1989 (Taylor Swift album), Music and lyrics, Songs
"Out of the Woods" is an indietronica and synth-pop song featuring heavy synthesizers, layered percussions and looping background vocals, resulting in a chaotic sound. Swift said that the song, which was inspired by a relationship that evoked constant anxiety because of its fragility, "best represents" 1989. "All You Had to Do Was Stay" laments a past relationship and originated from Swift's dream of desperately shouting "Stay" to an ex-lover against her will.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Music and lyrics, Songs
The dance-pop track "Shake It Off", sharing a loosely similar sentiment with "Blank Space", sees Swift expressing disinterest in her detractors and their negative remarks on her image. The bubblegum pop song "I Wish You Would", which uses pulsing snare drums and sizzling guitars, finds Swift longing for the return of a past relationship. Swift said that "Bad Blood", a track that incorporates heavy, stomping drums, is about betrayal by an unnamed female peer (alleged to be Katy Perry, with whom Swift was involved in a feud that received widespread media coverage).


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Music and lyrics, Songs
"Wildest Dreams" speaks of a dangerous affair with an apparently untrustworthy man and incorporates a sultry, dramatic atmosphere accompanied by string instruments. On "How You Get the Girl", a bubblegum pop track featuring guitar strums over a heavy disco-styled beat, Swift hints at her desire to reunite with an ex-lover. "This Love" is a soft rock-flavored electropop ballad; music critic Jon Caramanica opined the song could be mistaken as "a concession to country" because of the production by Swift's longtime co-producer Nathan Chapman.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Music and lyrics, Songs
The penultimate track of the standard edition is "I Know Places", which expresses Swift's desire to preserve an unstable relationship. Swift stated that it serves as a loose sequel to "Out of the Woods". Accompanied by dark, intense drum and bass-influenced beats, the song uses a metaphor of foxes running away from hunters to convey hiding from scrutiny. The final track, "Clean", is an understated soft-rock-influenced song, which talks about the struggles to escape from a toxic yet addictive relationship; the protagonist is "finally clean" after a destructive yet cleansing torrential storm.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Music and lyrics, Songs
"Wonderland", the first of the three bonus songs on the deluxe edition, alludes to the fantasy book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland to describe a relationship tumbling down a "rabbit hole". The ballad "You Are in Love" finds Swift talking about an ideal relationship from another woman's perspective. Swift was inspired by the relationship of Antonoff and his girlfriend at the time Lena Dunham, both of whom are close friends of hers. The final song's title, "New Romantics", refers to the cultural movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s. With a strong 1980s synth-pop sound, the song sees Swift reigniting her hopes and energy after the heartbreaks she had endured.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Title and artwork
Swift named 1989 after her birth year, which corroborates the influence of 1980s synth-pop. She described the title as a symbolic rebirth of her image and artistry, severing ties with the country stylings of her previous albums. As creative director for the album's packaging, Swift included pictures taken with a Polaroid instant camera—a photographic method popular in the 1980s. The cover is a Polaroid portrait of Swift's face cut off at the eyes, which Swift said would bring about a sense of mystery: "I didn't want people to know the emotional DNA of this album.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Title and artwork
I didn't want them to see a smiling picture on the cover and think this was a happy album, or see a sad-looking facial expression and think, oh, this is another breakup record." She is wearing red lipstick and a sweatshirt embroidered with flying seagulls. Her initials are written with black marker on the bottom left, and the title 1989 on the bottom right.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Title and artwork
Each CD copy of 1989 includes a packet, one of five available sets, of 13 random Polaroid pictures, made up from 65 different pictures. The pictures portray Swift in different settings such as backdrops of New York City and recording sessions with the producers. The photos are out-of-focus, off-framed, with a sepia-tinged treatment, and feature the 1989 songs' lyrics written with black marker on the bottom. Polaroid Corporation chief executive Scott Hardy reported that the 1989 Polaroid concept propelled a revival in instant film, especially among the hipster subculture who valued the "nostalgia and retro element of what [their] company stands for".


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
Swift marketed 1989 as her first "official pop" album. To bolster sales, Swift and Big Machine implemented an extensive marketing plan. As observed by Maryn Wilkinson, an academic specialized in media studies, Swift adopted a "zany" aspect for her 1989 persona. As Swift had been associated with a hardworking and authentic persona through her country songs, her venture to "artificial, manufactured" pop required intricate maneuvering to retain her sense of authenticity. She used social media extensively to communicate with her fan base; to attract a younger audience, she had  promoted her country songs online previously.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
Her social media posts showcased her personal life, making fans feel engaged with her authentic self and thus cemented their support while attracting a new fan base besides her already large one. She also promoted the album through product endorsements with Subway, Keds and Diet Coke. Swift held a live stream via Yahoo! sponsored by ABC News on August 18, where she announced the details of 1989 and released the lead single "Shake It Off", which debuted atop the US Billboard Hot 100.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
To connect further with her supporters, Swift selected a number of fans based on their engagement on social media and invited them to secret album-listening sessions, called "The 1989 Secret Sessions". The sessions took place at her properties in Los Angeles, New York City, Nashville, Rhode Island, and London throughout September 2014.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
The album's standard and deluxe editions were released digitally on October 27, 2014. In the US and Canada, the deluxe edition was available exclusively through Target Corporation. The songs "Out of the Woods" and "Welcome to New York" were released through the iTunes Store as promotional singles on October 14 and 20, respectively. 1989 was supported by a string of commercially successful singles, including Billboard Hot 100 number ones "Blank Space" and "Bad Blood" featuring rapper Kendrick Lamar, and top-10 hits "Style" and "Wildest Dreams". Other singles were "Out of the Woods", previously a promotional single, and "New Romantics". The deluxe edition bonus tracks, which had been available exclusively through Target, were released on the iTunes Store in the US in 2015.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
On November 3, 2014, Swift removed her entire catalog from Spotify, the largest on-demand streaming service at the time, arguing that their ad-supported free service undermined the platform's premium service, which provides higher royalties for songwriters. She had written an op-ed for The Wall Street Journal in July 2014, expressing her concerns over the decline of the album as an economic entity following the rise of free, on-demand streaming. Big Machine and Swift kept 1989 only on paid subscription-required platforms such as Rhapsody and Beats Music.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
This move prompted an industry-wide debate on the impact of streaming on declining record sales during the digital era. In June 2015, Swift stated that she would remove 1989 from Apple Music, criticizing the service for not offering royalties to artists during their free three-month trial period. After Apple announced that it would pay artists royalties during the free trial period, she agreed to leave 1989 on their service; she then featured in a series of commercials for Apple Music. She re-added her entire catalog on Spotify in June 2017. Swift began rerecording her first six studio albums, including 1989, in November 2020. The decision came after talent manager Scooter Braun acquired the masters of Swift's first six studio albums, which Swift had been trying to buy for years, following her departure from Big Machine in November 2018.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
In addition to online promotion, Swift made many appearances on radio and television. She performed at awards shows including the MTV Video Music Awards and the American Music Awards. Her appearances on popular television talk shows included Jimmy Kimmel Live!, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Late Show with David Letterman and Good Morning America. She was part of the line-up for the iHeartRadio Music Festival, CBS Radio's "We Can Survive" benefit concert, the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show and the Jingle Ball Tour. The album's supporting tour, the 1989 World Tour, ran from May to December 2015.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Release and promotion
It kicked off in Tokyo, and concluded in Melbourne. Swift invited various special guests on tour with her, including singers and fashion models the media called Swift's "squad" which received media coverage. The 1989 World Tour was the highest-grossing tour of 2015, earning over $250 million at the box office. In North America alone, the tour grossed $181.5 million, setting the record for highest-grossing US tour by a woman. Swift broke this record in 2018 with her Reputation Stadium Tour.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Critical reception
1989 received generally positive reviews from contemporary critics; most of them acknowledged Swift's mature perceptions. The A.V. Club's Marah Eakin praised her shift from overtly romantic struggles to more positive themes of accepting and celebrating the moment. Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph commended the album's "[sharp] observation and emotional engagement" that contrasted with lyrics found in "commercialised pop". Alexis Petridis of The Guardian lauded Swift's artistic control that resulted in a "perfectly attuned" 1980s-styled synth-pop authenticity.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Critical reception
The album's 1980s synth-pop production divided critics. In an enthusiastic review, The New York Times critic Jon Caramanica complimented Swift's avoidance of contemporary hip hop/R&B crossover trends, writing, "Ms. Swift is aiming somewhere even higher, a mode of timelessness that few true pop stars...even bother aspiring to." Writing for Rolling Stone, Rob Sheffield characterized the record as "deeply weird, feverishly emotional, wildly enthusiastic". In a review published by Cuepoint, Robert Christgau applauded her departure from country to experiment with new styles, but felt this shift was not radical.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Critical reception
NME reviewer Matthew Horton considered Swift's transition to pop "a success", save for the inclusion of the "soft-rock mush" of "This Love" and "Clean". Shane Kimberlin writing for musicOMH deemed Swift's transition to pop on 1989 "not completely successful", but praised her lyrics for incorporating "enough heart and personality", which he found rare in the mainstream pop scene.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Critical reception
Several reviewers lamented that the musical shift erased Swift's authenticity as a lyricist. Slant Magazine's Annie Galvin observed that Swift maintained the clever songwriting that had distinguished her earlier releases, but was disappointed with the new musical style. Entertainment Weekly's Adam Markovitz and Spin's Andrew Unterberger were critical of the heavy synthesizers, which undermined Swift's conventionally vivid lyrics. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine described the album as "a sparkling soundtrack to an aspirational lifestyle" that fails to transcend the "transient transparencies of modern pop". Mikael Wood, in his review for the Los Angeles Times, found the album inauthentic for Swift's artistry, but acknowledged her effort to emulate the music of an era she did not experience.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Accolades
1989 won Favorite Pop/Rock Album at the 2015 American Music Awards, Album of the Year (Western) at the 2015 Japan Gold Disc Awards, and Album of the Year at the 2016 iHeartRadio Music Awards. It also earned nominations for Best International Pop/Rock Album at the 2015 Echo Music Prize, International Album of the Year at the 2015 Juno Awards, and Best International Album at the Los Premios 40 Principales 2015. At the 58th Grammy Awards in 2016, the album won Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album. Swift became the first female solo artist to win Album of the Year twice—her first win was for Fearless (2008) in 2010.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Accolades
The album appeared on multiple publications' year-end lists of 2014, ranking at number one on the list by Billboard. It was also picked as one of the best albums of the 2010s decade, including top-10 entries in The A.V. Club and Slant Magazine. According to Metacritic, it was the sixteenth most prominently acclaimed album on the decade-end lists. In terms of audience reception, 1989 ranked at number 44 on Pitchfork's readers' poll for the 2010s decade. In 2020, 1989 placed at number 393 on Rolling Stone's 2020 revision of their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Commercial performance
1989 was released amidst a decline in record sales brought about by the emergence of digital download and streaming platforms. Swift's two previous studio albums, Speak Now (2010) and Red (2012), each sold over one million copies within one week, establishing her as one of the best-selling album artists in the digital era. Given the music industry's climate, and Swift's decision to eschew her characteristic country roots that had cultivated a sizable fan base, the sales performance of 1989 was subject to considerable speculation among industry experts. One week before its release, Rolling Stone reported that US retailers predicted the album would sell from 600,000 to 750,000 copies in its debut week.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Commercial performance
1989 debuted atop the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 1.287 million copies, according to data compiled by Nielsen SoundScan for the chart dated November 15, 2014. Swift became the first artist to have three albums each sell one million copies within the first week, and 1989 was the first album released in 2014 to exceed one million copies. 1989 topped the Billboard 200 for 11 non-consecutive weeks and spent the first full year after its release in the top 10 of the Billboard 200. By September 2020, the album had spent 300 weeks on the chart.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Commercial performance
1989 exceeded sales of five million copies in US sales by July 2015, the fastest-selling album since 2004 up to that point. With 6.215 million copies sold by the end of 2019, the album was the third-best-selling album of the 2010s decade in the US. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album 9× Platinum, which denotes nine million album-equivalent units. All of its singles except "New Romantics" achieved platinum or multi-platinum certifications. The album tracks "Welcome to New York" and "This Love" were certified platinum, and "New Romantics", "All You Had to Do Was Stay", "How You Get the Girl", and "I Know Places" were certified gold.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Commercial performance
The album reached number one on the record charts of various European and Oceanic countries, including Australia, Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, and Switzerland. In Canada, it was certified 6× Platinum and was the fifth-best-selling album of the 2010s, with sales of 542,000 copies. It was the fastest-selling album by a female artist of 2014 in the UK, where it has sold 1.25 million copies and earned 4× Platinum certification. 1989 became one of the best-selling digital albums in China, having sold one million units as of August 2019. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), 1989 was the second best-selling album of 2014 and the third best-selling album of 2015, and had sold 10.1 million copies worldwide by the end of 2016.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Legacy
1989's commercial success transformed Swift's image from a country singer-songwriter to a worldwide pop phenomenon. The album was the second album to spawn five or more US top-10 singles in the 2010s decade, and made Swift the second woman to have two albums each score five US top-10 hits. Its singles received heavy rotation on US radio over a year and a half following its release, which Billboard described as "a kind of cultural omnipresence that's rare for a 2010s album".


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Legacy
The academic Shaun Cullen specializing in the humanities described Swift as a figure "at the cutting edge of postmillennial pop". According to the BBC's Neil Smith, 1989 "[forged] a path for artists who no longer wish to be ghettoised into separated musical genres". Ian Gormely of The Guardian called Swift the forefront of poptimism, led by 1989 which replaced dance/urban trends with ambition, proving that "chart success and clarity of artistic vison aren't mutually exclusive ideas." The album's electronic-pop production expanded on Swift's next two studio albums, Reputation (2017) and Lover (2019), which solidified her status as a pop star.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Legacy
Along with 1989's success, Swift's new image as a pop star became a subject of public scrutiny. While Swift supported feminism—her first time expressing her political opinions—her public appearances with singers and fashion models whom the media called her "squad" gave the impression that she did so just to keep her name afloat in news headlines. Kristy Fairclough, a professor in popular culture and film, commented, "Her shifting aesthetic and allegiances appear confusing in an overall narrative that presents Taylor Swift as the centre of the cultural universe."


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Legacy
Swift's disputes with several celebrities, most notably rapper Kanye West, diminished her sense of authenticity that she had maintained. Swift announced a prolonged hiatus following the 1989 World Tour because "people might need a break from [her]". Her follow-up album Reputation (2017) was influenced in part by this tumultuous affair with the media.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Legacy
Retrospective reviews from GQ's Jay Willis, New York's Sasha Geffen, and NME's Hannah Mylrea praised how 1989 avoided contemporary hip hop and R&B crossover trends, making it a timeless album that represents the best of Swift's prowess. Mylrea praised it as the singer's best record and described it as an influence for younger musicians to embrace "pure pop", contributing to a growing trend of nostalgic 1980s-styled sound. Geffen also attributed the album's success to its lyrics offering emotional engagement that is uncommon in pop.


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Legacy
Contemporary artists who cited 1989 as an influence included American singer-songwriter Conan Gray, American actor and musician Jared Leto, and British pop band the Vamps, who took inspiration from 1989 while composing their album Wake Up (2015). Jennifer Kaytin Robinson cited 1989 as an inspiration for her 2019 directorial debut, Someone Great. American rock singer-songwriter Ryan Adams released his track-by-track cover album of 1989 in September 2015. Finding it a "joyful" record, he listened to the album frequently to cope with his broken marriage in late 2014. On his rendition, Adams incorporated acoustic instruments which contrast with the original's electronic production. Swift was delighted with Adams' cover, saying to him, "What you did with my album was like actors changing emphasis."


1989 (Taylor Swift album), Certifications and sales
* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.


1989 .05 – 500
The 1989 .05 500 was an endurance race for Group 3A Touring Cars. The event was held at the Sandown circuit in Victoria, Australia on 10 September 1989 over 161 laps of the 3.10 km circuit, a total distance of 499 km.


1989 .05 – 500
The race was the last in Australia for six time Sandown 500 champion and defending race winner Allan Moffat who retired at the end of 1989.


1989 .05 – 500, Top Ten Shootout
The Top Ten Shootout for Pole Position was run on a wet track. As a result, times were between 5 and 12 seconds slower than the drivers qualifying times.


1989 1. deild
In 1989, 1. deild was the top tier league in Faroe Islands football (since 2005, the top tier has been the Faroe Islands Premier League, with 1. deild becoming the second tier).


1989 1. deild, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and B71 Sandoy won the championship.


1989 1. deild karla
The 1989 season of 1. deild karla was the 35th season of second-tier football in Iceland.


1989 1. divisjon
The 1989 1. divisjon was the 45th completed season of top division football in Norway. The season began on 30 April 1989, and ended on 8 October 1989.


1989 1. divisjon
22 games were played with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number eleven and twelve were relegated. The winners of the two groups of the 2. divisjon were promoted, as well as the winner of a series of play-off matches between the two second placed teams in the two groups of the 2. divisjon and number ten in the 1. divisjon.


1989 1. divisjon
This was the last season the top flight of Norwegian football would be called the 1. divisjon. The following year, the league changed its name to Tippeligaen, from its sponsor, Norsk Tipping.


1989 1. divisjon, Relegation play-offs
Vålerengen, Djerv 1919, and HamKam competed in the play-offs, Vålerengen won and remained in the top division.


1989 1. divisjon (women)
The 1989 1. divisjon season, the highest women's football (soccer) league in Norway, began on 29 April 1989 and ended on 1 October 1989.


1989 1. divisjon (women)
18 games were played with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number nine and ten were relegated, while two teams from the 2. divisjon were promoted through a playoff round.


1989 12 Hours of Sebring
The 12 Hours of Sebring Grand Prix of Endurance, was the third round of the 1989 IMSA GT Championship and was held at the Sebring International Raceway, on March 18, 1989. Victory overall went to the No. 83 Electramotive Engineering Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo driven by Chip Robinson, Geoff Brabham, and Arie Luyendyk.


1989 2. divisjon
The 1989 2. divisjon was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.


1989 2. divisjon
The league was contested by 24 teams, divided into two groups; A and B. The winners of group A and B were promoted to the 1990 Tippeligaen. The second placed teams met the 10th position finisher in the 1. divisjon in a qualification round where the winner was promoted to Tippeligaen. The bottom three teams inn both groups were relegated to the 3. divisjon.


1989 2. divisjon, Overview, Summary
Fyllingen won group A with 43 points and Strømsgodset won group B with 45 points. Both teams promoted to the 1990 Tippeligaen. The second-placed teams, Djerv 1919 and HamKam met Vålerengen in the promotion play-offs. Vålerengen won the qualification and remained in the Tippeligaen.


1989 2. divisjon, Promotion play-offs, Results
Vålerengen won the qualification round and remained in the Tippeligaen.


1989 24 Hours of Daytona
The 27th Annual SunBank 24 at Daytona was a 24-hour endurance sports car race held on February 4–5, 1989 at the Daytona International Speedway road course. The race served as the opening round of the 1989 IMSA GT Championship.


1989 24 Hours of Daytona
Victory overall and in the GTP class went to the No. 67 Miller High Life/BF Goodrich 962 Porsche 962 driven by Bob Wollek, Derek Bell, and John Andretti. Victory in the Lights class went to the No. 9 Essex Racing Tiga GT288 driven by Charles Morgan, John Morrison, and Tom Hessert Jr. The GTO class was won by the No. 16 Stroh's Light Cougar Mercury Cougar XR-7 driven by Pete Halsmer, Bob Earl, Mark Martin, and Paul Stewart. Finally, the GTU class was won by the No. 17 Al Bacon Performance Mazda RX-7 driven by Al Bacon, Bob Reed, and Rod Millen.


1989 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 1989 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 57th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 10 and 11 June 1989.


1989 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race
The race was the last time the 24 Hours of Le Mans ran without the two chicanes on the Mulsanne Straight; for the interest of safety to reduce speeds after speeds reaching 250 mph (402 km/h) in the previous years and this race, these chicanes were installed the next year and remains in use. The speeds on the Mulsanne Straight were so high that many of the drivers were concerned if their cars would stay on the ground over the humps and bumps of the straight. There were no serious accidents, something Le Mans in the 1980s had many of.


1989 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race
Having run his cars at Le Mans for a decade, Peter Sauber was aided by Mercedes in winning the 1989 race. His "Silver Arrows" Sauber C9s finished 1st, 2nd and 5th, with Porsches and Jaguars finishing behind.


1989 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 70% of the winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 3. divisjon
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jolicnikola (talk | contribs) at 00:28, 3 April 2020 (→League tables). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1989 3. divisjon
The 1989 3. divisjon, the third highest association football league for men in Norway.


1989 3. divisjon
22 games were played in 5 groups and 18 games were played in 1 group, 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Sprint/Jeløy, Sandefjord, Kristiansund, Os	, Hødd and Skarp were promoted to the 2. divisjon. The three worst placed teams in each group were relegated to the 4. divisjon, except the best performing team finishing third to last.


1989 480 km of Brands Hatch
The 1989 Brands Hatch Trophy was the fourth round of the 1989 World Sportscar Championship season. It took place at Brands Hatch, Great Britain on 23 July 1989.


1989 480 km of Brands Hatch, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Dijon
The 1989 Coupe de Dijon was the second round of the 1989 World Sportscar Championship season. It took place at the Circuit Dijon-Prenois, France on 21 May 1989.


1989 480 km of Dijon, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Donington
The 1989 Wheatcroft Gold Cup was the sixth round of the 1989 World Sportscar Championship season. It took place at Donington Park, United Kingdom on 3 September 1989.


1989 480 km of Donington, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Donington, Official results
† – #201 Mazdaspeed and #181 Roy Baker Racing were not classified due to completing the final lap of the race at too slow of a pace.


1989 480 km of Jarama
The 1989 Trofeo Repsol was the third round of the 1989 World Sportscar Championship season. It took place at the Circuito Permanente Del Jarama, Spain on June 25, 1989.


1989 480 km of Jarama
Due to a limited number of garages at Jarama this round was not mandatory, even though points were still awarded for the overall championships. Several top teams choosing not to attend include Richard Lloyd, Joest, Aston Martin, and Mazdaspeed.


1989 480 km of Jarama, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Mexico
The 1989 Trofeo Hermanos Rodríguez was the eighth and final round of the 1989 World Sportscar Championship season. It took place at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Mexico on October 29, 1989.


1989 480 km of Mexico
During qualifying, Patrick Tambay's Jaguar came in contact with Antoine Salamin's Porsche on the front stretch, causing the Porsche to make heavy contact with the pit wall. Tambay was fined US$15,000 for the incident. Along with Salamin, several other teams were unable to race due to damage incurred during practice and qualifying.


1989 480 km of Mexico
Sauber Mercedes teammates Mauro Baldi and Jean-Louis Schlesser were both in contention going into this final round, Baldi leading by seven points. However, spin at Turn 14 by Kenny Acheson eliminated co-driver Baldi from contention, allowing Schlesser to take the World Drivers Championship.


1989 480 km of Mexico, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Nürburgring
The 1989 International ADAC Trophäe was the fifth round of the 1989 World Sports Prototype Championship. It took place at the Nürburgring, West Germany on August 20, 1989.


1989 480 km of Nürburgring, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Spa
The 1989 Coupes de Spa was the seventh round of the 1989 World Sportscar Championship season. It took place at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium on September 17, 1989.


1989 480 km of Spa, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Suzuka
The 1989 480 km of Suzuka was the first round of the 1989 World Sportscar Championship season. It took place at Suzuka Circuit, Japan on April 9, 1989.


1989 480 km of Suzuka, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1989 480 km of Suzuka, Official results
† - The #108 Roy Baker Racing entry was disqualified after the race for receiving assistance at the race start.


1989 AAA Championships
The 1989 AAA Championships was an outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA), held from 11–13 August at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham, England. It was considered the de facto national championships for the United Kingdom, ahead of the 1989 UK Athletics Championships.


1989 AAA Championships
The men's decathlon and women's heptathlon, 5000 metres and 10,000 metres events were hosted in Stoke-on-Trent. The women's triple jump was held in Middlesbrough and the women's 10 km road walk was held in Leeds.


1989 ABC Championship
The 1989 Men's Asian Basketball Confederation Championship was held in Beijing, PR China.


1989 ABC Championship, Draw
* Kuwait, Bahrain and Syria withdrew from the tournament, following this Indonesia moved to Group C to balance the number of teams in each group.


1989 ABC Under-18 Championship
The 1989 ABC Under-18 Championship was the tenth edition of the Asian Championship for Junior Men. The tournament took place in Manila, Philippines from January 24 to February 1, 1989.


1989 ABC Under-18 Championship
On July 19, 1988, the Basketball Association of the Philippines announced that the Philippines was given hosting rights for the tournament after the country bested bids by Malaysia, Jordan and Thailand for the hosting rights.


1989 ABC Under-18 Championship
China successfully defended their title they won three years ago also held in Manila, this time after defeating Chinese Taipei in the championship match. The tournament host, the Philippines, avenged their quarterfinal loss to Japan by defeating them in the battle for third place.


1989 ABC Under-18 Championship for Women
The 1989 ABC Under-18 Championship was the tenth edition of the Asian basketball championship for junior women. The tournament took place in Manila, Philippines from January 24 to February 1, 1989. This competition served as a qualifying tournament for 1989 FIBA Under-19 World Championship for Women.


1989 ABC Under-18 Championship for Women
On July 19, 1988, the Basketball Association of the Philippines announced that the Philippines was given hosting rights for the tournament after the country bested bids by Malaysia, Jordan and Thailand for the hosting rights.


1989 ABC Under-18 Championship for Women
China successfully defended their title they won three years ago also held in Manila, this time after defeating South Korea in the championship match.


1989 ABC Under-18 Championship for Women, Format
11 teams took place in this competition. They were divided to Group A of five teams and Group B of six teams. After a round-robin tournament within each group, the first place in Group A faces the second place in Group B in the semi-final and similarly the first place in Group B faces the second place in Group A.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament
The 1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Rotterdam Ahoy in the Netherlands. It was part of the Super Series of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 17th edition of the tournament and was held from 6 February through 12 February 1989. Second-seeded Jakob Hlasek won the singles title.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament, Finals, Doubles
Miloslav Mečíř /  Milan Šrejber defeated  Jan Gunnarsson /  Magnus Gustafsson 7–6, 6–0


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Patrik Kühnen and Tore Meinecke were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Kühnen with Udo Riglewski and Meinecke with Ricki Osterthun.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Kühnen and Riglewski lost in the first round to Darren Cahill and Laurie Warder.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Meinecke and Osterthun lost in the quarterfinals to Jan Gunnarsson and Magnus Gustafsson.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Miloslav Mečíř and Milan Šrejber won in the final 7–6, 6–0 against Gunnarsson and Gustafsson.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Singles
Stefan Edberg was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Singles
Jakob Hlasek won in the final 6–1, 7–5 against Anders Järryd.


1989 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1989 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1989 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Omni Coliseum. North Carolina won the tournament by defeating Duke, 77–74, in the championship game. J. R. Reid of North Carolina was named tournament MVP.


1989 AFC Women's Championship
The Asian Football Confederation's 1989 AFC Women's Championship was held from 19 to 29 December 1989 in Hong Kong. The tournament was won by for the second consecutive time by China in the final against Chinese Taipei.


1989 AMCU-8 Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1989 AMCU-8 Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 6–8, 1989 at the Hammons Student Center at Southwest Missouri State University in Springfield, Missouri.


1989 AMCU-8 Men's Basketball Tournament
SW Missouri State defeated Illinois–Chicago in the title game, 73–67, to win their second AMCU/Summit League championship. The Bears earned an automatic bid to the 1989 Tournament as the #14 seed in the West region where they lost 60–51 in the opening round to eventual national runner-up Seton Hall.


1989 AMCU-8 Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
Seven conference members qualified for the tournament. The top seed, SW Missouri State, was given a bye to the semifinal round. The other six teams were paired in the quarterfinal round with seedings based on regular season record.


1989 ATP Challenger Series
The ATP Challenger Series is the second tier tour for professional tennis organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 1989 ATP Challenger Series calendar comprises 94 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $75,000.


1989 African Championships in Athletics
The 1989 African Championships in Athletics were held in Lagos, Nigeria between 4 and 8 August.


1989 African Cup Winners' Cup
The 1989 season of the African Cup Winners' Cup football club tournament was won by Al Merreikh in two-legged final victory against Bendel United F.C. This was the fifteenth season that the tournament took place for the winners of each African country's domestic cup. Thirty-three sides entered the competition, with UDIB, Al Ahly (Tripoli) and Nakivubo Villa SC all withdrawing before the 1st leg of the first round.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The 1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs was the 25th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CAF region (Africa), the African Cup of Champions Clubs. It determined the 1989 club champion of association football in Africa.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs
Raja Casablanca from Morocco won that final, and became for the first time CAF club champion.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Preliminary round
1: Pan African FC withdrew after first leg. 2 : Benfica de Bissau withdrew.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, First round
AFC Leopards won on away goals after 1–1 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, First round
Zimbabwe Saints won on away goals after 3–3 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, First round
Mighty Blackpool won 5–3 on penalties after 1–1 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, First round
JAC Port-Gentil won 5–3 on penalties after 1–1 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, First round
Al-Mourada SC won on away goals after 2–2 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Second round
Inter Club Brazzaville won 5–4 on penalties after 3–3 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Second round
Raja Casablanca won on away goals after 1–1 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Second round
Zimbabwe Saints won 4–3 on penalties after 1–1 on aggregate.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Top scorers
The top scorers from the 1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs are as follows:


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs Final
The 1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs Final was a football tie held over two legs in December 1989 between Raja Casablanca, and MC Oran.


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs Final, First leg, Match details
Assistant referees:Bakary Sarr (Senegal)Cheikh Djibril MBaye (Senegal)Fourth official:Larbi El Abbasi (Morocco)


1989 African Cup of Champions Clubs Final, Second leg, Match details
Assistant referees:Ali Hussein (Egypt)Yahya El Barbari (Egypt)Fourth official:... ... (...)


1989 African Men's Handball Championship
The 1989 African Men's Handball Championship was the eighth edition of the African Men's Handball Championship, held in Algiers, Algeria, from 17 to 27 July 1989. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 1990 World Championship in Czechoslovakia.


1989 African Men's Handball Championship
In the final, Algeria win their fifth consecutive title beating Egypt in the final game 18–17.


1989 African U-16 Qualifying for World Cup
The 1989 African U-16 Qualifying for World Cup was a qualifying edition organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) into the FIFA U-16 World Championship. The three winners qualified to the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship.


1989 African U-16 Qualifying for World Cup, First round
The first leg matches were played on either 2 or 3 July 1988. The second leg matches were played on either 16 or 24 July 1988. The winners advanced to the Second round.


1989 African U-16 Qualifying for World Cup, Second round
The first leg matches were played on either 2 or 4 September 1988. The second leg matches were played on either 16 or 18 September 1988. The winners advanced to the Third Round.


1989 African U-16 Qualifying for World Cup, Third round
The first leg matches were played on 8 January 1989. The second leg matches were played on 20 January 1989. The winners qualified for the 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship.


1989 African U-16 Qualifying for World Cup, Countries to participate in 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship
The 3 teams which qualified for 1989 FIFA U-16 World Championship.


1989 African Women's Handball Championship
The 1989 African Women's Handball Championship was the eighth edition of the African Women's Handball Championship, held in Algeria from 17 to 27 July 1989. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 1990 World Women's Handball Championship.


1989 African Youth Championship
The African Youth Championship 1989 was contested through home and away matches. It also served as qualification for the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1989 African Youth Championship, Teams
The following teams entered the tournament (and played at least one match):


1989 African Youth Championship, Preliminary round
Central Africa, Mauritania, Mauritius and Kenya withdrew before playing. As a result, Gabon, Algeria, Madagascar and Lesotho advanced to the next round.


1989 African Youth Championship, First round
Madagascar, Somalia and Togo withdrew before playing. As a result, Egypt, Ivory Coast and Lesotho advanced to the next round.


1989 African Youth Championship, Final
Matches were played on 1 January in Bamako, Mali and 14 January in Ibadan, Nigeria.


1989 African Youth Championship, Qualification to World Youth Championship
The two best performing teams qualified for the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1989 Afro-Asian Club Championship
The 1989 Afro-Asian Club Championship, was the 4th Afro-Asian Club Championship competition endorsed by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and Asian Football Confederation (AFC), contested between the winners of the African Champions' Cup and the Asian Club Championship.


1989 Afro-Asian Club Championship
The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between Algerian team ES Sétif the 1988 African Cup of Champions Clubs winner, and Qatari team Al-Sadd, the 1988–89 Asian Club Championship winner.


1989 Afro-Asian Club Championship
The first leg was hosted by ES Sétif at the 17 June Stadium in Constantine on 12 January 1990, while the second leg was hosted by Al-Sadd at Al-Ahly Stadium in Doha on 19 January 1990. ES Sétif won the two legs, with a score on aggregate 5–1.


1989 Afro-Asian Club Championship, Match details, Second leg
Assistant referees:Yusuf Al Sharef (Bahrain)Matar Al Maluth (Bahrain)Fourth official:... ... (...)


1989 Air Canada Cup
The 1989 Air Canada Cup was Canada's 11th annual national midget 'AAA' hockey championship, which was played in April 1989 at Memorial Stadium in St. John's, Newfoundland. In a rematch of the previous year's gold medal game, the Calgary Buffaloes defeated the defending champion Regina Pat Canadians to win the gold medal. The Wexford Raiders from Ontario won the bronze.


1989 Air Force Falcons football team
The 1989 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. In the Ram–Falcon Trophy match, the Falcons beat the Colorado State Rams to win the trophy.


1989 Akron Zips football team
The 1989 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season as Division I-A independents. They were led by fourth-year head coach Gerry Faust. The Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 6–4–1.


1989 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 1989 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA", "Bama" or "The Tide") represented the University of Alabama in the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 97th overall and 56th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Bill Curry, in his third year, and played their home games at both Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of ten wins and two losses (10–2 overall, 6–1 in the SEC), as SEC Co-Champions and with a loss in the Sugar Bowl against national championship winner Miami.


1989 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
Alabama won its first ten games en route to its best record since 1980 and first SEC championship since 1981 season, its 19th overall. Highlights of the season included a 62–27 victory over Ole Miss after falling behind 21–0, a 47–30 victory over Tennessee in a match of unbeatens, and a 17–16 victory over Penn State in which Alabama blocked an 18-yard field goal try with 13 seconds left in the game for the win. The 32-16 win at LSU featured a first for the Crimson Tide, as Alabama safety Lee Ozmint scored the first ever defensive two-point conversion in school history on a 100-yard interception return of an LSU two-point conversion attempt.


1989 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
However, in the season finale against Auburn—the first Iron Bowl ever played in Auburn, Alabama—the Tigers beat Alabama 30–20. As a result, Alabama, Auburn and Tennessee finished in a three-way tie for the conference championship. Alabama would however receive the conference's Sugar Bowl berth.


1989 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
In the Sugar Bowl Miami would defeat Alabama 33–25 and be named national champions.


1989 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
In the week after the Sugar Bowl loss, on January 7, 1990, Bill Curry resigned his position to take the head coaching job at Kentucky.


1989 Alaska Air Force season
The 1989 Alaska Air Force season was the 4th season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Occurrences
Going into their April 13 do-or-die encounter for the last semifinals berth against Añejo Rum 65, coach William "Bogs" Adornado was asked not to sit on the Alaska bench, the Airmen had an "open coaching among players" during that game with assistant Aric del Rosario and team owner Wilfred Uytengsu calling the shots. The next day in a meeting between Adornado, team manager Joel Aquino and owner Wilfred Uytengsu, Adornado was advised by the Alaska management to resign and gave up his position. In a letter of resignation, Adornado accepted responsibility for the team's dismal showing but blamed the management for their failure to get the services of a suitable import, Aquino handled the team starting the semifinals and for the rest of the first conference.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Occurrences
Tim Cone, a member of the vintage panelists, guided the Airmen to a third-place finish in the Open Conference and soon accepted coaching chores for Alaska starting the Fiesta All-Filipino.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Notable dates
March 21: Alaska snapped a four-game losing skein with a 105-104 squeaker over Añejo Rum 65. Rookie Elmer Cabahug banged in a 15-foot jumper in the last five seconds to salvage the victory and dealt Añejo its fourth loss in five outings.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Notable dates
March 28: Rookies Paul Alvarez and Ricric Marata didn't disappoint when the Milkmen preserve a 131-129 victory over Purefoods for their second win in a row. The Hotdogs came back from 20 points down in the last four minutes and Alaska coach Bogs Adornado failed to call a timeout on time when Purefoods gunner Al Solis sunk a three-pointer that closed the gap at 125-127 with 31 seconds left. Alaska import Carl Lott scored his highest output of 40 points in six games he played.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Notable dates
April 4: Sean Chambers, who first came to the Philippines two years ago as part of the IBA selection and who replaces Carl Lott, scored five of Alaska's 10 points in the last 1:18 as they roll back Presto Ice Cream, 124-120, to register their third win against five losses.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Notable dates
April 13: Alaska Milk overwhelmed Añejo Rum, 133-120, in the playoff for the fifth and last seat in the semifinal round.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Notable dates
August 13: Alaska did a favor for San Miguel and Purefoods with its 105-97 win over Añejo that dashed the finals hopes of the 65ers. Milkmen Willie Pearson provided the big difference in the last 1:20 with his three-pointer and his daring drive off Dante Gonzalgo for a 102-97 advantage.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Notable dates
October 3: Paul Alvarez scored 41 points and Elmer Cabahug added 30 points as Alaska bounced back from their opening night loss to Shell two days ago at the start of the Third Conference with a 141-128 victory over Presto Tivolis.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Notable dates
October 17: Alaska scored an easy 144-119 victory over Purefoods, giving the Hotdogs their first loss in five games.


1989 Alaska Air Force season, Roster
Assistant Coach: Januario Del Rosario / Vincent Reyes Team Manager: Joel Aquino


1989 Albanian Supercup
Albanian Supercup 1989 is the first edition of the Albanian Supercup since its establishment in 1989. The match was contested between the 1988–89 Albanian Cup winners Dinamo Tirana and the 1988–89 Albanian Superliga champions KF Tirana.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election
The 1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, formally the 1st Alberta Senate nominee election of Alberta was held on October 16, 1989 to nominate appointments to the Senate of Canada. The Senate nominee election was held in conjunction with Alberta municipal elections under the Local Authorities Election Act, and resulted in the first Canadian Senator appointed following a popular election.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election
The vote was held along municipal electoral boundaries, but conducted by Elections Alberta. Candidates were registered with provincial parties.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election
Stan Waters, nominated by the Reform Party, won the election, and was subsequently appointed to the Senate.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background
The Government of Alberta under Premier Peter Lougheed had taken a position on Senate reform through balanced provincial membership and elected representatives as a mechanism to balance regional interests. In 1983, the Legislative Assembly of Alberta established the Select Special Committee on Upper House Reform, the Committee's 1985 report Strengthening Canada: Reform of Canada's Senate served as the basis for provincial calls for reform in the 1980s.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background
The Government of Alberta under Premier Don Getty had made vailed statements in the late-1980s about holding a province-wide election to select nominees for the Senate with the expectation that Meech Lake Accord would be ratified and the Prime Minister would make appointments to the Senate on the basis of names submitted by each province's premier.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background
Additional credibility for the Senate nominee election came when sitting Solicitor General Marvin Moore announced he was leaving politics in February 1989 to contest the Senate nominee election prior to the 1989 Alberta general election, this announcement was followed by a similar announcement by Deputy Premier Dave Russell. The Senate nominee election was featured in the Speech from the Throne in February 1989 for the fourth session of the 21st Alberta Legislature, but died on the order paper when the Legislature was dissolved to hold an early provincial election. The Progressive Conservative government campaigned on Senate reform during the election in the face of waning popularity with Alberta's financial difficulties relating to the drop in oil prices, collapse of the Principal Group and concerns over Getty's leadership.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background
The Progressive Conservative government was re-elected with a lower portion of the popular vote, while Premier Don Getty lost in his own riding and was subsequently elected to the Legislature in a by-election. The bill was reintroduced in the June 1989 during the 22nd Alberta Legislature and received royal assent on August 18. The bill which permitted the vote to take place during the October 1989 Alberta municipal elections.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background
While Prime Minister Brian Mulroney was supportive of provincially nominated Senators, he did not support the concept of an election that would provide only a single name for the Prime Minister to consider.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background, Candidates
The Reform Party of Canada was eager to participate in the Senate nominee election, and federal party leaders created the Reform Party of Alberta in 1989 with the purpose of participating in the Senate nominee election, and not the Alberta general elections. A nomination meeting was scheduled in Red Deer for August 28, 1989 with each of the 26 federal constituency associations of the Reform Party in Alberta eligible to send 10 voting delegates to suggest names of candidates.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background, Candidates
The nomination was a major success for the Reform Party as a majority of the 26 constituency associations sent the maximum of 10 candidates. Retired Lieutenant-general Stan Waters gave a passionate speech criticizing out of control federal spending and announced his goal in the Senate would be to "carve into the hearts of every Ottawa politician the words 'Cut Spending'". Waters won the Reform Party nomination on the first ballot, defeating Edmonton Alderman Robert Matheson and Calgary lawyers Murray Smith and Victor Burstall.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background, Candidates
The Reform Party was well organized with Diane Ablonczy, Jim Denis and Preston Manning guiding the campaign, and the party budgeting for the Senate nominee election exceeded $250,000, with $80,000 destined for television advertising. The results of this effort were the Reform Party candidate Waters receiving a majority of the votes in rural Alberta and Calgary, and finishing second in Edmonton. University of Lethbridge political scientist Faron Ellis credits the 1989 Senate nominee election with lending creditability to the upstart Reform Party prior to the 1993 Canadian general election.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background, Candidates
The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta had three candidates contest the party's nomination, former Solicitor General Marvin Moore, Triple-E Senate campaigner Bert Brown and Brian Heidecker. The nomination convention was scheduled for September 16, and Moore dropped out to support Brown who won the nomination when 10,000 party members voted. Brown's candidacy was undermined by Progressive Conservative Party of Canada Members of Parliament urging Albertans not to participate in the election. Furthermore, Brown's popularity was hurt through his conservative association with Mulroney's government which was in the process of introducing the Goods and services tax.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background, Candidates
The Liberal Party of Alberta saw Bill Code acclaimed as the candidate in mid-September when sitting MLA Nicholas Taylor declined to contest the nomination, which would have required him to resign from the Legislature. Code described himself as centralist who saw the importance of a "strong central government" but also believed "regions should be strong". Code was a former Liberal Party candidate in the 1984 Canadian federal election, and served as the head of the inquiry into the Principal Group, a group of financial companies based in Edmonton which failed in 1987 resulting in losses to 67,000 people.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background, Candidates
The New Democratic Party of Alberta decided not to field a candidate in the Senate nominee election.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Background, Candidates
Three independent candidates participated in the Senate nominee election. Former Progressive Conservative MLA Tom Sindlinger, an economist known for being expelled from the Progressive Conservative Party by Premier Peter Lougheed over his views on constitutional reform in 1980. The second independent, Kenneth Paproski a physician, and former Progressive Conservative MLA for 11 years. The third independent was Irricana newspaper publisher Gladys Taylor.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Aftermath
On October 17, 1989, one day after the Senate nominee election, Mulroney stated he was not bound to appoint a Senator by the results of the election, and instead intended to follow the process in the Meech Lake Accord. Getty responded to the comments by Mulroney by stating he would provide a list to the Prime Minister with a single name, Waters. Prime Minister Brian Mulroney had criticized the electoral process, although he nonetheless made a public announcement agreeing to advise Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn to appoint Waters to the Canadian Senate on June 11, 1990.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Aftermath
Mulroney's decision came after pressure from Premier Getty and Reform Party Member of Parliament Deborah Grey. The agreement struck between Mulroney and Getty to appoint Waters to the Senate included a promise that Alberta would not hold another Senate nominee election for at least five years, and a newly established commission would study Senate reform. This agreement was despite the fact Alberta Senator Martha Bielish was set to hit mandatory retirement age in October 1990. Mulroney stated he would not appoint another elected Senator in Canada until after the commission had completed it's study on Senate reform.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Aftermath
The appointment was celebrated by opposition parties including New Democratic MP Ross Harvey (Edmonton East), and Liberal Senator Joyce Fairbairn as the first Senator elected in a free and fair manner.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Aftermath
Waters time in the Senate was cut short when he was diagnosed with brain Cancer in the Summer of 1991, and died months later in Calgary on September 25, 1991 at the age of 71, four years before the mandatory retirement age for Canadian Senators.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Aftermath
After appointing Waters, Mulroney went on to appoint two more Senators from Alberta, neither of which participated in the Senate nominee election. Walter Patrick Twinn was appointed September 27, 1990 to replace Martha Bielish who retired at the age of 75. Ron Ghitter was appointed on March 25, 1993 to replace Waters after his death.


1989 Alberta Senate nominee election, Aftermath
Prime Minister Jean Chrétien appointed four Senators from Alberta prior to the 1998 Alberta Senate nominee election, including Nicholas Taylor on March 7, 1996, Jean Forest on May 17, 1996, Thelma Chalifoux on November 26, 1997, and Douglas Roche. Roche, a former Member of Parliament for the Progressive Conservative Party was appointed to the Senate on September 17, 1998, one month before the 1998 Alberta Senate nominee election was held. Former Prime Minister Joe Clark criticized the appointment as a "cynical, provocative and wrong". Alberta Premier Ralph Klein penned an open letter to Chrétien criticizing the appointment and calling for Senate reform. Klein went on to criticize Chrétien stating "the prime minister of this country is saying that democracy is a joke".


1989 Alberta general election
The 1989 Alberta general election was held on March 20, 1989, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.


1989 Alberta general election
Many political observers were surprised by the early election call as less than three years had passed since the previous election. Premier Don Getty, in his second election as Progressive Conservative Party leader, led it to its sixth consecutive term in government. Despite losing a significant share of the popular vote, the PC's benefited from a split vote between the two main opponents Liberals and NDP and sustained a net loss of only two seats in the legislature. Most notably, the premier lost his own seat of Edmonton-Whitemud to Liberal candidate Percy Wickman.


1989 Alberta general election
The PC's were reduced to just two seats in Edmonton, however despite their losses in urban areas they remained largely dominant in Calgary while their losses were somewhat offset by gains in rural areas, notably at the expense of the moribund Representative Party. Getty himself would quickly return to the Legislature by winning a by-election in a safe rural seat.


1989 Alberta general election
The New Democratic Party led by Ray Martin largely held its share of the popular vote, with its gains being balanced by its losses and the party left with the same number of seats (16) as in the previous in the legislature.


1989 Alberta general election
The Liberal Party, under new leader Laurence Decore, was the principal beneficiary of the voters' continuing distrust of Don Getty. The Liberals' share of the popular vote increased to over 28%, more than the NDP, but whereas the NDP continued to dominate in Edmonton the Liberal vote was more evenly distributed and the party's legislative caucus increased from four to only eight members.


1989 Alberta general election
The Representative Party, which had elected 2 candidates in the previous election, did not run any candidates in 1989 (although it remained registered). Leader Ray Speaker defected to the Progressive Conservatives, while Walt Buck retired. The party disbanded soon after the election.


1989 Alberta general election, Results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1989 Algerian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Algeria on 23 February 1989. Coming after the 1988 October Riots, the new constitution removed references to socialism and allowed for multi-party democracy. Despite calls for a boycott by radical Islamists and opposition from trade unions and FLN members, the amendments were approved by 73.4% of voters with a 79% turnout. Local elections were scheduled for the following year, with parliamentary elections to be held in 1991.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash
On 13 August 1989, two hot air balloons collided near Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia, causing one to crash to the ground, killing thirteen people. It was the world's deadliest ever ballooning disaster until February 2013, when a balloon accident near Luxor, Egypt killed 19 people. As of July 2016, it remains the deadliest ever ballooning accident in Australia, and the third-deadliest worldwide, surpassed only by the Egypt crash and a balloon accident in Texas in 2016 that claimed the lives of 16 people.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Accident
The flight took off at Santa Teresa Road, 29 kilometres south east of Alice Springs.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Accident
The accident was the result of a mid-air collision at 6:38 am, local time. One balloon ascended, colliding with another balloon above it. The envelope of the lower balloon engulfed the basket of the upper balloon, causing a tear in the envelope. The lower balloon hovered briefly, before rapidly deflating and plunging to the ground at high speed, killing its pilot and all twelve passengers. One body was reportedly thrown clear of the basket. The pilot had turned off the gas burners before impact. The male pilot and ten of the passengers were Australian. Six of the passengers were male and six female. One male passenger was Danish and another male passenger was an Italian who lived in Monaco. All of the passengers were adults.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Accident
The descent reportedly lasted 51 seconds. Witness statements said the balloon "folded and fell to earth" and that it "fell to the ground like a streamer". A tourist in another balloon said,


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Accident
"I could see one of the balloons rising quite fast under another balloon. The lower balloon came up and hit the other one. Its top was touching the basket and it was shaking the passengers around. A rip appeared at the top of the balloon and it started to move away. It wasn't a very rapid movement. It moved away slowly but you knew it was in trouble. The pilot tried frantically to blast hot air into the stricken 'chute as the balloon lost height but there didn't appear to be any panic."


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Accident
The tear in the stricken balloon's red and black envelope was described as being the size of a bed sheet, and the balloon crashed between two small trees in open scrubland about 16 kilometres from Alice Springs Airport.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Accident
Another news report said that ten bodies, arms interlinked, were found in the balloon's gondola. Three others were nearby in the sand, having apparently been ejected. Four balloons were in the air at the time of the accident. The pilot of one of the other balloons had made a radio call to alert the emergency services. Passengers of the other balloons were treated in hospital for shock on their return to Alice Springs.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Investigation
The Bureau of Air Safety Investigation (BASI) found that the operator of the upper balloon, the operator of the ballooning company to which both balloons belonged, had failed to give way to the lower balloon as required by the company's operations manual. The investigation report said that the upper balloon was found to be missing the mandatory instrument package and that its pilot had refused to cooperate with investigators. Both balloons were fitted with ultra high frequency radios operating on the same channel, but neither pilot contacted the other.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Investigation
The investigation found also that the pilot of the lower balloon, which crashed, had failed to properly assess the position of the upper balloon before ascending in close proximity to it. The investigation reported that the balloon plunged 2000 feet. The report said safety measures flowing from its investigation were now being implemented and that the Civil Aviation Authority should improve surveillance.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Aftermath
In 1992, the Northern Territory Supreme Court sentenced the pilot of the upper balloon, Michael Sanby, to two years' jail, with an eight-month non-parole period, after an eight-man, four-woman jury had found him guilty of committing a dangerous act. He was found not guilty on 13 charges of manslaughter. The charge of committing a "dangerous act" was reported at the time as being unique to the Northern Territory.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Aftermath
The judge found that the pilot had "failed to keep a proper lookout for a period of 30 seconds (during which the other balloon was hidden from view) and that the failure seriously endangered the lives of those below". During his 13-week trial, the court was told that Sanby had outlaid about $1 million of borrowed money to get into the new commercial hot-air ballooning industry, and that business at Toddy's Safari Ballooning was booming.


1989 Alice Springs hot air balloon crash, Aftermath
Sanby was imprisoned for five years for fraud connected to a separate business endeavour, in the District Court of Gympie, Queensland, in August 2014.


1989 All England Open Badminton Championships
The 1989 Yonex All England Open Championships was the 79th edition held in 1989, at Wembley Arena, London. In the men's singles defending champion Ib Frederiksen was eliminated in the first round.


1989 All Japan Sports Prototype Car Endurance Championship
The 1989 All Japan Sports Prototype Car Endurance Championship was the seventh season of the All Japan Sports Prototype Championship. The 1989 champion was the #25 Advan Alpha Nova Porsche 962C driven by Kunimitsu Takahashi.


1989 All-American Bowl
The 1989 All-American Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Duke Blue Devils and Texas Tech Red Raiders.


1989 All-American Bowl, Background
Both teams had bowl win droughts of over 15 years, with Duke not having a bowl game in 28 years and Texas Tech not winning one in 16 years. Duke was (co) champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference with Virginia (the only team to beat Duke in ACC play that year) for the first time since 1962, which was also the last time they had gone to a bowl game. As for Texas Tech, they were 4th place in the Southwest Conference, in their first bowl game since 1986.


1989 All-American Bowl, Game summary, Fourth Quarter
James Gray ran for 280 yards on 33 carries.| source =


1989 All-American Bowl, Aftermath
Spurrier left for his alma mater of Florida after the game. The Blue Devils did not reach a bowl game again until 1995. Texas Tech was not invited to a bowl again until 1993.


1989 All-Big Eight Conference football team
The 1989 All-Big Eight Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. The selectors for the 1989 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1989 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1989 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen as All-Big Ten Conference players for the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1989 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UPI


1989 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 58th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.


1989 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
Kerry entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Offaly in the All-Ireland semi-final.


1989 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
On 17 September 1989, Derry won the championship following a 3-9 to 1-6 defeat of Offaly in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title and their first title in six championship seasons.


1989 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 59th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1982. The championship began on 19 April 1989 and ended on 3 September 1989.


1989 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
Kilkenny entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Offaly in the Leinster final.


1989 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
On 3 September 1989, Offaly won the championship following a 2-16 to 1-12 defeat of Clare in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first title since 1987.


1989 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship of 1989 was the 16th staging of Ireland's secondary hurling knock-out competition. Kildare won the championship, beating London 1-13 to 1-12 in the final at St. Conleth's Park, Newbridge.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was won by Killkenny who defeated Cork by an eight-point margin in the final. The match drew an attendance of 3,024 and marked Angela Downey’s ninth All Ireland medal.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Semi-finals
A great display from Betty Joyce and second half goals from Geraldine McCarthy, Betty Joyce and Cathy Landers helped Cork defeat Wexford in the semi-final. Angela Downey scored 2–3 and Ann Downey 1–4 in Kilkenny’s comprehensive 27-point victory over Dublin also at the semi-final stage.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Cork tried a tactical innovation, a sweeper, in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park on September 24th. Kilkenny played with the wind but their half time lead was down to an Angela Downey goal which was secured with a poor shot for which Marina McCarthy was unsighted. Within 15 second so the restart Linda Mellerick reduced Kilkenny’s lead to one point. Angela Downey kicked a second goal and Ann Downey drove a fifteen-metre free into a crowded goalmouth. The shot was parried but Ann followed up to drive the ball home. Pat Roche wrote in the Irish Times: “the final score tends to flatter Cork who trailed 3–10 to 1–5 in the closing minutes.”


1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Kilkenny’s second goal
Kilkenny’s second goal was one of the most famous in camogie history for the wrong reasons. A shot from Angela Downey took a deflection to place it out of the reach of Cork goalie, Marion McCarthy, Angela raced in to rob Marion McCarthy of possession, Liz O’Neill’s desperation tackle only succeeded in removing Downey’s skirt. “Marion got the hurl, Liz got the skirt and I still scored,” she said afterwards, as unperturbed, she went on to race past two defenders to kick the ball into the Cork and celebrated the goal, skirtless. “luckily I had the regulation black knickers or I would have been suspended,” she joked afterwards.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The skirt
The footage and photographs of Angela Downey losing her skirt as she scored the final goal were the subject of comment and some controversy pertaining to the coverage of women’s sports. Speaking of the incident twenty years later Angela Downey said “the only time I ever made the front page of the Irish Times it was because I had lost my skirt.“ She was referring to a photograph of the event by Peter Thursfield which was to become one of the most famous in the history of the game.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 58th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
Dublin had an easy eight point win, Angela Downey scoring 2-1 (losing her skirt while scoring one goal).


1989 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park on 17 March 1989 to determine the winners of the 1988–89 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the 19th season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion clubs of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Buffers Alley of Wexford and O'Donovan Rossa of Antrim, with Buffers Alley winning by 2-12 to 0-12.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
The All-Ireland final was a unique occasion as it was the first ever championship meeting between Buffer's Alley and O'Donovan Rossa. It remains their only championship meeting at this level. Both sides were hoping to make history by winning their first All-Ireland title.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
O'Donovan Rossa took a five-point lead, however, they were eventually reeled in, starting with a Séamus O'Leary goal. The goalkeeping heroics of veteran Henry Butler saved Buffer's Alley on more than one occasion, while full-forward Tony Doran, in his 43rd year, greatly contributed to the victory.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
Victory for Buffer's Alley secured their first All-Ireland title. They became the 13th club to win the All-Ireland title, while they remain the only Wexford representatives to claim the ultimate prize.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 103rd staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 14 May 1989 and ended on 17 September 1989.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Meath were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Dublin in the Leinster final.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
On 17 September 1989, Cork won the championship following a 0-17 to 1-11 defeat of Mayo in the All-Ireland final. This was their 5th All-Ireland title, their first in sixteen championship seasons.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Mayo's Michael Fitzmaurice was the championship's top scorer with 0-32. Cork's Teddy McCarthy was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was a Gaelic football match played at Croke Park on 17 September 1989 to determine the winners of the 1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the 103rd season of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champions of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Mayo of Connacht and Cork of Munster, with Cork winning by 0-17 to 1-11.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
In what is regarded as one of the best and most entertaining finals of its era, the Cork and Mayo All-Ireland decider provided "great fun at a time when football badly needed some".< Cork entered the game hoping to avoid the unwanted accolade of becoming the first team in almost fifty years to lose three successive All-Ireland finals. Inspired by this they got off to a great start with three quick points before Mayo settled into the match. At half time Cork led by 0-10 to 0-8.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Mayo were rejuvenated after the interval. An Anthony Finnerty goal in the 38th minute gave Mayo a brief lead. Finnerty’s goal looked as though it might swing the tide in Mayo’s favour. Cork hit back to equalize through Dave Barry and a brace of scores from John Cleary handed the Rebels the initiative. Mayo's Noel Durkan set Finnerty free again minutes later, however, in a key turning point of the game, he planted his shot into the side-netting. Mayo failed to score for the last sixteen minutes as Mick McCarthy and Teddy McCarthy kicked over the final points of the game.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Cork's All-Ireland victory was their first since 1973. The win gave them their fifth All-Ireland title over all and put them joint fourth on the all-time roll of honour along with Meath, Cavan and Wexford.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Mayo were appearing in their first All-Ireland final since they triumphed in 1951. Defeat at the hands of Cork was the first of ten All-Ireland defeats without victory between 1989 and 2020.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1989 was the 103rd staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Tipperary won the championship, beating Antrim 4-24 to 3-9 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format, Overview
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1989 was run on a provincial basis as usual. It was a knockout tournament with pairings drawn at random in the respective provinces - there were no seeds.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format, Overview
Each match was played as a single leg. If a match was drawn there was a replay, however, if both sides were still level at the end of that game another replay had to take place until a winner was eventually decided.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format, Overview
The format for the All-Ireland series of games ran as follows:


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Broadcasting
The following matches were broadcast live on television in Ireland on RTÉ. In the United Kingdom Channel 4 broadcast live coverage of the All-Ireland final. Highlights of a number of other games were shown on The Sunday Game.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 102nd All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 3 September 1989, between Tipperary, managed by Bab's Keating and Antrim, managed by Jim Nelson. The game was shown live in Ireland on Network 2 with match commentary provided by Ger Canning and comments throughout provided by Jimmy Magee. The Ulster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 4-24 to 3-9.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
Tipperary had led at half time by 1-13 to 0-5 with their goal coming from Declan Ryan who scored when his high long range shot for a point hit the hurley of the Antrim goalkeeper Niall Patterson on its way into the net after 18 minutes.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The game is notable for a number of reasons. This was Antrim's second ever appearance in an All-Ireland final, some forty-six years after they lost to Cork at the same stage of the championship. Nicky English set a scoring record for a single player in the modern era as he notched up 2-12 to win his first All-Ireland Senior medal. The victory for Tipperary, eighteen years after their last in 1971, also preserved the county's unique record of winning an All-Ireland title in every decade of the GAA's existence. Tipperary were captained by Bobby Ryan.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final was the sixteenth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1989 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship, an inter-county ladies' Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1989 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final
Wexford scored the first point but Kerry hit six without reply and won in the end without great exertion. Margaret Lawlor-Slattery scored 0–8.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 26th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
Offaly entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kildare in a replay of the Leinster semi-final.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
On 21 May 1989, Cork won the championship following a 2-8 to 1-10 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their eighth All-Ireland title overall and their first in three championship seasons.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 7 June 1989 and ended on 10 September 1989.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in a Munster semi-final replay.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
On 10 September 1989, Tipperary won the championship following a 4-10 to 3-11 defeat of Offaly in the All-Ireland final. This was their seventh All-Ireland title overall and their first title since 1985.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
Tipperary's Dan Quirke was the championship's top scorer with 7-08.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
The 1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at O'Moore Park, Portlaoise on 10 September 1989 to determine the winners of the 1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the 26th season of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Tipperary of Munster and Offaly of Leinster, with Tipperary winning by 4-10 to 3-11.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
The All-Ireland final between Tipperary and Offaly was the first championship meeting between the two teams. It remains their only clash in the under-21 grade. Tipperary were appearing in their eighth final in twelve years and were hoping to win their first title since 1985. Offaly were appearing in their very first All-Ireland final.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
Tipperary's All-Ireland victory was their fourth since the start of the decade. The win gave them seventh All-Ireland title overall.


1989 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
Offaly's All-Ireland defeat was the first of three defeats in four years..


1989 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team
The 1989 All-Pacific-10 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific-10 Conference teams for the 1989 college football season.


1989 All-Pro Team
The 1989 All-Pro Team is composed of the National Football League players that were named to the Associated Press, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Pro Football Writers Association,   Pro Football Weekly and The Sporting News  in 1989. Both first- and second- teams are listed for the AP and NEA teams. These are the five teams that are included in Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League.


1989 All-Pro Team, Key
AP = Associated Press All-Pro team; AP-2 Associated Press Second-team All-Pro; PFWA = Pro Football Writers Association All-Pro team; NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association All-Pro team; NEA-2 Newspaper Enterprise Association Second-team All-Pro; PFW = Pro Football Weekly All-Pro team; TSN = The Sporting News All-Pro team; t = players tied in selection


1989 All-SEC football team
The 1989 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1989 All-SEC football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UPI


1989 Allan Cup
The 1989 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1988-89 Senior "AAA" season. The event was hosted by the Thunder Bay Twins in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The 1989 tournament marked the 81st time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.


1989 Allsvenskan, Overview
The league was contested by 12 teams, with Malmö FF winning the league and IFK Norrköping winning the Swedish championship after the play-offs.


1989 Allsvenskan, 1989 Allsvenskan play-offs
The 1989 Allsvenskan play-offs was the eight edition of the competition. The four best placed teams from Allsvenskan qualified to the competition. League runners-up IFK Norrköping won the competition and the Swedish championship after defeating Allsvenskan champions Malmö FF. The champion was determined by a final in best of three matches in contrast to previous years.


1989 Aloha Bowl
The 1989 Jeep-Eagle Aloha Bowl was a college football bowl game, played as part of the 1989-90 bowl game schedule of the 1989 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the eighth Aloha Bowl. It was played on December 25, 1989, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The game matched the Hawaii Rainbows against the Michigan State Spartans, and was televised on ABC. The game marked the first ever bowl appearance for Hawaii. Michigan State won the 1989 contest 33–13.


1989 Aloha Bowl
The game was notable for the offensive struggles of the Rainbow Warriors in committing seven fumbles and four interceptions. Blake Ezor would star for the Spartans in being selected as the game's MVP with 41 carries for 179 yards and three touchdowns.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Combined, Final point standings
In Men's Combined World Cup 1988/89 all three results count.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Combined, Men's Combined Team Results
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Downhill, Men's Downhill Team Results
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Giant Slalom, Final point standings
In Men's Giant Slalom World Cup 1988/89 all results count.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Giant Slalom, Men's Giant Slalom Team Results
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Overall
In Men's Overall World Cup 1988/89 all results count. The parallel slalom did not count for the Overall World Cup. Marc Girardelli won his third Overall World Cup.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Overall
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Slalom, Men's Slalom Team Results
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Super G, Final point standings
In Men's Super G World Cup 1988/89 all four results count.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Men's Super G, Men's Super G Team Results
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Combined, Women's Combined Team Results
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Downhill, Final point standings
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Giant Slalom, Final point standings
In Women's Giant Slalom World Cup 1988/89 all results count.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Giant Slalom, Final point standings
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Overall
In Women's Overall World Cup 1988/89 all results count. The parallel slalom did not count for the Overall World Cup.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Overall
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Slalom, Final point standings
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Super G, Final point standings
In Women's Super G World Cup 1988/89 all four results count.


1989 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's Super G, Final point standings
Overall | Downhill | Super G | Giant Slalom | Slalom | Combined


1989 American League Championship Series
The 1989 American League Championship Series was played between the Oakland Athletics and the Toronto Blue Jays from October 3 to 8. A dominant Oakland team took the Series four games to one, en route to a sweep of their cross-bay rivals, the San Francisco Giants, in a World Series marred by the destructive Loma Prieta earthquake.


1989 American League Championship Series, Background
The Athletics finished the 1989 regular season as the best overall team in baseball, with a 99–63 record (.611). They easily won the American League West division title by seven games over the Kansas City Royals. The Blue Jays finished the 1989 regular season with an 89–73 record (.549). However, their winning of the American League East division title was by a much narrower margin: only two games over the Baltimore Orioles.


1989 American League Championship Series, Summary
The ALCS began with Games 1 and 2 being played at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, with the Athletics winning both. The Series then shifted to the SkyDome in Toronto, where the Blue Jays managed a win in Game 3 before losing Games 4 and 5 to Oakland. Athletics ace Dave Stewart earned two wins (in Games 1 and 5), while closer Dennis Eckersley saved three games (Games 2, 4, and 5) to send Oakland to the World Series.


1989 American League Championship Series, Summary
Athletics left fielder Rickey Henderson was named the ALCS MVP. During the Series, Henderson had doubled, tripled, hit two home runs (in Game 4), and drove in 5 runs.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
Tuesday, October 3, 1989, at Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
The A's went off as heavy favorites largely due to their status as defending American League champions. The Blue Jays had been in second place much of the year before catching and passing the Baltimore Orioles on the final weekend of the season. Both teams threw their aces against each other, as Dave Stewart, the 20-game winner, took the mound for Oakland against Dave Stieb for Toronto.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
In the bottom of the first inning, Rickey Henderson set the tone by walking and stealing second. Although he was stranded at third, it was a mere prelude of what was to come. In the top of the second inning, George Bell singled and went to third on a single by Tony Fernández. Fernandez stole second, and Bell scored on a sacrifice fly by Ernie Whitt. Nelson Liriano then singled home Fernandez to give the Jays a 2–0 lead.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
In the bottom half of the inning, Dave Henderson homered to cut the lead in half, but in the top of the fourth, Whitt drove in his second run of the game with a homer that gave the Blue Jays a 3–1 lead. In the fifth, Carney Lansford singled and stole second on a José Canseco strikeout. He came home on Dave Parker's single to make it 3–2. The game then turned in the bottom of the sixth.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
Mark McGwire tied the game with a homer to lead off the bottom of the sixth. Then, after Tony Phillips reached with one out, Blue Jays manager Cito Gaston pulled Stieb and replaced him with the recently acquired Jim Acker. Phillips stole second and stayed on an infield single by Mike Gallego, and Acker then hit Rickey Henderson with a pitch to load the bases with one out. Needing a double play to get out of the inning, Acker did his job by inducing Carney Lansford to ground to Fernandez. He got the first out by firing to Liriano at second, but Rickey Henderson upended Liriano, who threw the ball into the stands, scoring both Phillips and Gallego to give the A's their first lead of the game, 5–3.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
It stayed that way until the bottom of the eighth, when Blue Jays reliever Duane Ward replaced Acker. After striking out Terry Steinbach, Ward walked Phillips. Gallego hit a double in the gap, but a perfect relay nailed Phillips at the plate for the second out while Gallego moved to third. Rickey Henderson then walked and stole second, and Gallego scored on a wild pitch by Ward. On the wild pitch, Henderson moved to third and subsequently scored on Lansford's single. The game was now out of reach, 7–3, as the A's prevailed to take Game 1. Henderson walked twice and reached as a hit batsman, stole two bases, and scored a run. Stewart got the win while Stieb was saddled with the loss.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Wednesday, October 4, 1989, at Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Game 2 saw the A's throw their number two starter, Mike Moore, against the Blue Jays' Todd Stottlemyre. All was quiet until the top of the third when the Blue Jays' Lloyd Moseby scored after singling, moving to second on a single and third on an error and coming home on a fielder's choice ground out to make it 1–0. The A's captured the lead in the bottom of the fourth with the 'Rickey Rally,' a familiar run-scoring method of bygone years. Rickey Henderson singled, stole second and then third, and came home on Carney Lansford's single to tie the game. Lansford then scored on Mark McGwire's double to give the A's a 2–1 lead. The game stayed close until the sixth.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
In the bottom of the sixth, Dave Parker led off with a home run. After McGwire singled, Cito Gaston pulled Stottlemyre in favor of Jim Acker. Acker then gave up a double to Dave Henderson and a single to Tony Phillips that scored two more runs and made it a 5–1 Oakland lead. Gaston pulled Acker and replaced him with David Wells, who got the final two outs of the inning, but the game was for all intents and purposes over.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Another 'Rickey Rally' ensued in the seventh when Henderson walked, stole second, stole third, and scored on an error by Fred McGriff. In doing this, Henderson became the first player ever to steal four bases in a postseason game. The steal of third elicited a reaction from Blue Jays third baseman Kelly Gruber when Henderson walked the last several steps to the base because the catcher didn't throw. Gruber accused Henderson of showing up the Blue Jays in the post-game interview. Henderson's run made it 6–1 Oakland.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
The Blue Jays put together a mini-rally in the eighth when they loaded the bases against Rick Honeycutt with nobody out and A.L. home run champion Fred McGriff at the plate. The A's countered by bringing in Dennis Eckersley, who minimized the damage by yielding a one-run single to McGriff and then giving up another run on a double play. Eckersley retired the Jays in order in the ninth, and the A's won 6–3 to go up two games to none in the series. Moore was the winning pitcher, Stottlemyre the loser, and Eckersley got his fifth save in his last five chances in the ALCS dating back to 1988.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
The two teams arrived in Canada for the first-ever post-season game in the new Toronto Skydome. The A's were looking to take a commanding 3–0 series lead while the Blue Jays needed a win to get back into the series. The game pitted Storm Davis against Blue Jays starter Jimmy Key. As was the case in the first two games, the team that scored first lost.


1989 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
The A's scored in the top of the first without benefit of a hit. Key walked both Rickey Henderson and Carney Lansford. Henderson moved up on Canseco's fly out and scored on McGwire's sacrifice fly to give the A's a 1–0 lead. In the third, Henderson continued his series dominance by doubling, stealing third (his seventh steal of the series in just 21 innings), and scoring on a Lansford single to give the A's a 2–0 lead. When Dave Parker homered in the fourth, the A's had a 3–0 lead to go with their series momentum.