1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Singles
Ivan Lendl won the final on a walkover against Thomas Muster. Muster had his left knee ligaments severed when he was hit by a drunk driver just hours after winning his semi final match.


1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Doubles
Steffi Graf and Gabriela Sabatini were the defending champions but only Sabatini competed that year with Betsy Nagelsen.


1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Doubles
Nagelsen and Sabatini lost in the quarterfinals to Katrina Adams and Zina Garrison.


1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Doubles
Jana Novotná and Helena Suková won in the final 7–6 (7–5), 6–4 against Gigi Fernández and Lori McNeil.


1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Singles
Steffi Graf was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Singles
The final was won by Gabriela Sabatini 6–2, 4–6, 6–1 against Chris Evert.


1989 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 Lisburn Borough Council election
Elections to Lisburn Borough Council were held on 17 May 1989 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 28 councillors.


1989 Lisburn Borough Council election, Districts results, Downshire
1985: 3 x UUP, 3 x DUP, 1 x Alliance1989: 4 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance1985-1989 Change: UUP gain from DUP


1989 Lisburn Borough Council election, Districts results, Dunmurry Cross
1985: 2 x Sinn Féin, 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Alliance1989: 2 x Sinn Féin, 2 x UUP, 2 x SDLP, 1 x DUP1985-1989 Change: SDLP gain from Alliance


1989 Lisburn Borough Council election, Districts results, Killultagh
1985: 4 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP1989: 4 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent Conservative1985-1989 Change: Independent Conservative gain from DUP


1989 Lisburn Borough Council election, Districts results, Lisburn Town
1985: 4 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance1989: 5 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Alliance1985-1989 Change: UUP gain from DUP


1989 Little League World Series
The 1989 Little League World Series took place between August 22 and August 26 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The National Little League of Trumbull, Connecticut, defeated the Kang-Tu Little League of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in the championship game of the 43rd Little League World Series.


1989 Little League World Series, Champions path
The Trumbull National LL went 12–1 to reach the LLWS. In total, their record was 15–1.


1989 Liverpool state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool on 29 April 1989 because of the resignation of George Paciullo (Labor), after being passed over as leader of the party. The Labor pre-selection was the subject of a bitter battle between Mark Latham from the right wing faction and Paul Lynch from the left. Peter Anderson from the right was imposed by the Labor national executive.


1989 Livingston Open
The 1989 Livingston Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at Newark Academy in Livingston, New Jersey in the United States from August 7 through August 14, 1989. Second-seeded Brad Gilbert won the singles title.


1989 Livingston Open, Finals, Doubles
Tim Pawsat /  Tim Wilkison defeated  Kelly Evernden /  Sammy Giammalva Jr. 7–5, 6–3


1989 Livingston Open – Doubles
Grant Connell and Glenn Michibata were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.


1989 Livingston Open – Doubles
Tim Pawsat and Tim Wilkison won the title, defeating Kelly Evernden and Sammy Giammalva, Jr. 7–5, 6–3 in the final.


1989 Livingston Open – Singles
Andre Agassi was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.


1989 Livingston Open – Singles
Brad Gilbert won the title, defeating Jason Stoltenberg 6–4, 6–4 in the final.


1989 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 1989 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 75th edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 16 April 1989. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Sean Kelly of the PDM team.


1989 Lliga Catalana de Bàsquet
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by YugoBasket (talk | contribs) at 16:29, 10 January 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1989 Lliga Catalana de Bàsquet
The 1989 Lliga Catalana de Bàsquet was the 10th edition of the Catalan Basketball League.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on California's Central Coast on October 17 at 5:04 p.m. local time. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County, approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. With an Mw magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), the shock was responsible for 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (to the degree that it was designated a seismic gap) until two moderate foreshocks occurred in June 1988 and again in August 1989.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
Damage was heavy in Santa Cruz County and less so to the south in Monterey County, but effects extended well to the north into the San Francisco Bay Area, both on the San Francisco Peninsula and across the bay in Oakland. No surface faulting occurred, though many other ground failures and landslides were present, especially in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Liquefaction was also a significant issue, especially in the heavily damaged Marina District of San Francisco, but its effects were also seen in the East Bay, and near the shore of Monterey Bay, where a non-destructive tsunami was also observed.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
Because it happened during a national live broadcast of the 1989 World Series, taking place between Bay Area teams San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics, it is sometimes referred to as the "World Series earthquake", with the championship games of the year being referred to as the "Earthquake Series". Rush-hour traffic on the Bay Area freeways was lighter than normal because the game, being played at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, was about to begin, and this may have prevented a larger loss of life, as several of the Bay Area's major transportation structures suffered catastrophic failures. The collapse of a section of the double-deck Nimitz Freeway in Oakland was the site of the largest number of casualties for the event, but the collapse of man-made structures and other related accidents contributed to casualties occurring in San Francisco, Los Altos, and Santa Cruz.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background
The history of earthquake investigations in California has been largely focused on the San Andreas Fault System, due to its strong influence in the state as the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate; it is the most studied fault on Earth. Andrew Lawson, a geologist from the University of California, Berkeley, had named the fault after the San Andreas Lake (prior to the occurrence of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake) and later led an investigation into that event.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background
The San Andreas Fault ruptured for a length of 290 mi (470 km) during the 1906 shock, both to the north of San Francisco and to the south in the Santa Cruz Mountains region. Several long term forecasts for a large shock along the San Andreas Fault in that area had been made public prior to 1989 (the event and its aftershocks occurred within a recognized seismic gap) but the earthquake that transpired was not what had been anticipated. The 1989 Loma Prieta event originated on an undiscovered oblique-slip reverse fault that is located adjacent to the San Andreas Fault.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Forecasts
Since many forecasts had been presented for the region near Loma Prieta, seismologists were not taken by surprise by the October 1989 event. Between 1910 and 1989 there were 20 widely varying forecasts that were announced, with some that were highly specific, covering multiple aspects of an event, while others were less complete and vague.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Forecasts
With a M6.5 event on the San Juan Bautista segment, or an M7 event on the San Francisco Peninsula segment, United States Geological Survey (USGS) seismologist Allan Lindh's 1983 forecasted rupture length of 25 miles (40 km) (starting near Pajaro Gap, and continuing to the northwest) for the San Juan Bautista segment nearly matched the actual rupture length of the 1989 event. An updated forecast was presented in 1988, at which time Lindh took the opportunity to assign a new name to the San Juan Bautista segment – the Loma Prieta segment.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Forecasts
In early 1988, the Working Group for California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) made several statements regarding their forecasts for the 225 mi (360 km) northern San Andreas Fault segment, the 56 mi (90 km) San Francisco Peninsula segment, and a 18.8–22 mi (30–35 km) portion of that segment which was referred to as the southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. The thirty year probability for one or more M7 earthquakes in the study area was given as 50%, but because of a lack of information and low confidence, a 30% probability was assigned to the Southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Forecasts
Two moderate shocks, referred to as the Lake Elsman earthquakes by the USGS, occurred in the Santa Cruz Mountains region in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Following each event, the State office of Emergency Services issued (for the first time in Bay Area history) short term advisories for a possible large earthquake, which meant there was "a slightly increased likelihood of an M6.5 event on the Santa Cruz Mountains segment of the San Andreas fault". The advisories following the two Lake Elsman events were issued in part because of the statements made by WGCEP and because they were two of the three largest shocks to occur along the 1906 earthquake's rupture zone since 1914.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Foreshocks
The ML 5.3 June 1988 and the ML  5.4 August 1989 events also occurred on previously unknown oblique reverse faults and were within 3 mi (4.8 km) of the M6.9 Loma Prieta mainshock epicenter, near the intersection of the San Andreas and Sargent faults. Total displacement for these shocks was relatively small (approximately 4 in (100 mm) of strike-slip and substantially less reverse-slip) and although they occurred on separate faults and well before the mainshock, a group of seismologists considered these to be foreshocks due to their location in space and time relative to the main event.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Foreshocks
Each event's aftershock sequence and effect on stress drop was closely examined, and their study indicated that the shocks affected the mainshock's rupture process. Following the August 8, 1989 shock, in anticipation of an upcoming large earthquake, staff at the University of California, Santa Cruz deployed four accelerometers in the area, which were positioned at the UCSC campus, two residences in Santa Cruz, and a home in Los Gatos. Unlike other nearby (high gain) seismographs that were overwhelmed (driven off scale) by the large magnitude mainshock, the four accelerometers captured a useful record of the main event and more than half an hour of the early aftershock activity.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Foreshocks
The June 27, 1988, shock occurred with a maximum intensity of VI (Strong). Its effects included broken windows in Los Gatos, and other light damage in Holy City, where increased flow was observed at a water well. Farther away from the Santa Cruz Mountains, pieces of concrete fell from a parking structure at the Sunnyvale Town Center, a two-level shopping mall in Santa Clara County. More moderate damage resulted from the August 8, 1989, shock (intensity VII, Very strong) when chimneys were toppled in Cupertino, Los Gatos, and Redwood Estates.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Background, Foreshocks
Other damage included cracked walls and foundations and broken underground pipes. At the office of the Los Gatos City Manager, a window that was cracked had also been broken in the earlier shock. Also in Los Gatos, one man died when he fell or jumped through a window and impacted the ground five stories below.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake
The Loma Prieta earthquake was named for Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which lies just to the east of the mainshock epicenter. The duration of the heaviest shaking in the Santa Cruz Mountains was about 15 seconds, but strong ground motion recordings revealed that the duration of shaking was not uniform throughout the affected area (due to different types and thicknesses of soil).


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake
At sites with rocky terrain, the duration was shorter and the shaking was much less intense, and at locations with unconsolidated soil (like the Marina District in San Francisco or the Cypress Street Viaduct in Oakland) the intensity of the shaking was more severe and lasted longer. The strong motion records also allowed for the causative fault to be determined – the rupture was related to the San Andreas Fault System.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake
While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe) covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the epicenter (including the cities of Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville) farther to the north, portions of San Francisco were assessed at intensity IX (Violent). At more than 44 miles (70 km) distant, the San Francisco Bay Area recorded peak horizontal accelerations that were as high as 0.26g, and close to the epicenter they peaked at more than 0.6g.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake
In a general way, the location of aftershocks of the event delineated the extent of the faulting, which (according to seismologist Bruce Bolt) extended about 24 miles (40 km) in length. Because the rupture took place bilaterally, the duration of strong shaking was about half of what it would have been had it ruptured in one direction only. The duration of a typical M6.9 shock with a comparable rupture length would have been about twice as long.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Characteristics
Gregory Beroza, a seismologist with Stanford University, made several distinctions regarding the 1906 and 1989 events. Near Loma Prieta, the 1906 rupture was more shallow, had more strike-slip, and occurred on a fault that was near vertical. The 1989 event's oblique-slip rupture was at 10 km and below on a fault plane that dipped 70° to the southwest. Because much of the slip in 1989 occurred at depth and the rupture propagated up dip, Beroza proposed that the overlying San Andreas Fault actually inhibited further rupture and also maintains that the occurrence of an event at the location that was forecast by the WGCEP in 1988 was coincidental.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Characteristics
The contrasting characteristics of the 1906 and 1989 events were examined by seismologists Hiroo Kanamori and Kenji Satake. The significant amount of vertical displacement in 1989 was a key aspect to consider because a long-term sequence of 1989-type events (with an 80–100-year recurrence interval) normally result in regions with high topographic relief, which is not seen in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Three scenarios were presented that might explain this disparity. The first is that the geometry of the San Andreas Fault goes through a transition every several thousand years. Secondly, slip type could vary from event to event. And lastly, the 1989 event did not occur on the San Andreas Fault.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Ground effects
While the effects of a four-year drought limited the potential of landslides, the steep terrain near the epicenter was prone to movement, and up to 4,000 landslides may have occurred during the event. The majority of landslides occurred to the southwest of the epicenter, especially along road cuts in the Santa Cruz Mountains and in the Summit Road area, but also along the bluffs of the Pacific Coast, and as far north as the Marin Peninsula. Highway 17 was blocked for several weeks due to a large slide and one person was killed by a rockfall along the coast.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Ground effects
Other areas with certain soil conditions were susceptible to site amplification due to the effects of liquefaction, especially near the shore of San Francisco Bay (where its effects were severe in the Marina District) and to the west of the epicenter near rivers and other bodies of water. Minor lateral spreading was also seen along the shores of San Francisco Bay and to the south near Monterey Bay. Other ground effects included downslope movement, slumps, and ground cracks.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Injuries and fatalities
Fifty-seven of the deaths were directly caused by the earthquake; six further fatalities were ruled to have been caused indirectly. In addition, there were 3,757 injuries as a result of the earthquake, 400 of which were serious. The highest number of deaths, 42, occurred in Oakland because of the collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct on the Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880), where the upper level of a double-deck portion of the freeway collapsed, crushing the cars on the lower level, and causing crashes on the upper level.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Injuries and fatalities
One 50-foot (15 m) section of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge also collapsed, leading to a single fatality, Anamafi Moala, a 23-year-old woman. Three people were killed in the collapse of buildings along the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz, and five people were killed in the collapse of a brick wall on Bluxome Street in San Francisco.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Injuries and fatalities
When the earthquake hit, the third game of the 1989 World Series baseball championship was about to begin. Because of the unusual circumstance that both of the World Series teams (the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics) were based in the affected area, many people had left work early or were staying late to participate in after work group viewings and parties. As a consequence the normally crowded freeways contained unusually light traffic. If traffic had been normal for a Tuesday rush hour, injuries and deaths would certainly have been higher. The initial media reports failed to take into account the game's effect on traffic and initially estimated the death toll at 300, a number that was corrected to 63 in the days after the earthquake.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Magnetic disturbances
After the earthquake occurred, a group led by Antony C. Fraser-Smith of Stanford University reported that the event was preceded by disturbances in background magnetic field noise as measured by a sensor placed in Corralitos, about 4.5 miles (7 km) from the epicenter. From October 5, they reported that a substantial increase in noise was measured in the frequency range 0.01–10 Hz. The measurement instrument was a single-axis search-coil magnetometer that was being used for low frequency research.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Earthquake, Magnetic disturbances
Precursor increases of noise apparently started a few days before the earthquake, with noise in the range 0.01–0.5 Hz rising to exceptionally high levels about three hours before the earthquake. The Fraser-Smith et al. report remains one of the most frequently cited claims of a specific earthquake precursor, more recent studies have cast doubt on the connection, attributing the Corralitos signals to either unrelated magnetic disturbance or, even more simply, to sensor-system malfunction.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
The earthquake caused severe damage in some very specific locations in the Bay Area, most notably on unstable soil in San Francisco and Oakland. Oakland City Hall was evacuated after the earthquake until a US$80 million (equivalent to US$167 million today) seismic retrofit and hazard abatement work was completed in 1995. Many other communities sustained severe damage throughout the region located in Alameda, San Mateo, Santa Clara, San Benito, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. Major property damage in San Francisco's Marina District 60 mi (97 km) from the epicenter resulted from liquefaction of soil used to create waterfront land. Other effects included sand volcanoes, landslides and ground ruptures. Some 12,000 homes and 2,600 businesses were damaged. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) turned people who were homeless prior to the earthquake away from homeless shelters and provided shelter for those with homes prior to the earthquake.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
In Santa Cruz, close to the epicenter, 40 buildings collapsed, killing six people. At the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, the Plunge Building was significantly damaged. Liquefaction also caused damage in the Watsonville area. For example, sand volcanoes formed in a field near Pajaro as well as in a strawberry field. The Ford's department store in Watsonville experienced significant damage, including a crack down the front of the building. Many homes were dislodged if they were not bolted to their foundations. There were structural failures of twin bridges across Struve Slough near Watsonville.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
In Moss Landing, the liquefaction destroyed the causeway that carried the Moss Beach access road across a tidewater basin, damaged the approach and abutment of the bridge linking Moss Landing spit to the mainland and cracked the paved road on Paul's Island. In the Old Town historical district of the city of Salinas, unreinforced masonry buildings were partially destroyed.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
An estimated 1.4 million people lost power following the quake, mainly due to damaged electrical substations. Many San Francisco radio and television stations were temporarily knocked off the air. KGO-TV, the local ABC station in San Francisco, was off the air for about 15 minutes, while KRON-TV (at the time the region's NBC affiliate) was off the air for about half an hour, and KGO-AM (ABC News Radio) was off the air for about 40 minutes.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
About an hour and 40 minutes after the quake, Fox affiliate KTVU resumed broadcasting, with their news anchors, Dennis Richmond and Elaine Corral reporting from the station's parking lot. KCBS-AM (CBS News Radio) switched immediately to backup power and managed to stay on air despite a subsequent generator failure. KCBS later won a Peabody Award for their news coverage, as did KGO-TV.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
KNBR-AM (the designated station for the Bay Area's Emergency Broadcast System at the time) failed to communicate a catastrophe with the activation and instructions of the Emergency Broadcast System to the public after the quake. It was due to the engineering department at KNBR experiencing major technical malfunctions and difficulties. The malfunctions during the aftermath of the earthquake caused confusion as to whether an earthquake would cause the Emergency Broadcast System to activate.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
KNBR began using an emergency generator, hooking up the signal from a command center at the time right after their nearby studio was severely shaken during the quake, in which most of the KNBR staff were at Candlestick at the time due to the World Series being played. The Mayor of San Francisco later came on the air and provided an update on the earthquake. According to an aftermath article by Tsuneo Katayama from March 1992, a staff member at KNBR answered some questions at a nearby station about the failed activation of the EBS.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
One answer was replied saying that KNBR was "not primary" but KNBR "is an EBS station". Sarcastic comments were then responded as well, saying that the EBS hasn't been activated until 2 days after the earthquake. Later on, one KNBR listener responded that the very first thing that came on after the earthquake is the Mayor saying that "all off-duty police officers and firemen for the Cities and Counties of San Francisco and Oakland were reported to work".


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
Another correspondent later said that the problem with both OES and the Emergency Broadcast System is that "there are so many cities" such as Oakland, Berkeley, and San Jose. One of the criticisms is that the only official announcement was simply "too slow" to air. Another correspondent replied that "the Loma Prieta experience seems to have left more than slight concern over the EBS". An answer was lastly then responded to KNBR, "One important thing we learned from the EBS and the quake was that we are still very unprepared to get out information quickly, clearly, and uninterruptedly.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
We're fortunate that we were able to hook up and establish the EBS, but there were so many links in the chain that were not communicating". According to the Department of the Interior and the National Science Foundation's article on the "U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper #1552-A" (1999), KNBR was one of the first radio stations to return to the air after the earthquake but failed to activate the EBS due to the staff being isolated in Candlestick Park.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
On the November 3, 1989, issue of the Gavin Report, KNBR after the earthquake under their circumstance had decided to activate the Emergency Broadcast System itself, and other stations legally chose to rebroadcast KNBR without having them written an authority to do so, or making the use of telecasts of the station. The Federal Communications Commission later investigated the issue of KNBR's EBS malfunction, calling the fail "revoked". Due to the major EBS failure at KNBR’s activation and the engineering department after the quake, KCBS-AM became the new primary station for the Bay Area Emergency Broadcast System in 1990 after being secondary for years alongside KGO-AM which was still secondary as of 2021.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
(All four network-affiliated TV stations (KRON, KGO, KTVU and CBS affiliate KPIX) would recover enough to broadcast continuous breaking news coverage of the aftermath of the quake for the next several hours, some of it picked up and broadcast nationally over their respective networks, as well as on CNN, in a manner anticipating later major catastrophes such as the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake and the 9/11 terror attacks).


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
Power was restored to most of San Francisco by midnight, and all but 12,000 customers had their power restored within two days.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage
The quake caused an estimated $6 billion (equivalent to $13 billion today) in property damage, becoming one of the most expensive natural disasters in U.S. history at the time. Private donations poured into aid relief efforts and on October 26, President George H. W. Bush signed a $1.1 billion ($2.3 billion today) earthquake relief package for California.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Marina District
Four people died in San Francisco's Marina District, four buildings were destroyed by fire, and seven buildings collapsed. Another 63 damaged structures were judged too dangerous to live in. Among the four deaths, one family lost their infant son who choked on dust while trapped for an hour inside their collapsed apartment.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Marina District
The Marina district was built on a landfill made of a mixture of sand, dirt, rubble, waste, and other materials containing a high percentage of groundwater. Some of the fill was rubble dumped into San Francisco Bay after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but most was sand and debris laid down in preparation for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, a celebration of San Francisco's ability to rebound after its catastrophe in 1906. After the Exposition, apartment buildings were erected on the landfill. In the 1989 earthquake, the water-saturated unconsolidated mud, sand, and rubble suffered liquefaction, and the earthquake's vertical shock waves rippled the ground more severely.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Marina District
At the intersection of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco, a natural gas main rupture caused a major structure fire. The San Francisco Fire Department selected civilians to help run fire hoses from a distance because the nearby hydrant system failed. Since the bay was only two blocks from the burning buildings, water from the bay was pumped by the fireboat Phoenix, to engines on the shore, and from there sprayed on the fire. The apartment structures that collapsed were older buildings that included ground-floor garages, which engineers refer to as a soft story building.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties
In Santa Cruz, the Pacific Garden Mall was severely damaged, with falling debris killing three people, half of the six earthquake deaths in Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties. Some 31 buildings were damaged enough to warrant demolition, seven of which had been listed in the Santa Cruz Historic Building Survey. The four oldest were built in 1894, the five oldest withstood the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties
Immediately, a number of civilians began to free victims from the rubble of Ford's Department Store and the Santa Cruz Coffee Roasting Company – both buildings had collapsed inward on customers and employees alike. Two police officers crawled through voids in the debris, found one victim alive and another dead inside the coffee house. Santa Cruz beach lifeguards assisted in moving the victims. Police dogs were brought in to help locate other victims. A woman was found dead inside Ford's.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties
The civilians who were helpful initially, were soon viewed by police and fire officials as a hindrance to operations, with frantic coworkers and friends of a coffee house employee thought to be trapped under the rubble continuing their efforts in the dark. Police arrested those who refused to stop searching. This became a political issue in the following days. The body of a young woman coffee worker was found under a collapsed wall late the next day.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties
During the first few days following the quake, electric power to most Santa Cruz County subscribers was out, and some areas had no water. Limited phone service remained online, providing a crucial link to rescue workers. Widespread search operations were organized to find possible victims inside the remains of fallen structures. As many as six teams of dogs and their handlers were at work identifying the large number of damaged buildings that held no victims.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties
The quake claimed one life in Watsonville: a driver who collided with panicked horses after they escaped their collapsed corral. In other Santa Cruz and Monterey county locations such as Boulder Creek and Moss Landing, a number of structures were damaged, with some knocked off of their foundations. Many residents slept outside their homes out of concern for further damage from aftershocks, of which there were 51 with magnitudes greater than 3.0 in the following 24 hours, and 16 more the second day. The earthquake damaged several historic buildings in the Old Town district of Salinas, and some were later demolished.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties
Damage to the Salinas River rail bridge and subsequent repairs led to reduced traffic on the Monterey Branch Line, which contributed to the discontinuance of freight rail services in western Monterey County.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge suffered severe damage, as a 76-by-50-foot (23 m × 15 m) section of the upper deck on the eastern cantilever side fell onto the deck below. The quake caused the Oakland side of the bridge to shift 7 in (18 cm) to the east, and caused the bolts of one section to shear off, sending the 250-short-ton (230 t; 500,000 lb; 226,800 kg) section of roadbed crashing down like a trapdoor. Traffic on both decks came to a halt, blocked by the section of the roadbed.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
Police began unsnarling the traffic jam, telling drivers to turn their cars around and drive back the way they had come. Eastbound drivers stuck on the lower deck between the collapse and Yerba Buena Island were routed up to the upper deck and westward back to San Francisco. A miscommunication made by emergency workers at Yerba Buena Island routed some drivers the wrong way; they were directed to the upper deck where they drove eastward toward the collapse site.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
One of these drivers did not see the open gap in time; the car plunged over the edge and smashed onto the collapsed roadbed. The driver, Anamafi Moala, died, and the passenger, her brother, was seriously injured. Caltrans removed and replaced the collapsed section, and re-opened the bridge on November 18.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct
The worst disaster of the earthquake was the collapse of the double-deck Cypress Street Viaduct of Interstate 880 in West Oakland. The failure of a 1.25-mile (2.0 km) section of the viaduct, also known as the "Cypress Structure" and the "Cypress Freeway", killed 42 and injured many more.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct
Built-in the late 1950s and opened to traffic in 1957 (as SR 17), the Cypress Street Viaduct, a stretch of Interstate 880, was a double-deck freeway section made of nonductile reinforced concrete that was constructed above and astride Cypress Street in Oakland. Roughly half of the land the Cypress Viaduct was built on filled marshland and half were somewhat more stable alluvium. Because of new highway structure design guidelines – the requirement of ductile construction elements – instituted following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, a limited degree of earthquake reinforcement was retrofitted to the Cypress Viaduct in 1977.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct
The added elements were longitudinal restraints at transverse expansion joints in the box girder spans, but no studies were made of possible failure modes specific to the Cypress Viaduct. Caltrans has since received widespread backlash for not thoroughly studying the structure. When the earthquake hit, the shaking was amplified on the former marshland, and soil liquefaction occurred.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct
When the earthquake struck, the freeway buckled and twisted before the support columns failed and the upper deck fell on the lower deck. Forty-two people were crushed to death in their cars. Cars on the upper deck were tossed around violently, some of them flipped sideways and some of them were left dangling at the edge of the freeway. Nearby residents and factory workers came to the rescue, climbing onto the wreckage with ladders and forklifts and pulling trapped people out of their cars from under a four-foot gap in some sections.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct
60 members of Oakland's Public Works Agency left the nearby city yard and joined rescue efforts. Employees from Pacific Pipe drove heavy lift equipment to the scene and started using it to raise sections of fallen freeway enough to allow further rescue. Local workers continued their volunteer operation nonstop until October 21, 1989, when they were forced to pause as U.S. President George H. W. Bush and California Governor George Deukmejian viewed the damage. On October 21, survivor Buck Helm was freed from the wreckage, having spent 90 hours trapped in his car. Dubbed "Lucky Buck" by the local radio, Helm lived for another 29 days on life support, but then died of respiratory failure at the age of 58.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct
Although the freeway reopened in stages between 1997 and 1999, it was not fully rebuilt until 2001 due to safety and reinforcement concerns. In the meantime, traffic was detoured through nearby Interstate 980, causing increased congestion.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct
Instead of rebuilding Interstate 880 over the same ground, Caltrans rerouted the freeway farther west around the outskirts of West Oakland to provide better access to the Port of Oakland and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, and to meet community desires to keep the freeway from cutting through residential areas (at the time the original viaduct was constructed, West Oakland was predominantly occupied by African- and Hispanic-Americans). Street-level Mandela Parkway now occupies the previous roadbed of the Cypress structure.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Effects on transportation
Immediately after the earthquake, Bay Area airports were closed so officials could conduct a visual inspection and damage assessment procedures. San Jose International Airport, Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport all opened the next morning. Large cracks in Oakland's runway and taxiway reduced the usable length to two-thirds normal, and damage to the dike required quick remediation to avoid flooding the runway with water from the bay. Oakland Airport repair costs were assessed at $30 million (equivalent to $66 million today).


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Effects on transportation
San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) lost all power to electric transit systems when the quake hit, but otherwise suffered little damage and no injuries to operators or riders. Cable cars and electric trains and buses were stalled in place – half of Muni's transport capability was lost for 12 hours. Muni relied on diesel buses to continue abbreviated service until electric power was restored later that night, and electric units could be inspected and readied for service on the morning of October 18. After 78 hours, 96 percent of Muni services were back in operation, including the cable cars. Amtrak intercity rail service into Oakland from the California Zephyr continued, but the Coast Starlight was temporarily suspended north of Salinas because of damage to the Southern Pacific's Coast Line.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Damage, Effects on transportation
The earthquake changed the Bay Area's automobile transportation landscape. Not only did the quake force seismic retrofitting of all Bay Area bridges, it caused enough damage that some parts of the region's freeway system had to be demolished. Damage to the region's transportation system was estimated at $1.8 billion (equivalent to $3.8 billion today).


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
The 1989 World Series featured the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants in the first cross-town World Series since 1956. Game 3 of the series was scheduled to begin at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on October 17 at 5:35 PDT, and American TV network ABC began its pre-game show at 5:00 PDT. When the quake struck at approximately 5:04 PDT, sportscaster Tim McCarver was narrating taped highlights of Game 2, which had been played two days prior across the Bay Bridge in Oakland. Television viewers saw the video signal begin to break up, heard McCarver repeat a sentence as the shaking distracted him, and heard McCarver's colleague Al Michaels exclaim, "I'll tell you what, we're having an earth – ." At that moment, the signal from Candlestick Park was lost.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
The network put up a green ABC Sports “World Series” technical difficulties telop graphic while it scrambled to repair the video feed (the broadcast cameras and mics were powered by the local power supply), but audio from the stadium was restored after a few seconds via a telephone link:


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
Al Michaels: Well, heh, I don't know if we're on the air... We are in commercial, I guess.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
Michaels: Well, heh, I don't know if we're on the air or not, and I'm not sure I care at this particular moment but we are. Well, folks, that's the greatest open in the history of television! Bar none!


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
Michaels: Yes, it certainly did! Heh! We're still here! Heh! We are still, as we can tell, on the air, and I guess you are hearing us, even though we have no picture and no return audio, and we will be back, we hope, from San Francisco, in just a moment.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
The combined screams of excitement and panic from fans who had no idea of the devastation elsewhere could be heard in the background. ABC then switched to episodes of Roseanne and The Wonder Years, which was on standby for a rain delay situation, while attempting to restore electricity to its remote equipment. KGO-TV, the local owned-and-operated ABC station in San Francisco, lost power for almost 15 minutes upon the start of the earthquake, before beginning its coverage with anchor Cheryl Jennings.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
With anchorman Ted Koppel in position in Washington, D.C., ABC News began continuous coverage of the quake at 5:32 PM PDT, with Al Michaels, in the process, becoming a de facto on-site reporter for ABC. CBS News also began coverage around that same time with coverage from its San Francisco affiliate KPIX-TV. About an hour later, NBC News also began continuous coverage with Tom Brokaw anchoring and featuring local coverage from its then-San Francisco affiliate, KRON-TV.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
A Goodyear Blimp had already been overhead to cover the baseball game, and ABC used it to capture images of damage to the Bay Bridge and other locations. Local Fox affiliate KTVU was knocked off the air for over 90 minutes before returning to the air with a raw feed fed from one of the station's remote trucks. KTVU anchors Dennis Richmond and Elaine Corral began their coverage from the station's parking lot, as power had not yet been restored to that section of Oakland.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
Inside Candlestick Park, fewer than half of the more than 62,000 fans had reached their seats by the time of the quake, and the load on the structure of the stadium was lower than maximum. There had also been a seismic-strengthening project previously completed on the upper deck concrete windscreen that may have prevented large numbers of injuries in the event of serious damage or even a catastrophic collapse.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
Fans reported that the stadium moved in an articulated manner as the earthquake wave passed through it, that the light standards swayed by many feet, and that the concrete upper deck windscreen moved in a wave-like manner over a distance of several feet. When electrical power to the stadium was lost, someone drove a police car onto the field, where an officer used the car's public address system to advise that the game had been postponed. After the shaking subsided, many of the players on both teams immediately searched for, and gathered, family and friends from the stands before evacuating the facility.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
The October 18, 1989, edition of NBC's Today that covered the earthquake ran until noon Eastern Time. Bryant Gumbel, Jane Pauley and Deborah Norville anchored from Chicago (where they had planned to originally do a special celebratory edition), with reports done by Bob Jamieson and Don Oliver in San Francisco, and George Lewis in Oakland. Jim Miklasewski and Bob Hager covered disaster response from Washington. NBC Sports commentators Bob Costas and Jimmy Cefalo discussed the effect the temblor would have on the 1989 World Series.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
The World Series was delayed while the Bay Area started the recovery process. While the teams' stadiums had suffered only minor damage, it took several days for power and transmission links at Candlestick Park to be repaired. After ten days (the longest delay in World Series history), Game 3 was held in San Francisco on October 27 and Game 4 the following afternoon as the A's swept the Giants, four games to none.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake
It is likely that the World Series game saved many lives, as Bay Area residents who would have normally been on the freeways were at home ready to watch the game when the earthquake hit. It is a rough estimate that thousands of people may have otherwise been on the Cypress Structure during the 5:00 p.m. rush-hour, as the structure was said to have carried 195,000 vehicles a day.


1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, In popular culture
Some earthquake and disaster-themed television documentaries that feature the earthquake include:


1989 London Marathon
The 1989 London Marathon was the ninth running of the annual marathon race in London, United Kingdom, which took place on Sunday, 23 April. The elite men's race was won by Kenya's Douglas Wakiihuri in a time of 2:09:03 hours and the women's race was won by home athlete Véronique Marot in 2:25:56. Marot's time was a British national record, which stood for 13 years before Paula Radcliffe improved it with a world record at the 2002 London Marathon.


1989 London Marathon
In the wheelchair races, British athletes David Holding (1:59:31) and Josie Cichockyj (3:03:54) won the men's and women's divisions, respectively. This was the first time an athlete completed the wheelchair marathon in under two hours.


1989 London Marathon
Around 72,000 people applied to enter the race, of which 31,772 had their applications accepted and 24,452 started the race. A total of 22,701 runners finished the race.


1989 London Masters
The 1989 Continental Airlines London Masters was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from September 1988 to May 1989 at the Café Royal in London, England.


1989 London Masters
Stephen Hendry won the tournament beating John Parrott 4–2 in the final.


1989 Long Beach State 49ers football team
The 1989 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented California State University, Long Beach during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1989 Long Beach State 49ers football team
Cal State Long Beach competed in the Big West Conference. The team was led by third-year head coach Larry Reisbig, and played home games at Veterans Stadium on the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins and eight losses (4–8, 2–5 Big West). The 49ers offense scored 246 points while the defense allowed 407 points.


1989 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL
No Long Beach State 49ers were selected in the 1990 NFL Draft.


1989 Lorraine Open
The 1989 Lorraine Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Nancy, France, and was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. The tournament took place from 27 February through 5 March 1989. It was the 11th and final edition of the tournament. Third-seeded Guy Forget won the singles title.


1989 Lorraine Open, Finals, Doubles
Udo Riglewski /  Tobias Svantesson defeated  João Cunha e Silva /  Eduardo Masso 6–4, 6–7, 7–6


1989 Lorraine Open – Doubles
Jaroslav Navrátil and Tom Nijssen were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1989 Lorraine Open – Doubles
Udo Riglewski and Tobias Svantesson won in the final 6–4, 6–7, 7–6 against João Cunha e Silva and Eduardo Masso.


1989 Lorraine Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 Lorraine Open – Singles
Jonas Svensson was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1989 Lorraine Open – Singles
Guy Forget won in the final 6–3, 7–6 against Michiel Schapers.


1989 Lorraine Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season marked the 100th season for the franchise in Major League Baseball, having joined the National League in 1890 after six seasons in the American Association. It also marked their 32nd season in Los Angeles, California.


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The team came down to earth after the success of the 1988 season, finishing further down in the standings falling to fourth place in the Western Division of the National League.


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
The Dodgers drafted 65 players in this draft. Of those, seven of them would eventually play Major League baseball. The Dodgers had three first round picks this season as they gained the New York Yankees first round pick and a supplemental pick for the loss of free agent Steve Sax. They also gained an extra second round pick from the Cleveland Indians as compensation for the loss of pitcher Jesse Orosco.


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
With their first pick in the 1st round, the Dodgers selected pitcher Kiki Jones from Hillsborough High School in Tampa, Florida. Despite concerns that he was too small to make it, the Dodgers drafted him and their scouting director said "he's got the best arm around and the best curveball in the country." He was 8-0 with a 1.58 ERA his first season in the rookie leagues with the Great Falls Dodgers but then began to experience arm injuries and legal problems. The Dodgers released him after the 1993 season, though he attempted comebacks in 1998–1999 and 2001. In 8 total minor league seasons he was 23-20 with a 4.13 ERA in 77 games (61 starts).


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
Their next first round pick was outfielder Tom Goodwin from California State University, Fresno. He would play 14 seasons in the Majors (5 of them with the Dodgers) and hit .268 while stealing 369 bases. The supplemental pick was pitcher Jamie McAndrew of the University of Florida. He was subsequently selected by the Florida Marlins in the 1992 expansion draft and eventually pitched in 15 games in the Majors with the Milwaukee Brewers in 1995 and 1997.


1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Major League Baseball Draft
The most successful pick was Eric Young drafted in the 43rd round out of Rutgers University as an outfielder. He was selected by the Colorado Rockies in the 1992 expansion draft and spent most of his 15-season career as a second baseman. He hit .283 in 1,730 career games with 79 homers, 543 RBI and 465 steals while playing with seven different teams.


1989 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards
The 15th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards were announced on 16 December 1989 and given on 16 January 1990.


1989 Los Angeles Open
The 1989 Los Angeles Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California, United States as part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 63rd edition of the tournament and was held from September 18 through September 24, 1989. Fifth-seeded Aaron Krickstein won the singles title.


1989 Los Angeles Open, Finals, Doubles
Martin Davis /  Tim Pawsat defeated  John Fitzgerald /  Anders Järryd 7–5, 7–6


1989 Los Angeles Open – Doubles
John McEnroe and Mark Woodforde were the defending champions but only Woodforde competed that year with Patrick McEnroe.


1989 Los Angeles Open – Doubles
McEnroe and Woodforde lost in the first round to Pieter Aldrich and Danie Visser.


1989 Los Angeles Open – Doubles
Martin Davis and Tim Pawsat won in the final 7–5, 7–6 against John Fitzgerald and Anders Järryd.


1989 Los Angeles Open – Singles
Mikael Pernfors was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Brad Gilbert.


1989 Los Angeles Open – Singles
Aaron Krickstein won in the final 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 against Michael Chang.


1989 Los Angeles Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 Los Angeles Raiders season
The 1989 Los Angeles Raiders season was the franchise's 30th season overall, and the franchise's 20th season in the National Football League. Art Shell replaced Mike Shanahan, and in the process became the first black head coach in the NFL since Fritz Pollard coached the Akron Pros in 1921. The team finished with an 8–8 record. In preseason against the Houston Oilers, the Raiders played their first game in Oakland since moving to Los Angeles in 1982, before eventually moving back to Oakland in 1995.


1989 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season
The Raiders started the season with one win and three losses. After hiring Art Shell in Week 5, the Raiders won seven of their next ten games. The Raiders suffered road losses to the Seahawks and to the Giants, to be eliminated from playoff contention.


1989 Los Angeles Raiders season, Regular season
Against the Cincinnati Bengals, Bo Jackson scored a touchdown on a 92-yard run. He became the first player ever with two runs of 90 plus yards in a career. Steve Wisniewski was the youngest player on the Raiders roster. At the age of 22, he was in the starting lineup at the Guard position. Steve Beuerlein started seven games at quarterback and his best performance was against the New York Giants in week 16. Beuerlein had 16 completions and 266 passing yards.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1989 Los Angeles Rams season was the franchise's 52nd season in the National Football League, their 42nd overall, and their 44th in the Greater Los Angeles Area. It constituted their last postseason appearance in Los Angeles before owner Georgia Frontiere, who would eventually move the team to St. Louis six seasons later, sold many top players, and in the playoffs, they were defeated by the eventual Super Bowl champion San Francisco 49ers.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season
It also constituted their last winning season until 1999 in St. Louis, and last in Los Angeles until 2017.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 1
Falcons rookie Deion Sanders gave the home crowd an early lift with a punt return TD (despite fumbling the ball twice), but Rams pulled away in the second half behind 128 yards rushing and two touchdowns by Greg Bell. Kevin Greene had three sacks.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 2
Jim Everett and Henry Ellard hooked up for three scores as the Rams had another strong second half.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week  3
Rams rolled to a 38–7 halftime lead behind Bell's 221 rushing yards and 2 TD's and 2 more TD passes by Everett, but barely held off a furious comeback from the Packers behind Don Majkowski.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 4
Rams got early NFC West bragging rights in a tough road win. Everett hit Willie Anderson on a 65-yard TD bomb for the game's only TD.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 5
Everett passed for two touchdowns and Mike Lansford booted four field goals.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 6
In a wild Monday night affair, Frank Reich, subbing for an injured Jim Kelly, tossed a pair of 4th quarter TD passes including the game-winner to Andre Reed.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 7
A 2–4 Saints team blew out the Rams on their home turf behind 3 TD passes by Bobby Hebert. Saints local product Dalton Hilliard from LSU had 3 TD's, two rushing and one receiving.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 8
Rams lost their third straight in the cold of Chicago as the Bear defense held Everett to 13 of 35 passing and intercepted him twice.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week  9
In a highly unusual overtime loss, the Rams kept the Vikings out of the end zone, but Vikings kicker Rich Karlis booted seven FG's. The winning score came when LB Mike Merriweather blocked a Dale Hatcher punt out of the end zone for a safety. The Vikings became the first NFL team ever to win in sudden death OT on a safety.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 10
Rams got back to their winning ways behind two Everett TD passes and two Bell TD runs.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 11
Rams rolled to a 24–0 halftime lead and cruised behind two more TD passes from Everett. Robert Delpino had a 32-yd TD run as well.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 12
Saints were in control at the Superdome, leading 17–3 after 3. Everett, however, led the Rams back behind 454 passing yards, a record 336 of them receiving on 15 catches in a monster performance by Willie Anderson.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 13
Everett outdueled Dallas rookie Troy Aikman in a spirited performance by the 1–11 Cowboys. Both QB's had 4 TD's passing. Late in the game with the Rams leading 35-31 but Dallas driving; an attempt by Aikman to get the signal for the next play was mistaken for a timeout signal by umpire Art Demmas; costing the Cowboys their final timeout. Dallas advanced on the drive to the Los Angeles 10 yard line but couldn't stop the clock before time ran out.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 14
In a classic MNF performance, Joe Montana tossed three TD's, two of them for over 90 yards to John Taylor. Rams led 27-10 entering the final period when Montana hit Mike Wilson for a TD to cut it to 27-17. The Rams were driving to a TD when Everett fumbled a snap at the 49er 4, and on the very next play, Montana hit Taylor for a 96-yd TD to cut it to 27–23. The 49ers capped their amazing comeback a Roger Craig TD run after Ron Brown fumbled the ensuing kickoff.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 15
The Rams took out their frustrations on the Jets by rolling to a 28–7 halftime lead and cruising behind two passing TD's from Everett and two rushing TD's from Bell.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Game Summaries, Week 16
Bell ran for 210 yards and the winning score in the 4th as the Rams clinched a wild-card berth.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Playoffs, NFC Wild Card Game
Despite being underdogs on the road, the Rams took a 14–0 lead in the first quarter as Jim Everett connected for touchdowns to Henry Ellard and Damone Johnson. The Eagles offense, led by explosive quarterback Randall Cunningham, was held in check by Fritz Shurmur's zone defense which prevented Philadelphia from making big plays downfield. Still, the Eagles closed the gap to 14–7 in the fourth quarter on a touchdown run by Anthony Toney.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Playoffs, NFC Wild Card Game
But Rams running back Greg Bell broke off a 54-yard run down the left sideline down to the Eagles 10-yard-line, then finished off his 124-yard rushing day two plays later with his 27th carry going for seven yards and L.A.'s final touchdown. Los Angeles won in the wild card round for the first time since 1983.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Playoffs, NFC Divisional Playoff
Playing on the East Coast for the third time in as many weeks, the Rams faced off against the NFC East champions in a tough defensive battle. New York jumped to a 6–0 lead in the first quarter with two field goals by kicker Raul Allegre. But with 17 seconds left in the first half, Jim Everett found Flipper Anderson for a 20-yard touchdown reception that, with Mike Lansford's PAT, gave the Rams a 7–6 lead at the intermission. In the third quarter, the Giants retook the lead as running back Ottis Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Playoffs, NFC Divisional Playoff
But in the fourth period, Lansford made two field goals to tie the game, the second one coming with 3:01 left in regulation and eventually send the game into overtime. Receiving the kickoff, the Rams drove 78 yards, with a key pass interference call on Giants cornerback Sheldon White that gave Los Angeles a first down in Giants territory. Two plays later, Everett found Anderson for a 30-yard touchdown pass to end the game just 1:06 into the extra period. Rams receiver Henry Ellard had the best postseason performance of his career with 8 receptions for 125 yards, while Everett had 315 yards passing for the game.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Playoffs, NFC Championship Game
The Rams' season came to an end against the rival 49ers. Starting at midfield on its first possession, L.A. drove 44 yards in 10 plays, ending with a 23-yard field goal by Mike Lansford. On the ensuing San Francisco drive, linebacker Larry Kelm recovered a fumble by 49ers tight end Brent Jones, but the Rams drive stalled as Jim Everett twice attempted deep passes to Flipper Anderson which fell incomplete. L.A. was forced to punt the ball away, and never threatened to score again.


1989 Los Angeles Rams season, Playoffs, NFC Championship Game
The 49ers scored on three straight possessions in the second quarter and totaled 442 yards on offense and held the ball for 39:48 for the game. The Rams were held to only 26 yards rushing and Everett threw three interceptions in the loss, L.A.'s second appearance in the NFC Championship Game in five seasons.


1989 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1989 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on April 11, 1989. Incumbent Tom Bradley was re-elected.


1989 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 1989 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana Tech University as an I-A independent during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second year under head coach Joe Raymond Peace, the team compiled an 5–4–1 record.


1989 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1989 Louisville Cardinals football team represented the University of Louisville in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cardinals, led by fifth-year head coach Howard Schnellenberger, participated as independents and played their home games at Cardinal Stadium.


1989 Lufthansa Cup
The 1989 Lufthansa Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin, West Germany that was part of the Category 5 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and was held from 15 May until 21 May 1989. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title.


1989 Lufthansa Cup, Finals, Doubles
Elizabeth Smylie /  Janine Tremelling defeated  Lise Gregory /  Gretchen Magers 5–7, 6–3, 6–2


1989 Lufthansa Cup – Doubles
Isabelle Demongeot and Nathalie Tauziat were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Lise Gregory and Gretchen Magers.


1989 Lufthansa Cup – Doubles
Elizabeth Smylie and Janine Tremelling won in the final 5–7, 6–3, 6–2 against Gregory and Magers.


1989 Lufthansa Cup – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. The top four seeded teams received byes into the second round.


1989 Lufthansa Cup – Singles
Steffi Graf was the defending champion going into the final against her rival Gabriela Sabatini. Just the previous month, Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 in the final at Amelia Island, Florida. Now, in her native Germany, Steffi would turn the tables against Sabatini, beating her 6–3, 6–1. Prior to this match, Sabatini had played in four finals in 1989, with her winning twice. For Steffi, this victory was her seventh of the year, and marked the sixteenth time out of nineteen matches she had beaten Sabatini.


1989 Lufthansa Cup – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1989 Luxembourg general election
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 18 June 1989. The Christian Social People's Party remained the largest party, winning 22 of the 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. It continued the coalition government with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party.


1989 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1989 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 2–3 at a combination of on-campus gymnasiums and the Meadowlands Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. This was the first edition of the tournament.


1989 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament
Top-seeded La Salle defeated St. Peter's in the championship game, 71–58, to win their first MAAC men's basketball tournament.


1989 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The Explorers received an automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA Tournament as the #8 seed in the Southeast region.


1989 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
All eight of the conference's members participated in the tournament field. They were seeded based on regular season conference records.


1989 MAAC Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
First Round games were played at the home court of the higher-seeded team. All remaining games were played at a neutral site at the Meadowlands Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey.


1989 MAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1989 Mid-American Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place on March 9–12, 1989 at John F. Savage Hall in Toledo, Ohio. Ball State defeated Kent State, 67–65 in the championship game, to win its second MAC Tournament title.


1989 MAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The Cardinals earned an automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA Tournament as #9 seed in the Midwest region. In the round of 64, Ball State defeated Pittsburgh 68–64 to earn the first NCAA Tournament win in program history.


1989 MAC Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
All Nine conference members participated, with the top 7 teams receiving a bye to the quarterfinal round.


1989 MEAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1989 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place on March 3–5, 1989 at Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, North Carolina. South Carolina State defeated Florida A&M, 83–79 in the championship game, to win its first MEAC Tournament title.


1989 MEAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The Bulldogs earned an automatic bid to the 1997 NCAA Tournament as #15 seed in the East region.


1989 MEAC Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
Eight of nine conference members participated, with play beginning in the quarterfinal round. Teams were seeded based on their regular season conference record.


1989 MTV Video Music Awards
The 1989 MTV Video Music Awards aired live on September 6, 1989, honoring the best music videos from April 2, 1988, to June 1, 1989. The show was hosted by Arsenio Hall at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles.


1989 MTV Video Music Awards
This year four new "genre" categories (Best Heavy Metal Video, Best Rap Video, Best Dance Video, and Best Post-Modern Video) were added, alongside the International Viewer's Choice awards. Also, the award for Best Concept Video was retired this year, and the eligibility cutoff date was moved two months down from April to June, making this a 14-month eligibility year.


1989 MTV Video Music Awards
In terms of the awards, Madonna and Paula Abdul were the night's biggest winners with four awards each, while rock group Living Colour was the second biggest winner, taking home three moonmen that night. On the other hand, Michael Jackson was the most nominated artist of 1989, receiving nine nominations for two of his videos: six for "Leave Me Alone" and three for "Smooth Criminal", but only took home one award for Best Special Effects.


1989 MTV Video Music Awards
The award for Video of the Year, went to Neil Young's controversial video for "This Note's for You", making this the first time since The Cars' win in 1984 that an act takes home the main award without winning any other one. Unlike The Cars, though, Young's video did not have any other nominations that night except for Viewer's Choice, which until 1994 had exactly the same nominees as Video of the Year. The Viewer's Choice award, however, went to another video that also stirred up controversy: Madonna's "Like a Prayer."


1989 MTV Video Music Awards
The ceremony is notable for comedian Andrew Dice Clay's stand-up routine that included adult versions of Mother Goose nursery rhymes, leading MTV executives to ban him from ever appearing on the network again, and Def Leppard's performance of "Tear It Down" would be the last live appearance of guitarist Steve Clark before his death on Tuesday January 8, 1991.


1989 MTV Video Music Awards, Nominations, Best Rap Video
DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince – "Parents Just Don't Understand"


1989 MTV Video Music Awards, Nominations, Best Video from a Film
U2 with B.B. King – "When Love Comes to Town" (from Rattle and Hum)


1989 MTV Video Music Awards, Nominations, Best Special Effects in a Video
Michael Jackson – "Leave Me Alone" (Special Effects: Jim Blashfield)


1989 MTV Video Music Awards, Nominations, Best Art Direction in a Video
Madonna – "Express Yourself" (Art Directors: Holgar Gross and Vance Lorenzini)


1989 Macau Grand Prix
The 1989 Macau Grand Prix Formula Three was the 36th Macau Grand Prix race to be held on the streets of Macau on 26 November 1989. It was the sixth edition for Formula Three cars.


1989 Maccabiah Games
The 1989 13th Maccabiah Games brought 4,500 athletes to Israel from 45 nations.


1989 Maccabiah Games
Jewish athletes from Hungary participated for the first time since World War II, Jewish athletes from Russia had been permitted, by their country, to play for the first time.


1989 Maccabiah Games
Lithuania competed in first and second games, but had to stop because of occupation by Soviet Union. In 1989 Lithuania reentered the games and it was the first time after occupation when athletes from Lithuania participated under Lithuanian flag in competition recognized by IOC.


1989 Maccabiah Games, History
The Maccabiah Games were first held in 1932. In 1961, they were declared a "Regional Sports Event" by, and under the auspices and supervision of, the International Olympic Committee.


1989 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
American Olympian Ken Flax won the gold medal in the hammer throw with a 78.86 meter toss. American Olympian and world champion Joanna Zeiger competed in swimming and won a gold medal, a silver medal, and two bronze medals. American squash player Stephen L. Green competed, but could not repeat his 1985 bronze medal performance. Chris O'Loughlin won a silver medal in epee in fencing for the United States. Basketball player Jerry Simon, who later made aliyah and played professionally in Israel, won a silver medal with Team USA.


1989 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
Israeli Ron Kaplan won a gold medal in the gymnastics individual all-around competition. Argentine soccer player Esteban Becker won a silver medal. Israeli Lior Arditti won a gold medal with the Israeli basketball team.


1989 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
Israel won 97 golden medals, while United States finished second with 74 golds.


1989 Maccabiah Games, Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony was held at the Western Wall in Jerusalem for the first time.


1989 Magherafelt District Council election
Elections to Magherafelt District Council were held on 17 May 1989 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 15 councillors.


1989 Magherafelt District Council election, Districts results, Magherafelt Town
1985: 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin1989: 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin1985-1989 Change: No change


1989 Magherafelt District Council election, Districts results, Moyola
1985: 2 x DUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP1989: 2 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP1985-1989 Change: UUP gain from DUP


1989 Magherafelt District Council election, Districts results, Sperrin
1985: 2 x SDLP, 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP1989: 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP, 1 x Independent Nationalist1985-1989 Change: SDLP gain from Sinn Féin, Independent Nationalist leaves SDLP


1989 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1989 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1989 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their first and only season under head coach Tom Lichtenberg, the Black Bears compiled a 9–3 record (6–2 against conference opponents), tied for the Yankee Conference championship, and lost to Southwest Missouri State Bears football in the first round of the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship playoffs. Scott Hough and John Gibson were the team captains.


1989 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season
The 1989 season is the 3rd season of the league that began on January 7, 1989 and concluded with the championship game on April 7.


1989 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season, Team movement
1989 saw the MILL expand by two teams: the New England Blazers and the Detroit Turbos. The New Jersey Saints also moved to Long Island, New York, becoming the New York Saints.


1989 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season, Regular season
x: Clinched playoff berth; c: Clinched playoff berth by crossing over to another division; y: Clinched division; z: Clinched best regular season record; GP: Games PlayedW: Wins; L: Losses; GB: Games back; PCT: Win percentage; Home: Record at Home; Road: Record on the Road; GF: Goals scored; GA: Goals allowedDifferential: Difference between goals scored and allowed; GF/GP: Average number of goals scored per game; GA/GP: Average number of goals allowed per game


1989 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season, Statistics leaders
Bold numbers indicate new single-season records. Italics indicate tied single-season records.


1989 Major Indoor Soccer League All-Star Game
The 1989 Major Indoor Soccer League All-Star Game was the 10th playing of the league's mid-season game featuring the all-stars of the original Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). The game was held on February 22, 1989, at Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas, the home of the Dallas Sidekicks. Dallas had been chosen by the league to host the game in February 1987, beating out competing bids by Baltimore and San Diego.


1989 Major Indoor Soccer League All-Star Game
Because the MISL had contracted to just seven teams, the format of the game was changed from division versus division to the league's all-stars versus the hometown Dallas Sidekicks. To avoid a conflict of interest, the Sidekicks players were not allowed to participate in the selection of that season's all-star team. The game resulted in the MISL All-Stars defeating the Sidekicks 8-1.


1989 Major Indoor Soccer League All-Star Game
The Dallas Sidekicks were coached by Gordon Jago. The game was officiated by senior referee Esse Baharmast, referee Kelly Mock, and assistant referee Manuel Ortiz, Sr. The game's most valuable player was Preki of the Tacoma Stars. The official attendance for the game was announced as 10,435.


1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 60th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 11, 1989, at Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, California, the home of the California Angels of the American League. The game is noted for being the first in All-Star Game history to include the designated hitter. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 5-3. The game is remembered for Bo Jackson's monstrous lead-off home run to center field. Jackson was named the game's MVP. The game also featured former U.S. President and former baseball announcer Ronald Reagan sharing the NBC broadcast booth with Vin Scully for the first inning.


1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The pregame ceremonies featured Disney characters joining this year's players in sprinting onto the field for the introduction of the starting lineups. Mike Schmidt of the Philadelphia Phillies, who had retired on May 29, was still elected by the fans as the starting third baseman for the NL All-Star team. Schmidt decided not to play, but he did participate in the game's opening ceremony in uniform. Doc Severinsen later led The Tonight Show Band in the playing of the Canadian and U.S. national anthems. Severinsen and The Tonight Show Band's performance of the U.S. National Anthem was the last non-vocal performance of the Anthem at the All-Star Game to date. The ceremonial first pitch was thrown by longtime Angels coach Jimmie Reese.


1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
This was the second All-Star Game to be played in Anaheim, which last hosted the Midsummer Classic in 1967. It would return to the by-now renovated and renamed Angel Stadium of Anaheim in 2010.


1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters
Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.


1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game, Game summary
The NL got off to a fast start off Dave Stewart in the first on RBI singles by Kevin Mitchell and Howard Johnson. The AL would counter in spectacular fashion in their half when game MVP Bo Jackson golfed the second pitch by Rick Reuschel, a low sinker, out in deep center. Wade Boggs followed with a homer to tie it.


1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game, Game summary
The AL took the lead the very next inning when Jackson beat out a double play grounder, scoring Rubén Sierra. Jackson then stole second, making him the only player (to date) to have a home run and a stolen base in the same All-Star game. The AL expanded their lead to 5-2 in the third on RBI singles by Harold Baines and Sierra. The NL would get no closer than a run in the eighth when Von Hayes singled home Glenn Davis.


1989 Major League Baseball draft, First-round selections
The following are the first round picks in the 1989 Major League Baseball draft on June 5.


1989 Major League Baseball season
The 1989 Major League Baseball season saw the Oakland Athletics win their first World Series title since 1974.


1989 Malagasy parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Madagascar on 28 May 1989. Only parties affiliated with the AREMA-dominated National Front for the Defense of the Revolution were allowed to compete in the election, and AREMA won 120 of the 137 seats.


1989 Malagasy presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 12 March 1989. Incumbent President Didier Ratsiraka of AREMA won with over 60% of the vote. Voter turnout was 81.04%.


1989 Malawi earthquake
The 1989 Malawi earthquake occurred on 10 March in central Malawi, with a moment magnitude of 6.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). It was preceded by a number of foreshocks, the largest being a 5.7 Mw shock on the previous day. The earthquake was felt strongly throughout central Malawi, and also felt in parts of Mozambique (Niassa and Tete Provinces) and Zambia (Eastern Province). Nine people were killed, with many others injured or left homeless.


1989 Malawi earthquake, Damage and casualties
Nine people are known to have been killed as a result of the earthquake – six in Dedza, two in Salima, and one in Chitala. At least two of the deaths (one in Dedza and one in Chitala) were caused by roof collapses, in both cases occurring in houses with roofs built from blocks of baked clay (a non-standard method of construction). The total number of injuries from the earthquake has been estimated at 100, and the total number of people left homeless at about 50,000.


1989 Malawi earthquake, Damage and casualties
Urban areas were worst affected by the quake, as houses were more likely to be built of brick and thus more susceptible to cracking. The major building with the most visible damage was the Nanjoka Railway Station complex, which developed severe cracks in its walls and was subsequently abandoned. The Chitala Farm Institute, an agricultural school, was also heavily damaged. In rural areas, most dwellings were simple huts, built by pasting mud or clay onto timber frames. These were left mostly undamaged.


1989 Malawi earthquake, Geology
The 1989 Malawi earthquake was the result of a dip-slip fault in the Malawi rift system, part of the larger East African Rift. It is believed to have occurred at a depth of about 30 km (19 mi), with the lack of surface faulting being attributed to its occurrence at a relatively deep level.


1989 Malawi earthquake, Geology
The International Seismological Centre (ISC) placed the epicentre of the 1989 Malawi earthquake at , although the accuracy of their determination was affected by the lack of seismic stations in the area – the closest was 300 km (190 mi) away, and there were only two within 900 km (560 mi). It has been suggested that the margin of error for the epicentre is consequently around 20 km (12 mi).


1989 Malawi earthquake, Geology
The earthquake triggered landslides in the Manyani Hills, around 90 km (56 mi) east northeast of Kasungu. Slumping of 2 km (1.2 mi) in length and 1 km (0.62 mi) in width was observed, and attributed to heavy rainfall earlier in the year combined with deforestation-related soil exposure. There was also a large rock fall in the Chongomi Mountains of Dedza District, which resulted in hillside scarring. However, both of those areas were sparsely populated, and there were no reported casualties.


1989 Malawi earthquake, Aftermath
In the same month as the earthquake, Malawi was hit by a cyclone and suffered severe flooding. The combination of natural disasters left over 200,000 people homeless and led to the government appealing for international assistance. A field study conducted in October 1989 concluded that the March 1989 earthquake "should be treated as an eye opener, drawing attention to the potential of medium-size earthquakes hitting major cities in Malawi".


1989 Maldivian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Maldives on 24 November 1989. As there were no political parties at the time, all candidates ran as independents. Voter turnout was 68.7%.


1989 Manitoba municipal elections
The 1989 Manitoba municipal elections were held on October 25, 1989 to elect mayors, councillors and school trustees in various communities throughout Manitoba, Canada.


1989 Manitoba municipal elections, Rural Municipalities, Rockwood
Note:  The official results in the Winnipeg Free Press list Docking as the elected member for the third ward, and Thievin as the elected member for the fourth. Other sources, however, suggest that this was an error.


1989 Mantegazza Cup
The 1989 Mantegazza Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Taranto, Italy that was part of the Category 1 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 1 May until 7 May 1989. Unseeded Karine Quentrec won the singles title.


1989 Mantegazza Cup, Finals, Doubles
Sabrina Goleš /  Mercedes Paz defeated  Sophie Amiach /  Emmanuelle Derly 6–2, 6–2


1989 Mantegazza Cup – Doubles
Andrea Betzner and Claudia Porwik were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1989 Mantegazza Cup – Doubles
Sabrina Goleš and Mercedes Paz won in the final 6–2, 6–2 against Sophie Amiach and Emmanuelle Derly.


1989 Mantegazza Cup – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 Mantegazza Cup – Singles
Helen Kelesi was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1989 Mantegazza Cup – Singles
Karine Quentrec won in the final 6–3, 5–7, 6–3 against Cathy Caverzasio.


1989 Mantegazza Cup – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident
During the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the portrait of Mao Zedong at Tiananmen was defaced. At 2:00pm, May 23, 1989, three young protesters from Liuyang, Hunan, posted banners on the wall of the Tiananmen gate's passway. The slogans on the banners read, Time to End the Five Thousand Years of Autocracy (Chinese: 五千年专制到此可以告一段落！; pinyin: Wǔqiān nián zhuānzhì dào cǐ kěyǐ gào yīduànluò!) and Time to End the Cult of Personality (Chinese: 个人崇拜从今可以休矣; pinyin: Gèrén chóngbài cóng jīn kěyǐ xiū yǐ). Shortly after, they threw eggs filled with pigment to the Portrait of Mao Zedong on the Tiananmen Gate.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident
They were immediately caught by members of the Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation (Chinese: 北京高校学生自治联合会, abbr. 高自联). At 5:00pm, they were forced to appear in a press conference and admitted that their activities were totally irrelevant with the movement. At 7:00pm, they were handed to Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau. On a TV program broadcast the same day, members of the Movement claim that they had nothing to do with the three youths, and criticized them. At 10:00pm, the defaced portrait of Mao Zedong was taken down and replaced by a spare.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, The incident
The three's initial goal was to support the Beijing students. Upon their arrival in the city on May 19, they joined the students in the protest. But their ultimate aim was different from the students’. The students were mostly anti-corruption and sought reform of the party, while the three from Hunan sought to overthrow the Communist Party altogether and the installation of a democratic government. Yu Zhijian and Yu Dongyue had been sending their advice and proclamations to the student leaders, but they received no response.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, The incident
On May 22 the three began planning the defacement of Mao’s portrait after they saw no use talking to the students further. The next day, they bought twenty eggshells, filled them with paint, threw them at the portrait. After the vandalism, they were apprehended by the student security, and were taken to a tent for questions. The three were initially optimistic about meeting with the student leaders and telling them about the symbolic significance of their action. But the students feared that the three were government spies sent to discredit the protesters. The students, in an attempt to quickly distinguish themselves from the vandals, sent the three from Hunan to the police. After several days of interrogation, they appeared before the judge and received their respective sentences.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Original perpetrators in 1989, Yu Dongyue
Yu was a propaganda photographer in Liuyang and five years younger than his co-perpetrators Lu Decheng and Yu Zhijian. After the three were imprisoned, they were briefly reunited in the same prison. Yu Dongyue and Yu Zhijian urged Lu Decheng not to resist the party and to live on so that he can serve as the only one of the three to communicate with the outside world. Yu Dongyue was sentenced to 20 years in prison. He developed schizophrenia in 1992 while in prison, and was released on commutation of sentence in February 2006. He arrived in the United States in 2009 and obtained political asylum.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Original perpetrators in 1989, Lu Decheng
Lu was a high school graduate and mechanic in Liuyang. He often felt inferior to his two friends because of his lack of education. He described his father as cowardly and generally did not have a good relationship with him throughout his life. In his earlier years prior to the student protest of 1989, Lu eloped with his wife in order to escape government and societal pressure on unlawful marriage and pregnancy. Both of whom were below the legal marital age at the time. Their child was therefore considered illegitimate. Their first child died while the second survived.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Original perpetrators in 1989, Lu Decheng
Yu Zhijian and Lu were childhood friends. After Lu was sent to jail, he was seen by the party as the only one of the three who could be changed because he was less educated than his friends, for which he resisted. His wife eventually divorced him after years of faithfulness because of a misunderstanding between the two. Lu Decheng was sentenced to 16 years in jail, and released in 1998 on bail. After his release, he was approached by former student protesters, who would eventually help him escape China. He left China for Thailand in 2004, but was arrested by the local police for illegal immigration. He finally arrived in Canada on April 11, 2006, and obtained political asylum.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Original perpetrators in 1989, Yu Zhijian
Yu Zhijian was a teacher back in Hunan, he demonstrated on numerous occasions his dissatisfaction with the administration of the schools, for which he was transferred to the countryside and demoted. Upon their decision to throw eggs at the portrait, he and Yu Dongyue brought up the idea that their actions would be symbolic and would serve a greater purpose although they discussed other options: "We’d come all this way to Beijing, and we had to live up to our duty. Yu Dongyue was so upset and saddened that he proposed we self-immolate as a group.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Original perpetrators in 1989, Yu Zhijian
We came up with several plans. For example, we could stand on Gold Water Bridge, pour gasoline over ourselves and light it up. The effect was sure to be dramatic. But what goal were we trying to achieve?". After throwing eggs on Mao's portrait, Yu Zhijian was sentenced to life imprisonment, but was released in 2009 on bail. He eventually arrived in the United States in 2009 and obtained political asylum and settled in Indianopolis where he was also taking care of Yu Dongyue, who suffers from mental illness after torture in prison. He died on March 30, 2017 in Indianapolis worried "that his fervent gesture would fade from minds, and that the spectre of Mao would remain". The Economist published his obituary on June 8, 2017.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Post-1989 vandalism of the portrait
At least three other incidents have occurred since the three from Hunan threw egg at Mao's portrait.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Post-1989 vandalism of the portrait
The first one occurred in May 2007. The vandal's name was Gu Haiou, a 35-year-old unemployed man from Ürümqi, as reported by the official Xinhua news agency. Gu hurled a burning object at the portrait, causing partial damage. The Square was then sealed off to replace the portrait and security was tightened afterward. Neither the government nor the police gave any response to the incident and its perpetrator. It was known that Gu was detained by the police, but his current whereabouts are still unknown.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Post-1989 vandalism of the portrait
The second incident occurred in April 2010. The protester was only identified as Mr. Chen by the police, who came to Beijing from Heilongjiang to raise individual and human rights issues. At early afternoon on April 5, Mr. Chen threw a plastic bottle of ink at the portrait in resonance with the 1989 incident. He was later detained by the Beijing municipal police and his current status is unknown.


1989 Mao portrait vandalism incident, Post-1989 vandalism of the portrait
The third incident occurred on March 5, 2014. Protesters gathered on the square hoping to attract the attention of the annual National People’s Congress that began on March 5. Their goal was to petition the government about their grievances, though the details of their grievances were unknown. As part of the protest, an unidentified man aged around 30 threw ink on the lower left hand corner of the portrait. He was quickly detained by the police, and immediately afterward, the police had set up a 200-metre perimeter in an attempt to conceal what had taken place.


1989 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1989 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1989 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In its fourth season under head coach George Chaump, the team compiled a 6–5 record (4–3 against conference opponents) and played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.


1989 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
After the season concluded, George Chaump left Marshall to become the head coach at Navy.


1989 Maryland Commandos season
The 1989 Maryland Commandos season was the second season for the Commandos. They finished with a record of 0–4.


1989 Maryland Commandos season, Roster
Rookies in italics updated March 12, 201320 Active, 0 Inactive, 0 PS


1989 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 1989 Maryland Terrapins football team represented University of Maryland, College Park in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Terrapins offense scored 215 points while the defense allowed 238 points. Led by head coach Joe Krivak, the team finished the season unranked.


1989 Maryland Terrapins football team, 1989 NFL Draft
The following players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1989 Masters (snooker)
The 1989 Benson & Hedges Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 22 and 29 January 1989 at the Wembley Conference Centre in London, England. The prize money for the highest break was £6,000. The top 16 players were invited for the tournament.


1989 Masters (snooker)
Stephen Hendry won the Masters at his first attempt after joining the top 16 by defeating John Parrott 9–6 in the final. This was Hendry's first of his five consecutive Masters titles.


1989 Masters (snooker)
The tournament was rocked by scandal after the first round match between Silvino Francisco and Terry Griffiths on 23 January. After Griffiths beat Francisco 5–1, it was discovered that there had been heavy betting on that exact score. Both players were questioned. Francisco was arrested exactly a year later concerning the 1989 Masters and the 1986 Masters, where he lost 5–1 in the first round to Tony Knowles. In May 1990 he was cleared of involvement in the alleged betting coups.


1989 Masters (snooker), Field
Steve Davis, defending champion and World Champion was the number 1 seed. The remaining places were allocated to players based on the world rankings. Peter Francisco, Stephen Hendry and Cliff Wilson were making their debuts in the Masters.


1989 Masters Tournament
The 1989 Masters Tournament was the 53rd Masters Tournament, held April 6–9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.


1989 Masters Tournament
Nick Faldo won the first of his three Masters titles, the second of his six major championships. After a third round 77 (+5), he shot a final round 65 (−7) and won with a birdie on the second hole of a sudden-death playoff with Scott Hoch. The 1989 Masters is remembered for Hoch missing a two-foot (0.6 m) putt on the first playoff hole that would have won him the green jacket. Greg Norman continued his misfortunes at the Masters with a bogey on the 72nd hole to miss a playoff by a stroke, similar to 1986. Third round leader Ben Crenshaw also bogeyed the final hole to tie Norman for third.


1989 Masters Tournament
Faldo became the first man from England to win the Masters and was the second consecutive winner from the United Kingdom. Defending champion Sandy Lyle of Scotland missed the cut by two strokes, but made history at the champions' dinner on Tuesday by sporting a kilt and serving haggis.


1989 Masters Tournament, Field
Tommy Aaron, George Archer, Seve Ballesteros (3,9,12), Gay Brewer, Billy Casper, Charles Coody, Ben Crenshaw (9,10,13,14), Raymond Floyd (2,9), Doug Ford, Bernhard Langer (9), Sandy Lyle (3,13), Larry Mize (10,14), Jack Nicklaus (9), Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, Craig Stadler (9), Tom Watson (3,9), Fuzzy Zoeller (2,9,10)


1989 Masters Tournament, Field
Hubert Green (9), Larry Nelson (12,13,14), Jeff Sluman (12,13), Lee Trevino, Bob Tway (13)


1989 Masters Tournament, Field
Chip Beck (12,13), Mark Calcavecchia (12,13,14), Chen Tze-chung, Fred Couples (10,13), David Frost (12,13), Mark McCumber (13), Mark McNulty, Dan Pohl (10,11,13,14), Don Pooley, Nick Price, Doug Tewell, Lanny Wadkins (10,12,13,14)


1989 Masters Tournament, Field
Paul Azinger (11,13), Andy Bean (14), Bob Gilder (11), Mark O'Meara (12,13), Steve Pate (13), Payne Stewart (13,14), D. A. Weibring


1989 Masters Tournament, Field
Jim Benepe, Mark Brooks, Bill Glasson (13), Ken Green (13), Morris Hatalsky, Steve Jones, Gary Koch (13), Bruce Lietzke (13), Bob Lohr, Andrew Magee, Blaine McCallister, Jodie Mudd (13), Corey Pavin, Tom Purtzer, Mike Reid (13), Gene Sauers, Tom Sieckmann, Tim Simpson, Joey Sindelar (13), Mike Sullivan, Greg Twiggs, Scott Verplank


1989 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, First round
Lee Trevino, vying for an elusive Masters title, shot an opening round 67 to lead Nick Faldo by one shot. Only 10 players broke par on day one, including 1984 champion Ben Crenshaw and 1980 and 1983 champion Seve Ballesteros. Defending champion Sandy Lyle birdied 18 to shoot a disappointing 77.