1988 Scottish Superprix
The 1988 Scottish Superprix, saw the cars from the British Formula Three series visit Knockhill, north of Dunfermline, for a non-championship race, on 7 August.


1988 Scottish Superprix, Report, Entry
A total of just eight F3 cars were entered for this the first of two non-British Championship races in 1988.


1988 Scottish Superprix, Report, Qualifying
Gary Brabham took pole position for Jack Brabham Racing team in their Volkswagen-engined Ralt RT32, averaging a speed of 89.821 mph.


1988 Scottish Superprix, Report, Race
The race was held over 25 laps of the Knockhill circuit. Gary Brabham took the winner spoils for the Jack Brabham Racing team, driving their Ralt-Volkswagen RT32. The Australian won in a time of 22:10.8mins., averaging a speed of 87.911 mph. Second place went to Ross Hockenhull in Bowman Racing’s Ralt-Volkswagen RT32, who was 5.1s behind. The Reynard 873 of Scott Stringfellow completed the podium for the Jim Lee Racing.


1988 Scottish local elections
Local elections were held in Scotland on 5 May 1988, to elect members to all 53 district councils under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which had established the two-tier system of regions and districts.


1988 Seattle Mariners season
The Seattle Mariners 1988 season was their 12th since the franchise creation, and ended the season finishing 7th in the American League West with a record of 68–93 (.422).


1988 Seattle Mariners season, Offseason
|Philadelphia Phillies]] for Glenn Wilson, Mike Jackson, and Dave Brundage (minors).


1988 Seattle Mariners season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1988 Seattle Seahawks season
The 1988 Seattle Seahawks season was the team's 13th season with the National Football League. The Seahawks won their first division title in the AFC West. They won the division with only a 9–7 record and finished with only a +10-point differential.


1988 Seattle Seahawks season
The team never went under .500 during the season and clinched the AFC West in Week 16 with a 43–37 shootout win over the Los Angeles Raiders. The Seahawks were the #3 seed in the AFC playoffs; they lost 21–13 on the road in the Divisional round to the top-seeded Cincinnati Bengals on December 31.


1988 Seattle Seahawks season
In late August, Ken Behring and partner Ken Hofmann purchased the team from the Nordstrom family for $80 million.


1988 Seattle Seahawks season, Schedule, Regular season
Divisional matchups have the AFC West playing the NFC West.


1988 Seattle Seahawks season, Game Summaries, Postseason
Seattle entered the postseason as the #3 seed in the AFC.


1988 Segunda División de Chile
The 1988 Segunda División de Chile was the 37th season of the Segunda División de Chile.


1988 Senegalese general election
General elections were held in Senegal on 28 February 1988 to elect a President and National Assembly. Incumbent President Abdou Diouf defeated three other candidates in the presidential election, whilst in the National Assembly election Diouf's Socialist Party won 103 of the 120 seats. Voter turnout was 57.9% in the Assembly election and 58.8 in the presidential election.


1988 Senior League World Series
The 1988 Senior League World Series took place from August 15–20 in Kissimmee, Florida, United States. Pingtung, Taiwan defeated Maracaibo, Venezuela in the championship game.


1988 Senior PGA Tour
The 1988 Senior PGA Tour was the ninth season since the Senior PGA Tour officially began in 1980 (it was renamed the Champions Tour in 2003 and PGA Tour Champions in 2016). The season consisted of 34 official money events with purses totalling $10,370,000, including three majors. Bob Charles and Gary Player won the most tournaments, five. The tournament results, leaders, and award winners are listed below.


1988 Senior PGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1988 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Senior majors are shown in bold.


1988 Seoul Open
The 1988 Seoul Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the second edition of the tournament and was played at Seoul in South Korea from April 18 through April 25, 1988.


1988 Seoul Open, Finals, Doubles
Andrew Castle /  Roberto Saad defeated  Gary Donnelly /  Jim Grabb 6–7, 6–4, 7–6


1988 Seoul Open – Doubles
Eric Korita and Mike Leach were the defending champions, but did not participate together this year. Korita partnered Brad Pearce, losing in the first round. Leach did not participate this year.


1988 Seoul Open – Doubles
Andrew Castle and Roberto Saad won in the final 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, against Gary Donnelly and Jim Grabb.


1988 Seoul Open – Singles
Jim Grabb was the defending champion, but lost in the first round this year.


1988 Seoul Open – Singles
Dan Goldie won the tournament, beating Andrew Castle in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 6–0.


1988 Sheffield City Council election
Elections to Sheffield City Council were held on 5 May 1988. One third of the council was up for election.


1988 Sheffield City Council election, Election result
This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:


1988 Shell Rimula X season
The 1988 Shell Rimula-X Diesel Oilers season was the 4th season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Known as Shell Helix Oilers in the Open Conference.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Notable dates
April 17: The Shell Helix Oilers rode high on the heroics of Leo Austria's back-to-back triples going into the last two minutes to prevail over Purefoods Hotdogs, 125-119, for their first victory of the season after six losses. Import Vincent Askew, who replaces Durand Macklin after four games, topscored with 31 points.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Notable dates
July 30: Leo Austria sank a jumper with a second left in the extension period as Shell ends its woes with a 117-116 overtime victory over Añejo Rum in Batangas City for their second win in eight outings in the All-Filipino Conference, snapping their five-game losing streak and give acting coach Charlie Favis his first win since taking over the post vacated by Joe Lipa. New recruit Freddie Hubalde, formerly of Purefoods, now playing with the Oilers, topscored with 29 points.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Notable dates
October 2: Ronnie Magsanoc scored 12 of his 15 points in the last period to lift Shell past Presto Ice Cream, 125-120, at the start of the Reinforced Conference.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Notable dates
October 18: Bobby Parks scored a career-high 63 points to give Shell its fifth win in six games, a 134-124 victory over winless Purefoods Hotdogs.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Notable dates
November 24: Shell moves closer to one of the two finals berth in the Reinforced Conference, repeating over San Miguel in the semifinals, 124-122, it was their fifth win in six outings in the semifinal round.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Occurrences
Former Toyota coach Dante Silverio return to coaching during the Third Conference, replacing Joe Lipa after Shell had a forgettable first two conferences, placing last both times with a combined record of 4 wins and 18 losses. The Diesel Oilers beat the other teams in securing last year's Reinforced Conference best import Bobby Parks, who was prevented from returning to the ballclub he led to the championship last season; San Miguel Beermen, due to the PBA ruling of one old, one new import per team. Parks teamed up with Continental Basketball Association (CBA) standout Derrick Rowland.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Occurrences
In Game five of the Reinforced Conference finals, the San Miguel Beermen had the championship all wrapped up with a minute left and started prematurely celebrating, confetti and balloons were already released from the ceiling, irked by what the SMB people did, Shell coach Dante Silverio ordered his team to walkout and headed to the dugout with still 36 seconds remaining, the Beermen on top, 147-138. The last game of the season almost ended on a bizarre note, league officials were able to convince coach Dante Silverio and the Shell team to come back and finish the game, the clock was reset at 1:11 and the score 145-134 for San Miguel.


1988 Shell Rimula X season, Finals stint
Under new coach Dante Silverio, Shell began winning with their new-found character, the Diesel Oilers made it all the way to the Third Conference finals against defending champion San Miguel Beermen, played well as an underdog in eventually losing 1-4 in the best-of-seven series.


1988 Singapore Open – Doubles (women's tennis)
Anna-Maria Fernandez and Julie Richardson were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1988 Singapore Open – Doubles (women's tennis)
Natalia Bykova and Natalia Medvedeva won in the final 7–6, 6–3 against Leila Meskhi and Svetlana Parkhomenko.


1988 Singapore Open – Doubles (women's tennis), Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. The top three seeded teams received a bye into the quarterfinals.


1988 Singapore Open – Singles (women's tennis)
Anne Minter was the defending champion but lost in the quarter-finals to Natalia Bykova.


1988 Singapore Open – Singles (women's tennis)
Monique Javer won in the final 7–6, 6–3 against Leila Meskhi.


1988 Singapore Open – Singles (women's tennis), Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1988 Singaporean general election
General elections were held in Singapore on 3 September 1988. President Wee Kim Wee dissolved parliament on 17 August 1988 on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won 80 of the 81 seats.


1988 Singaporean general election, Overview
Group Representation Constituencies were introduced in this general election to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament, starting with three joint constituencies. This was the last time Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led the PAP in an election and another two stalwarts, former Deputy Prime Minister Dr Toh Chin Chye and Senior Minister S. Rajaratnam, retired for the PAP's renewal process.


1988 Singaporean general election, Overview
This was also the first election where changes to electoral boundaries were approved by the Prime Minister's Office instead of tabling a bill in Parliament to approve changes.


1988 Singaporean general election, Overview
Two seats were vacated in 1986 but neither held its by-elections - Workers' Party (WP) Member of Parliament and leader J. B. Jeyaretnam (of Anson) and PAP incumbent Teh Cheang Wan (of Geylang West), vacated its seats due to conviction over falsified party accounts, and suicide over investigations for corruption, respectively. WP absorbed the two parties, Barisan Sosialis (BS) and Singapore United Front to become the largest opposition party and also allied with the Malay party PKMS as one faction. The election also saw the debut of WP candidate Low Thia Khiang in Tiong Bahru Group Representation Constituency. While Low failed to capture a seat on his first outing, he would later go on to win Hougang Single Member Constituency in the next election and become the party's secretary-general as well as one of the longest-serving opposition leaders until 2020.


1988 Singaporean general election, Overview
With the Singapore Democratic Party leader's Chiam See Tong sole victory in the seat of Potong Pasir, two Non-Constituency MP seats were offered to former solicitor-general and Law Society president, Francis Seow and veteran politician Dr Lee Siew Choh, both of which were standing under the WP ticket in Eunos Group Representation Constituency; their campaign was notable for criticizing PAP for alleged dubious financial circumstances; in response Minister of State Tay Eng Soon went to lead their PAP team for Eunos.


1988 Singaporean general election, Overview
Despite losing by a narrow margin of 49.1%-50.9%, WP were eligible for the NCMP; however, Seow fled the country on 17 December to avoid arrest and was disqualified from the post while Lee took up the offer and became Singapore's first NCMP, marking Lee's return to Parliament after 25 years since his last stint as a PAP and BS legislator. Once again, there was a significant increase of election deposit.


1988 Singaporean general election, Overview
In November 1990, two years after the election, the Nominated MP scheme was implemented to introduce non-partisan voices into the legislature. Although the law allowed up to six NMPs, two were appointed at the start and served for a year before the Parliament term ended.


1988 Singaporean general election, Electoral boundaries
1988 was the first election in Singapore's history to introduce the Group Representation Constituency (GRC) scheme, which were formed with series of three (later elections increases up to six) constituencies/divisions with at least one minority member representing to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament, thus cumulating the effects with Plurality-at-large voting. Additionally, single member constituencies (SMC) were either formed from or absorbed to neighboring constituencies due to development and electorate, which was shown in the table below:


1988 Skate America
The 1988 Skate America was held at the Cumberland County Civic Center in Portland, Maine. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.


1988 Skate Canada International
The 1988 Skate Canada International was held in Thunder Bay, Ontario on October 29–31. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.


1988 Skye and Lochalsh District Council election
Elections to the Skye and Lochalsh District Council took place in May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts. The number of seats and the total vote share won by each party is listed below.


1988 Sligo Intermediate Football Championship
This is a round-up of the 1988 Sligo Intermediate Football Championship. Tourlestrane were relegated to Intermediate level for the first time, but ensured a swift return to Senior football after defeating Calry/St. Joseph's, themselves having emerged from the Junior grade, in the final.


1988 Sligo Senior Football Championship
This is a round-up of the 1988 Sligo Senior Football Championship. St. Patrick's, Dromard regained the Owen B. Hunt Cup after a fourteen-year wait, and it was a hard-earned title, having defeated the two leading lights of the 1980s - holders St. Mary's and Tubbercurry. St. Mary's were seen off emphatically after a quarter-final replay, bringing the curtain down on a remarkable era for the Sligo town club, and the Dromard side defeated Tubbercurry by a single point in the final.


1988 Sligo Senior Football Championship, Sligo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:S. ClarkeJ. KilcullenD. FoleyJ. KielyT. KilgallonP. KilgallonJ. DorranG. Boland (1-0)T. Mahon (0-2)T. Clarke (0-1)S. Reilly (Capt)O. CavanaghJ. ClarkeJ. Kearins (1-2)N. Kearins (0-1)


1988 Sligo Senior Football Championship, Sligo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:P. KilcoyneJ. StensonG. GilmartinT. KilloranL. GilmartinO. WynneP. GilmartinE. GilmartinJ. MurphyP. ReganB. Kilcoyne (0-3)P. Seevers (0-7)R. McCarrickD. LeenM. Curran


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election
The 1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election was called in the United Kingdom following the formation of the then Social and Liberal Democrats (later shortening their name to "Liberal Democrats"). It was intended to replace the two interim leaders, David Steel and Robert Maclennan, with a single figurehead better able to represent both the former members of the Liberal Party and of the Social Democratic Party.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election
There were two candidates and all members of the party were balloted using the Alternative Vote preference system. The election was won by Paddy Ashdown, who served as leader until his stepping down in 1999. The campaign occurred in a party which was still coping with the merger and saw a vituperative attack on Ashdown in a letter written by Alex Carlile, a Beith-supporting MP.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election, Leadership campaign, Merger and after
The build-up to the leadership campaign began as soon as the party was formally merged in March 1988 — David Steel had made it clear that he did not want to continue as leader after the struggles of the Alliance days, plus he had already led the Liberals for over a decade, and David Owen had entered the political wilderness. At that stage in the party's development, there were still serious divisions between former Liberals and former SDP members.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election, Leadership campaign, Merger and after
Potential candidates for the leadership were identified almost immediately. Paddy Ashdown was already well known in the party before he became an MP in 1983, mainly as a result of the Youth Charter he formulated as a result of his experience of working with unemployed youngsters. His unusual background (for a Liberal) as a soldier and diplomat also attracted attention. Once elected, he quickly made a name for himself as someone who was not scared to say what he thought, frequently got into trouble as a result of indiscreet conversations with the press, and displayed boundless, indefatigable energy. He was widely recognised within and outwith the party as someone to keep a (wary) eye on.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election, Leadership campaign, Merger and after
Alan Beith was a complete contrast — a quiet Methodist lay-preacher, he embodied traditional Liberal values and beliefs and was seenas someone who would guard the Liberals' political integrity. He was also a very strong Parliamentary performer. Other potential candidates talked about within the party and mentioned by the press and media were Russell Johnston, Malcolm Bruce and Robert Maclennan, briefly leader of the SDP at the time of merger. In the end, however, they all decided not to stand and Bruce became Chairof Ashdown's campaign. David Steel, as outgoing Liberal leader, and Jim Wallace, as Chief Whip, stayed strictly neutral throughout the campaign.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election, Leadership campaign, Merger and after
The election was an all-member ballot using the alternative vote system. This was a unique method for electing a leader among the major political parties in the UK. In both the Labour and Conservative parties, leaders were (and still are) elected by MPs and other sections of the party using electoral colleges, and in the case of the Conservatives, a complicated series of ballots. The one-member one-vote system of election used in the Liberal Democrats' 1988 leadership election attracted considerable attention from the press because of this.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election, Leadership campaign, Merger and after
As with the 1999 election, there was an artificial "cold war" period before the serious election period started, but as there was no moratorium on campaigning before the official campaign, the period was used for intensive behind-the-scenes negotiations with potential supporters. Because of the recent merger, it was seen as essential for leadership candidates to have support from ex-SDP members as well as ex-Liberals. Both teams also spent their time planning their press and media strategies, the timetable for keynote speeches and hustings, and general publicity.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election, Leadership campaign, Merger and after
Just before the real contest started, Alan Beith's campaign got off to an unfortunate start when one of his supporters — reputedly Alex Carlile released a list of fifteen reasons why Ashdown was not fit to be elected. Beith eventually condemned the letter after intervention from David Steel and other senior party members, but the move had introduced a sour note.


1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election, Candidates
At the close of nominations on the 24 June 1988, the following had been successfully nominated.


1988 Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council election
The Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council elections were held on Thursday, 5 May 1988, with one third of the council to be elected. Prior to the election, Packwood councillor, Kenneth Meeson, had defected from Independent to the Conservatives. The Conservatives retained control of the council.


1988 Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council election, Election result
This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:


1988 Sonoma State Cossacks football team
The 1988 Sonoma State Cossacks football team represented Sonoma State during the 1988 NCAA Division II football season. Sonoma State competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference in 1988.


1988 Sonoma State Cossacks football team
The 1988 Cossacks were led by second-year head coach Marty Fine. They played home games at Cossacks Stadium in Rohnert Park, California. Sonoma State finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5–5, 3–2 NCAC). The Cossacks were outscored by their opponents 200–225 for the season. This was the last season for the Cossacks with Coach Fine at the helm. He finished his two years at Sonoma State with a record of 10–11, a .476 winning percentage.


1988 Sonoma State Cossacks football team, Team players in the NFL
No Sonoma State players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1988 Sorø derailment
The Sorø derailment of 25 April 1988 happened when an Intercity train IC104 from Fredericia, Jutland to Copenhagen jumped the rails 800 meters west of the entrance of the station of Sorø, resulting in eight deaths and 72 passengers injured.


1988 Sorø derailment, Context
The train consisted of the ME locomotive (1535) with seven passenger cars carrying about 300 passengers. It was about five minutes late after the ferry crossing the Storebælt. Due to construction work on the transit track at Sorø, the train was supposed to drive through Sorø station on the passing track.


1988 Sorø derailment, Derailment
The train reached the points before the western end of Sorø Station at a higher speed than allowed when driving from the through track to the passing tracks (the limit was 40 km/h (25 mph)). According to the accident group's assessment, the speed was not less than 100 km/h (62 mph), which caused the derailment. The locomotive was not equipped with a tachograph, so that the exact speed of the train after the accident could not be determined.


1988 Sorø derailment, Derailment
While the locomotive and the first two coaches remained upright, some of the coaches in the train rolled over, with one in particular (the fifth) ending perpendicular to the tracks and with one end having ridden over the fourth coach. A large boulder was discovered to have made considerable damage to the third and fourth coaches, completely smashing five compartments, where most of the deaths occurred.


1988 Sorø derailment, Rescue operation
The rescue operation following the accident was described as problematic. The various rescue services each used their own radio system and had difficulties communicating. Furthermore, the equipment of first responders was not suited for sizeable accidents, some carrying only axes, circular saws, ladders.


1988 Sorø derailment, Rescue operation
According to the accident report, 8 people were killed and 72 were injured, of which 11 were serious (at the hearing in February 1989, it was stated that 70 were injured, 8 of whom were serious).


1988 Sorø derailment, Conviction
The driver was convicted on 28 February 1989 for gross negligence on duty causing a railway accident and for a number of other offences of negligence.


1988 Sorø derailment, Consequences
According to one source, after this accident, the need for development of automatic train control on Danish railways was more clearly understood. Danish State Railways had been evaluating a modern train protection system since 1978. In 1988 they tasked Siemens to create a system for the Danish railway network. Installation was begun in 1992, and by 1996, the ZUB 123 train protection system by Siemens was in effect. By the 2020s, the European Train Control System is planned to replace the legacy system.


1988 Soul Train Music Awards
The 1988 Soul Train Music Awards were held on March 30, 1988, at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. The show was broadcast live in select cities and aired later in other areas. Dionne Warwick hosted.


1988 South African Open (tennis)
The 1988 South African Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Johannesburg, South Africa as part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 85th edition of the tournament and was held from 14 November through 20 November 1988. Second-seeded Jakob Hlasek won the singles title.


1988 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Singles
Jakob Hlasek defeated  Christo van Rensburg 6–7, 6–4, 6–1, 7–6


1988 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Doubles
Kevin Curren /  David Pate defeated  Gary Muller /  Tim Wilkison 7–6, 6–4


1988 South African Professional Championship
The 1988 South African Professional Championship was a non-ranking snooker tournament, which took place in January 1988. The tournament featured four South African players.


1988 South African Professional Championship
Francois Ellis won the title, beating Jimmy van Rensberg 9–4 in the final.


1988 South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 1988 South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Rosario, Argentina, October 1988. It was the sixth edition of the South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships.


1988 South American Cross Country Championships
The 1988 South American Cross Country Championships took place on February 22, 1988. The races were held in Tandil, Argentina.


1988 South American Cross Country Championships
Complete results, results for junior and youth competitions, and medal winners were published.


1988 South American Cross Country Championships, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 3 countries participated.


1988 South American Junior Championships in Athletics
The 20th South American Junior Championships in Athletics were held in Cubatão, Brazil from June 30-July 3, 1988.


1988 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)
Detailed result lists can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website. An unofficial count yields the number of about 254 athletes from about 10 countries:  Argentina (49), Bolivia (7), Brazil (62), Chile (24), Colombia (4), Ecuador (21), Paraguay (31), Peru (19), Uruguay (22), Venezuela (15).


1988 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Medal winners are published for men and womenComplete results can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website.


1988 South American Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
The 1988 South American Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were held in Rosario, Argentina, October 1988.


1988 South American U-16 Championship
The 1988 South American Under-16 Football Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano Sub-16 Ecuador 1988, Brazilian Portuguese: Campeonato Sul-Americano Sub-16 Ecuador 1988) was the 3rd edition of the South American Under-17 Football Championship, a football competition for the under-16 national teams in South America organized by CONMEBOL. It was held in Ecuador from 15 to 30 October 1988.


1988 South American U-16 Championship
Brazil were crowned champions, and together with Argentina and Colombia, which were the top three teams of this tournament, qualified for the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship in Scotland.


1988 South American U-16 Championship, First stage
The top two teams in each group advanced to the final stage.


1988 South American U-16 Championship, First stage
When teams finished level of points, the final rankings were determined according to:


1988 South American U-16 Championship, Final stage
When teams finished level of points, the final rankings were determined according to the same criteria as the first stage, taking into account only matches in the final stage.


1988 South American U-16 Championship, Qualified teams for FIFA U-16 World Championship
The following three teams from CONMEBOL qualified for the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship.


1988 South American U-20 Championship
The South American Youth Championship 1988 was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It also served as qualification for the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1988 South American U-20 Championship, Qualification to World Youth Championship
The three best performing teams qualified for the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1988 South American Under-16 Football Championship squads
The 1988 South American U-16 Championship was an international association football tournament held in Ecuador. The ten national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad; only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. Each player had to have been born after 1 January 1972.


1988 South American Youth Championships in Athletics
The 9th South American Youth Championships in Athletics were held in Cuenca, Ecuador, from September 2–4, 1988.


1988 South American Youth Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Medal winners are published for boys and girls. Complete results can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website.


1988 South American Youth Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
All results are marked as "affected by altitude" (A), because Cuenca is located at 2,560 metres above sea level.


1988 South American Youth Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)
Detailed result lists can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website. An unofficial count yields the number of about 190 athletes from about 9 countries:


1988 South Australian Open
The 1988 South Australian Open also known for this event as the Australian Hard Court Championships was a Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament held at Memorial Drive in Adelaide, Australia. The tournament was held from 28 December 1987 to 5 January 1988. Third-seeded Mark Woodforde won the singles title.


1988 South Australian Open, Finals, Doubles
Darren Cahill /  Mark Kratzmann defeated  Carl Limberger /  Mark Woodforde 4–6, 6–2, 7–5


1988 South Australian Open – Doubles
Ivan Lendl and Bill Scanlon were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.


1988 South Australian Open – Doubles
Darren Cahill and Mark Kratzmann won the title, defeating Carl Limberger and Mark Woodforde 4–6, 6–2, 7–5 in the final.


1988 South Australian Open – Singles
Mark Woodforde defeated Wally Masur 6–2, 6–4 to secure the title.


1988 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1988 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as an independent team in the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. They finished with eight wins and four losses (8–4) and with a loss against Indiana in the 1988 Liberty Bowl. The Gamecocks were led by head coach Joe Morrison in his final season as head coach prior to his dying of a heart attack in February 1989.


1988 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Roster
Todd Ellis – QB;Mike Dingle – RB;Harold Green – RB;Robert Brooks – WR;Jamie Penland- WR;Patrick Hinton – LB;Ron Rabune – Safety;Robert Robinson – CB;Kevin Hendrix – DE;Collin Mackie – Kicker;Keith Bing – RBMike Dingle – RBGerald Williams – RBAlbert Haynes – RBRay Bolton – RBEddie Miller WRCarl Platt – WRGeorge Rush – WRAnthony Parlor – WRHardin Brown – WRVic McConnell – WRBill


1988 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Roster
Zorr – WRDarren Greene – WRKen Watson – TETrent Simpson – TEMark Fryer – OLIke Harris – OLRandy Harwell – OL Paul Shivers – OL Calvin Stephens – OL Dany Branch – OL Charles Gowan – OL Kenny Haynes – OL Marty Dye – DLDerrick Frazier – DLTim High – DLDavid Taylor – DLPatrick Blackwell – DLKevin Hendrix – DLKurt Wilson – DLTheartis Woodard – DLPatrick Hinton – LBDerrick Little – LBMatt McKernan – LBCorey Miller – LBKeith Emmons – LBMike Tolbert – DBRon Rabune . DBRobert Robinson – DBStephane Williams – DBDale Campbell – DBMike Conway – DBPat Turner – DB


1988 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, References, Additional sources
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1988 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, References, Additional sources
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1988 South Coast state by-election
A by-election was held in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland seat of South Coast on 28 August 1988. It was triggered by the resignation of sitting National Party member Russ Hinze.


1988 South Coast state by-election
The seat was retained by the National Party with the election of candidate Judy Gamin.


1988 South Coast state by-election, Background
Russ Hinze was first elected to parliament at the 1966 state election as the Country Party member for South Coast. In 1974, he became a minister in the government of Joh Bjelke-Petersen, holding several portfolios up until the end of Bjelke-Petersen's reign in December 1987. Like Bjelke-Petersen, Hinze was disgraced by the revelations of the Fitzgerald Inquiry, a probe into government and police corruption. He was therefore left out of the new government led by Premier Mike Ahern. Hinze became a fierce critic of Ahern before resigning his seat on 24 May 1988.


1988 South Coast state by-election, Background
Due to recent losses by the Nationals at the Barambah state and Groom federal by-elections, winning South Coast was seen as critical by the Nationals.


1988 South Coast state by-election, Candidates
The by-election attracted a field of ten candidates. With South Coast being a reliably conservative electorate, the two most notable candidates were therefore those of the National Party and the Liberal Party; businesswomen and regional party vice-president Judy Gamin and Bob Quinn respectively. Lindsay Hartwig, formerly a National Party and independent member for the rural seat of Callide, stood on behalf of the far right Citizens Electoral Council. Philip Black, a supporter of Joh Bjelke-Petersen and former Young Nationals president who had been expelled from the National Party, ran as an independent with Sir Joh's verbal endorsement. Bruce Whiteside, founder of the anti-Japanese investment group "Heart of a Nation", also nominated, although his New Zealand citizenship posed a public perception problem for his campaign given the number of New Zealand companies buying up land in the Gold Coast.


1988 South Coast state by-election, Results
Judy Gamin of the National Party prevailed narrowly over the Liberal Party's Bob Quinn.


1988 South Coast state by-election, Aftermath
Seeking a second term as the member for South Coast, Judy Gamin was defeated at the 1989 state election by Bob Quinn who was once again standing as the Liberal Party candidate.


1988 South Korean legislative election
Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 26 April 1988. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Justice Party (DJP), which won 125 of the 299 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 75.8%. This was the first time in Korean history the ruling party did not win a majority in the National Assembly since 1950. In January 1990, the DJP merged with other two opposition parties, leaving Kim Dae-jung-led Peace Democratic Party to be the sole opposition party.


1988 South Korean legislative election, Parties
The governing Democratic Justice Party (DJP) had recently elected President Roh Tae-woo. While remaining the largest party, the DJP lost its absolute parliamentary majority. The party was hindered by a stronger opposition and the unpopularity of former party leader and President Chun Doo-hwan.


1988 South Korean legislative election, Parties
The opposition Peace Democratic Party led by veteran opposition leader Kim Dae-jung became the second largest party, winning more seats than another opposition Reunification Democratic Party (RDP). This was vindication for Kim Dae-jung, who came had come third in the 1987 South Korean presidential election. However, the election also showed the party's limitations, coming in as third place after DJP and RDP in popular vote and only winning seats in the Honam and Sudogwon, and nowhere outside of them.


1988 South Korean legislative election, Parties
For Kim Young-sam's Reunification Democratic Party the election was a major setback, winning third most seats in the parliament. This was after Kim had placed second in the first democratic presidential election, just ahead of Kim Dae-jung.


1988 South Korean legislative election, Parties
The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP) led by former prime Minister Kim Jong-pil came a distant fourth. However, thanks to the failure of the DJP to win an absolute majority, the oppositions emerged as the major powerbrokers in the new National Assembly.


1988 South Korean legislative election, Parties
In January 1990, the DJP merged with the parties of Kim-Young Sam and Kim Jong-Pil to form the Democratic Liberal Party, with the former becoming its nominee in the 1992 presidential elections.


1988 South Korean legislative election, Parties
There were 224 constituency seats and 75 at large seats elected by proportional representation.


1988 Southeastern Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1988 Southeastern Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Dudy Noble Field in Starkville, MS from May 12th through May 15th. Florida won the tournament and earned the Southeastern Conference's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Tournament.


1988 Southern 500
The 1988 Southern 500, the 39th running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on September 4, 1988, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.


1988 Southern 500
All the wives of the participating NASCAR drivers received a special racing pass that allowed them to access all aspects of racing life except for the pits where the drivers' crew did their actual work.


1988 Southern 500, Background
Darlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as "The Lady in Black" or "The Track Too Tough to Tame" and advertised as a "NASCAR Tradition", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.


1988 Southern 500, Background
The track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198 km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.


1988 Southern 500, Summary
Lasting almost four hours, this final "traditional" Southern 500 racing event would feature Bill Elliott (employed at that time by Mr. Harry Melling of Melling Racing) defeating Rusty Wallace (employed by Raymond Beadle Blue Max Racing racing team during this era) by 0.24 seconds; the average speed of the race was 128.297 miles per hour (206.474 km/h). Four drivers would fail to qualify for this race; which had ten cautions for a whopping 49 laps. 74000


1988 Southern 500, Summary
people would attend the race to see 367 laps of racing action; last-place finisher Harry Gant would only finish 50 of them due to engine difficulties. Twenty-four different changes would be made for the first-place position of the race. The pole winner was also the winner of the race; qualifying with speeds up to 160.827 miles per hour (258.826 km/h). Both Richard Petty and his son Kyle would compete in this race. Notable drivers at the race also included Darrell Waltrip, Terry Labonte, and Alan Kulwicki.


1988 Southern 500, Summary
Despite being the 21st round of the 1988 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, this was the first Cup race in 1988 to have any driver get the pole, lead the most laps and win. Rusty Wallace faired fairly well at this race; he just could never win the race because Bill Elliott was already ahead for at least four lengths car lengths in turns 3 and 4.


1988 Southern 500, Summary
Just like in 1985, Elliott dominates and wins the Southern 500 and leaves there leading the points. Unlike 1985, the Melling team has a strong, consistent run to the end of the season to claim the Winston Cup title for 1988.


1988 Southern 500, Summary
Two different drivers would be involved in accidents; Derrike Cope on lap 203 and Ken Ragan on lap 308. A stock car carrying the Ford manufacturer won the race while Chevrolet was the official manufacturer of the last-place finisher. The total purse of the race was $431,345 ($932,477.11 when adjusted for inflation); with the winner taking $75,800 of the purse ($163,863.65 when adjusted for inflation).


1988 Southern 500, Summary
From the following year to the end of the autumn Southern 500 races in 2004, a sponsor's name would be added to the overall race name; reducing the traditionalism surrounding the early "Southern 500" races.


1988 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1988 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament was held in Asheville, North Carolina from April 27 through April 29. The South Division's top seed Western Carolina won their fourth consecutive tournament and earned the Southern Conference's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1988 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding
The top two teams from each division based on regular season conference winning percentage participated in the tournament. The top seed from the North Division played the second seed from the South in the first round, and vice versa. The winners of the first round then played, while the losers played an elimination game. There were no ties in the standings, so no tiebreakers were necessary.


1988 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1988 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 4–6, 1988 at the Asheville Civic Center in Asheville, North Carolina. The Chattanooga Mocs, led by head coach Mack McCarthy, won their fourth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1988 NCAA Tournament.


1988 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The top eight finishers of the conference's nine members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament consisted of three rounds.


1988 Southern Cross Classic
The 1988 Southern Cross Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Adelaide in Australia and was part of Tier V of the 1989 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 28 November through 4 December 1988.


1988 Southern Cross Classic, Finals, Doubles
Sylvia Hanika /  Claudia Kohde-Kilsch defeated  Lori McNeil /  Jana Novotná 7–5, 6–7, 6–4


1988 Southern Cross Classic – Doubles
Sylvia Hanika and Claudia Kohde-Kilsch won in the final 7–5, 6–7, 6–4 against Lori McNeil and Jana Novotná.


1988 Southern Cross Classic – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1988 Southern Cross Classic – Singles
Jana Novotná won in the final 7–5, 6–4 against Jana Pospíšilová.


1988 Southern Cross Classic – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1988 Southern Illinois Salukis football team
The 1988 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (GCAC) during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Under first-year head coach Rick Rhoades, the team compiled a 4–7 record (2–4 against conference opponents) and tied for fifth place in the conference. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.


1988 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team
The 1988 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern Mississippi as an independent during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first year under head coach Curley Hallman, the team compiled a 10–2 record and won the 1988 Independence Bowl.


1988 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1988 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament was the league's annual postseason tournament used to determine the Southwest Conference's (SWC) automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament. The tournament was held from May 19 through May 22 at George Cole Field on the campus of The University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, AR.


1988 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament
The number 1 seed Texas Longhorns went 4-1 to win the team's 8th SWC Tournament under head coach Cliff Gustafson.


1988 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament, Format and seeding
The tournament featured the top four finishers of the SWC's 8 teams in a double-elimination tournament.


1988 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1988 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 12-0, 1988 at Reunion Arena in Dallas, TX.


1988 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
Number 1 seed SMU defeated 2 seed Baylor 75-64 to win their 1st championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Tournament.


1988 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format and Seeding
The tournament consisted of the top 8 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament.


1988 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament
The 1988 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament was held March 9-12, 1988 at Moody Coliseum in Dallas, TX.


1988 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament
Number 1 seed Texas defeated 3 seed Texas Tech 88-61 to win their 6th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Tournament.


1988 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament, Format and Seeding
The tournament consisted of a 6 team single-elimination tournament. The top two seeds had a bye to the Semifinals.


1988 Southwestern Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football team
The 1988 Southwestern Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southwestern Louisiana (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) as an independent during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third year under head coach Nelson Stokley, the team compiled a 6–5 record.


1988 Soviet Army Cup Final
The 1988 Cup of the Soviet Army Final was the 6th final of the Cup of the Soviet Army (as a secondary cup tournament in Bulgaria), and was contested between Levski Sofia and Cherno More Varna on 1 June 1988 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Levski won the final 2–0.


1988 Soviet Cup Final
The 1988 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on May 28, 1988. The match was the 47th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Metalist Kharkiv and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Metalist qualified for the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The last year defending holders Dynamo Kyiv were eliminated in the second round of the competition by FC Rotor Volgograd (3:2, 0:2). For Metalist this was their second final total and second in five years. For Torpedo it was their 13th Cup Final and the seventh loss at this stage.


1988 Soviet Cup Final, Road to Moscow
All sixteen Soviet Top League clubs did not have to go through qualification to get into the competition, so Metalist and Torpedo both qualified for the competition automatically.


1988 Soviet Cup Final, Previous Encounters
Previously they only met six times with Torpedo winning four and Metalist once, the goals were 6 to 2 respectively. The very first time they met each other on July 26, 1936, at the Round of 16 when Torpedo (then - ZiS) playing home was victorious 2:0 (Metalist was called as KhPZ). The last encounter was three seasons ago when in the first round Torpedo once again defeated Metalist in overtime playing at home.


1988 Soviet First League
The 1988 Soviet First League was the 49th season of the Soviet First League, the second tier of association football in the Soviet Union.


1988 Soviet Second League
The 1989 Soviet Second League (Russian: Чемпионат СССР по футболу 1988: Вторая лига) was the Soviet third tier competitions of the Soviet football championship. The competitions of the league were conducted as part of the whole Soviet event and were split in nine groups geographically as regional zones. There were 169 teams that completed the season with the most teams (26) competing in the Zone VI and smallest zones IV and IX having 16 teams. In the article a regional designation in parenthesis is conditional (for better perspective) and was never actually openly publicized.


1988 Soviet Second League
The competitions were composed of two stages starting with nine zonal groups, nine winners of which would qualify for three group promotional double round-robin tournaments (Zone Finals), three winners of those would actually gain their promotions. The "Zone Finals" took place on October 25 through November 12, 1988.


1988 Soviet Second League
The main tie-breaker on points tie was number of wins, therefore in the Zone II Metallurg Magnitogorsk placed 8th above Lokomotiv Gorkiy and Dinamo Kirov. In case of points tie occurring for the first place, a separate play-off was to be scheduled.


1988 Soviet Second League, Zone 6
1988 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 58th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League.


1988 Soviet Second League, Zone 6
The 1988 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won for the second time by FC Bukovyna Chernivtsi. Unlike the last season Tavriya, Bukovyna failed to earn promotion to the First League as it lost the inter-zonal playoffs.


1988 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Goalkeepers: Valeriy Horodov (25), Serhiy Krakovskyi (4), Igor Tyuterev (1). Defenders: Sergei Bashkirov (29 / 1), Ivan Vyshnevskyi (28), Oleksandr Sorokalet (27 / 1), Oleksiy Cherednyk (24 / 3), Serhiy Puchkov (22), Volodymyr Gerashchenko (7), Peter Neustädter (4), Serhiy Bezhenar (3), Oleksandr Chervonyi (1 / 1), Petro Buts (1), Oleh Fediukov (1). Midfielders: Volodymyr Bahmut (28 / 2), Mykola Kudrytsky (27 / 3), Anton Shokh (22 / 1), Vadym Yevtushenko (20), Vadym Tyshchenko (6), Viktor Rafalchuk (2), Yevhen Pokhlebayev (1). Forwards: Eduard Son (29 / 8), Yevhen Shakhov (28 / 16), Volodymyr Lyutyi (21 / 9), Igor Shkvyrin (10 / 2), Andriy Sydelnykov (8 / 1), Oleh Taran (4), Vasyl Storchak (2), Oleh Koshelyuk (1 / 1), Konstantin Yeryomenko (1), Yuriy Leonov (1), Valentyn Moskvyn (1).


1988 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Transferred out during the season: Vadym Yevtushenko (to FC Dynamo Kyiv reserves), Peter Neustädter (to SC Tavriya Simferopol), Vasyl Storchak (to FC SKA Karpaty Lviv).


1988 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Goalkeepers: Viktor Chanov (25), Aleksandr Zhidkov (5). Defenders: Anatoliy Demyanenko (30 / 1), Oleh Kuznetsov (26 / 1), Andriy Bal (23), Serhiy Shmatovalenko (21), Volodymyr Bezsonov (19), Ihor Korniyets (13), Sergei Baltacha (12), Vladimir Gorilyi (11 / 1). Midfielders: Vasyl Rats (30 / 2), Hennadiy Lytovchenko (29 / 7), Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko (23 / 6), Oleksandr Zavarov (18 / 4), Ivan Yaremchuk (11), Andrei Kanchelskis (7 / 1), Pavlo Yakovenko (6 / 1), Serhiy Pohodin (3), Mykhaylo Stelmakh (1). Forwards: Oleh Protasov (29 / 11), Ihor Belanov (27 / 8).


1988 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Goalkeepers: Valeri Sarychev (26), Aleksei Prudnikov (5). Defenders: Aleksandr Polukarov (29), Valentin Kovach (26 / 1), Sergei Prigoda (15), Sergei Bodak (3), Maksim Cheltsov (3), Dmitri Chugunov (2). Midfielders: Sergey Agashkov (30), Vladimir Grechnyov (29 / 9), Oleg Shirinbekov (29 / 2), Gennadi Grishin (27 / 1), Nikolai Savichev (25 / 6), Sergei Zhukov (19), Aleksei Yeryomenko (9 / 1), Sergei Shustikov (1). Forwards: Vadim Rogovskoy (29), Nikolai Pisarev (19 / 1), Andrei Rudakov (18 / 9), Yuri Savichev (17 / 6), Aleksandr Gitselov (13 / 2), Vladimir Kobzev (8 / 1), Yuri Tishkov (1).


1988 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Transferred out during the season: Aleksei Yeryomenko (to FC Dynamo Moscow), Vladimir Kobzev (to FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don).


1988 Soviet nuclear tests
The Soviet Union's 1988 nuclear test series was a group of 16 nuclear tests conducted in 1988. These tests  followed the 1987 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1989 Soviet nuclear tests series.


1988 Sovran Bank Classic
The 1988 Sovran Bank Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. in the United States that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 20th edition of the tournament was held from July 18 through July 24, 1988. First-seeded Jimmy Connors, who entered on a wildcard, won the singles title, his third at the event after 1976 and 1978.


1988 Sovran Bank Classic, Finals, Doubles
Rick Leach /  Jim Pugh defeated  Jorge Lozano /  Todd Witsken 6–3, 6–7, 6–2


1988 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1988 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 2 October 1988 at the Circuito Permanente de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera. It was the fourteenth race of the 1988 Formula One season.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Pre-race
After weeks of speculation, Benetton announced that British Formula 3000 driver Johnny Herbert would be joining the team in 1989 to replace Thierry Boutsen who would be joining Williams. At the time of the announcement Herbert was still in hospital recovering from his horrifying F3000 crash at Brands Hatch just a few weeks earlier. With Alessandro Nannini remaining with the team, the Italian would become the team's #1 driver for 1989.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Qualifying
During qualifying, F1's most experienced driver of the time Riccardo Patrese (who was only 3 races from equalling Graham Hill's record number of F1 starts), was on his hot lap when the slower Julian Bailey (who was heading for the pits) got on the wrong side of the track and Patrese had to slow down considerably to avoid hitting Bailey, ruining a fast lap for the veteran Italian. A furious Patrese retaliated by getting in front of Bailey and brake testing his Tyrrell, the subsequent collision sending Bailey's car into the air and off the track into the gravel trap.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Qualifying
Officials at first blamed Bailey and also called his Tyrrell team mate Jonathan Palmer to the hearing for good measure on the premise that the slower Tyrrells were generally a menace and both drivers needed to be told.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Qualifying
After a protest by Ken Tyrrell however, officials later reviewed the incident again and Patrese was fined $10,000 for his actions, although most in the Formula One paddock argued that Patrese's fine was not enough, and that he should also pay the Tyrrell team to fix the damages on the Tyrrell 017 and the general feeling was that Patrese, Grand Prix racing's most experienced driver of the day, should have faced a harsher penalty. One unnamed driver was quoted as saying "I hope they fine him his bloody retainer. There are enough accidental shunts in this business without people actually trying to cause them....."


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Qualifying
McLaren locked out the front row for the 10th time in 14 races in 1988 with Ayrton Senna putting his Honda powered McLaren MP4/4 on pole for the 11th time in 14 races. On this tight and twisty track that was as slippery as ever due to its dusty surroundings and lack of use for anything other than car and motorcycle Grand Prix racing, it was no surprise to see 1987 race winner Nigel Mansell in third place in his Williams-Judd only 2/10ths from the pole.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Qualifying
In fact, the nature of the circuit saw atmo cars line up from 3rd to 7th on the grid. The next best turbo behind the McLarens being the Ferrari of Gerhard Berger in 8th place, though the Austrian was only 1.399 slower than Senna with Nelson Piquet (Lotus-Honda) and Michele Alboreto qualifying in 10th and 11th places.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Qualifying
For Arrows, the A10Bs with their 4 cyl Megatron turbo engines could not match McLaren, Ferrari or Lotus-Honda at Jerez with Derek Warwick qualifying 17th and Eddie Cheever just scrambling onto the back row of the grid in 25th. The A10Bs were in fact slower than Nicola Larini's Osella FA1L with its ancient Alfa Romeo V8 turbo which qualified 14th.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Qualifying
Both Zakspeed turbos of Piercarlo Ghinzani and Bernd Schneider failed to qualify, as did Julian Bailey, while there was a general sigh of relief on this tight circuit that the EuroBrun ER188 of Oscar Larrauri who had proven to be something of a mobile chicane in his rookie year and had a reputation for ignoring blue flags and his mirrors, also failed to make the cut. Gabriele Tarquini failed to pre-qualify his Coloni.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Race summary
From the 10th all-McLaren front row of the year, Alain Prost made a good start, with the Williams of Nigel Mansell drafting past Ayrton Senna into 2nd. Ivan Capelli and Thierry Boutsen tangled, damaging the Benetton's nosecone. On lap 2, Senna passed Mansell but ran wide, allowing the Englishman to retake the lead. On lap 16, Michele Alboreto retired with engine problems on his Ferrari. For the first 28 laps there was no change amongst the top 7: Prost (cautiously conserving tyres and fuel, after the problems experienced in Portugal) led Mansell by a mere half second. Senna had to defend his 3rd place from Riccardo Patrese and Capelli, who in turn was being challenged by Alessandro Nannini and Gerhard Berger.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Race summary
Around lap 30, Nannini, Berger and Piquet all pitted for new tyres. After trailing the Williams for the first hour of the race, and doing so without a clutch since the early laps, Capelli managed to pass Patrese to gain 4th place on lap 36 and then three laps later at exactly the same corner he passed Senna's McLaren. Sadly on lap 46 his engine starting smoking and the March driver retired after another outstanding drive.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Race summary
Mansell managed to keep Prost within arms length, but with a less powerful engine on the tight Jerez circuit, could not get past, or close enough, to the Frenchman who was driving close to a perfect race (Mansell described it as "following the master"). On lap 47 Mansell pitted but a sticking wheel nut delayed him and enabled Prost to pull ahead. Meanwhile, Nannini was going fast on his new tyres, passing both Patrese and Senna in one lap.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Race summary
Mansell's slow stop allowed Prost to pit on lap 50 without losing his lead (though he accidentally selected second gear and was slow getting away from his pit), and a lap later Senna also pitted for new tyres and dropped out of the points. He passed Gugelmin and Berger before finally overtaking Patrese on lap 65, who drove the entire race on one set of tyres.


1988 Spanish Grand Prix, Race summary
Prost sealed his 34th career victory with a fastest lap record and Mansell gaining his 2nd second-place of the year from just two finishes. Nannini collected another podium finish ahead of Senna (troubled with fuel readout problems again, crossing the line with his readout telling him he had almost no fuel left), Patrese and Berger (almost out of fuel) in 6th.


1988 Spanish Open
The 1988 Spanish Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and was part of the Category 1 tier of the 1988 WTA Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 25 April to 1 May 1988. Fifth-seeded Neige Dias won the singles title.


1988 Spanish Open, Finals, Doubles
Iva Budařová /  Sandra Wasserman defeated  Anna-Karin Olsson /  María José Llorca 1–6, 6–3, 6–2


1988 Spanish Open – Doubles
Iva Budařová and Sandra Wasserman won in the final 1–6, 6–3, 6–2 against Anna-Karin Olsson and María José Llorca.


1988 Spanish Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1988 Spanish Open – Singles
Neige Dias won in the final 6–3, 6–3 against Bettina Fulco.


1988 Spanish Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1988 Spanish general strike
The 1988 Spanish general strike—known locally as 14-D (shortened form of 14 Diciembre)—was a general strike in Spain that took place on December 14, 1988. It was called by the two main trade unions: CCOO and Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT).


1988 Spanish general strike
Triggered by a significant reform in the labour market, namely a new more flexible contract for inexperienced youngsters with less redundancy pay, the strike was moreover a manifestation of general discontent with Spain's PSOE government policies. The government's economic policies were thought to be too conservative by trade unions and many left-wing voters.


1988 Spanish general strike
The country was completely and peacefully paralyzed for 24 hours, prompting the government to negotiate with the unions. Even the TV signal was turned off by the workers. That flexible contract was retired and welfare state was increased. However, the strike did not prevent a third absolute majority by PSOE, whose leader, Felipe Gonzalez, remained popular.


1988 Spanish general strike, Consequences of the 14-D strike
Some economists believe the strike was the cause of a large increase in public spending, which led to an increase in the budget deficit. Others prefer to attribute public spending to the 1992 Olympic Games held in Barcelona, the 1992 world fair in Seville, plus the first high-speed train, for the large budget deficit. The budget deficit led to spending cuts which, coupled with a tough monetary policy, led to a recession in 1993.


1988 Spanish general strike, Use of 14-D in other strikes
Some minority unions, including the students' union, the anarchist union, CNT, and the second largest teachers' union, STEC, called a strike in the educational sector for 14-D, 2005 to use the symbolic power of 14-D as a strike called by the left against the PSOE government and to protest a new education law which they thought gave too much money to private schools, which are mostly Catholic, in Spain. The strike had limited success due to lack of support from other unions.


1988 Spanish general strike, Other important general strikes in modern Spain
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1988 Spanish general strike, Other important general strikes in modern Spain
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1988 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1988 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 1988 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 22–24 April 1988 at the Circuito Permanente Del Jarama.


1988 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix
This was the first and only victory of the Australian Kevin Magee.


1988 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Kevin Magee was on pole. Eddie Lawson got the lead at the first turn from Raymond Roche, Pierfrancesco Chili, et al. At the end of the first lap, Lawson had a gap from Christian Sarron, Wayne Gardner and Magee. Magee moved into 2nd and started to close the gap to Lawson; he managed to pass and took the win by a few lengths.


1988 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
After 21 years, this would be the last Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix on the Jarama circuit. The event would move back to Jerez, where it has stayed permanently ever since.


1988 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 1988 Special Honours in New Zealand was a Special Honours Lists, dated 6 February 1988, making the second five appointments to the Order of New Zealand.


1988 Speedway Champions Cup
The Speedway Champions Cup was an annual motorcycle speedway event organized by the International Motorcycling Federation (FIM) between 1986 and 1993.


1988 Speedway Champions Cup
The 1988 event was held on August 14 in Krsko, Slovenia, then part of Yugoslavia. The winner was the Swedish rider Per Jonsson.


1988 Speedway Champions Cup
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1988 Speedway World Pairs Championship
The 1988 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the nineteenth FIM Speedway World Pairs Championship. The final took place in Bradford, England. The championship was won by Denmark (45 points) who beat host team England (41 points) and United States (39 points).


1988 Speedway World Pairs Championship, World final
* New Zealand born, Australian rider Alan Rivett replaced injured New Zealand rider David Bargh


1988 Speedway World Team Cup
The 1988 Speedway World Team Cup was the 29th edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions.


1988 Speedway World Team Cup
The three legged final format was scrapped and a one off final returned, which was held at the Veterans Memorial Stadium (Long Beach) in California, United States. It made no difference to Denmark who duly wrapped up a sixth consecutive title (and eighth in total) moving level with England's record. It was also Hans Nielsen's eighth gold medal having taken part in all of Denmark's title wins.


1988 Speedway World Team Cup, Qualification, Group A, Round 1
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1988 Speedway World Team Cup, Qualification, Group A, Round 2
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1988 Speedway World Team Cup, World Final
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1988 Sri Lankan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka on 19 December 1988. Nominations were accepted on 10 November 1988 and electoral participation was 55.32%. Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa of the governing United National Party was elected, receiving 50.4% of all votes cast.


1988 Sri Lankan presidential election, Background
During the 1988 election, Sri Lanka was in chaos. In the north and east, soldiers of the Indian Peace Keeping Force battled Tamil Tiger rebels. In the south, government death squads engaged in deadly violence with equally brutal militants of the Sinhala-nationalist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. Effective campaigning for both the government and opposition was barely possible.


1988 Sri Lankan presidential election, Background
Both of the major party candidates promised to abrogate the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord negotiated by outgoing UNP president J. R. Jayewardene and ask Indian troops to leave the country.


1988 Sri Lankan presidential election, Background
Voting was not held in Tiger-controlled areas of the north and east.


1988 Sri Lankan presidential election, Results
Aided by its control of the state-owned media, the UNP candidate, Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa, won a narrow but firm victory.


1988 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1988 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 107th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 97th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 76-86 during the season and finished 5th in the National League East division.


1988 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1988 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1988 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1988 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1988 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1988 Stanford Cardinal baseball team
The 1988 Stanford Cardinal baseball team represented Stanford University in the 1988 NCAA Division I baseball season. The team was coached by Mark Marquess in his 12th season at Stanford.


1988 Stanford Cardinal baseball team
The Cardinal won the College World Series, defeating the Arizona State Sun Devils in the championship game.


1988 Stanford Cardinal baseball team, Cardinal in the 1988 MLB Draft
The following members of the Stanford Cardinal baseball program were drafted in the 1988 Major League Baseball draft.


1988 Stanford Cardinal football team
The 1988 Stanford Cardinal football team represented Stanford University in the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. This was Jack Elway's last season as head coach. He was fired following a disappointing season.


1988 Stanford Cardinal football team, Game summaries, at California
Stanford's Tuan Van Le, a Vietnam War refugee, blocked Robbie Keen's 20-yard field goal in the final seconds to preserve the tie.


1988 Stanford Cardinal football team, Radio
Some games broadcast on KYA–FM 93.3 because of broadcast conflict with the Oakland Athletics


1988 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1988 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1987–88 season, and the culmination of the 1988 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Edmonton Oilers and Boston Bruins. The Oilers would win the series in a four game sweep.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals
This would be the sixth of eight consecutive Finals contested by a team from Alberta (the Oilers appeared in six of them, the Calgary Flames in two), and the last of five consecutive Finals to end with the Cup presentation on Alberta ice (the Oilers won four such Cups, the Montreal Canadiens the other). The series is remembered for the power failure that occurred during game four at Boston Garden, which caused that contest to be suspended.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals
The league decided to replay game four at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, at the site, date and time that was originally scheduled for game five. Game 5 is also the final time that Wayne Gretzky appeared in an Edmonton Oilers uniform as he was traded to Los Angeles just prior to the next season.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Edmonton defeated the Winnipeg Jets 4–1, the Calgary Flames 4–0 and the Detroit Red Wings 4–1 to reach the Finals.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Boston defeated the Buffalo Sabres 4–2, the Montreal Canadiens 4–1 and the New Jersey Devils 4–3 to reach the Finals.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
The Finals pitted the Oilers' offensive juggernaut against the Bruins' more balanced team. The Oilers showed their defensive prowess, surrendering just nine goals in the four completed games. Ray Bourque was physical in defending against Gretzky, but that would not ground the "Great One" on his way to claiming his second Conn Smythe Trophy and setting playoff records with 31 assists in just 18 games, and 13 points in the Finals series.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries, Game four (suspended)
Glenn Anderson set a new record for quickest goal from the start of a Finals game when he scored ten seconds into the contest. That record was tied two years later in the third game of the 1990 Finals by John Byce who, in a twist, was playing for the Bruins against the Oilers. Fog interfered with the game, requiring stoppages during the second period so that all 40+ players could skate around the ice to clear it away.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries, Game four (suspended)
The Oilers scored with 3:23 left in the second period, tying the game at 3–3, then the arena suffered a power failure before the ensuing face-off. The teams were sent to their dressing room until – after a very long delay and no change in the situation – NHL President John Ziegler Jr. announced that the game was suspended. Despite the game being suspended and replayed, Anderson's record is official.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries, Game four (suspended)
Game four was subsequently rescheduled and moved to Edmonton, which was originally set to be the site of a game five if necessary. The Oilers won that game, sweeping the series and winning their fourth Stanley Cup in five years. Had the Bruins extended the series to the full seven games, game five would have been played on the original date for game six in Boston, Edmonton would have hosted the rescheduled game six, and then game seven would have been played in Boston as the makeup game.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Team rosters
Years indicated in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column signify that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The 1988 Stanley Cup was presented to Oilers captain Wayne Gretzky by NHL President John Ziegler following the Oilers 6–3 win over the Bruins in game four.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The following Oilers players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Stanley Cup engraving
Gretzky wanted every member of the Oilers to be included on the team picture. However, when the cup was engraved all five scouts were left off: Garnet Bailey, Ed Chadwick, Lorne Davis, Matti Vaisanen (on the Cup in 1985, 1987, 1990), Bob Freeman (part time, not on the Cup). The Oilers also left three players off the Stanley Cup: Daryl Reaugh, Steve Dykstra, Jim Weimer. Bill Tuele (Public Relations Director) had his name added to the cup for the first time. He has rings with the Oilers in 1984, 1985, 1987, but his name was not put on the Stanley Cup those seasons.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Broadcasting
In the United States, this was the final year under ESPN's national three-year deal. Under the U.S. TV contracts that would take effect beginning next season, SportsChannel America would take over as the NHL's American television partner.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Broadcasting
ESPN's coverage of the 1988 Cup Finals was blacked out locally in the Boston area due to WSBK and NESN's local rights to Bruins games.


1988 Stanley Cup Finals, Broadcasting
In Canada, this was the second and final year that the English-language rights to the Cup Finals was split between the Global-Canwest consortium and the CBC. Global aired games one and two. The CBC aired game three, then both the original and replayed game fours. CBC had the rights to game 5 of Stanley Cup Finals, and Canwest/Global also had the rights to games 6 & 7 of the Stanley Cup Finals between Edmonton Oilers and Boston Bruins (both CBC and Canwest/Global had the rights of Game 7, using separate production facilities and separate on-air talent), which were not necessary.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs
The 1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 6, after the conclusion of the 1987–88 NHL season. It concluded on May 26, with the defending champion Edmonton Oilers defeating the Boston Bruins to win their second straight Stanley Cup and fourth in five years.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs
The Presidents' Trophy winning Calgary Flames had home ice advantage during the playoffs thanks in part to Edmonton's struggles without Wayne Gretzky, who missed a number of games due to injury. The Oilers, who had won the Cup in three of the previous four seasons, were still thought to have a good chance at repeating with Gretzky's return. The clash between the Flames and Oilers in the Smythe Division Final was highly anticipated.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs
The New Jersey Devils made the playoffs for the first time since their move from Denver, winning in overtime at Chicago Stadium on the season's final day to edge the New York Rangers for the Patrick Division's fourth spot. This was only the second time they made the playoffs including their Colorado and Kansas City days.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs
The 1988 playoffs most notable moment was the cancellation of game four of the finals in Boston after fog issues, a result of high heat and the subsequent building power outage resulted in the game being canceled outright with the result not counting, yet the league retained player stats from the game. The series would move directly on to Edmonton. Gretzky would go on to set NHL playoff records with 31 assists in 18 games and 13 points in the Stanley Cup Finals.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A1) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A4) Hartford Whalers
This was the third playoff series between these two teams. Montreal won both previous meetings, including their most recent meeting in seven games in the 1986 Adams Division Finals. Montreal was the best team in the Wales Conference during the regular season.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A2) Boston Bruins vs (A3) Buffalo Sabres
This was the third playoff series between these two teams. Boston won both prior meetings. They last met in the 1983 Adams Division Finals, in which Boston won in seven games.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P1) New York Islanders vs. (P4) New Jersey Devils
This was the first and to date only playoff series between these two teams. This was the first time that a team representing the state of New Jersey qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs. This was the first ever playoff series victory for the Scouts/Rockies/Devils franchise. This would be the last playoff series until the 2019 Eastern Conference First Round that the Islanders held home-ice advantage.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P2) Washington Capitals vs. (P3) Philadelphia Flyers
This was the second playoff series between these two teams. Washington won the only previous meeting in a three-game sweep in the 1984 Patrick Division Semifinals.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P2) Washington Capitals vs. (P3) Philadelphia Flyers
Washington overcame a 3–1 series deficit to advance to the Patrick Division Finals for the third time in five years. Game seven ended when Dale Hunter scored at 5:57 of the first overtime period to complete the Capitals comeback.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (N1) Detroit Red Wings vs. (N4) Toronto Maple Leafs
This was the 22nd playoff series between these two teams. Toronto lead 11–10 in previous playoff meetings. This was a rematch of last year's Norris Division Finals, in which Detroit won in seven games.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (N1) Detroit Red Wings vs. (N4) Toronto Maple Leafs
Game six in Maple Leaf Gardens was future Hall of Famer Borje Salming's final playoff game in the NHL.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (N2) St. Louis Blues vs. (N3) Chicago Blackhawks
This was the fifth playoff series between the Blackhawks and Blues. Chicago won all four previous meetings, including their most recent meeting 3–1 in the 1983 Norris Division Semifinals.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S1) Calgary Flames vs. (S4) Los Angeles Kings
This was the third playoff series between these two teams, but the first since the Flames relocated from Atlanta. Los Angeles won both previous meetings, including their most recent meeting 2–1 in the 1977 Preliminary Round.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S2) Edmonton Oilers vs. (S3) Winnipeg Jets
This was the fifth playoff series between the Jets and Oilers. Edmonton won all four previous meetings. This was a rematch of last year's Smythe Division Finals in which Edmonton won in a four-game sweep.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A1) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A2) Boston Bruins
This was the 23rd playoff series between these two teams. Montreal led 20–2 in previous playoff series meetings. This was the fifth year in a row that these team met in the playoffs. Montreal had defeated Boston in the Division Semifinals the four previous seasons.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A1) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A2) Boston Bruins
This was Boston's first playoff series victory against Montreal since the 1943 Stanley Cup Semifinals. Boston had lost the previous 18 playoff series between these two teams, an NHL record for most consecutive playoff series defeats to one team.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P2) Washington Capitals vs. (P4) New Jersey Devils
This was the first playoff series between these two teams.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P2) Washington Capitals vs. (P4) New Jersey Devils
Patrik Sundström's eight-point effort in game three (3 goals, 5 assists) set a new Stanley Cup playoff record for most points in a single game.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (N1) Detroit Red Wings vs. (N2) St. Louis Blues
This was the second playoff series meeting between these two teams. St. Louis won the only previous meeting 3–1 in the 1984 Norris Division Semifinals.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S1) Calgary Flames vs. (S2) Edmonton Oilers
This was the fourth playoff series meeting between these two teams. Edmonton won two of the previous three meetings. Calgary won the most recent meeting in seven games in the 1986 Smythe Division Finals.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S1) Calgary Flames vs. (S2) Edmonton Oilers
In the Battle of Alberta the Oilers would claim the first sweep of the playoffs. In game two Wayne Gretzky scored the overtime winning goal short-handed.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Conference Finals, Prince of Wales Conference Final, (A2) Boston Bruins vs. (P4) New Jersey Devils
This was the first playoff series meeting between these two teams.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Conference Finals, Prince of Wales Conference Final, (A2) Boston Bruins vs. (P4) New Jersey Devils
This series featured the infamous confrontation between Devils coach Jim Schoenfeld and referee Don Koharski after Game 3, when, during an argument in the tunnel after the game, Koharski tripped and fell, accusing Schoenfield of pushing him. Schoenfield famously responded, "Good, 'cause you fell you fat pig!" Then, he yelled "Have another doughnut! Have another doughnut!" The incident has since become part of NHL lore.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Conference Finals, Prince of Wales Conference Final, (A2) Boston Bruins vs. (P4) New Jersey Devils
Schoenfeld was suspended by NHL president John Ziegler for Game 4, but the Devils received an injunction from a New Jersey court, allowing Schoenfeld to coach the fourth game. In protest, the officials scheduled to work that game in the Meadlowands refused to take the ice, forcing the NHL to scramble for amateur officials to call the game. The injunction was lifted, the league conducted a proper hearing, Schoenfeld served his suspension during Game 5 in the Boston Garden, and the League officials returned to work.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Conference Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference Final, (S2) Edmonton Oilers vs. (N1) Detroit Red Wings
This was the second playoff series meeting between these two teams, and was a rematch of last year's Clarence Campbell Conference Final in which Edmonton won in five games.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals
This was the first Finals meeting between these two teams.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals
The original game four is well known for the high heat resulting in fog that interfered with the game and a subsequent power outage that caused the game to be canceled at 16:37 of the second period. The game results didn't count, but players were able to retain their stats counting towards their playoff records, as per NHL rules. The series moved on to Edmonton, thus allowing the Oilers to win the Cup at home at Northlands Coliseum and complete the sweep.


1988 Stanley Cup playoffs, Player statistics, Goaltenders
This is a combined table of the top five goaltenders based on goals against average and the top five goaltenders based on save percentage, with at least 420 minutes played. The table is sorted by GAA, and the criteria for inclusion are bolded.


1988 Star World Championships
The 1988 Star World Championships were held in Buenos Aires, Argentina January 19-31, 1988.


1988 Star World Championships, Results
Legend: DNF – Did not finish; DNS – Did not start; DSQ – Disqualified; PMS – Premature start; RET – Retired; YMP – Yacht materially prejudiced;


1988 State of Origin series
The 1988 State of Origin series was the seventh annual three-game series between the New South Wales and Queensland representative rugby league football teams to be contested entirely under 'state of origin' selection rules. Queensland enjoyed their first ever 3–0 series whitewash, mirroring a feat New South Wales had first achieved two years earlier. The series produced an ugly and enduring Origin image when in Game II the parochial Queensland crowd showered the Lang Park playing arena with beer cans in protest at the sin-binning of their captain Wally Lewis.


1988 State of Origin series
New South Wales had a new home for Origin football in 1988. The AU$68 million, 40,000 capacity all-seat Sydney Football Stadium, a rectangular stadium more suited to rugby league than the round Sydney Cricket Ground, had been built in 1987 and opened in time for the 1988 NSWRL season. The SFS was described in its early days as a white elephant and lacking in the character and history of its predecessor, the SCG. Queensland players described playing at the SFS in 1988 as like playing on neutral ground.


1988 State of Origin series, Game I
Coming into the 1988 opener, Queensland had not yet experienced an Origin match without Wally Lewis. Supporters were stunned when he was ruled out of game I with a shoulder injury. He had captained the Maroons on 20 occasions (out of 21 appearances) and won eight man-of-the-match awards, establishing himself as an Origin great. The selectors' answer to his absence was Peter Jackson the Canberra Raiders' resident comic who prided himself on wisecracks and high jinks. However Jackson had honed his organisational and kicking skills at Canberra and was ready to fill Lewis' role. Captaining the Maroons for the first time was Manly-Warringah's 1987 Premiership winning captain Paul Vautin.


1988 State of Origin series, Game I
After 42,048 fans had attended the only Origin game in Sydney at the SCG in 1987, the Sydney fans voted with their feet at the new SFS when only 26,441 attended Game 1. The low crowd number was largely due to the NSWRL charging $34 per seat as pointed out by Channel 9 match commentator Darrell Eastlake. His fellow Ch.9 commentator, Supercoach Jack Gibson replied to his comments that with an hours wait fans could watch the game at home on television for free rather than pay the high ticket price.


1988 State of Origin series, Game I
With Queensland missing their captain and the world's best footballer Wally Lewis, New South Wales had expected to dominate in the encounter but were flat from the outset. In the first-ever Origin game held at the newly built Sydney Football Stadium and in front of a less than capacity crowd (the seats at the in-goal ends of the stadium were virtually empty), the Maroons seized upon what Vautin termed the "neutral atmosphere".


1988 State of Origin series, Game I
New five-eighth Jackson played well and fullback Gary Belcher provided support with general play kicking while pint-sized Allan Langer provided the attacking thrust. Jackson was a natural tackler and together with Paul Vautin led with words of inspiration. For the Blues, both Peter Sterling and Cliff Lyons tried hard but unlike Langer and Jackson had very little support from the Blues forwards.


1988 State of Origin series, Game I
Langer scampered across the line twice to give Queensland a 12-6 lead at half-time and after the break the procession of Queensland tries continued. Jackson, Belcher and Origin debutant Alan McIndoe all scored (despite television replays showing that McIndoe didn't ground the ball and had actually knocked-on) to give the Maroons an unassailable 26-6 lead before two late tries to Andrew Ettingshausen and Mark McGaw earned New South Wales some respectability on the scoreboard. Arguably the best of the Blues on the night was their longest serving outside back, dual-international Michael O'Connor who looked dangerous whenever he touched the ball, while Ettingshausen got through a mountain of work trying to get NSW out from being pinned deep in their own half.


1988 State of Origin series, Game II
New South Wales played with passion, looked the better side in game II and were leading 6-4 with 18 minutes to go. Then Wally Lewis was sentenced to 5 minutes in the sin-bin by referee Mick Stone for dissent after a scuffle between Phil Daley and Greg Conescu developed into an all-in brawl. The parochial Queensland crowd was outraged and with their hero Lewis in the sheds the ground was showered with beer cans amid chants of "send Stone off".


1988 State of Origin series, Game II
After order was restored the complexion of the game changed. The Blues were visibly rattled and a minute after play resumed big Maroon prop Sam Backo crashed over to give Queensland a 10-6 lead. When Allan Langer later clinched the game at 16-6 and the series by taking an inside pass from Conescu to score, Lewis by now back from his exile, carried Langer back from the Blues' tryline in jubilation.


1988 State of Origin series, Game III
Game III of 1988 was barely a contest and the feeble Sydney crowd of 16,910 reflected as much. With the series already decided, both teams opened up in a game of entertaining, free-flowing football. Queensland were unstoppable and Sam Backo grabbed a try double as the Maroons raced in seven tries to whip the Blues 38–22. Queensland had swept New South Wales 3–0 in their maiden whitewash.


1988 State of Origin series, Aftermath
Following Queensland's first ever 3-0 Origin series whitewash, a record 9 Maroons were chosen for the first Ashes series test against the touring Great Britain Lions with the only Blues selected being fullback Garry Jack, winger Andrew Ettingshausen, centre Michael O'Connor, halfback Peter Sterling, front rower Phil Daley, the only NSW player in an almost all Queensland forward pack, and reserve forward Steve Folkes.


1988 State of the Union Address
The 1988 State of the Union Address was given by the 40th president of the United States, Ronald Reagan, on Monday, January 25, 1988, at 9 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 100th United States Congress. It was Reagan's seventh and final State of the Union Address and his eighth and final speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. Presiding over this joint session was the House speaker, Jim Wright, accompanied by George H. W. Bush, the vice president.


1988 State of the Union Address
Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior, served as the designated survivor.


1988 State of the Union Address, Summary
President Reagan began by announcing that his speech would not be a litany of achievements over the past seven years of his administration, but that he would continue to propose policy initiatives. He outlined the following objectives:


1988 State of the Union Address, Summary
Reagan discussed the federal deficit, the size of the federal budget, abortion, crime, drugs, the line-item veto, foreign relations and the Soviet–Afghan War. He famously summarized the effect of government intervention on the poor:


1988 State of the Union Address, Summary
Some years ago the federal government declared War on Poverty, and poverty won. Today the federal government has 59 major welfare programs and spends more than $100 billion a year on them. What has all this money done? Well, too often it has made poverty harder to escape. Federal welfare programs have created a massive social problem. With the best of intentions, government created a poverty trap that wreaks havoc on the very support system the poor need most to lift themselves out of poverty: the family.


1988 State of the Union Address, Summary
In closing he returned to his vision of America as a city on a hill: "We can be proud ... that another generation of Americans has protected and passed on lovingly this place called America, this shining city on a hill, this government of, by, and for the people."


1988 State of the Union Address, Summary
The speech lasted approximately 44 minutes and consisted of 4,955 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.


1988 State of the Union Address, Opposition response
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia and Speaker of the House Jim Wright of Texas.


1988 Stella Artois Championships
The 1988 Stella Artois Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 86th edition of the tournament, running from 6 June until 13 June 1988. Fourth-seeded Boris Becker won the singles title.


1988 Stella Artois Championships, Finals, Doubles
Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso defeated  Pieter Aldrich /  Danie Visser 6–2, 7–6


1988 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
Guy Forget and Yannick Noah were the defending champions but only Forget competed that year with Henri Leconte.


1988 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
Forget and Leconte lost in the semifinals to Ken Flach and Robert Seguso.


1988 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
Flach and Seguso won in the final 6–2, 7–6 against Pieter Aldrich and Danie Visser.


1988 Stella Artois Championships – Singles
Boris Becker was the defending champion and won in the final 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 against Stefan Edberg.


1988 Stella Artois Italian Indoors
The 1988 Stella Artois Italian Indoors was a men's professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Palazzo Trussardi in Milan, Italy. The event was part of the Super Series tier of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was played from 15 February until 21 February 1988, moved up from its usual spot in March. Fifth-seeded Yannick Noah won the singles title after his opponent in the final, Jimmy Connors, had to retire with a pulled muscle.


1988 Stella Artois Italian Indoors, Finals, Doubles
Boris Becker /  Eric Jelen defeated  Miloslav Mečíř /  Tomáš Šmíd 6–3, 6–3


1988 Stevenage Borough Council election
The 1988 Stevenage Borough Council election took place on 5 May 1988. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of the council was up for election; the seats which were last contested in 1984. The Labour Party retained control of the council, which it had held continuously since its creation in 1973.


1988 Stevenage Borough Council election, Overall results
All comparisons in seats and vote share are to the corresponding 1984 election.


1988 Stewartry District Council election
Elections to the Stewartry District Council took place in May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts. The number of seats and the total vote share won by each party is listed below.


1988 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards
The 11th Stinkers Bad Movie Awards were released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 1989 to honour the worst films the film industry had to offer in 1988. As follows, there was only a Worst Picture category with provided commentary for each nominee, as well as a list of films that were also considered for the final list but ultimately failed to make the cut (18 films total).


1988 Stirling District Council election
Elections to the Stirling District Council took place in May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts. The number of seats and the total vote share won by each party is listed below.


1988 Stockholm Open
The 1988 Stockholm Open was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts and part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix and took place at the Kungliga tennishallen in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and was held from 31 October through 6 November 1988. Third-seeded Boris Becker  won the singles title.


1988 Stockholm Open, Finals, Doubles
Kevin Curren /  Jim Grabb defeated  Paul Annacone /  John Fitzgerald, 7–5, 6–4


1988 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd were the defending champions, but lost in the second round.


1988 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Kevin Curren and Jim Grabb won the title, defeating Paul Annacone and John Fitzgerald 7–5, 6–4 in the final.


1988 Stockholm Open – Singles
Stefan Edberg was the defending champion, but lost in the second round this year.


1988 Stockholm Open – Singles
Boris Becker won the title, defeating Peter Lundgren 6–4, 6–1, 6–1 in the final.