1989 European Tour
The 1989 European Tour was the 18th official season of golf tournaments known as the PGA European Tour. It marked the tour's first visit to Asia, with the inaugural Karl Litten Desert Classic.


1989 European Tour
The Order of Merit was won by Northern Ireland's Ronan Rafferty.


1989 European Tour, Schedule
The table below shows the 1989 European Tour schedule which was made up of 33 tournaments counting for the Order of Merit, and ten non-counting "Approved Special Events". There were several changes from the previous season, with the addition of the Tenerife Open, the Dubai Desert Classic, the Volvo Open Championship, the Murphy's Cup (an approved special event), the BMW International Open and the Catalan Open, which replaced the cancelled Barcelona Open. A renewal of the Europcar Cup, a team event which debuted in 1988, was planned but was ultimately cancelled.


1989 European Tour, Order of Merit
The PGA European Tour's money list was known as the "Volvo Order of Merit". It was based on prize money earned during the season and calculated in Pound sterling.


1989 European Weightlifting Championships
The 1989 European Weightlifting Championships were held in Athens, Greece from September 16 to September 23, 1989. This was the 68th edition of the event. There were 136 men in action from 23 nations. This tournament was a part of 1989 World Weightlifting Championships. The women competition were held in Manchester, United Kingdom. It was the 2nd event for the women.


1989 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 17th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Brussels.


1989 European Wrestling Championships
The 1989 European Wrestling Championships were held in the men's Freestyle style in Ankara 12 – 14 May 1989; the Greco-Romane style in Oulu 5 – 7 May 1989.


1989 FA Charity Shield
The 1989 FA Charity Shield (also known as the Tennent's FA Charity Shield for sponsorship reasons) was the 67th Charity Shield, an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup. It was held at Wembley Stadium on 12 August 1989. The match was contested by Arsenal, champions of the 1988–89 Football League and Liverpool, who beat Everton in the final of the 1988–89 FA Cup. Watched by a crowd of 63,149, Liverpool won the match 1–0.


1989 FA Charity Shield
This was Arsenal's 10th Shield appearance and Liverpool's 14th. The two clubs had met in the last game of the previous season, in a title decider at Anfield which Arsenal won 2–0 with a late goal from Michael Thomas. Both clubs also faced each other in the Makita International Tournament at Wembley the previous month; Arsenal won the match 1–0. Journalists previewing the game argued this year's Shield had lost its spectacle given Liverpool's recent successes in the event as well as the prospect of Arsenal beating Liverpool for a third time.


1989 FA Charity Shield
New signing Glenn Hysén made his competitive debut for Liverpool and Ian Rush started ahead of fellow striker John Aldridge. For Arsenal, Gus Caesar replaced Steve Bould in the starting team. The only goal of the match came in the first half – a long ball from Barry Venison floated around the Arsenal defence and found Peter Beardsley in the penalty area to score. Afterwards Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish spoke of his delight at his team's performance and the Arsenal manager George Graham was complimentary of his opponents.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Background
The FA Charity Shield was founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield. It was a contest between the respective champions of the Football League and Southern League, which then became an event for select teams of amateur and professional players by 1913. In 1921, it was played between the Football League champions and FA Cup winners for the first time; this became standard practise from 1930. Wembley Stadium acted as the host of the Shield from 1974.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Background
Arsenal qualified for the 1989 FA Charity Shield as winners of the 1988–89 Football League First Division. The team played Liverpool at Anfield in the final game of the season and needed to win by two clear goals to be crowned champions. Alan Smith scored for Arsenal early in the second half to make it 1–0, and Michael Thomas's goal with seconds left of the match ensured the team won the league title. Liverpool, days before the league encounter with Arsenal, defeated Everton to win the 1989 FA Cup Final which meant they obtained the other Charity Shield place.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Background
This was Arsenal's first appearance in the Charity Shield in 10 years; prior to the game they had won seven Shields (1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948 and 1953), and lost three (1935, 1936 and 1979). By contrast, Liverpool had won seven previous Shields outright (1966, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1980, 1982 and 1988), shared two with Manchester United (1965 and 1977) and one apiece with Everton (1986) and West Ham United (1984). The club was runners-up in three Shields (1971, 1983 and 1984).


1989 FA Charity Shield, Pre-match
This was the second time in a fortnight that Arsenal and Liverpool had played each other; at the end of July, the two teams competed in the Makita International Tournament at Wembley. Arsenal won the game by a single goal to win the tournament and then on their pre-season travels beat Argentinian champions Independiente. The spectacle of the Charity Shield was lost on certain football journalists previewing the match, because of Liverpool's recent successes in the Shield as well as the prospect of Arsenal beating Liverpool for a third time in succession. David Lacey wrote in The Guardian of 12 August 1989: "The FA Charity Shield is now more of a pre-season finale than a pipe opener for the main event," and Stuart Jones of The Times went further in his assessment of its decline:


1989 FA Charity Shield, Pre-match
Whereas it was once an eagerly-awaited showpiece, it resembles in the modern age little more than another public training exercise for sides who are increasingly being invited to practise for the season in more lucrative and prestigious events on foreign fields.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Pre-match
Liverpool striker Ian Rush, who in the previous season sustained a knee injury and was treated for shingles and hepatitis, said before the match: "I'm in great shape. Fitter than I have been since I came back from Italy."


1989 FA Charity Shield, Match, Team selection
Arsenal were without injured defender Steve Bould, but Nigel Winterburn returned to full action, as did Brian Marwood – he recovered from a successful Achilles tendon operation. Manager George Graham deployed a 5–3–2 formation; Gus Caesar was brought into the defence to replace Bould.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Match, Team selection
Liverpool had no injury concerns for the game other than long-term absentee Gary Gillespie; New signing Glenn Hysén made his competitive debut for the club and striker John Aldridge was named on the substitutes bench; manager Kenny Dalglish lined the team up in a 4–4–2 formation. Alan Hansen, who had missed Liverpool's final nine matches of the previous season, was restored as captain.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Match, Summary
Liverpool created the first chance of the game in the 20th minute. A pass from John Barnes sent Steve Nicol clear to shoot, but his effort saw the ball roll wide of the far post. Liverpool created a further opportunity six minutes after – from a free-kick delivered by Barnes on the left, Rush managed to outjump his marker and head the ball in the direction of the Arsenal goal. It however hit the near post and rebounded in the direction of Arsenal goalkeeper John Lukic.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Match, Summary
Minutes after the half-hour mark, Liverpool scored the opening goal – a long ball from Barry Venison went behind the Arsenal defence and reached Peter Beardsley. Unimpeded, he controlled the ball and shot it with his right foot to score. Arsenal's Kevin Richardson missed a chance to level the scoreline after good play by Lee Dixon; from outside the penalty box he scuffed his shot and the ball went over the crossbar.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Match, Summary
Liverpool continued to dominate proceedings in the second half; The Observer football correspondent Frank McGhee noted Arsenal's "obvious need for a more adventurous approach." The club's fans demanded Marwood's introduction to the match, and in the 58th minute the player came on for Caesar. This meant Arsenal's formation was tweaked to 4–4–2, with a flat back four defence. Arsenal found it hard to contain the Liverpool attack; Lukic saved an effort from Beardsley one-handed, but only could turn the ball out for a corner. A pass by Ronnie Whelan managed to split the Arsenal defence and find Nicol; Winterburn however put an end to the move with a tackle. David Burrows's attempt on goal was blocked by O'Leary later on and Lukic did enough to save Rush's shot with his legs.


1989 FA Charity Shield, Post-match
Dalglish was pleased with Liverpool's game and told the press: "The most important thing is that we got our own standard of football right. We were the better team in all departments and we know that if we get it right then we will be there or thereabouts." Hysén, the man of the match, said of his centre-back partner Hansen: "It is so easy playing alongside Alan. He tells you where to go and what position to take up." He saw similarities with Liverpool and playing for a national team: "The standards are so amazingly high. I just want to win things with them."


1989 FA Charity Shield, Post-match
Graham praised his opponents – "There is no need to take anything away from Liverpool because they were terrific", and felt his team could have been more clinical. He described Arsenal's performance as "below par" and was upbeat about the season ahead: "This might have done us the world of good. We will be all right by next week – don't worry about that."


1989 FA Cup Final
The 1989 FA Cup Final was the final of the 1988–89 FA Cup, the top football knockout competition in England. The match was a Merseyside derby between Liverpool and Everton, played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 20 May 1989. Liverpool won 3–2 after extra time, with goals from John Aldridge and two from Ian Rush. Stuart McCall scored both Everton goals.


1989 FA Cup Final
The final was played only five weeks after the Hillsborough disaster, in which 96 Liverpool fans were killed in a crush, and before kick-off there was a minute's silence and the teams wore black armbands as a sign of respect. Gerry Marsden, lead singer of Gerry & the Pacemakers, led the crowd in a rendition of his hit "You'll Never Walk Alone", which had become synonymous with Liverpool Football Club.


1989 FA Cup Final, Summary
Liverpool took the lead in the match after four minutes through John Aldridge, and held onto that lead until the ninetieth minute, when Everton substitute Stuart McCall equalised, and a pitch invasion by Everton fans ensued. McCall had scored just once for Everton before the FA Cup final, having joined them from Bradford City at the start of the season.


1989 FA Cup Final, Summary
McCall's goal was the last kick of the 90 minutes and the match went into extra time. On 95 minutes, Liverpool substitute Ian Rush scored with a half-volley on the turn to give Liverpool a 2–1 lead. Everton again equalised five minutes later when McCall scored his second, chesting and volleying past Bruce Grobbelaar and into the corner of the net, becoming the first substitute to score twice in a final. However, Rush – who had scored twice in Liverpool's 3–1 win in the first Merseyside derby Final three years earlier – scored his second goal in the 104th minute, with a header from a floated John Barnes cross.


1989 FA Cup Final, Summary
Liverpool had continued their domination of the English game (they were league champions in 1988 and runners-up in 1987), but Everton had declined since their 1987 title triumph and finished sixth in the league in 1989.


1989 FA Cup Final, Summary
UEFA voted for the ban on English clubs in European competitions to continue for a fifth season, ruling out Liverpool's hopes of competing in the Cup Winners' Cup – although they were still in contention for the league title at this stage, and ultimately were only deprived of the title (and a unique second double) by a last-gasp goal in their final game of the season.


1989 FA Cup Final, Summary
Liverpool striker Ian Rush had now scored four goals in FA Cup finals (both two-goal hauls against Everton) and was one of 11 players (five for Liverpool) to have featured in both of the all-Merseyside FA Cup finals. Stuart McCall made FA Cup history when he became the first substitute to score 2 goals in an FA Cup final. However, Ian Rush matched the feat two minutes later.


1989 FA Vase Final
The 1989 FA Vase Final was contested by Sudbury Town and Tamworth at Wembley in London in front of a record 26,487 crowd for an FA Vase Final. The original match, played on 6 May 1989, finished 1–1. Tamworth won the replay at London Road in Peterborough on 10 May, 3–0.


1989 FA Vase Final, Route to the final
The FA Vase is an annual football competition for teams playing below Step 4 of the English National League System.


1989 FA Vase Final, Route to the final, Tamworth
Tamworth began their cup run with a home tie against Southern Football League Midland Division rivals Bridgnorth Town. They won the game 2-1 with goals coming from Mark Stanton and Russell Gordon. Former Tottenham Hotspur, Stoke City and Bolton Wanderers striker, Ian Moores, joined the club in February and made his Vase debut in the semi-final against North Ferriby United. Captain Andy Foote snapped his hamstring on the Thursday before the final and was replaced by Steve Cartwright.


1989 FA Vase Final, Route to the final, Sudbury Town
Under a new management team of Don James and Martin Head, Sudbury Town had reached the semi-finals of the Vase in the previous year. Against a difficult set of opponents on their route to the final in the 1988-89 season, they only conceded one goal, a penalty scored by March Town in the third round. In the fourth round game, away against Beazer Homes League Southern League Hounslow, Mick Money was sent off after an hour but Sudbury held on for a 1-0 win.


1989 FA Vase Final, Route to the final, Sudbury Town
In the fifth round, they beat Rossendale United who in the fourth round had beaten last year's finalists, Emley, who in turn had knocked out the previous year's winners, Colne Dynamoes. A record home crowd of 4,320 saw a 6-0 victory over Hungerford Town in the second leg of the semi-final to see the team reach Wembley.


1989 FA Vase Final, Match details, Summary
In the final at Wembley, Dave Hubbick opened the scoring for Sudbury with a header after 6 minutes, following a cross by Bryan Klug. In the thirteenth minute, Klug had a corner cleared off the goal-line and Dean Barker's follow up shot was blocked. Marlin Devaney equalised for Tamworth after half-time. Martin Myers on the right-hand side for Tamworth was effective and led Sudbury to make a double substitution.


1989 FA Vase Final, Match details, Summary
The game went to extra-time and when the whistle was blown after the first 15 minutes of extra-time, Mike Henry threw a punch at Russell Gordon and, although the referee did not see it, the linesman ran on to the pitch and Henry was sent off. Sudbury's man of the match, according to the East Anglian Daily Times, was Hubbick. The players climbed the steps of Wembley to be presented to chief guest Pat Jennings.


1989 FA Vase Final, Match details, Summary
Linesmen:Mr C. J . Henderson (Ripley)Mr D. M. Charmley (Failsworth)


1989 FAMAS Awards
The 37th FAMAS Awards Ceremony presented by the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences, honored the best in Filipino film for 1988.


1989 FAMAS Awards
For the first time in the history of FAMAS, the Best Picture was divided into three categories. Best Picture, Best Comedy Picture and Best Action Picture. Ibulong Mo sa Diyos won for the drama category, Enteng the Dragon for comedy and Chinatown: Sa Kuko ng Dragon for Action. On the other hand, Vilma Santos won her fifth Famas Best Actress Award.


1989 FIA European Formula 3 Cup
The 1989 FIA European Formula Three Cup was the fifth European Formula Three Cup race and the first to be held at the Misano World Circuit on October 15, 1989. The race was won by Italian Gianni Morbidelli, driving for Forti Corse outfit, who finished ahead of fellow Italians Antonio Tamburini and Giovanni Bonanno.


1989 FIBA Americas Championship for Women
The 1989 FIBA Americas Championship for Women, was the first FIBA Americas Championship for Women regional basketball championship held by FIBA Americas, which also served as Americas qualifier for the 1990 FIBA World Championship for Women, granting berths to the top four teams in the final standings. It was held in Brazil between 6 August and 13 August 1989. Eight national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Americas, the sport's regional governing body. The city of São Paulo hosted the tournament. Cuba won their first title after defeating hosts Brazil in the final.


1989 FIBA Americas Championship for Women, Final standings
The United States already qualified for the World Championship by virtue of winning the 1988 Olympics.


1989 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
The 1989 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship (known at that time as 1989 European Championship for Cadets) was the 10th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. The cities of Guadalajara, Tarancón and Cuenca, in Spain, hosted the tournament. Greece won the trophy for the first time.


1989 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, Preliminary round
The twelve teams were allocated in two groups of six teams each.


1989 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four
The 1989 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four was the 1988–89 season's FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four tournament, organized by FIBA Europe.


1989 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four
Jugoplastika won its first title, after defeating Maccabi Elite Tel Aviv in the final game.


1989 FIBA European Championship for Cadettes
The 1989 FIBA European Championship for Cadettes was the 8th edition of the European basketball championship for U16 women's teams, today known as FIBA U16 Women's European Championship. 12 teams featured in the competition, held in Timișoara, Romania, from 5 to 12 August 1989.


1989 FIBA European Championship for Cadettes
Czechoslovakia won their first and only title before their dissolution four years later. It was the first time that a team other than the Soviet Union won the title.


1989 FIBA European Championship for Cadettes, Preliminary round
In the Preliminary Round, the twelve teams were allocated in two groups of six teams each. The top two teams of each group advanced to the semifinals. The third and fourth place of each group qualified for the 5th-8th playoffs. The last two teams of each group qualified for the 9th-12th playoffs.


1989 FIBA European Super Cup
The 1989 FIBA European Super Cup was the 2nd edition of the FIBA European Super Cup for men's professional basketball clubs.


1989 FIBA European Super Cup
In this second edition of the competition, which faced Jugoplastika, champions of the 1988–89 FIBA European Champions Cup, and Real Madrid, champions of the 1988–89 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup, was due to take place on 26 September and on 3 October 1989, but finally was suspended and not organized by the late appearance of Jugoplastika, claiming the Yugoslav club was unwilling to make an economic effort for the trip (despite A month earlier to play the ACEB International Tournament), for a competition still young, so that Real Madrid (who was willing to play) would be proclaimed champion for the final appearance of the rival, although the tournament was suspended and not recorded in FIBA competitions, and Real Madrid was never given officially the trophy.


1989 FIBA Oceania Championship
The FIBA Oceania Championship for Men 1989 was the qualifying tournament of FIBA Oceania for the 1990 FIBA World Championship. The tournament, a best-of-three series between  Australia and  New Zealand, was held in Sydney. Australia won the series 2–0.


1989 FIBA Oceania Championship for Women
The FIBA Oceania Championship for Women 1989 was the qualifying tournament of FIBA Oceania for the 1990 FIBA World Championship for Women. The tournament, a best-of-three series between  Australia and  New Zealand, was held in Auckland, New Zealand. Australia won the series 3–0.


1989 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women
The 1989 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women (Spanish: 1989 Campeonato Mundial FIBA Sub-19 Femenino) took place in Spain from 23 to 30 July 1989. It was co-organised by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) and Spanish Basketball Federation.


1989 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women
Twelve national teams competed for the championship. Soviet Union came away with the Gold medal by defeating Yugoslavia 109-93 in the final.


1989 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women, Competing nations
Except Spain, which automatically qualified as the host nation, the 11 remaining countries qualified through their continents’ qualifying tournaments:


1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship
The 1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship was the first ever FIFA Futsal World Championship, the quadrennial international futsal championship contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It was held between 5 and 15 January 1989 in the Netherlands. It was the first non-Olympic FIFA tournament held in the country.


1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship, Participants
16 countries were invited to participate to the tournament. 6 from Europe, 3 from South America, 2 from North America, Africa and Asia respectively and 1 from Oceania.


1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship, Venues
Holland has many hundreds of sports halls. The KNVB's organizing committee has picked five of the largest and most attractive as the venues for the 1st FIFA World Championship for Five-A-Side Football.


1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship squads
This article lists the confirmed national futsal squads for the 1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship tournament held in Netherlands, between 5 and 15 January, 1989.


1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship
The 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship, the third edition of the tournament, was held in the Scottish cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Motherwell, Aberdeen, and Dundee between 10 June and 24 June 1989. Players born after 1 August 1972 could participate in this tournament. Saudi Arabia won the tournament and became the first Asian team to win a FIFA tournament. As of November 2019, they also became the only Asian men's team to win any FIFA tournament.


1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship
The winning team was later accused of fielding several over-age players, but no formal investigation was conducted.


1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship, Squads
For full squad lists for the 1989 U-16 World Championship see 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship squads.


1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship, Goalscorers
Fode Camara of Guinea won the Golden Shoe award for scoring three goals. In total, 77 goals were scored by 55 different players, with three of them credited as own goals.


1989 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship took place in Saudi Arabia between 16 February and 3 March 1989. The 1989 championship was the 7th contested. The tournament took place across four cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, and Ta'if.


1989 FIFA World Youth Championship, Squads
For a list of all squads that played in the final tournament, see 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship squads


1989 FIFA World Youth Championship, Group stages
The 16 teams were split into four groups of four teams. Four group winners, and four second-place finishers qualify for the knockout round.


1989 FIFA World Youth Championship, Goalscorers
Oleg Salenko of Soviet Union won the Golden Shoe award for scoring five goals. In total, 81 goals were scored by 55 different players, with none of them credited as own goal.


1989 FINA Men's Water Polo World Cup
The 1989 FINA Men's Water Polo World Cup was the sixth edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body in aquatics, the International Swimming Federation (FINA). The event took place in Berlin, West Germany. Eight teams participated to decide the winner of what would be a bi-annual event until 1999.


1989 FINA Synchronised Swimming World Cup
The 4th FINA Synchronised Swimming World Cup was held September 7–9, 1989 in Paris, France. It featured swimmers from 10 nations, swimming in three events: Solo, Duet and Team.


1989 FINA World Junior Synchronised Swimming Championships
The 1st FINA World Junior Synchronised Swimming Championships was held July 17-23, 1989 in Cali, Colombia. The synchronised swimmers are aged between 15 and 18 years old, swimming in three events: Solo, Duet and Team.


1989 FIRS Intercontinental Cup
The 1989 FIRS Intercontinental Cup was the fourth edition of the roller hockey tournament known as the Intercontinental Cup, played in January 1989. HC Liceo La Coruña won the cup, defeating CDU Estudiantil.


1989 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship
The 1989 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship was held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates for nine days, from 30 December 1989 to 7 January 1990. This was the first edition of the tournament.


1989 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U19 World Championship, Competition formula
The 12 teams were divided into two pools of six teams each and played a round-robin tournament. The top two teams of each pool progressed to the semifinals.


1989 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
The 1989 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship was the 1st edition of the event. It was held in Parma, Italy from 9 to 10 December 1989.


1989 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
The 1989 FIVB Men's World Cup was held from 17 to 26 November 1989 in Japan. Eight men's national teams played in three cities in Japan (Tokyo, Osaka, and Hiroshima) for the right to a fast lane ticket into the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.


1989 FIVB Volleyball Women's U20 World Championship
The 1989 FIVB Women's U20 World Championship was held in Lima, Trujillo and Arequipa, Peru from August 3 to 13, 1989. 16 teams participated in the tournament.


1989 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup
The 1989 FIVB Women's World Cup was held from 7 to 14 November 1989 in Japan.


1989 Falkland Islands general election
The Falkland Islands general election of 1989 was held on Thursday 12 October 1989 to elect members to the Legislative Council. Eight Councillors were elected through universal suffrage using block voting, four from each constituency (Camp and Stanley).


1989 Falkland Islands general election
Three candidates stood for the Desire the Right Party, one of the only political parties in the history of the Falkland Islands which normally acts as a non-partisan democracy, however none of the party's candidates were elected.


1989 Falkland Islands general election, Results
Candidates in bold were elected. Candidates in italic were incumbents.


1989 Family Circle Cup
The 1989 Family Circle Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Sea Pines Plantation on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina in the United States and was part of the Category 5 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. It was the 17th edition of the tournament and ran from April 3 through April 9, 1989. First-seeded Steffi Graf won the singles title, her third at the event.


1989 Family Circle Cup, Finals, Doubles
Hana Mandlíková /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Mary Lou Daniels /  Wendy White 6–4, 6–1


1989 Family Circle Cup – Doubles
Lori McNeil and Martina Navratilova were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, McNeil with Kathy Foxworth and Navratilova with Hana Mandlíková.


1989 Family Circle Cup – Doubles
Foxworth and McNeil lost in the second round to Catherine Suire and Patricia Tarabini.


1989 Family Circle Cup – Doubles
Mandlíková and Navratilova won in the final 6–4, 6–1 against Mary-Lou Daniels and Wendy White.


1989 Family Circle Cup – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. The top four seeded teams received byes into the second round.


1989 Family Circle Cup – Singles
Martina Navratilova was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Natasha Zvereva.


1989 Family Circle Cup – Singles
Steffi Graf won in the final 6–1, 6–1 against Zvereva.


1989 Family Circle Cup – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
The 1989 Federation Cup was the 27th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. The tournament was held at Ariake Tennis Forest Park in Tokyo, Japan, from 1–9 October. The United States won the tournament without losing a rubber, defeating Spain in the final (in what was only Spain's first semifinal and second quarterfinal appearance), giving the USA their 13th title.


1989 Federation Cup (tennis), Qualifying Round
All ties were played at Ariake Tennis Forest Park in Tokyo, Japan, on hard courts.


1989 Federation Cup (tennis), Qualifying Round
Winning nations advance to Main Draw, losing nations play in Consolation Qualifying round.


1989 Fermanagh District Council election
Elections to Fermanagh District Council were held on 17 May 1989 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 23 councillors.


1989 Fermanagh District Council election, Districts results, Enniskillen
1985: 3 x UUP, 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP, 1 x DUP1989: 3 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Workers' Party1985-1989 Change: Workers' Party gain from Sinn Féin


1989 Fermanagh District Council election, Districts results, Erne East
1985: 3 x Sinn Féin, 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP1989: 3 x UUP, 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP1985-1989 Change: UUP gain from Sinn Féin


1989 Fermanagh District Council election, Districts results, Erne North
1985: 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Sinn Féin1989: 2 x UUP, 2 x SDLP, 1 x DUP1985-1989 Change: SDLP gain from Sinn Féin


1989 Fermanagh District Council election, Districts results, Erne West
1985: 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x IIP1989: 2 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent Nationalist1985-1989 Change: UUP gain from Sinn Féin, Independent Nationalist leaves IIP


1989 Fernleaf Classic
The 1989 Fernleaf Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Wellington, New Zealand and was part of the Category 1 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and was held from 6 February until 12 February 1989. First-seeded Conchita Martínez won the singles title.


1989 Fernleaf Classic, Finals, Doubles
Elizabeth Smylie /  Janine Thompson defeated  Tracey Morton /  Heidi Sprung 7–6(7–3), 6–1


1989 Fernleaf Classic – Doubles
Patty Fendick and Jill Hetherington were the defending champions. However, they


1989 Fernleaf Classic – Doubles
Elizabeth Smylie and Janine Tremelling won in the final 7–6, 6–1 against Tracey Morton and Heidi Sprung.


1989 Fernleaf Classic – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 Fernleaf Classic – Singles
Jill Hetherington was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1989 Fernleaf Classic – Singles
Conchita Martínez won in the final 6–1, 6–2 against Jo-Anne Faull.


1989 Fernleaf Classic – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 Fiesta Bowl
The 1989 Sunkist Fiesta Bowl, played on Monday, January 2, was the 18th edition of the Fiesta Bowl. It featured the top-ranked Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the third-ranked West Virginia Mountaineers. With both teams undefeated, the Fiesta Bowl was the stage for the "national championship" for the second time in three years. As in 1987, the Fiesta Bowl featured two independents squaring off for the national title.


1989 Fiesta Bowl
Also, as in 1987, the game was played on January 2, but this was because New Year's Day fell on a Sunday in 1989 and, per protocols, all of the bowls that would normally take place that day were played on January 2. With NBC no longer televising the Rose Bowl, the kickoff for the Fiesta Bowl was moved three hours later, to 2:30 p.m. MST, and the game now had NBC's top broadcast team of Dick Enberg and Merlin Olsen.


1989 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
After West Virginia quarterback and Heisman candidate Major Harris separated his shoulder on the third play of the game, Notre Dame took control to claim their record eleventh national championship. Though Harris would return to the game, after the lackluster performance of West Virginia's second string QB, he was severely hampered by his injury.


1989 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
Billy Hackett started the scoring with a 45-yard field goal to give Notre Dame an early 3–0 lead. Running back Anthony Johnson then scored on a 1-yard touchdown run, but the ensuing extra point missed, and the score remained 9–0. Early in the second quarter, Rodney Culver added a 5-yard touchdown run to increase Notre Dame's lead to 16–0. Charlie Baumann of West Virginia scored on a 29-yard field goal to cut the lead to 16–3.


1989 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
Later in the second quarter, Tony Rice threw a 29-yard touchdown pass to Raghib Ismail, to extend the lead to 23–3. Mountaineer Charlie Baumann added a 31-yard field goal before halftime to make it 23–6.


1989 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
Early in the third quarter, Reggie Ho added a 32-yard field goal to increase the Irish lead to 26–6. WVU quarterback Harris hit Grantis Bell for a 17-yard touchdown pass, cutting the lead to 26–13. He later left the game with an injury. Rice threw a 3-yard touchdown pass to Frank Jacobs. Rice later took it in himself for the 2-point conversion, giving Notre Dame a 34–13 lead. WVU scored with a 3-yard touchdown run by Reggie Rembert, who also converted the 2-point conversion, making the score 34–21. Notre Dame sealed the win by intercepting a pass in the end zone.


1989 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
Notre Dame retained its top ranking in the final AP poll and West Virginia fell to fifth. As of 2019, this remains the most recent national championship for the Irish.


1989 Fiji rugby union tour of Europe
The 1989 Fiji rugby union tour of Europe was a series of matches played in October–November 1989 in Europe by Fiji national rugby union team.


1989 Fiji rugby union tour of Oceania
The 1989 Fiji rugby union tour of Oceania was a series of matches played in Australia, New Zealand, Samoa and Tonga, between April and June 1989 in  by Fiji national rugby union team.


1989 Fiji rugby union tour of Oceania
In reality there were three different tours. In April in Australia, then in New Zealand (no test match) and in June–July in Samoa and Tonga.


1989 Five Nations Championship
The 1989 Five Nations Championship was the 60th series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the 95th series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played over five weekends between 21 January and 18 March. France won it with three wins and one defeat (against England), while none of the other four teams was able to win the Triple Crown. England entered the final round of matches knowing that a win would give them at least a share of the championship, but were overturned in Cardiff as Wales scored their only victory of the season.


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl
The 1989 Florida Citrus Bowl was held on January 2, 1989 at the Florida Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The #13 Clemson Tigers defeated the #10 Oklahoma Sooners by a score of 13–6.


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl, Game summary
The scoring was opened by the Sooners, who converted a 35-yard field goal attempt to lead 3-0 after the first quarter. The second quarter saw Clemson strike back, as the Tigers made two field goal attempts: from 20 yards and then from 46 yards. The Tigers led at halftime, 6–3. The third quarter finished identical to the first, with the only scoring coming from an Oklahoma field goal, this time from 30 yards out.


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl, Game summary
The fourth quarter began with Clemson and Oklahoma tied 6–6, but the Tigers broke the deadlock and MVP Terry Allen found the end zone from 4 yards out and scored the only touchdown of the game and what proved to be the only points of the fourth quarter. With that touchdown, the Tigers secured a second Florida Citrus Bowl victory in two years, winning 13–6.


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl, Aftermath
With both teams scoring 19 points combined, the game proved to be the lowest-scoring Florida Citrus Bowl since #17 Ohio State and #19 BYU met three years prior in the 1985 Florida Citrus Bowl. The first quarter, which contained three points combined, was the lowest-scoring opening quarter since the same 1985 game, whose first quarter did not contain any scoring.


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl, Aftermath
Furthermore, the first half, which contained nine points combined, was the lowest-scoring first half in a Florida Citrus Bowl since the 1973 Tangerine Bowl between Miami (OH) and Florida, whose score was 3–0 at halftime (the bowl game's name was changed from the Tangerine Bowl to the Florida Citrus Bowl in 1983).


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl, Aftermath
After the game, #13 Clemson finished at #9 in the polls due to their victory, and #10 Oklahoma finished at #14.


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl, Aftermath
This turned out to be the final game for Barry Switzer as Oklahoma's coach. The Sooner program was rocked later in January when four players were arrested and charged with rape in the university's athletic dormitory. In February, quarterback Charles Thompson was arrested on drug-related charges. The program's woes were the subject of a Sports Illustrated cover story in its February 27, 1989 issue.


1989 Florida Citrus Bowl, Aftermath
The NCAA placed Oklahoma on probation in June, banning the Sooners from appearing on television in 1989, and from appearing in a bowl game in 1989 and 1990. Switzer. who led Oklahoma to national championships in 1974, 1975 and 1985, resigned on June 19 after 16 seasons as head coach, during which time he compiled a 157-29-4 record. Prior to becoming head coach, Switzer was a Sooner assistant under Jim Mackenzie and Chuck Fairbanks.


1989 Florida Gators football team
The 1989 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The season was Galen Hall's sixth and final season as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team; Hall was replaced as the Gators head coach after five games by his defensive coordinator, Gary Darnell. Hall and Darnell's 1989 Florida Gators posted an overall record of 7–5 and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 4–3, tying for fourth place in the ten-team SEC.


1989 Florida State Seminoles baseball team
The 1989 Florida State Seminoles baseball team represented Florida State University in the 1989 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Seminoles played their home games at Dick Howser Stadium. The team was coached by Mike Martin in his tenth season as head coach at Florida State.


1989 Florida State Seminoles baseball team
The Seminoles reached the College World Series, their tenth appearance in Omaha, where they finished tied for third place after recording an opening round win against North Carolina, a second round win against eventual champion Wichita State and a pair of semifinal losses to Wichita State.


1989 Florida State Seminoles football team
The 1989 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Bobby Bowden and played their home games at Doak Campbell Stadium.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election
A special election to determine the member of the United States House of Representatives for Florida's 18th congressional district was held on August 29, 1989. Republican Ileana Ros-Lehtinen defeated Democrat Gerald Richman in the runoff vote, 53.14% to 46.85%. Ros-Lehtinen replaced Claude Pepper, who died in office from stomach cancer.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election
Changing demographics in Florida's 18th congressional district had moved the largely white district into a 40% Cuban American district. The election campaign followed this trend as the campaign was dominated by discussions of race after Republican National Chairman Lee Atwater declared that the district should become the "Cuban American seat". Democrat Gerald Richman ran a campaign with the slogan "This is an American seat" in response to Atwater's comments, and both Ros-Lehtinen and Richman appealed to their respective racial bases in the general. Ros-Lehtinen won a competitive campaign to flip the seat, and became the first Cuban American to serve in Congress.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, Background
United States Congressman Claude Pepper died in office from stomach cancer on May 30, 1989 after serving in the House for over a quarter century, opening up a special election to fill his seat. Pepper had previously served as a U.S. Senator from Florida as well and was seen as a lion of the U.S. Congress. Pepper's reputation and length of service had insulated him from the racial splits that existed in his district, and The New York Times noted that he had been able to bridge the gap inside of the district. The district had moved from a largely white district into a 40% Cuban American district. Florida Governor Bob Martinez announced the special election schedule the day after Pepper's burial.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, Republican primary, Summary
Early coverage on the Republican primary named State Senator Ileana Ros-Lehtinen as the favorite to win the Republican nomination. Jeb Bush managed  Ros-Lehtinen's campaign. After Pepper's death, Republican National Committee chairman Lee Atwater declared that the seat should become a "Cuban American seat" and immediately caused controversy with the comment.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, Republican primary, Summary
Challengers other than Ros-Lehtinen included: Carlos Perez, a business owner who had been highlighted in Ronald Reagan's State of the Union address; David Fleischer, an insurance broker who decided to run after Atwater's comments; and John Stembridge, a furniture store owner who claimed that Pepper "was like an adopted father to me and I felt like he was personally grooming me to take his place".


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, Republican primary, Summary
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen won the primary with more than 80% of the vote, winning every precinct and avoiding a runoff. "We're quite humbled and really flabbergasted," Ros-Lehtinen said at her surprise of winning the primary by such a wide margin.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, Democratic primary, Summary
The Democratic primary was much more chaotic than the Republican one. After Lee Atwater announced that the district should become a "Cuban American seat", early Democratic favorite Jack Gordon dropped out after two days, stating that he refused to run a campaign that would have to be about "stopping the Cubans". Rosario Kennedy, a Miami City Commissioner, was handicapped as the initial favorite. In a first-round upset, Gerald Richman, the former President of the Florida Bar, beat Kennedy by 146 votes. Both advanced to the runoff.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, Democratic primary, Summary
The runoff campaign was dominated by controversial discussions of race. Richman repeatedly said, "This is an American seat" in reaction to Atwater's comments. Jo Ann Pepper, Marvin Dunn, and Sonny Wright, who split the African American neighborhoods in the district, all endorsed Kennedy. The Miami Herald endorsed Kennedy and called Richman's campaign "naked, deliberate, bigotry". Richman easily won the runoff over Kennedy, dominating in white and Jewish neighborhoods. The results split starkly among racial lines and after Richman's win, Kennedy refused to endorse him.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, General election
The racial themes from both primaries continued throughout the general election. Richman's campaign came under continued fire for his "This is an American seat" slogan, while Ros-Lehtinen's campaign was criticized for a Spanish language brochure which emphasized Richman's Jewish religion. Richman spent more than $300,000 of his own money on his campaign. Ros-Lehtinen called Richman and his campaign bigoted and refused to appear at any debates or events with him.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, General election
A poll by The Miami Herald found that 28 out of every 29 Cuban American voters supported Ros-Lehtinen while 24 of every 25 Jewish voters supported Richman, regardless of normal political ideology and leanings. National Republicans came to support Ros-Lehtinen, including President George H. W. Bush who hosted a fundraiser for her campaign and appeared jointly with her.


1989 Florida's 18th congressional district special election, General election
Ros-Lehtinen won the seat with a six point margin, 53 to 47 percent. Voter turnout matched strongly with ethnic lines. According to exit polling, approximately 60 percent of the district's Hispanic voters turned out, while only 40 percent of the Anglos and 34 percent of the African Americans. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen became the first Latina and the first Cuban American to serve in Congress after this victory. After the election, the Anti- Defamation League called for a "healing process" for the communities of the district and described the election as a "dark moment". Both campaigns were censured by the Fair Campaigns Practices Committee, a watchdog group, for the racially tinged campaigns they ran.


1989 Football Cup of Ukrainian SSR among KFK
The 1989 Football Cup of Ukrainian SSR among KFK  was the annual season of Ukraine's football knockout competition for amateur football teams.


1989 Football League Cup Final
The 1989 Football League Cup Final was a football match played on 9 April 1989 between Nottingham Forest and the 1988 League Cup winners, Luton Town at Wembley Stadium. Nottingham Forest claimed victory in the 29th League Cup final with a 3–1 victory. Luton opened the scoring in the first half with a header from Mick Harford, while Forest's Lee Chapman had a goal disallowed at the other end. In the second half Forest took control and equalised with a penalty by Nigel Clough. Soon after, Tommy Gaynor provided a cross for Neil Webb to control and slot into the Luton net. Clough completed the scoring with a low drilled shot from just outside the penalty area. It was Forest's third victory in this competition.


1989 Football League Cup Final, Road to Wembley
Luton 3–1 Manchester City (R Wegerle 2, Oldfield) 4th Round


1989 Football League Cup Final, Road to Wembley
Southampton 1–2 Luton (M Harford, R Hill) 5th Round Replay


1989 Football League Cup Final, Road to Wembley
West Ham United 0–3 Luton (M Harford, R Wegerle, D Wilson) Semi-final 1st Leg


1989 Football League Cup Final, Road to Wembley
Luton 2–0 West Ham United (M Harford, R Wegerle) Semi-final 2nd Leg


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final
The 1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final was an association football match played over two legs between Wrexham and Leyton Orient on 30 May and 3 June 1989. The final was to determine the fourth and final team to gain promotion from the Football League Fourth Division, the fourth tier of English football, to the Third Division. The top three teams of the 1988–89 Football League Fourth Division season, Rotherham United, Tranmere Rovers and Crewe Alexandra, gained automatic promotion to the Third Division, while those placed from fourth to seventh in the league competed in the play-offs. The winners of the play-off semi-finals played against each other for the final place in the Third Division for the 1989–90 season. Leyton Orient ended the season in sixth position, one place ahead of Wrexham, while Scarborough and Scunthorpe United were the other semi-finalists.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final
The first leg of the final was played at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham and ended goalless. The second leg took place at Brisbane Road in Leyton four days later and a minute before half-time, Leyton Orient took the lead when Lee Harvey struck the ball past Mike Salmon in the Wrexham goal from the right of the penalty area. One minute into the second half, Jon Bowden equalised for Wrexham when he was unmarked at the near post and headed in a cross. With eight minutes of the match remaining, Mark Cooper received the ball from Harvey before swivelling and striking it past Salmon to make it 2–1. Leyton Orient won the match and tie, and were promoted to the Third Division.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final
Leyton Orient's next season saw them finish in fourteenth position in the Third Division. Wrexham ended their following season in 21st place in the Fourth Division.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Leyton Orient finished the regular 1988–89 season in sixth position in the Football League Fourth Division – the fourth tier of the English football league system – one place and four points ahead of Wrexham. Both missed out on the three automatic places for promotion to the Third Division and instead took part in the play-offs, along with Scunthorpe United and Scarborough, to determine the fourth promoted team. Leyton Orient finished three points behind Crewe Alexandra (who were promoted in third place), five behind Tranmere Rovers (promoted as runners-up) and seven behind league winners Rotherham United.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Wrexham's opposition for their play-off semi-final were Scunthorpe United and the first match of the two-legged tie was held at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham on 21 May 1989. Darren Wright put the home side into the lead after two minutes when he scored from a free kick. David Cowling then equalised for Scunthorpe with a mishit cross from around 30 yards (27 m). Ollie Kearns scored twice, each time with a header, to give Wrexham a 3–1 victory. The second leg took place four days later at Glanford Park in Scunthorpe. Kevin Russell gave the visitors the lead in the first half before Scunthorpe lost both Paul Nicol and Cowling to injury. Russell then scored his and Wrexham's second goal, giving them a 2–0 win and a 5–1 aggregate victory to see them progress to the final.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Leyton Orient faced Scarborough in the other semi-final with the first leg being played at Brisbane Road in Leyton on 21 May 1989. Mark Cooper gave the home side the lead after six minutes with a header. He scored his and Leyton Orient's second in the 83rd minute from a free kick to give his side a 2–0 win. The return leg was held three days later at the McCain Stadium in Scarborough.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Route to the final
The home side applied most of the pressure including shots from Paul Olsson and Chris Short, and a goalline clearance from Kevin Hales, but the first half ended goalless. Martin Russell scored in the 70th minute to give Scarborough the lead. Despite losing the match 1–0, Leyton Orient progressed to the final with a 2–1 aggregate win.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Match, Background
Neither Wrexham nor Leyton Orient had participated in the English Football League play-offs prior to this season. Wrexham had played in the Fourth Division since being relegated from the Third in the 1982–83 season while Leyton Orient had played in the fourth tier since being relegated there (as Orient) in the 1984–85 season. Both sides had won their away game in the matches between them during the regular season: Wrexham secured a 1–0 victory at Brisbane Road in December 1988 while Leyton Orient won by the same scoreline at the Racecourse Ground the following April.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Match, First leg, Summary
The first leg of the play-off final took place at the Racecourse Ground on 30 May 1989 in front a crowd of 7,915, Wrexham's largest attendance of the season. The referee for the match was Terry Holbrook. Ian Ross, writing in The Times, described the playing surface as "so dry as to make the bounce of the ball unpredictable". Although those conditions did not favour Leyton Orient whose "attempts to play cohesive football floundered", they had the first opportunity to score when a free kick from Kevin Dickenson struck the Wrexham crossbar from a Cooper header. Alan Comfort played in a number of crosses but none were converted by his Leyton Orient colleagues. Wrexham were limited to long-range chances, to no avail, and the match ended in a goalless draw.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Match, Second leg, Summary
The second leg of the final was held at Brisbane Road on 3 June 1989 in front of a crowd of 13,355. The referee for the game was J. Martin and kick-off was delayed by 20 minutes as the large attendance was safely introduced to the ground. A minute before half-time, Leyton Orient took the lead when Lee Harvey struck the ball past Mike Salmon in the Wrexham goal from the right of the penalty area. One minute into the second half, Jon Bowden equalised for Wrexham when he was unmarked at the near post and headed in a cross. With eight minutes of the match remaining, Cooper received the ball from Harvey before swivelling and striking it past Salmon to make it 2–1. Leyton Orient won the match and tie, and were promoted to the Third Division.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Post-match
Frank Clark, the winning manager, said "I do not feel sorry for [Wrexham] but I feel for them." He added that "Going back into the third won't make us a million ... But it's a start." His counterpart Dixie McNeil said "the lads fought hard all the way." He left Wrexham in November 1989 and was replaced by Brian Flynn. After the match, Comfort departed by helicopter for Heathrow Airport to catch a flight to Ireland where he was to be married later that afternoon.


1989 Football League Fourth Division play-off Final, Post-match
Wrexham ended their following season in 21st place in the Fourth Division. Leyton Orient's next season saw them finish in fourteenth position in the Third Division.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final
The 1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final was an association football match played over two legs between Blackburn Rovers and Crystal Palace on 31 May 1989 and 3 June 1989. The final was to determine the third and final team to gain promotion from the Football League Second Division, the second tier of English football, to the First Division. The top two teams of the 1988–89 Football League Second Division season gained automatic promotion to the First Division, those placed from third to sixth in the league table competed play-off semi-finals. The winners of the semi-finals played against each other for the final place in the First Division for the 1989–90 season. Crystal Palace ended the season in third position, two places ahead of Blackburn Rovers, while Swindon Town and Watford were the other semi-finalists.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final
The first leg of the final took place at Blackburn's Ewood Park on 31 May 1989. Midway through the first half, Simon Garner flicked on a cross from Scott Sellars and Howard Gayle scored to make it 1–0 to Blackburn. In the 27th minute, Gayle doubled his side's lead with a half-volley from just outside the Palace penalty area. In the 70th minute, Jeff Hopkins brought Gayle down in the box and a penalty was awarded. Gayle took the spot kick himself but struck his shot wide of the goal.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final
With four minutes of regular time remaining, Palace made it 2–1 through Eddie McGoldrick. Garner restored the two-goal lead in injury time, ending the match 3–1. Selhurst Park hosted the second leg of the final on 3 June 1989. Blackburn started the game strongly but Palace took the lead through Ian Wright who scored after 17 minutes from an Alan Pardew cross. A minute after half time, Mark Atkins tripped McGoldrick in the box to concede a penalty from which David Madden scored.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final
Palace were 2–0 ahead at the end of regular time, and with the aggregate score being 3–3, the game went into extra time. With three minutes of the match remaining, Wright scored his 33rd goal of the season heading the ball from a McGoldrick cross past Terry Gennoe. The match ended 3–0 and Palace were promoted to the First Division with a 4–3 aggregate victory.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final
Crystal Palace ended the following season in fifteenth position in the First Division. Blackburn's next season saw them finish in fifth position in the Second Division and qualify for the play-offs where they lost to Swindon Town.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Crystal Palace finished the regular 1988–89 season in third place in the Football League First Division – the second tier of the English football league system – two places and four points ahead of Blackburn Rovers. Both missed out on the two automatic places for promotion to the First Division and instead took part in the play-offs, along with Watford and Swindon Town, to determine the third promoted team. Crystal Palace finished one point behind Manchester City (who were promoted in second place) and eighteen behind league winners Chelsea.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Blackburn Rovers faced Watford in their play-off semi-final, with the first leg taking place at Ewood Park in Blackburn on 21 May 1989. The game was described by Stephen Bierley in The Guardian as "hot, hectic and mostly horrible." The home side made the better start but the match ended goalless with misses from Howard Gayle and Scott Sellars, while Neil Redfearn's shot for Watford in the second half was saved by Terry Gennoe. The return leg was played three days later at Vicarage Road in Watford.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Simon Garner put Blackburn ahead after beating Paul Miller and Kenny Jackett and striking the ball past Tony Coton in the Watford goal. Redfearn equalised on 29 minutes with a long-range strike which took a deflection off John Millar to beat Gennoe. Ending 1–1, the game moved into extra time but with no further change to the score, Blackburn progressed to the play-off final on the away goals rule.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Route to the final
In the other play-off semi-final, Crystal Palace's opponents were Swindon Town, and the first leg was played at the County Ground, Swindon, on 21 May 1989. The match was dominated by Swindon but the first half ended goalless. In the 53rd minute, Crystal Palace's captain Jeff Hopkins scored an own goal after a dangerous cross from Dave Hockaday. Swindon manager Lou Macari suggested that his side were favourites going into the second leg but added "we shan't be defending". The return leg took place at Selhurst Park three days later.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Route to the final
The largest crowd of the season meant congestion caused the kick off to be delayed by fifteen minutes. On eight minutes, Mark Bright scored his 25th goal of the season after Paul Digby had beaten away a shot from David Madden, to put Palace ahead. Seven minutes before half-time, Ian Wright doubled the lead after scoring from a Bright header. The match ended 2–0 and Crystal Palace qualified for the final with a 2–1 aggregate win.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, Background
Neither side had featured in a play-off final although Blackburn Rovers had lost in the semi-finals during the 1988 Football League play-offs. Crystal Palace had played in the second tier of English football since being relegated in the 1980–81 season, while Blackburn had been in the Second Division since they were promoted in the 1979–80 season. During the regular 1988–89 season, Blackburn Rovers had won their home game between the two sides 5–4 in October, while the clubs played out a 2–2 draw at Vicarage Road the following February.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, Background
Garner was Blackburn's leading scorer during the regular season with 23 goals across all competitions (20 in the league, 1 in the FA Cup and 2 in the League Cup), followed by Gayle who scored 20 in total (19 in the league, 1 in the FA Cup and 1 in the League Cup). The leading marksman for Crystal Palace was Wright who had scored 30 goals during the regular season comprising 24 in the league, 1 in the FA Cup, and 5 in the League Cup.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, First leg, Pre-match
In a training session leading up to the first leg of the final, the Blackburn manager Don Mackay tore ankle ligaments, but suggested it had helped to relax his players: "There was a lot of tension in the air until the players saw me hobbling about." He had a fully fit squad to choose from. Crystal Palace had Gavin Nebbeling available for selection after suspension.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, First leg, Summary
The first leg of the final took place at Blackburn's Ewood Park on 31 May 1989 in front of a crowd of 16,421 and was refereed by Joe Worrall. In the 13th minute, a chance fell to Garner as he volleyed a cross from Chris Sulley, but Perry Suckling in the Crystal Palace goal saved the shot. Eight minutes later, Garner flicked on a cross from Sellars and Gayle scored to make it 1–0 to Blackburn. In the 27th minute, Gayle doubled his side's lead with a half-volley from just outside the Palace penalty area after David Burke had failed to clear the ball.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, First leg, Summary
Blackburn continued to dominate the match in the second half, with Hopkins almost scoring an own goal and Millar striking a shot wide of the Palace goal. On 57 minutes, Palace made the only substitution of the game, with Glenn Pennyfather coming on for Madden. In the 70th minute, Hopkins brought Gayle down in the box and a penalty was awarded. Gayle took the spot kick himself but missed out on his hat-trick after he struck his shot wide of the goal. With four minutes of regular time remaining, Palace made it 2–1.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, First leg, Summary
John Pemberton's free kick was headed on by Wright to Eddie McGoldrick who scored his first goal of the season from close range. Garner restored the two-goal lead in injury time with a tap-in from a Gayle cross, ending the match 3–1. After the match, Garner warned that, despite the lead, that his team would "be treating the second leg as if the score was 0–0."


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, Second leg, Pre-match
Crystal Palace had been hoping to temporarily increase the capacity of Selhurst Park by 7,000 to 38,000. Geoff Thomas, the Palace captain, was available for selection after an extended period of absence as a result of a stomach operation. Blackburn's Hendry was carrying a leg injury.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, Second leg, Summary
The second leg of the final took place at Selhurst Park on 3 June 1989 and was refereed by George Courtney in front of a crowd of 26,358. Blackburn started the game strongly but Palace's defence kept the score goalless. Palace took the lead through Wright who scored from after 17 minutes from an Alan Pardew cross. Wright then saw his volley from the edge of the box tipped round the post by Gennoe, before a header from McGoldrick went wide of the Blackburn goal.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, Second leg, Summary
A minute after half time, Atkins tripped McGoldrick in the box to concede a penalty from which Madden scored, sending the Blackburn goalkeeper Gennoe the wrong way. Six minutes later, a poor backpass from Gary O'Reilly was claimed from Garner's feet by the Palace goalkeeper Suckling. On 56 minutes, Sean Curry came on to replace Miller in the first substitution of the game. With Palace 2–0 ahead at the end of regular time, the aggregate score was 3–3 and the game went into extra time.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Match, Second leg, Summary
On 105 minutes, Blackburn made their second change of the game with Gayle being replaced by Alan Ainscow. With three minutes of the match remaining, Wright scored his 33rd goal of the season heading the ball from a McGoldrick cross past Gennoe. The match ended 3–0 and Palace were promoted to the First Division with a 4–3 aggregate victory.


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Post-match
Coppell stated that he had a fulfilled his five-year ambition at Crystal Palace: "It is five years tomorrow since I joined the club as manager. I said then that promotion was a five-year job." Wright, who had signed from non-League club Greenwich Borough five years earlier, had been confident of promotion: "I had faith in the club. I knew we could do it. We are ready for the First Division."


1989 Football League Second Division play-off Final, Post-match
Crystal Palace ended the following season in fifteenth position in the First Division, having conceded more goals than any other team. Blackburn's next season saw them finish in fifth position in the Second Division and qualify for the 1990 Football League play-offs where they lost 4–2 on aggregate to Swindon Town.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final
The 1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final was a two-legged football match played on 31 May and 3 June 1989, between Port Vale and Bristol Rovers to determine the third and final team to gain promotion from the Third Division to the Second Division. The top two teams of the 1988–89 Football League Third Division season gained automatic promotion to the Second Division, while those placed from third to sixth place in the table took part in play-offs; the winners of these semi-finals competed for the final place for the 1989–90 season in the Second Division. From 1990 onwards, play-off finals would be one-legged affairs decided at Wembley Stadium, or an appropriate neutral stadium.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final
It was the first time either Port Vale or Bristol Rovers played a play-off final, with play-offs only being introduced to English football for the first time two years previously. In the semi-finals, Port Vale defeated Preston North End and Bristol Rovers beat Fulham. The first leg of the final finished 1–1, with Port Vale midfielder Robbie Earle equalising in the 73rd minute after Gary Penrice had given Bristol Rovers the lead in the first half. In the second leg, Earle scored the only goal of the match with a 52nd minute header. The end result meant that Port Vale won the play-offs with a 2–1 aggregate victory.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final
Port Vale ended the following season eleventh in the Second Division, 13 points outside the play-offs and 13 points above the relegation zone. Bristol Rovers went on to secure promotion as champions of the Third Division, finishing two points ahead of Bristol City in second and six points ahead of third-placed Notts County.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Route to the final
The 1988–89 season saw Wolverhampton Wanderers, Sheffield United and Port Vale vie for the two automatic promotion places in the Third Division, the third tier of the English football league system, and it was Port Vale who missed out and finished in third-place, two places ahead of Bristol Rovers in fifth. Both therefore took part in the play-offs to determine the third promoted team. Port Vale had finished level on points with second-place Sheffield United, but their inferior goal difference cost them automatic promotion. Bristol Rovers finished fifth, ten points behind Port Vale.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Port Vale's opponents for the play-off semi-final were Preston North End, managed by John Rudge's predecessor John McGrath, and the first leg was played on the plastic pitch at Deepdale in Preston on 22 May. Port Vale sold their 3,500 allocation for the game in three days. Preston's Nigel Jemson put the home side in front on 16 minutes, before Robbie Earle levelled the score at 1–1 after a John Jeffers cross was flicked on by Darren Beckford. There was a pitch invasion by the Preston fans after a fire erupted under the wooden slats of their stands.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Joan Walley, Member of parliament (MP) for the Stoke-on-Trent North constituency, called for an enquiry at Parliament, but none was made. The return leg was held at Vale Park three days later. Beckford opened the scoring on 11 minutes after latching on to a Ron Futcher flick on, only for Mark Patterson to again level the tie just two minutes later. Futcher had the chance to take the lead with a penalty, only to hit the bar, before Beckford scored two goals in quick succession to claim a hat-trick and secure a 4–2 aggregate victory.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Route to the final
Bristol Rovers faced Fulham in their semi-final play-off on 21 May, and the first leg was played at Twerton Park, Bath, where Bristol Rovers had played their home matches since being forced to leave Eastville Stadium in 1986. Bristol Rovers claimed a 1–0 win with a goal from Gary Penrice. The second leg was played three days later at Craven Cottage, London. Bristol Rovers claimed a comfortable victory, winning 4–0 away with goals from Billy Clark, Ian Holloway, Dennis Bailey and Andy Reece.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Background
It was the first time either Port Vale or Bristol Rovers played a play-off final. Port Vale had previously posted two mid-table finishes following their promotion into the third tier in 1986. Bristol Rovers meanwhile had spent most of the decade in the third tier following relegation from the second tier in 1981. In the two league matches played between the clubs during the regular season, the two teams played out a 2–2 draw at Twerton Park in April, before Vale won the home fixture 1–0 in what was the penultimate game of the campaign.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Background
Port Vale had conceded fewer goals than any other team in the Third Division in the 1988–89 season. No team in the Football League had picked up as many home league draws as Bristol Rovers, with 11, whereas only the bottom two clubs of the Third Division had won fewer home fixtures. Port Vale quickly sold out their 1,500 ticket allocation at Twerton Park, whilst 4,000 Bristol Rovers fans secured tickets at Vale Park. Simon Mills had to postpone his honeymoon to play in the final.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Background
The second leg would be the first time Port Vale would play a competitive fixture in June. Port Vale were strong favourites, with The Guardian's David Foot reporting that financially limited Bristol Rovers had made it to the play-offs "against every apparent law of logic" as manager Gerry Francis had built a squad with a transfer budget of £20,000, half of which he had lent the club himself in order to sign Ian Holloway.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Summary, First leg
The referee for the first leg was Allan Gunn from Sussex. The Port Vale starting line-up were largely the same eleven that defeated Preston, but with Gary West starting in place of Alan Webb. Bristol Rovers were reported to have reserve players Paul Nixon and Willmott on stand-by as Devon White, Phil Purnell and leading scorer Gary Penrice faced late fitness tests, though all three would start the game. Francis was though unable to name Geoff Twentyman, who was suspended, whilst loanees  Bailey and Ian Hazel both returned to their parent clubs. Francis stated that "we are going to give it a real go. We are not letting up now".


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Summary, First leg
Jeffers missed a good chance to open the scoring in the 30th minute following a Beckford flick-on from a corner kick. It was Bristol Rovers that were the first to score; keeper Nigel Martyn hit the ball upfield and Penrice volleyed the ball into the net over a stranded Mark Grew following a White flick-on. Futcher headed the ball into the net just before half-time only to find his goal disallowed for offside.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Summary, First leg
Port Vale dominated the second half and it was Earle who equalised seventeen minutes from time to level the tie, scoring a headed goal from a Futcher cross. Port Vale nearly won the match in the dying moments, only for Beckford's header to be cleared off the goal-line. Bristol Rovers manager Francis bemoaned Futcher being yellow-carded for an altercation with Ian Alexander when he believed a red was more appropriate, saying "It was an out and out nut!" In his match report, Nicholas Harling of The Times wrote that "Vale finished the first leg looking by far the more accomplished side".


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Summary, Second leg
The referee for the second leg was 1981 FA Cup final referee and Sheffield & Hallamshire County Football Association representative Keith Hackett. Port Vale manager John Rudge announced an unchanged team from the eleven that held Bristol Rovers to a 1–1 draw in the first leg. Francis was also able to name the same starting line-up for Bristol Rovers as the 13-man squad all passed fitness tests. The first half finished goalless despite large periods of pressure from Port Vale, with Martyn in good form in the Bristol Rovers goal.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Summary, Second leg
Martyn saved a 30 yards (27 m) strike from Dean Glover, whilst Beckford and Earle both came close to taking the lead. The second half saw the "MBE" combination (a Simon Mills corner, flicked on by Beckford and knocked into the net by Earle) pay off, resulting in an Earle headed goal in the 52nd minute; it was his nineteenth goal of the season and fourth headed goal against Bristol Rovers that season. It was to prove the only goal of the match as Port Vale controlled the remainder of the game and a celebratory pitch invasion ensued.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Summary, Second leg
The Guardian's Stephen Bierley did not enjoy the match and his only praise for Bristol Rovers was that they "did as little as possible to threaten the status quo, winning much praise from everybody by not forcing extra-time to extend the tedium". In contrast, The Observer's Derek Wallis reported that "Rovers ... played some delightful football but they were unable to penetrate a resolute defence ... in which West and Glover needed to be constantly alert". With the play-offs still a relatively new concept, both managers and some journalists were highly critical of the idea and agreed that Port Vale had deserved their promotion after finishing the league campaign in third place.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Match, Summary, Second leg
"We practised corners for hours, and it certainly paid off. Millsy could put in a brilliant delivery and as soon as it went toward Becky I knew it was coming my way. At the end of the game it was a huge feeling of relief that we had proved a point – we were good enough for promotion. We knew as a group of players we could play at a higher level and this gave us a chance to do so. I had a great time at Vale, and this was the greatest of them all.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Post-match
Bristol Rovers recovered from the loss and the following season joined Port Vale in the second tier, coming up as champions. Port Vale remained in the second tier until 1991–92, when they were relegated in last place. Bristol Rovers were themselves relegated at the end of the 1992–93 season. Goalkeeper Martyn went on to win 23 caps for England and spend a long career in the Premier League with Crystal Palace, Leeds United and Everton.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Post-match
Midfielder Holloway went on to manage Bristol Rovers in May 1996, with Gary Penrice as his assistant, in the first job of a long managerial career. Gerry Francis went on to manage Tottenham Hotspur in the Premier League, though would end his management career after a second spell at Bristol Rovers in 2001.


1989 Football League Third Division play-off Final, Post-match
Earle was sold on to Wimbledon for £775,000 in July 1991 and later appeared in the 1998 FIFA World Cup for Jamaica. The man that effectively put Port Vale in the final, Beckford, was himself sold to Norwich City for £925,000 in June 1991. Mastermind of the success John Rudge immediately signed a new two-year contract and continued to manage Port Vale until January 1999, when he was dismissed in a controversial decision by chairman Bill Bell.


1989 Football League play-offs
The Football League play-offs for the 1988–89 season were held in May 1989, with the two-legged finals taking place at the finalists home stadiums. The play-off semi-finals were also played over two legs and were contested by the teams who finished in 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th  place in the Football League Second Division and Football League Third Division and the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th placed teams in the Football League Fourth Division table. The winners of the semi-finals progressed through to the finals, with the winner of these matches either gaining promotion or avoiding relegation for the following season.


1989 Football League play-offs, Background
The Football League play-offs have been held every year since 1987. They take place for each division following the conclusion of the regular season and are contested by the four clubs finishing below the automatic promotion places. For the first three seasons the final was played over two legs but this was changed to a single match at Wembley Stadium from 1990.


1989 Football League play-offs, Second Division, Semi-finals
Watford 1–1 Blackburn Rovers on aggregate. Blackburn Rovers won on away goals.


1989 Fordham Rams football team
The 1989 Fordham Rams football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as a member of the Patriot League during the 1989 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In its fourth season under head coach Larry Glueck, the team compiled a 2–6 record and played its home games at Jack Coffey Field in The Bronx.


1989 Fordham Rams football team
The 1989 season marked Fordham's return to major college football after an absence of 35 years. Fordham had been a Division III playoff team in both 1987 and 1988. The school launched a $150 million capital campaign in 1989 that included a plan to build a $20 million stadium.


1989 Fordham Rams football team
Senior back Rick Hollawell concluded his college football career holding Fordham records with 36 touchdowns and 4,299 all-purpose yards.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy
The 1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy took place on December 2–3 at the Bologna Motor Show. The winner was Luis Pérez-Sala in a Minardi-Ford.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy, Participants
Participation for the second Formula One Indoor Trophy increased from six to seven drivers. Coming at the end of the 1989 Formula One season, it featured five teams.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy, Participants
Osella entered a two-man team, but neither of their regular drivers, Nicola Larini and Piercarlo Ghinzani, drove. Coloni driver Enrico Bertaggia and Swiss driver Andrea Chiesa, who was driving for Roni Motorsport in International Formula 3000 at the time, where their chosen competitors.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy, Participants
BMS Scuderia Italia sent along Andrea de Cesaris with one of their Dallara cars. Their other driver, Alex Caffi, did not attend.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy, Participants
Minardi also sent two drivers, defending champion Luis Pérez-Sala and Pierluigi Martini. Pierre-Henri Raphanel attended for Coloni, although he had been replaced mid season by Bertaggia, who had been poached for this event by Osella.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy, Participants
Finally, EuroBrun was represented by Claudio Langes, who had signed for the team for 1990, replaced Gregor Foitek and Oscar Larrauri who had driven in 1989.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy, Results
De Cesaris was given a bye through the quarter finals. Meanwhile, defending champion Pérez-Sala was drawn against Raphanel, Bertaggia against Langes and Martini against Chiesa. Unsurprisingly, the more experienced Pérez-Sala, Bertaggia and Martini went through to the semi finals.


1989 Formula One Indoor Trophy, Results
De Cesaris would face Pérez-Sala in the first semi-final in a hard to predict match up, which the Spaniard won. His team mate Pierluigi Martini also won through against Enrico Bertaggia, to create an all-Minardi final. Pérez-Sala won the final to take the title for the second year running.


1989 Formula One World Championship
The 1989 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 43rd season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It began on 26 March and ended on 5 November. Alain Prost won his third Drivers' Championship, and McLaren won the Constructors' Championship.


1989 Formula One World Championship
The Drivers' Championship was decided in controversial circumstances at the penultimate race of the season in Japan, when Prost and teammate Ayrton Senna, who needed to win the race, collided in the closing laps. Prost retired while Senna rejoined the track after a push start and crossed the line first, only to be disqualified for not rejoining the track correctly. This handed Prost the title, his last with McLaren before joining Ferrari for 1990.


1989 Formula One World Championship
The season also saw an unprecedented number of entries with 21 constructors originally entered, fielding a total of 40 cars. However, FIRST Racing withdrew from the championship before the opening race, leaving 20 constructors fielding a total of 39 cars, which remains the highest entry in the modern era.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors
The following teams and drivers competed in the 1989 FIA Formula One World Championship. FIRST Racing failed a mandatory FIA pre-season crash test, and withdrew before the opening Brazilian Grand Prix, folding thereafter when attempts to regroup and strengthen the chassis failed to come together.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
McLaren, having won fifteen of the sixteen races in 1988, kept their successful driver line-up of 1985 and 1986 World Champion Alain Prost and defending champion Ayrton Senna. They would drive the new MP4/5 powered by a Honda V10 engine.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Ferrari completed the signing of British driver Nigel Mansell, taking the place of Michele Alboreto alongside Austrian Gerhard Berger. The new 640, designed by John Barnard, featured a semi-automatic electronic gearbox, the first of its kind, as well as the team's first 12-cylinder engine since 1980.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Williams recruited Belgian driver Thierry Boutsen from Benetton as Mansell's replacement, alongside veteran Italian Riccardo Patrese. The team had also done a deal with Renault, returning to F1 after a three-year break, that would see them have exclusive use of the French company's V10 engines. For most of the season, Williams ran with the FW12C, an updated version of their 1988 car, before the new FW13 was introduced at the Portuguese Grand Prix.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Lotus kept their 1988 line-up of triple World Champion Nelson Piquet and Satoru Nakajima, but lost their Honda engines. The new Lotus 101, designed by Frank Dernie, used the Judd V8 engine instead.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Benetton retained Alessandro Nannini and signed British rookie Johnny Herbert to replace Boutsen. However, Herbert was still recovering from severe foot injuries sustained in a Formula 3000 crash at Brands Hatch, and was eventually replaced by McLaren test driver Emanuele Pirro. Benetton continued as the de facto works Ford team, but had to make do with the Cosworth DFR-powered 1988 car, the B188, until the new HB-powered B189 was introduced at the French Grand Prix.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Tyrrell retained Jonathan Palmer and took back Alboreto, who had previously driven for the team between 1981 and 1983. After a sponsorship dispute, Alboreto was replaced by French newcomer Jean Alesi, who at the same time was on his way to winning the F3000 championship.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
The Brabham team returned after missing 1988, with Stefano Modena and Martin Brundle (fresh from winning the 1988 World Sports Prototype Championship) driving the Judd-powered BT58. Both drivers were forced to pre-qualify for the first half of the season.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
The French Larrousse team continued running Lola chassis, but ditched the Ford Cosworth V8 engines in favour of the new Lamborghini V12, designed by Mauro Forghieri. The team started the year with their 1988 line-up of Yannick Dalmas and Philippe Alliot, but Dalmas was recovering from Legionnaires' disease and was eventually replaced by Éric Bernard, who in turn made way for Alboreto.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Zakspeed, having produced their own turbo engines since their debut in 1985, were forced to switch to an outside supplier in the form of Yamaha, the Japanese company appearing in F1 for the first time with its own V8 engine. West German Bernd Schneider, in his second year with the team, and Japan's Aguri Suzuki were both forced to pre-qualify the new 891, designed by Gustav Brunner.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Osella were one of several teams to expand from one car to two, with Nicola Larini being joined by veteran Piercarlo Ghinzani, returning for a third stint with the team. The all-new FA1M was powered by the Ford Cosworth DFR.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
Ligier retained French veteran René Arnoux and signed newcomer Olivier Grouillard, who replaced experience Swede Stefan Johansson. The team also switched from Judd engines to the Ford Cosworth DFR, powering the new JS33.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
AGS had retained Philippe Streiff for 1989, but the Frenchman crashed heavily at Rio while testing prior to the Brazilian Grand Prix, suffering spinal injuries which left him as a quadriplegic and ended his racing career. His place was taken by Gabriele Tarquini, who had planned to drive for the Italian FIRST team that year before they pulled out. AGS also expanded to two cars, the second originally being driven by Joachim Winkelhock, younger brother of the late Manfred Winkelhock.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team and driver changes
After FIRST Racing withdrew from the championship, the only entirely new team for 1989 was Onyx Grand Prix, who had previously enjoyed success as the semi-works March team in Formula Two and Formula 3000. The Onyx ORE-1, designed by Alan Jenkins and powered by the Ford Cosworth DFR, was driven by Johansson and Belgian rookie Bertrand Gachot, who would eventually be replaced by Finnish newcomer JJ Lehto.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Technical and rules changes
Turbocharged engines had been banned at the end of 1988, as the governing body felt them to be making the sport dangerous and expensive.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Technical and rules changes
The arrival of the Onyx team, the return of Brabham, and the expansion of other teams from one car to two meant that there were now 39 cars, from 20 teams, competing for 26 places on the starting grid. Only 30 cars were allowed to take part in the main qualifying sessions, so pre-qualifying was retained from 1988. As before, this consisted of a separate one-hour session on Friday morning (Thursday morning at Monaco), with the four fastest cars advancing to the main qualifying sessions, but this time there were 13 cars taking part. For the first half of 1989, these consisted of the two Onyxes and the two Brabhams, plus the two Osellas, the two Zakspeeds, the single EuroBrun and the second car from four other teams that had expanded from one car to two: Rial, Dallara, AGS and Coloni.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Technical and rules changes
At the halfway point of the season, 15 of the 20 teams had scored points, and so the top 13 – all of whom ran two cars and had scored at least three points – would automatically take part in the main qualifying sessions for the second half of the year. The second Dallara and both Brabhams were thus promoted into these sessions, these teams having scored eight and five points respectively, while Rial's three points meant that their second car, driven by Volker Weidler, was also promoted despite Weidler having not once managed to pre-qualify. Both Larrousse-Lolas and the lead Coloni of Roberto Moreno were demoted to the pre-qualifying session, as was the lead AGS of Gabriele Tarquini despite his point for sixth in Mexico.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Technical and rules changes
Another new regulation decreed by FISA was that, in the interest of safety, the driver's feet must be situated behind the front axle-line. This rule had been introduced in 1988 and teams were free to incorporate it if they chose, but it was only made compulsory in 1989. Designers introduced smaller and more cramped cockpits, at the expense of driver comfort. The problem was first highlighted at the opening round in Brazil, with focus on the Ross Brawn-designed Arrows cars. Both drivers, Derek Warwick and Eddie Cheever, suffered severe cramping and felt that the new regulations were in fact making it more dangerous, Cheever saying that "if (he) got sideways ... (he) simply cannot correct with the steering wheel" due to his lanky frame.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Technical and rules changes
Race distances were standardised at 305 km (190 mi), except at the slower street circuits like Monaco, in order to keep the races within the two-hour time limit. In 1989, the race distances varied from 292 km (181 mi) to 311 km (193 mi), with the aforementioned exceptions.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Pre-season testing
As was the tradition in Formula One in the 1980s, pre-season testing took place at the Jacarepaguá Autodrome in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Teams would travel there for 10 days in March to test and acclimatise to Rio's very hot and humid weather. The 1989 testing sessions saw several major accidents. Thierry Boutsen crashed heavily in his Williams, and later, Frenchman Philippe Streiff crashed violently at the third corner, a fast, flat out left hander called Suspiro. The AGS-Ford he was driving broke its rear suspension and he went head-on into the barriers. The impact broke the car's roll-over bar, and Streiff suffered severe back injuries and was left in a coma. He survived but was permanently paralyzed from the neck down.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 1: Brazil
The climate as the Formula One circus arrived at Jacarepaguá was one of much optimism in what many saw as a new age, with many revelling in the brutal and much more appealing sounds of the V10 and V12 engines. Brazil proved to be an excitement filled race, and dramatic too. Qualifying had a few surprises, with Riccardo Patrese, scoring his first front row start since 1983, next to the home favourite, world champion Ayrton Senna. Williams and Renault were both surprised by the position, but both highly pleased with Thierry Boutsen qualifying fourth alongside the high powered Ferrari of Berger and in front of Prost who could only manage 5th.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 1: Brazil
The race started with a bang, as Senna's hopes at a home Grand Prix victory were dashed after a clash with Berger in the first turn. In what would prove to be a regular occurrence during the season, the semi-automatic transmission in the Ferrari 640 allowed Berger to get a lightning start from 3rd on the grid and he attempted to go inside of Senna and Patrese into the turn. Senna refused to give room, causing a collision that destroyed the front wing of his car.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 1: Brazil
Patrese got through unscathed and in the lead of his record-breaking 177th Grand Prix start whilst Berger was out on the spot (the first of 10 straight retirements for the Austrian driver) while Senna was forced to pit for repairs and would finish the race 2 laps down in 11th place.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 1: Brazil
Double world champion Alain Prost's McLaren had been having problems all weekend with the Frenchman finding the McLaren MP4/5 hard to set up, and when his two stop strategy was ruined by a clutch failure, he knew he had to continue the race having made just one of his scheduled two pit stops on the notoriously abrasive Rio circuit. He finished second.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 1: Brazil
Nigel Mansell secured a surprising win for the Scuderia, with no problems despite ongoing gearbox faults all weekend and a lack of winter testing (Mansell also had the steering wheel come loose on the back straight and had to have it changed in his final stop, which luckily was scheduled for the end of that lap). The final step of the podium was taken by local Maurício Gugelmin. Grand Prix debutant Johnny Herbert, Derek Warwick and Alessandro Nannini scored the remaining points. Warwick was desperately unlucky. He lost over 20 seconds in a slow pit stop and only finished 17.8 seconds behind Mansell at the finish suggesting a win (which would have been both his and Arrows' first) or podium place had gone begging.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 1: Brazil
During the awards ceremony, Mansell cut his hand open on the trophy, ending the celebration early.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 1: Brazil
This was to be the last race at this fast, flat and abrasive Jacarepaguá circuit in Rio de Janeiro. Formula One would move to a shortened Interlagos circuit in Senna's hometown of São Paulo for the 1990 season onwards.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 2: San Marino
At Imola in Italy, "normal service" was resumed. McLaren settled on the front row of the grid and stayed that way for the race, with Mansell's Ferrari retiring midway with gearbox issues. Gerhard Berger, despite showing promise by setting the fastest time in the wet Friday qualifying, suffered front wing failure thanks to Berger's curb hopping style and careened off the track at Tamburello at high speed and hit the concrete retaining wall very hard and spun multiple times along the wall.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 2: San Marino
This forced the race to be stopped after the fuel spilled all over Berger's car burst into flames after the car came to a standstill. Berger miraculously survived with just a broken rib, shoulder bone and burns to his back and hands, due to rescue crews removing him from the wreck in less than 60 secs. He gave a thumbs up and the race was restarted not too long after. Senna went on to win with Prost second. Patrese's engine failed and Boutsen was disqualified (but he got his 4th position back in an appeal), so the third place was taken by the Benetton Ford of Alessandro Nannini. Warwick and Tyrrell's Jonathan Palmer secured the remaining point paying positions.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 2: San Marino
After the Grand Prix, Prost seemed disgruntled and said he wished to not make a comment on the race, other than that "orders were not respected". Senna refused to comment on the matter. Before the race at Monaco, Prost said he wanted "nothing to do with (Senna)" and refused to speak with him.


1989 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Race 3: Monaco
With Berger out, there were 29 cars in qualifying instead of 30, because Ferrari did not have a replacement driver. Senna had scored his third pole of the season, with the number 2 car of Prost again alongside. March introduced their new 1989 design. Senna went on to win by almost a whole minute over Prost while Stefano Modena secured a valuable third for the underfunded Brabham team on its return to Formula One after a year out. This result effectively allowed Brabham to avoid prequalifying in the second half of the season. Modena, however, failed to score any points in any other Grand Prix in 1989. Alex Caffi finished 4th in the Dallara while Michele Alboreto secured his first points since leaving Ferrari for Tyrrell. Martin Brundle scored the remaining point by finishing 6th.