1988 in British radio
This is a list of events in British radio during 1988.


1988 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1988.


1988 in Burma
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in the Union of Burma.


1988 in Canadian television
This is a list of Canadian television related events from 1988.


1988 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Cape Verde.


1988 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Chile.


1988 in China
The following lists events in the year 1988 in China.


1988 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1988.


1988 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1988.


1988 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1988 in Estonia.


1988 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1988.


1988 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 1988.


1988 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1988 in Iceland.


1988 in Iceland, Events
17 November – Linda Pétursdóttir is crowned Miss World at the Royal Albert Hall in London, UK.


1988 in India
Events in the year 1988 in the Republic of India.


1988 in Ireland, Sport
In fact both Galway in hurling and Meath in football made 2 in a row as All Ireland Champions neither team made it 3 in a row in 1989. It was a double 2 in a row for both football and hurling.


1988 in Irish television
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 1988.


1988 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1988 include:


1988 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1988 include:


1988 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1988 include:


1988 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1988.


1988 in Japan
Events in the year 1988 in Japan. It corresponds to Shōwa 63 (昭和63年) in the Japanese calendar.


1988 in LGBT rights
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 1988.


1988 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Laos.


1988 in Latin music
This is a list of notable events in Latin music (music from the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas of Latin America, Latin Europe, and the United States) that took place in 1988.


1988 in Latin music, Best-selling records, Best-selling albums
The following is a list of the top 5 best-selling Latin albums of 1988 in the United States divided into the categories of Latin pop, Regional Mexican, and Tropical/salsa, according to Billboard.


1988 in Latin music, Best-selling records, Best-performing songs
The following is a list of the top 10 best-performing Latin songs in the United States in 1988, according to Billboard.


1988 in Libya
The following lists events that happened in 1988 in Libya.


1988 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


1988 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1988, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians.


1988 in Michigan, Top Michigan news stories
The Associated Press (AP) selected the top stories in Michigan for 1988 as follows:


1988 in Michigan, Top Michigan news stories
The AP also selected the state's top sports stories as follows:


1988 in Michigan, Population
In the 1980 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 9,259,000 persons, ranking as the eighth most populous state in the country. By 1990, the state's population had grown only marginally by 0.4% to 9,259,000 persons.


1988 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 50,000 based on 1980 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1970 and 1990 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1988 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1980 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1970 and 1990 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1988 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in New Zealand.


1988 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
The 42nd New Zealand Parliament continued. The fourth Labour Party government was in power.


1988 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Radio and television
See : 1988 in New Zealand television, 1988 in television, List of TVNZ television programming, Category:Television in New Zealand, TV3 (New Zealand), Category:New Zealand television shows, Public broadcasting in New Zealand


1988 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1988 film awards, 1988 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1988 films


1988 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1988 in Norwegian music.


1988 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events effecting Philippine television in 1988. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.


1988 in Scottish television
This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1988.


1988 in Singapore
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Singapore.


1988 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in South Africa.


1988 in Spain
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Spain.


1988 in Sri Lanka
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Sri Lanka.


1988 in Swedish football
The 1988 season in Swedish football, starting January 1988 and ending December 1988.


1988 in Taiwan
Events from the year 1988 in Taiwan. This year is numbered Minguo 77 according to the official Republic of China calendar.


1988 in Thailand
The year 1988 was the 207th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 43nd year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2531 in the Buddhist Era.


1988 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1988 to Wales and its people.


1988 in Zaire
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in the Republic of Zaire.


1988 in Zaire, Sources
This year in Africa article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1988 in architecture
The year 1988 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1988 in association football
The following are the association football events of the year 1988 throughout the world.


1988 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1988  throughout the world.


1988 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 1988  throughout the world.


1988 in chess, Top players
Kasparov and Karpov remained the top two players in the world, positions that they had held since July 1982. Over the year, Dutch player Jan Timman and Alexander Beliavsky of the USSR moved up the list, whilst Andrei Sokolov from the USSR and Ljubomir Ljubojević of Yugoslavia moved down.


1988 in chess, Events, Grandmasters Association World Cup
The Grandmasters Association held six World Cup tournaments over 1988 and 1989, with some of the world's best players invited. The first three of these tournaments were held in 1988.


1988 in chess, Events, 28th Chess Olympiad
The 28th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki, Greece, was held between 12 November and 30 November. It was won by the USSR, ahead of England in second and the Netherlands in third.


1988 in chess, Events, 28th Chess Olympiad
The gold medal on the first board was won by Kasparov of USSR with 8½/10. Lajos Portisch of Hungary was second, also scoring 8½, but from 11 games.


1988 in chess, Events, 28th Chess Olympiad
The Women's Chess Olympiad was held alongside the open tournament. The winners were Hungary, ahead of the USSR and Yugoslavia.


1988 in chess, Titles awarded, Grandmaster
In 1989, FIDE awarded the Grandmaster title to the following 20 players:


1988 in chess, Titles awarded, Grandmaster
In addition George Koltanowski (born 1903) was awarded an honorary Grandmaster title in 1988.


1988 in comics
Notable events of 1988 in comics. See also List of years in comics.


1988 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1988.


1988 in film
The following is an overview of events in 1988 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths.


1988 in film, Highest-grossing films
The top 10 films released in 1988 by worldwide gross are as follows:


1988 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
The year 1988 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.


1988 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 1988. For video games, see 1988 in video gaming.


1988 in hammer throw
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by JJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs) at 20:55, 9 April 2020 (Moving Category:Years in hammer throwing to Category:Hammer throw by year per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1988 in hammer throw
This page lists the World Best Year Performances in the year 1988 in the Men's hammer throw. One of the main events during this season were the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, where the final of the men's competition was held on Monday September 26, 1988. Sergey Litvinov (URS) claimed the title, setting two Olympic records during the final round.


1988 in heavy metal music
This is an article about the events of heavy metal in the year 1988.


1988 in hip hop music
This article summarizes the events, album releases, and album release dates in hip hop music for the year 1988.


1988 in home video, Film home video releases
The following movies debuted on home video on the following dates:


1988 in home video, TV show releases
The following television shows were released on video on the following dates:


1988 in ice hockey
The following is a chronicle of events during the year 1988 in ice hockey.


1988 in ice hockey, Olympics
Hosted in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, the ice hockey at the 1998 Winter Olypmics event saw games contested at the Olympic Saddledome, Stampede Corral and Father David Bauer Olympic Arena. The Soviet Union won their seventh gold medal. Sweden defeated host country Canada for the bronze medal. Vladimir Krutov was the leading scorer.


1988 in ice hockey, International hockey
Nations that did not participate in the Calgary Olympics ice hockey tournament were invited to compete in the 1988 Thayer Tutt Trophy tournament. Held from March 20–27, 1988 in Eindhoven and Tilburg, Netherlands, Italy finished first, Japan finished second, and the Netherlands finished third.


1988 in jazz
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 63.143.205.78 (talk) at 17:40, 16 November 2019. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1988 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1988.


1988 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1988.


1988 in motoring
1988 in motoring includes developments in the automotive industry throughout the year 1988 by various automobile manufacturers, grouped by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles.


1988 in motoring, United Kingdom
The newly independent Leyland Bus company was acquired by Volvo Buses.


1988 in motoring, United Kingdom
The remaining Rover Group business, which by now was mainly volume car production, was sold by the British Government to British Aerospace.


1988 in motoring, United Kingdom
The newly privatised Rover Group plc abandoned the Austin marque for its Mini, Metro, Maestro, and Montego ranges. Each model became badged as a Rover, joining the existing 200 and 800 ranges. The 800 Series gained a fastback model in May, effectively replacing the already discontinued SD1.


1988 in motoring, United Kingdom
The MG badge continued for high performance Metro, Maestro and Montego variants, and there was an updated version of the Metro in the pipeline, along with a reintroduction of the Mini Cooper nameplate as the Mini's 30th anniversary approached, with no plans to discontinue the small car nearly a decade after the launch of the Metro which was intended as its replacement. A replacement for the Metro was expected by 1990.


1988 in motoring, United Kingdom
Vauxhall brought out a new Cavalier in October competing with the Ford Sierra and Peugeot 405. Engines ranged from a 1.4 to a 2.0L, with most models getting power steering and electric windows as optional or standard equipment. There was no estate model.


1988 in motoring, Germany
Volkswagen launched the Passat in March. The Passat was available as a saloon and estate, starting with 1.6 petrol engines as well as a 1.9 turbo-diesel. For the first time in the Passat's 15-year history, there was no hatchback version. Volkswagen's other major launch of 1988 was the Corrado, a coupe which was to replace the Scirocco. It was powered by a 2.0 petrol engine from the Passat saloon.


1988 in motoring, Germany
Audi launched a new Coupe, which ran alongside the original 1980 version. It used the same engines and transmission as the 80 saloon, with the option of Quattro four-wheel drive at the higher end of the range.


1988 in motoring, Italy
Winner of the year's Car of the Year award was the Fiat Tipo. A replacement for the older Strada, the Tipo was a tall five-door hatchback which offered more interior space for cars in the Ford Escort/Opel Kadett sector. It was powered by 1.4 and 1.6 engines in Britain and most other markets, as well as a 1.7 diesel. The home market also got a 1.1 version, plus the 1.8 and 2.0 versions. A saloon version was expected in 1989 as a replacement for the Strada-based Regata.


1988 in motoring, Japan
Toyota planned to launch their new Lexus brand. Its new brand would concentrate solely on luxury cars, and the LS 400 went on sale in 1989 to compete with the BMW 7 Series and Mercedes-Benz S-Class, powered by a 4.0 V8 engine.


1988 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1988 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1988 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1988 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1988.


1988 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1988.


1988 in music, Biggest hit singles, U.S. best selling singles
The following singles achieved the highest  in the U.S. in 1988.


1988 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1988.


1988 in paleontology, Arthropods, Insects
A dolichoderine ant, two species Z. horiibilis & Z. rapax


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named non-avian dinosaurs
Jr homonym of Protognathus Basilewsky renamed Protognathosaurus by Olshevsky, 1991


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
An Apodiformes, Jungornithidae Karkhu, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Palaeognathae Pycraft, 1900, Lithornithiformes Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Ralliformes, Messelornithidae Hesse, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
An Acanthisittidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Pelecaniformes, Plotopteridae Howard, 1969, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Gruiformes, Phorusrhacidae Ameghino, 1889, Psilopterinae Dolgopol de Saez, 1927.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Sulidae, now seen as a subspecies of Sula dactylatra Lesson, 1831, Sula dactylatra fullagari O’Brien et Davies, 1991 is its junior synonym, so tasmani is the correct name.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A basal Piciformes, Sylphornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
Described as a Rallidae, but transferred to the Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 by Mourer-Chauviré in 2000


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
Aves Incertae Sedis, perhaps a Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Caprimulgidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Graculavidae Fürbringer, 1888, A Forma Familia, Charadriiformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
A Pelecaniformes, Prophaethontidae Harrison et Walker, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.


1988 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1988 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1988 in poetry, Works published in English, United States, Poets appearing in The Best American Poetry 1988
The 75 poets included in The Best American Poetry 1988, edited by David Lehman, co-edited this year by John Ashbery:


1988 in poetry, Works published in other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1988 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1988 in professional wrestling
1988 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1988 in race walking
This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 1988 in both the men's and the women's race walking distances: 10 km, 20 km and 50 km (outdoor). The main event during this season were the Olympic Games in Seoul, South Korea.


1988 in radio
The year 1988 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting.


1988 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1988.


1988 in science
The year 1988 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.


1988 in sports
1988 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1988 in sumo
The following is a list of events in professional sumo in 1988. Six honbasho or official tournaments are held each year.


1988 in the Philippines
1988 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1988.


1988 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1988 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


1988 in the United Arab Emirates
Events from the year 1988 in the United Arab Emirates.


1988 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1988 in the United Kingdom. The year saw the merger in March of the SDP and the Liberals to form the Liberal Democrats. There were also two notable disasters this year: the Piper Alpha oil rig explosion and the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.


1988 in the United States
This is a list of events from the year 1988 in the United States.


1988 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1988. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


1988 in the sport of athletics
This article contains an overview of the year 1988 in athletics.


1988 in video games
1988 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Dragon Quest III, Super Contra, Super Mario Bros 2, Mega Man 2, Double Dragon II: The Revenge, and Super Mario Bros 3, as well as several new titles such as Assault, Altered Beast and RoboCop.


1988 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, Japan
In Japan, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1988, according to the annual Gamest and Game Machine charts.


1988 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, Hong Kong and United States
In Hong Kong and the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1988.


1988 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, United Kingdom
Operation Wolf was the top-earning arcade game of 1988 in the United Kingdom. The following titles were the top-grossing games on the monthly arcade charts in 1988.


1988 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games, Japan
The following titles were the top ten best-selling home video games of 1988 in Japan, according to the annual Family Computer Magazine (Famimaga) charts.


1988 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games, United Kingdom and United States
In the United States, the NES Action Set bundled with Super Mario Bros./Duck Hunt was the best-selling toy of 1988. The same year, Super Mario Bros. 2 became one of the best-selling cartridges of all time, Super Mario Bros. 2 and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link were the top-selling cartridges during the holiday season, and The Legend of Zelda and Mike Tyson's Punch-Out each crossed 2 million sales between 1987 and 1988.


1988 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games, United Kingdom and United States
The following titles were the top-selling home video games of each month in the United Kingdom and United States during 1988.


1988 in video games, Top-rated games, Famitsu Platinum Hall of Fame
The following 1988 video game releases entered Famitsu magazine's "Platinum Hall of Fame" for receiving Famitsu scores of at least 35 out of 40.


1988 reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada
The list below consists of the reasons delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of Canada during 1988. This list, however, does not include decisions on motions.


1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert
The 1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert was the expulsion of the ethnic Armenian population of Shusha and the ethnic Azerbaijani population of Stepanakert, in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast in the Azerbaijani SSR, Soviet Union, from September 18 to 20, 1988. During the violence, 33 Armenians and 16 Azerbaijanis were wounded, more than 30 houses hed been set on fire, and a 61-year-old Armenian was killed. At the end of the violence, 3,117 ethnic Azerbaijanis were forced to leave Stepanakert.


1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert
The events was one of the acts of ethnic violence in the context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, carried out along the demands of the Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh to secede from Azerbaijan and unify with Armenia.


1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert, Background
Throughout modern history the city of Shusha, known to Armenians as Shushi, mainly fostered a mixed Armenian–Azerbaijani population. Following the Shusha massacre in 1920, the Armenian population of the city was mostly killed or expelled, and the city reduced to a town with a dominant Azerbaijani population.


1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert, Background
Stepanakert, located in the Karabakh Plateau, was the capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), with an Armenian majority, and an Azerbaijani minority. According to the 1979 Soviet census, the city had a population of 38,980 people, mostly of Armenians, who constituted 87% of the total population, and more than four thousand Azerbaijanis.


1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert, Background
On March 1, Armenian refugees from Sumgayit arrived in Stepanakert, following the Sumgait pogrom. During the Summer-autumn of 1988 the wave of mutual violence in the NKAO grows. On September 18, 1988 a clash between Armenians and Azerbaijanis occurred near the Azerbaijani village of Khojaly (NKAO); several Armenians received gunshot wounds, one Armenian was killed. According to Thomas de Waal, "the violence heralded disaster for the minority communities of Karabakh's two main towns, as all the Armenians were driven from Shusha and the Azerbaijanis were expelled from Stepanakert". The exchange of populations took place as a result of clashes in Khojaly. In Stepanakert Armenians burned Azerbaijani houses, while in Shusha Azerbaijanis burned Armenian houses.


1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert, Background
Since May 1988 this was the first anti-Armenian violence in Shusha. Armenian population of Shusha were subjected to tension. A crowd of 600 people threatened to burn down houses of Armenians, destroyed their property.


1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert, Background
The expulsion of Azerbaijanis in Stepanakert also began on September 18, 1988, with 3,117 ethnic Azerbaijanis becoming refugees at the end of the month. The violence was accompanied by beatings and arson of houses. On September 21, the Soviet troops stationed in the city imposed a curfew to preserve the situation.


1988 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Fram won the championship. Valur's Sigurjón Kristjánsson was the top scorer with 13 goals.


1988-89 Biathlon World Cup - Overall Women
For each event, a first place gives 30 points, a 2nd place 26 pts, a 3rd place 24 pts, a 4th place 22 pts, then linearly decreasing by one point down to the 25th place. Equal placings (ties) give an equal number of points. The sum of all WC points of the season, minus the two worst results in each of the two disciplines, gives the biathlete's total WC score.


1988/89 South Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The 1988/89 South Australian Individual Speedway Championship was the 1988/89 version of the South Australian Individual Speedway Championship organised by the Speedway Riders Association of South Australia and sanctioned by Motorcycling Australia. The final took place on 23 December 1988 at the North Arm Speedway in Adelaide.


1988/89 South Australian Individual Speedway Championship
The title was won by defending champion Craig Hodgson who finished unbeaten on the night. Four times SA Champion Mark Fiora finished in second, beaten only by Hodgson in heat 19 while Shane Parker defeated Ashley Norton in a run-off for 3rd and 4th place after both had finished on 11 points.


1988/89 South Australian Individual Speedway Championship, 1988/89 South Australian Solo Championship, Classification
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify


1988–1989 North American drought
The 1988–1989 North American drought ranks among the worst episodes of drought in the United States. This multi-year drought began in most areas in 1988 and continued into 1989 and 1990 (in certain areas). The drought caused $60 billion in damage ($131 billion 2021 USD) in United States dollars, adjusting for inflation). The drought occasioned some of the worst blowing-dust events since 1977 or the 1930s in many locations in the Midwestern United States, including a protracted dust storm, which closed schools in South Dakota in late February 1988.


1988–1989 North American drought
During the spring, several weather stations set records for the lowest monthly total precipitation and the longest interval between measurable precipitation, for example, 55 days in a row without precipitation in Milwaukee. During the summer, two record-setting heatwaves developed, similar to those of 1934 and 1936. The concurrent heat waves killed 4,800 to 17,000 people in the United States. During the summer of 1988, the drought led to many wildfires in forested western North America, including the Yellowstone fires of 1988.


1988–1989 North American drought
At its peak, the drought covered 45% of the United States. While covering less area than the Dust Bowl, which covered 70% of the United States, the drought of 1988 ranks as not only the costliest drought in United States history but also one of the costliest natural disasters in United States history. In Canada, drought-related losses added to $1.8 billion (1988 Canadian dollars).


1988–1989 North American drought, Origin
The western United States experienced a lengthy drought in the late 1980s. Much of California experienced one of its longest droughts ever observed from late 1986 through late 1992. The situation worsened in 1988 as much of the United States also suffered from severe drought. In California, the six-year drought ended in late 1992 as a significant El Niño event in the Pacific Ocean (and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991) most likely caused unusually persistent heavy rains.


1988–1989 North American drought, Origin
Following a milder drought in the southeastern United States and California the previous year, the 1988–1989 drought affected the Mid-Atlantic states, the southeastern United States, the midwestern United States, the northern Great Plains, and the western United States. Heatwaves that accompanied the drought killed around 4,800 to 17,000 Americans as well as livestock across the United States. Cultivation of marginally arable land, as well as pumping groundwater to near depletion contributed to the damage from this event. The drought destroyed crops almost nationwide, lawns went brown, and many cities declared water restrictions.


1988–1989 North American drought, Origin
More than four inches (100 mm) of helpful rain was brought to parts of the Midwest in September 1988 by Hurricane Gilbert, which crossed Texas and Oklahoma as a tropical depression, weakening as it moved further north into Missouri, and spreading rain as far as the Great Lakes. In some areas Hurricane Gilbert overcame the drought outright, but other locations were at −6 or lower on the Palmer Drought Severity Index by early autumn 1988 and a general change in the pattern which had maintained for the preceding nine-plus months was required to ease the hydrological impacts of the drought. The agricultural damage was essentially done by this point, resulting in record prices for commodities.


1988–1989 North American drought, Origin
Wildfires in Yellowstone National Park burned 793,880 acres (3,213 km2) and created exceptional destruction in the area. For multiple reasons, the catastrophic drought continued across the Upper Midwest and northern Great Plains states during 1989, not officially ending until 1990. Dry conditions continued during 1989, affecting Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, eastern Nebraska, Kansas, and certain portions of Colorado. The drought also affected some parts of Canada.


1988–1989 North American drought, Origin
Beginning in the spring, a persistent wind pattern brought hot dry air into the middle of the continent from the desert southwest, whereas in most years advection of warm and humid air from the Gulf of Mexico is the rule; therefore, despite the extremely high temperatures, elevation of apparent temperature was not as severe as would be the case during the 1995 heat wave.


1988–1989 North American drought, Damage
The drought of 1988 ranks as the worst drought since the Dust Bowl, which occurred more than 50 years earlier. The damages in the United States as of 2008, adjusted for inflation, put damages from the drought between $80  billion and almost $120  billion. The state of Minnesota alone saw $1.2 billion in crop losses. The drought caused devastation comparable to that of Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In Canada, drought-related losses totalled $1.8 billion (in 1988 Canadian dollars).


1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
The 1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis was the largest financial crisis that occurred in Europe since the end of World War II within Norway.


1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis, Background
After major financial deregulation removing caps on lending rates, Norwegian banks began engaging in more risky credit operations and also resulted in a bank lending boom. This was followed by lower household investments. Bankers had no experience with competitive credit markets and requirements for on-site inspections were relaxed. In 1985 oil prices dropped significantly causing a Norwegian deficit and devaluation of the Krone. As public and private institutions began to consolidate their books, a recession began.


1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis, 1988-1990
At first smaller banks began to fail. Credit began to freeze between banks as the lending rate began to rise. There was a shortage of capital and several banks were in danger of closing. Due to sound efforts, most were saved through mergers with solvent banks. The Norwegian exchange rate had recovered credibility towards the end of the period and it was hoped the recession was over.


1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis, 1991-1992 Systemic Crisis
Despite the return to credible exchange rates, with the reunification of Germany, the turbulence in the foreign exchange market caused Norwegian interest rates to rise even greater than before. As the crisis expanded, several large banks lost all their equity capital and caused major market freeze-ups. Several banks were left insolvent and lending rates were enormous.


1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis, End of Recession
The government stepped in and began implementing measures to fix the situation. Loans from the central bank were made far below market value and capital was injected into the market. In addition, stricter requirements were placed on any suffering banks receiving capital injections. By 1992 Norway de-pegged its currency and allowed for interest rates to fall. GDP began to rise and loan losses fell over the next few years. By 1993 banks that had lost equity capital were able to regain some in markets.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions
From October 1988 to September 1994 the British government banned broadcasts of the voices of representatives from Sinn Féin and several Irish republican and loyalist groups on television and radio in the United Kingdom (UK). The restrictions, announced by the Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd, on 19 October 1988, covered eleven organisations based in Northern Ireland. The ban followed a heightened period of violence in the course of the Troubles (1960s to 1990s), and reflected the UK government's belief in a need to prevent Sinn Féin from using the media for political advantage.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions
Broadcasters quickly found ways around the ban, chiefly by using actors to dub the voices of banned speakers. The legislation did not apply during election campaigns and under certain other circumstances. The restrictions caused difficulties for British journalists who spoke out against censorship imposed by various other countries, such as by Iraq and India. The Republic of Ireland had its own similar legislation that banned anyone with links to paramilitary groups from the airwaves, but this restriction lapsed in January 1994. This added pressure on the British government to abandon its policy, and UK Prime Minister John Major lifted the broadcast ban on 16 September 1994, a fortnight after the first Provisional Irish Republican Army ceasefire (declared on 31 August 1994).


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Background
Throughout the Troubles, UK broadcasters were regularly required to stop or postpone the broadcast of documentaries and other programmes relating to Ireland. One of the most prominent instances of this was the 1985 Real Lives documentary for the BBC, At the Edge of the Union. The programme featured extensive footage of Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness and the Democratic Unionist Party's Gregory Campbell discussing the Troubles, and following direct intervention by the government it was temporarily blocked from being aired. The incident led to a one-day strike by members of the National Union of Journalists, who walked out in protest that the BBC's independence was being undermined.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Background
The months leading up to the introduction of the ban had also seen a particularly intense period of Troubles-related violence. One of the bloodiest episodes of that time was the Ballygawley bus bombing which resulted in the deaths of several British soldiers. Another incident, the killing of two off-duty British soldiers who drove into an IRA funeral procession, brought the media into conflict with the government after journalists present at the funeral declined a Royal Ulster Constabulary request to hand over footage of the incident amid concerns doing so would put them at risk.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Background
In response the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, told the House of Commons journalists had a "bounden duty" to assist with the investigation. "Either one is on the side of justice in these matters or one is on the side of terrorism". Film was subsequently seized from the BBC and ITN under the Prevention of Terrorism and Emergency Provisions Acts.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Background
The Conservative government believed there was a need for it to act to prevent Sinn Féin from using the media to defend the actions of the IRA, and the measures were part of a wider government response to the increase in violence, which also included changes to the right to silence and the tightening of rules allowing paramilitary prisoners early release. Further controversy also erupted in September 1988 over an intended edition of the Channel 4 discussion programme After Dark which was to have featured the Sinn Féin president, Gerry Adams, as a guest. The show was dropped after the conservative academic Paul Wilkinson – a professor at Aberdeen University who specialised in the study of terrorism and political violence – voiced  strong objections to its transmission.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, The ban
On 19 October 1988, the Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd, issued a notice under clause 13(4) of the BBC Licence and Agreement to the BBC and under section 29(3) of the Broadcasting Act 1981 to the Independent Broadcasting Authority prohibiting the broadcast of direct statements by representatives or supporters of eleven Irish political and military organisations. The ban prevented the UK news media from broadcasting the voices, though not the words, of ten Irish republican and Ulster loyalist paramilitary groups, as well as Sinn Féin.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, The ban
Among the other groups affected were the Provisional IRA, Irish National Liberation Army, Ulster Defence Association and the Ulster Volunteer Force, although the ban was targeted primarily at Sinn Féin. Addressing the House of Commons on the ban, Hurd said, "the terrorists themselves draw support and sustenance from access to radio and television ... the time has come to deny this easy platform to those who use it to propagate terrorism", while the Conservative Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, said it would "deny terrorists the oxygen of publicity".


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, The ban
The 1981 Act allowed the Home Secretary to introduce measures in the event of a public interest issue. A parliamentary debate was not required, though Hurd acquiesced to one, and the issue was discussed in the House of Commons on 2 November 1988. The opposition Labour Party introduced an amendment condemning the government's decision as "incompatible with a free society", but it was rejected, despite some Conservative MPs voting with Labour. The legislation was condemned by the National Council for Civil Liberties.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, The ban
The National Union of Journalists planned a one-day strike in protest at the ban for 10 November, but the action was called off after its members failed to reach consensus. A group of broadcast journalists subsequently launched a legal challenge to overturn the ban, but in May 1989 the High Court decided the Home Secretary had acted lawfully. A later hearing at the Appeal Court upheld that decision in December 1989.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, The ban
Hurd's belief was that the ban would place the print and broadcast media on a level footing, but opponents of the restrictions argued they were affecting the quality of news reporting from Northern Ireland, and consequently people's understanding of the issues. The broadcaster Scarlett McGwire, one of those to challenge the regulations, said in 1989, "The case is not just about journalists and being able to report Northern Ireland properly. It is about people not being able to understand what is happening there because it is not reported properly". Marmaduke Hussey, Chairman of the BBC, called the ban a "very dangerous precedent". A petition organised by the Campaign for Press and Broadcasting Freedom, and including the signatures of 50 MPs, was presented at 10 Downing Street on the first anniversary of its commencement.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
Media outlets were usually left to interpret the restrictions in their own way, and the ban's remit was at first applied retroactively to archive material, though this was later relaxed following government advice. In 2005 John Birt, a former Director-General of the BBC, said Hurd's announcement came "right out of the blue", while Danny Morrison, who in 1988 was director of publicity for Sinn Féin, spoke of the total confusion that resulted.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
"I asked television and radio journalists, 'what can be done?'" Subtitling was initially used, but one of the main ways the new law was circumvented was by substituting the voices of actors for those who could not speak directly. The BBC and its commercial counterparts compiled a list of actors who could be called upon to record voiceovers for news items and documentaries about the Troubles, often at short notice. The actors frequently spoke the words in real time along with the person whose voice was being dubbed. One such interview with Gerry Adams once appeared on the US CNN network without anyone realising they were hearing an actor speak.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
The restrictions were also applied to television drama, documentary and discussion programmes. In December 1988 the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Tom King, ordered Channel 4 to cancel an episode of the US drama series Lou Grant that featured the story of a fictional IRA gunrunner, even though it had aired previously. Mother Ireland, a 1988 documentary about women and Irish nationalism that included an interview with Mairéad Farrell, subsequently shot dead during an SAS operation in Gibraltar, was also initially banned.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
When screened by Channel 4 during a season about censorship in April 1991, Farrell's words on republicanism were re-dubbed. On a later occasion the appearance of the political activist Bernadette Devlin McAliskey on an edition of the BBC's Nation discussing reasons for political violence was also censored when much of what she said was subtitled.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
County Sound, a radio station in Surrey, dropped an interview with Errol Smalley, a campaigner for the Guildford Four, although he made a later appearance after overturning the decision. In November 1988 "Streets of Sorrow/Birmingham Six" – a song by The Pogues expressing support for the Birmingham Six and Guildford Four – was subject to the regulations because it included "general disagreement with the way in which the British government responds to, and the courts deal with, the terrorist threat in the UK".


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
However, the ban was not always enforced. Restrictions were briefly lifted during the 1992 general election, allowing a political debate between the Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams and the Social Democratic and Labour Party leader John Hume to be heard during the election campaign, but the ban resumed once the polls were closed, even preventing Adams' reaction to the loss of his parliamentary seat from being directly aired. An individual's real voice could also be broadcast if the news item in question did not directly relate to their political beliefs or paramilitary activities.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
Similarly, anyone subject to the restrictions who was an eyewitness to an event or incident could be heard. In February 1992, the voice of Gerard McGuigan, a Sinn Féin councillor, was broadcast when he spoke about an attack on his house by the Ulster Defence Association. Adams was also allowed to speak about a similar attack against his property.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Implementation
On another occasion, the journalist Peter Taylor was given access to inmates at the Maze Prison for a documentary about the jail, but while the prisoners were allowed to speak freely about their personal lives, a complaint by the IRA prisoners' food spokesman concerning the size of the prison's sausage rolls had to be revoiced. In 2005, Francis Welch, a television producer, described the incident as one that highlighted "the surreal nature of the restrictions".


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Lifting of regulations
Thatcher's successor as Prime Minister, John Major, announced a review of the regulations in November 1993, telling the House of Commons that the general belief within the Conservative Party was that interviews with those subject to the restrictions were being stretched "to the limit and perhaps beyond". His decision followed a television interview with Gerry Adams, which a Conservative MP, Jill Knight, described as having caused "offence to a great number of people".


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Lifting of regulations
Conservative backbenchers and unionist MPs wanted more rigid restrictions, and The Irish Times reported a "widespread feeling" that Major favoured a complete ban, but that journalists were opposed to this. It quoted the BBC's John Simpson, who said that reporting events from Northern Ireland would become "virtually impossible". At that time coverage of Northern Ireland-related topics was becoming more frequent with the increasing pace of the peace process. The review was conducted by the Secretary of State for Heritage, Peter Brooke. In February 1994, Major's government decided to maintain the status quo.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Lifting of regulations
Pressure to reverse the restrictions grew after the statutory instruments of Section 31 of the Irish government's Broadcasting Authority Act 1960 were allowed to lapse in January 1994. These had prohibited radio and television interviews with representatives of paramilitary groups and Sinn Féin. From that point, anyone in Northern Ireland with access to the Republic of Ireland's state broadcaster, RTÉ, could hear the voices of anyone still banned from the airwaves by the UK regulations.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Lifting of regulations
Responding to the Dublin government's decision, Gerry Adams said, "Over 20 years of political censorship has served to stunt any hopes of a resolution of the conflict. It has denied the right of information. Good riddance." The regulations particularly came under the spotlight during a visit Adams made to the United States in 1994, where he gave a speech that was widely broadcast around the world, but had to be dubbed in the UK because of the ban.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Lifting of regulations
In May 1994 the National Union of Journalists launched a legal challenge with the European Commission of Human Rights, seeking to take the British government to court for breach of freedom of expression under the European Convention of Human Rights, but the case was rejected. A similar challenge brought against the Irish government in 1991 over its broadcast ban had also been thrown out.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Lifting of regulations
The UK ban was lifted on 16 September 1994, a fortnight after the first IRA ceasefire was declared. On the same day Major announced that ten roads linking Northern Ireland with the Republic (which had been closed by British security forces) would reopen, and promised any negotiated deal on the future of Northern Ireland's governance would be subject to a referendum. The deputy leader of Sinn Féin, Martin McGuinness, gave his first direct interview to Ulster Television shortly after the restrictions ceased.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Lifting of regulations
The decision to end the ban was welcomed by broadcasters. Michael Grade, who was then chief executive of Channel 4, said it had ended "one of the most embarrassing attempts to censor coverage of the most important domestic political story of post-war years", while John Birt commented, "We can once again apply normal and testing scrutiny to all sides in the debate". Sinn Féin also signalled their approval, but the ban's lifting was viewed with more caution by unionist politicians. Peter Robinson of the Democratic Unionist Party felt the decision was premature while the IRA remained an armed organisation. "It gives de facto recognition to a body of men who still have their guns and bombs under the table, who still reserve the right to murder if they don't get their way".


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Analysis
Francis Welch, the producer of Speak No Evil, a 2005 BBC documentary that discusses the restrictions, argued that the legislation "added pressure to the process of reporting events in Northern Ireland", while Sinn Féin's Danny Morrison believed the ban "was a weapon of war used by the government" in an attempt to silence the Republican movement. However, Norman Tebbit, a former Conservative MP, said that the media was giving Sinn Féin and the IRA "publicity that they shouldn't have had". Peter Robinson of the Democratic Unionist Party argued the use of legislation was "a legitimate weapon for the state to use".


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Analysis
In 1994 Tony Hall, the head of the BBC's News and Current Affairs, argued that the restrictions did not allow viewers to make a proper judgment about those subject to the rules, as the subtle changes to their voices could not be heard. In particular he cited the example of the appearance of Gerry Adams on the BBC's On the Record in September 1993, in which he spoke about the prospect of peace in Northern Ireland.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Analysis
Hall said Adams was nervous and defensive throughout the interview as the presenter, Sheena McDonald, argued that peace could not be achieved while the IRA continued its violent stance, but that viewers were unaware of these aspects of the discussion. He also said that some countries, such as India and Egypt, had quoted the restrictions to BBC journalists who complained about the over use of censorship by authorities in those countries. Additionally Hall argued that Sinn Féin and the IRA had manipulated the ban by using it as an excuse to decline interviews.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Analysis
The BBC Foreign Affairs Editor John Simpson encountered similar difficulties on the issue of censorship while reporting from Iraq during the Gulf War in 1990–91. "When I worked in Baghdad, officials there always used to mention our Sinn Féin ban if you criticised their censorship. I don't like to see this country appearing on the same side of the dividing line as Saddam Hussein on anything at all." At a conference on the reporting of Northern Ireland-related issues at the University of London in November 1993, chaired by the Irish journalist Mary Holland, several participants claimed it was undermining the practice of investigative reporting.


1988–1994 British broadcasting voice restrictions, Analysis
Research by the Glasgow Media Group indicates that coverage of Sinn Féin by the BBC before the ban was minimal. In 1988 Sinn Féin was only heard or seen on television 93 times, had only 17 of the 633 formal BBC interviews as compared to 121 interviews with the Conservative Party and 172 with the Royal Ulster Constabulary and the civil service, and were never interviewed in the studio like many other participants. However, after the ban there was a steep decline in coverage of Sinn Féin and Republican views, with television appearances being reduced to 34 times in the following year, and the delays and uncertainties caused by ambiguities, voice-overs and subtitles often led to coverage and films being dropped entirely.


1988–89 1. Slovenská národná hokejová liga season
The 1988–89 1. Slovenská národná hokejová liga season was the 20th season of the 1. Slovenská národná hokejová liga, the second level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia alongside the 1. Česká národní hokejová liga. 12 teams participated in the league, and Partizán Liptovský Mikuláš won the championship. ZŤS Martin and ZVL Skalica relegated.


1988–89 1.Lig, Overview
It was contested by 20 teams, and Fenerbahçe S.K. won the championship.


1988–89 1.Lig, Overview
On 20 January 1989, while traveling to Malatya to face Malatyaspor, Samsunspor were involved in a  bus accident that killed three of their players and left seven others seriously injured. In addition, two coaches, manager Nuri Asan, and the team's bus driver were also killed in the accident.


1988–89 1.Lig, Overview
Due to the tragedy, Samsunpor were left unable to field a team for their remaining 18 matches, which were scratched and awarded 3-0 to Samsunspor's opponents, while Samsunspor were reprieved from relegation at the end of the season.


1988–89 2. Bundesliga
The 1988–89 2. Bundesliga season was the fifteenth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system.


1988–89 2. Bundesliga
Fortuna Düsseldorf and FC Homburg were promoted to the Bundesliga while Kickers Offenbach, Viktoria Aschaffenburg, 1. FSV Mainz 05 and Union Solingen were relegated to the Oberliga.


1988–89 2. Bundesliga, League table
For the 1988–89 season Eintracht Braunschweig, Hertha BSC, Viktoria Aschaffenburg and 1. FSV Mainz 05 were newly promoted to the 2. Bundesliga from the Oberliga while FC Schalke 04 and FC Homburg had been relegated to the league from the Bundesliga.


1988–89 A Group
The 1988–89 season was the 41st completed season of the Bulgarian A Group. The campaign was won by CSKA Sofia, ten points ahead of Levski Sofia. Spartak Varna and Minyor Pernik were relegated.


1988–89 A.C. Fiorentina season
A.C. Fiorentina finished in the midfield of Serie A, beating Roma 1-0 in a playoff match due to a goal by ex-Roma player Roberto Pruzzo. The season also marked the international breakthrough of Roberto Baggio, the striker scoring 15 league goals, also setting up several of Stefano Borgonovo's 14.


1988–89 A.C. Fiorentina season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1988–89 A.C. Milan season
A.C. Milan won the European Cup thanks to a 4–0 victory against Steaua București, with Dutch duo Ruud Gullit and Marco van Basten scoring twice each. It did not defend its Serie A title however, finishing 3rd in the standings. Milan also won the first Supercoppa Italiana, beating Sampdoria in the inaugural contest.


1988–89 A.C. Milan season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1988–89 A.S. Roma season
Associazione Sportiva Roma finished 7th in Serie A, dropping four places from the season before, even firing coach Nils Liedholm for just a few weeks. It also crashed out of the UEFA Cup against comparatively minnows Dynamo Dresden in the Last 16.


1988–89 ACB season
The 1988–89 ACB season was the 6th season of the Liga ACB, after changing its name. The number of teams increased from 16 to 24. The format also changed. The 24 teams were divided into two groups of 12. After playing a league, 24 teams were divided into three groups of eight teams each. The first six of the white group and the champions of the red and blue groups played for the title.


1988–89 ACB season
FC Barcelona won their third ACB title, and their 6th overall. It was their third ACB title in a row.


1988–89 ACB season, Team Standings, Playoffs, Qualification Games
(I-1) Clesa Ferrol vs. (II-3) Pamesa ValenciaClesa Ferrol win the series 3-0 and qualified to play in the A-1 the next season


1988–89 ACB season, Team Standings, Playoffs, Qualification Games
(I-2) Magia de Huesca vs. (III-3) BBV Villalba BBV Villalba win the series 3-2 and qualified to play in the A-1 the next season


1988–89 ACB season, Team Standings, Playoffs, Qualification Games
(III-1) Estudiantes Bose vs. (II-2) Mayoral MaristasEstudiantes Bose win the series 3-0 and qualified to play in the A-1 the next season


1988–89 ACB season, Team Standings, Playoffs, Qualification Games
(II-1) Cajabilbao vs. (III-2) Puleva Baloncesto Granada Cajabilbao win the series 3-2 and qualified to play in the A-1 the next season


1988–89 AEK Athens F.C. season
For the 1988-89 season, AEK F.C. competed in the Greek League, the Greek Cup and in the UEFA Cup.


1988–89 AEK Athens F.C. season, Players, Squad information
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1988–89 AHL season
The 1988–89 AHL season was the 53rd season of the American Hockey League. Fourteen teams played 80 games each in the schedule. The league abandoned awarding points for an overtime loss. The Sherbrooke Canadiens finished first overall in the regular season. The Adirondack Red Wings won their third Calder Cup championship.


1988–89 AHL season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;


1988–89 AHL season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1988–89 Aberdeen F.C. season
Aberdeen F.C. competed in the Scottish Premier Division, Scottish League Cup, Scottish Cup and UEFA Cup in season 1988–89.


1988–89 Aberdeen F.C. season, Overview
Aberdeen began the season under new management. Alex Smith and Jocky Scott were appointed as co-managers after the resignation of Ian Porterfield during the summer. New signings included Paul Mason and Theo Snelders from FC Groningen and FC Twente respectively.


1988–89 Aberdeen F.C. season, Overview
Aberdeen finished second in the League behind Rangers, and reached the final of the League Cup, which they lost to Rangers after extra time. In the Scottish Cup, they lost in the fourth round to Dundee United, and in Europe, they lost to East German club Dynamo Dresden in the first round of the UEFA Cup.


1988–89 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team represented the University of Alabama in the 1988-89 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Wimp Sanderson, who was in his ninth season at Alabama. The team played their home games at Coleman Coliseum in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of 23–8, 12–6 in conference, good for second behind Florida.


1988–89 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
It was a strong off-season of signings for the Crimson Tide. Freshmen signees Marcus Webb and Robert Horry and junior college transfer David Benoit joined holdovers Keith Askins, Melvin Cheatum, Alvin Lee, and Michael Ansley.


1988–89 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The Tide won the 1989 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament, beating Florida in the final and earning an automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. However, they were upset in the first round by South Alabama in the first ever meeting in history between the two Alabama-based schools.


1988–89 Albanian Cup
1988–89 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the thirty-seventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on August 1988 with the First Round and ended on May 1989 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1989-90 first round of the UEFA Cup. KS Flamurtari were the defending champions, having won their second Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.


1988–89 Albanian Cup
The first round was played in a single round-robin matches within 4 qualifying groups. The other rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.


1988–89 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals
In this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.


1988–89 Albanian Cup, Semifinals
In this round entered the four winners from the previous round.


1988–89 Albanian National Championship
The 1988–89 Albanian National Championship was the 50th season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.


1988–89 Albanian National Championship, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and 17 Nëntori won the championship.


1988–89 Albanian National Championship, Final phase, Relegation round
Note: '17 Nëntori' is Tirana, 'Labinoti' is Elbasani, 'Lokomotiva Durrës' is Teuta, 'Traktori' is Lushnja


1988–89 Algerian Championnat National
The 1988–89 Algerian Championnat National was the 27th season of the Algerian Championnat National since its establishment in 1962. A total of 16 teams contested the league, with Mouloudia d'Oran as the defending champions, The Championnat started on September 22, 1988. and ended on June 1, 1989.


1988–89 Algerian Cup
The 1988–89 Algerian Cup is the 27th edition of the Algerian Cup. USM Alger are the defending champions, having beaten CR Belcourt 5–4 on penalties in the previous season's final.


1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 19th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.


1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
St. Mary's Burren entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clann na nGael in the All-Ireland semi-final.


1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
On 17 March 1989, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 1-13 to 1-03 defeat of Clann na nGael in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their fifth championship title overall and their first title since 1984.


1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 19th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship began on 25 September 1988 and ended on 17 March 1989.


1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
Midleton were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after losing in the Cork Senior Hurling Championship.


1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1989, Buffer's Alley won the championship following a 2-12 to 0-12 defeat of O'Donovan Rossa in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.


1988–89 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1988–89 Allsvenskan was the 55th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 12 teams competed in the league. HK Drott won the regular season but Redbergslids IK won the playoffs and claimed their 12th Swedish title. GF Kroppskultur, IFK Malmö and IFK Karlskrona were relegated.


1988–89 Alpha Ethniki
The 1988–89 Alpha Ethniki was the 53rd season of the highest football league of Greece. The season began on 11 September 1988 and ended on 21 May 1989. AEK Athens won their eighth Greek title and their first one in ten years.


1988–89 Alpha Ethniki
The point system was: Win: 2 points - Draw: 1 point.


1988–89 American Indoor Soccer Association season
Statistics of the American Indoor Soccer Association in season 1988–89.


1988–89 American Indoor Soccer Association season, Overview
In the offseason, the league announced new scoring rules with goals being worth either 1, 2, or 3 points based on distance and/or game situation. Before the season, teams were added in Chicago and Hershey. During the season, the league took control of the Memphis Storm team on December 18 because the ownership had financial issues. After the season, the league announced that an expansion team based in Atlanta would join for 1989–90 season.


1988–89 American Indoor Soccer Association season, AISA League Leaders, Scoring
GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points


1988–89 American Indoor Soccer Association season, AISA League Leaders, Goalkeeping
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; Sho = Shots faced; Svs = Saves; PA = Points against; PAA = Points against average; W = Wins; L = Losses


1988–89 Argentine Primera División
The 1988–89 Argentine Primera División was the 98th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season ran from September 11, 1988 to May 28, 1989.


1988–89 Argentine Primera División
This tournament introduced the use of penalty shootouts to resolve tie games. Due to lack of interest, it was discontinued for the following season.


1988–89 Argentine Primera División
This championships served as qualification for both Copa Libertadores editions, 1989 and 1990 (in the last case, through a "Liguilla", contested by clubs placed 2nd to 7th plus Chaco for Ever (Primera B Nacional champion) and Platense (winner of the 1987 Liguilla).


1988–89 Argentine Primera División
Independiente won the championship (14th league title) while San Martín (T) and Deportivo Armenio were relegated. River Plate won the Liguilla pre-Libertadores, qualifying to the 1990 edition.


1988–89 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team represented the University of Arizona. The head coach was Lute Olson. The team played its home games in the McKale Center in Tucson, Arizona, and was a member of the Pacific-10 Conference. In the Pac-10 Basketball Tournament, Arizona beat Stanford by a score of 73–51 to claim its second consecutive Pac-10 title.


1988–89 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas as a member of the Southwest Conference during the 1988–89 college basketball season. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Nolan Richardson, and played its home games in Barnhill Arena in Fayetteville, Arkansas. This Razorbacks team won the first of three straight SWC regular season and conference tournament championships before moving to the Southeastern Conference for the 1991-92 season. After earning the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament, Arkansas defeated Loyola Marymount in the opening round before losing to Louisville in the second round.


1988–89 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team, Roster
A very strong recruiting class, highlighted by 1988 McDonald's All-Americans Todd Day and Lee Mayberry, and that included Oliver Miller, formed the team's nucleus.


1988–89 Arkansas–Little Rock Trojans men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Arkansas–Little Rock Trojans men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas at Little Rock during the 1988–89 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Trojans, led by head coach Mike Newell, played their home games at Barton Coliseum and were members of the Trans America Athletic Conference. They finished the season with a record of 23–8, 14–4 in TAAC play. They won the 1989 TAAC Men's Basketball Tournament to earn an automatic bid in the 1989 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. They lost in the first round to Louisville, 76–71.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season
The 1988–89 season was the 94th in the history of Arsenal Football Club. It began on 1 July 1988 and concluded on 30 June 1989, with competitive matches played between August and May. The club ended its 18-year wait for the league title by winning the Football League First Division championship in the most closely fought title race in the competition's history. Arsenal beat Liverpool 2–0 in the final match of the season to take the title on goals scored, as both clubs shared the same points total and goal difference. During the season Arsenal also enjoyed success in the Football League Centenary Trophy, but exited the League Cup to Liverpool in the third round and fell at the same stage of the FA Cup to West Ham United.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season
Earlier in the year manager George Graham had started to assemble a squad with a blend of youth and experience. Having already signed defenders Steve Bould and Lee Dixon, he set about trimming the squad letting Steve Williams and Kenny Sansom leave. Arsenal were not considered favourites for the league title at the start of the season, but a 5–1 win away at Wimbledon on the opening day led to talk over their chances. They continued their fine start to the campaign, particularly away from home and led the table from the Christmas period.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season
At one stage Arsenal were 11 points clear of Liverpool, but a series of draws and surprising defeats allowed the gap to be closed. By the time Arsenal faced Liverpool on the final day, they were faced with an improbable challenge – winning by a two-goal margin against the defending champions to claim the title. Graham's cautious approach paid dividends as Arsenal led after the break, and deep into stoppage time midfielder Michael Thomas scored the all-important second goal.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season
17 different players represented Arsenal in four competitions and there were 14 different goalscorers. Arsenal's top goalscorer was Alan Smith, who scored 25 goals in 46 appearances. Smith and David Rocastle were the only Arsenal representatives in the PFA Team of the Year. Forward Paul Merson was named the PFA Young Player of the Year, an award voted for by his fellow peers. Once the league season finished, Arsenal players and staff paraded the trophy before a crowd of 250,000 on their way to a civic reception.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Background
In May 1986, George Graham was appointed as Arsenal manager. He made an instant impact, guiding his team to League Cup success, and the club finished fourth in the Football League First Division. Arsenal however slipped to sixth in the league the following season, and lost out to Luton Town in the League Cup final a year later. Graham sought to resolve inconsistencies by freshening up his squad, promoting number of academy graduates while selling ageing players. By the summer of 1988, he achieved a blend of youth and experience, but little was thought of Arsenal's chances of winning the First Division.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Background, Transfers
Arsenal sold a number of fringe players throughout the season so Graham could freshen the squad with new players. Having already signed Lee Dixon and Steve Bould from Stoke City, defender Kenny Sansom became surplus to requirement and eventually joined Newcastle United. Steve Williams was sold to Luton Town for £300,000 in June 1988. as the player felt first-team opportunities were scarce; the fee Luton paid was £100,000 less than Arsenal originally wanted. Graham Rix went to Caen on a free transfer. Other transfers saw Rhys Wilmot leave the club he joined as a trainee in 1977 after failing to displace John Lukic as first choice, and Andy Marriott left to join Brian Clough's Nottingham Forest in a deal worth £50,000.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division
A total of 20 teams competed in the First Division in the 1988–89 season. Each team played 38 matches; two against every other team and one match at each club's stadium. Three points were awarded for each win, one point per draw, and none for defeats.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, August–November
Arsenal began the league season away at Plough Lane, where they faced Wimbledon on 27 August 1988. The team started badly, going a goal behind after eight minutes but came back to win 5–1 with Alan Smith scoring a hat-trick. The manner of Arsenal's comeback had journalist Dennis Signy mulling over the club's chances of winning the league; he wrote in his Times match report: "…the Gunners made the bookmakers' odds of 16–1 against them for the championship look generous."


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, August–November
At Highbury, Arsenal were beaten by newly promoted Aston Villa; for much of the first half Graham's side struggled to break through Villa's back five. The visitors were two goals up in the match before Arsenal equalised in the space of ten minutes. Andy Gray scored the winner in the 62nd minute from a free-kick contentiously awarded by the referee. Arsenal then faced Tottenham Hotspur in the season's first North London Derby, staged at White Hart Lane. A fast-paced and open first-half saw five goals in 17 minutes with Arsenal running out 3–2 winners.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, August–November
Graham later described it a "great" and "wonderful advertisement for the game," and felt the supporters and media would go away happy. Arsenal's home form continued to blight them as the team dropped two points against Southampton on 17 September 1988. The match was best remembered for an altercation between Paul Davis and Glenn Cockerill. The Arsenal midfielder punched Cockerill which was missed by the referee, but caught on camera. Davis was later banned for nine matches and handed a record £3,000 fine. Arsenal ended the month with a 2–1 defeat away to Sheffield Wednesday and sat in seventh position.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, August–November
"He's anaemic, but he's leading the line superbly," was Graham's assessment of Smith as the striker scored two goals in Arsenal's 4–1 win at West Ham United. David Rocastle and Michael Thomas were the other goalscorers, contributing to the team's 13 league goals in four away matches. Goals from Adams and Smith saw Arsenal defeat Queens Park Rangers at home two weeks later, but they were held to a 1–1 draw at Luton Town despite dominating much of the game.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, August–November
Adams scored his second league goal of the season, at home to Coventry City to earn three points for the team. They also extended their unbeaten run in all competitions to seven matches. Kevin Richardson and Brian Marwood were singled out for praise by journalist Vince Wright, with the former "doing an excellent job on [David] Speedie," and the latter seemingly "involved in every penetrating move."


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, August–November
A live match audience witnessed Arsenal trounce Nottingham Forest at the City Ground in early November. Steve Bould, Brian Marwood, Adams and Smith each scored as the team came back from a goal behind to win. "It was a performance of true quality which must have made excellent viewing," was Graham's verdict and he described it as "satisfying" to beat Forest at their home ground. Arsenal were not at their fluent best against Newcastle United though came away from St James' Park with a clean sheet and a 1–0 win – Bould scored for the second successive match.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, August–November
Paul Merson scored twice against Middlesbrough as Arsenal recorded a 3–0 win and moved into second place, just two points behind Norwich City. Arsenal's five England internationals, who featured against Saudi Arabia a week before, were lauded in The Times for their performances, despite playing tamely for country. The match reporter suggested the club versus country dilemma could be solved by including more Arsenal players, something Graham was sceptical about when put to him. "I want England to do very well. It's just I want Arsenal to do better," he said. Arsenal's unbeaten run came to an end against Derby County, where at the Baseball Ground a debatable penalty was awarded to the home side which allowed them to get back into the game.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, December–February
The visit of champions Liverpool in early December was seen by Graham and the media as a test of Arsenal's championship credentials. Arsenal entered the match boasting the division's best attacking record, while Liverpool conceded the fewest in the competition. In the game Liverpool went ahead through left winger John Barnes, but their lead was short lived as Smith equalised.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, December–February
Both sides spurned chances to win the game late on and the score stayed 1–1 at full time; Kenny Dalglish, the Liverpool player-manager however was delighted with a point and said afterwards: "That was as entertaining as any of the other four games we have played against each other this season." Arsenal failed to score for the first time in the season when they played league leaders Norwich City on 10 December 1988. The team returned to winning ways during the Christmas period. More than 37,000 spectators saw Arsenal defeat Manchester United by two goals to one, and on Boxing Day a brace from Marwood ensured Arsenal beat Charlton Athletic to go top of the league table. They continued their good form on New Year's Eve, beating Aston Villa 3–0.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, December–February
The Highbury clock was unveiled in an elevated position before the game against Tottenham Hotspur as part of the ground's refurbishment work. Merson and Thomas scored a goal apiece against their bitter rivals, handing the team a fourth straight league win and send them two points clear of Norwich City. Match reporter Clive White conceded Tottenham had a legitimate claim for a penalty in the first half, but felt they never merited anything from the game, contrasting the visitor's disappointing play to Arsenal – "the epitome of pure, free-flowing football."


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, December–February
The team continued their good away form by taking apart Everton at Goodison Park. Graham labelled his team as "nice and solid" after a goalless first half and the visitors sprung to life in the second, scoring three goals. Richardson, scorer of Arsenal's third, assessed the squad was more experienced than last year, adding "Everybody knows what they have to do." Arsenal failed to record a sixth straight win as Sheffield Wednesday held on for a 1–1 draw at Highbury the following weekend.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, December–February
Victory against West Ham United moved Arsenal 10 points clear of third-place Coventry City and significantly ahead of defending champions Liverpool. The team came from behind against Millwall to seal another win. Their performance up until the second half was insipid, and after the interval they did as their manager asked and "upped their tempo" in search of an equaliser. Marwood eventually scored and the midfielder had a part to play in Smith getting the winning goal.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, December–February
Arsenal dropped two points away to Queens Park Rangers and were beaten by Coventry City – Bould conceded a late second-half penalty which was converted by Brian Kilcline. John Sillett, the manager of Coventry City felt pressure on Arsenal was "beginning to tell on them" and wanted to exploit that. Smith and Perry Groves each scored in Arsenal's 2–0 win against Luton Town, but February ended with a goalless draw at home to Millwall. Doubts were raised over Arsenal's championship credentials as Millwall successfully nullified their opponents' attacking threat.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, December–February
The visitors' own attacking duo – Teddy Sheringham and Tony Cascarino got the better of a struggling Adams, who was fortunate not to have conceded a penalty in the first half. Though Arsenal remained in first place after 27 matches, the gap built at the start of the calendar year was diminishing.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May
Arsenal's limitations were laid bare at home to Nottingham Forest as they were beaten 3–1. Clough's team, "the supreme masters of the counter-attack", produced a first-half performance of quality and hit the hosts on the break to score three times. Arsenal's form dipped as they drew 2–2 with Charlton Athletic, leaving themselves 11 points behind Liverpool who had three games in hand. Davis returned to the line-up for only his third league start since October, and made a noticeable difference, "restor[ing] Arsenal's confidence" and gave their attack "imagination." He put Arsenal 2–1 up in the match, but Charlton equalised when Steve MacKenzie raced into the penalty area and from the right unleashed a shot that bobbled over Lukic.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May
Consecutive away fixtures brought mixed results; Arsenal beat Southampton 3–1 before drawing one-all at Old Trafford against Manchester United. Adams, a target for jeers by the crowd, had scored at both ends. The day after the game he saw a picture of himself on the back page of the Daily Mirror with donkey ears. The jibes affected Adams privately, but he later recollected how it motivated him to "play that much better." Arsenal strengthened their position at the top of the table with four straight wins, conceding no goals.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May
Lee Dixon and Niall Quinn each scored against Everton and the team then beat Newcastle United by a single goal. It was a "nervous" performance and "hardly the stuff of potential champions," reflected by the narrow scoreline, though the team did create notable chances throughout the game. Richardson and Marwood were denied by last-ditch tackles, interventions and goalkeeping saves.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May
Arsenal turned on the style against Norwich City a few weeks later, recording their biggest win of the season. Smith, Thomas, Rocastle andNigel Winterburn were all on the scoresheet and the 5–0 victory opened up a six-point gap at the top of the table. The Guardian correspondent David Lacey opined that the combination play between Smith and Merson was "crucial to Arsenal's momentum" as was Rocastle's athleticism down the right. Martin Hayes made a rare start for Arsenal and crucially scored the winner against Middlesbrough, all but relegating the North-East side.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May
The absence of Davis, out with an injury, was felt as Arsenal unexpectedly lost at home to Derby County. In their final home match of the season Arsenal were held to a 2–2 draw by Wimbledon, paving the way for Liverpool to leapfrog them into first place and move three points clear. With one game remaining, Arsenal's title chances were as good as over.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May, Title decider
Arsenal's final match of the league season – against Liverpool, was originally scheduled a month earlier, but the events at Hillsborough, which saw 96 of Liverpool's supporters crushed to death in a stadium disaster, meant the game was postponed and rearranged. By the time the fixture drew ever closer, both clubs were close enough on points for it to act as a title decider; the odds however were against Arsenal as they had not won at Anfield in 15 years. Liverpool moreover had not lost by two goals – the margin Arsenal required to win the championship – in three years.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May, Title decider
The game took place on a Friday evening and was televised to a national audience of over 12 million. Graham made a slight adjustment to his team's formation, bringing David O'Leary in to play as a sweeper in a back five. His thinking was to nullify Liverpool's attacking threat and for much of the first half, Arsenal stemmed their opponents' usual passing game. In the second half, Smith scored, but it looked increasingly likely the title would remain at Anfield as Arsenal struggled to increase their lead.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League First Division, March–May, Title decider
However, deep into stoppage time, Thomas evaded a challenge by Steve Nicol and raced into the penalty area, before slipping the ball past advancing Bruce Grobbelaar to make the score 2–0. The final whistle was blown seconds later, ending Arsenal's 18-year wait to be crowned league champions. Described as "the most dramatic finish in the 120-year history of the English top flight" by BBC Sport in 2008, the title decider at Anfield generated interest in the sport and the events were depicted in Nick Hornby's best-selling book Fever Pitch.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, FA Cup
Arsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round (last 64), in which they were drawn to face fellow First Division club West Ham United away from home. Their time in the competition was brief; Arsenal resiliently came from two goals down at Upton Park to force a replay, but they lost the tie at home by a single goal. Graham commended West Ham's approach afterwards, admitting they had done "...a very good job on us. They stopped us scoring and hoped they would nick one."


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League Cup
Arsenal entered the Football League Cup in the second round, where they were drawn against Hull City in a two-legged tie. At Boothferry Park, Marwood scored against his former side in a 2–0 win. Arsenal made light work of the second leg, where at Highbury Smith scored twice to make certain of progress into the fourth round. It was at that stage the team exited the competition, against Liverpool. The original tie at Anfield ended in a 1–1 draw, which meant it was replayed at Highbury. Both sides failed to convert their chances over 90 minutes, resulting in a second replay at Villa Park. Merson opened the scoring, before Steve McMahon brought Liverpool level and then his teammate John Aldridge got their second to knock Arsenal out of the competition.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League Centenary Trophy
The Football League Centenary Trophy was held during the 1988–89 season to celebrate the 100th birthday of the Football League. It was a knockout competition, between the top eight sides from the 1987–88 First Division. In the quarter-final stage, Arsenal played Queens Park Rangers. Goals from Adams and Marwood were enough to send the club into the following round, where they then faced a makeshift Liverpool side at home. Arsenal took the lead in the tie, when Groves scored, but with 10 minutes of normal time remaining Steve Staunton equalised for the visitors. Arsenal quickly regained the lead however when Marwood's volley looped over goalkeeper Mike Hooper and into the net.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Football League Centenary Trophy
The final, staged at Villa Park, pitted Arsenal against Manchester United. Arsenal raced into a 2–0 lead before half-time, but United finished the game strongly and Clayton Blackmore scored to make it a tense finale. Graham's side however held on for the trophy, and the club also received a prize fund of £50,000.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad statistics
Arsenal used a total of 17 players during the 1988–89 season and there were 14 different goalscorers. Thomas featured in 47 matches – the most of any Arsenal player in the campaign. Lukic, Winterburn and Rocastle started in all 38 league matches. The team scored a total of 87 goals in all competitions. The top goalscorer was Smith, with 25 goals – 23 of which were scored in the league.


1988–89 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad statistics
Smith and Rocastle were the only Arsenal players named in the PFA Team of the Year for 1988–89; for Rocastle, it was his second consecutive appearance, as he featured in the line up a season ago. Merson was awarded the PFA Young Player of the Year in April 1989, an award voted by his fellow peers and professionals. The ceremony, which was held at London's Hilton Hotel, took place a day after the Hillsborough tragedy. A minute's silence was held and pre-planned extravaganzas were cancelled in respect.


1988–89 Asian Club Championship
The 1988–89 Asian Club Championship was the 8th edition of the annual Asian club football competition hosted by Asian Football Confederation.


1988–89 Asian Club Championship
Al-Sadd of Qatar won the final and became Asian champions for the first time.


1988–89 Asian Club Championship, Qualifying Group round, Group 2
1 Group 2 was also the Gulf Cooperation Council Club Tournament. 2 Fanja played only in the GCC Tournament.


1988–89 Asian Club Championship, Qualifying Group round, Group 3
All matches were played at the Salt Lake Stadium in Calcutta, India.


1988–89 Asian Club Championship, Qualifying Group round, Group 4
All match were played at the Bangabandhu National Stadium in Dhaka, Bangladesh.


1988–89 Associate Members' Cup
The 1988–89 Associate Members' Cup (known as the 1988–89 Sherpa Van Trophy) was the sixth staging of the Associate Members' Cup, a knock-out competition for English football clubs in the Third Division and the Fourth Division. The winners were Bolton Wanderers and the runners-up were Torquay United.


1988–89 Associate Members' Cup
The competition began on 21 November 1988 and ended with the final on 28 May 1989 at Wembley Stadium.


1988–89 Associate Members' Cup
In the first round, there were two sections split into eight groups: North and South. In the following rounds each section gradually eliminates teams in knock-out fashion until each has a winning finalist. At this point, the two winning finalists faced each other in the combined final for the honour of the trophy.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season
Aston Villa competed in the Football League First Division during the 1988–89 English football season, having earned a promotion back to the First Division under their manager Graham Taylor. Although the team saw a slump in performances towards the end of the season, Aston Villa narrowly avoided relegation in the 1988–89 season after a draw on the final day of the season.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
The start of the season saw Gordon Cowans rejoin Aston Villa in a £250,000 deal, following 3 years at Bari. Striker, Warren Aspinall, left in a £315,000 deal, as Portsmouth manager, Alan Ball, aimed for an immediate return to the First Division.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
27 August 1988: Millwall began their First Division career with a 2–2 draw against Aston Villa at Villa Park.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
2 October 1988: Aston Villa sold defender Neale Cooper to Rangers for £300,000.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
5 November 1988: Manchester United drew with Aston Villa at home with a score of 1–1. This was the Manchester United's fifth draw of the season.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
12 November 1988: After a 3–1 home win over Aston Villa, Southampton achieved their third win of the season.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
26 November 1988: Coventry's 2–1 home win over local rivals, Aston Villa, saw them jump to fifth place in the table.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
3 December 1988: Norwich City remained at the top of the First Division despite a 3–1 defeat to Aston Villa. However, Arsenal sat just three points behind them, with two games still to play.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
24 December 1988: Aston Villa sold striker Garry Thompson to Watford for £325,000.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
31 December 1988: After defeating Aston Villa 3–0, Arsenal replaced Norwich City at the top the First Division due to a higher goal difference.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
15 April 1989 – Everton beat Norwich City 1–0 in the FA Cup semi-finals at Villa Park. The other semi-final saw one of English football's greatest ever tragedies, with the death of 96  Liverpool supporters, during a match against Nottingham Forest at Hillsborough.


1988–89 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
13 May 1989 – Middlesbrough joined already relegated Newcastle United, after losing a relegation showdown 1–0 away to Sheffield Wednesday, whilst Luton Town beat Norwich City 1–0. The result ensured Wednesday's survival. West Ham United, however, had to win their last two games to stay up—at the expense of Aston Villa.


1988–89 Atlanta Hawks season
The 1988–89 NBA season was the Hawks' 40th season in the NBA and 21st season in Atlanta. After falling into the second round for two straight seasons, the Hawks acquired Reggie Theus from the Sacramento Kings, and signed unrestricted free agent and All-Star forward Moses Malone during the offseason. However, they would lose Kevin Willis for the entire season to a knee injury suffered during the preseason. The Hawks reached 50 wins for the fourth consecutive season, finishing third in the Central Division with a 52–30 record. Malone and Dominique Wilkins were both selected for the 1989 NBA All-Star Game. In the first round of the playoffs, they lost to the 5th-seeded Milwaukee Bucks in five games after winning Game 1. Following the season, Theus left in the 1989 NBA Expansion Draft.


1988–89 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1988–89 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Sonny Smith, who was in his eleventh and final season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Joel H. Eaves Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 9–19, 2–16 in SEC play. They lost to Ole Miss in the first round of the SEC Tournament.


1988–89 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The Tigers' season was beset with many problems. Junior forward John Caylor, expected to be a key contributor this season, was lost after five games due to a life-threatening blood clot in his shoulder.


1988–89 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
Junior guard Derrick Dennison, another key contributor from last season, quit the team over a feud with Coach Smith about a reduced role, but later returned. Additionally, forward Kelvin Ardister, a junior-college transfer, and freshman guard Johnny Benjamin were both dismissed from the team after seven games for violating team rules. Prior to his dismissal, Benjamin had been arrested and imprisoned on two misdemeanor charges, criminal trespassing and third-degree theft of property, when he entered a student's off-campus apartment and took an undisclosed amount of money.


1988–89 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
After the season, coach Sonny Smith resigned and took the head coaching position at VCU.


1988–89 Australian Tri-Series
The 1988–89 World Series was a One Day International (ODI) cricket tri-series where Australia played host to Pakistan and West Indies. Australia and West Indies reached the Finals, which West Indies won 2–1.


1988–89 Australian Tri-Series, Final series
West Indies won the best of three final series against Australia 2–1.


1988–89 Australian region cyclone season
The 1988–89 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly above average tropical cyclone season. It officially started on 1 November 1988, and officially ended on 30 April 1989. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on 1 July 1988 and ended on 30 June 1989.


1988–89 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Barisaona
On 5 November, the JTWC started to monitor a tropical disturbance, that was located about 840 km (520 mi) to the southeast of Jakarta, Indonesia. Over the next 24 hours the disturbance remained near stationary before moving slowly towards the north-west over the next few days. The JTWC then initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 02S during 8 November, with 1-minute sustained windspeeds equivalent to a tropical storm on the SSHS. During that day while 02S continued to move towards the west, 02S intensified quickly to obtain 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 100 km/h (60 mph).