1989 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1989 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bill Mallory, in his sixth year as head coach of the Hoosiers.


1989 Indiana Hoosiers football team
In the battle for the Old Oaken Bucket, Purdue beat Indiana.


1989 Indianapolis 500
The 73rd Indianapolis 500 was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Sunday, May 28, 1989. Two-time World Drivers' Champion Emerson Fittipaldi of Brazil became the first foreign-born winner of the race since 1969, and first non-American winner since 1966. Though Fittipaldi started on the front row and dominated much of the race, he found himself running second in the waning laps. Michael Andretti passed Fittipaldi for the lead on lap 154, then led until his engine blew. Al Unser Jr. moved up to second, but trailed Fittipaldi by a big margin. Gambling on fuel mileage, Unser Jr. caught up to Fittipaldi after a fortuitous caution period on lap 181, and subsequently took the lead on lap 196.


1989 Indianapolis 500
On the 199th lap, Al Unser Jr. was leading Emerson Fittipaldi, at which time the two leaders encountered slower traffic. Down the backstretch, Unser and Fittipaldi weaved through the slower cars, then Fittipaldi dove underneath going into turn three. The two cars touched wheels, and Unser spun out, crashing into the outside retaining wall. Fittipaldi completed the final lap under caution behind the pace car to score his first of two Indy 500 victories. Unser was uninjured, and despite the crash, was still credited with second place.


1989 Indianapolis 500
Race winner Emerson Fittipaldi set a new record and reached a significant milestone, becoming the first Indy 500 winner to earn a one million dollar single-race prize money purse. His prize money officially totaled $1,001,600.


1989 Indianapolis 500
After dominating the 1988 month of May, all three cars of the Penske Team failed to finish the race in 1989. Danny Sullivan suffered a broken arm in a practice crash, and mechanical failures sidelined all three cars on race day. It was the only year in the decade of the 1980s, and the first time since 1976, that the Penske team failed to score a top five finish. Ironically, race winner Emerson Fittipaldi (driving for rival Patrick Racing) was fielding a Penske PC-18 chassis, acquired from Penske in a special arrangement between the two teams.


1989 Indianapolis 500
The race was sanctioned by USAC, and was included as part of the 1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series. By season's end, Fittipaldi became the fourth driver since 1979 to win the Indy 500 and CART championship in the same season. The win was also Patrick Racing's third and final Indy victory. Former driver Chip Ganassi, who had become a co-owner at Patrick Racing in 1989, enjoyed his first of five Indy wins (as of 2021) as a car owner/co-owner.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Track improvements
Speedway management resurfaced the entire track with asphalt in the summer of 1988, which would result in higher overall speeds for 1989. The last time the track had been paved was in 1976. The apron at the bottom of the track, which was previously known to be bumpy, relatively flat, and usually avoided by drivers, was also repaved. The smooth and re-profiled apron was now tempting drivers to dip below the white line in practice and during the race. Drivers were starting to treat the apron as an extension of the track width. USAC announced penalties would be assessed for driving with four wheels below the white line excessively, other than to make routine passes in heavy traffic.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Track improvements
The rough and bumpy concrete pit lane was also paved over in asphalt and a guardrail was installed to protect the crew members in the sign board area. The newly paved pit area made egress and ingress to the pits smoother and safer, but also sharply increased entrance and exit speeds, potentially putting crew members at risk. Within a few years, after a series of incidents on the Indy car circuit, as well as in NASCAR, pit road speed limits would be implemented to curtail speeding through the pit lane.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Track improvements
In addition the pneumatic jacks on the cars were embedding themselves into the soft asphalt of the pit lane. This necessitated crews to affix steel plates on the pit lane to accommodate the jacks (a practice that was also later deemed unsafe). In 1994, this would be finally be solved when the individual pit boxes were resurfaced in concrete.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Rule changes
Goodyear arrived at the track providing both a hard and soft compound tire. The exclusive tire provider spent the off-season developing new tires that were better-suited to the newly repaved track. Teams were permitted to run either compound at any time, however, they were required to start the race on the same tires that they used during time trials. All teams qualified on the soft compounds, thus all were required to start the race on soft compounds. Teams electing to switch to hard compound tires for the race could do so on their first pit stop.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Team and driver changes
Team and driver changes were highlighted by Bobby Rahal's departure from Truesports. For 1989, Rahal switched to the Maurice Kranes Kraco Racing Team (A year later, the team would merge with Galles). Rahal, along with Arie Luyendyk at Dick Simon Racing, fielded the new updated Cosworth DFS "short stroke" version of the mainstay DFV. However Bobby Rahal blew up his Cosworth DFS during Carb Day and for race day he was forced to change to a previous generation DFX (source: interview during the radio broadcast).


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Team and driver changes
Rookie Scott Pruett moved to the Indy car ranks, and took over the vacated seat at Truesports. The team would continue to field the Judd powerplant. After a noteworthy performance in the 1988 race, Jim Crawford was back at King Racing.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Team and driver changes
Patrick Racing was once again a one-car effort for 1989, after periodically running two cars in previous seasons. Pat Patrick had announced that he was planning to retire after the 1989 season, and Chip Ganassi joined the team as co-owner. After the season, Ganassi would take over the team and it would become Chip Ganassi Racing. As part of the arrangement, the Marlboro-sponsored Patrick Racing would run Penske chassis (PC-18), while Penske Racing would receive sponsorship money from Marlboro to run a third car for Al Unser Sr.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Team and driver changes
Newman Haas Racing also made headlines, expanding to a two-car team for 1989. Mario Andretti was joined by his son Michael to form a two-car Andretti effort. It was also Michael's first opportunity to field the Chevrolet engine. Michael had previously driven for the Kraco team.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Team and driver changes
Alfa Romeo joined the CART series in 1989, however, they were not yet ready to compete at Indianapolis. Their debut would actually come a couple weeks later at Detroit. As a result, Roberto Guerrero, driving for the Alex Morales Alfa Romeo team, would miss the Indy 500 for the first time since he arrived as a rookie in 1984.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Background and offseason, Team and driver changes
Absent from the race as a driver was Dick Simon, who retired at the end of the 1988 season. Simon had been a participant at Indy since 1970, but was still entered as owner of Dick Simon Racing.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 1, Saturday May 6
Opening day was Saturday May 6. Only eleven cars took to the track on a cold 45 °F day, which saw snow flurries in the morning and the afternoon. Arie Luyendyk (213.657 mph) led the speed chart for the day.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 1, Sunday May 7
Practice picked up on Sunday May 7, with 44 cars taking to the track. Emerson Fittipaldi (221.347 mph) set the fastest lap of practice thus far. Michael Andretti was also over 220 mph.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 1, Monday May 8
Rick Mears set an-time unofficial track record at 225.733 mph, the first ever practice lap over 225 mph at the Speedway. His teammate Al Unser, Sr. was close behind at 224.831 mph.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 1, Wednesday May 10
Rookie Steve Butler crashed in turn 4, suffering a broken collarbone, sidelining him for the month. The speeds were slightly down from Monday, with Al Unser, Sr. topping the chart at 223.380 mph.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 1, Thursday May 11
At 4:11 p.m. on Thursday May 11, Danny Sullivan's car lost the engine cover, causing him to break into a 180° spin in turn three. The car hit the wall hard with the right side. Sullivan suffered a mild concussion and a fractured right arm. Sullivan would be forced to sit out the first weekend of time trials. High winds kept the speeds down, with Jim Crawford in a Buick V-6 (221.021 mph) the best lap of the day.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 1, Friday May 12
Rick Mears blistered the track on the final day of practice before time trials. His lap of 226.231 mph was the fastest practice lap ever run at the Speedway. Jim Crawford and Al Unser, Sr. also topped 225 mph. Mears finished the week as the favorite for the pole position.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – first weekend, Saturday May 13
Pole day was scheduled for Saturday May 13. Rain, however, washed out the entire day. All time trial activities were postponed until Sunday.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – first weekend, Sunday May 14 – Pole day
On Sunday May 14, pole day time trials were held. Per USAC rules at the time, the cars would be allowed one trip through the qualifying draw order, and the pole round would be concluded. Al Unser Sr. drew first in line, and was the first driver to make an attempt. Unser set a track record on all four laps, and put himself on the provisional pole position with a track record run of 223.471 mph.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – first weekend, Sunday May 14 – Pole day
A busy hour of qualifying saw several cars complete runs. Scott Brayton, Scott Pruett, Bernard Jourdain, Teo Fabi, and Michael Andretti were among those who completed runs. Bobby Rahal and A. J. Foyt followed, and the field was already filled to eleven cars by 1:30 p.m.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – first weekend, Sunday May 14 – Pole day
At 2 p.m., Mario Andretti (220.486 mph) tentatively put himself third. The next car out, however, was pole favorite Rick Mears. Mears set a one-lap track record of 224.254 mph, and a four-lap record of 223.885 mph to secure the pole position. Minutes later, it was announced that Michael Andretti's car failed post-qualifying inspection. His run was disallowed as the car found to be 4.5 pounds underweight.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – first weekend, Sunday May 14 – Pole day
With Mears and Unser Sr. firmly holding the top two spots, the rest of the session focused on which driver would round out the front row in third starting position. Jim Crawford, in the Buick V-6, set a stock block track record of 221.450 mph to sit in third at 2:40 p.m. Twenty minutes later, though, Emerson Fittipaldi took to the track, the final car eligible for the pole round. His run of 222.329 mph put him on the outside of the front row, and bumped Crawford back to the inside of row two.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – first weekend, Sunday May 14 – Pole day
After the pole position round was settled, the "Second Day" of time trials commenced at 3:15 p.m. Second day qualifiers would line up behind the first day qualifiers. Michael Andretti re-qualified at 218.774 mph (the 8th fastest car in the field), but was forced to start 22nd as a second-day qualifier. Andretti complained he could not get to the proper level of turbocharger boost due a possibly malfunctioning pop-off valve, but USAC took no action. Tom Sneva had an impressive first lap of 223.176 mph, but blew his engine before the run was completed. At the end of the day, the field was filled to 26 cars.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2
Practice during the second week was light, with many qualified drivers practicing in back-up cars. Most of the focus was on the non-qualified drivers, and the recovery status of Danny Sullivan. The Penske Team started preparing a back-up machine for Sullivan, with Geoff Brabham selected to shake the car down.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2
Danny Sullivan returned to the cockpit on Thursday May 18. He completed about 10-12 hot laps, with a top speed of 213.118 mph. Jim Crawford crashed his already-qualified car in turn 3. A suspension piece broke as he entered the turn, and the car spun into the outside wall. The team would repair the machine.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Practice – week 2
Rain washed out practice on "Fast" Friday May 19, the third day overall lost during the month.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – second weekend, Third Day time trials – Saturday May 20
On the third day of time trials, Danny Sullivan qualified comfortably at 216.027 mph. Sullivan was the fastest car of the day, followed by Kevin Cogan and Rocky Moran. Two crashes occurred during the day, involving Buddy Lazier and Steve Saleen. Neither would manage to qualify. At the end of the third day, the field was filled to 31 cars.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – second weekend, Bump Day time trials – Sunday May 21
On Bump Day, much of the attention was focused on three-time Indy winner Johnny Rutherford, the biggest name who had not yet qualified. As the day opened, Billy Vukovich III (216.698 mph) put his car in the field with an impressive run, ranked 16th-fastest overall. The second car to qualify was Johnny Rutherford, who completed his run at 213.097 mph. The field was now filled to 33 cars. Davy Jones (211.475 mph) was the slowest car in the field, and now on the bubble.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – second weekend, Bump Day time trials – Sunday May 21
John Paul, Jr. bumped Davy Jones out of the field at 12:45 p.m. Paul was attempting to make a return to Indy after a four-year absence. His career was interrupted in 1986 when he was sentenced to five years in prison for his involvement in a drug trafficking ring with his father (John Paul Sr.) and subsequently refused to testify against him. He served a total of thirty months, being released in October 1988. Though tentatively in the field, Paul himself was now sitting on the bubble in 33rd at 211.969 mph.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – second weekend, Bump Day time trials – Sunday May 21
The track activity went quiet during the heat of the afternoon. At 3 p.m., Davy Jones returned to the track and bumped his way back into the field with a run at 214.279 mph. That move put Phil Krueger (212.458 mph) on the bubble. At 4:45 p.m., Pancho Carter bumped out Krueger. At that point, Johnny Rutherford (213.097 mph) had now slipped down to the bubble spot.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – second weekend, Bump Day time trials – Sunday May 21
Rutherford survived three attempts, and clung to the bubble spot nervously over the next hour. During that time, he put together a last-minute deal to step into a Foyt back-up car if necessary. He shook down the car with some practice laps, and appeared to be finding some speed. It was the second time in recent years that Rutherford was teaming up with Foyt on Bump Day. In 1984 Rutherford successfully bumped his way into the field with a Foyt backup car in the last ten minutes of time trials.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Time trials – second weekend, Bump Day time trials – Sunday May 21
With fifteen minutes left in the day, Rich Vogler (213.239 mph) bumped Johnny Rutherford from the field. Rutherford scrambled to get in line, and made it to the front with less than two minutes to spare. With the crowd cheering him on, at 5:58 p.m., Rutherford pulled out onto the track for one final attempt. He had a great warm-up lap of over 217 mph, but just after he took the green flag, his engine blew in turn one. Seconds later, the 6 o'clock gun went off. Rutherford failed to make the field for only the second time in his career. Rookie Bernard Jourdain held on to the final bubble spot, and the field was set.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Starting grid
R  = Indianapolis 500 rookie,  W  = Former Indianapolis 500 winner


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Start
During one of the parade laps, veteran Gary Bettenhausen suffered a broken valve, and coasted to a stop on the mainstretch. He would be wheeled to the garage area without completing a single lap, and finished 33rd.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Start
At the start, Emerson Fittipaldi jumped to the lead from the outside of the front row. He pulled out to a sizable lead over the first few laps. On the third lap, Kevin Cogan had a spectacular crash at the pit-entrance section of the front straightaway. His car made slight contact with the outside wall as he exited turn four, spun to the inside and made heavy contact with the inside pit wall.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Start
The car rebounded into the attenuating barrier at the pit entrance (also breaking the ABC Sports robo camera at the pit road entry), broke in two pieces, and slid on its side through the pits. The engine completely separated from the remains of the car and came to a stop in the pit area. Amazingly, Cogan climbed out unhurt.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Mid race
The race was dominated by Emerson Fittipaldi for the first 400 miles. During that stretch, several contenders retired due to mechanical failures, including all three Penske machines. Top-five contenders Bobby Rahal, Jim Crawford, and Arie Luyendyk also dropped out of the race. Mario Andretti experienced electrical problems, which caused him to lose significant ground to the leader. Michael Andretti, who had started in the seventh row, had been chasing Fittipaldi the entire race and by the 150-lap mark, he was within sights of the leader.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Mid race
Meanwhile, Al Unser Jr. remained on the lead lap in third place, despite being lapped earlier in the race. By this point, the three leaders had significant distance on the fourth place car of Raul Boesel. With less than 100 miles to go, Michael Andretti passed Fittipaldi for the lead, but his engine expired a few laps later. Fittipaldi regained the lead, with Al Unser Jr. second. The remainder of the field ran at least six laps behind.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Mid race
A caution came out on lap 181 when Tero Palmroth lost a wheel in turn four. Leader Fittipaldi pitted for much-needed fuel, but he nearly stalled his engine as he pulled away. He lost several seconds on the stop, and was also blocked momentarily by a safety truck as he exited the pit area. Al Unser Jr. was running a distant second place, but the caution came to his advantage. The team decided to gamble on track position, so Unser stayed out and did not to pit for fuel. Unser emerged just one car behind Fittipaldi.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Mid race
Team owner Rick Galles made the call not to pit – their fuel calculations were close, they thought they might be able to make it to the finish. Their reasoning was that if Unser ran out of fuel on the final lap, they would still finish no worse than second since third place Raul Boesel was six laps behind.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
When the race restarted on lap 186, Fittipaldi quickly built a 3-second lead while Unser struggled to get around the lapped car of Raul Boesel (3rd place). Boesel's car was spewing fluid, and appeared ready to blow. After clearing Boesel, Unser began closing dramatically. By lap 193 he was directly behind Fittipaldi, and a lap later he nearly touched wheels with him as the two drivers worked around the lapped cars of Derek Daly and Mario Andretti and battled for the lead. On lap 196, Unser passed Fittipaldi for the lead in turn three and began to pull away. Unser was much faster on the straights, with the light fuel load. But there was still considerable fear he might run out of fuel short of the finish line.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
With two laps to go, Unser approached a line of slower cars consisting of Rocky Moran, Ludwig Heimrath Jr., Bernard Jourdain and John Jones. The two leaders were able to get around Moran easily in turn one, but Unser was held up behind Heimrath through turn two, allowing Fittipaldi to close in rapidly. On the backstretch, Fittipaldi pulled inside Unser, who then cut to the inside to pass Heimrath.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Both cars ran side-by-side down the backstretch, going 3-wide to pass Jourdain on the inside as they entered turn 3. Unser remained on the racing line, with Fittipaldi down low on the warm-up apron. Near the apex of the corner, Fittipaldi's car oversteered and drifted slightly up the track, and the two cars touched wheels. Unser spun and crashed hard into the turn three wall, while Fittipaldi recovered from the drift and continued on. The yellow flag came out for the last lap with Fittpaldi leading, cruising around on his way to certain victory.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Unser emerged from his crashed car unhurt and stepped to the edge of the track to gesture at Fittipaldi as he drove by. According to Unser, at the last second he reconsidered and gave Fittipaldi a sporting thumbs-up instead, but some viewers interpreted his gesture as a mocking one. The pace car escorted the field around the final corner, and for the second year in a row, the race finished under caution. Emerson Fittipaldi took the checkered flag, his first of two Indy 500 victories. Despite the crash Unser was still credited with second place, having completed four more laps than Boesel in third. Boesel managed to nurse his failing motor to the checkered flag. The third place was his best Indy finish, and best finish to-date for Shierson Racing.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Quotes
"They're side-by-side, Emmo on the inside, Al covered traffic goes high, they touched wheels, Al Jr. hit into the wall hard, Emerson Fittipaldi keeps on going, they touched wheels, Al Jr. into the wall and Emerson Fittipaldi will lead them back to the yellow flag." – Larry Henry described the crash involving Al Unser Jr. and Emerson Fittipaldi on Lap 198 for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Quotes
"Fittipaldi comes inside Little Al! A drag race on the back side again. … Slower traffic moves to the right. … Can Fittipaldi get past? Little Al brings it down low. … They touch! Little Al into the wall, Fittipaldi continues on! Little Al slams the wall, as Emerson Fittipaldi screams toward the white flag!" – Paul Page on ABC television.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Lou Palmer served as the chief announcer for the second and final time. It would be Palmer's 32nd and final 500 as part of the radio crew. Bob Forbes reported from victory lane.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
One of the more significant changes involved Howdy Bell, now becoming the "elder statesman" of the crew. After many years in turn two, then one year as a pit reporter, Bell revived the backstretch reporting location. Bell was utilized sparingly, mostly for observations and brief commentary. The on-air "Statistician" duty was eliminated for 1989. This would be Bob Lamey's last year in turn two, and Bob Jenkins' final year as the radio reporter in turn four.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The biggest departure for 1989 was that of pit reporter Luke Walton, who had joined the crew in the mid-1950s. From 1983 to 1988, Walton reprised his traditional role of introducing the starting command during the pre-race ceremonies, but did not have an active role during the race itself. Pit reporter Gary Gerould took over the duty of introducing the starting command, but it would be the final time that was done on the radio broadcast. Starting in 1990, the radio would instead simulcast the public address system during the pre-race ceremonies. This was Gerould's last year on the radio broadcast. He would work the TV broadcast starting in 1990. In addition, Chuck Marlowe switched from pit reporter to the garage area duties.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Three-time Indy winner Johnny Rutherford failed to qualify for the race, and joined the crew as "driver expert." Since Rutherford never again qualified for the race (and subsequently retired in 1994), he went on to become a long-time fixture on the broadcast. The 1989 race began what would be a 14-year run for Rutherford as the resident "driver expert."


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
After the race, during the off-season, the Speedway and Lou Palmer parted ways. A new Voice of the 500 would debut in 1990, along with many other changes.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Jerry BakerTurn 2: Bob LameyBackstretch: Howdy BellTurn 3: Larry HenryTurn 4: Bob Jenkins


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried live flag-to-flag coverage in the United States on ABC Sports. The 1989 race celebrated the 25th year of the Indy 500 on ABC. Paul Page served as host and play-by-play announcer, accompanied by Bobby Unser and Sam Posey. At the start of the race, Unser drove the pace car, and reported live from the car during the pace laps.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
Pit reporters Jack Arute and Brian Hammons were joined by Dr. Jerry Punch, who appeared at Indy for the first time.


1989 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The telecast would go on to win the Sports Emmy award for "Outstanding Live Sports Special."


1989 Indianapolis Colts season
The 1989 Indianapolis Colts season was the 37th season for the team in the National Football League and sixth in Indianapolis. The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League's 1989 season with a record of 8 wins and 8 losses, and finished tied for second in the AFC East division with the Miami Dolphins. However, the Colts finished ahead of Miami based on better conference record (7–5 vs. Dolphins' 6–8).


1989 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1989 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 24th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held on the first weekend in March, 1989 in the Medeu stadium in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan in the Soviet Union.


1989 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1989 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 19th edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 20 August 1989 at Mariánské Lázně in the Czech Republic which was Czechoslovakia at the time.


1989 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Simon Wigg of England for the second time.


1989 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship
The 1989 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 13th edition of the World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships. The event was won by Gert Handberg of Denmark.


1989 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship, World final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1989 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 44th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider. It was the second time the championship was held in West Germany after previously being held in Norden in 1983.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship
The World Final was held at the Olympic Stadium in Munich. Hans Nielsen made up for his 1988 run-off defeat to fellow Dane Erik Gundersen by scoring a 15-point maximum to take his third World Championship. Nielsen joined fellow Danes Ole Olsen and Erik Gundersen as a three time Speedway World Champion.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship
Simon Wigg from England finished second with the slick, 400 metres (440 yards) track suiting his long track style. Wigg defeated fellow Englishman Jeremy Doncaster in a run-off for second and third places. In what would prove to be his last World Final before his career ending crash in the World Team Cup Final at the Odsal Stadium in England just two weeks later, Erik Gundersen finished in fourth place.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship
His chances of an outright second-place finish (after having finished second behind Nielsen in Heat 4) ended when his bike's engine seized while leading heat 9 causing him to not finish the race. In a sad twist, it was also seized engine in Heat 1 of the World Team Cup Final that would cause Gundersen's career ending crash.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship
Australian rider Troy Butler had a lucky passage to the World Final. After finishing fourth in the Australian Championship, he replaced countryman Jamie Fagg in the Commonwealth Final, finishing eighth to qualify for the Overseas Final. He then finished tenth in the Overseas Final to be the first reserve for the Intercontinental Final. He then got a start in the Intercontinental Final at Bradford when Overseas champion Sam Ermolenko injured his back in a horrific Long track motorcycle racing crash and was forced to withdraw (the American would be out for over 6 months).


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship
Butler would finish twelfth in the IC Final to become a reserve for the World Final where he once again came in as an injury replacement when Dane Jan O. Pedersen was forced to pull out. The 1986 Australian Champion ultimately finished twelfth in Munich, finishing with 4 points (two second places) from his 5 rides.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship, Overseas Series, Commonwealth Final
*Mitch Shirra and Darren Wilson replaced Larry Ross and Mark Thorpe. Troy Butler replaced Jamie Fagg.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship, Overseas Series, Overseas Final
* Rick Miller replaced Shawn Moran. Bobby Schwartz came in as the reserve rider


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship, Overseas Series, Intercontinental Final
*Troy Butler replaced the injured Sam Ermolenko. Martin Dugard came in as the reserve rider.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final
* Troy Butler replaced the injured Jan O. Pedersen. Andy Grahame came in as the reserve rider.


1989 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1989 Intercontinental Cup
The 1989 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 17 December 1989 between Milan of Italy, winners of the 1988–89 European Cup, and Atlético Nacional of Colombia, winners of the 1989 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the neutral venue of the National Stadium in Tokyo in front of 60,228 fans. Alberigo Evani was named as man of the match.


1989 Intercontinental Final
The 1989 Intercontinental Final was the fifteenth running of the Intercontinental Final as part of the qualification for the 1989 Speedway World Championship. The 1989 Final was run on 13 August at the Odsal Stadium in Bradford, England, and was the last qualifying stage for riders from Scandinavia, the USA and from the Commonwealth nations for the World Final to be held at the Olympic Stadium in Munich, West Germany.


1989 Intercontinental Final, Intercontinental Final
*Troy Butler replaced the injured Sam Ermolenko. Martin Dugard came in as the reserve rider.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship
The 1989 International Formula 3000 Championship was contested over 10 rounds. Jean Alesi won the title, while also competing in the last half of the Formula One season for Tyrrell.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
The season began with Thomas Danielsson winning at Silverstone, after returning from the eye problems that had caused him to miss most of the previous year.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
Martin Donnelly then won on the road at Vallelunga, but was disqualified. His Eddie Jordan Racing team had modified the Reynard's nosecone, but it had not been subjected to the mandatory crash test.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
At the Pau Grand Prix, Éric Bernard led the two EJR cars of Jean Alesi and Donnelly after an aborted first start. However, Bernard was caught behind an accident involving Paul Belmondo and stalled his car, allowing Alesi to go through and take the victory. Bernard stormed back through the field, but collided with Mark Blundell while battling for second place. Bernard would win the next race at Jerez. Andrea Chiesa then won a close race on the dusty Enna circuit.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
Meanwhile, three F3000 regulars—Alesi, Bernard and Donnelly—all made their Formula One debuts at the French Grand Prix in July. Alesi was particularly impressive for Tyrrell, finishing fourth, and he would continue to drive for them when the F3000 schedule allowed.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Season summary
The EJR team won the next three races, allowing Alesi to take a commanding lead in the championship. His closest rival Érik Comas won at Le Mans but Alesi's single point, along with the tiebreaker of most wins, meant that he clinched the title. Alesi then skipped the last round in at Dijon-Prenois to race in the Japanese Grand Prix, allowing Comas to tie his point total with the win.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Calendar
1 JJ Lehto set the fastest race lap, but was disqualified after the race for having an illegal rev-limiter. 2 Martin Donnelly won on the road, but was disqualified for using a nosecone that had not been subjected to the mandatory crash test.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Final points standings, Driver
For every race points were awarded: 9 points to the winner, 6 for runner-up, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Final points standings, Driver
Jean Alesi won the championship by virtue of having three wins to Érik Comas' two. He skipped the last race of the season with the championship already won.


1989 International Formula 3000 Championship, Complete overview
R = retired, NS = did not start, NQ = did not qualify, DIS = disqualified (placing before disqualification displayed alongside in parentheses)


1989 International Open
The 1989 BCE International Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place in September 1989 at Trentham Gardens in Stoke-on-Trent, England.


1989 International Open
Steve Davis retained the title by defeating Stephen Hendry 9–4 in the final.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg
The 1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Strasbourg, France that was part of the Category 2 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 22 May until 28 May 1989. Second-seeded Jana Novotná won the singles title.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg, Finals, Doubles
Mercedes Paz /  Judith Wiesner defeated  Lise Gregory /  Gretchen Magers 6–3, 6–3


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
Manon Bollegraf and Nicole Provis were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Bollegraf with Eva Pfaff and Provis with Elna Reinach.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
Bollegraf and Pfaff lost in the first round to Jo-Anne Faull and Rachel McQuillan.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
Provis and Reinach lost in the quarterfinals to Neige Dias and Adriana Villagrán.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles
Mercedes Paz and Judith Wiesner won in the final 6–3, 6–3 against Lise Gregory and Gretchen Magers.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles
Sandra Cecchini was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles
Second-seeded Jana Novotná won in the final 6–1, 6–2 against Patricia Tarabini.


1989 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 Intertoto Cup
In the 1989 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1989 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into eleven groups of four teams each.


1989 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1989 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 14 October 1989 as part of the 1989 New Zealand local elections, and was conducted under the First Past the Post system. It was the first election in Invercargill to include postal voting.


1989 Invercargill mayoral election
Incumbent mayor Eve Poole was re-elected with a reduced majority.


1989 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1989 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium and were led by head coach Hayden Fry. Iowa finished with a 5–6 record (3–5 Big Ten) and failed to make a bowl for the first time since the 1980 season.


1989 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Iowa State
The Hawkeyes defeated the Cyclones for the seventh consecutive time.


1989 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Wisconsin
Nick Bell ran for a career high 217 yards and scored 3 touchdowns (2 rushing, 1 receiving) in the Hawkeyes' win over Wisconsin.


1989 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1989 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big Eight Conference. The team was coached by head coach Jim Walden. This was also the first time Iowa State played against Minnesota in 65 years. On October 6, 1923, Jack Trice, an Iowa State athlete and one of the first college football players to be African-American, died after suffering injuries in a Minnesota game. There was speculation that the injuries caused by the Minnesota players were intentional. Because of this, Iowa State did not renew their contract to play with Minnesota until the 1989 season.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election
In the 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Constitutional Changes Leading up to the Election
Because of a conflict of ideology between Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a "source of imitation" or having held the title of Marja'. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Constitutional Changes Leading up to the Election
The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marjaʿiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Khomeini's leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process
The decision to hold the session was made on 3 June 1989, when Ahmad Khomeini phoned Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani at 3:00 pm to inform him that his father was in critical condition. When it became evident that choosing a successor would be necessary, Rafsanjani and Mohsen Rezaei called assembly members in the provinces to Tehran for an emergency meeting. The announcement of death was postponed until after the meeting.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process
Rafsanjani led the meeting in the next morning, and brought the sealed testament that was held in a safe. President Ali Khamenei read the will, after Ahmad Khomeini refused to do so because of grief. Reading the 35 pages of the will took about 2.5 hours.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Supreme Leader versus Leadership Council
The first matter brought up for discussion was whether the assembly should mandate a 'Leadership Council' or a single person. Several names were proposed as members of the council by proponents of a leadership council, including:


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Supreme Leader versus Leadership Council
45 members voted in favor of a single person, and 23 against, who voted for a council leadership. Ali Khamenei and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani were both among advocates of a council.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani
After a single officeholder was voted over a council, Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani was proposed as the successor. He was considered a distinguished Marja', and after Hussein-Ali Montazeri was dismissed as the heir, he quickly emerged as the "leading candidate" in public discussions. However, Golpaygani was "utterly unknown to the general public" and lacked political experience. He finally received only 14 votes.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Ali Khamenei
After Golpaygani's vote did not meet the threshold, for the second attempt Ali Khamenei was considered and was chosen as the Supreme Leader. The national press wrote that he was chosen with 60 votes in favor, and 14 votes against. Ali Meshkini declared that he was chosen because of his close relations with Khomeini, and having played important roles both during the revolution and war, and due to his familiarity with social, economical and political issues; while Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani claimed that Khomeini had wished on his deathbed that Khamenei succeed him.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Ali Khamenei
Imam said: Why [do you think] we don't have [anyone suitable]? Mr. Khamenei [is suitable].


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Ali Khamenei
The details of the discussions regarding his nomination was kept a secret for decades. In 2008, excerpts of never-before-seen footage of the session was aired by the state-run Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, showing that Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani played a key role in persuading the assembly members to vote for Khamenei.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Ali Khamenei
Regardless of the fact that I do not truly deserve to occupy such a position, installing me as the caretaker has technical problems. [ My] leadership would be formal [only on paper], not a real one. Well, based on the Constitution, I am not qualified for the job and, from a religious point of view, many of you [all clergy members of the Assembly of Experts] will not accept my words as those of a leader. What sort of leadership will this be?


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Ali Khamenei
Khamenei himself opposed the motion, stating "I support shuray-e rahbari [=leadership council], according to the Constitution, and am opposed to rahbari-ye fardi [=individual leadership]. How can I be a candidate?". He was responded to by Rafsanjani, "rahbari-ye fardi has become the law (qanun shode). There is no alternative." The video shows Khamenei leaving the podium, after saying "on this issue... well, I am against it anyway", then Rafsanjani announces "Those in favor, stand up!" and an overwhelming majority stand while shouting 'God is great'.


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Ali Khamenei
According to the testimony of Rafsanjani in the session, Ayatollah Khomeini had in a meeting in March 1989 pointed that Khamenei would be a suitable successor for him, responding to remarks that no other candidate exists for succession after dismissal of Montazeri. As a result, Rafsanjani was widely credited as a "kingmaker".


1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Election process, Nomination of Ali Khamenei
A new video leaked in 2018 revealed that Khamenei had been temporarily elected to act as the Supreme Leader, until constitutional amendments were approved by the constitutional referendum. The assembly later reconfirmed its decision in July 1989, appointing him as the Supreme Leader.


1989 Iranian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Iran on 28 July 1989, alongside presidential elections. Approved by 97.6% of voters, it was the first and so far only time the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been amended. It made several changes to articles 5, 107, 109, 111, and added article 176. It eliminated the need for the Supreme Leader (rahbar) of the country to be a marja or chosen by popular acclaim, it eliminated the post of prime minister, and it created a Supreme National Security Council.


1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, Background
On 24 April 1989 while on his deathbed, Ayatollah Khomeini appointed a 25-man "Council for the Revision of the Constitution" (Persian: شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی, romanized: Šurā-ye bāznegari-e qānun-e asāsi). The council named Ali Khamenei as Khomeini's successor as Supreme Leader of Iran and drew up several amendments to the original constitution. Since the senior mujtahid or Marja of Iran had given only lukewarm support to Khomeini's principle of rule by Islamic jurist, and Khamenei was not a marja, the original prerequisite that the rahbar (leader) be "a paramount faqih" (i.e. one of these marja) was dropped from the constitution.


1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, Background
Some changes to the constitution introduced by the Reform Council include:


1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, Background
The amendments were approved by Iranian voters and became law on 28 July 1989.


1989 Iranian constitutional referendum, Members of the council
This is a list of members of Constitutional Amendment Council of Iran, appointed by Ayatollah Khomeini, who reviewed and amended the Constitution of Iran in 1989:


1989 Iranian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Iran on 28 July 1989, after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the selection of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the previous President of Iran, as the new Supreme Leader of Iran. Out of the seventy-nine candidates registered to run, only two were approved by the Council of Guardians, which resulted in a very predictable win by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the previous Speaker of Majlis.


1989 Iranian presidential election
The Iranian constitution was amended by referendum on the same day.


1989 Iranian presidential election, Candidates, Disqualified candidates
The Guardian Council disqualified some candidates who enrolled to run for president, including:


1989 Iraqi parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 1 April 1989, having originally been scheduled for 31 August 1988, but postponed due to the Iran–Iraq War. The elections were contested by 921 candidates, and saw the Ba'ath Party win 207 of the 250 seats.


1989 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1989 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 16 September 1989.


1989 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Manorville Magic won £30,000 and was trained by Paddy Doran, owned and bred by Catherine 'Kay' Doran. The race was sponsored by the Kerry Group's dog food product 'Respond'.


1989 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The event was to feature a bizarre points system qualification, similar to the way the United States racing was held. It did not go down well with the racing public leaving punters bemused by the idea that greyhounds would qualify for the final on points. The points system lacked clarity with 15 points going down to one point being awarded to the finishing order in round one. All of the greyhounds then lined up in round two with the points system repeated. After round two the best 18 would contest the semi-finals which would be run over two rounds and then the top six would make the final.


1989 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The 1989 English Greyhound Derby champion Lartigue Note was the ante-post favourite but would face stiff opposition from 1988 Irish Greyhound Derby finalist Manorville Magic and Scottish Greyhound Derby champion Airmount Grand. The competition received a blow before it had even started when Lartigue Note who was trialing in preparation for the first round broke a hock and had to be retired.


1989 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Runs to note in the early rounds were Graciously's 30.09, just three spots off the track record but he did not accrue enough points to make the semi-finals. Manorville Magic and Airmount Grand both won twice before the semi-finals but the latter failed to gain enough points for a final place. In the two semi-finals Manorville Magic, Dereen Star and Attractive Son both gained double victories and led the points on 32. Yes Speedy was next with 28 and Glenhill Jack with 25 leaving one place available. Irish Sprint Cup champion Macs Lock and Deenside Spark both finished with 26 points, the former getting a final place by virtue of a faster time.


1989 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final Macs Lock led the race pursued closely by the field, Attractive Son challenged with Yes Speedy and Dereen Star still in contention. Then Manorville Magic came from fifth place to overtake the field and the leader Macs Lock by a short head with just one length covering the first five in a very competitive final.


1989 Irish Masters
The 1989 Irish Masters was the fifteenth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from 28 March to 2 April 1989. The tournament was played at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured twelve professional players.


1989 Irish Masters
Alex Higgins won the title for the second time, beating Stephen Hendry 9–8 in the final. This was the last professional title of Higgins' career.


1989 Irish Professional Championship
The 1989 Irish Professional Championship was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place in February 1989 at the Antrim Forum in Antrim, Northern Ireland.


1989 Irish Professional Championship
Alex Higgins won the title beating Jack McLaughlin 9–7 in the final.


1989 Irish general election
The 1989 Irish general election was held on Thursday, 15 June, three weeks after the dissolution of the Dáil on 25 May. The newly elected 166 members of the 26th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on 29 June. However, a new Taoiseach and a Fianna Fáil-Progressive Democrats government were not appointed until 12 July.


1989 Irish general election
The general election took place in 41 parliamentary constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann.


1989 Irish general election, Campaign
The general election of 1989 was precipitated by the defeat of the minority Fianna Fáil government in a private members motion regarding the provision of funds for AIDS sufferers (haemophiliacs who had been infected with contaminated blood products by the HSE). While a general election was not necessary – the defeat was seen merely as an embarrassment for the government – the Dáil was dissolved nonetheless.


1989 Irish general election, Campaign
Charles Haughey, the Fianna Fáil leader, called the general election for another reason; opinion polls had shown that the party's strong performance in government had increased their popularity and an overall majority for Fianna Fáil could be a possibility. Also, rumours were current that the general election was called so that certain Fianna Fáil members could raise money privately for themselves. While these rumours were dismissed at the time, it was revealed more than ten years later that Ray Burke, Pádraig Flynn and Haughey himself had received substantial personal donations during the campaign.


1989 Irish general election, Campaign
While it was thought that the general election would catch the opposition parties unprepared, they co-ordinated themselves and co-operated very quickly. Further cuts in spending, particularly in the health service, became the dominant issue. Alan Dukes was fighting his first (and as events would prove, his only) general election as leader of Fine Gael. His "Tallaght Strategy" had kept Fianna Fáil in power, governing as a minority, since 1987.


1989 Irish general election, Campaign
The general election was held on the same day as the elections to the European Parliament, and turnout was 68.5%.


1989 Irish general election, Results
Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (6,961 votes, 1 seat), Army Wives (6,966 votes) and Gay candidates (517 votes).


1989 Irish general election, Results
While Fianna Fáil had hoped to achieve an overall majority, the party actually lost seats. The result was a disaster for Fianna Fáil, particularly when the election was so unnecessary. Fine Gael made a small gain, but nothing substantial. The Progressive Democrats did badly, losing over half their deputies. The Labour Party and the Workers' Party gained working class votes from Fianna Fáil, but failed to make the big breakthrough, while Sinn Féin polled even worse than its 1987 result. The Green Party won its first seat when Roger Garland was elected for Dublin South.


1989 Irish general election, Results
Forming a government proved to be extremely difficult. Many in Fianna Fáil had hoped that the minority government could continue where it left off, particularly if the "Tallaght Strategy" continued. However, Fine Gael refused to support the government and so a deadlock developed. The prospect of forming a government seemed remote, so much so that Charles Haughey was forced to formally resign as Taoiseach. For the first time in Irish history a Taoiseach and a government had not been appointed when the new Dáil met. However, twenty-seven days after the general election, Fianna Fáil entered into a coalition government for the first time in its history – with the Progressive Democrats.


1989 Irish general election, Dáil membership changes
The following changes took place as a result of the election:


1989 Irish general election, Dáil membership changes
Where more than one change took place in a constituency the concept of successor is an approximation for presentation only.


1989 Island Games
The 1989 Island Games were the third Island Games, and were held in Faroe Islands, from July 5 to July 13, 1989.


1989 Israel Super Cup
The 1989 Israel Super Cup was the 18th Israel Super Cup (23rd, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup.


1989 Israel Super Cup
The match was played between Maccabi Haifa, champions of the 1988–89 Liga Leumit and Beitar Jerusalem, winners of the 1988–89 Israel State Cup.


1989 Israel Super Cup
This was Maccabi Haifa's 4th Israel Super Cup appearance (including unofficial matches) and Beitar's 6th. Watched by a crowd of 5,000 at Kiryat Eliezer  Stadium, Maccabi Haifa won the match 2–0.


1989 Italian Grand Prix
The 1989 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 10 September 1989. It was the twelfth race of the 1989 Formula One season.


1989 Italian Grand Prix
Alain Prost took his fourth and final win of the season after McLaren teammate and pole-sitter Ayrton Senna suffered an engine failure with nine laps to go, thus extending the Frenchman's lead over the Brazilian in the Drivers' Championship to 20 points. Having announced that he was moving to Ferrari for 1990, Prost dropped his winners' trophy from the podium into the crowd, to the severe disapproval of his team manager Ron Dennis. Gerhard Berger, the man Prost would be replacing at Ferrari, recorded his first finish of the season with second, followed by the two Williams of Thierry Boutsen and Riccardo Patrese. The final points went to Jean Alesi in the Tyrrell and Martin Brundle in the Brabham.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Pre-race
Before the Italian Grand Prix, Alain Prost announced that he had signed with Ferrari for the upcoming 1990 season. To the Tifosi who had previously seen Prost as the villain, he was now the hero of the crowd. It mattered not that he was still driving for McLaren, he was a confirmed Ferrari driver now and was treated as such (in previous years he had been jostled, jeered, and even pelted with tomatoes by some of the Tifosi for daring to beat the Ferraris).


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Pre-race
Prost's announcement allowed Frank Williams to re-sign Riccardo Patrese for 1990 (Prost had offers from both Ferrari and Williams). Lotus also announced at the Grand Prix that they would be using the Lamborghini V12 engine in 1990. They also confirmed that their 1990 drivers would be Derek Warwick and the teams test driver Martin Donnelly.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
For the first time in six Grands Prix, Onyx were not fastest in pre-qualifying. That credit went to Larrousse-Lola, as their cars were first and second on Friday morning, with Philippe Alliot ahead of Michele Alboreto. Third was Nicola Larini in the Osella, with Bertrand Gachot's Onyx fourth. Gachot's team-mate Stefan Johansson missed out in fifth.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
Sixth was the AGS of Gabriele Tarquini, with Roberto Moreno's Coloni seventh. Eighth was Larini's Osella team-mate Piercarlo Ghinzani, his eleventh pre-qualifying failure this season. As at the previous meeting, the Zakspeeds were ninth and tenth, Bernd Schneider again ahead of Aguri Suzuki. Argentine Oscar Larrauri had returned to EuroBrun for whom he raced in 1988, replacing Swiss driver Gregor Foitek, but with no improvement down in eleventh. Twelfth was the other AGS of Yannick Dalmas, ahead only of the second Coloni of Enrico Bertaggia.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Predictably, the McLaren-Honda of Ayrton Senna was the fastest in qualifying for his 38th career pole position. Second was a surprise as Ferrari's Gerhard Berger joined Senna on the front row, whilst his teammate Nigel Mansell was third. Prost was only 4th, some 1.79 seconds slower than his Brazilian teammate, publicly complaining all weekend of a down on power engine compared to Senna's.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Prost's claims that Honda were favouring Senna were refuted by both Honda and McLaren boss Ron Dennis. However Prost's assertion was supported by former Honda drivers Mansell and 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg who also told the press that when it became known they would not be driving Honda powered cars any more that their engines did not work as well or have as much power as was previous. BBC commentator Murray Walker also reported during the race itself that Prost was over 7 mph (11 km/h) slower than Senna through the speed trap in the race morning warm-up session despite the two cars running similar wing settings.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Senna's time of 1:23.720 in his V10 McLaren-Honda was 2.254 seconds faster than he had been a year earlier in the turbocharged McLaren MP4/4. His time was only 0.26 seconds shy of the fastest ever lap of the Monza circuit set by Nelson Piquet in a Williams-Honda in qualifying for the 1987 race when the turbo engines were developing some 300 bhp (224 kW; 304 PS) more than the naturally aspirated engines of 1989.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Eddie Cheever, who had finished 3rd in the 1988 race, failed to qualify his Arrows-Ford. It was the second time in 1989 that the American had failed to qualify for a race. His teammate Derek Warwick qualified 16th. The Brabham-Judd of Stefano Modena was excluded from the meeting when his car was found to be underweight. This promoted the Minardi of Luis Pérez-Sala onto the grid.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
As the grid was in the process of forming up before the start, the McLaren team transferred the settings from Senna's car to Prost's in the hope of curing its handling problem (Prost had actually been more than 2 seconds slower in the race morning warm up than Senna). Prost would later say that while handling and grip were significantly improved, the down on power engine remained and despite the same wing settings he still could not match his teammate for straight line speed.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Senna led from the start and built up a small lead over Berger, while Mansell (whose 'development' V12 engine was not revving right) and especially Prost struggled to stay in touch. Indeed, in the early stages of the race Prost, who was getting used to his cars new set up, was having a hard time holding off the V10 Williams-Renault of Thierry Boutsen, though the BBC's James Hunt explained that Prost was using a harder set of "B" compound tyres in the hope of not having to pit during the race.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Emanuele Pirro was the races first retirement, the transmission in his Benetton-Ford not lasting a single lap. Only just longer was the Lola-Lamborghini of Philippe Alliot. The V12 powered Lolas of Alliot and Michele Alboreto had easily been the fastest in pre-qualifying, and Alliot went on to qualify a fine 7th (ahead of the Benetton's) before spinning into the sand trap at Ascari on just his second lap.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Alessandro Nannini's Benetton lost its brakes on lap 33 putting him into retirement, while Nigel Mansell suffered gearbox failure on lap 41. Through all of this, Senna was still comfortably in the lead with Prost having fought his way past Berger into second following Mansell's retirement. Prost passed Berger in front of the pits and the main grandstand and this saw the unusual sight of the Tifosi cheering when a McLaren passed a Ferrari.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
It must be remembered though that Prost was a confirmed Ferrari driver for 1990 while Berger, the hero of the 1988 race, was leaving the Scuderia to take Prost's seat at McLaren. The Williams' pair of Boutsen and Patrese, having found the limits of the older FW12 model, were circulating in 4th and 5th places but at no stage threatened the leaders.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
On lap 44 the roar of the crowd told the story as the V10 Honda in Senna's McLaren comprehensively blew up going into the Parabolica, dumping its oil onto the rear tyres and sending Senna into a gentle spin and retirement, handing Prost the lead which he held to win his first Italian Grand Prix since 1985. Berger finished second for not only his first points of the season but indeed his first race finish while Boutsen came home third. Despite Prost's engine complaints, he still managed to set the fastest lap of the race on lap 43.


1989 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Prost's win restored his 20-point championship lead over Senna with only four races remaining in the season. However, due to the "Best 11" scoring system, Prost had now scored major points in 11 races while Senna could still score from all four remaining races. This meant that unless Prost won races, he would be able to score only a small number of points for the remainder of the season while Senna could conceivably score a maximum of 36 points (and win the championship) if he won the last four rounds.


1989 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1989 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome in Italy that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix and of the Category 5 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. The men's tournament was held from 15 May through 21 May 1989, while the women's tournament was played from 8 May through 14 May 1989. Alberto Mancini and Gabriela Sabatini won the singles titles.


1989 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's singles
Alberto Mancini defeated  Andre Agassi 6–3, 4–6, 2–6, 7–6, 6–1


1989 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Jim Courier /  Pete Sampras defeated  Danilo Marcelino /  Mauro Menezes 6–4, 6–3


1989 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Elizabeth Smylie /  Janine Tremelling defeated  Manon Bollegraf /  Mercedes Paz 6–4, 6–3


1989 Italian Open – Men's Doubles
Jorge Lozano and Todd Witsken were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Rikard Bergh and Nicolás Pereira.


1989 Italian Open – Men's Doubles
Jim Courier and Pete Sampras won in the final 6–4, 6–3 against Danilo Marcelino and Mauro Menezes.


1989 Italian Open – Men's Singles
Ivan Lendl was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1989 Italian Open – Men's Singles
Alberto Mancini won in the final 6–3, 4–6, 2–6, 7–6, 6–1 against Andre Agassi.


1989 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Jana Novotná and Catherine Suire were the defending champions but only Suire competed that year with Helen Kelesi.


1989 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Kelesi and Suire lost in the first round to Sophie Amiach and Lise Gregory.


1989 Italian Open – Women's Doubles
Elizabeth Smylie and Janine Tremelling won in the final 6–4, 6–3 against Manon Bollegraf and Mercedes Paz.


1989 Italian Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. The top five seeded teams received byes into the second round.


1989 Italian Open – Women's Singles
Gabriela Sabatini was the defending champion and won in the final 6–2, 5–7, 6–4 against Arantxa Sánchez.


1989 Italian Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top eight seeds received a bye to the second round.


1989 Italian advisory referendum
An advisory referendum on the European Economic Community was held in Italy on 18 June 1989, alongside European elections. The non-binding referendum was called by all main parties with a special law, because the Italian Constitution does not allow this type of question. The Italian political spectrum wanted to re-affirm the popular support of Italy to the process of European integration, particularly giving to the European Parliament a popular, constitutional mandate in event of a future European Constitution.


1989 Italy rugby union tour of Argentina
The 1989 Italy rugby union tour of Argentina was a series of matches played in June 1989 in Argentina by the Italy national rugby union team.


1989 Italy rugby union tour of Argentina
The tour went well for Italy, following several prior years of poor results. Italy won the first four matches and lost only against Cordoba (led by Diego Dominguez, the future fly half of Italy) and the "Pumas".


1989 JSL Cup, Overview
It was contested by 28 teams, and Nissan Motors won the championship.


1989 JSL Cup Final
1989 JSL Cup Final was the 14th final of the JSL Cup competition. The final was played at Toyohashi Football Stadium in Aichi on September 16, 1989. Nissan Motors won the championship.


1989 JSL Cup Final, Overview
Defending champion Nissan Motors won their 2nd title, by defeating Yamaha Motors 1–0 with Takashi Mizunuma goal. Nissan Motors won the title for 2 years in a row.


1989 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation
The 1989 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation (Chinese: 1989年度十大勁歌金曲頒獎典禮) was held on January 1990 at The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts. It is part of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation series held in Hong Kong.


1989 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation, Top 10 song awards
The top 10 songs (十大勁歌金曲) of 1989 are as follows.


1989 Jamaican general election
General elections were held in Jamaica on 9 February 1989. The result was a victory for the People's National Party, which won 45 of the 60 seats. Voter turnout was 78.4%.


1989 Jamaican general election
They were the first seriously contested elections since 1980, as the PNP had boycotted the 1983 snap elections to protest the refusal of the ruling Jamaican Labour Party to update the electoral roll amid allegations of voter fraud.


1989 Jamaican general election
Prime Minister Edward Seaga announced the election date on 15 January at a rally in Kingston, with the emergency conditions caused by Hurricane Gilbert in 1988 forcing an extension of the parliamentary term beyond its normal five-year mandate.


1989 Jamaican general election, Campaign
The election date and tone of the election were shaped in part by Hurricane Gilbert, which made landfall in September 1988 and decimated the island. The hurricane caused almost $1 billion worth of damage to the island, with banana and coffee crops wiped out and thousands of homes destroyed. Both parties engaged in campaigning through the distribution of relief supplies, a hallmark of the Jamaican patronage system. Political commentators noted that prior to the hurricane, Edward Seaga and the JLP trailed Michael Manley and the PNP by twenty points in opinion polls.


1989 Jamaican general election, Campaign
The ability to provide relief as the party in charge allowed Seaga to improve his standing among voters and erode the inevitability of Manley's victory. However, scandals related to the relief effort cost Seaga and the JLP some of the gains made immediately following the hurricane. Scandals that emerged included National Security Minister Errol Anderson personally controlling a warehouse full of disaster relief supplies and candidate Joan Gordon-Webley distributing American-donated flour in sacks with her picture on them.


1989 Jamaican general election, Campaign
The election was characterized by a narrower ideological difference between the two parties on economic issues. Michael Manley facilitated his comeback campaign by moderating his leftist positions and admitting mistakes made as Prime Minister, saying he erred when he involved government in economic production and had abandoned all thoughts of nationalizing industry. He cited the PNP's desire to continue the market-oriented policies of the JLP government, but with a more participatory approach.


1989 Jamaican general election, Campaign
Prime Minister Edward Seaga ran on his record of economic growth and the reduction of unemployment in Jamaica, using the campaign slogan "Don't Let Them Wreck It Again" to refer to Manley's tenure as Prime Minister. Seaga during his tenure as Prime Minister emphasized the need to tighten public sector spending and cut close to 27,000 public sector jobs in 1983 and 1984. He shifted his plans as elections neared with a promise to spend J$1 billion on a five-year Social Well-Being Programme, which would build new hospitals and schools in Jamaica.


1989 Jamaican general election, Campaign
Foreign policy also played a role in the 1989 election. Prime Minister Edward Seaga emphasized his relations with the United States, a relationship which saw Jamaica receiving considerable economic aid from the U.S and additional loans from international institutions. Manley pledged better relations with the United States while at the same time pledging to restore diplomatic relations with Cuba that had been cut under Seaga. With Manley as Prime Minister, Jamaican-American relations had significantly frayed as a result of Manley's economic policies and close relations with Cuba.


1989 Jamaican general election, Campaign
The personalities of the two party leaders helped shape the 1989 campaign. While Seaga was portrayed as a good manager with a cold public demeanor, Manley was perceived as a person with suspect managerial skills but exceptional personal magnetism. Seaga summarized the two personalities by saying, "Some people prefer to have a husband who will provide for them and give them security. Others are looking for a lover to give them joy."


1989 Japan Series
The 1989 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1989 season. It was the 40th Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champion Kintetsu Buffaloes against the Central League champion Yomiuri Giants. Kintetsu barely scraped into the series with a winning percentage only .001 higher than the second place Orix Braves, and Yomiuri won the CL pennant by 8 games to return to the series for the 25th time in franchise history.


1989 Japan Series
Played at Fujiidera Stadium and Tokyo Dome, the Giants won the series after losing the first three games to the underdog Buffaloes and staging a miraculous comeback, winning four games in a row with the final two wins coming on the road. Yomiuri slugger Norihiro Komada was named Most Valuable Player of the series. The series was played between October 21 and October 29 with home field advantage going to the Pacific League.


1989 Japan national football team
This page records the details of the Japan national football team in 1989.


1989 Japan women's national football team
This page records the details of the Japan women's national football team in 1989.


1989 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship
The 1989 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship was contested over 8 rounds. 17 different teams, 29 different drivers, 5 different chassis and 2 different engines competed.


1989 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, Final point standings, Driver
For every race points were awarded: 9 points to the winner, 6 for runner-up, 4 for third place, 3 for fourth place, 2 for fifth place and 1 for sixth place. No additional points were awarded. The best 6 results count. No driver had a point deduction.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix
The 1989 Japanese Grand Prix (formally the XV Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Suzuka Circuit, Japan, on 22 October 1989. It was the 15th and penultimate round of the 1989 Formula One season. The 53-lap race was won by Alessandro Nannini for the Benetton team, from a sixth position start. Riccardo Patrese finished second for the Williams team, with Thierry Boutsen third in the other Williams car.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix
The race is one of the most notorious in F1 history, as the culmination of Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna's tumultuous two year rivalry as teammates at McLaren. The Japanese Grand Prix decided the 1989 Drivers' Championship in Prost's favour, after a collision on lap 47 at the final chicane between him and Senna put them both off the track. While Prost abandoned his stalled car, Senna restarted his, made a pit stop to change his front wing, and overhauled Alessandro Nannini on lap 51 to take victory. Following the race Senna was controversially disqualified for getting a push start from the marshals to rejoin the circuit, handing the title to Prost.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Pre-race
As in 1988, the McLaren team had been dominant throughout 1989. Going into this race, Prost had a 16-point lead in the Drivers' Championship over Senna, 76 to 60. The Brazilian had won six races to the Frenchman's four, including the previous race in Spain, but had only finished in the points on one other occasion, while Prost had only finished out of the points once all season. Therefore, Senna had to win both this race and the final race in Australia to have any chance of retaining his World Drivers' Championship. However, if Senna did win the last two races, he would be champion regardless of where Prost finished, due to the dropped scores system.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
Nicola Larini was fastest in the Friday morning pre-qualifying session for the second Grand Prix in a row, the Osella driver just edging out Philippe Alliot in his Larrousse-Lola. A surprising third place was the Zakspeed of Bernd Schneider, who had not pre-qualified since the first race of the season in Brazil. The car's underpowered Yamaha engine had undergone some testing and development work since the last race, with some clear improvement made. "Our season starts here," Schneider said. The fourth pre-qualifying spot went to Michele Alboreto in the other Lola.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Qualifying, Pre-qualifying report
Larini's team-mate Piercarlo Ghinzani missed out this time in fifth place, with Roberto Moreno sixth in his Coloni. The Onyx team failed to get either car through to the main qualifying sessions for the first time since the third round at Monaco, as Stefan Johansson could only manage seventh after a fuel pump failure. Zakspeed's improvement could only help Aguri Suzuki to eighth place, his fifteenth straight failure to pre-qualify. Oscar Larrauri was ninth in the EuroBrun, ahead of the other Onyx of JJ Lehto. The AGS team had spent three days testing in France, but were both well off the pace in this session, with only Enrico Bertaggia's Coloni below them on the time sheets, as the Italian failed to post a time.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
As expected, the two McLarens dominated qualifying. Even so, Senna was easily the class of the field, posting a time over a second and a half faster than teammate Prost.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
As would quickly become clear in the race though, Prost was aware early on in the event that the McLarens were sufficiently superior to all the other cars on the grid, that even with his car setup fully optimised for the race, he could qualify on the front row alongside Senna, but with a car setup far better suited to the demands of the race than his teammate – he would just need to beat the Brazilian off the line at the start and he would have a considerable advantage during the race, as would be seen.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
The Ferraris of Gerhard Berger and Nigel Mansell filled the second row, with Berger just edging his own teammate into fourth place by two tenths of a second. The Williams of Riccardo Patrese was half a second behind Mansell in fifth place, and joining him on row three was fellow Italian Alessandro Nannini in his Benetton-Ford using the development HBA4 V8 engine. Behind Nannini positions were closely contested, with only six tenths of a second covering the next six qualifying times, including that of former World Champion Nelson Piquet's Lotus-Judd in eleventh position. Jonathan Palmer's Tyrrell-Ford took the final grid slot in twenty-sixth place, while four failed to qualify (including former Ferrari drivers René Arnoux and Michele Alboreto who between them had won 12 Grands Prix), with nine drivers failing to pre-qualify.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying report
Bernd Schneider qualified the Zakspeed-Yamaha for only its second race of the season (he also qualified for the season opener in Brazil). Schneider qualified 21st, only 4.851 seconds slower than Senna. Schneider's teammate Aguri Suzuki was not as successful in his home Grand Prix. After making his F1 debut for the Larrousse team at Suzuka in 1988, Suzuki recorded his 15th straight failure to pre-qualify the under-powered Zakspeed.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
In order to improve his straight-line speed, Prost had his Gurney flap removed before the race, without Senna's knowledge, as revealed by F1 journalist, Maurice Hamilton. At the start Prost got away much faster than Senna as he was hoping, instantly wiping out the Brazilian's pole position advantage. In fact, Senna's start was so poor that Gerhard Berger managed to get alongside him from his third place on the grid. But Senna's McLaren had the inside line into the first corner, and he managed to keep the Ferrari behind him.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
With a race-setup now clearly superior to his teammate's, over the first half of the race Prost steadily built his lead up to almost six seconds, and then Senna lost an additional two seconds due to a slow pitstop (by removing the Gurney flap, Prost had gone for a car setup with less downforce than Senna giving him more straight line speed and protection against all but the most extreme overtaking attempts into the circuit's one clear overtaking spot, the chicane at the lap's end). However, with a new set of tyres on the balance of power shifted, and the reigning World Champion began to reel in the Frenchman's lead.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Behind the leading pair, after his initial charge, Gerhard Berger's Ferrari gearbox failed on lap 34, and the sister Ferrari of Nigel Mansell suffered engine failure nine laps later. With the Scuderia's cars gone, all real challenge to the McLaren charge had evaporated. The only opposition left for Senna and Prost was each other as they were drawing away from the new third placed man Alessandro Nannini. The Italian's Benetton used the less powerful, but more reliable, HBA1 engine in the race and not the development HBA4.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
His teammate Emanuele Pirro did use the development V8 in the race, and while he was not as quick as Nannini, he did use it to move up to 10th after starting 22nd. Pirro's race ended on lap 33 after a collision at the hairpin with Andrea de Cesaris where Pirro ran into the back of his fellow Italian's Dallara.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Senna finally caught Prost on lap 40 (Prost had deliberately eased his pace, allowing Senna to follow him closely in his slipstream for the corners, at the expense of forcing Senna to use up his fresher tyres), and for the next five laps the gap between the two remained at approximately one second as the two McLaren drivers tried to position themselves tactically. Prost had greater top speed on the straights, while Senna's high-downforce settings gave him the advantage through the corners.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
On lap 47 Senna used his greater cornering speed to make sure that he remained close behind Prost's car through the challenging, double-apex Spoon Corner. This put Senna's car directly in the aerodynamic tow from the leading McLaren, negating much of Prost's straight line advantage. Through the infamous 130R, ultra high-speed, left curve, Senna cut Prost's lead still further, putting his MP4/5 only two car lengths behind his rival.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
The next corner after 130R is the chicane, the second-slowest corner on the circuit. As Prost began to brake for the corner Senna dived alongside, but Prost saw the move in his mirrors and moved his car across the track to block his path (Prost had told team boss Ron Dennis before the race that in the past he had left the door open if Senna challenged so as not to take both team cars out, but he would not be leaving the door open on this day).


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Neither driver was willing to back down and the two collided just before the apex of the turn. With their wheels locked and their engines stalled, the two cars slid to a halt in the mouth of the partially blocked chicane escape road. As the vehicles were directly in the line of any possible out of control cars, the marshals hurried to clear them. While Prost unbuckled his belts and left his car (thinking this race was over and the World Championship finally settled in his favour), Senna gestured to the marshals to push his down the escape road. As the McLaren was pushed forward, Senna used the forward motion to restart his engine, and after it fired he immediately accelerated down the escape road, weaving between the temporary chicane bollards arranged in the roadway.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Although his car was running, Senna's MP4/5 had suffered damage to its front wing during the collision, and while Prost slowly wandered back to the nearby pit lane, Senna had to complete almost an entire lap of the circuit before pitting for a repair. Once his nosecone had been replaced Senna continued the race.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Some indication of McLaren's dominance is shown by the fact that – despite the collision, the subsequent period spent stalled, the slow in-lap, and the pit stop delay while his car was repaired – when Senna rejoined the race he was only five seconds behind the new race leader, Alessandro Nannini.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
Senna did not take long to catch Nannini's Benetton. He passed the Italian only two laps after having his nosecone replaced, in exactly the same place as the collision with Prost had occurred (unlike Prost, Nannini didn't put up a significant fight, a locked wheel and not an aggressively positioned car the only indication of how hard he tried to keep Senna behind). Two laps later Senna took the chequered flag. Nannini finished in second place, followed by the two Williams-Renaults of Riccardo Patrese and Thierry Boutsen who had driven in tandem and off the pace throughout the race.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Race report
The only other driver on the same lap as the winner was Nelson Piquet; almost a lap down, but still far better placed than the eleventh position he started in, mostly due to the race's high attrition rate. Only eleven of the twenty-six starters were still running at the finish. Behind Piquet were two British drivers who also benefited from the misfortune of others, and while Martin Brundle's sixth-place finish was remarkable enough, Derek Warwick had come from the back row of the grid in his Arrows to take a seventh place. In a ploy that worked a treat for him, before the race Warwick had taken the extraordinary step of removing virtually all downforce from his car in the hopes that the extra straight line speed would give him an advantage.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
Immediately after the race, Senna was disqualified by race stewards for missing the chicane following his collision with Prost. Senna personally alleged that the decision had been made by FISA President Jean-Marie Balestre to give the championship to his fellow countryman Prost (the race stewards and Balestre both denied this was the case, stating that the FISA boss wasn't even present at the stewards meeting when the decision to disqualify Senna was made). Nannini was awarded the victory as a result, and he took the podium ceremony with Patrese and Boutsen.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
This would prove to be Alessandro Nannini's only victory in a Formula One career that was cut short by a helicopter crash almost exactly a year later, which severed his right forearm. Senna's disqualification also meant that it was mathematically impossible for him to overhaul Prost's points total, and so the 1989 Drivers' Championship went to the Frenchman.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
As he had gained no competitive advantage by missing the chicane, Senna and McLaren attempted to appeal the disqualification ruling. McLaren boss Ron Dennis explained that it had nothing to do with stopping Prost (who was leaving McLaren for Ferrari) winning the championship, it was that the team strongly felt they had a win taken away from them by an incorrect ruling, and that resulted in a loss of prize money and bonus sponsorship money.


1989 Japanese Grand Prix, Race, Post-race
At the FISA hearing in Paris later the same week, Senna's disqualification was not only upheld, but an additional US$100,000 fine and suspended six-month ban were imposed on the driver (FISA also labeled Senna as a "Dangerous driver"). Ever since the incident, there has been much debate as to whether Prost intentionally ran into Senna, whether Senna was overambitious in his overtaking move, or whether the collision was simply a racing incident between two embittered teammates.


1989 Japanese House of Councillors election
House of Councillors elections were held in  Japan on 23 July 1989.


1989 Japanese House of Councillors election
There were several controversial issues dominating the pre-election atmosphere, all of which reflected negatively of the ruling LDP. The most important, according to most polls, was the introduction of an unpopular 3% consumption tax law which had been forced through the Diet by Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita despite boycots by the opposition parties, an act which hurt the LDP's image with the public. A second issue was the infamous Recruit scandal, which induced the resignation of Takeshita and his cabinet members and left a major stain on the LDP's integrity to the public. There was also resistance to the LDP's gradual adoption of import liberalisation of food products. Even more, there was incumbent Prime Minister Sōsuke Uno's sex scandal which had come to light only a month earlier.


1989 Japanese House of Councillors election
The result of all of this negative feeling towards the LDP was an unprecedented victory for the Japan Socialist Party (JSP), roughly doubling its share of the popular vote when compared to the previous House of Councillors election, and being the only major pre-existing party to see a net increase in its share of the popular vote; the other opposition parties, which had more success in the past while the JSP stagnated, saw net decreases in both popular votes as well as seat numbers.


1989 Japanese House of Councillors election
Moreover, although the Japanese Communist Party has historically contributed to vote splitting by fielding candidates in every district, the overall decline in support for the JCP is thought to have helped jointly-backed opposition candidates in this election. In any event, the JSP would cooperate with the other opposition parties in order to form a majority coalition over a minority LDP, a historical first for the House of Councillors.


1989 Japanese House of Councillors election
Meanwhile, the LDP lost the popular vote in an election for the first time in its history, and the only prefectures in which any LDP candidates were able to win any seats were Toyama, Shiga, and Wakayama. The LDP's losses were strongest in single-member constituencies, but less strongly felt in multi-member constituencies, no doubt partly due to the above mentioned relative lack of vote splitting in this election.


1989 Japanese House of Councillors election
After this election, the LDP designated as its new leader Toshiki Kaifu, who belonged to the same historical faction as Takeo Miki, and who, like Miki, was reform-minded; ironically, Kaifu later defected from the LDP in the mid 1990's in order to join the opposition, although he eventually returned to the LDP in the 21st century.


1989 Japanese Regional Leagues
Statistics of Japanese Regional Leagues for the 1989 football season.


1989 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1989 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1989 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 24 to 26 March 1989 at the Suzuka Circuit.


1989 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Wayne Rainey gets the lead and opens a small gap in the first lap, with Kevin Schwantz moving into second to chase him down. Wayne Gardner and Freddie Spencer go off-track, but get back in the race, while Doohan has a mechanical and Pierfrancesco Chili crashes out.


1989 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Schwantz soon catches and passes Rainey at the chicane in a typical late-braking move that leaves Rainey without much room. Rainey, not wanting to let Schwantz through, almost hits Schwantz’ back wheel and loses a lot of time. Schwantz will repeat the chicane pass two more times. From about half-race on, Rainey and Schwantz get in an epic fight, seemingly incapable of wanting to let the other take the lead. Rainey is so committed to staying in front of Schwantz that he does a downhill wheelie on the approach to the hairpin; on this lap alone they swap the lead at least 5 times.


1989 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Last lap sees Rainey ahead on the straight, but Schwantz passes into Turn One and manages to hold the lead to the finish line. Crossing the line, Rainey’s arm-flailing betrays his fury, but he manages to extend a hand of congratulations as he comes alongside Schwantz on the cool-down lap. Lawson battles his way through a handful of riders to take 3rd.


1989 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix, 500 cc race report
Rainey says of the last lap: “I couldn’t see my pit board so I was watching the circuit’s own lap counter over the start line. That clicks down as the leaders go underneath it, but I didn’t realize that. I read L2. I was following Kevin and thinking: why’s he riding so wild when there’s still another lap left? He was being real aggressive, and I was sitting right on him, planning how the next lap I’d draught him on the back straight, then not let him pass me at the chicane. Then we came across the start-finish line and there was the checker. It really pissed me off. Towards the end of 1988 we’d started saying hello to one another. It wasn’t just the two of us anymore. Now our rivalry started to heat up again.”


1989 Jeux de la Francophonie
The 1989 Jeux de la Francophonie, also known as Iers Jeux de la Francophonie, (French for Francophone Games) were held in Casablanca and Rabat, Morocco, from 8 to 22 July 1989.


1989 John Hancock Bowl
The 1989 John Hancock Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Texas A&M Aggies and the Pittsburgh Panthers.


1989 John Hancock Bowl
This was the first edition of the annual game otherwise known as the Sun Bowl to be staged as the John Hancock Bowl, through a sponsorship agreement with John Hancock Financial. The company had been the title sponsor of the three prior editions of the Sun Bowl, but their name "wasn't mentioned enough in national media to justify the expense" when it was known as the John Hancock Sun Bowl. The bowl's name would later revert to Sun Bowl in 1994.


1989 John Hancock Bowl, Background
The Aggies finished tied for 2nd in the Southwest Conference in Slocum's first season as coach. Meanwhile, Hackett was the interim head coach who was appointed after Pittsburgh and Mike Gottfried parted ways before the game. This was the Aggies' first Sun Bowl since 1977 and the Panthers' first since 1975.


1989 John Hancock Bowl, Game summary
An 8 play, 93 yard drive by the Panthers led to a Curvin Richards 12 yard touchdown run to give them a 7-0 lead less than six minutes into the game. A&M responded with an 11 play 80 yard drive complete with a Lance Pavlas 9 yard touchdown run to tie the game with :16 in the first quarter. Ed Frazier's 24 yard field goal gave the Panthers the lead back at 10-7. Layne Talbot tied the game with a field goal of his own, from 39 yards.


1989 John Hancock Bowl, Game summary
With :18 seconds remaining in the half, Ronald Redmond caught an 8-yard pass from Alex Van Pelt or a touchdown to give the Panthers a 17-10 lead. In the second half, Van Pelt ran in for a touchdown to give them a 24-10 lead. The Aggies soon went on the charge, responding with a Keith McAfee touchdown run to narrow the lead. However, their conversion attempt failed when Brian Ross fell short, making the margin stay at eight. McAfee rushed for another touchdown with :05 remaining in the quarter.


1989 John Hancock Bowl, Game summary
On their second conversion attempt, the pass fell short, leaving the score at 24-22. A&M responded with another score, this time on a Randy Simmons touchdown run, to finally give them the lead, with 9:32 remaining. Once again however, their conversion attempt fell short, leaving it at 28-24. Pittsburgh went on a 9 play, 84 yard drive in two minutes, culminating in a Henry Tuten catch of Van Pelt's 44 yard pass for a touchdown to give the Panthers the lead with two minutes remaining. A&M was given one last chance, with the ball at their own 21.


1989 John Hancock Bowl, Game summary
They managed to get to the 47 yard line, but on 3rd down with 1:05 remaining, Pavlas' pass was intercepted by Threats, and the Panthers ran out the rest of the time to win. Alex Van Pelt was named MVP for his performance in the game, in which he threw 20-of-40 for 354 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 1 interception. Curvin Richards went for 156 yards on 23 carries and 1 touchdown. In a losing effort, Keith McAfee went for 94 yards on 15 carries for 2 touchdowns.


1989 John Hancock Bowl, Aftermath
Hackett would be Pittsburgh's coach for the next three seasons, but he was fired before the final game after amassing a 12-20-1 record. Slocum and the Aggies would win three SWC titles in the next four years.


1989 Jonesborough ambush
The Jonesborough ambush took place on 20 March 1989 near the Irish border outside the village of Jonesborough, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. Two senior Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officers, Chief Superintendent Harry Breen and Superintendent Bob Buchanan, were shot dead in an ambush by the Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade. Breen and Buchanan were returning from an informal cross-border security conference in Dundalk with senior Garda officers when Buchanan's car, a red Vauxhall Cavalier, was flagged down and fired upon by six IRA gunmen, who the policemen had taken for British soldiers. Buchanan was killed outright whilst Breen, suffering gunshot wounds, was shot in the back of the head after he had left the car waving a white handkerchief. They were the highest-ranking RUC officers to be killed during the Troubles.