report
Forty six thousand fans would watch Dale Earnhardt in his #3 Chevrolet Monte Carlo defeat Sterling Marlin in his #44 Oldsmobile Cutlass by almost two seconds. Earnhardt's other victory within the entire 1988 Winston Cup Series season came at the 1988 Motorcraft Quality Parts 500 near Atlanta, Georgia. The most dominant drivers in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series during the 1980s were Bill Elliott, Darrell Waltrip, Terry Labonte, Bobby Allison and Dale Earnhardt.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500, Race report
Seven caution flags slowed the race for 46 laps. Other notable drivers in the race included Bill Elliott (still racing on a part-time basis), Dale Jarrett (retired since 2008), Kyle Petty (retired since 2009), Ricky Rudd (retired since 2006), and Michael Waltrip (still racing on a part-time basis). This race would also be notorious for being the event where Richard Petty would receive one of his final last-place finishes of his career. In reality, Petty would receive his 15th and final "last place" finish at the 1989 Holly Farms 400 race at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Ernie Irvan (in his #2 vehicle) and Jimmy Means (in his #52 vehicle) both failed to qualify for the race.


1988 Pannill Sweatshirts 500, Race report
Total winnings for this race were $295,315 ($646,220 when adjusted for inflation) collectively spread throughout the qualifying drivers.


1988 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1988 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 12 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.


1988 Paraguayan general election
General elections were held in Paraguay on 14 February 1988. Alfredo Stroessner of the Colorado Party won the presidential elections, whilst the Colorado Party won 20 of the 30 seats in the Senate and 40 of the 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Voter turnout was 92.2%.


1988 Paraguayan general election
These were the first elections held since Stroessner nominally lifted a state of siege in 1987. The state of siege had been in force since he took office in 1954. Despite this, the elections took place in an atmosphere that was little different from past elections during Stroessner's 34-year rule. Opposition leaders were arbitrarily arrested, and opposition meetings and demonstrations were broken up—often brutally. The Colorados were the only party allowed to campaign unhindered. By election day, the only independent media outlets that hadn't been shut down were those operated by the Catholic Church. Under these conditions, most opposition parties urged their supporters to either cast blank ballots or abstain from voting altogether.


1988 Paraguayan general election
As it turned out, these were the last elections under Stroessner, who had won every election since 1954 with more than 70% of the vote. In February 1989, seven months after being sworn in for his eighth term, he was overthrown in a military coup. Fresh elections were held in May 1989, the first time the opposition had been able to contest elections more or less unmolested for over thirty years.


1988 Paris Open
The 1988 Paris Open was a Grand Prix men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 16th edition of the Paris Open (later known as the Paris Masters). It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France from 24 October through 31 October 1988. Unseeded Amos Mansdorf won the singles title.


1988 Paris Open, Finals, Doubles
Paul Annacone /  John Fitzgerald defeated  Jim Grabb /  Christo van Rensburg 6–2, 6–2


1988 Paris Open – Doubles
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Wolbo (talk | contribs) at 00:07, 1 December 2020 (→External links:  Updated external link). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1988 Paris Open – Doubles
Jakob Hlasek and Claudio Mezzadri were the defending champions but only Hlasek competed that year with Joey Rive.


1988 Paris Open – Doubles
Hlasek and Rive lost in the first round to Darren Cahill and Brad Drewett.


1988 Paris Open – Doubles
Paul Annacone and John Fitzgerald won in the final 6–2, 6–2 against Jim Grabb and Christo van Rensburg.


1988 Paris Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1988 Paris Open – Singles
Tim Mayotte was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Brad Gilbert.


1988 Paris Open – Singles
Amos Mansdorf won in the final 6–3, 6–2, 6–3 against Gilbert.


1988 Paris Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1988 Paris–Dakar Rally
1988 Dakar Rally also known as the 1988 Paris–Dakar Rally was the 10th running of the Dakar Rally event. 311 cars, 183 motorcycles, and 109 trucks started the rally. The rally was won by Juha Kankkunen, the motorcycle category was won by Edi Orioli, and the truck category was won by Karel Loprais on a Tatra 815. The event was marred by the death of six people, three participants, a mother and child killed in Mauritania when a camera car ran into a group of spectators, and a 10-year-old girl killed crossing the road in Mali.


1988 Paris–Dakar Rally
In addition, the rally leader Ari Vatanen's Peugeot 405 was stolen in Bamako, and would only be returned if a ransom of 25 million francs CFA was paid. The car eventually found, but it was too late to rejoin the race.


1988 Paris–Nice
The 1988 Paris–Nice was the 46th edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 6 March to 15 March 1988. The race started in Paris and finished at the Col d'Èze. The race was won by Sean Kelly of the Kas team.


1988 Paris–Roubaix
The 1988 Paris–Roubaix was the 86th edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race and was held on 10 April 1988. The race started in Compiègne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Dirk Demol of the AD Renting team.


1988 Paris–Tours
The 1988 Paris–Tours was the 82nd edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 9 October 1988. The race started in Chaville and finished in Tours. The race was won by Peter Pieters of the TVM team.


1988 Pau Grand Prix
The 1988 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula 3000 motor race held on 23 May 1988 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. The race was run as part of the 1988 International Formula 3000 Championship.


1988 Peach Bowl (December)
The 1988 Peach Bowl, part of the 1988 bowl season, took place on December 31, 1988, at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The competing teams were the Iowa Hawkeyes, representing the Big Ten Conference, and the NC State Wolfpack of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). In the second meeting between the schools, NC State was victorious by a final score of 28–23.


1988 Peach Bowl (December), Teams, Iowa
The Iowa Hawkeyes kicked off the 1988 season with a #9 preseason ranking. With two losses in their first three games, Iowa fell out of the rankings for good. The Hawkeyes finished conference play with only one loss, but endured three ties to finish the regular season at 6-3-3 and 4-1-3 in Big Ten play.


1988 Peach Bowl (December), Teams, NC State
The Wolfpack finished 3rd in the ACC, and handed conference champion Clemson its only league loss. The team finished ranked #18 in the final Coaches' Poll.


1988 Peach Bowl (December), Game summary
This installment of the Peach Bowl was played through a steady rain. The teams combined for 14 turnovers (7 each) and 12 fumbles (8 lost). The sloppy conditions were a factor from the start, as NC State recovered a fumble by Iowa's Chet Davis on the game's opening kickoff. The Hawkeye defense made it tough, but the Wolfpack capitalized four plays later on Charles Davenport's touchdown plunge on 4th and goal. Iowa managed a field goal later in the opening stanza to bring the score to 7–3.


1988 Peach Bowl (December), Game summary
NC State exploded for three touchdowns in the second quarter to take a 28–3 lead. Danny Peebles outran the coverage and caught a 75-yard bomb from Shane Montgomery on the quarter's first play, then Tyrone Jackson added two touchdown runs to stretch the lead. The Wolfpack scored 21 points on touchdown runs following Iowa fumbles. In all, the Hawkeyes committed five first-half turnovers. Iowa managed a touchdown before half to close the gap to 28–10.


1988 Peach Bowl (December), Game summary
Scoring slowed in the second half due to deteriorating field conditions, though Iowa continued to fight with a touchdown in each of the final two quarters.


1988 Peach Bowl (December), Game summary
In the loss, Chuck Hartlieb set a Peach Bowl record with 428 passing yards. He completed 30 of 51 pass attempts for 3 touchdowns, but was intercepted 4 times – 3 of those by Defensive MVP Michael Brooks.


1988 Peach Bowl (January)
The 1988 Peach Bowl, part of the 1987–88 bowl game season, took place on January 2, 1988, at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The competing teams were the Tennessee Volunteers, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Indiana Hoosiers of the Big Ten Conference (Big Ten). In what was the first ever meeting between the schools, Tennessee was victorious by a final score of 27–22.


1988 Peach Bowl (January), Teams, Tennessee
The 1987 Tennessee squad finished the regular season with a tie against Auburn and losses to Alabama and Boston College en route to an overall record of nine wins, two losses and one tie (9–2–1). In mid-November, the Volunteers accepted an invitation to play in the Peach Bowl. The appearance marked the second for Tennessee in the Peach Bowl, and their 29th overall bowl game.


1988 Peach Bowl (January), Teams, Indiana
The 1987 Indiana squad finished the regular season with losses at Kentucky, Iowa and Michigan State en route to an overall record of eight wins and three losses (8–3). In mid-November, the Hoosiers accepted an invitation to play in the Peach Bowl. Their appearance marked the first for Indiana in the Peach Bowl, and their fourth overall bowl game.


1988 Peach Bowl (January), Game summary
Tennessee scored first when Reggie Cobb scored on a six-yard touchdown run midway through the first quarter that gave the Volunteers an early 7–0 lead. Later in the quarter, Indiana cut the lead to 7–3 after a 52-yard field goal by Pete Stoyanovich, but Tennessee responded on their next possession with a 45-yard Jeff Francis touchdown pass to Anthony Miller that made the score 14–3 at the end of the first.


1988 Peach Bowl (January), Game summary
The Volunteers took a commanding 21–3 lead early in the second quarter on a 15-yard Miller touchdown pass to  	Terence Cleveland, but the Hoosiers then started their comeback that eventually resulted in a 22–21 lead. After a Cobb fumble gave Indiana possession on their own nine-yard line, they proceeded to drive 91-yards with their first touchdown scored by Ernest Jones on a 43-yard Dave Schnell pass that made the halftime score 21–10.


1988 Peach Bowl (January), Game summary
In the third, Anthony Thompson scored on a 12-yard run and Tim Jorden scored on another 12-yard run in the fourth that gave the Hoosiers a 22–21 lead after a pair of missed two-point conversions. Tennessee then scored the game-winning touchdown with just under two minutes remaining in the game on a nine-yard Cobb touchdown run that made the final score 27–22. For their individual performances, Cobb was recognized as the offensive MVP and Van Waiters was recognized as the defensive MVP of the game.


1988 Penn Quakers football team
The 1988 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Penn won a share of the Ivy League championship, its fifth of the past six years.


1988 Penn Quakers football team
In their third and final year under head coach Ed Zubrow, the Quakers compiled a 9–1 record and outscored opponents 269 to 208. Dan Bauer and Tom Gizzi were the team captains.


1988 Penn Quakers football team
Penn's 6–1 conference record tied with Cornell atop the Ivy League standings. The Quakers outscored Ivy opponents 182 to 75. Penn's only loss was to its co-champion, Cornell, in the last week of the year.


1988 Penn Quakers football team
Before its last two games, Penn appeared in the weekly top 20 national rankings, at No. 19 in the poll released November 8 and at No. 14 in the poll of November 15. Following the loss to Cornell, Penn dropped out of the rankings, and was not ranked at season's end.


1988 Penn Quakers football team
Penn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.