1989 California medfly attack, Response
After its repeated sprayings failed to eradicate the medfly threat, California halted its Malathion aerial spraying program in March 1990, three months after the threat from The Breeders was received. The state instead opted to try the voluntary introduction of millions of radiation-sterilized medflies to interrupt the reproductive cycle and control the population.


1989 California medfly attack, Response
Later, South Dakota reported that a similar attack with a corn or soybean pest could devastate their agriculture industry. In May 2001, Mark Urlaub, the Department of Agriculture's biosecurity program director, announced that investigators were "taking another look at" the 1989 attack.


1989 Cameroonian Premier League
In the 1989 Cameroonian Premier League season, 16 teams competed. Racing Bafoussam won the championship.


1989 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby
The 1989 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby (Campionato argentino de Mayores) was won for the third consecutive year by the selection of Unión de Rugby de Tucumàn that beat in the final the selection of Rosario.


1989 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, "Campeonato"  Tournament
The better eight teams played for the title. They were divided into two pools of four, the first two of each pools admitted to semifinals, the last relegated to the secondo division


1989 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final
Tucumàn 15. F. Williams, 14. J. Soler, 13. J. Gianotti, 12. S. Mesón, 11. G. Terán, 10. R. Sauze, 9. P. Merlo (capt. ), 8. J. Santamarina, 7. S. Bunader, 6. P. Garretón, 5. O. Fascioli (Macome 77'), 4. P. Buabse, 3. L. Molina (R. Paz Posse 57'), 2. S. Paz Posse, 1. R. Hortas. Rosario: 15. Del Castillo, 14. Sarrabayrousse, 13. Paván, 12. Romero Acuña, 11. García, 10. Ansaldi, 9. Crexell, 8.P. Baraldi, 7. Schnaider, 6. Pérez, 5. Minoldo (Rossi), 4. Discaciatti (capt. ), 3. Céspedes, 2. M. Baraldi, 1. Mansilla.


1989 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, "Classificacion" Tournament
Teams are divided in two pools: the winners of each, promoted to "Campeonato" tournament.


1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 33rd edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. The competition was won by Vasco da Gama.


1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, The final
São Paulo: Gilmar; Netinho, Adílson, Ricardo Rocha and Nelsinho; Flávio, Bobô and Raí; Mário Tilico, Ney and Edivaldo (Paulo César). Head coach: Carlos Alberto Silva.


1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, The final
Vasco: Acácio; Luiz Carlos Winck, Quiñónez, Marco Aurélio and Mazinho; Zé do Carmo, Marco Antônio Boiadeiro and Bismarck; Sorato, Bebeto and William. Head coach: Nelsinho Rosa.


1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The football (soccer) Campeonato Brasileiro Série B 1989, the second level of Brazilian National League, was played from September 9 to December 20, 1989. The competition had 96 clubs and two of them were promoted to Série A. The competition was won by Bragantino.


1989 Campeonato Carioca
The 1989 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on February 11, 1989 and ended on June 21, 1989. It is the official tournament organized by FFERJ (Federação de Futebol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, or Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation. Only clubs based in the Rio de Janeiro State are allowed to play. Twelve teams contested this edition. Botafogo won the title for the 15th time. Volta Redonda and Olaria were relegated.


1989 Campeonato Gaúcho
The 69th season of the Campeonato Gaúcho kicked off on February 26, 1989 and ended on August 13, 1989. Fourteen teams participated. Holders Grêmio won their 27th title. São Paulo and Internacional de Santa Maria were relegated.


1989 Campeonato Gaúcho, System
The championship would have three stages. Three points were given for a win, and all ties led to penalty shootouts, the winner of which won two points and the loser one. :


1989 Campeonato Paulista
The 1989 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão de Futebol Profissional was the 88th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. São Paulo won the championship by the 16th time. no teams were relegated.


1989 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
The twenty-two teams of the championship were divided into two groups of eleven teams, with each team playing once against the teams of its own group and the other group. The three best teams of each group, plus the six overall best teams aside of them would qualify to the Third phase. The group phase also had peculiar rules regarding points: wins with three or more goals scored were worth an extra point, and goalless ties had to be followed by a penalty shootout, worth one point for the winner and none for the loser.


1989 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
The Second phase's twelve teams were divided into four groups of three, with each team playing twice against the teams of its own group, with the best team of each group qualifying to the Semifinals, with their winners qualifying to the Finals.


1989 Campeonato Profesional
The 1989 Campeonato Profesional was the 42nd season of Colombia's top-flight football league. The season was cancelled after 318 matches because of the assassination of referee Álvaro Ortega on October 1 in Medellín. No champion was declared and no teams qualified for international competitions for the following season (however Atlético Nacional played the 1990 Copa Libertadores as champion of the previous edition).


1989 Campeonato Profesional, League system
The season consisted in six phases. The first phase, Torneo Apertura, had a round-robin format. The second phase consisted in a Pentagonal (three groups of five teams each one, playing against each other at home and away). The third phase, Torneo Finalización, had a similar format that Torneo Apertura. The fourth phase, Cuadrangular Inicial, consisted in two groups of four teams each one, playing against each other at home and away. The others phases, Repechaje and the finals, were not played due to the cancellation of the tournament.


1989 Campeonato Profesional, League system
Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference.


1989 Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol
Statistics of Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol in the 1989 season.


1989 Campeonato de España de Waterpolo Femenino
The 1989 Campeonato de España de waterpolo femenino was the second edition of RFEN's premier championship for women's water polo clubs. It took place from May 26 to June 11, 1989, and it was contested by twelve teams. CN Catalunya won all five games in the final stage to win its first title, while defending champion CN Molins de Rei was the runner-up.


1989 Campeonato de España de Waterpolo Femenino, First stage
Alcorcón El Olivar Las Encinas de Boadilla La Latina Martiánez Ondarreta


1989 Campeón de Campeones
The 1989 Campeon de Campeones was the 36th edition of this Mexican Super Cup football match played by:


1989 Campeón de Campeones
Was played on July 20, 1989, at México DF, in a single match, to extra time.


1989 Campionati Internazionali di San Marino
The 1989 Campionati Internazionali di San Marino was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Centro Tennis Cassa di Risparmio di Fonte dell'Ovo in the City of San Marino in San Marino and was part of the World Series of the 1989 Grand Prix. It was the inaugural  edition of the tournament and was held from 21 August until 27 August 1989. Unseeded José Francisco Altur, who entered the main darw as a qualifier, won the singles title.


1989 Campionati Internazionali di San Marino, Finals, Doubles
Simone Colombo /  Claudio Mezzadri defeated  Pablo Albano /  Gustavo Luza 6–1, 4–6, 7–6


1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The 1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and took place from 25 September until 1 October 1989. Seventh-seeded Guillermo Pérez Roldán won the singles title.


1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, Finals, Doubles
Peter Ballauff /  Rüdiger Haas defeated  Goran Ivanišević /  Diego Nargiso 6–2, 6–7, 6–4


1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia – Doubles
Carlos di Laura and Marcelo Filippini were the defending champions, but none competed this year.


1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia – Doubles
Peter Ballauff and Rüdiger Haas won the title by defeating Goran Ivanišević and Diego Nargiso 6–2, 6–7, 6–4 in the final.


1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia – Singles
Mats Wilander was the defending champion, but did not compete this year.


1989 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia – Singles
Guillermo Pérez Roldán won the title by defeating Paolo Canè 6–1, 6–4 in the final.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1989 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on 18 June 1989. The race, contested over 69 laps, was the sixth race of the 1989 Formula One season and was won by Belgian driver Thierry Boutsen, driving a Williams-Renault, after Ayrton Senna suffered an engine failure in his McLaren-Honda late on. It was Boutsen's first F1 victory, and the first for Williams with Renault engines. Teammate Riccardo Patrese finished second, with Andrea de Cesaris third in a Dallara-Ford.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
Stefano Modena was comfortably fastest in the pre-qualifying session in his Brabham, over a second faster than the Osella of Nicola Larini. Both their team-mates failed to pre-qualify; it was the first time a Brabham had failed to pre-qualify this season as Martin Brundle was fifth after suffering various car-related issues, and Osella's Piercarlo Ghinzani was down in eighth, over two seconds behind Larini. It was Ghinzani's sixth successive failure to pre-qualify. Stefan Johansson was third fastest in the Onyx, but his team-mate Bertrand Gachot failed to pre-qualify in sixth, also his sixth successive failure. The last pre-qualifier was Alex Caffi in the Dallara, in fourth.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
The other entrants to fail to pre-qualify on the Friday morning included Gregor Foitek, seventh in the sole EuroBrun, who had failed to pre-qualify on the previous four occasions, and both the underpowered Zakspeeds, with Bernd Schneider ninth and Aguri Suzuki a distant twelfth. The AGS of Joachim Winkelhock was tenth and Volker Weidler's Rial was eleventh; both Germans' sixth successive failures to pre-qualify. Pierre-Henri Raphanel was bottom of the time sheets in thirteenth, not recording a representative time in his Coloni.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Nearly all the thirty drivers who took part in qualifying posted their faster times on Friday afternoon, as the Saturday session was cold, windy, overcast and sometimes wet. Of the front runners, only Ayrton Senna was able to come close to matching his Friday time, but the Brazilian was denied his ninth consecutive pole position by his McLaren team-mate Alain Prost, by just under eight hundredths of a second. The second row was filled by Riccardo Patrese in the Williams and Gerhard Berger's Ferrari, with the third row occupied by their team-mates; Ferrari's Nigel Mansell a tenth or two faster than Williams' Thierry Boutsen.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Modena put the sole remaining Brabham a fine seventh on the grid, the top V8 and the top Pirelli-tyred runner, with another pre-qualifier, Caffi, alongside him in eighth. Caffi's Dallara team-mate, Andrea de Cesaris, shared the fifth row with the Lola of Philippe Alliot. The Minardi of Pierluigi Martini was eleventh, with Derek Warwick in the Arrows twelfth.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Alessandro Nannini suffered balance issues in his Benetton to qualify 13th, alongside Jonathan Palmer's Tyrrell. Pre -qualifier Larini was 15th in the surviving Osella, with the second Arrows of Eddie Cheever in 16th. Mauricio Gugelmin qualified his March 17th, alongside the last pre-qualifier, Johansson's Onyx.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Triple World Champion Nelson Piquet could only manage 19th spot in his Lotus, with the second Tyrrell of Michele Alboreto 20th. The second March of Ivan Capelli was 21st, alongside the only Ligier to qualify, that of René Arnoux, amid rumours of his retirement. Christian Danner qualified the sole remaining Rial 23rd, and was one of the few drivers to improve his time on Saturday, with the second Minardi of Spaniard Luis Pérez-Sala in 24th. The back row consisted of the AGS of Gabriele Tarquini, and the Coloni of Roberto Moreno, who narrowly qualified on Saturday after failing to post a representative time on Friday.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
The four non-qualifiers were Satoru Nakajima in the second Lotus, the Lola of Yannick Dalmas, and the Benetton of Johnny Herbert, who surprisingly missed the cut after being unable to balance his car satisfactorily, marginally quicker than the second Ligier of Olivier Grouillard, who was slowest with gearbox problems. The last three failed to qualify on Saturday despite improving on their Friday times.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Herbert was subsequently dropped for three months by Benetton, and replaced by McLaren test driver Emanuele Pirro for the next race, after it was decided that Herbert needed more time to recover from the leg and ankle injuries he had sustained in the Formula 3000 race at Brands Hatch in 1988.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
The weather on Sunday morning was very poor, with heavy rain. The first start was aborted after Berger stalled his engine on the grid, meaning the intended 70 laps race distance was reduced to 69. The rain began to recede, and Mansell, Nannini and Sala elected to pit for slick tyres at the end of the second formation lap, and start from the pit lane.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
However, with apparently no guidance from pit lane marshals or lights, Mansell and Nannini changed their tyres and left the pit lane to rejoin the circuit 17 seconds before the starting procedure had been completed and the green lights were shown to the rest of the field. Both cars circulated ahead of the pack for a few laps until they were caught by the leaders and then black-flagged, i.e. disqualified, for starting the race too early.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
At the start the rest of the field got away cleanly, except for Modena and Martini, who collided and both retired. Alboreto pitted his Tyrrell to retire with electrical problems. Prost led from Senna, Patrese, Berger, Boutsen, de Cesaris and Alliot, who had made a strong start. At the end of the lap Prost and Caffi pitted for slick tyres. On the following lap Prost entered the pits again, and retired there with front suspension failure.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
This left Senna leading as Boutsen passed Berger for third, and the order changed several times over the next few laps as drivers pitted for dry tyres, although the rain soon returned. Cheever retired from eighth position with an electrical fault. Senna was one of those to pit on lap four, and dropped to fifth, leaving Patrese in the lead from Boutsen, Berger and Alliot. Berger repassed Boutsen for second place, but immediately retired with a broken alternator belt. Designer John Barnard later said, "It isn't the actual gearbox that gives trouble. It's the electrical ancillaries which keep packing up." Further back, Tarquini spun out of the race, having just passed Arnoux for eighth place.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Senna passed Alliot for third, behind the two Williams cars of Patrese and Boutsen. This order continued until lap 11, with Warwick fifth, ahead of Larini, Arnoux, Danner, Capelli and Sala. Next were the two Dallaras of Caffi and de Cesaris, followed by Palmer, Piquet and Gugelmin. The last two runners, Moreno and Johansson, had already been lapped.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
On lap 11, Boutsen and Capelli pitted, and on the next lap Gugelmin dropped out with electrical problems, while Sala crashed his Minardi into the barriers having inherited eighth place. At the back, Johansson pitted his Onyx for a second time, but emerged dragging a tyre gun, air line and part of the metal pit gantry on to the track. He was shown the black flag, but later claimed not to have seen it, and was disqualified for ignoring it.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
On lap 14, Warwick passed Alliot to move into fourth place, while both Dallaras passed Danner, who dropped to ninth. On lap 15, Larini also passed Alliot, while the Dallaras both passed Arnoux. Boutsen passed Danner and then Arnoux, moving up to eighth. On lap 17, Alliot pitted from fifth, while the Dallaras passed Larini's Osella. Piquet overtook Palmer for 11th. The order at the end of lap 18 was Patrese, Senna, Warwick, Caffi, de Cesaris, Larini, Boutsen, Arnoux, Danner, Piquet, Palmer and Alliot, with Capelli and Moreno a lap adrift.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Boutsen pitted his Williams again, finding that slick tyres were not the correct choice. Senna was also still on slick tyres at this stage of the race, and was struggling for traction on the wet parts of the circuit. On lap 21 he pitted for wet tyres and dropped to sixth. De Cesaris and Larini passed Caffi, and further back, Alliot started moving back through the field, passing Palmer and Piquet. On lap 22, Larini passed de Cesaris, taking the Osella into third place. Both Dallaras then pitted, allowing Senna back up to fourth place.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Alliot passed Danner and was up to sixth place in the Lola when he spun out of the race on lap 27. Two laps later, Capelli spun out of 12th place. Boutsen moved up a couple of places to fifth, passing Danner and Arnoux again, while Senna finally caught and passed Larini for third. Palmer overtook Danner for eighth place. On lap 34, Larini's Osella failed with electrical problems with the Italian still running strongly in fourth place.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Patrese had been on wet tyres since the start, and he finally pitted to change them on lap 35, leaving Warwick, also still on wets, to take the lead of the race in the Arrows. Palmer then crashed out from seventh place in the sole remaining Tyrrell, having secured what would be the fastest lap of the race. It proved to be the only fastest lap of Palmer's career.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Senna caught Warwick after the British driver had led for four laps, and passed him on lap 39. Warwick dropped out of the race from second place on the following lap, with engine failure. Piquet passed Arnoux to move up to fifth place. There followed a period of relative stability, with only nine cars left circulating, with 28 laps remaining. Senna led from Patrese and Boutsen, with de Cesaris fourth, ahead of Piquet, Arnoux, Danner, Caffi and Moreno.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Danner and Caffi both spun several times and had been lapped more than once, as had Moreno, who lost a front wheel and drove back to the pits on three wheels for a replacement. Caffi passed Danner for seventh on lap 50, and Moreno finally dropped out with differential failure after completing 57 laps.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
On lap 63, Patrese and Boutsen came up behind Piquet, who was lapping Danner's Rial. Boutsen took his chance and overtook his team-mate for second place before they lapped Danner. Patrese had been losing downforce and grip due to a loose diffuser on the rear of his car. By this time, only Senna and the two Williams cars were on the lead lap. Then on lap 67, with Senna comfortably ahead, the V10 Honda engine in his McLaren failed, and he pulled on to the infield just after the start-finish line to retire.


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Boutsen inherited the lead, and led the last three laps to beat his team-mate Patrese by just over thirty seconds. De Cesaris and Piquet, having unlapped themselves with Senna's retirement, finished third and fourth. Arnoux was fifth in the Ligier, with Caffi a further lap down in sixth, both Dallaras finishing in the points. Senna was classified seventh ahead of Danner eighth, the last surviving runner, three laps adrift. Boutsen later said, "I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw the 'P1' sign, and I drove very carefully for the rest of the race."


1989 Canadian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
It was Boutsen's first Grand Prix victory, and Patrese's third successive second-place finish. It was Dallara's first podium finish, and the only time both their cars finished in the points. It proved to be the last podium finish for de Cesaris, and the last points finish for Arnoux. It also proved to be Christian Danner's last race in Formula One, as he failed to qualify for any further Grands Prix before Rial left the sport at the end of the season.


1989 Canadian Junior Curling Championships
The 1989 Pepsi Canadian Junior Curling Championships were held at the Heather Curling Club in Winnipeg, Manitoba.


1989 Canadian Soccer League season
The 1989 Canadian Soccer League season was the third season of play for the Canadian Soccer League, a Division 1 men's soccer league in the Canadian soccer pyramid.


1989 Canadian Soccer League season, Format and changes from previous season
The Victoria Vistas joined the Canadian Soccer League as an expansion team for the 1990 season, joining the West Division. The divisions were now even with five teams each.


1989 Canadian Soccer League season, Format and changes from previous season
The Calgary Kickers folded following the 1988 season, but the club was replaced by a community-owned team called the Calgary Strikers.


1989 Canadian Soccer League season, Format and changes from previous season
Similar to the previous season, the teams played an unbalanced schedule with two-thirds of a team's matches coming against teams in their own division(4 matches each) and one-third against the opposite division (2 matches each) for a total of 26 matches. Following the season, the top three teams in each division would advance to the playoffs, with the division leaders earning a first round bye, to designate a national champion club. This season would see the first two rounds of the playoffs being played in two-legged times determined by aggregate score, while the final would remain a single match championship final.


1989 Canadian Soccer League season, Summary
Vancouver repeated as West Division champions, while Toronto won their first East Division title. Hamilton reached the final despite for the third consecutive year, where they faced Vancouver for the second year in a row, with the 86ers repeating as champions.


1989 Canadian Soccer League season, Summary
Vancouver was dominant again, losing but two regular-season matches en route to a second straight victory over Hamilton in the championship game. The 86ers went 46 consecutive games from the previous season into this one without losing, which is a record for a professional sports team in Canada.


1989 Canadian Soccer League season, Honours
The following awards and nominations were awarded for the 1989 season.


1989 Canadian federal budget
The Canadian federal budget for fiscal year 1989–1990 was presented to the House of Commons of Canada by finance minister Michael Wilson on 27 April 1989. It was the first budget after the 1988 Canadian federal election.


1989 Canadian federal budget
The budget set the stage for a plan to eliminate the deficit within three years. It would do so through spending cuts and raising taxes.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Background
In the November 1988 election campaign, the issue of the debt and the deficit was seldom raised. However, in February 1989, International Moneratary Fund had publicly warned the Canadian government that its Canadian national debt had gone out of control, and that radical measures were needed to curb the deficit. At the time, it totaled 320 Billion dollars, and was the highest among all industrialized countries except Italy.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Background
In the months prior to the presentation of the budget, the government often bought up the subject of the debt and the deficit in public appearances, making the case that it was putting the Canadian economy in great danger. These efforts were fruitful. According to gallup polling data from March 1989, the deficit was second in the list of the people's major concerns, with 18% saying it was the issue that required the greatest attention, behind the environment at 28%. In January 1989, that number was 10%, and 4% during the last election cycle.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Background, Leak
On April 26, 1989, parts of the budget were leaked to the press. Global TV Parliament Hill bureau chief Doug Small read the highlights of the budget on air. He had received the documents that afternoon from John Appleby, a Department of National Defence clerk (whose friend worked at the recycling plant where it was found). This forced minister Wilson to call a press conference at 5:30 PM that day, where he improvised the early release of the budget.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Background, Leak
Brian Mulroney called the leak a criminal act, and charged Small, Appleby, the recycling plant worker and 2 others of possession of stolen property. Charges against Small were eventually thrown out the following year.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Key elements
The main provisions of the budget are measures with the objective to reduce the deficit. These include spending cuts and tax increases.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Key elements, Cuts
Via Rail's subsidy was be cut by 500 million dollars, as were the subsidies of numerous other crown corporations and agencies. Air Canada was fully privatized, as the 55% of shares the government still held were planned to be sold.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Key elements, Cuts
The 8-billion dollar nuclear submarine program has been scrapped, and the military was planned to suffer spending cuts amounting 2.7-billion dollars over five years.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Key elements, Cuts
The budget for Official Development Assistance (i.e. international aid) would be cut by $360 million in 1989-90 (the program's growth rate would be capped at 5% in the 1990 federal budget).


1989 Canadian federal budget, Key elements, Cuts
Federal day-care commitments were also cut, as were many other provincial transfers.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Key elements, Tax measures, Goods and services tax
The budget announced the introduction of the Federal Goods and Services Tax, which planned to be effective on January 1, 1991. It was initially planned to be set at 9%.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Key elements, Tax measures, Excise taxes
Pending the introduction of the Goods and services tax, the government introduced changes to existing sales and excise taxes:


1989 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Opposition
The Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party (NDP) were both vehemently opposed to the budget. On the day the budget was leaked, NDP leader Ed Broadbent called on finance minister Michael Wilson to resign.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Unions
Almost every Canadian labour unions reacted very negatively to the budget, criticizing its tax increases and its lack of job-creating measures. Shirley Carr, president of the Canadian Labour Congress (CTC), said that the budget was  "an economic aggression that is not necessary. It is a cruel and brutal that will come to symbolize the free trade agreement". The CTC and 80 affiliated labour unions launched a nationwide campaign to have most of the budget's measures undone.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Provinces
Every single provincial governments was opposed to the budget. As per example, Manitoba's PC premier Gary Filmon said he was "extremely disappointed" by the budget. Both him and Quebec premier Robert Bourassa called on other provinces to oppose the budget, which he saw as a ploy to transfer the federal government's financial burden on to the provinces.


1989 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Provinces
Provinces were especially introduction of a federal sales tax. Shortly after the budget was presented, Bourassa and Ontario premier David Peterson called for its introduction to be cancelled. They were subsequently joined in this effort by British Columbia premier Bill Vander Zalm and Newfoundland and Labrador premier Clyde Wells. The former had previously claimed the budget was "worse than expected".


1989 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Provinces
Parti Québécois leader and Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Quebec Jacques Parizeau called for Quebec to patriate Employment Insurance from Canada in reaction to the cuts proposed to the program in the budget.


1989 Cannes Film Festival
The 42nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 11 to 23 May 1989. The Palme d'Or went to Sex, Lies, and Videotape by Steven Soderbergh.


1989 Cannes Film Festival
The festival opened with New York Stories, anthology film directed by Woody Allen, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese and closed with Old Gringo, directed by Luis Puenzo.


1989 Cannes Film Festival
During the 1989 festival, the first Cinéma & liberté forum was held with the participation of a hundred famous directors from various countries. They discussed about the freedom of expression and signed a declaration protesting against all forms of censorship still existing in the world.


1989 Cannes Film Festival, Juries, Main competition
The following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1989 feature film competition:


1989 Cannes Film Festival, Juries, Camera d'Or
The following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1989 Camera d'Or:


1989 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Un Certain Regard
The following films were selected for the competition of Un Certain Regard:


1989 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Films out of competition
The following films were selected to be screened out of competition.


1989 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Short film competition
The following short films competed for the Palme d'Or du court métrage:


1989 Cannes Film Festival, Parallel sections, International Critics' Week
The following feature films were screened for the 28th International Critics' Week (28e Semaine de la Critique):


1989 Cannes Film Festival, Parallel sections, Directors' Fortnight
The following feature films were screened for the 1989 Directors' Fortnight (Quinzaine des Réalizateurs):


1989 Canoe Slalom World Cup
The 1989 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of races in 4 canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 2nd edition.


1989 Canoe Slalom World Cup, Results, World Cup Race in Mezzana
The World Cup Race in Mezzana, Italy was one of the races of this world cup series and it took place on August 12.


1989 Canoe Slalom World Cup, Results, World Cup Race in Augsburg
The World Cup Race in Augsburg, West Germany took place on August 15.


1989 Canoe Slalom World Cup, Results, World Cup Final
The World Cup Final took place in Tacen, Yugoslavia on August 20.


1989 Caribbean Cup
The 1989 Caribbean Cup (known as the Shell Caribbean Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the first edition of the Caribbean Cup, the football championship of the Caribbean, one of the CONCACAF zones. The final stage was hosted by Barbados.


1989 Caribbean Cup
The tournament was sponsored by Shell Company Ltd. after the tournament was first thought of by employees of Shell Antilles and Gulanas Ltd. Barbados received a bye to the final round as they were hosts of the competition and Shell (based in Barbados) felt that it was better suited to host the tournament as Barbados have an international airport.


1989 Caribbean Cup, Qualifying tournament, Group C
Notes:Guadeloupe won the group on goal-difference, while Antigua was eliminated as the worst runner-up. Both teams had three wins and one defeat.


1989 Caribbean Series
The thirty-first edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was held from February 4 through February 9 of 1989 with the champion baseball teams of the Dominican Republic, Leones del Escogido; Mexico, Águilas de Mexicali; Puerto Rico, Indios de Mayagüez, and Venezuela, Águilas del Zulia. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Teodoro Mariscal in Mazatlán, Mexico.


1989 Carrickfergus Borough Council election
Elections to Carrickfergus Borough Council were held on 17 May 1989 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 15 councillors.


1989 Carrickfergus Borough Council election, Districts results, Carrick Castle
1985: 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP, 1 x PUP1989: 2 x Alliance, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x PUP1985-1989 Change: Alliance gain from UUP


1989 Carrickfergus Borough Council election, Districts results, Kilroot
1985: 3 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP1989: 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP, 1 x Independent Unionist1985-1989 Change: Independent Unionist leaves UUP


1989 Carrickfergus Borough Council election, Districts results, Knockagh Monument
1985: 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x DUP, 1 x Independent Unionist1989: 2 x Independent Unionist, 1 x UUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x DUP1985-1989 Change: Independent Unionist leaves UUP


1989 Castlereagh Borough Council election
Elections to Castlereagh Borough Council were held on 17 May 1989 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 21 councillors.


1989 Castlereagh Borough Council election, Districts results, Castlereagh Central
1985: 4 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance1989: 4 x DUP, 2 x UUP, 1 x Alliance1985-1989 Change: No change


1989 Castlereagh Borough Council election, Districts results, Castlereagh East
1985: 3 x DUP, 3 x UUP, 1 x Alliance1989: 3 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x UUP, 1 x UPUP, 1 x Independent Unionist1985-1989 Change: UPUP and Independent Unionist gain from UUP (two seats)


1989 Castlereagh Borough Council election, Districts results, Castlereagh South
1985: 3 x DUP, 3 x UUP, 1 x Alliance1989: 3 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 2 x Alliance1985-1989 Change: Alliance gain from DUP


1989 Centennial Cup
The 1989 Centennial Cup is the 19th Junior "A" 1989 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.


1989 Centennial Cup
The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Abbott Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Callaghan Cup, and a host city.


1989 Centennial Cup
The tournament was hosted by the Summerside Western Capitals in the city of Summerside, Prince Edward Island.


1989 Centennial Cup, The Playoffs
The Thunder Bay Flyers were coached by Dave Siciliano, and won the United States Hockey League regular season and playoffs in 1989. The Flyers began the Canadian playoffs undefeated in eight games with series victories versus the Sudbury Cubs and the Pembroke Lumber Kings to win the Dudley Hewitt Cup. Siciliano recalled that the Flyers were not given respect in advance of the 1989 Centennial Cup, and said that "the host Summerside team commented at the coaches press conference that Thunder Bay couldn't be very strong since they played in an American-based league".


1989 Centennial Cup, The Playoffs
During the round-robin stage of the tournament, the Flyers earned wins versus the Vernon Lakers and Moncton Hawks, and lost to the Summerside Western Capitals. The Flyers earned a berth in the cup finals based on goal difference among three teams tied for first place, then defeated Summerside by a 4–1 score in the final game to win the Centennial Cup. The Centennial Cup championship was the first for any team from Northwestern Ontario.


1989 Centennial Cup, The Playoffs, Round Robin
Note: x - denotes teams who have advanced to the semi-final.


1989 Centennial Cup, The Playoffs, Semi and Finals
Please note: Semi- Final was won in 14:51 of 3rd overtime period


1989 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics
The 1989 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics were held at the Estadio Sixto Escobar in San Juan, Puerto Rico between 27–29 July.


1989 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 1989 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their 12th season under head coach Herb Deromedi, the Chippewas compiled a 5–5–1 record (5–2–1 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC standings, and outscored their opponents, 228 to 182. The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 88,152 in five home games.


1989 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Jeff Bender with 1,487 passing yards, tailback Donnie Riley with 1,187 rushing yards, and Ken Ealy with 346 receiving yards. Riley received the team's most valuable player award. Six Central Michigan players (Riley, center Ralph Newland, placekicker Kevin Nicholl, linebacker Mark Dennis, defensive lineman J.J. Wierenga, and defensive back David Johnson) received first-team All-MAC honors. Nicholl set a school record with 20 field goals kicked during the 1989 season.


1989 Chadian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Chad on 10 December 1989. The new constitution made the country a one-party state with the National Union for Independence and Revolution as the sole legal party, as well as confirming Hissène Habré, who had come to power in a 1982 coup, as president. It also provided for a presidential republic with a unicameral National Assembly. It was passed by 99.9% of voters, with a turnout of 93%.


1989 Challenge Cup
The 1989 Challenge Cup was the 88th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, the final was contested by Wigan and St. Helens at Wembley. Wigan won the match 27–0.


1989 Challenge Cup, Final
This was the first time since 1951 that a team had been held scoreless in a Challenge Cup Final at Wembley.


1989 Challenge Tour
The 1989 Challenge Tour was a series of golf tournaments known as the Challenge Tour, the official development tour run by the PGA European Tour. The tour was started as the Satellite Tour with its first Order of Merit rankings in 1989 and was officially named the Challenge Tour ready for the start of the 1990 season.


1989 Challenge Tour
The 1989 Challenge Tour Rankings was won by England's Neil Briggs.


1989 Challenge Tour, Rankings
The top five on the Challenge Tour Rankings gained membership of the European Tour for the 1990 season.


1989 Champion Hurdle
The 1989 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 14 March 1989. It was the 60th running of the Champion Hurdle.


1989 Champion Hurdle
The winner was Tony Geake's Beech Road, a seven-year-old chestnut gelding trained in Hampshire by Toby Balding and ridden by Richard Guest. Beech Road's victory was a first in the race for jockey, trainer and owner.


1989 Champion Hurdle
Beech Road had established himself as a useful handicap hurdler in his early career but failed to complete the course when tried over fences on two occasions in the early part of the 1988/1989 National Hunt season. He was switched back to hurdling and earned a place in the championship with a twenty length win in the National Spirit Hurdle at Fontwell Racecourse in February. In the 1989 Champion Hurdle he started a 50/1 outsider and won by two lengths from Celtic Chief, with the 1988 winner Celtic Shot in third place. The 11/8 favourite Kribensis finished seventh. Twelve of the fifteen runners completed the course.


1989 Chatham Cup
The 1989 Chatham Cup was the 62nd annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1989 Chatham Cup
Up to the last 16 of the competition, the cup was run in three regions (northern, central, and southern). National League teams received a bye until the final 64 stage. In all, 153 teams took part in the competition, outstripping the previous year's record of 147.


1989 Chatham Cup, The 1989 final
From this year, the final reverted to a single game, rather than a two-legged tie as had been the case for the previous three years' competitions. The final was very one-sided, with Christchurch United equalling the record of seven goals set by Seatoun in 1958. The aggregate of eight goals in the final also equalled the competition record. Mike McGarry became the tenth player to score a Chatham Cup final hat-trick, the first since Graham Dacombe's four goals - also for Christchurch United - in 1972. Christchurch United's Johan Verweij became the first player to score in three successive Chatham Cup finals. Steve Sumner also entered the record books by being the first player to pick up a sixth cup-winner's medal.


1989 Chatham Cup, The 1989 final
The match went according to the form-book. Despite their fairy-tale run to the final, northern league side Rotorua City were no match for the previous year's national league champions. City keeper Dave Harris had a busy day, and despite making several good saves it was 5–0 by the half-time break, with goals from Keith Braithwaite, McGarry (twice), Verweij, and Laurence Fitzpatrick. In the second spell Steve Sumner added his name to the scorebook before McGarry completed his hat-trick. A Shane Zohs penalty in the 80th minute was a mere consolation for a Rotorua side well beaten.


1989 Chatham Cup, The 1989 final
The Jack Batty Memorial Trophy for player of the final was awarded to Mike McGarry of Christchurch United.


1989 Chatham Cup, Results, Third Round
* Won on penalties by Porirua (5-3) and Roslyn-Wakari (5-4)


1989 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1989 Chattanooga Moccasins football team represented the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) in the 1989 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Moccasins were led by sixth-year head coach Buddy Nix and played their home games at Charmerlain Field. They finished the season 3–7–1 overall and 2–4–1 in SoCon play to tie for fifth place.


1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The 1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup was a horse race which took place at Cheltenham on Thursday 16 March 1989. It was the 62nd running of the Cheltenham Gold Cup, and it was won by the pre-race favourite Desert Orchid. The winner was ridden by Simon Sherwood and trained by David Elsworth.


1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup
The race was later voted the "Greatest Race of All Time" in a Racing Post poll, ahead of the 1973 Grand National and the 1975 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.


1989 Cheltenham Gold Cup, Full result
* The distances between the horses are shown in lengths or shorter. Ref = refused; PU = pulled-up; BD = brought down.† Trainers are based in Great Britain unless indicated.


1989 Chenoua earthquake
The 1989 Chenoua earthquake occurred on October 29 at 19:09:15 local time in northern Algeria. The dip-slip event had a moment magnitude of 5.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). At least 22 were killed and many were injured with total losses of $5 million.


1989 Chicago Bears season
The 1989 Chicago Bears season was their 70th regular season completed in the National Football League. The Bears were looking to win the NFC Central for a sixth consecutive season, but instead finished with a 6–10 record and missed the playoffs for the first time since 1983. The Bears’ offseason moves prior to this season had consequences for years afterward as the pieces from Super Bowl XX’s team slowly began to leave or retire.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Winds of Change
In the winter of 1989 after Super Bowl XXIII, NFL owners and players ratified a new free agency plan. The plan would force teams to designate 37 players as "protected", with the rest becoming free agents able to sign with any team during the months of March and April. The first 1989 winds of change began to blow when the team left long-time veteran Super Bowl champion players Otis Wilson and Mike C. Richardson unprotected. Al Davis' Los Angeles Raiders signed both players, but neither would make the club that year and would be forced to retire. Another veteran of note unprotected was linebacker/defensive end Al Harris, who signed with Buddy Ryan's Philadelphia Eagles.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Winds of Change
Changes to the organization and team continued throughout the spring. Longtime offensive coordinator Ed Hughes was "promoted" to the title of assistant Head Coach, which simply meant that assistant Greg Landry took over as offensive coordinator while Hughes was relegated to coaching receivers. Head coach Mike Ditka announced at this time that that starting quarterback position was up for grabs, meaning incumbents Jim McMahon, Mike Tomczak and 1987 first-round draft pick Jim Harbaugh would battle for the starting role. McMahon had started the previous NFC Championship Game but couldn't muster the team to more than three points, so his long-standing starting job was by no means safe.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The 1989 NFL Draft
What was good news for the Bears was that for the second straight season, they owned multiple picks in the first round of the draft. 1988 had brought young offensive talent in receiver Wendell Davis and running back Brad Muster, and in 1989 it was thought that urgent help would be needed on defense, with the loss of Wilson, Richardson, and Harris. Additional depth on the defensive line was needed as well, given that William Perry and Richard Dent had missed significant time in 1988 due to injury.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The 1989 NFL Draft
Not only did the Bears have two first-rounders in 1989, they actually had three. They owned their own pick, number 25, and also had the 11th pick from the Raiders as part of the 1988 Willie Gault trade, and the 12th from the Washington Redskins for Wilber Marshall following the 1987 NFL Season. On draft day, the Bears selected cornerback Donnell Woolford 11th overall, then spent the 12th pick on Florida defensive end Trace Armstrong.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The 1989 NFL Draft
Feeling good about the first two picks, and needing additional depth, the Bears traded the 25th pick to the Miami Dolphins for their high second and third-round picks. Additional wheeling and dealing gave the Bears a whopping 20 selections over the Draft's 12 rounds. Eight of those players made the team and contributed. One that did not was ninth-round pick Byron Sanders from Northwestern. Byron's brother Barry had been selected by the Detroit Lions with the third overall selection.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The 1989 NFL Draft
In Armstrong, Woolford, and John Roper, a linebacker selected with the second-round pick obtained from Miami, the Bears had their replacements for Wilson, Richardson and Harris. Chicago used the other pick obtained from Miami on offensive lineman Jerry Fontenot. Were it not for the two picks obtained from the Dolphins, and the two first-rounders the Bears would have had virtually nothing long-term from this 20-player draft.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The 1989 NFL Draft
However, it was not the 1989 Draft that would harm the 1989 Bears – although the '89 draft would have a lot to do with the demise of the team leading up to Ditka's dismissal three years later. One of the nails in the '89 coffin were failures high in the 1985–1988 drafts. A second-rounder was blown in 1985 on cornerback Reggie Phillips, released in 1988. 1989's second 2nd round pick was tackle Dave Zawatson, who did not make the 1990 roster.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The 1989 NFL Draft
Third-round busts were James Maness in '85, David Williams in '86, the pick traded for Doug Flutie in 1987, and Ralph Jarvis in 1988. Fourth-round picks such as Paul Blair ('86) and Sean Smith ('87) weren't much better. The San Francisco 49ers built their late-decade dynasty around middle-round picks like Tom Rathman, Charles Haley and John Taylor during those years, while the Bears failed to restock as the Super Bowl Team of 1985 aged. This, along with letting Pro Bowlers like Marshall and Gault leave, would contribute to their downfall for more than a decade.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Training Camp drama
Training camp 1989 opened with the usual holdouts that were common in the 1980s, even though without free agency players had no real leverage. Steve McMichael held out briefly in hopes of renegotiating the contract he had signed the previous season, and William Perry, Dave Duerson and Shaun Gayle missed several days before signing. The Most notable holdouts were the first round picks, Armstrong and Woolford. The former missed the first three weeks of camp, while the latter didn't sign until after the first preseason game. These holdouts would trigger a unique change in Bears draft philosophy the following season.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The Bears quarterback problems
When Ditka was asked about Jim McMahon's status, prior to the season, he declared he had no intention of a trade but would listen to any offers that came this way. McMahon was traded to the San Diego Chargers days before the Chargers traveled to Soldier Field for a preseason meeting with the Bears. Hughes retired from the team shortly after the McMahon trade, stating he lost interest in coaching and that losing McMahon had no influence with his final decision to retire.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The Bears quarterback problems
Prior to traveling to Minneapolis to face the Minnesota Vikings in December, the Bears stayed for three days at the University of Wisconsin–Madison to practice in their indoor facilities. There were protests by Madison residents over the university allowing the Chicago Bears to train in Wisconsin.


1989 Chicago Bears season, The Bears quarterback problems
With McMahon gone, Tomczak started the season at quarterback, with Harbaugh backing him up. Ditka felt good enough about the duo that he did not keep a third quarterback on the active roster.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
First up for the Bears and starting quarterback Tomczak in 1989 were the defending AFC Champion Cincinnati Bengals at Soldier Field. It was the defending AFC Champs versus the NFC runners-up, and the Bears endured 20–17, despite Tomczak throwing an interception on his first pass attempt of the season. Defensive lineman Dan Hampton, playing in his 11th season, sacked Bengal quarterback Boomer Esiason twice and blocked a field goal attempt. He also displayed refreshing candor in his postgame interview. Asked to comment on fullback Brad Muster's fumble with 1:29 left in the game, Hampton said:


1989 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
If I had a knife, I would have stabbed him.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
The following week Chicago hosted the Minnesota Vikings, who had swept the Bears the previous season. The Bears and Vikings stayed close the first three quarters, with Chicago holding a 10–7 fourth-quarter lead. In the final period, the Bears busted out for four touchdowns, ultimately beating the visitors 38–7.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
The Bears moved to 3–0 with a win in the season's third week at Detroit, when the offense racked up 542 net yards and 47 points. The Bears' expected strong start set up a miracle match-up for ABC's Monday Night Football, as the 2–1 Philadelphia Eagles traveled to Soldier Field to face the undefeated Bears. The week preceding the game was filled with the drama of the Ditka-Buddy Ryan rivalry. Despite brash talk from Ryan, the Bears prevailed 27–13 and embarrassed the visitors on many fronts. Ditka used his usual sarcasm following the game, stating:


1989 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
I'm not surprised [about the 4–0 start], but I think a lot of people must be surprised, that we beat Cincinnati, Minnesota, Detroit and Philadelphia. We must be awfully lucky.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
Then they lost 10 of the last 12 games, for the worst record after a 4–0 start until the 2012 Arizona Cardinals lost 11 of their last 12 after winning four. One of the 10 losses came at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, The Bears led late in the game, but the Packer quarterback Don Majkowski threw a controversial game-winning touchdown pass to Sterling Sharpe to give the Packers a 14–13 win. The loss was so hard for Bears head coach Mike Ditka that in the 1990 Bears Media Guide, he put the game in the 1989 game-by-game results as the instant replay game.


1989 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
As a result of this season, the Chicago Bears were shown as being sued by a disgruntled fan in the L.A. Law episode "The Last Gasp."


1989 Chicago Bruisers season
The 1989 Chicago Bruisers season was the third and final season for the Chicago Bruisers. The Bruisers finished 1–3 and lost in the semi-finals to the Detroit Drive.


1989 Chicago Bruisers season, Roster
Rookies in italics updated March 11, 201319 Active, 0 Inactive, 0 PS


1989 Chicago Cubs season
The 1989 Chicago Cubs season was the 118th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 114th in the National League and the Cubs' 74th season at Wrigley Field. The Cubs were managed by Don Zimmer in his second season as manager and played their home games at Wrigley Field as members of Major League Baseball's National League East Division.


1989 Chicago Cubs season
The Cubs finished the season 93–69 to win the East Division for the second time in franchise history. The Cubs lost the National League Championship Series four games to one to the San Francisco Giants.


1989 Chicago Cubs season
The Cubs had All-Star seasons from Ryne Sandberg, Andre Dawson, Rick Sutcliffe, and Mitch Williams while Jerome Walton was the NL Rookie of the Year.


1989 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1989 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1989 Chicago Cubs season, NLCS, Game 5
The Giants made it to their first World Series since 1962 with a 3–2 win over the Cubs to win the 1989 National League pennant, four games to one. The final game pitted Mike Bielecki against a well-rested (due to his quick exit from Game 2) Rick Reuschel. Reuschel made amends for his poor start in Game 2 by giving up only one run over eight innings. The one run Reuschel gave up was an unearned run the Cubs scored when Walton reached on an error by Mitchell and then scored on Sandberg's double. The Cubs held the 1–0 lead until the seventh inning when Will Clark tripled and scored on Mitchell's sacrifice fly.


1989 Chicago Cubs season, NLCS, Game 5
The Cubs did rally, however, in the ninth with three straight singles that made it 3–2. But Sandberg grounded out sending the Giants to their first World Series since 1962.


1989 Chicago Marathon
The 1989 Chicago Marathon was the 12th running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on October 29. The elite men's race was won by Britain's Paul Davies-Hale in a time of 2:11:25 hours and the women's race was won by America's Lisa Rainsberger in 2:28:15. A total of 5635 runners finished the race.


1989 Chicago White Sox season
The 1989 Chicago White Sox season was the White Sox's 90th season. They finished with a record 69-92, good enough for 7th place in the American League West, 29.5 games behind of the 1st place Oakland Athletics.


1989 Chicago White Sox season, Offseason, Potential move to Florida
In July 1988, legislators from the State of Illinois narrowly approved a proposal for a new state-financed stadium and a lease deal that would save the team $60 million and kept the White Sox from moving to St. Petersburg, Florida. St. Petersburg has begun construction on an $80 million domed stadium.


1989 Chicago White Sox season, Offseason, Potential move to Florida
The club's principal owners, Jerry Reinsdorf and Eddie Einhorn, had said the team would move to St. Petersburg, Florida, for the 1989 season if the stadium proposal were not approved.


1989 Chicago White Sox season, Offseason, Potential move to Florida
The State Senate in Springfield passed the stadium bill by a 30-26 vote about 20 minutes before midnight, then sent it on to the General Assembly, where Gov. James Thompson was involved in political maneuvering on the last day the Legislature was in session.


1989 Chicago White Sox season, Offseason, Potential move to Florida
The money for the ball park, would come from a 2 percent city hotel-motel tax, estimated to be worth at least $8 million a year. The city would add $5 million annually in revenue-sharing funds, and the state would contribute $5 million in hotel-motel tax revenues.


1989 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases


1989 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts


1989 Chicago mayoral special election
The Chicago mayoral election of 1989 saw Democratic nominee Richard M. Daley win election to the remainder of an unexpired mayoral term with a 14% margin of victory. This marked a return for the Daley family to the office of mayor. Daley was elected over Alderman Timothy Evans, the nominee of the newly formed Harold Washington Party, and the Republican nominee Ed Vrdolyak.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election
The election was held two years earlier than the next regularly scheduled mayoral election due of the death in office of Harold Washington. Eugene Sawyer had been appointed Mayor by the City Council to serve until the special election. He was unseated by Daley in the Democratic primary.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Background
A lawsuit was filed by an anti-Sawyer coalition of black activists and several Harold Washington supporters demanding a special election be held as soon as possible.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Background
On May 5, 1988, Eugene Wachowski, judge of the Cook County Circuit Court, argued that a special election would be required to be held in 1989 on the basis of three previous rulings by Circuit, Appellate, and Supreme Court judges and by a 1978 legislative debate from when the Illinois General Assembly passed the then-current election law.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Richard M. Daley won the Democratic primary, defeating Eugene Sawyer, who had been appointed mayor by City Council following the death of Harold Washington. He also faced Sheila A. Jones and James C. Taylor (State Senator who had also been chief of staff in Jane Byrne's mayoral administration).


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
While Daley was considered a poor public speaker, and sometimes a timid campaigner, he ran an effective campaign. In 1983, he was widely viewed merely as the son of the former mayor Richard J. Daley. In 1987, he had crafted an image of a strong public administrator. Daley's campaign was run by two young consultants that had previously worked on Paul Simon's 1984 United States Senate campaign, David Wilhelm and David Axelrod. His deputy campaign manager was Julie Hamos. His fundraising was headed by John Schmidt and Paul Stepan. Avis LaVelle served as his campaign press spokesperson.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
One of Sawyer's first missteps was his choice for campaign leadership. Sawyer's campaign was managed by Louisiana political consultant Reynard Rochon. Rochon, being an outsider to Chicago politics, did not understand many important aspects of it. Additionally, Rochon spent much of his time managing campaign doing so remotely from New Orleans.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
A media consultant was brought from Boston to film campaign commercial's for Sawyer. Most of the ads filled were positive ads, highlighting the accomplishments of Sawyers brief tenure. However, there were a few ads that attacked Daley by portraying him as stupid and unable to complete a sentence on his own. The campaign overspent on media advertising and failed to spend enough on literature, field operations, and lawn signs.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
The African-American anti-Sawyer faction, whose members were responsible for the lawsuit that led to the special election being ordered, rallied around Evans, whom they viewed as the proper heir to Washington's political legacy.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
Evans' allies criticized Sawyer; one of them, such as Dorothy Tillman, called the mayor an "Uncle Tom." Another alderman in Evans' camp was Bobby Rush. In July 1988, after months of attacks on him, Sawyer retaliated in July 1988 by stripping them of their committee chairmanships in a City Council restructuring.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
African-American support was reported to be split between Sawyer and Evans before the latter was taken off of the ballot. Sawyer attempted to broker a deal to get Evans to withdraw from the primary, but in a stroke of luck for Sawyer, Evans was ultimately removed from the ballot.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
In December, Edward M. Burke withdrew from the race and endorsed Daley. Just under two weeks before the day of the primary, Alderman Lawrence S. Bloom withdrew his candidacy and endorsed Sawyer. Bloom had entered the race in September 1988 and had originally started his campaign near the front of the pack, benefiting from what the press referred to as a "squeaky clean" reputation.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Campaign
During the campaign, Daley and Sawyer avoided lodging personal attacks, and both called for racial harmony.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Results
Daley won a majority of the vote in 31 of the city's 50 wards, with Sawyer winning a majority of the vote in the remaining 19 wards.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Results
Voter turnout was 200,000 less in the primary than it had been in the regularly-scheduled mayoral primary two years prior. The decrease was even more pronounced in black neighborhoods than it had been in white neighborhoods.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Results
According to a The New York Times—WBBM-TV poll found that Daley received 91% of the white vote, to Sawyers 8%. It found, in contrast, that Sawyer received 94% of the black vote, to Daley's 5%. The poll also found that Jewish and Hispanic voters, who Sawyer had hoped to capture the support of, had strongly went for Daley. It found that Daley got 83% of the Jewish vote, to Sawyer's 15%. It also found that Daley got 84% of the Hispanic vote, to Sawyer's 15%. Additionally, the poll found that three-fourths of whites that had previously voted for Harold Washington voted for Daley.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Republican primary, Campaign
Less than two weeks before the day of the primary election, a movement emerged to draft 1987 Illinois Solidarity Party nominee Edward Vrdolyak as a write-in candidate for the Republican primary. Vrdolyak obliged, launching a last-minute a write-in campaign for the nomination only a week before the late February primary. He narrowly defeated Herbert Sohn. Sohn had held the backing of the Republican Party establishment.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Republican primary, Campaign
An additional candidate seeking the nomination, John Holowinski, had withdrawn from the race in late January. Former parks superintendent Edmund Kelly was another individual who was initially a candidate but withdrew before the primary.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Harold Washington Party nomination
Timothy C. Evans, who had been unable to run for the Democratic nomination due to issues regarding his petition, received the Harold Washington Party's nomination.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, Nominations, Independent candidates
Independent candidate Peter Davis Kauss saw his name excluded from the ballot due to issues with his petition.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results
Daley became the fifth (and, currently, the most recent) mayor to come from the city's Bridgeport neighborhood (after Edward J. Kelly, Martin H. Kennelly, Richard J. Daley, and Michael Bilandic).


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results
Daley carried a majority of the vote in 31 of the city's 50 wards, with Evans carrying a majority of the vote in the remaining 19 wards.


1989 Chicago mayoral special election, General election, Results
Vroldyak only saw double-digit percentage of the votes in the 10th ward, which he had previously represented as an alderman. Elsewhere he saw only single-digit percentage of the vote.


1989 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1989 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State University during the 1989 NCAA Division II football season. Chico State competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference in 1989.


1989 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1989 Wildcats were led by first-year head coach Gary Hauser. They played home games at University Stadium in Chico, California. Chico State finished the season with a record of six wins and four losses (6–4, 4–1 NCAC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 302–235 for the season.


1989 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL
No Chico State players were selected in the 1990 NFL Draft.


1989 Chilean constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Chile on 30 July 1989. The proposed changes to the constitution were approved by 87,7% of voters.


1989 Chilean constitutional referendum, Background
If approved, 54 constitutional reforms were to be implemented, among which the reform of the way that the Constitution itself could be reformed, the restriction of state of emergency dispositions, the affirmation of political pluralism, the strengthening of constitutional rights as well as of the democratic principle and participation to the political life.


1989 Chilean constitutional referendum, Background
The only parties to advocate a "No" vote were the Party of the South and the Chilean Socialist Party.


1989 Chilean constitutional referendum, Aftermath
Following the approval of the constitutional amendments, general elections were held in December. Patricio Aylwin was elected President with 55% of the vote, whilst the Concert of Parties for Democracy won a majority of elected seats in both chambers of the National Congress.


1989 Chilean constitutional referendum, Aftermath
Pinochet left office on 11 March 1990, transferring power to the new democratically elected president.


1989 Chilean general election
General elections were held in Chile on 14 December 1989, bringing an end to the military regime that had been in place since 1973. Patricio Aylwin of the Coalition of Parties for Democracy alliance was elected President, whilst the alliance also won a majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the elected Senate seats.


1989 Chilean general election
From the 1989 elections onwards the military had officially left the political future of the country to civilians to be elected. Pinochet did not endorse any candidate publicly. Former dictatorship minister Hernán Büchi ran for president as candidate of the two right-wing parties, RN and UDI. He had little political experience and was a relatively young (40 years) technocrat credited for Chile's good economic performance in the later half of the 1980s.


1989 Chilean general election
The right parties faced several problems in the elections: there was considerable infighting between RN and UDI, Büchi had only very reluctantly accepted to run for president and right-wing politicians struggled to define their position towards the Pinochet regime. In addition to this right-wing populist Francisco Javier Errázuriz Talavera ran independently for president and made several election promises Büchi could not match.


1989 Chilean general election
The centre-left coalition Concertación was rather united and confident. Its candidate Patricio Aylwin, a Christian Democrat, behaved as if he had won and refused a second television debate with Büchi. Büchi attacked Aylwin on a remark he had made concerning that inflation rate of 20% was not much and he also accused Aylwin of making secret agreements with the Communist Party of Chile, a party that was not part of Concertación. Aylwin spoke with strength about the need to clarify human rights violations but did not confront the dictatorship for it, in contrast Büchi as a regime collaborator lacked any credibility when dealing with human rights violations.


1989 Chilean general election
Büchi and Errázuriz lost to Patricio Aylwin. The electoral system meant that the largely Pinochet-sympathetic right was overrepresented in parliament in such way that it could block any reform to the constitution. This over-representation was crucial for UDI to obtain places in parliament and secure its political future. Pinochet declared himself to be satisfied with the election. The far-left and the far-right performed poorly in the election.


1989 Chilean grape scare
The Chilean grape scare was a 1989 incident involving two grapes from Chile allegedly found tainted with cyanide after a threat was supposedly made by phone to the US Embassy in Santiago. No additional contaminated fruit was found, but the United States Food and Drug Administration banned the import of Chilean fruit and warned people not to eat grapes or Chilean fruit despite the fact investigators found no traces of cyanide in any other fruit shipped from Chile to Philadelphia.


1989 Chilean grape scare, The scare
The individual who supposedly telephoned the U.S. embassy in Santiago on March 2 told them some Chilean grapes contained cyanide. No individual or group ever claimed responsibility for poisoning the two grapes or making the phone call. Just two grapes were said to have been injected with cyanide and the country's fruit export sector was thrown into panic. Table grapes are the leading Chilean agricultural export to the United States. Thousands of farm workers lost their jobs and the Government was forced to provide temporary subsidies to offset the more than $400 million in losses.


1989 Chilean grape scare, The doubts
Because cyanide is highly reactive and the fact that a punctured grape decomposes rapidly, it is not possible for a grape to be injected with cyanide (or anything else for that matter) and arrive in the U.S. intact, two to three weeks later. This fact led the GAO (General Accounting Office) to investigate to determine whether the scare was a result of poor laboratory processes. The investigation was inconclusive.


1989 Chilean grape scare, The doubts
The Military Chilean government suggested the scare was the work of local Marxist extremists. It was suggested that fumigation prior to shipping for export could have been the source of the trace amounts actually detected, as some standard fumigation agents in use contained cyanide. It may simply have been a hoax.


1989 Chinese Jia-A League
Statistics of the Chinese Jia-A League for the 1989 season.


1989 Chinese Jia-A League, Overview
It was contested by 8 teams, and China B won the championship.


1989 Chinese Taipei National Football League
Statistics of Chinese Taipei National Football League in the 1989 season.


1989 Chinese protests by region
The protests that occurred throughout the People's Republic of China in the early to middle months of 1989 mainly started out as memorials for former General Secretary Hu Yaobang. The political fall of Hu came immediately following the 1986 Chinese Student Demonstrations when he was removed by paramount leader Deng Xiaoping for being too liberal in his policies. Upon Hu's death on April 15, 1989, large gatherings of people began forming across the country.


1989 Chinese protests by region
Most media attention was put onto the Beijing citizens who participated in the Tiananmen Square Protests, however, every other region in China had cities with similar demonstrations. The origins of these movements gradually became forgotten in some places and some regions began to demonstrate based on their own problems with their Provincial and Central Governments.


1989 Chinese protests by region
The protests would align at times with the largest demonstrations in Beijing, and most were affected by the military crackdown in the nation's capital. Many of the sources for these events are from leaked government documents, Chinese dissidents, or reports from foreigners who were in China at the time. The following is a list of cities by region outside of Beijing that had protests of their own.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Hohhot
Students in Hohhot, ranging at times up to 3,000 people, started protesting between May 11 and May 14, 1989, demanding inflation control, governmental corruption reforms, and better funding for education. Many also asked for information regarding possible shady dealings being done by the region's most senior Party official, Ulanfu.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Hohhot
On May 19 roughly 10,000 students were still taking to the streets. By May 22 most demonstrations began to decline in numbers. Students would still remain on strike for the next four days with less than a third staying on campuses.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Hohhot
Anger towards Premier Li Peng once again riled students in Hohhot on May 29, and approximately 4,000 marched in the city demanding his resignation.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Hohhot
Students and teachers marched in a crowd of 4,000 when they heard of the June 4, massacre in Beijing. Chanting slogans about revenge, they were greeted by roughly 10,000 citizens when they reached the city's main square.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang saw its first student demonstrations with the release of the April 26 Editorial. Four days later a report came to the central government warning that the students in the city were becoming more rebellious.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Shijiazhuang
On May 17, 1989, roughly 10,000 students and 200 journalists marched in support of the Beijing students and demanded dialogue and freedom of the press. Later in the day, 5,000 broke off and were able to get into the provincial government buildings and present their petitions to the authorities. The next day, May 18, saw some government employees, medical staff, and high school students join in the protests and the total crowds of marchers and onlookers swelled to about 150,000.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Taiyuan
Student demonstrations began in Taiyuan after the April 26 Editorial. After the failed Yuan Mu dialogue on April 29, 1989, the protests were reported to the central government as becoming more rebellious in nature on April 30.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Taiyuan
After a declaration by Beijing student leaders on May 4 most students around the country returned for classes except for many in Taiyuan who were in the midst of protesting a remark made by a city official. Five days later approximately 5,000 students sat in near the provincial government offices demanding to talk to party official Wang Senhao after a failed dialogue on May 8.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Taiyuan
On May 10 a major event happened when demonstrators interrupted opening ceremonies for an international economic technology conference, import-export fair, and an art and culture festival. The students’ slogans drew the interest of some of the onlookers and the total crowd is estimated to have reached 20,000. Once again demanding to meet Wang Senhao, the students went to the outside the provincial buildings and tried to enter them three times. That evening students returned to their campuses when they were promised that they would be able to meet with the governor at a later time.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Taiyuan
The local government followed through on May 15 when, after a crowd of 10,000 had gathered once more outside of the provincial buildings. Wang Senhao and other officials met with 33 student representatives. After students made their major point, that the luxury in which the new government buildings had been suited with was a waste of money, Wang agreed to additional talks with students. This ended the demonstrations for the evening.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Taiyuan
Three days later on May 18 roughly 230 hunger strikers had been fasting for two days and demonstrator numbers reached 30,000. That morning saw violence break out near the provincial government building when some people threw bricks at the police lightly injuring over 80 police and another 8 people. Roughly 60 people were arrested due to this. Later that day over 130,000 marchers took to the streets chanting anti-Chairman Deng Xiaoping and President Yang Shangkun slogans.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Taiyuan
From May 20 to May 22, in reaction to the declaration of martial law in Beijing, students created propaganda teams to try an elicit additional aid from workers, with a reported 1,000 students going to a steel company to distribute pamphlets. Three days later on May 25, the first workers started to march in demand of the resignation of Li Peng.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Taiyuan
In reaction to the crackdown in Beijing on June 4, students numbering around 4,000 marched with banners with slogans demanding justice for those killed in the nation's capital.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Tianjin
On the evening of April 15, after the death of Hu Yaobang, approximately 2,000 students marched in mourning around the campus of Nankai University in Tianjin. On April 17 and 18, 1989, students were mostly confined to the campus of the university,  however, by April 24, students at Nankai had begun to boycott classes. They marched in crowds that gathered to over 20,000 and now carried banners and signs. Large student protests occurred again to the April 26 Editorial two days later.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Tianjin
These student protests would carry on into the Yuan Mu debate which sparked other demonstrations across the country. According to a report the next day on April 3, more posters were seen in Nankai University after these two incidents and roughly half of the student population was now boycotting classes.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Tianjin
According to Robert C. Cosbey, who was teaching at Nankai in 1989, between the Yuan dialogue and May 16, some student protests managed to gather as many as 50,000 additional onlookers.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in North China, Tianjin
On May 25, Tianjin saw even more protests not just by students, but by intellectuals and writers. These protests were again viewed by over 50,000 onlookers.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Changchun
Some of the earliest demonstrations to have at least occurred in Changchun were in response to the April 26 Editorial. Roughly 3,000 students from Jilin University, and other universities, began to hold a sit-in demanding that officials talk with them. Eventually, the crowd was dispersed peacefully by police, party, and education officials.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Changchun
After the failed dialogue between Yuan Mu and several Beijing student leaders, students in Changchun took to the streets on April 29, 1989. Students would continue to march on May 19 in numbers of around 10,000,  and two days later tried to garner support from workers at a nearby automobile factory.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Changchun
Changchun citizens reacted to the June 4 crackdown in Beijing by marching in numbers of around 4,000 and chanted about their shock at the violence.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Harbin
The capital of Heilongjiang saw around 9,000 students demonstrate in front of the provincial government buildings on May 15, 1989. They declared their support for the student protests in Beijing and demanded that the governor of the province, Shao Qihui, come out to for dialogue. After a long standoff with police, the vice governor came out to try and pacify the crowd by taking the petition and said that the governor would talk with them on May 20. The students, unhappy with this, continued to demand Shao come out until he finally did. Unable to immediately appease the students, dialogue between the demonstrators and the governor went on well into the night.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Harbin
After several days of continuous protesting, May 17 saw the student protesters in Harbin numbering at 25,000, nearly half of the entire student population in the city. Participants started to see the movement as more than just temporary and started to create their own autonomous student organizations and prepared for their own hunger strikes.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Harbin
By May 31 things managed to settle down in the city and students started to calm down. In Heilongjiang University officials made an agreement with the student federation to continue their operation and the federation, in good will, recalled students from Beijing.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Harbin
As early as the night of June 3 people in Harbin started to hear about the military crackdown in Beijing. The next day more than 7,000 protesters took to the streets mourning those that died in Beijing all the meanwhile chanting anti-Li Peng slogans.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Shenyang
Two days after it first broadcast in Shenyang, the April 26 Editorial drew enough ire from students that the city saw its first major demonstrations. These demonstrations sparked again when the Yuan Mu dialogue was televised.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northeast China, Shenyang
After four consecutive days of demonstrations, more than 20,000 students marched on May 17, 1989. More spectators began to watch the students as well, with nearly 10,000 onlookers in Shenyang's Zhongshan Square alone. At the end of the day, onlookers around the students at the government buildings reportedly number at around 100,000.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Lanzhou
One of the earliest instances of student protest in Lanzhou was in response to the inconclusive televised discussion between Yuan Mu and the Beijing student leaders on April 29, 1989.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Lanzhou
On May 9 roughly 3,000 students protested after a number of dialogues that individual campuses had with party officials and demanded a unified dialogue. Reportedly around 1,000 of these students, when conducting a sit-in outside of the Gansu provincial building, tried to break into the building itself. They were stopped by several rows of police, but not before seven police officers were injured.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Lanzhou
By May 29 around 100 students were encamped in the main square of the city but were reportedly exhausted and looked like they were going to give up.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Lanzhou
After hearing the news about the crackdown in Beijing, more than 3,000 students and teachers began to protest again in Lazhou in the early morning of June 4. Many separate groups comprising around 1,000 people chose to protest by lying down on train tracks going out of the city to try and shut down transportation.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Ürümqi
The city of Ürümqi saw a minor demonstration between May 11 to May 15, 1989, when over 100 uranium miners staged a sit-in, partially in support of Beijing students, but mostly over concerns about radiation sickness and the government's apathy to it. The provincial government eventually did talk to them and assuaged their worries which ended the affair with the miners going home peacefully.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Ürümqi
When they heard of the crackdown in Beijing, about 100 students in Ürümqi conducted a sit-in outside of the government building on June 5.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
Official reports sent to the central government suggest that student mourning of Hu Yaobing started as early as April 15, 1989 in Xi'an. Joseph Esherick, who was teaching in Xi’an at the time, noted that students from Northwest, Shaanxi Normal, and Jiaotong universities were gathering in small groups. The next day the Shaanxi Party Committee remarked that roughly 10,000 people were gathering daily and that the crowds included not just students but workers, officials, and other residents of Xi’an. The subject matter that the marchers were discussing was also starting to include topics such as inflation, salaries, and housing problems.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
On April 20 a large crowd of 10,000 students broke into the Provincial Government's Office area and demanded to talk to the governor. One of their main demands was an explanation of why Hu Yaobang had been forced to resign two years earlier. Police that had already been stationed there earlier managed to hold them off. After several hours with no dialogue, the students returned to their campuses and the remaining crowds left when it began to rain.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
The April 22 Incident originally started as a gathering of roughly 40,000 people who were gathered in New City Square, outside the Provincial Government Building, to watch a live feed of Hu Yaobang's funeral. Pushing back and forth between protestors and police occurred with some of the crowd angry that they could not tell if a petition concerning Hu Yaobang's resignation was accepted by the Provincial Government. Several rocks were thrown from the crowd at the police. The police responded by hitting crowd members with leather belts.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
Soon after this, a police vehicle with a tarp on it was set on fire and a few hours later the front gates were as well. At some point during the day some student's wreaths were received by the government and provincial governor, Hu Zongbin, even showed up. It was around this time that police in the square became more aggressive as their members who had riot gear charged the crowd with batons. By 5 p.m. most students had left the square but many private employees who finished work were brought into the melee as they passed the square.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
Some reports suggest that some officers and party cadres tried to halt the violence, but they were ignored. Roughly around 7 p.m. several hundred people broke into, and burned, several buildings to the west of the provincial government. One high official from these buildings was reported to have asked the police to cease violence against the protestors. An hour later police managed to clear and close down the main square. At the same time some members of the crowd fled into a nearby clothing store. The government would later say that any police brutality that occurred in the store was in response to looters that had went in there. Although many photos and eyewitnesses attested to the violence in Xi’an on April 22, no official account acknowledges any casualties.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
On April 24 another incident occurred during one of the demonstrations wherein there was reportedly “beating, smashing, robbing, and burning.” Around 270 people were taken into custody, and after preliminary interrogation, 106 were released.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
An official account of the April 22 Incident was released on April 28, which downplayed the violence and causes of the incident. This caused resentment among many people throughout the city, with anti-Deng Xiaoping posters being seen on university campuses in the city.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
With around 12,000 marchers on May 4, the students in Xi’an demanded the accusatory remarks made in the newspapers about the April 22 incident be redacted and that the government come to speak with the students. Shaanxi Province vice governor Sun Daren was reported to have come out and talked with some of them.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
By May 17, students were again demonstrating with large posters sporting various slogans expressing their discontent, and demands, of the central government. An estimated 2,000 students departed at some point during the day by train to Beijing to join with the student movement there.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
After the May 20 declaration of martial law in Beijing by the Central Government, many students in Xi’an began to return to their institutions or homes in fear of government repression. However, among the most ardent students, large protests started when rumours started floating around about several Xi’an students being killed in the nation's capital. Six days later on May 26 roughly 10,000 students rallied and called for public freedoms as well as establishing a province wide autonomous student federation.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xi’an
The reactions to the June 4 crackdown in Beijing saw groups, ranging from several hundred to 2,000 participants, in Xi’an marching to express their grief. Additional demonstrations would occur over the following days and it was not until June 11 that the Xi’an government cracked down on these.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xining
Xining was one of two cities to have reportedly had student demonstrations during the May 3, 1989, lull. Likewise on May 5, while students around the country had started to return to class after a declaration from Beijing student leaders, those in Xining continued to stay out of class in protest of a report printed by the local newspaper.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Xining
Several weeks later on May 26, 15 students who had returned from Beijing staged their own hunger strike in front of the provincial government building in an attempt to garner more support for demonstrations.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Yinchuan
Some of Ningxia’s first major protests to have occurred were in Yinchuan with students angrily responding to the April 26 Editorial.


1989 Chinese protests by region, Protests in Northwest China, Yinchuan
On May 28 numbers dropped drastically when only 3,000 students took to the streets. A similar number of people would march again, this time with wreaths and banners, when they heard the news about the June 4 crackdown in Beijing.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Fuzhou
On May 4 several thousand students marched through Fuzhou. The marchers carried few banners, but were heard to be chanting anti-corruption and pro-China chants. The marchers, students from Fujian Teacher's University and Fuzhou University, went to the Provincial Party Headquarters. Once there, they found the building closed off and surround by police. Although there were some brief moments of pushing back and forth between the crowd and police, most of the crowd left after a few hours without incident.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Fuzhou
From May 16 to May 18 the demonstrations in Fuzhou increased in sizes to over 10,000 but remained peaceful.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Fuzhou
By May 20, with the declaration of martial law in Beijing, those students in Fuzhou who were especially upset with the Central Government blocked an express train to Beijing. This crowd of approximately 1,000 also demanded to see provincial Vice-governor Chen Mingyi, but after five hours of waiting they dispersed. On May 27, a group of protesters reportedly blocked a bridge that spans the Min River for roughly one hour.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Fuzhou
In reaction to the military crackdown in Beijing on June 4, people marched in the thousands towards Fuzhou city centre. The next day marchers became more organized with elaborate banners expressing grief.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hangzhou
Protests in Hangzhou were sporadic until April 27, 1989, the day after the April 26 editorial. Another large reaction by Hangzhou students to the central government was after the Yuan Mu dialogue of April 29.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hangzhou
May 4 saw even larger student demonstrations when around 10,000 students marched demanding liberalization of the press, controls on inflation, and the removal of corrupt officials. At the same time, Party members in Hangzhou were explicitly told not to fraternize with the students, including the offering of any food or water like other Hangzhou citizens.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hangzhou
Demonstrations started again on May 14 with 2,000 people also marching through to May 16 and another 40 beginning a hunger strike in solidarity with students in Beijing. By the evening of May 17 the number of hunger strikers grew to several hundred.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hangzhou
On May 18, officials including Party Committee Secretary Li Zemin (not to be confused with Jiang Zemin) and Governor Shen Zulun visited the hunger strikers and implored them to end their fast. The China Daily was reported to have said that around 100,000 people either participated in, or watched, the demonstrations.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hangzhou
Partially in response to the declaration of martial law in Beijing, and lack of local government action, workers began striking on May 23 and demonstrated alongside students. The same day also saw 300 students renounced their membership from the Communist Youth League by destroying their membership cards. On May 26, some city newspapers ran urgent pleas from the government for students to return to classes,  but 5,000 students still went to Wulin Square and announced that they would demonstrate until the very end.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hangzhou
By May 27, however, most students went back to classes, with the only notable exception of many from Hangzhou University. Li Zemin would demand on June 1 that the boycotts by the students end.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hangzhou
Reports from Hangzhou suggest that the ordinary protests changed with the June 4 Beijing crackdown. Trains and traffic were said to have been intermittently halted due to resulting protests.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hefei
Some of the earliest student demonstrations to have occurred in Hefei started on the evening of April 25, 1989, with the broadcasting of the April 26 Editorial. By April 27 the demonstrations started to pick up momentum with large crowds participating.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hefei
On May 17 over 10,000 students, teachers, and writers started marching demanding internal government reform. Students from the Chinese University of Science and Technology, who had participated in the 1986 protests, also joined in saying they would be silenced no longer.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Hefei
Roughly 3,000 students and 400 workers and demobilized soldiers demonstrated during a Great Chinese Protest Day demonstration on May 28. Four days later on June 1 another 1,500 students would march in a show of solidarity with students in Shanghai. On the same day another 300 would pay homage to a student who died by falling under a train on his way back from Tiananmen Square.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Jinan
One of the earliest demonstrations reported from Jinan, which happened on April 27, 1989, was due to the April 26 Editorial. By at least May 18 thousands were marching in Jinan in support of the Beijing students and demonstrated about problems in their own province.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Jinan
On May 24 for the first time in the city roughly 1,000 workers went on strike. A day later an estimated 10,000 students, workers, and citizens marched. May 25, also saw students try to force their way onto trains that were now off limits to them.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Jinan
On June 4 over 4,000 students marched in Jinan holding wreaths and mourned for the deaths in Beijing. Reportedly, they painted anti-Li Peng slogans on public transport vehicles like buses.


1989 Chinese protests by region, East China, Nanjing
April 17, 1989, saw a petition to the police from roughly 10,000 students from different campuses across Nanjing for permission to march in mourning of Hu Yaobang’s death. The police response was to ask students to not to protest citing difficulty in maintaining public order. Although the students acquiesced to this, the Public Security Department still expected demonstrations to occur.