1988 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Highlights
The 1988 team seemed to start much better than their chaotic 1987 predecessors, going 14–6 in April; however, the team went sour thereafter, especially for Jim Rice as he moved from left field to designated hitter. Dwight Evans also had problems when he played first base, and the usually reliable Lee Smith had problems closing, including giving up a game-winning home run to the Detroit Tigers on Opening Day.


1988 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Highlights
The Red Sox had an 11–16 record in May, followed by a slightly better June with a 14–12 record, but lost pitcher Jeff Sellers when he was hit by a line drive in Cleveland that broke his hand. Wes Gardner was moved from the bullpen to the rotation, but the team and its fans were losing patience.


1988 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Highlights
At the All-Star break, the Red Sox were 43–42, nine games behind the Tigers in the AL East standings. Management had seen enough, firing John McNamara and elevating third base coach Joe Morgan to manager.


1988 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Highlights
On July 15, the first game after the All-Star break, the Red Sox and Roger Clemens beat the Kansas City Royals and Bret Saberhagen, 3–1. This began a 12-game winning streak, which launched the Red Sox to first place over the slumping Tigers and New York Yankees. The Red Sox would later set an American League record of 24 straight home victories. Two months after Morgan became manager, the team was 81–63 and in first place by 4+1⁄2 games. The team cooled off in the final two weeks of the season, finishing with nine losses in their final 13 games, but held on to win the AL East, finishing one game ahead of the Tigers, for their second division title in three seasons.


1988 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Alumni game
The team held an old-timers game on May 14, before a scheduled home game against the Seattle Mariners. The alumni game marked the 40th anniversary of the 1948 Red Sox team, which had lost a one-game playoff to the Cleveland Indians. The visiting (non-Red Sox) alumni team, skippered by Lou Boudreau—who had been player-manager of the 1948 Cleveland squad—prevailed by an 8–2 score, led by four RBIs from former Pittsburgh Pirate Manny Sanguillén.


1988 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1988 Boston Red Sox season, Farm system
The Lynchburg Red Sox replaced the Greensboro Hornets as a Class A affiliate. The Arizona League Red Sox/Mariners (a cooperative team) were added as a Rookie League affiliate.


1988 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1988 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their first season under head coach Chris Palmer, the Terriers compiled a 4–7 record (3–5 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for seventh place in the Yankee Conference, and were outscored by a total of 285 to 230.


1988 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1988 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third season under head coach Moe Ankney, the Falcons compiled a 2–8–1 record (1–6–1 against MAC opponents), finished in eighth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 333 to 159.


1988 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The team's statistical leaders included Eric Smith with 1,306 passing yards, Mike McGee with 504 rushing yards, and Ronald Heard with 622 receiving yards.


1988 Brabantse Pijl
The 1988 Brabantse Pijl was the 28th edition of the Brabantse Pijl cycle race and was held on 27 March 1988. The race started in Sint-Genesius-Rode and finished in Alsemberg. The race was won by Johan Capiot.


1988 Brantford municipal election
The 1988 Brantford municipal election was held on November 14, 1988, to elect a mayor, councillors, and school trustees in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Elections were also held in the rural and small-town communities around the city.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 1988 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on April 3, 1988, at the renamed Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet in Rio de Janeiro. Following his 3rd World Drivers' Championship in 1987 the Jacarepaguá Circuit was named after local hero Nelson Piquet. It was the first race of the 1988 Formula One season.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Background
Winter testing had indicated Ferrari would be maintaining the edge that they had gained by winning the final two races of the 1987 season despite only having an updated version of their 1987 car, with McLaren-Honda and Williams, now with naturally aspirated Judd V8 engines, also producing cars that looked like potential race winners.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Background
Ferrari had dominated the pre-season tests in Rio with times that were not only faster than everyone else, but faster than had been recorded at the 1987 Brazilian Grand Prix, prompting rumors that the team had either shut off the FIA's mandatory pop-off valve which in 1988 limited turbo boost pressure to just 2.5 Bar, or more likely were running the 1987 valve which had a 4.0 Bar limit (most of the team engineers agreed that in 1988 the turbo engines had lost approximately 300 bhp (224 kW; 304 PS) due to the reduction in boost).


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Background
The rumors were renewed during qualifying in Brazil when neither Michele Alboreto nor Gerhard Berger could get near their test times from a month earlier and both drivers complained of engines that were down on power, too thirsty and had poor throttle response out of the slower corners. With the 1988 pop-off valve connected, both Ferraris were also significantly slower on the circuits long back straight than either the McLaren or Lotus Hondas which were all timed at over 290 km/h (180 mph).


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Background
During the qualifying session, there was controversy when Nelson Piquet made comments in the local media publicly insulting Ayrton Senna, though he later claimed he did not know he was talking to a journalist and was forced to withdraw his allegation under threat of a lawsuit (over time, these insults by Piquet – with the aid of Prost – also extended to claims that Senna was homosexual, particularly given his failed marriage in 1982; as it transpired in a 1990 interview of Senna by Brazilian edition of Playboy the gay claim may have been motivated by the fact that Senna had apparently had a relationship with Piquet's wife when she was single). The World Champion had also been insulting about Nigel Mansell's wife Roseanne (calling her an "unattractive boxhead"), and both drivers' families.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Background
BMS Dallara's Alex Caffi had to use a modified Formula 3000 chassis because the Formula One chassis was not ready. This was also the last time Ford-Cosworth DFV engine was used in a Formula One Grand Prix.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Background
Drivers making their debut in Rio were: Brazilian Maurício Gugelmin (March-Judd), Spanish driver Luis Pérez-Sala (Minardi-Ford), Argentinian Sportscar driver Oscar Larrauri (EuroBrun-Ford) making his F1 debut at the age of 33, Briton Julian Bailey (Tyrrell-Ford) who had sold just about everything he owned in order to pay for his drive with Ken Tyrrell's team, and young German Formula 3 Champion Bernd Schneider signed with Zakspeed. Of the new drivers, only Bailey and Schneider failed to qualify.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Background
EuroBrun (with Larrauri and 1987 International Formula 3000 champion Stefano Modena) and Rial Racing, with veteran Andrea de Cesaris as its sole driver, were making their F1 debuts as constructors. The EuroRacing side of the EuroBrun team had formerly run the Alfa Romeo team in 1982–85, while Rial, run by German Günter Schmid, was virtually a born-again ATS which had competed in F1 in 1977–84. Both teams would use the 3.5L Ford DFZ V8 engine.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Qualifying
Just five months after his crash at the 1987 Japanese Grand Prix, Mansell produced a sensational performance to qualify his naturally aspirated Williams second, 1.5 seconds faster than the next 'atmo' car, the Benetton-Ford of Thierry Boutsen in 7th. On the pole was Senna in his first drive for McLaren with a time almost two seconds slower than Mansell's 1987 pole time. The second row was occupied by Gerhard Berger's Ferrari and Alain Prost's McLaren. After only a small amount of testing at Imola before joining in the Rio tests due to the late finish of the car, neither Senna or Prost were happy with the balance of their McLaren MP4/4s in qualifying.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Qualifying
By qualifying on the front row, Mansell became the first driver of a naturally aspirated (atmo) car to start on the front row of a Grand Prix since his former Williams teammate Keke Rosberg had put his Williams-Ford on pole position for the 1983 Brazilian Grand Prix at the same circuit.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Qualifying
The four non-qualifiers were the Tyrrell-Ford of Julian Bailey, the turbo Zakspeeds of Piercarlo Ghinzani and Schneider, and the turbo Osella of Nicola Larini. Alex Caffi failed to pre-qualify his converted F3000 Dallara.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race summary
On the parade lap, Senna's gear selector mechanism broke and he had to complete the lap jammed in first gear. The first start was aborted and Senna started in the spare car from the pits. At the second start, Alain Prost with no one in front of him due to Senna's absence, won the start and put in one of his famous first laps that saw him lead by almost 2 seconds, with Mansell in 2nd place, though he was soon passed by Berger's Ferrari.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race summary
After running in the hot air behind the turbocharged Ferrari, on lap 19 Mansell's temperature gauge showed that the Williams was overheating (at the first aborted start Mansell had been forced to drive off around the track, thankfully without penalty, due to his Judd V8 already overheating on the grid). He entered the pits to investigate, handing third to Nelson Piquet in his Lotus; during the process, Mansell stalled his engine.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race summary
Senna was making a remarkable drive from the rear of the grid, climbing to 21st on lap 1 (after almost colliding with the March of his former flatmate Maurício Gugelmin who suffered gearbox failure less than 50 metres after the start of his debut race and pulled to the inside of the track as Senna was leaving the pits), 15th on lap 4, 8th on lap 10, into the points on lap 13 and by lap 20 was in second place after passing Piquet on the back straight following a pit stop to Berger.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race summary
In previous years with high horsepower, the Rio circuit had proved savage on tyres and drivers were forced to stop two or three times a race for new rubber. With the reduction of turbo boost in 1988, tyre wear was reduced and McLaren figured on only one stop for their drivers. Prost pitted on lap 26 without losing the lead, and Senna pitted a lap later. During his stop Senna stalled his Honda engine and dropped to sixth place.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race summary
Shortly afterwards he was shown the black flag and disqualified for changing cars after the green flag had been shown following the parade lap, a move that was not allowed. Over the last 10 laps of the race Berger closed to within 10 seconds of leader Prost, but the Frenchman was merely pacing himself to make sure he finished on the now lower fuel limit and Berger was unable to catch him.


1988 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race summary
Piquet, the reigning World Champion, came home third in his first drive for Lotus ahead of Derek Warwick in the Arrows-Megatron. Michele Alboreto in the second Ferrari and Satoru Nakajima in the second Lotus rounded out the points with 5th and 6th places. The first atmospheric car to finish was the Benetton-Ford of Thierry Boutsen. Nakajima and Boutsen both finished a lap down on Prost in 7th place. The first race of FISA's new equivalency formula in a bid to make the 'atmos' competitive had seen turbos still take all the points on offer.


1988 Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1988 Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix was the last round of the 1988 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 15–17 September 1988 at the Goiânia circuit.


1988 Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Wayne Gardner was on pole, but Eddie Lawson got into the lead at the start, ahead of Wayne Rainey and Kevin Schwantz. Back in 6th place, Gardner was almost cut off by Pierfrancesco Chili, who tried a block pass on him; Gardner shook a fist.


1988 Brazilian motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Schwantz got around Lawson for 1st, but Lawson looked like he's not going to let it go. Gardner caught up to make it a trio, while Lawson retook the lead. Randy Mamola was hot-dogging, deliberately sliding the rear. Schwantz and Gardner went at it for 2nd place. Mamola almost highsided trying to impress the crowd, a bit later on a left-hander he looked over his shoulder and immediately slid the bike into a highside. Schwantz will do something similar next year at Phillip Island. Rainey retired with a punctured tire.


1988 Brisbane Broncos season
The 1988 Brisbane Broncos season was the first in the club's history. Coached by previous season grand final co-coach Wayne Bennett and captained by Australian national skipper Wally Lewis, the new venture team competed in the New South Wales Rugby League's 1988 Winfield Cup premiership. Despite a strong start to the season, Brisbane failed to make the finals. During the season the Broncos also competed in the 1988 Panasonic Cup.


1988 Brisbane Broncos season, Season summary
The same year Brisbane hosted World Expo 88, the Brisbane Broncos joined the New South Wales Rugby League premiership, making their debut on 6 March at Lang Park in Brisbane. The brand-new club which featured many Queensland-based international and state representatives, defeated the 1987 Winfield Cup Premiers Manly-Warringah 44-10 in their first premiership game. Brett Le Man scored the Broncos' first ever try from the scraps of a Craig Grauf bomb.


1988 Brisbane Broncos season, Season summary
Although the Broncos won their first six games in their inaugural season, a midseason slump cost the club a debut finals appearance, finishing the season in seventh position. The Broncos also competed in the mid-week knockout competition, the 1988 Panasonic Cup, losing in the first round while they were still yet to lose a Winfield Cup match.


1988 Bristol City Council election
The 1988 Bristol City Council election took place on 5 May 1988 to elect members of Bristol City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of seats were up for election. This was the first election following the merger of the Liberal Party and SDP to form the Social & Liberal Democrats. There were also several candidates representing the continuing SDP. There was a general small swing to Labour.


1988 Bristol City Council election, Ward results
The change is calculated using the results when these actual seats were last contested, i.e. the 1984 election.


1988 Bristol Open
The 1988 Bristol Open was a tennis tournament played on grass courts that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at Bristol in Great Britain from 13 June to 20 June 1988.


1988 Bristol Open, Finals, Doubles
Peter Doohan /  Laurie Warder defeated  Martin Davis /  Tim Pawsat 2–6, 6–4, 7–5


1988 Bristol Open – Doubles
Peter Doohan and Laurie Warder won the title, defeating Marty Davis and Tim Pawsat 2–6, 6–4, 7–5 in the final.


1988 Bristol Open – Singles
Kelly Evernden was the defending champion, but lost in the third round this year.


1988 Bristol Open – Singles
Christian Saceanu won the title, defeating Ramesh Krishnan 6–4, 2–6, 6–2 in the final.


1988 Brit Awards
The 1988 Brit Awards were the 8th edition of the biggest annual pop music awards in the United Kingdom. They are run by the British Phonographic Industry and took place on 8 February 1988 at Royal Albert Hall in London. This year marked the first presentation of the now-defunct International Breakthrough Act award.


1988 Brit Awards
The awards ceremony, hosted by Noel Edmonds, was televised by the BBC.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown
On 23 June 1988, an Army Air Corps (AAC) Westland Lynx, serial number XZ664, was shot down by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) near  Aughanduff Mountain, County Armagh, in Northern Ireland. A unit of the IRA's South Armagh Brigade fired at the British Army helicopter using automatic rifles and heavy machine guns. The disabled helicopter was forced to crash-land in an open field; the aircraft and its crew were eventually recovered by British forces.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Background
Since 1976, after a relentless series of roadside bombings and ambushes on military convoys, the British Army declared the area of South Armagh, roughly below a line stretching from Newtownhamilton to Newry, out of limits for military vehicles. Some exceptions were made, such as undercover civilian-type vehicles or, in certain occasions when heavy equipment or materials should be transported, lorries had to move through a series of checkpoints to reach their destination safely. Therefore, all military movement and resupply  missions across South Armagh had to be carried out by helicopter. This decision bore criticism from both politicians and military officers, since this gave the IRA a de facto control of South Armagh. This situation made the British security base at Bessbrook Mills, County Armagh, the busiest heliport in Europe, with an average of 600 flights in and out per week.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Background
Due to this heavy reliance on air supply, the shooting down of helicopters had become a high priority for the IRA in this and other border regions. Most of the attacks on British Army helicopters carried out by the IRA during The Troubles took place in South Armagh.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Background
In October 1979, the AAC in Northern Ireland replaced the Scout with the more versatile Lynx AH1.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, The attack
On 23 June 1988, Army Air Corps Lynx helicopter XZ664 departed from Crossmaglen toward its base at Bessbrook Mill. The pilot was Royal Navy Lieutenant David Richardson, attached to the Army Air Corps 665 sq. Meanwhile, a 12-men strong IRA unit, hidden in the slopes of Aughanduff Mountain and armed with two DShK heavy machine guns, three M60 machine guns and AK-47 assault rifles waited for the Lynx, aware of the route usually taken by the helicopters coming in from Crossmaglen.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, The attack
At 12:55, some five kilometres from Silverbridge, as they approached the 234-metre high hill where the IRA men had taken positions, the aircraft was hit by 15 armour-piercing and incendiary rounds on its fuselage and rotors, and got into a spin. Control cables were cut, and one of the engines shut-down. The pilot made a hard landing in an open field near Cashel Lough Upper, in which one member of the crew was injured.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, The attack
The IRA team, armed with machine guns and an anti-tank rocket launcher, searched for the crash site to finish the helicopter and its crew off, but they were unable to find it. The area was eventually secured by British Army patrols,and by the arrival of another Lynx carrying on an Airborne Reaction Force (ARF). The badly damaged Lynx was lifted off by a Royal Air Force Chinook helicopter. The incident marked the first time the IRA used the DShK heavy-machine guns smuggled from Libya against British forces.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Aftermath
The DShKs and their armour-piercing ammunition became the weapon of choice for the South Armagh IRA in later attacks. On 20 October 1989 an IRA team mounted two heavy machine guns on the back of a lorry. This time the target was an unmarked civilian-type, armour-plated Ford Sierra driven by two uncovered RUC constables from Bessbrook Mills to Belleeks, which was riddled with more than 70 rounds and exploded in flames. One of the constables was killed, while the other had a narrow escape. The machine guns are though to be the same employed in the shooting down of Lynx XZ664.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Aftermath
By June 1989, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Tom King admitted that a number of counter-measures had been taken by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) to deal with the increasing threat of the IRA's use of heavy machine-guns. Kevlar panels were fitted to the helicopters bellies, and the rotorcraft were ordered to fly in pairs over border areas to assure mutual assistance. Army Air Corps pilots carried MP5 machine pistols after the incident.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Aftermath
In spite of these security steps, sources reported a number of heavy machine-guns attacks against helicopters on the following years, in South Armagh and elsewhere. A Gazelle (serial number ZB687) was shot down by members of the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade on 11 February 1990 between Augher and Derrygorry. On 13 February 1991, Lynx ZE380 was heavily damaged and brought down near Crossmaglen by an IRA unit using one DShK heavy machine gun and two GPMG machine guns. The crew were rescued unscathed by another helicopter.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Aftermath
On 15 March 1992, an IRA unit fired more than 1,000 machine gun rounds at two Lynx helicopters from across the border near Rosslea, County Fermanagh. A protracted shoot-out between Lynx helicopters and armed IRA trucks, all of them mounting DShKs, occurred along Newry Road, east of Crossmaglen, on 23 September 1993.


1988 British Army Lynx shootdown, Aftermath
Lynx XZ664 returned to service, but suffered a failure of the tail-rotor while flying near RAF Leeming in February 2001 and rolled over; this time the machine sustained enough damage to be written off.


1988 British Formula Three Championship
The 1988 British Formula Three season was the 38th season of the British Formula Three Championship. JJ Lehto took the BARC/BRDC Lucas British Formula 3 Championship.


1988 British Grand Prix
The 1988 British Grand Prix (formally the XLI Shell Oils British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 10 July 1988 at the Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone. It was the eighth race of the 1988 FIA Formula One World Championship.


1988 British Grand Prix
The 65-lap race was won by Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren-Honda, after starting from third position. The win, Senna's fourth of the season, moved him to within six points of teammate Alain Prost in the Drivers' Championship, Prost having retired before half distance with handling problems. Local driver Nigel Mansell finished second in a Williams-Judd, with Alessandro Nannini third in a Benetton-Ford.


1988 British Grand Prix
To commemorate the 40th anniversary of the opening of the Silverstone Circuit, many facilities had been added to the circuit, including a Press Centre complex, an internal ring road, debris fencing, wide screens to show live action as broadcast by the BBC, and a 600-metre long hospitality tent for corporate guests. However, the weekend was overshadowed by the death of RAC Chief Executive Peter Hammond in a car crash on the way to the track.


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
After weeks of speculation, Nigel Mansell announced that he would race for Ferrari in the 1989 season, encouraged to go to the Italian team by a series of high speed accidents on Friday as a result of problems with Williams' reactive suspension, as well as a streak of seven consecutive retirements.


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
Williams struggled during qualifying. With Mansell only 13th after the Friday session and Riccardo Patrese 30th and last, some 14 seconds from 26th place, the team's Technical Director Patrick Head made a snap decision to dump the reactive suspension until the end of the season. This they did overnight between the Friday and Saturday sessions of the event after previously telling both drivers that changing to the more conventional suspension was next to impossible without months of work. Head said in an interview on race morning that "It's a bodge frankly. We've put steel mechanical springs and dampers on. We've changed the front struts into dampers, designed some new bits and pieces which we machined up overnight. We did some new pistons for the front struts...it's a bit of a bodge as I said".


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
The grid had an unfamiliar look to it. The McLarens were suffering handling problems because of new bodywork introduced that was more suitable for high speed circuits coming up later in the season. Meanwhile, the Ferraris of Gerhard Berger and Michele Alboreto got the jump on everyone and occupied the front row of the grid. Berger's pole time of 1:10.133 was three seconds slower than the 1987 pole time set by Nelson Piquet.


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
Although on pole, Berger was far from confident going into the race stating that the Ferraris could not live with the McLarens on fuel consumption, words echoed by Alboreto. For his part Alboreto secured his first front row start since he scored pole in the opening race of the 1985 season in Brazil, it was the last time the Italian would start an F1 race from the front row. Senna and Prost qualified in 3rd and 4th place, the first time no McLaren had been on the front row of the grid since the 1987 Mexican Grand Prix and first time in 1988 that neither McLaren was on pole.


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
During the Friday qualifying session, Senna had two high speed spins at Stowe corner as both he and Prost searched in vain for balance with their cars' new bodywork. The team reverted to the cars having the turbo snorkels for the rest of the weekend which restored some of the cars' balance, but the time lost and the Ferraris with their better top end power put pole out of reach of even Senna. Further testing at Silverstone before the next race in Germany revealed other factors and not the missing snorkels were the cause of the cars' imbalance and the McLarens did not appear with the turbo snorkels for the rest of the season.


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
The naturally aspirated March-Judds impressed with Maurício Gugelmin qualifying 5th and Ivan Capelli 6th, ahead of the turbos of Lotus and Arrows, while Mansell and Patrese qualified in 11th and 15th respectively with Patrese almost 18 seconds quicker in Saturday qualifying than he was on Friday.


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
Despite Patrick Head describing the converted suspension as a bodge, both Williams drivers expressed their delight at their cars' new 'conventional' suspension, saying it was amazing how much more confidence they had in their cars knowing that they would now behave the same way lap after lap and not different from lap to lap and sometimes corner to corner as it was with the reactive cars.


1988 British Grand Prix, Qualifying
Both Zakspeed turbos failed to qualify for the race showing the cars' lack of handling and lack of power from the team's own 4 cylinder engines with Bernd Schneider the slowest of the 30 drivers, some 7.9 seconds slower than Berger's Ferrari. His experienced teammate Piercarlo Ghinzani fared little better, being almost 6 seconds slower than the Ferrari. Also failing to make the grid were the EuroBrun of Oscar Larrauri and the Ligier of Stefan Johansson, who complained of lack of grip from his JS31. The Coloni of Gabriele Tarquini failed to pre-qualify, despite setting a time faster than what Schneider managed in qualifying.


1988 British Grand Prix, Race summary
The race was held in pouring rain, the first wet race since the 1985 Belgian Grand Prix. Senna made an excellent start to tail Berger and Alboreto into the first turn. Alboreto had actually beaten Berger away but with the inside line the Austrian pulled ahead through Copse. Senna was soon past the Italian and challenging Berger for the lead. Prost made a poor start, falling back to ninth. On lap 3, Capelli dropped back with electrical trouble.


1988 British Grand Prix, Race summary
By lap 14 Gugelmin, Alessandro Nannini and Mansell were fighting for third place. On lap 14, Senna took the lead under the Bridge chicane, overtaking Berger and lapping a slow-running Prost at the same time. Using his skill in wet conditions, Senna managed to pull away and build a lead. On lap 20, Mansell overtook Nannini for fourth, after which the Italian spun at Club and let Gugelmin through. Two laps later, Mansell passed Alboreto for third. On lap 24 Prost retired, claiming handling problems of his McLaren.


1988 British Grand Prix, Race summary
"The handling of my car was terrible from the start. Understeer here, oversteer there...I was getting into huge slides, taking huge risks, to run 15th. Why risk a big accident, maybe break a leg or something, and put myself out for the rest of the year – so I can maybe be 12th or something? Everyone does what he wants with his own car and his own life. I know maybe I lost the championship today, but I decided to stop."


1988 British Grand Prix, Race summary
Alain Prost in the McLaren pit following his retirement from the British Grand Prix.


1988 British Grand Prix, Race summary
Seeking out the wet parts of the track to cool his tyres, Mansell set the fastest lap of the race on lap 48, at an average speed of 206 km/h. On lap 50, he caught and passed Berger, then held second place until the finish, some 23 seconds behind Senna. Berger was suffering with a fuel deficit and was losing places rapidly. He finally ran out of fuel on the very last corner, dropping from 5th to 9th behind Piquet, Warwick, Cheever and Patrese. The same problem happened to Alboreto, who had run out of fuel on lap 63.


1988 British Grand Prix, Race summary
Nannini, despite two further spins, claimed his first Grand Prix podium finish. Gugelmin collected his first World Championship points, and Nelson Piquet and Derek Warwick rounded out the top six.


1988 British Grand Prix, Race summary
Mansell's fastest lap time of 1:23.308 was over 13 seconds slower than the lap record of 1:09.832 he set the previous year in dry conditions.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash
G-BEID was a Sikorsky S-61N helicopter of British International Helicopters which made a controlled ditching in the sea 29 nmi (54 km; 33 mi) northeast of Sumburgh on 13 July 1988 following an engine fire. There were no fatalities.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Accident
The helicopter left the Safe Felicia semi-submersible oil rig in the Forties oilfield at 13:45 with 2 pilots and a full load of 19 passengers for the one hour flight to Sumburgh Airport on the Mainland of Shetland.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Accident
At 14:28 the co-pilot (who was flying) reported hearing a muffled bang which was also heard by some of the passengers, from the area of the No. 2 engine transmission. Shortly after, the No. 2 engine's fire warning lights came on. The pilot immediately began a descent and transmitted a distress call.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Accident
About 48 seconds after the noise, the No. 2 engine was shut down and the fire extinguisher triggered. The No. 1 engine fire warning then also illuminated, while passengers saw oil leaking from the cabin ceiling.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Accident
The pilot advised the passengers to prepare for an emergency ditching and took control of the aircraft. The floats were deployed and a gentle ditching was made about 3 minutes after the initial noise had been heard, by which time the helicopter's cabin had filled with smoke. All 21 occupants evacuated on to liferafts and were then winched up into a Search and Rescue helicopter. After a strong fire consumed most of the floating helicopter, the remains broke up and sank.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Investigation
A recovery operation was mounted using the DSV (diving support vessel) Stena Marianos which arrived on site on 16 July 1988. The aft fuselage section was raised the following day and the forward section shortly after. The recovery operation had to be ended on 19 July before finding the engines or transmission components due to the Stena Marianos having other commitments.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Investigation
The recovery continued on 2 August using the DSV Norskald, and the engines, main rotor, and transmission were located and raised on 5 August.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Investigation, Cause
It was concluded that the fire had occurred in the helicopter's main gearbox, probably resulting from the effects of a bearing failure in the No. 2 engine. A further factor was the lack of fire detection or suppression capability within the gearbox bay. The cause of the bearing failure could not be definitely established.


1988 British International Helicopters Sikorsky S-61N crash, Investigation, Safety recommendations
The AAIB made a list of 27 safety recommendations to the CAA. These addressed improvements in maintenance, early detection of problems, emergency escape equipment, documention and training provisions, and firewall integrity. Most of these were accepted by the CAA.


1988 British League season
The 1988 British League season was the 54th season of the top tier of speedway in the United Kingdom and the 24th known as the British League.


1988 British League season, Summary
Coventry Bees won the league for the second successive year and again by a 16 point margin. The Bees also reached the Knockout Cup final losing to Cradley Heath. Remarkably it was Cradley's seventh Cup win in 10 years. With the League Cup scrapped the Coventry team had less fixtures to ride and their pairing of Tommy Knudsen and Kelvin Tatum were once again the catalyst for the seasons success finishing 2nd and 4th respectively in the averages. Hans Nielsen topped the averages again for the sixth consecutive season.


1988 British League season, Final table
M = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points


1988 British League season, British League Knockout Cup
The 1988 Speedway Star British League Knockout Cup was the 50th edition of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams. Cradley Heath Heathens were the winners for the third successive year if including the tied 1986 final.


1988 British League season, British League Knockout Cup, Final, Second leg
Cradley Heath were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 100-80.


1988 British National Track Championships
The 1988 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 29 July - 7 August 1988 at the Leicester Velodrome.


1988 British Open
The 1988 British Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament, that was held from 21 February to 6 March 1988 with television coverage beginning on 26 February at the Assembly Rooms in Derby, England.


1988 British Rowing Championships
The 1988 National Rowing Championships was the 17th edition of the National Championships, held from 15–17 July 1988 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham.


1988 British Speedway Championship
The 1988 British Speedway Championship was the 28th edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 2 May at Brandon in Coventry, England. The Championship was won by Simon Wigg, while Kelvin Tatum was second and Chris Morton beat Simon Cross in a run-off for third place.


1988 British Speedway Championship, Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1988 British Touring Car Championship
The 1988 Dunlop RAC British Touring Car Championship was the 31st season of the championship. The drivers title was won by Frank Sytner, driving a BMW Team Finance BMW M3. Second place overall was Phil Dowsett who dominated class D. Andy Rouse finished third on points, winning nine races outright of the twelve rounds.


1988 British Touring Car Championship, Calendar
All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold.


1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix was the twelfth round of the 1988 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 5–7 August 1988 at Donington Park.


1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
The front row: Wayne Gardner, Eddie Lawson, Christian Sarron, Niall Mackenzie and Wayne Rainey.


1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Rainey and Mackenzie get a good launch, and through the first turn it's Rainey and he's opening a gap the field. Rainey is using carbon fiber brakes for the first time, which had only been tested and not raced on.


1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Kevin Schwantz is in around 8th place and tries to pass two or three riders simultaneously at the chicane, but crashes into Ron Haslam and causes a bottleneck. Haslam struggles to get out of the gravel and back into the race, and Schwantz is out with a broken kneecap. Marco Papa highsides out of the race.


1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Finishing the first lap it's Rainey, then a gap to Gardner, Sarron, and Mackenzie. Randy Mamola and Norihiko Fujiwara come together at the hairpin, but stay up.


1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Rainey is maintaining a gap, and Gardner makes a mistake at the chicane and lets Sarron and Mackenzie through, but he's soon back to 2nd. Mamola is sliding the rear and waving to the crowd.


1988 British motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
On the last lap, McElnea highsides coming out of the chicane.


1988 Brown Bears football team
The 1988 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Brown went winless and finished last in the Ivy League.


1988 Brown Bears football team
In their fifth season under head coach John Rosenberg, the Bears compiled an 0–9–1 record and were outscored 285 to 125. Greg Kylish, George Pyne and L. Wood were the team captains.


1988 Brown Bears football team
The Bears' 0–6–1 conference record placed last in the Ivy League standings. They were outscored 196 to 91 by Ivy opponents.


1988 Brown Bears football team
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.


1988 Brownlow Medal
The 1988 Brownlow Medal was the 61st year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Gerard Healy of the Sydney Swans won the medal by polling twenty votes during the 1988 VFL season.


1988 Brownlow Medal, Leading votegetters
* The player was ineligible to win the medal due to suspension by the VFL Tribunal during the year.


1988 Broxbourne Borough Council election
The Broxbourne Council election, 1988 was held to elect council members of the Broxbourne Borough Council, the local government authority of the borough of Broxbourne,  Hertfordshire, England.


1988 Broxbourne Borough Council election, Results summary
An election was held in 14 wards on 5 May 1988.


1988 Broxbourne Borough Council election, Results summary
15 seats were contested (2 seats in Hoddesdon North Ward)


1988 Broxbourne Borough Council election, Results summary
The Conservative Party made 2 gains in Bury Green Ward and Hoddesdon Town Ward at the expense of the Labour Party and the Social & Liberal Democrats respectively.


1988 Broxbourne Borough Council election, Results summary
The political balance of the council following this election was:


1988 Brussels summit
The 1988 Brussels summit was the 8th NATO summit bringing the leaders of member nations together at the same time. The formal sessions and informal meetings in Brussels, Belgium took place on 2–3 March 1988.


1988 Brussels summit, Background
In this period, the organization faced unresolved questions concerned whether a new generation of leaders would be as committed to NATO as their predecessors had been. Generational change in the leadership of the Soviet Union brought Mikhail Gorbachev to the international stage; but NATO leaders were increasingly uneasy about how to respond to his personable qualities. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher counseled that it was probably a good idea to "do business" with him, but other NATO leaders were uncertain about what Gorbachev's openness might be hiding. These fears were minimized by the Soviet announcement that troops were going to be withdrawn from Afghanistan. The unilateral withdraw of 500,000 troops and 10,000 tanks from Eastern Europe sent an unmistakable message of change.


1988 Brussels summit, Agenda
The general discussions focused on the need for a reaffirmation of the purpose and principles of the Alliance. Other informal meetings explored what NATO's posture should be in its objectives for East-West relations.


1988 Brussels summit, Accomplishments
The summit's work was directed towards adoption of a blueprint for strengthening stability in the whole of Europe through conventional arms control negotiations.


1988 Bucknell Bison football team
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jweiss11 (talk | contribs) at 15:34, 11 September 2020 (cat sort key). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1988 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1988 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Bucknell tied for third in the Colonial League.


1988 Bucknell Bison football team
In their third and final year under head coach George Landis, the Bison compiled a 3–7 record. Ed Foley, Chris Hackley and Steve Weiss were the team captains.


1988 Bucknell Bison football team
The Bison were outscored 323 to 229. Their 2–3 conference record placed Bucknell in a three-way tie for third (and for next-to-last) in the six-team Colonial League standings.


1988 Bucknell Bison football team
Bucknell played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1988 Buenos Aires Grand Prix – Doubles
Tomás Carbonell and Sergio Casal were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.


1988 Buenos Aires Grand Prix – Doubles
Carlos Costa and Javier Sánchez won the title, defeating Eduardo Bengoechea and José Luis Clerc 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 in the final.


1988 Buenos Aires Grand Prix – Singles
Javier Sánchez defeated Guillermo Pérez Roldán 6–2, 7–6 to win the 1988 Buenos Aires Grand Prix singles competition. Perez-Roldan was the defending champion.


1988 Buffalo Bills season
The 1988 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 29th overall season as a football team and the 19th in the National Football League. The Bills ended a streak of four consecutive losing seasons by winning the AFC East; they finished the NFL's 1988 season with a record of 12 wins and 4 losses; it was the club's first winning season since 1981, its first 12-win season since the 1964 AFL championship season, and only the fifth double-digit win season in team history. The Bills were 8–0 at home for the first time in their franchise history. On the road, the Bills were 4–4. From an attendance standpoint, the franchise set a record for attendance with 631,818 fans.


1988 Buffalo Bills season
This was the first of four consecutive AFC East titles for the Bills. They started the season 11–1 before losing three of their final four games, costing them the top seed in the AFC, and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs.


1988 Buffalo Bills season
It was Buffalo's first trip to the postseason since 1981. The Bills were the #2 seed in the AFC (behind #1 Cincinnati), giving the Bills their first home playoff game since the 1966 AFL Championship, and their first ever playoff game at Rich Stadium. The 1988 season would be the first of five AFC Championship game appearances over six seasons, and their only loss in the conference championship game.


1988 Buffalo Bills season
The 1988 season was the first for running back Thurman Thomas, nose tackle Jeff Wright, and linebacker Carlton Bailey. Thomas would rush for 881 yards, despite only carrying the ball 207 times (42.7% of total team carries by a running back) while sharing carries with Robb Riddick, Jamie Mueller and Ronnie Harmon.


1988 Buffalo Bills season
The Bills had a dominant defense in 1988: they gave up the fewest points (237) and the fewest total yards (4,578) in the AFC in 1988. The defensive unit was given the nickname "Blizzard Defense," alluding to Buffalo's harsh winters.


1988 Buffalo Bills season
Four Bills players made the All-Pro team in 1988: defensive end Bruce Smith, linebackers Shane Conlan and Cornelius Bennett, and kicker Scott Norwood.


1988 Buffalo Bills season
Head coach Marv Levy was named NFL Coach of the Year by The Sporting News and UPI.


1988 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason, NFL Draft
ESPN's cameras watched Oklahoma State running back Thurman Thomas in his home as he waited to be drafted. He fell to the second round, where the Bills made him their first pick at 40th overall. Thomas would go on to a Pro Football Hall of Fame career, where he would eclipse O. J. Simpson's all-time team rushing record with 12,074 yards. Thomas would set an NFL record by leading the league in yards-from-scrimmage for four consecutive years, from 1989–1992. (The record of three was previously held by Hall of Famer Jim Brown.) Thomas was a five-time Pro Bowl selection and NFL Offensive Player of the Year in 1992.


1988 Buffalo Bills season, Playoffs, AFC Divisional Playoff
Buffalo's first playoff game since 1981 was a 17–10 win over the Oilers. Jim Kelly threw for 244 yards and an interception while Thurman Thomas and Robb Riddick had rushing scores to go with 87 rushing yards. The Bills intercepted Warren Moon once and forced two Oilers fumbles.


1988 Buffalo Bills season, Playoffs, AFC Championship Game
The Bengals forced 3 interceptions, and allowed only 45 rushing yards and 136 passing yards, while their offense held the ball for 39:29. Bills starting running back Thurman Thomas was held to just 6 yards on 4 carries, while quarterback Jim Kelly completed only 14 of 30 passes for 161 yards and 1 touchdown, with 3 interceptions.


1988 Bulgarian Cup Final
The 1988 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 48th final of the Bulgarian Cup, and was contested between Levski Sofia and CSKA Sofia on 11 May 1988 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 4–1.


1988 CA-TennisTrophy
The 1988 CA-TennisTrophy was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and ran from 17 October through 24 October 1988. Unseeded Horst Skoff won the singles title.


1988 CA-TennisTrophy, Finals, Doubles
Alex Antonitsch /  Balázs Taróczy defeated  Kevin Curren /  Tomáš Šmíd 4–6, 6–3, 7–6


1988 CA-TennisTrophy – Doubles
Mel Purcell and Tim Wilkison were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1988 CA-TennisTrophy – Doubles
Alex Antonitsch and Balázs Taróczy won in the final 4–6, 6–3, 7–6 against Kevin Curren and Tomáš Šmíd.


1988 CA-TennisTrophy – Singles
Jonas Svensson was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Horst Skoff.


1988 CA-TennisTrophy – Singles
Skoff won in the final 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 against Thomas Muster.


1988 CAA Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1988 Colonial Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 5–7 at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia.


1988 CAA Men's Basketball Tournament
Richmond defeated George Mason in the championship game, 74–71, to win their second CAA/ECAC South men's basketball tournament. The Spiders, therefore, earned an automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Tournament, where they advanced to the program's first Sweet Sixteen.


1988 CARIFTA Games
The 17th CARIFTA Games was held in Kingston, Jamaica on April 2–4, 1988.


1988 CARIFTA Games, Participation (unofficial)
For the 1988 CARIFTA Games only the medalists can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website. An unofficial count yields the number of about 117 medalists (67 junior (under-20) and 50 youth (under-17)) from about 16 countries:  Antigua and Barbuda (1), Bahamas (17), Barbados (6), Bermuda (2), Cayman Islands (4), Guadeloupe (6), Guyana (6), Jamaica (43), Martinique (13), Montserrat (1), Netherlands Antilles (2), Saint Kitts and Nevis (1), Saint Lucia (2), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2), Suriname (1), Trinidad and Tobago (10).


1988 CARIFTA Games, Austin Sealy Award
The Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the games was awarded to Michelle Freeman from Jamaica. She won 2 gold medals (100m, and 100m hurdles) in the junior (U-20) category. In addition, she was probably part of at least one of the medal-winning relay teams (there is no information on the team members).


1988 CARIFTA Games, Medal summary
Medal winners are published by category: Boys under 20 (Junior), Girls under 20 (Junior), Boys under 17 (Youth), and Girls under 17 (Youth). The medalists can also be found on the "World Junior Athletics History"website.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series
The 1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 10th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 15 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Danny Sullivan was the national champion, winning for Team Penske. The rookie of the year was John Jones. The 1988 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Rick Mears won the Indy 500, his third victory at Indy.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series
The 1988 season was the breakout year for the Ilmor Chevrolet Indy V-8 engine. After being introduced in 1986, and earning its first victory in 1987, the Ilmor Chevy dominated the series in 1988, and established itself as the best powerplant on the circuit. Chevy won 14 of the 15 races, and all 15 pole positions. Along the way, the Ilmor Chevy earned its first victory at Indianapolis in 1988, with Rick Mears winning from the pole.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
Danny Sullivan won four races, nine pole positions, and had 11 top five finishes en route to the championship title. Sullivan got off to a slow start, but at Indy, he and his Penske teammates (Rick Mears and Al Unser) dominated the month of May. The Penske team swept all three spots on the front row, and led 192 of the 200 laps. Sullivan himself qualified second and dominated the first half of the race. He dropped out just beyond the halfway point when a wing adjuster failed and sent his car into the wall. He rebounded over the next six races, posting two wins and no finish worse than 4th.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
Sullivan's nearest competitors during the season were Al Unser Jr. and Bobby Rahal. Unser Jr. left Doug Shierson Racing after a winless 1987 campaign and returned to Galles Racing for 1988, and also got use of the coveted Chevrolet engine. Unser won at Long Beach and Toronto, then won a controversial race at the Meadowlands. Battling for the lead in the late stages of the race, he tangled with Emerson Fittipaldi, sending Fittipaldi into the tire barrier.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
Back-to-back defending CART champion, and 1986 Indy winner Bobby Rahal returned for his last season at Truesports. The team dropped the Cosworth DFX and the took up development of the Judd AV engine. The engine was known to be down on horsepower, but excelled in fuel mileage and reliability, particularly in the 500-mile races. Rahal finished 4th at Indy, second at the Michigan 500, and won the Pocono 500. His ten top five finishes kept him in contention for the title, but with only one win, he was struggling to keep pace with the Chevy-powered teams.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
After winning the Michigan 500, Danny Sullivan took the points lead for the first time all year. The lead was short-lived, however, as he wrecked at Pocono. Rahal and Unser Jr. finished 1-2 at Pocono, and the top three in the standings were separated by only 5 points with five races remaining.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
At Mid-Ohio, Rahal crashed out, and his title hopes began to fade. Sullivan and Unser were separated by 1 point with four races to go. All three drivers finished strong at Road America, and the championship battle pushed on. The turning point of the season came at Nazareth. Al Unser Jr. blew his engine, Rahal was not a factor, but Sullivan dominated. Sullivan started from the pole, and led the final 74 laps to score a crucial victory. With only two races left, Sullivan had a commanding 25-point lead.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
At the second-to-last race of the season at Laguna Seca, Sullivan pulled out a hat trick by winning the pole, leading the most laps, and winning the race. With still one race left, Sullivan clinched the 1988 CART title, holding an insurmountable 35-point lead. It was Sullivan's first and only championship title and Penske's first since 1985.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
With the championship decided for Sullivan, the season finale at Miami became a race to see who would finish second in points. Rahal held an 8-point lead over Al Unser Jr., with Mario Andretti and Rick Mears also lurking in 4th and 5th, respectively. Unser Jr. dominated the race, leading 82 (of 112) laps and winning for the second time at the Tamiami Park circuit. Rahal blew an engine, Mario Andretti dropped out, and Mears finished second. The results saw a shake up in the standings, with Unser Jr. finishing second in points, Rahal third, and Mears slipping ahead of Andretti by 3 points for 4th and 5th.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season recap
Other stories from 1988 included A. J. Foyt returning to a full-time schedule (from 1980-1987, he only ran a partial schedule), and the Porsche Indy car team expanding to full-time with driver Teo Fabi. Rookie John Andretti suffered a devastating crash at the Pocono 500, but would recover before the end of the season. Jim Crawford, who suffered serious leg injuries in a crash in 1987, returned to the cockpit with a notable run at Indianapolis where he led 8 laps and finished 6th, the best result to-date for the Buick V-6 engine.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Drivers and constructors
The following teams and drivers competed for the 1988 Indy Car World Series.


1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series, Season Summary, Schedule
O  Oval/Speedway R  Dedicated road course S  Temporary street circuitNC Non -championship event


1988 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
The 1988 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 17th CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 4 and March 12, 1988. First round games were played at campus sites, while 'final four' games were played at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. By winning the tournament, Bowling Green received the Central Collegiate Hockey Association's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.


1988 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format
The tournament featured three rounds of play. The team that finished below eighth place in the standings was not eligible for postseason play. In the quarterfinals, the first and eighth seeds, the second and seventh seeds, the third seed and sixth seeds and the fourth seed and fifth seeds played a best-of-three series, with the winners advancing to the semifinals. In the semifinals, the remaining highest and lowest seeds and second highest and second lowest seeds play a single-game, with the winners advancing to the finals. The tournament champion receives an automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.


1988 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Conference Standings
Note: GP = Games Played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; PTS = Points; GF = Goals For; GA = Goals Against


1988 CECAFA Cup
The 1988 CECAFA Cup was the 15th edition of the tournament. It was held in Malawi, and was won by the hosts. The matches were played between November 6–19.


1988 CECAFA Cup, Semi-finals
Abandoned in 107' (aet) at 0–0 due to power failure.


1988 CFL Draft
The 1988 CFL Draft composed of eight rounds where 64 Canadian football players were chosen from eligible Canadian universities and Canadian players playing in the NCAA. This was the first draft not to feature a Montreal franchise, as the Alouettes had folded just before the start of the 1987 regular season. This was also the first national draft to feature only eight teams.


1988 CFL season
The 1988 Canadian Football League season is considered to be the 35th season in modern-day Canadian football, although it is officially the 31st Canadian Football League season.


1988 CFL season, CFL News in 1988
The Canadian Football Network reached an agreement with the CFL to extend its network for two more seasons.


1988 CFL season, CFL News in 1988
Game rosters were revised to consist of 20-Non Imports, 14-Imports and 2-Quarterbacks. The reserve list was lowered from 4 players to 2 players. In addition, if a team decided to dress 14-Imports, one of those imports had to be designated as a special teams player.


1988 CFL season, CFL News in 1988
On Monday, December 12, the CFL Board of Governors appointed Roy McMurty as Chairman/Chief Executive Officer and Bill Baker as President/Chief Operating Officer, succeeding Douglas Mitchell as the league's commissioner (both McMurtry and Baker served as the league's de facto co-commissioners for the 1989 season). Their appointments were confirmed on Sunday, January 1, 1989. The CFL Board of Governors also approved the sale of the Toronto Argonauts from Carling O'Keefe Breweries to Harry Ornest.


1988 CFL season, Regular season standings, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1988 CFL season, Grey Cup playoffs
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers were the 1988 Grey Cup champions, defeating the BC Lions 22–21, at Ottawa's Lansdowne Park. This was the first Grey Cup game between two teams from west of Ontario, and the first to be won by a team which had only a .500 season. The Blue Bombers' James Murphy (WR) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Offence and Michael Gray (DT) was named Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Defence, while Bob Cameron (K/P) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian.


1988 CFU Championship, Qualifying tournament, First Round
The following are the known matches for the first round. However, there may be more matches.


1988 CFU Championship, Qualifying tournament, Second Round
Note: these two matches were also part of the first round of the 1989 CONCACAF Championship qualification.


1988 CFU Championship, Qualifying tournament, Second Round
Suriname  vs  Guadeloupe was another 2nd round fixture, Guadeloupe won but the result(s) were unknown.


1988 CFU Championship, Finals
The last match between Martinique and Trinidad/Tobago was abandoned at half time due to power failure; scoreline declared final.


1988 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The 1988 CONCACAF Champions' Cup was the 24th. edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean), the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. It determined that year's club champion of association football in the CONCACAF region and was played from 11 March till 21 December 1988.


1988 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The teams were split in 2 zones, North/Central America and Caribbean, (as North and Central America sections combined to qualify one team for the final), each one qualifying two teams to the final tournament.


1988 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
Hondurean club Olimpia beat Trinidarian side Defence Force 4–0 on aggregate to become champions, thus achieving their second CONCACAF trophy.


1988 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, Caribbean Zone, Second round
Matches and results unknown: La Gauloise Seba United Sport Guyanais


1988 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament
The 1988 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament was the seventh edition of the CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament, the quadrennial, international football tournament organised by the CONCACAF to determine which national teams from the North, Central America and Caribbean region qualify for the Olympic football tournament.


1988 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament
United States and Guatemala qualified for the 1988 Summer Olympics. Mexico had originally qualified but were disqualified by FIFA for the Cachirules scandal.


1988 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament qualification
The qualifying competition for the 1988 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament determined the three teams for the final tournament.


1988 CONCACAF Pre-Olympic Tournament qualification, First round
The winners from Group A would qualify for the Second Round. The Group B, and Group C winners would qualify for the Final Round automatically.


1988 CONCACAF U-16 Tournament
The 1988 CONCACAF U-16 Championship was a North American international association football tournament, it determined the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship entrants from the CONCACAF region. The 1988 edition of the competition was held in Trinidad and Tobago.


1988 CONCACAF U-16 Tournament, Final Group
Canada, Cuba and USA qualified to the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship in Scotland.


1988 CONCACAF U-20 Tournament
The CONCACAF Under-20 Championship 1988 was held in Guatemala, although it has also been reported that the tournament was held in Trinidad and Tobago. It also served as qualification for the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1988 CONCACAF U-20 Tournament, Qualification to World Youth Championship
The two best performing teams qualified for the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1988 CSN strike
The 1988 strike was an historical strike at the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional. Three workers died in an attempt by the police and the army to retake control of the facilities. Two of them were shot and taken by their colleagues to a hospital. One was found with heavy bruises in the head.


1988 CSN strike
A monument designed by Oscar Niemeyer was erected in honour of the victims. It was partially destroyed by a bomb in the next day, and only in 1999 it was discovered that this was done by the army. This event is considered one of the landmarks of the period of "Brazilian late dictatorship."


1988 Caithness District Council election
Elections to the Cathness District Council took place in May 1988, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts. The number of seats and the total vote share won by each party is listed below.


1988 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1988 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1988 NCAA Division II football season.


1988 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
Cal Poly competed in the Western Football Conference (WFC). The Mustangs were led by second-year head coach Lyle Setencich and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins, four losses and one tie (5–4–1, 3–3 WFC). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 238–145 for the season.


1988 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL
The following Cal Poly Mustang players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1988 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team
The 1988 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team represented California State University, Fullerton during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1988 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team
The Titans competed in the Big West Conference. The team was led by ninth-year head coach Gene Murphy and played home games in Santa Ana Stadium in Santa Ana, California. They finished the season with five wins and six losses (5–6, 5–2 Big West).


1988 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team, Team players in the NFL
The following Cal State Fullerton players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1988 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team
The 1988 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team represented California State University, Hayward in the 1988 NCAA Division II football season. Cal State Hayward competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC).


1988 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team
The Pioneers were led by head coach Tim Tierney in his 14th year. They played home games at Pioneer Stadium in Hayward, California. The Pioneers finished the season with a record of two wins and nine losses (2–9, 1–4 NCAC). The Pioneers were outscored by their opponents 145–229 for the 1988 season.


1988 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal State Hayward Pioneers players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1988 Cal State Northridge Matadors football team
The 1988 Cal State Northridge Matadors football team represented Cal State Northridge during the 1988 NCAA Division II football season.


1988 Cal State Northridge Matadors football team
Cal State Northridge competed in the Western Football Conference (WFC). The 1988 Matadors were led by third-year head coach Bob Burt. They played home games at North Campus Stadium in Northridge, California. Cal State Northridge finished the season with a record of six wins and five losses (6–5, 2–4 WFC). The Matadors outscored their opponents 269–268 for the season.


1988 Cal State Northridge Matadors football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal State Northridge players were selected in the 1989 NFL Draft.


1988 Calder Cup playoffs
The 1988 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 6, 1988. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 12, 1988, with the Hershey Bears defeating the Fredericton Express four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the seventh time in team history. Hershey went an unprecedented 12-0 during their Calder Cup run, which also set an AHL record for most consecutive games won in one playoff. Hershey's Wendell Young won the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy as AHL playoff MVP.


1988 Calder Cup playoffs, Playoff seeds
After the 1987–88 AHL regular season, the top four teams from each division qualified for the playoffs. The Hershey Bears finished the regular season with the best overall record.


1988 Calder Cup playoffs, Bracket
In each round, the team that earned more points during the regular season receives home ice advantage, meaning they receive the "extra" game on home-ice if the series reaches the maximum number of games. There is no set series format due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations.


1988 Calgary Stampeders season
The 1988 Calgary Stampeders finished in 4th place in the West Division with a 6–12 record and missed the playoffs.


1988 California Angels season
The California Angels 1988 season involved the Angels finishing 4th in the American League West with a record of 75 wins and 87 losses.


1988 California Bowl
The 1988 California Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 10, 1988 at Bulldog Stadium in Fresno, California. The game pitted the Fresno State Bulldogs and the Western Michigan Broncos.


1988 California Bowl, Background
The Broncos started the season with a non-conference win over Wisconsin, and they promptly won the next four games (including three conference games) before a loss to Kent State. It was their only conference loss (though they did lose to independent and future MAC member Northern Illinois), closing out the season with a 23–16 win over Ohio. This was their first Mid-American Conference title since 1966, though it was their first non shared titled since 1929. It was also their first bowl game since 1961. Fresno State had a perfect conference record once again en route to their third Big West Conference title (and third California Bowl) in seven seasons.


1988 California Bowl, Game summary
Darrell Rosette rushed for 149 yards as the Bulldogs scored 21 points in the third quarter to outplay the Broncos.


1988 California Bowl, Aftermath
Western Michigan, despite having numerous seasons over .500 in the next few years (and two losses in the MAC Championship Game in 1999 and 2000), they were not invited to a bowl game until 2007. They did not win a bowl game until 2015, nor win the conference again until 2016. Fresno State won the conference the following year and faced off in the California Bowl, winning once again.


1988 California Golden Bears football team
The 1988 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second year under head coach Bruce Snyder, the Golden Bears compiled a 5–5–1 record (1–5–1 against Pac-10 opponents), finished in last place in the Pac-10, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 244 to 243.


1988 California Golden Bears football team
The team's statistical leaders included Troy Taylor with 2,416 passing yards, Chris Richards with 729 rushing yards, and Darryl Ingram with 513 receiving yards.


1988 California Proposition 90
California Proposition 90 was an amendment of the Constitution of California relating to property tax assessments for older homeowners. It was proposed by the California State Legislature and approved by voters in a referendum held on  November 8, 1988.


1988 California Proposition 90
The amendment allows homeowners over the age of 55 to transfer the assessed value of their present home to a replacement home if the replacement home is located in another county, is of equal or lesser value than the original property, if the county of the replacement dwelling adopts an ordinance participating in the program.


1988 California Proposition 90
The following counties allow for Proposition 90 transfers into the county: Alameda, El Dorado, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Tuolumne, and Ventura. The county of El Dorado will stop taking property tax transfers through Proposition 90 on December 12, 2018.


1988 California Proposition 98
California Proposition 98 requires a minimum percentage of the state budget to be spent on K-12 education. Prop 98 guarantees an annual increase in education in the California budget. Prop 98, also called the "Classroom Instructional Improvement and Accountability Act," amended the California Constitution to mandate a minimum level of education spending based on three tests. Test one, used only for 1988 to 1989, requires spending on education to make up 39% of the state budget.


1988 California Proposition 98
Test 2, used in years of strong economic growth, requires spending on education to equal the previous years spending plus per capita growth and student enrollment adjustment. Test 3, used in years of weak economic growth guarantees prior years spending plus adjustment for enrollment growth, increases for any changes in per capita general fund revenues, and an increase by 0.5 percent in state general funds.


1988 California Proposition 98
This is accomplished by shifting specified amounts of property tax revenues from cities, counties and special districts to "educational revenue augmentation funds" (ERAF) to support schools statewide. Proposition 98 can be suspended only by a two-thirds vote of the California Legislature.


1988 California Proposition 98
The initiative was a result of 1978's Proposition 13, which limited assessed property taxes to one percent of a home's value in California and thus limited the amount of local funds that could be spent on school districts.


1988 California Proposition 98
Proposition 98 has been attacked by some groups because it mandates "auto-pilot spending" and reduces the Legislature's budgetary flexibility.


1988 California Proposition 99
Proposition 99 is an initiative statute which appeared on the November 8th, 1988 California general election ballot, as the Tobacco Tax and Health Protection Act. It was passed by a majority vote of the electorate. Its primary effect is to impose a 25-cent per pack state excise tax on the sale of tobacco cigarettes within California, with approximately equivalent excise taxes similarly imposed on the retail sale of other commercial tobacco products, such as cigars and chewing tobacco. Additional restrictions placed on the sale of tobacco include a ban on cigarette vending machines in public areas accessible by juveniles, and a ban on the individual sale of single cigarettes. Revenue generated by the act was earmarked for various environmental and health care programs, and anti-tobacco advertisements.


1988 California Proposition 99
A detailed history of Proposition 99 and its success in reducing smoking is in the book . In its first 15 years (through 2004), the program reduced heart disease deaths and lung cancer incidence and reduced California health care costs by an estimated $86 billion.


1988 California State Senate election
The 1988 California State Senate elections were held on November 8th in the twenty odd-numbered Senate districts. There was no change to the representation of the Democratic and Republican parties.


1988 Cameroonian general election
General elections were held in Cameroon on 24 April 1988 to elect a President and National Assembly. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement as the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent Paul Biya was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was re-elected unopposed.


1988 Cameroonian general election
For the first time since 1960 voters had a choice of candidates in the National Assembly election, with two or more CPDM candidates contesting each constituency, and a total of 324 candidates running for the 180 seats in the enlarged Assembly. Nevertheless, the CPDM won all 180 seats with a 90.3% turnout.


1988 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby
The 1988 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was the 1988 version of the annual rugby competition held in Argentina in 1988. The winner, for the second consecutive year was Unión de Rugby de Tucumàn, who defeated the Buenos Aires Rugby Union in the final game.


1988 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby
The Campeonato Argentino consisted of 18 teams, divided into two divisions, based on the records of the individual teams. The top eight qualifiers competed in the final tournament for the title ("Campeonato"), while the others vied in the "Torneo de Classificacion" (qualifying tournament). At the end of the season, the bottom two teams from the upper division, were demoted to the lower division, while the champion and runner-up from the Torneao de Classification were promoted to the upper division.


1988 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Campeonato, Pool A
Tucumàn and Cordoba advanced to the semi-finals, while Santa Fè was demoted to the lower division.


1988 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Campeonato, Pool B
Buenos Aires and Cuyo advanced to the semi-finals, while Mar del Plata was demoted to the lower division.


1988 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, "Classificacion" Tournament, Pool C
Promoted: Santiago de l'Estero (defeated Noreste in their head-to-dead match).


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 32nd edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. As the 1987 Copa União organized by the Clube dos 13 proved to be even more disastrously organized than the criticized 1986 edition, organized by the CBF, the 1988 featured the merging of both modules to feature the first ever tournament with real two divisions with promotion and relegation. The 1988 season began on September 2, 1988, and reached its end on February 19, 1989. The competition was won by Esporte Clube Bahia. Internacional's Nílson, with 15 goals, was the competition's top goal scorer.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Overview
It was performed by 24 teams, and Bahia won the championship. The four worst-placed teams, which were Bangu, Santa Cruz, Criciúma, and América-RJ, were relegated to the following year's second level.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Standings, Second phase
*Fluminense defeated Vasco da Gama on Extra Time by 2-0.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Standings, Second phase
*Bahia defeated Sport after two draws for having a superior score point on the first phase. Extra time was 0-0.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Standings, The final
Bahia: Ronaldo; Tarantini, João Marcelo, Claudir and Edinho; Paulo Rodrigues, Zé Carlos and Bobô; Osmar, Charles (Sandro) and Marquinhos. Head coach: Evaristo de Macedo.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Standings, The final
Internacional: Taffarel; Luiz Carlos Winck (Diego Aguirre), Aguirregaray, Nenê and João Luís; Norberto, Luís Carlos Martins and Leomir; Maurício (Hélder), Nílson and Edu. Head coach: Abel Braga.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Standings, The final
Internacional: Taffarel; Luiz Carlos Winck, Aguirregaray, Norton and Casemiro; Norberto, Luis Fernando and Luís Carlos Martins; Maurício (Hélder), Nílson and Edu. Head coach: Abel Braga.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Standings, The final
Bahia: Ronaldo; Tarantini, João Marcelo, Claudir (Newmar) and Paulo Róbson; Paulo Rodrigues, Zé Carlos and Bobô (Osmar); Gil, Charles and Marquinhos. Head coach: Evaristo de Macedo.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The 1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B was the 10th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. The championship was disputed by 24 clubs divided into four groups of six teams. The four top teams in each group would qualify for the second phase, formed by 16 teams divided into four groups. The top two placed teams in each group would qualify, and the same process would repeat in the next phases, also divided into groupus of four.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
as in the first level, wins were worth three points, and any match that ended tied went to penalties, with the winner of the penalty shootout gaining two points and the loser one point. The champion and the runner-up would qualify to the finals and be promoted to the 1989 Série A. Inter de Limeira came in first in the final group, with Ponte Preta coming in second.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
However, since the tiebreaking criteria were unclear, Náutico contested Ponte Preta's promotion, claiming that the first tiebreaking criterion was the number of wins in the whole tournament and not the number of wins in the final phase. CBF decided to award the promotion and spot in the finals to Náutico. Inter de Limeira eventually beat Náutico in the finals.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série C 1988, known as the Divisão de Acesso, was a football series played from 22 October to 18 December 1988. It was the third level of the Brazilian National League. The competition had 43 clubs, and two of them were originally promoted to Série B.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C
In 1989, the Brazilian Football Confederation declared that the 1988 Série C was a deficitary tournament, deciding to extinguish it and allowing 96 teams in the 1989 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B.


1988 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, Final
União São João declared as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C champions after having a better record (bigger number of wins) during the tournament.


1988 Campeonato Carioca
The 1988 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on January 30, 1988 and ended on June 22, 1988. It is the official tournament organized by FFERJ (Federação de Futebol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, or Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation. Only clubs based in the Rio de Janeiro State are allowed to play. Twelve teams contested this edition. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 17th time. Friburguense and Goytacaz were relegated.


1988 Campeonato Gaúcho
The 68th season of the Campeonato Gaúcho kicked off on February 20, 1988 and ended on June 26, 1988. Fourteen teams participated. Holders Grêmio won their 26th title. Brasil de Pelotas and Guarany de Cruz Alta were relegated.


1988 Campeonato Paulista
The 1988 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão de Futebol Profissional was the 87th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Corinthians won the championship by the 20th time. no teams were relegated.


1988 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
The twenty teams of the championship were divided into two groups of ten teams, with each team playing once against the teams of its own group and the other group. The four best teams of each group would qualify to the Second phase, where the eight teams would be divided into two groups of four, with the winner of each group qualifying to the Finals.


1988 Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol
Statistics of Campeonato da 1ª Divisão do Futebol in the 1988 season.


1988 Campeón de Campeones
The 1988 Campeon de Campeones was the 35th edition of this Mexican Super Cup football match played by:


1988 Campeón de Campeones
The first leg was played on 7 July 1988 at Puebla and the second leg was played on 10 July 1988 at Mexico DF.


1988 Campeón de Campeones
In the first game, Puebla dominated over América but in the second game América saved the match with two goals and became winner of the Mexican Super Cup Campeón de Campeones, a competition that had not been played since 1972.


1988 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The 1988 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and took place from 26 September until 2 October 1988. First-seeded Mats Wilander won the singles title.


1988 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, Finals, Doubles
Carlos di Laura /  Marcelo Filippini defeated  Alberto Mancini /  Christian Miniussi 6–3, 7–5


1988 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1988 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 12 June 1988 at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal. It was the fifth race of the 1988 Formula One World Championship. The 69-lap race was won from pole position by Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren-Honda, with French teammate Alain Prost second and Belgian Thierry Boutsen third in a Benetton-Ford.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The Canadian Grand Prix returned to the Formula One calendar after a year's absence. In the meantime, major changes had been made to the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve: the start-finish line, pit lane and facilities had been moved from the top end of the track to the bottom end, necessitating the removal of two turns, while other turns had been re-profiled slightly.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The McLarens once again dominated qualifying, with Ayrton Senna taking his fifth consecutive pole position by just under 0.2 seconds from Alain Prost. The Ferraris of Gerhard Berger and Michele Alboreto filled the second row, while the Benetton of Alessandro Nannini was the fastest of the naturally-aspirated cars in fifth, just under 2.3 seconds behind Senna.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
Nelson Piquet was sixth in his Lotus, followed by Thierry Boutsen in the second Benetton, Eddie Cheever in the Arrows and Nigel Mansell in the Williams, while Philippe Streiff put in a strong performance to take tenth, which would turn out to be the best-ever grid position for the AGS team. Also achieving its best-ever grid placing was EuroBrun, as Stefano Modena took 15th.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The Saturday session saw Derek Warwick suffer a big accident in his Arrows. Turning into the chicane into the new start-finish straight, Warwick slid on dirt kicked up moments before by Streiff's AGS. The Arrows spun onto the inside kerb and became airborne, then bounced several times before hitting what is now known as the "Wall of Champions" at unabated speed. Warwick was briefly knocked unconscious and hurt his back; he received aid from fellow Briton Mansell, who had suffered a similar crash at Suzuka the previous year. However, Warwick was declared fit to race and took up his 16th position on the grid.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
During qualifying, Williams team owner Frank Williams announced that he had concluded a deal with Renault that would see the team have exclusive use of the French company's V10 engines from the 1989 season onwards. Williams said that "for better or worse you need an association with a major manufacturer to be successful in Formula One".


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Race
At the start, Prost led away from Senna, the Ferraris and the Benettons. After ten laps, Berger began having issues with the fuel system of his Ferrari. On lap 19, Senna passed Prost at the L'Epingle hairpin as they came up to traffic, the Brazilian driver thus taking a lead he would not lose. Nannini retired from fourth position on lap 15 with electrical trouble, while Berger retired with similar problems on lap 23. Meanwhile, Mansell passed his old rival Piquet in the Lotus, before his Judd engine failed on lap 29; teammate Riccardo Patrese suffered the same fate four laps later.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Race
On lap 34, Alboreto retired with an engine failure, promoting Boutsen to third. With many of the front runners out, minor teams had a clear chance of scoring points. By the middle of the race Philippe Streiff had brought his AGS up to fifth place, ahead of Andrea de Cesaris' Rial in sixth. However, Streiff retired on lap 41 with a rear suspension failure, while de Cesaris ran out of fuel with three laps to go. This promoted Ivan Capelli in the March to fifth and Jonathan Palmer in the Tyrrell to sixth.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Race
Senna finished just under six seconds ahead of Prost, with Boutsen a further 45 seconds back. Piquet was fourth in the Lotus, albeit a lap down on Senna, with Capelli and Palmer completing the top six. Warwick, despite his injury, finished just outside the points in seventh, having battled with teammate Cheever until the American retired on lap 31 with a broken throttle cable.


1988 Canadian Grand Prix, Report, Race
Senna set the fastest lap of the race on lap 53 with a time of 1:24.973. Boutsen's third place marked the first time since the 1983 Dutch Grand Prix that a naturally-aspirated car had legally finished on a Formula One podium.


1988 Canadian Junior Curling Championships
The 1988 Pepsi Canadian Junior Curling Championships were held at the North Shore Winter Club in North Vancouver, British Columbia.


1988 Canadian Masters
The 1988 BCE Canadian Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament, that was held from 26 October to 5 November 1988 at the Minkler Auditorium, Toronto, Canada. This was the first and only year the event was held as a ranking event. All preliminary rounds were played in the UK and only the last 32 players travelled to Canada.


1988 Canadian Masters
Jimmy White won the tournament by defeating Steve Davis nine frames to four in the final.


1988 Canadian National Challenge Cup
The 1988 Canadian National Challenge Cup was won by the Holy Cross Crusaders from St. John's, Newfoundland. Six members from this team have been elected to the Newfoundland Soccer Hall of Fame.


1988 Canadian Professional Championship
The 1988 BCE Canadian Professional Championship was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament, which took place in September 1988 in Toronto, Canada. This was the last edition of the tournament.


1988 Canadian Professional Championship
Alain Robidoux won the title by beating Jim Wych 8–4 in the final.


1988 Canadian Soccer League season
The 1988 Canadian Soccer League season was the second season of play for the Canadian Soccer League, a Division 1 men's soccer league in the Canadian soccer pyramid.


1988 Canadian Soccer League season, Format and changes from previous season
Montreal Supra joined the league as an expansion franchise, entering the East Division.


1988 Canadian Soccer League season, Format and changes from previous season
The National Capitals Pioneers went bankrupt in their inaugural season, but the club was re-structured and renamed as the Ottawa Intrepid. They also moved their home stadium to Ottawa, after playing the previous year in Aylmer, Quebec


1988 Canadian Soccer League season, Format and changes from previous season
Similar to the previous season, the teams played an unbalanced schedule with two-thirds of a team's matches coming against teams in their own division. Following the season, the top three teams in each division would advance to the playoffs, with the division leaders earning a first round bye, to designate a national champion club.


1988 Canadian Soccer League season, Honours
The following awards and nominations were awarded for the 1988 season.


1988 Canadian federal budget
The Canadian federal budget for fiscal year 1988–1989 was presented to the House of Commons of Canada by finance minister Michael Wilson on 10 February 1988. It was the fourth budget after the 1984 Canadian federal election and would be the last before the 1988 Canadian federal election.


1988 Canadian federal budget, Taxes
Michael Wilson presented an important reform of the tax system in June 1987. As a result, the budget 1988 did not bring forward important changes to the tax system with a few exceptions:


1988 Canadian federal budget, Expenditures
The budget provides for a reduction of $300 million in non-statutory spending for 1989–90 to keep the deficit in line with the projections made in the June 1987 White Paper on tax reform. These reductions do not affect social programs and transfers to provinces and explicitly excludes Official Development Assistance (i.e. international aid) and the Department of National Defence.


1988 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Opposition
Ed Broadbent, leader of the New Democratic Party joked that the budget was a gift for opposition parties. Him and John Turner, leader of the Opposition, strongly criticized the increase in gasoline excise tax and the general fiscal policy of the Mulroney government. The NPD leader decried a policy that only benefits high-earners and raises taxes for the middle class and joked that “the only good thing about this budget is that it's almost certain to be the last Conservative budget.”


1988 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Opposition
Liberal's finance critic and Quebec lieutenant, Raymond Garneau blasted the budget as a “A Canada for the rich, but not a Canada for the average Canadian, not a Canada for the poor” pointing that Mr. Wilson increased taxes by $22 billion since 1984.


1988 Canadian federal budget, Reactions, Provinces
Quebec's finance minister, Gérard D. Levesque declared he was disappointed that the federal government did not reduce its deficit faster and added that deficit reduction should have been the priority of a budget that was more a track record than a budget. Lastly, the minister expressed his disappointment towards the lack of measures to help families or Quebec's economic development whereas Alberta, Northern Ontario and the Atlantic provinces benefited from significant measures.


1988 Canadian federal election
The 1988 Canadian federal election (formally the 34th Canadian general election) was held on November 21, 1988, to elect members to the House of Commons of Canada of the 34th Parliament of Canada. It was an election largely fought on a single issue: the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA).


1988 Canadian federal election
The incumbent Prime Minister, Brian Mulroney, went on to carry his Progressive Conservative Party to a second majority government, becoming the first and only leader in the party's history to do so. The election was the last time until 2011 that a right-of-centre party formed a majority government, as well as the last where a right-of-centre party won the most seats in Quebec. It was also the last election in Canadian history in which only three parties would be elected to Parliament.


1988 Canadian federal election, Issues, Free trade
Support swung back and forth between the Progressive Conservatives and Liberals over free trade. With mid-campaign polls suggesting a Liberal government, this prompted the Conservatives to stop the relatively calm campaign they had been running, and go with Allan Gregg's suggestion of "bombing the bridge" that joined anti-FTA voters and the Liberals: Turner's credibility. The ads focused on Turner's leadership struggles, and combined with over $6 million CAD in pro-FTA ads, managed to stop the Liberals' momentum.


1988 Canadian federal election, Issues, Free trade
The Liberals reaped most of the benefits of opposing the FTA and doubled their representation to 83 seats to emerge as the main opposition; the NDP had also made gains but finished a distant third with 43 seats. Although most Canadians voted for parties opposed to free trade, the Tories were returned with a majority government, and implemented the deal.


1988 Canadian federal election, Campaign
Incumbent Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, leader of the Progressive Conservative Party, had signed the agreement on free trade with the US. The Liberal Party, led by John Turner, was opposed to the agreement, as was the New Democratic Party led by Ed Broadbent.


1988 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservatives
The Progressive Conservatives went into the election suffering from a number of scandals. Despite winning a large majority only four years before, they looked vulnerable at the outset.


1988 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberals
The Liberal Party led by John Turner was preparing to campaign for the second election under his leadership. Turner had a number of challenges in the 1988 campaign to overcome, first his leadership marked the beginning of a decentralization of the liberal party in contrast to his predecessor Pierre Trudeau centralized operation. Turner envisioned regional independence for the provincial wings of the Liberal party, and strongly campaigned on that for party leadership in 1982.


1988 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberals
Following his the Liberal failure in 1984, Turner focused the Liberal machine on bolstering the provincial wings of the party which resulted in gains in anglophone provincial legislatures across the country. Despite the provincial success, the Liberal party was in financial and political disarray; by 1986 the party was heavily in debt and the expenses of the national organization continued to rise. Turner's office experienced significant staff turnover, and leaving members were willing to recount stories of the office's disfunction to the press, resulting in the Turner's leadership being nicknamed a "reign of error".


1988 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberals
The Liberals had some early struggles, notably during one day in Montreal where three different costs were given for the proposed Liberal daycare program. The campaign was also hampered by a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation report that stated there was a movement in the backroom to replace Turner with Jean Chrétien, even though Turner had passed a leadership review in 1986 with 76.3 per cent of delegates rejecting a leadership convention.


1988 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberals
The Progressive Conservatives won a reduced but strong majority government with 169 seats. Despite the Liberals' improved standing, the results were considered a disappointment for Turner, after polls in mid-campaign predicted a Liberal government. In an ironic reversal of most prior federal elections, the Liberals were kept out of power by their inability to make any headway into the overwhelming Tory majority in Quebec. Indeed, the Liberals actually lost five seats in Quebec, many of which they had only retained in 1984 due to vote-splitting between the Tories and the since-defunct Parti nationaliste du Québec. This election loss sealed Turner's fate; he would  eventually resign in 1990, and was succeeded by Jean Chrétien, who proved to be a more effective leader.


1988 Canadian federal election, Election milestones
Until the 2011 federal election, the 1988 election was the most successful in the New Democratic Party's history. The party dominated in British Columbia and Saskatchewan, won significant support in Ontario and elected its first (and, until the 2008 election, only) member from Alberta.


1988 Canadian federal election, Election milestones
This was the second election contested by the Green Party, and it saw a more than 50% increase in its vote, but it remained a minor party.


1988 Canadian federal election, Election milestones
The election was the last for Canada's Social Credit Party. The party won no seats, and had an insignificant portion of the popular vote.


1988 Canadian federal election, Election milestones
This was the first election for the newly founded Reform Party which for this vote only contested seats in Western Canada. The party at this stage was filled to a large extent with former Socreds along with some former PC supporters disaffected at the perceived lack of support from the Mulroney government for western interests. It was led by Preston Manning, who was himself a one time Socred candidate and the son of longtime Alberta Social Credit premier Ernest Manning.


1988 Canadian federal election, Election milestones
Reform won no seats and was not yet considered a major party at the national level. However, Deborah Grey would win the first seat for Reform, Beaver River in Alberta, in a by-election held four months later. Grey, who had finished a distant fourth running in the same riding in the general election, succeeded rookie Progressive Conservative MP John Dahmer. Dahmer was in office for only five days before dying of pancreatic cancer.


1988 Canadian federal election, Election milestones
For the Progressive Conservatives, this was the last federal election they would ever win.