1985 Vuelta a Murcia
The 1985 Vuelta a Murcia was the first professional edition of the Vuelta a Murcia cycle race and was held on 26 February to 3 March 1985. The race started and finished in Murcia. The race was won by José Recio.


1985 WAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1985 Western Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 4–7 at the Special Events Center in El Paso, Texas.


1985 WAC Men's Basketball Tournament
In their first season in the WAC, San Diego State defeated defending champions UTEP in the championship game, 87–81, to clinch their first WAC men's tournament championship.


1985 WAC Men's Basketball Tournament
The Aztecs, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Tournament while top-seeded UTEP additionally received an at-large bid.


1985 WAC Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The tournament expanded by one team with the addition of San Diego State from the PCAA.


1985 WAC Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The top two teams from the regular season standings continued to receive a double-bye while the third-seeded team got a single-bye. The remaining six teams, in turn, competed in the first round. Seeding was based on regular season conference records.


1985 WAFL season
The 1985 WAFL season was the 101st season of the West Australian Football League and its various incarnations. The season opened on 30 March and concluded on 21 September with the 1985 WAFL Grand Final contested between East Fremantle and Subiaco.


1985 WAFL season
It was highlighted by the rise of Subiaco, who had nearly become extinct in the late 1970s due to financial problems and had won only 25.2 percent of its games between 1975 and 1984. The Lions recovered from a mid-season slump to win their last seven games before the finals – their longest winning streak in one season since 1915 –  and challenge East Fremantle.


1985 WAFL season
The Sharks came off their 1984 Grand Final loss to win their first twelve on end, gain favourable comparisons with their unbeaten 1946 counterparts, and be quoted at odds of 25/1 to achieve a perfect season. The blue and whites sealed the minor premiership with four games remaining and defeated the Lions in a thrilling Grand Final.


1985 WAFL season
Major declines occurred from Claremont, who had their worst season since 1977, and East Perth, who began a sequence of five seasons with only 24 wins, two wooden spoons (their first since 1964) and two last-round escapes.


1985 WAFL season
Perth, who had not played finals in any grade since the 1978 Grand Final, embarked upon their first significant recruiting campaign for a decade, acquiring dissatisfied South Fremantle coach Mal Brown, former Claremont goalsneak Brett Farmer, and future mainstays Mark Watson, Wayne Ryder and Willie Dick – but did not match expectations and rose just one position with one more win than in 1984.


1985 WAFL season
Off the field, the season saw Perth businessmen Alan Delany and John Watts attempt to buy lowly VFL club St. Kilda and move them to Perth, which failed but was the first move towards the modern national Australian Football League, which began in earnest with the formation of the West Coast Eagles in 1987.


1985 WAFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 4
Seven goals from rover Sean Regan – a member of a famous East Fremantle family and a cousin of teammate Gerard Neesham – gives East Fremantle a record win over the Royals after East Perth led by four points twenty minutes into the second quarter. East Fremantle then scored 15.2 (92) to two behinds in twenty minutes.


1985 WAFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 10
Michael Mitchell takes an amazing high mark over Greg Wilkinson that came to be regarded as the best mark in the WAFL for many years, but Subiaco recovers after the Tigers come back from 58 points down to take the lead early in the last quarter.


1985 WAFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 18
With Moss reappointed as coach for 1986 and 1987, Claremont produce a fine win over Swan Districts to keep the pressure on West Perth in a scenario compared by the press with 1964 when the Tigers had won from fourth position.


1985 WAFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 19
A crucial win for West Perth is marred by violent crowd behaviour whereby a group of West Perth supporters – known by the police beforehand as potentially dangerous – spit and hurl cartons of chocolate-flavoured milk at their East Perth counterparts.


1985 WAFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 21
A superb defence and a brilliant display by future Essendon star Darren Bewick leads West Perth to overrun Claremont.


1985 WAFL season, Finals series, First semi-final
An injury-crippled West Perth outfit fails to break its Swan Districts hoodoo as Garry Sidebottom kicks nine goals and the Falcons are never closer than eleven points after the first few minutes.


1985 WAFL season, Finals series, Second semi-final
In a high-standard match, Subiaco, despite losing to a resurgent East Fremantle, lose no friends and escape injuries from their first final since 1974.


1985 WAFL season, Finals series, Preliminary final
This was the first final Subiaco had won since the 1973 Grand Final, and ended Swan Districts’ hat-trick of flags


1985 WAFL season, Finals series, Grand Final
Regarded as one of the best-ever WAFL Grand Finals, the inexperienced Subiaco team nearly topples a powerful East Fremantle combination in a thriller in showery conditions.


1985 WAFL season, Notes
Better known as a member of the West Australian Football Commission and author of the “Fong Report” on the future of West Australian football after the 2000 season.


1985 WAFU Club Championship
The 1985 WAFU Club Championship was the ninth football club tournament season that took place for the runners-up of each West African country's domestic league, the West African Club Championship. It was won by Africa Sports in two-legged final victory against Ifodje Atakpamé.


1985 WAFU Club Championship, Preliminary round
The matches took place from March 30 to April 14.


1985 WAFU Club Championship, Quarterfinals
The matches took place from May 26 to June 9.


1985 WAFU Club Championship, Semifinals
The matches took place from June 30 to July 14.


1985 WAFU Club Championship, Finals
The matches took place on October 20 and November 10.


1985 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
The 1985 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 26th conference playoff in league history and 33rd season where a WCHA champion was crowned. The tournament was played between March 1 and March 16, 1985. First round and semifinal games were played at home team campus sites while the championship match was held at the Duluth Arena Auditorium in Duluth, Minnesota. By winning the tournament, Minnesota-Duluth was awarded the Broadmoor Trophy and received the WCHA's automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.


1985 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format
All member teams were eligible for the tournament and were seeded No. 1 through No. 8 according to their final conference standing, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with an identical number of points accumulated. The top four seeded teams each earned home ice and hosted one of the lower seeded teams. As a result of their being the regular season champion, Minnesota-Duluth's home venue, Duluth Arena Auditorium, served as the site for the Championship game regardless of which teams qualified for the penultimate match.


1985 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format
Each series were two-game matchups with the team that scored the most goals advancing to the succeeding round. The teams that advanced to the semifinal were re-seeded No. 1 through No. 4 according to the final regular season conference standings, with the top remaining seed matched against lowest remaining seed in one semifinal game while the two other semifinalists meeting with the winners advancing to the championship round. The Tournament Champion received an automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.


1985 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format, Conference Standings
Note: GP = Games Played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; PTS = Points; GF = Goals For; GA = Goals Against


1985 WCT Houston Shootout
The 1985 WCT Houston Shootout was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was a World Championship Tennis event which was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix, as the two organisations had reunited. It was played in Houston, United States from February 25 through March 3, 1985. John McEnroe won the singles title and $60,000 prize money.


1985 WCT Houston Shootout, Finals, Doubles
Peter Fleming /  John McEnroe defeated  Hank Pfister /  Ben Testerman, 6–3, 6–2


1985 WCT Tournament of Champions
The 1985 WCT Tournament of Champions was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City in the United States. The event was part of the Super Series of the 1985 Grand Prix circuit and was organized by World Championship Tennis (WCT). It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from May 6 through May 12, 1985. No.2 seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title, his second at the event after 1982.


1985 WCT Tournament of Champions, Finals, Doubles
Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso defeated  Givaldo Barbosa /  Ivan Kley 7–5, 6–2


1985 WCT World Doubles
The 1985 WCT World Doubles, also known by its sponsored name WCT Fuji Film World Doubles Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Royal Albert Hall in London, England that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the tour finals for the doubles season of the WCT Tour section. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from 1 January through 6 January 1985. Ken Flach and Robert Seguso won the title.


1985 WCT World Doubles, Final, Doubles
Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso defeated  Heinz Günthardt /  Balázs Taróczy 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–0


1985 WNBL season
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by SWAT-76 (talk | contribs) at 16:51, 17 January 2020 (addition). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1985 WNBL season
The 1985 WNBL season was the fifth season of competition in the Australian Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) since its establishment in 1981. A total of 11 teams contested the league.


1985 WTA Swiss Open
The 1985 WTA Swiss Open  was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Lugano, Switzerland that was part of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from 20 May through 26 May 1985. Third-seeded Bonnie Gadusek won the singles title.


1985 WTA Swiss Open, Finals, Doubles
Bonnie Gadusek /  Helena Suková defeated  Bettina Bunge /  Eva Pfaff 6–2, 6–4


1985 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
The 1985 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fifth season under head coach Al Groh, the Demon Deacons compiled a 4–7 record and finished in last place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match
On 10 September 1985, the Welsh and Scottish national teams played each other during the qualifying stages of the 1986 FIFA World Cup at Ninian Park, the home of Cardiff City. The game was both teams' final match of the qualifying tournament, and both were still able to gain a place at the finals in Mexico; Wales needed to win the game, while Scotland knew that a draw would be enough.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match
The game was played against the backdrop of escalating football hooliganism; English clubs had been banned from European competition as a result of the Heysel Stadium disaster over three months prior, and fears were being raised, notably by Scotland's manager Jock Stein, that the British government, led by Margaret Thatcher, was seeking to lead a "crackdown" on football supporters generally, and that trouble at the highly charged game at Ninian Park would give them an excuse to extend this from just England to the other Home Nations.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match
Despite Scotland having the advantage in the group, thanks to a superior goal difference, they went into the game as underdogs due to a number of their senior players being unavailable due to either injury or suspension, and because they had lost to Wales in the return fixture at Hampden Park in Glasgow the previous March. Despite this, Scotland achieved the draw they needed to go to the next stage of qualifying, while at the same time virtually eliminating Wales from the competition.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match
Scotland's celebrations at gaining the point they needed from the game were marred by the collapse of Jock Stein moments before the final whistle, and his subsequent death in the treatment room of the stadium.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background
The Home Nations had played each other regularly for over a century until the end of the British Home Championship in 1984.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, Head-to-head
The World Cup qualifier at Ninian Park was the 101st meeting between Wales and Scotland since 1876, encompassing games in the British Home Championship, FIFA World Cup and Friendly Internationals. Wales had a poor record against Scotland having won only 18 games up to that point, with Scotland successful in 60. The two teams had played each other 22 times at Ninian Park; Scotland had a 9–6 advantage over Wales, with the remaining seven games drawn.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, Home Internationals
The British Home Championship had ended in the 1983–84 season, with England having announced their decision to withdraw from the competition on 19 August 1983, citing an increasingly congested international fixture list, and waning interest from supporters, especially for the games against Wales and Northern Ireland. Although Scotland said nothing publicly about also pulling out, it was accepted that, if any of the four withdrew from the competition, that would bring it to an end. However, despite the withdrawal of England from the Home Championship, it was decided that the annual England vs Scotland game would continue, with the two playing for a new trophy, the Rous Cup.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, Home Internationals
The Home Internationals had been a fixture in the calendar for 100 years, and there was some level of disappointment felt by Wales and Northern Ireland over the decision. As a way of retaining the tournament, Alun Evans, the Secretary of the Football Association of Wales (FAW), had proposed making it biennial instead of annual, with the top two contesting a final game. In his programme notes for the first game of the 1984 tournament, Harry Cavan, the president of the Irish Football Association, said "We are gravely disappointed and sad that 100 years of genuine friendship, sporting traditions and close co-operation seems to have been sacrificed for financial expediency."


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, Home Internationals
Ironically, at the draw for the qualifying competition for the 1986 World Cup, which took place in Zurich on 7 December 1983 (six days before Harry Cavan's words were published), the four Home Nations were drawn against each other, with England and Northern Ireland in Group 3, and Scotland and Wales in Group 7.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, World Cup qualification
Scotland and Wales, having been drawn together in the same qualifying group for the 1986 World Cup, had been evenly matched throughout the competition, although Wales had secured a 1–0 win over Scotland in what turned out to be a controversial and bad-tempered game at Hampden Park in March 1985.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, World Cup qualification
This game, Wales' first win at Hampden for 34 years, saw Scottish complaints over what appeared to be a foul by Welsh striker Mark Hughes on defender Alex McLeish in the buildup to the goal scored by Ian Rush, and a clash between Scotland captain Graeme Souness and Welsh midfielder Peter Nicholas, for which both were booked, and which led to a number of the Welsh team surrounding the Scottish player. This booking would prove expensive as Souness was subsequently booked in Scotland's next qualifying game against Iceland, which led to him being suspended for the final qualifying game away to Wales.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, World Cup qualification
Going into the final round of games, both teams were equal on points with Spain, with Scotland ahead thanks to a superior goal difference; however, Spain's final game at home to Iceland was scheduled to be played two weeks after Wales and Scotland had played each other. With this in mind, a draw for Scotland would be sufficient to virtually guarantee second place in Group 7 and advance at the very least through to the two legged play-off against the winner of the Oceania qualifying tournament, while a win would likely see them top the group and qualify automatically. For Wales, anything less than a win would virtually end their hopes of qualification.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Background, World Cup qualification
The situation was similar to the qualification for the 1978 World Cup, when Scotland and Wales were drawn together in the same group. On that occasion, the two played each other in the penultimate group game at Anfield, with Scotland knowing a point would be enough to guarantee qualification for the final tournament in Argentina, while Wales needed a victory to keep their hopes alive for their final game. In the event, a controversial penalty from Don Masson and a late header by Kenny Dalglish gave Scotland the victory.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Recent results
The game would be the first of the 1985–86 season for both teams. Since the return fixture at Hampden Park on 27 March, both teams had played twice, with each playing one of the other teams in the qualifying group and a friendly. Wales had secured a comfortable home win against Spain in the World Cup qualifying tournament, but had gone down to defeat in Norway. Scotland meanwhile went into the match on the back of a pair of wins against England and Iceland.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Choice of venue
In 1985, the FAW did not have the use of a large national stadium. The National Stadium at Cardiff Arms Park had opened the previous year, but was then for the exclusive use of the Welsh Rugby Union; the first football game to be played there was not until 1989. The FAW instead took the national team to one of the stadia of Cardiff City, Swansea City or Wrexham, three of the four clubs who then played in the English football league system.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Choice of venue
In the buildup to the game, the Welsh manager Mike England was unhappy that the game was to be played at Ninian Park in Cardiff instead of the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham. Wales at the time had an excellent record at the Racecourse, both in qualifying tournaments for the World Cup and European Championships, and in the British Home Championship. During the early 1970s, Wrexham had embarked on making significant improvements to the Racecourse, with two new stands built and a new roof installed over the Kop End.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Choice of venue
Ninian Park however had had its capacity cut as a result of various safety inspections until improvements were made. The smaller capacity of the Racecourse additionally meant that home games were more likely to sell out. This had led to the FAW choosing the Racecourse for the majority of the national team's home games from 1977 onwards. Before the game against Scotland, Wales had played twenty home games since the beginning of 1980, with eight each of those played at Cardiff and Wrexham.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Choice of venue
Of those, Wales had won 6 and drawn 2, including two wins against England, and the 3–0 victory over Spain earlier in the qualifying tournament at the Racecourse, while they had won 3, drawn 2 and lost 3 at Ninian Park. However, in spite of Wales' exceptional record at the Racecourse, the interest in the game led to the FAW to name the larger Ninian Park as the venue.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Pressure on Jock Stein
Jock Stein had been the manager of Scotland since the resignation of Ally MacLeod in 1978, and had managed to ensure qualification for the 1982 World Cup in Spain. However, over the period there had been little other success, either in the European Championships, which Scotland had failed to qualify for twice, or the British Home Championship, which had led to criticism leading into the next competition, the 1986 World Cup.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Pressure on Jock Stein
As a consequence, Stein was facing significant pressure to ensure qualification for his team for the tournament, given the route that have been provided to Scotland by the qualifying draw. Group 7 was one of three UEFA qualifying groups with only four teams – in each of these groups, the second placed teams would advance to a play-off round.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Pressure on Jock Stein
For the second placed team in Group 7, this meant a two-legged play-off against the winner of the OFC tournament, likely to be Australia, which was seen as a much easier proposition than the runners up in Group 1 and Group 5, who would have to face each other. As a consequence, the defeat to Wales in Glasgow had led to significant criticism directed at Stein, who was aware that failure to get a result in the return game against Wales would likely cost him his job.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Pressure on Jock Stein
Stein was not helped by the fact that a number of his senior players, including Graeme Souness (his captain), Kenny Dalglish, Alan Hansen and Steve Archibald would all miss the game through injury or suspension. Stein was also taking diuretics to manage heart failure at the time but had, in the build-up to the game, decided to stop taking them to try and remain focused and negate any potential side-effects the medication might have. Despite his enthusiasm for the job and for football, the strain on Stein, combined with his poor health, had led to him indicating that he would step down after the World Cup Finals in Mexico.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Potential for government intervention
English football had gone through a number of serious incidents related to football hooliganism throughout 1985.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Potential for government intervention
In March, a major riot had occurred during an FA Cup tie between Luton Town and Millwall; on the final day of the English domestic season, the Second Division game between Birmingham City and Leeds United was marred by the death of a 14-year-old Birmingham fan during rioting before the game, while just two days after Scotland's qualifying game in Iceland, the Heysel Stadium disaster had occurred prior to the 1985 European Cup Final, which had led to English clubs being banned from European competition by UEFA.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Potential for government intervention
Although this did not affect England in international football (though there were discussions in regards to their participation in the 1988 European Championships), nor did it have any implication for either the Scottish Football Association (SFA) or FAW over their clubs' participation in Europe, there were fears, voiced by Jock Stein among others, that any trouble by supporters at what would be a highly charged game in Cardiff, with not only what was riding on the result, but also that it was a Home International, would provide an excuse for the British government, under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, to extend the measures it was putting in place to crack down on hooliganism in England to Scotland and Wales. Indeed, as a result of Heysel, the Belgian government banned football teams from the whole of the United Kingdom on 1 June 1985, with the ban only lifted in December 1986.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Television broadcast
The importance of the match meant it was selected for live broadcast by ITV across their entire network, with on-site presentation by Jim Rosenthal, by then one of ITV Sport's main presenters, who shared the studio with Jimmy Greaves. Two separate commentary teams were used: one, consisting of ITV's senior commentator Brian Moore, Terry Yorath and Ian St. John, covered the game for the English and Welsh regions of the network, while the other, with Jock Brown and Joe Jordan, was for viewers in the Scottish ITV areas.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Build-up, Referee
Dutch referee Jan Keizer was chosen to officiate the game. Up to that point, he had taken charge of two games in the qualifying competition, including Wales' home game against Spain the previous April. Although regarded highly enough by FIFA to be chosen for the 1984 Olympic Final, he had a reputation for being strict in his interpretation of the rules.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match
Several people, including Stein's assistant Alex Ferguson and midfielder Gordon Strachan, had noticed that Stein did not appear to be well prior to the start of the game. Roddy Forsyth of BBC Scotland had conducted an interview with Stein on the afternoon of the game for documentary series Only A Game?, in which he noted Stein's appearance during a break in the filming:


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match
And there was Jock Stein right beside me, and he was sweating. He was very pallid and he was sweating. It was a warm day but it wasn't so warm you should be sweating.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match
Nevertheless, Stein appeared to be in good spirits; during the warm-up, Wales goalkeeper Neville Southall found that the Scottish fans in the crowd kept all of the balls he and Eddie Niedzwiecki were using. On returning to the dressing room he spoke about it to Stein, who then went out onto the pitch and gestured to the fans to return all the balls. Prior to the start he took his place in the dugout and the game kicked off without incident.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, First half
In the return game at Hampden Park, Scotland had found the physical presence of Welsh striker Mark Hughes difficult to contain – it had been a challenge from Hughes on defender Alex McLeish that had allowed Ian Rush to score the winner in that game. So, Stein had set his team up with a line of five defenders at the back; this allowed Richard Gough to remain close to Hughes, with McLeish, Roy Aitken, Maurice Malpas and Willie Miller providing defensive cover.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, First half
The game began at a furious pace, with both teams prepared to fight hard; after only two minutes, Hughes made a heavy tackle on McLeish that incensed the Scotland players, while only a minute later McLeish was booked for a challenge on Rush. However, despite the defensive line employed by Scotland, they were unable to prevent Wales taking the lead after thirteen minutes, when Peter Nicholas made a low cross, despite the attention of both Aitken and Steve Nicol, for Hughes to score past goalkeeper Jim Leighton.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, First half
Wales almost scored again in the twentieth minute when Joey Jones crossed for Robbie James, whose header went just over the bar. In the 38th minute, a Welsh free kick was blocked twice by Leighton, with the second falling at the feet of Hughes, whose shot went just wide. Then, just before half-time, Leighton misjudged the flight of a cross that caused the ball to drop again to Hughes; the Scottish keeper prevented Wales scoring a second by diving at Hughes' feet.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Half-time
Once half-time was reached, it was clear that Scotland, and Jim Leighton in particular, were in difficulty. In the dressing room, Leighton admitted that the reason he had missed the cross at the end of the first half, which led to the last-ditch save at the feet of Mark Hughes, was that he was shortsighted and had lost one of his contact lenses. Not only that, but he did not have a spare pair with him. Leighton had not been forthcoming about his eyesight because of fears that it might harm his career. As a consequence, that the goalkeeper even needed lenses was something that his teammates, Alex Ferguson (who was also Leighton's club manager at Aberdeen) or, most importantly, Jock Stein did not know.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Half-time
Jock hit the roof. He was furious because no one had told him Leighton wore contacts. Richard Gough


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Half-time
During the half-time interval, Stein gave Gordon Strachan notice that he planned to bring him off during the second half and replace him with winger Davie Cooper. Stein's five-man defensive set-up meant that his midfielders were outnumbered by the Welsh, and consequently Strachan had failed to make an impact on the game up to then. Despite this, Strachan was prepared to argue with Stein that he should remain on, until Alex Ferguson cautioned him to be aware that the manager was clearly not well, and should not cause too much stress with a confrontation.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
The situation with Leighton meant that Scotland were forced to make a half-time substitution, replacing the goalkeeper with Alan Rough, whose last international had been against the Soviet Union during the 1982 World Cup Finals. The second half began with Wales remaining in control of the game as they had been during the first half, with their best chance coming when Ian Rush mis-hit what appeared to be a simple tap-in, causing it to pass wide.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
As a consequence, with an hour of the game gone, Stein made his second and final substitution, withdrawing Strachan and replacing him with Davie Cooper on the left-hand side. Cooper had a reputation for being somewhat mercurial; he was considered to be one of the most gifted Scottish players of his generation, but was regarded as the type of player who could be anonymous throughout games. On this occasion, Cooper's introduction had an impact and caused the home side to look vulnerable for the first time.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
However, although Scotland were gaining in confidence, they were running out of time, with the Welsh defenders able to absorb the pressure and use the long clearance to get the ball upfield towards Hughes and Rush, who held the ball and waited for reinforcement from their midfielders. Scotland had already had a penalty claim turned down for an apparent push on David Speedie when, with nine minutes left, Nicol crossed into the Welsh box.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
The ball was nodded down by Graeme Sharp into Speedie's path; his shot, which appeared to be heading over the crossbar, struck defender David Phillips on the elbow and led to the Dutch referee awarding Scotland a penalty. It was Cooper who stepped up to assume responsibility to take the spot kick:


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
It wasn't so much I picked up the ball. The other 10 left it for me.Davie Cooper


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
Cooper struck the ball low and hard to his right; despite Neville Southall getting his fingers to it, the penalty was successful and brought the scores level. Immediately, Mike England made a substitution, withdrawing midfielder Robbie James and bringing on forward Steve Lovell in an effort to regain the advantage. Two minutes later he made his second and final substitution, bringing off Mickey Thomas for Clayton Blackmore.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
At the time the penalty was taken, the Welsh dugout was surrounded by press and photographers, as the home team were still leading 1–0. With the scores levelled, the pack switched their attention to the Scottish bench, which led to Stein remonstrating with at least one photographer to move out of the way of his view of the game. Both Professor Stewart Hillis, the Scotland team doctor (who was also Stein's consultant), and Welsh manager Mike England stated that there appeared to be nothing wrong at this point.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
While the rest of the Scottish bench were celebrating Cooper's successful penalty, Stein was unanimated. It was thought that he was merely following the advice he had given to his staff and players throughout the evening - "keep your dignity". However, Ferguson had noted that the manager appeared even more pallid, and was sweating profusely.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Second half
With approximately two minutes of normal time left, the referee's whistle blew for an infringement. Stein however appeared to think that the final whistle had been blown, as he rose from his seat and began to make his way towards the Welsh bench to shake hands with England. However, as he got up, he then fell to his knees before collapsing to the ground. He was immediately carried to the away dressing room where attempts were made to resuscitate him.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Post-match
The final whistle blew with the score remaining at 1–1. The Scottish players began celebrating their achievement with the estimated 12,000 Scotland fans who had made the trip to Cardiff, but were immediately aware that something was not right on the touchline. It was Alex Ferguson, who went onto the pitch after the final whistle, who began informing some of the players of Stein's collapse, news of which began to filter through to all of them as they made their way back to the dressing room.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Post-match
Reports were sketchy initially – television pictures broadcast on ITV showed Stein, who appeared to be both conscious and alert, being carried down the tunnel by a number of police officers, with commentator Brian Moore speculating that he had been overcome with the emotion of the result. Martin Tyler of ITV Sport, who had been working as the pitchside reporter, and had been standing near Stein when he collapsed, reported that, despite the apparently alarming scenes, Stein was telling everyone that he was OK. BBC Radio commentator Peter Jones (who had no access to the television pictures and was relying on information from other people in the press box) also speculated that the tension of the result and the night had led to Stein's collapse.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Match, Post-match
In the treatment room, Stein, who had remained conscious throughout, was on the table being supported by Ernie Walker and Bill Dickie, two senior members of the SFA, while the on site medical team led by Stewart Hillis tried to keep his heart beating. Hillis at one point administered an injection to try to make Stein more comfortable, with Stein saying to him "that feels better Doc". Seconds later, Stein slipped into unconsciousness; despite the efforts of Stewart Hillis, he was pronounced dead approximately half an hour after the final whistle.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath
As the crowd began making their way home from Ninian Park, the news began to filter out slowly. Some Scottish fans had elected to remain in Cardiff and were celebrating the achievement of guaranteeing the play-off spot when they saw and heard what had happened. Others had boarded trains or were in cars heading home – many fans did not hear the news until they eventually got home the following day.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath
The death of Jock Stein cast a pall over the Scottish team that had gained the point they needed to ensure their continued participation in qualification for the World Cup. The squad returned to Edinburgh the same night, reflecting on the loss of their manager, while the depth of feeling from the Scotland fans was summed up when one said:


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath
We'd rather be out of the World Cup and have Big Jock back.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath
Stein's body was returned to Glasgow, where his funeral took place on 13 September 1985. In later years it was revealed that it was not a heart attack, but rather pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs) as a result of heart disease that caused Stein's death. Stein had stopped taking the diuretic medication prescribed for this in the days leading up to the game, which has been suggested as a contributory factor to his eventual collapse.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Scotland
Two weeks after Scotland had secured the point they needed against Wales, Spain played their final qualifier at home to Iceland, winning the game 2–1 to top the group and qualify automatically for the World Cup, leaving Scotland in second to go into the play-off.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Scotland
Following Stein's death, his assistant Alex Ferguson agreed to take charge of the national team. Initially, this was intended to be a one-off for the friendly that was planned for the free date on 16 October. However, the lack of time available in the lead up to the play-off meant finding a permanent replacement would prove difficult, and so Ferguson was officially appointed on 1 October at least until after the World Cup.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Scotland
While waiting to find out who they would play, Ferguson's first game in charge saw the team take on East Germany in a friendly at Hampden Park on 16 October. Their opponents were finally confirmed on 3 November, when Australia beat New Zealand to take an unassailable lead at the top of the four team Oceania group. Scotland came through the two-legged tie thanks to a 2–0 home win in Glasgow and a 0–0 draw in Melbourne, which saw them become the 24th and final team to qualify for the World Cup Finals in Mexico.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Scotland
Ferguson remained in charge through the remainder of the 1985–86 season and into their World Cup campaign, which saw them eliminated in the group stage, gaining only a single point, before stepping down at the end of June 1986, to be replaced by the SFA's Director of Coaching Andy Roxburgh. Ferguson's record saw him in charge for a total of ten games, of which five were competitive games and five (including the 1986 Rous Cup match) were friendlies. Of those, the team won three, lost three and drew four.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Wales
For the third successive tournament, Wales had missed out on qualification by a slender margin, having missed the 1982 World Cup on goal difference, and the 1984 European Championship by a single point. Despite this setback, which was followed by a 3–0 home defeat to Hungary in October, the team went through the rest of the season with only one other defeat, against Canada in May 1986. There was also the sense of history repeating itself in that, just as in 1977, it was a controversial penalty decision that ended up costing them dearly. Despite this however, there was also a feeling that, given the group of players available to them, they would qualify for the next tournament. As it was, Wales failed to qualify for a major tournament until the 2016 European Championships.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Wales
Mike England was convinced that choosing Ninian Park as the venue was a factor in Wales failing to secure the win they needed, given the team's record when playing at Wrexham, and has criticised the FAW for making the choice. Wales played two more home games that season against teams that had qualified for the World Cup by finishing top of their qualifying groups. On 16 October, Hungary came to Ninian Park and won 3–0, while on 21 April 1986, Wales's final home game that season saw them gain a 0–0 draw against Uruguay at the Racecourse Ground in Wrexham.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Wales
England oversaw a further qualifying campaign, for the 1988 European Championships, which Wales again failed to qualify for. As a consequence of this, the FAW terminated his contract at the beginning of 1988. England admitted that the death of Jock Stein had significantly affected him and, following his dismissal from his post as Wales manager, he never worked in football again, instead focusing on the timber business he founded in 1969, before buying and managing two care homes in North Wales.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Wales, Welsh home venues
In 1989, the FAW reached agreement with the Welsh Rugby Union to play at the National Stadium in Cardiff; the majority of home games were played there for the next decade, with occasional visits to Wrexham. In 1997, demolition of the National Stadium began, to be replaced on the same site by the Millennium Stadium, intended to serve as a home for both the football and rugby union teams.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Wales, Welsh home venues
However, since 2000, as well as continued improvements to the Racecourse Ground, both Cardiff City (the Cardiff City Stadium; opened 2009) and Swansea City (the Liberty Stadium; opened 2005) have built new grounds. In addition, the new Parc y Scarlets (opened 2008) in Llanelli has also been constructed to meet UEFA's international criteria. This, added to the difficulty the FAW have had in filling the 74,000 seat Millennium Stadium in recent years, has led them to come full circle, with the majority of home games in recent years taking place at venues other than the national stadium.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Recollections
In the years since Jock Stein's death, some, including Alex Ferguson, have said that they noticed changes in him in the days and weeks prior to the game against Wales. Gordon Strachan found it difficult to understand precisely what Stein was saying during his team-talk. However, Strachan came to accept that the final decision Stein made, to replace him with Davie Cooper, was the correct one given Cooper's subsequent impact on the game.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Recollections
On the 20th anniversary of Stein's death, Cardiff City unveiled a plaque commemorating the night at Ninian Park, located in the away dugout:


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Recollections
In respectful memory of Jock Stein who sadly left football forever while managing Scotland at Ninian Park on 10 September 1985. From football fans all over the world on the 20th anniversary.


1985 Wales v Scotland football match, Aftermath, Recollections
In 2009, the memorial was removed from the stadium when it was demolished and transferred to the "Ninian Park Gates" at the new Cardiff City Stadium. In 2010, to mark the 25th anniversary, the original plaque was removed and taken to the Celtic museum at Parkhead in Glasgow, and was replaced at the Cardiff City Stadium by a replica bearing the same inscription.


1985 Walker Cup
The 1985 Walker Cup, the 30th Walker Cup Match, was played on August 21 and 22, 1985, at Pine Valley Golf Club, Pine Valley, New Jersey. The event was won by the United States 13 to 11.


1985 Walker Cup, Format
The format for play on Wednesday and Thursday was the same. There were four matches of foursomes in the morning and eight singles matches in the afternoon. In all, 24 matches were played.


1985 Walker Cup, Format
Each of the 24 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 18th hole extra holes were not played. Rather, each side earned ½ a point toward their team total. The team that accumulated at least 12½ points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.


1985 Walker Cup, Teams
Ten players for the United States and Great Britain & Ireland participated in the event. The United States had a playing captain, while Great Britain & Ireland had a non-playing captain.


1985 Wan Chai District Board election
The 1985 Wan Chai District Board election was held on 7 March 1985 to elect all 10 elected members to the 16-member Wan Chai District Board.


1985 Warsaw Victory Day Parade
The 1985 Warsaw Victory Day Parade was a military parade (Defiladzie Zwycięstwa) held in Warsaw, the capital of the Polish People's Republic. It was held to commemorate the ruby jubilee (40th anniversary) of the end of the Second World War. The parade featured officers and soldiers of the Polish People's Army who marched in front of the Palace of Culture and Science on Parade Square. 3,000 troops took part in the parade, which had musical accompaniment by the Representative Central Band of the LWP.


1985 Warsaw Victory Day Parade
The units on parade included guards of honour including the Representative Honor Guard of the LWP and the Academy of Officers of Anti- Aircraft Defense Forces at Koszalin. The parade was commanded by Divisional General Jerzy Skalski of the Warsaw Military District, who reported to General Florian Siwicki, Minister of National Defence and presiding officer for the parade.


1985 Warsaw Victory Day Parade
Among the distinguished Polish attendees were First Secretary of te PKLN and Prime Minister Wojciech Jaruzelski as well as Henryk Jabłoński, the de facto head of state as the Chairman of the Council of State. Delegations from countries such as Cuba, Bulgaria and Mongolia attended the parade, including the United States, which was represented by Chargé d'affaires John R. Davis. It was also attended by Nikolai Ryzhkov, a then full member of the 26th Soviet Politburo and future Premier of the Soviet Union.


1985 Washington Huskies football team
The 1985 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In its eleventh season under head coach Don James, the team compiled a 7–5 record, and outscored its opponents 238 to 225. Joe Kelly was selected for the Guy Flaherty Most Inspirational award. Kelly was also selected as the team's most valuable player. Kelly, Vestee Jackson, Hugh Millen, and Dennis Soldat were the team captains.


1985 Washington Huskies football team
Senior quarterback Millen started the first nine games, and sophomore Chris Chandler the final three.


1985 Washington Redskins season
The 1985 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 54th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 49th in Washington, D.C. The team failed to improve on their 11–5 record from 1984 and finished 10-6. The biggest moment of the year occurred on a November 18 Monday Night Football game, which witnessed Joe Theismann's career-ending injury after a sack by New York Giants outside linebacker Lawrence Taylor. The tackle resulted in a serious leg injury, and Theismann never played in the NFL again. Though the team failed to make the playoffs, they remained in contention for the entire regular season.


1985 Washington State Cougars football team
The 1985 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University in the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their eighth season under head coach Jim Walden, the Cougars compiled a 4–7 record (3–5 in Pac-10, tied for seventh), and outscored their opponents 313 to 282. Home games were played on campus at Martin Stadium in Pullman, Washington.


1985 Washington State Cougars football team
The team's statistical leaders included Mark Rypien with 2,174 passing yards, Rueben Mayes with 1,236 rushing yards, and Kitrick Taylor with 489 receiving yards.


1985 Washington State Cougars football team
This season's offense included the "RPM" backfield: Rypien at quarterback, with Kerry Porter and Mayes at running back. All three were previous first team all-conference selections (Porter as a sophomore in 1983), and expectations were high; injuries on defense took a toll and five of their losses were by a touchdown or less.


1985 Washington State Cougars football team
In the Apple Cup, the Cougars won again in Husky Stadium for their third win over Washington in the last four years. With frigid temperatures and snow on the Palouse prior to the game, the Cougars held indoor practices in the evening at the Kibbie Dome in neighboring Moscow, Idaho.


1985 Washington State Cougars football team
Mayes rushed for over 150 yards in each of the last four games and repeated as the Pac-10 offensive player of the year. Defensive lineman Erik Howard and return specialist Kitrick Taylor were also named All-Pac-10.


1985 Waterford City Council election
An election to Waterford City Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 15 councillors were elected from three electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Waterford County Council election
An election to Waterford County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 23 councillors were elected from four electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Welsh Professional Championship
The 1985 BCE Welsh Professional Championship was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament, which took place in May 1985.


1985 Welsh Professional Championship
Terry Griffiths won the tournament defeating Doug Mountjoy 9–4 in the final.


1985 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1985 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the Mountaineers' 93rd overall season and they competed as a Division I-A Independent. The team was led by head coach Don Nehlen, in his sixth year, and played their home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia. They finished the season with a record of seven wins, three losses and one tie (7–3–1 overall).


1985 West of England Championships
The 1985 West of England Championships, also known as the Bristol Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was played at Bristol in Great Britain from 17 to 24 June 1985. The final could not be played on the outdoor grass courts due to persistent rain and was moved to an indoor court at David Lloyds Racket Club in Heston. Marty Davis won the singles final in front of just a handful of spectators and commented "I haven't really played in many finals, and I didn't really care if it had to be switched here or to the Falkand Islands, I was just delighted to win it".


1985 West of England Championships, Finals, Doubles
Eddie Edwards /  Danie Visser defeated  John Alexander /  Russell Simpson 6–4, 7–6


1985 Western Alliance Challenge Series
History of the 1985 Western Alliance Challenge Series. This series of games which included F.C. Seattle, the Victoria Riptide, F.C. Portland and the San Jose Earthquakes led to the creation of the Western Soccer Alliance which later merged with the American Soccer League to form the American Professional Soccer League, the forerunner of the USL First Division.


1985 Western Alliance Challenge Series, History
In 1984, the independent F.C. Seattle hosted the F.C. Seattle Challenge which included several North American Soccer League teams. The success of the tournament led league officials to offer an NASL franchise to the F.C. Seattle ownership. The team declined the offer and instead decided to build on the success of the tournament by creating an ad hoc league with several other independent soccer teams in the Pacific Northwest. Three teams joined F.C. Seattle, the Victoria Riptide, F.C. Portland and the San Jose Earthquakes which had played in the NASL before its demise in the spring of 1985. These four teams played each other and the non-league Edmonton Brick Men and Canada national soccer team. The games against the Brick Men and Canadian national team were included in the final league standings. The series proved financially successful and led to the formal establishment of the Western Soccer Alliance.


1985 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 1985 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jack Harbaugh, the Broncos compiled a 4–6–1 record (4–4–1 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for fourth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 212 to 182. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.


1985 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The team's statistical leaders included Chris Conklin with 1,574 passing yards, Lewis Howard with 819 rushing yards, and Paul Sorce with 567 receiving yards. Quarterback Chris Conklin, safety Sam Culbert, and linebacker John Offerdahl were the team captains. For the second consecutive year, Offerdahl received the team's most outstanding player award; he was also selected as the MAC defensive player of the year.


1985 Western Samoan general election
General elections were held in Western Samoa on 22 February 1985. Voting was restricted to matai and citizens of European origin ("individual voters"), with the Matai electing 45 MPs and Europeans two. The result was a victory for the Human Rights Protection Party, which won 31 seats. Its leader, Tofilau Eti Alesana, remained Prime Minister.


1985 Western Samoan general election, Results
Fifteen of the 47 elected MPs were new to the Legislative Assembly. Minister of Health Lavea Lio lost his seat.


1985 Western Samoan general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the HRPP held a two-day conference on 25–26 February, the HRPP re-elected Tofilau Eti Alesana as its candidate for Prime Minister. On 7 March, Va'ai Kolone resigned from the party. On 9 March the Legislative Assembly elected Alesana Prime Minister; he was the only candidate after Kolone declined to be nominated. Nonumalo Sofara was re-elected as Speaker.


1985 Western Samoan general election, Aftermath
However, in December, 11 members of the HRRP defected to form a coalition government with the Christian Democratic Party, and Va'ai Kolone was elected Prime Minister.


1985 Westmeath County Council election
An election to Westmeath County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 23 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for an eight-year term of office.


1985 Wexford County Council election
An election to Wexford County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 21 councillors were elected from four electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Whitbread Awards
The Whitbread Awards (since 2006 called the Costa Book Awards) are among the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary awards. They were launched in 1971, are given both for high literary merit but also for works that are enjoyable reading and whose aim is to convey the enjoyment of reading to the widest possible audience. This page gives details of the awards given in 1985.


1985 White House intrusion
The 1985 White House intrusion occurred on 20 January 1985 when Robert Allen Latta, a 45-year-old water meter reader, successfully entered the White House uninvited.


1985 White House intrusion, Background
Latta, of Denver, Colorado, held a master's degree in mechanical engineering but worked as a water meter reader for the Denver water department, where he held the Denver meter-reading record of 600 readings in a single day. Time magazine quoted his supervisor as saying "He is a phenomenon of accuracy and speed."


1985 White House intrusion, Intrusion
While on vacation in Washington, D.C. on January 20, 1985 (the day that President Ronald Reagan was sworn in for his second term) Latta gained access to the White House by following the 33 members of the Marine Band past security. While carrying an overnight bag, he was able to wander around the Executive Residence for 14 minutes, but was eventually discovered near the Blue Room and was apprehended by Secret Service agents, who noticed that he had neither a uniform nor an instrument. Latta reportedly did not know he was doing anything illegal, and was quoted as saying "I thought if I wasn't supposed to be there, somebody would stop me" and that "I just wanted to see the ceremony...I'm kind of patriotic."


1985 White House intrusion, Aftermath
Secret Service agents brought in dogs to search for explosives and interrogated Latta outside the White House. Later Latta was turned over to the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia and charged with a misdemeanor count of unlawful entry. Latta was jailed for five days and interviewed by  court-appointed psychiatrist Dr. Norman L. Wilson, who discovered that Latta had voluntarily committed himself to a psychiatric hospital in June 1984 and heard voices saying, "You blew it," according to documents filed in the District of Columbia Superior Court. Latta was committed to St. Elizabeths Hospital.


1985 White House intrusion, Aftermath
Wilson recommended further psychiatric study of Latta and a hearing commissioner on January 21 ordered Latta to undergo mental evaluation, but that order was not received by city psychiatrists until three days later, several hours after he had posted bond on $1,000 bail. Latta was quoted as saying the intrusion was "a mistake" but also "the high point of being in Washington" and that "I just wanted to see how far I could get." The unlawful entry had a maximum penalty of six months in jail, but because it was only a misdemeanor, Washington, D.C. prosecutors could not extradite him from Colorado if he did not return voluntarily.


1985 White House intrusion, Aftermath
Latta was arrested May 7, 1985, after he failed to show up for a court appearance in Washington, D.C. but was released on personal recognizance after Magistrate Judge Donald E. Abram of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado set a hearing on whether he should be returned to Washington, D.C. to face charges.


1985 White House intrusion, In popular culture
Comedian Rich Hall regularly imitated Latta as part of his comedy routine on Saturday Night Live in 1985.


1985 Wichita State Shockers football team
The 1985 Wichita State Shockers football team represented Wichita State University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Shockers competed in their 89th season overall and 42nd in the Missouri Valley Conference, playing their home games at Cessna Stadium. The team, led by second-year head coach Ron Chismar, improved on their 2–9 output from the previous season, going 3–8.


1985 Wichita State Shockers football team
This was the final season of football for the Missouri Valley Conference, as the league, which by this point was a mixture of NCAA Division I-A (Tulsa and Wichita State) and NCAA Division I-AA programs (Drake, Illinois State, Indiana State, Southern Illinois, and West Texas State). The league voted on April 30, 1985 to drop football at the end of the 1985 season.


1985 Wicklow County Council election
An election to Wicklow County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 24 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six year term of office.


1985 Wightman Cup
The 1985 Wightman Cup was the 57th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in the United States.


1985 William & Mary Tribe football team
The 1985 William & Mary Tribe football team represented the College of William & Mary as an independent during the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by Jimmye Laycock in his sixth year as head coach, William & Mary finished the season with a record of 7–4 and ranked No. 16 in the final NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee poll.


1985 William Jones Cup
The 1985 William Jones Memorial Cup is the ninth edition of the William Jones Cup.


1985 William Jones Cup
Fourteen teams participated in the preliminary round composing of four groups with the top two from each group advancing. The team from the Philippines defeated the United States in the final at overtime.


1985 Wiltshire County Council election
Elections to Wiltshire County Council were held on 2 May 1985. The whole council of seventy-five members was up for election and the result was that the Conservatives lost their majority, winning only thirty seats, resulting in no overall control. The Liberals gained seats, winning seventeen, the Social Democrats won eight seats, the first time they had been represented in the council, while Labour had losses, finishing like the Liberals with seventeen members. Three Independents, including one Ratepayer, were also elected.


1985 Wiltshire County Council election
In an editorial on 4 May headed "Local Lessons", The Times commented that "The Conservatives predominate as the single largest party in the counties still. Generalizations from such elections are always flawed by local factors. Intra-party disputes help explain the loss of Conservative seats in Wiltshire".


1985 Wiltshire County Council election
Following the elections, an informal agreement between the leader of the Liberal group, Jack Ainslie, and the leader of the Labour members, Mary Salisbury, led to the formation of a minority SDP–Liberal Alliance administration. Salisbury commented to The Times "Where the Liberals put forward what seem to be measures which are beneficial to the people of Wiltshire, we will support them."


1985 Wimbledon Championships
The 1985 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in the United Kingdom. It was the 99th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and were held from 24 June to 7 July 1985.


1985 Wimbledon Championships, Prize money
The total prize money for 1985 championships was £1,934,760. The winner of the men's title earned £130,000 while the women's singles champion earned £117,000.


1985 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles
Heinz Günthardt /  Balázs Taróczy defeated  Pat Cash /  John Fitzgerald, 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3


1985 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles
Kathy Jordan /  Elizabeth Smylie defeated  Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4


1985 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles
Paul McNamee /  Martina Navratilova defeated  John Fitzgerald /  Elizabeth Smylie, 7–5, 4–6, 6–2


1985 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Juniors, Boys' Doubles
Agustín Moreno /  Jaime Yzaga defeated  Petr Korda /  Cyril Suk, 7–6(7–3), 6–4


1985 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Juniors, Girls' Doubles
Louise Field /  Janine Thompson defeated  Elna Reinach /  Julie Richardson, 6–1, 6–2


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' Doubles
Agustín Moreno and Jaime Yzaga defeated Petr Korda and Cyril Suk in the final, 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the Boys' Doubles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' Singles
Leonardo Lavalle defeated Eduardo Vélez in the final, 6–4, 6–4 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' Doubles
Louise Field and Janine Thompson defeated Elna Reinach and Julie Richardson in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the Girls' Doubles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' Singles
Andrea Holíková defeated Jenny Byrne in the final, 7–5, 6–1 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles
Peter Fleming and John McEnroe were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Pat Cash and John Fitzgerald.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles
Heinz Günthardt and Balázs Taróczy defeated Cash and Fitzgerald in the final, 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Doubles title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles
Boris Becker defeated Kevin Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. He became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male major singles champion at 17 years, 7 months and 15 days of age. This latter record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles
John McEnroe was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinals and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe at the same major.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Qualifying
Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles
John Lloyd and Wendy Turnbull were the two-time defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Mark Edmondson and Kathy Jordan.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles
Paul McNamee and Martina Navratilova defeated John Fitzgerald and Elizabeth Smylie in the final, 7–5, 4–6, 6–2 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Due to bad weather, the Mixed Doubles tournament became delayed and after McNamee and Navratilova won their semifinal match against Scott Davis and Betsy Nagelsen, ending 23–21 in the final set on a match played on Court 2, the team remained on court with only a thirty minute rest interval to play the final on the same court.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles
Kathy Jordan and Elizabeth Smylie defeated the four-time defending champions Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver in the final, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles
Joint top seed Martina Navratilova successfully defended her title, defeating her rival Chris Evert Lloyd in a repeat of the previous year's final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles
This would remain the last all-American semi-final line-up in a women's grand slam singles event until the 2017 US Open.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
Both Chris Evert Lloyd and Martina Navratilova were seeded #1, reflecting Evert Lloyd's status as the #1 ranked player and Navratilova's as the 3-time defending champion, with no seed #2 awarded. This unique decision was heavily criticised by the Women's Tennis Association. As Evert Lloyd was placed at the top of the draw sheet, she was in effect the de facto #1.


1985 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Qualifying
Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.


1985 Winfield State League season
The 1985 Winfield State League was the inaugural season of the Queensland Rugby League's statewide competition. The competition was run similarly to the NSWRL's Amco Cup, featuring a short format prior the larger Brisbane Premiership season. The Wynnum Manly Seagulls defeated the Brisbane Brothers in the final at Lang Park in Brisbane.


1985 Winfield State League season, Teams
A total of 14 teams competed in the inaugural season, 8 of which were BRL Premiership clubs. The remaining six were regional teams from across the state, hence the State League name.


1985 Winfield State League season, Ladder
Wynnum-Manly, Souths, Brothers, Easts made the finals from a six round season. Similar to the 1982 and 1983 seasons, all clubs who qualified for the finals were BRL Premiership clubs.


1985 Winfield State League season, Finals
The finals were straight final four series held at QRL headquarters at Lang Park, with Wynnum-Manly and the Brisbane Brothers winning their respective semi finals. In the final, the Seagulls completed a 16-0 shutout of the Brothers to win their second consecutive Winfield State League title.


1985 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season
The 1985 Winnipeg Blue Bombers finished in 2nd place in the West Division with a 12–4 record. They faced the BC Lions in the West Final for the third straight year. Despite winning both regular season meetings against the Lions, they lost the game 42–22, ending their hopes of repeating as Grey Cup champions.


1985 Winston 500
The 1985 Winston 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on May 5, 1985, at Alabama International Motor Speedway in Talladega, Alabama as race number 9 of 28 of the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season.


1985 Winston 500
Prior to this event, two-time Winston Cup champion Darrell Waltrip complained to NASCAR about how Bill Elliott was ruining the parity of the sport and he needed to be slowed down. As a result, NASCAR raised the height of the Ford vehicles by half an inch. The roof of the GM race cars was lowered by the same amount in order to improve their speed performance.


1985 Winston 500, Background
Talladega Superspeedway, originally known as Alabama International Motor Superspeedway (AIMS), is a motorsports complex located north of Talladega, Alabama. It is located on the former Anniston Air Force Base in the small city of Lincoln. The track is a Tri-oval and was constructed by International Speedway Corporation, a business controlled by the France Family, in the 1960s. Talladega is most known for its steep banking and the unique location of the start/finish line - located just past the exit to pit road. The track currently hosts the NASCAR series such as the Sprint Cup Series, Xfinity Series, and the Camping World Truck Series. Talladega Superspeedway is the longest NASCAR oval with a length of 2.66 miles (4.28 km), and the track at its peak had a seating capacity of 175,000 spectators.


1985 Winston 500, Background
Bill Elliott dominated the early part of the 1985 season, including winning the Daytona 500, the first race of the Winston Million promotion. The Winston 500 was the second. Later in the season at the Southern 500, Elliott would go on to become the first Winston Million winner.


1985 Winston 500, Race report
There were 40 drivers who qualified for this race with 1 driver withdrawing (Greg Sacks due to a blown engine); the pole position winner was Bill Elliott who qualified at a then-track record speed of 209.398 miles per hour (336.993 km/h) in a Ford Thunderbird. He would go on to beat Kyle Petty by nearly two seconds at a then-record average speed of 186.288 miles per hour (299.801 km/h) for the race; a record that stood until broken in the 1997 Winston 500 by Mark Martin.


1985 Winston 500, Race report
More than 100,000 live spectators saw more than two and a half hours of racing with two cautions periods (lasting for only eight laps). This relatively clean race would see 28 different lead changes. Canadian driver Trevor Boys would finish in last place due to a problem with the engine on lap 6. Bosco Lowe and Dick Skillen would exit NASCAR after this race while Geoff Bodine would lose the championship points lead to Terry Labonte.


1985 Winston 500, Race report
Some of the drivers were complaining (most notably Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip) about how it was difficult to draft off the back end of the '85 Thunderbird's in general and Elliot in specific. They commented that they felt the shape of the rear of the car was the reason why the average NASCAR driver found it difficult to draft off of Elliott.


1985 Winston 500, Race report
Early in the race, a broken oil fitting would put Elliott nearly two laps out of the lead before he managed a comeback. Elliott would return to the track and begin consistently running laps near 205 mph, making up the two laps lost without the aide of a yellow flag or the draft.


1985 Winston 500, Race report
The Ford Thunderbird's placed 1-2-3 with Kyle Petty beating Cale Yarborough in a photo finish for second place behind Elliott. The Ford trio were the only drivers to finish on the lead lap.


1985 Winston 500, Full Results
Average speed: 186.288 mph (299.801 km/h)Pole speed: 209.398 mph (336.993 km/h)Attendance: 122,000


1985 Winston 500, Full Results, Box Score
* - Includes 5 bonus points for leading at least 1 lap. ** - Includes additional 5 bonus points for leading the most laps.


1985 Winston Western 500
The 1985 Winston Western 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on November 17, 1985, at Riverside International Raceway in Riverside, California.


1985 Winston Western 500
The most dominant drivers in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series during the 1980s were Bill Elliott, Darrell Waltrip, Terry Labonte, Bobby Allison, and Dale Earnhardt.


1985 Winston Western 500
With the deletion of the two Nashville races the 1985 Winston Cup season was the first since 1974 with less than 30 races.


1985 Winston Western 500, Race report
With one race remaining in the championship, Bill Elliott, who won 11 races, trailed Darrell Waltrip by 20 points (between 4-7 positions depending on the order of finish -- the equivalent of 4-7 points under the 2011 scoring system). Qualifying was held on Friday and Terry Labonte scored the pole with a time of 1:20.658.


1985 Winston Western 500, Race report
The 500-kilometer race, lasting 119 laps, would have the championship battle come down to the first six laps of the race. The gearshift lever on Elliott's car broke on the sixth lap, necessitating repairs that lasted thirty minutes, or roughly 22 laps of the race. It would prove costly. Waltrip finished seventh and locked down the championship on Lap 99. On the day his teammate wins the title Neil Bonnett ends 1985 on the podium as he leads a few laps and brings Junior Johnson's red #12 Budweiser Chevrolet home in third.


1985 Winston Western 500, Race report
The 1985 season would be one of career highs for Bonnett as he finished fourth in points on the strength of 11 top-5s and 18 top-10s. This would be the last season where Neil ran every race as he proved a little injury prone in the years that followed. This was a combination race with the Winston West series. They had themselves a pretty interesting points battle, with four drivers (Jim Robinson, Hershel McGriff, Glen Steurer, and Ruben Garcia) eligible for the title. Robinson would clinch the title over McGriff with his 12th place finish.


1985 Winston Western 500, Race report
Pit strategy effectively determined the race. On the penultimate pit stop, Labonte's Billy Hagan pit crew changed two tires, while Ricky Rudd's Bud Moore Engineering Ford team changed four tires. On the final round of pit stops, the opposite took place, allowing Rudd to defeat Labonte by almost half a second in front of 40000 live audience members at the last possible moment. Ruben Garcia, later to gain fame from knocking out a wall in a crash during the last race at Riverside in 1988, scores his career-best finish of 14th place.


1985 Winston Western 500, Race report
Three cautions were given for 11 laps; allowing for 14 changes in the first-place position. Bobby Allison came into this race seeking to avoid going winless for the season for the first time since 1977. He qualified well but his chaotic season ended with a 17th-place performance, two laps down. This was the final race for Rusty Wallace competing for Cliff Stewart and Cliff Stewart Racing.


1985 Winston Western 500, Race report
Blair Aiken, Clark Dwyer, and John Soares, Jr would retire after the end of the race while Scott Autrey and Bud Hickey would make their only Winston Cup Series appearance at this event. Notable crew chiefs for this race included Junie Donlavey, Robin Pemberton, Joey Arrington, Jake Elder, Travis Carter, Bud Moore, Tim Brewer, Jeff Hammond, Harry Hyde, Kirk Shelmerdine and Darrell Bryant.


1985 Winter Universiade
The 1985 Winter Universiade, the XII Winter Universiade, took place in Belluno, Italy.


1985 Winter Universiade, Medal table
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1985 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 1985 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1985 Big Ten Conference football season.


1985 Women's African Volleyball Championship
The 1985 Women's African Volleyball Championship was the Second Edition African continental volleyball Championship for women in Africa and it was held in Tunis, Tunisia, with Four teams participating.


1985 Women's British Open Squash Championship
The 1985 Women's Davies & Tate British Open Squash Championships was held at East Grinstead, West Sussex with the later stages being held at the Wembley Conference Centre in London from 15–23 April 1985. The event was won for the second consecutive year by Susan Devoy who defeated Martine Le Moignan in the final.


1985 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 1985 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the fourteenth edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in several cities in the Netherlands from 29 September to 6 October 1985, with the final round held in Arnhem.


1985 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format
The tournament was played in two different stages. In the first stage, the twelve participants were divided into three groups of four teams each. In the second stage, two groups were formed, one containing the winners and runners-up from all first stage groups (six teams in total) to contest the tournament title. A second group was formed by the remaining six teams which played for position places (7th to 12th). All groups in both stages played a single round-robin format.


1985 Women's Junior World Handball Championship
The 1985 Women's Junior World Handball Championship was the fifth edition of the tournament which took place in South Korea from 19 to 30 October 1985.


1985 Women's Junior World Handball Championship
Fifteen teams competed in the competition from three continents with only Spain debuting in the competition. Ivory Coast was meant to compete in the competition but had to withdraw. The gold medal went to the defending champions in the Soviet Union who claimed their fourth title after defeating South Korea by three goals in the final. Poland finished in third after defeating East Germany in second overtime.


1985 Women's South American Volleyball Championship
The 1985 Women's South American Volleyball Championship was the 16th edition of the Women's South American Volleyball Championship, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). It was held in Caracas, Venezuela, from 25 July to 1 August.


1985 Women's World Open Squash Championship
The 1985 Women's 7-Up World Open Squash Championship was the women's edition of the 1985 World Open, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in Dublin in Ireland during August 1985. Susan Devoy won the World Open title, defeating Lisa Opie in the final.


1985 Women's World Open Squash Championship, Draw and results, Notes
Susan Devoy won her first World Open and would go on to win four in total.


1985 Women's World Snooker Championship
The 1985 Women's World Snooker Championship was a women's snooker tournament that took place in October 1985 at Breaks Snooker Club, Solihull. The competition was sponsored by First Leisure and Mitchells & Butlers and attracted 78 entrants. It was the 1985 edition of the World Women's Snooker Championship, first held in 1976.


1985 Women's World Snooker Championship
The tournament was won by Allison Fisher, who lost only one frame during the event and defeated Stacey Hillyard 5–1 in the final. Fisher received £1,250 prize money for her win. This was Fisher's first world snooker title, and she would go on to win a total of seven championships before focusing her efforts on pool in the United States from 1995.


1985 Women's World Snooker Championship, Main draw
The results of the semi-finals and final are shown below.


1985 Women's World Team Squash Championships
The 1985 Women's Seven-Up World Team Squash Championships were held in Dublin, Ireland and took place from September 2 until September 7, 1985.


1985 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men took place on 16 and 17 February 1985 in Hamar at the Hamar stadion ice rink.


1985 World Allround Speed Skating Championships for women
The 46th edition of the World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Women took place on 9 and 10 February 1985 in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia at the Zetra Ice Rink.


1985 World Archery Championships
The 1985 World Archery Championships was the 33rd edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Seoul, South Korea in October 1985 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA). In this competition, the Korean men's team broke the United States' 26-year reign as champions.


1985 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 23rd Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1985.


1985 World Badminton Grand Prix Finals
The 1985 World Badminton Grand Prix was the third edition of the World Badminton Grand Prix finals. It was held in Tokyo, Japan, from December 12 to December 15, 1985.


1985 World Cup (men's golf)
The 1985 World Cup took place  at the La Quinta Resort & Club in La Quinta, California, United States. It was the 32nd World Cup event. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 31 teams, of which 15 teams were directly qualified through last years tournament. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The Canada team of Dave Barr and Dan Halldorson won by four strokes over the England team of Howard Clark and Paul Way. The individual competition for The International Trophy, was won by Howard Clark five strokes ahead of Christy O'Connor Jnr, Ireland.


1985 World Cup (snooker)
The 1985 Snooker World Cup sponsored by Guinness was a team snooker tournament with a revamped format. Gone was the round-robin system which had been in place since the first one in 1979 and the tournament was now a knock-out format with eight teams. It moved from October to March as the new Grand Prix tournament now took its old slot in the snooker calendar which was also played at the previous venue, the Hexagon Theatre in Reading. Guinness became the first of many sponsors for the next few years after British American Tobacco, under its trade name State Express, pulled out of all sport sponsorship in Great Britain. This new competition was now played at the new Bournemouth International Centre.


1985 World Cup (snooker)
England now played in two teams, with the defending champions competing as "England A" with the same players (Steve Davis, Tony Knowles and Tony Meo) while Jimmy White, Willie Thorne and John Spencer competed as "England B". The two Irish jurisdictions competed as "All-Ireland" and, for the first time since 1980, a "Rest of the World" team played with Silvino Francisco, Dene O'Kane and American pool player Jim Rempe (who also competed in 1980). Eventually, All-Ireland won the title, beating "England A" in a 17-frame final.


1985 World Doubles Championship
The 1985 Hofmeister World Doubles was the fourth staging of the doubles snooker tournament. It was played at the Derngate in Northampton and held between 4 and 15 December 1985 with the tournament televised on ITV.


1985 World Doubles Championship
Defending champions Alex Higgins and Jimmy White's hopes ended at the qualifying stages. Steve Davis and Tony Meo went of to regain the title beating Ray Reardon and Tony Jones who beat Dennis Taylor and Terry Griffiths in the semi-final in by now a three session final as it was with the other ITV snooker tournaments but all sessions of the final were never televised due to a strike by electricians. Davis and Meo also got the highest combined break of 174 in their semi-final match against Cliff Thorburn and Willie Thorne.


1985 World Doubles Championship, Results
Results from the last 16 onwards are shown below. Winning players are denoted in bold.


1985 World Fencing Championships
The 1985 World Fencing Championships were held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.


1985 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1985 World Figure Skating Championships were held at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan from March 3 to 10. At the event, sanctioned by the International Skating Union, medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.


1985 World Games
The 1985 World Games, the second World Games, were an international multi-sport event held in London, United Kingdom. Three main venues were used, the main one being the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre. The opening ceremony was held at the Wembley Conference Centre. The master of ceremonies was television commentator Ron Pickering. Competitors were addressed by World Games Association President Dr Un Yong Kim,who told competitors, "the World Games is an innovation that deserves a warm welcome." Games Patron Ryoichi Sasakawa underwrote the financial shortfall to enable the Games to take place.


1985 World Games
British Olympic Association Chairman Charles Palmer opened the Games on behalf of the British sports community. The song "World Game" by John Denver was adopted as the theme for the Games. Sports included field archery, taekwondo, karate, sambo, powerlifting, finswimming, roller sports, casting, korfball, water skiing, speedway, fistball, softball and netball. The ground team at Crystal Palace was headed by former Nottingham Forest player Roy Dwight with assistance from Tosh Chamberlain. Television coverage was produced by Cheerleader productions. Commentators included Simon Reed, Martin Tyler, Gerald Sinstadt and Dave Lanning.


1985 World Games, Titles
134 titles were awarded in 22 sports (not including two invitational sports).


1985 World Games, Titles
Venues included Wembley Conference Centre, Princes Club (Bedfont), Copthall Stadium. Wimbledon Stadium, Crystal Palace, David Lloyd Club, Tolmers Scout Camp and Stevenage Bowling Center.


1985 World Games, Medal table
The medal tally during the second World Games is as follows. Italy finished at the top of the medal standings. Two bronze medals were awarded in fistball and in each karate-kumite (9) and taekwondo (8) event.


1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition
The 1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition was developed in October 1985, at a conference of public health officials including representatives of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) in Bangui, Central African Republic. For this reason, it became known as the Bangui definition for AIDS. It was developed for use in countries where testing for HIV antibodies was not available.


1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition
The diagnosis of AIDS is established when the score is 12 or more.


1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition, Revision
The 1985 WHO AIDS surveillance case definition was heavily criticised, for both medical and political reasons. The 1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition was introduced in 1994 to incorporate the statement that HIV testing should be done. However, if testing was unavailable, then the Bangui definition should be used.


1985 World Indoor Bowls Championship
The 1985 Embassy World Indoor Bowls Championship  was held at the Coatbridge indoor bowling club, North Lanarkshire, Scotland, from 5–10 February 1985. Terry Sullivan won the title beating Cecil Bransky in the final 21-18.


1985 World Judo Championships
The 1985 World Judo Championships were the 14th edition of the World Judo Championships, and were held in Seoul, South Korea from September 26–29, 1985.


1985 World Junior Curling Championships
The 1985 World Junior Curling Championships were held from March 10 to 16 in Perth, Scotland for men's teams only.


1985 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 1985 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held on December 11–16, 1984 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. The event was sanctioned by the International Skating Union and open to ISU member nations. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.


1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (1985 WJHC) was the ninth edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship and was held mainly in Turku and Helsinki, Finland. Canada won the gold medal, its second championship,  Czechoslovakia silver and the Soviet Union bronze.


1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Final standings
The 1985 tournament was a round-robin format, with the top three teams winning gold, silver and bronze medals respectively.


1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Pool B
Eight teams contested the second tier this year in Sapporo Japan from March 15 to 24. It was played in a simple round robin format, each team playing seven games.


1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Pool B
Switzerland was promoted to Pool A and France was relegated to Pool C for 1986.


1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Pool C
This tournament took place in Belgium from February 22 to 27. It was played in Brussels, Heist-op-den-Berg, Liège, Geel, Deurne and Antwerp.


1985 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Pool C
A. While Total Hockey lists Denmark in their standings, passionhockey.com states that this was a Netherlands team that does not count in the standings. The IIHF encyclopedia does not include Denmark in the 1985 standings.


1985 World Marathon Cup
The 1985 World Marathon Cup was the first edition of the World Marathon Cup of athletics and were held in Hiroshima, Japan.


1985 World Masters Athletics Championships
The sixth World Masters Athletics Championships were held in Rome, Italy, from June 22-30, 1985. The World Masters Athletics Championships serve the division of the sport of athletics for people over 35 years of age, referred to as masters athletics.


1985 World Masters Athletics Championships
A full range of track and field events were held, along with a cross country race and a marathon.


1985 World Mountain Running Trophy
The 1985 World Mountain Running Championships was the 1st edition of the global mountain running competition, World Mountain Running Championships, organised by the World Mountain Running Association and was held in San Vigilio di Marebbe, Italy on 23 September 1985.


1985 World Mountain Running Trophy, Results, Men individual
Distance 14.6 km, difference in height 1082 m, participants 38.


1985 World Orienteering Championships
The 1985 World Orienteering Championships, the 11th World Orienteering Championships, were held in Bendigo, Australia, 4–6 September 1985.


1985 World Orienteering Championships
The championships had four events; individual contests for men and women, and relays for men and women.


1985 World Outdoor Bowls Championship
The 1985 Women's World Outdoor Bowls Championship  was held at the Reservoir Bowling Club  in Preston, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia from 13 February - 4 March 1985.


1985 World Outdoor Bowls Championship
Merle Richardson of Australia won the Sylko Trophy (Singles Gold medal), Australia also won the Sussex Trophy (Pairs) and Worthing Trophy (Triples). Scotland secured the Henselite Trophy (Fours) and Australia won the Taylor Trophy, sponsored by the Daily Mirror for the being the best overall team.


1985 World Rally Championship
The 1985 World Rally Championship was the 13th season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC). The season consisted of 12 rallies following the same schedule as the previous season. Peugeot Sport's Timo Salonen beat Audi Sport's Stig Blomqvist and Walter Röhrl to the drivers' title. Peugeot won their first manufacturers' title, ahead of Audi and Lancia.


1985 World Rally Championship, Summary
Peugeot Talbot Sport, having made a successful late-season entry to the Group B with their new Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 car, returned in 1985 for a full season with the car. Ari Vatanen, who had won three of the last four rallies of 1984 in the car, also returned with the team and in the first rally of the season, passed Walter Röhrl's Quattro in the snowy and icy terrain after incurring an eight-minute penalty caused by co-driver Terry Harryman's error. At the Swedish Rally, Vatanen won again, establishing himself as the early favorite for a driver's title, as well as putting Peugeot ahead of Audi.


1985 World Rally Championship, Summary
A disaster struck in May at the Tour de Corse. On the 4th stage of the rally, Italian driver Attilio Bettega crashed his Lancia 037 into a tree and was killed instantly. His co-driver Maurizio Perissinot survived the crash uninjured. The crash raised questions about the safety aspects of Group B cars. Exactly one year later at the same event Henri Toivonen suffered a similar fatal accident forcing FIA to ban Group B.


1985 World Rally Championship, Summary
Unfortunately, Vatanen had a major accident in Argentina while speeding down a long, straight road in top gear when his car crashed and rolled end-over-front. The flimsy exterior of the car shattered, but the strong rollcage absorbed most of the impact. The drivers were airlifted to hospital by Peugeot's helicopter, and Vatanen's injuries were severe and seemed life-threatening. Although he would recover and return to the sport, the Peugeot team was forced to turn to its other driver, Timo Salonen. Salonen had already taken the points lead and finished with the driver's championship on the strength of five rally wins.


1985 World Rally Championship, Summary
Audi Sport faced the dual pressure of Peugeot's strong 205 car in competition, and waning company commitment to the Quattro rally program. With the danger of Group B rally becoming a more publicized issue, the company was questioning its involvement in the sport unless major changes were made to improve safety. While both Stig Blomqvist and Walter Röhrl were retained as drivers, they suffered generally at the hands of the Peugeot team although they would ultimately place second and third respectively. Their season however only included a single rally win between them, with Röhrl's triumph at Sanremo proving to be Audi's last Group B victory in the World Rally Championship.


1985 World Rally Championship, Summary
The Lancia Martini team's season was an even greater disappointment than Audi's. The rear-wheel drive Lancia Sport 037 met with little success, even in the hands of such drivers as Markku Alén, Massimo Biasion, and Henri Toivonen. Toivonen would suffer an accident, breaking three vertebrae in his neck early on and missing most of the season. The team awaited the arrival of the Delta S4, a four-wheel-drive car, hoping it would give them a competitive advantage. Arriving for the final rally of the season, the RAC Rally, it succeeded in collecting the victory and giving the team hope for competing in the following season.


1985 World Rally Championship, Summary
Austin Rallying made its entrance to the rally scene with the new MG Metro 6R4 and its 3.0L V6 engine, taking a podium position at the RAC. Austin's success would be brief however, as the Metro would struggle in the final season of Group B competition in 1986. As with previous seasons, while all 12 events were calculated for tallying the drivers' scores, only 11 of the events applied to the championship for manufacturers. The event in 1985 which applied only to driver standings was Rallye Côte d'Ivoire.


1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were held in Valladolid, Spain on October 10–13, 1985.


1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, Participants
The following countries sent competitor(s) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Germany, Finland, France,  Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, The United Kingdom, USA, USSR, West Germany & Yugoslavia


1985 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, Participants, Groups
Countries who participated in the group competition are as follows.


1985 World Rowing Championships
The 1985 World Rowing Championships refer to the World Rowing Championships held from 26 August to 1 September 1985 at Hazewinkel in Belgium.


1985 World Sambo Championships
The 1985 World Sambo Championships were held in San Sebastian, Spain on September 1985. Championships were organized for first time by FIAS.


1985 World Series
The 1985 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1985 season. The 82nd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals and the National League (NL) champion St. Louis Cardinals. The Royals upset the heavily favored Cardinals in seven games. The Series was popularly known as the "Show-Me Series" or the "I-70 Showdown Series," as both cities are in the state of Missouri which is nicknamed the "Show Me State" and are connected by Interstate 70.