1985 World Series
The Cardinals won the NL East division by three games over the New York Mets, then defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers four games to two in the NL Championship Series. The Royals won the AL West division by one game over the California Angels, then defeated the Toronto Blue Jays four games to three in the AL Championship Series.


1985 World Series
The Cardinals were seeking to win their NL-leading 10th World Series title, while the Royals were seeking their first World Series title. The Royals were completing one of the most successful decades by any expansion team, with six division titles and two pennants from 1976 to 1985. This was the first World Series in which all games were played at night. Also, this was the first World Series to feature television commentator Tim McCarver, who called the games for ABC with Al Michaels and Jim Palmer.


1985 World Series
(Howard Cosell was originally scheduled to be in the booth with Michaels and Palmer but was removed from his assignment just prior to Game 1 because of the controversy surrounding his book I Never Played the Game.) McCarver would go on to call a record 24 World Series telecasts with ABC, CBS and Fox.


1985 World Series
This was the second all-Missouri World Series; the first in 1944 was all-St. Louis series between the Cardinals and Browns (a decade later, they became the Baltimore Orioles). This was the second of four World Series played completely on artificial turf; the first was in 1980 and the others were in 1987 and 1993.


1985 World Series
This is the most recent World Series in which the designated hitter was not used in an AL baseball park. From 1976 to 1985, the DH was used in all games in even-numbered years. In odd-numbered years, like this World Series, the pitchers from both were required to bat for themselves throughout the series, as in the National League. Beginning with the next World Series, the DH rule was used only at the AL representative's park.


1985 World Series
The 1985 World Series marked the fifth time in World Series history that a team came back from a three games to one deficit to win a championship, and the first in which that team lost the first two games of the series at home (in the following year's Series, the New York Mets won after losing the first two series games at home). Bret Saberhagen's victories in Games 3 and 7, allowing only a single run in both starts, earned him the World Series Most Valuable Player Award.


1985 World Series
In their 17th season, the Royals won their first World Series title; their next appearance was 29 years later in 2014 against the San Francisco Giants, but lost in seven games. A year later, the Royals won their second title, over the New York Mets.


1985 World Series, Summary
AL Kansas City Royals (4) vs. NL St. Louis Cardinals (3)


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
When Lonnie Smith led off for the Royals, he became the first player in MLB history to be traded from a team (the St. Louis Cardinals) during a season and play against that team in the World Series the same season.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
John Tudor scattered seven hits in 6⅔ innings for the Cards and won with relief help from Todd Worrell. The Royals struck first in the second on Steve Balboni's RBI single with runners on first and second, but the Cardinals tied it off of Danny Jackson in the third on Willie McGee's RBI groundout with runners on second and third. Next inning, Tito Landrum doubled with one out, then scored on late-season acquisition César Cedeño's RBI double to give Jackson the loss despite Jackson throwing seven innings of two-run ball. The Cardinals padded their lead in the ninth off of Dan Quisenberry when Tom Herr singled to lead off and scored on Jack Clark's double.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
This was the first Saturday night game in World Series history. The Series began on a Saturday from 1969 through 1976, and again from 1985 through 2006 (with the exception of 1990, which began on a Tuesday night).


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
The Royals went up 2–0 in the fourth off of Danny Cox when Willie Wilson hit a leadoff single that was followed by back-to-back RBI doubles by George Brett and Frank White. However Charlie Leibrandt continued a history of tough luck in the postseason. The previous year, he had lost Game 3 of the 1984 ALCS, 1–0, to the Detroit Tigers when he pitched a three-hit complete game. He lost Game 4 in the 1985 ALCS in the ninth inning.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
And clinging to a two-run lead in the ninth, manager Dick Howser opted to not send in his relief ace Dan Quisenberry to close out the game. Leibrandt allowed a leadoff double to Willie McGee, then was only one out from tying the series at one apiece when he allowed an RBI single to Jack Clark. After a double and walk loaded the bases, Terry Pendleton cleared them with a double and gave the Cardinals a 4–2 lead. Quisenberry came in and after he walked Darrell Porter he got out of the inning. Jeff Lahti earned a save with a scoreless bottom of the inning. The Cardinals' four run ninth would be the only inning in the series in which they scored more than one run.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
The Royals got back into the series by riding ace Bret Saberhagen to a 6–1 victory against twenty-game winner Joaquín Andújar. Saberhagen flashed messages on the television screen to his pregnant wife who was due to give birth any day. She eventually gave birth on October 26 (in Game 6). The Royals went up 2–0 in the fourth on Lonnie Smith's two-run double that scored Jim Sundberg and Buddy Biancalana, who had walked and singled, respectively.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
Royals second baseman Frank White made history by becoming the first second baseman in the history of the World Series to hit in the clean-up spot in the batting order. White came through with a two-run home run off of Andújar in the fifth after George Brett got on base. The Cardinals scored their only run of the game in the sixth off of Bret Saberhagen on consecutive singles by Ozzie Smith, Tom Herr, and Jack Clark. The Royals padded their lead in the seventh off of Ricky Horton when George Brett drew a leadoff walk, moved to second on a balk, then scored on White's double. Two outs later, White scored on Buddy Biancalana's single to cap the scoring.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
John Tudor's complete game shutout put the Cardinals on the verge of winning their second World Series in four years. Tito Landrum, only playing due to a tarp injury to Vince Coleman, continued to make his case for series MVP with a home run in the second off of Bud Black. Next inning, Willie McGee homered also to make it 2–0 Cardinals, who added to their lead in the fifth when Terry Pendleton tripled with one out and scored on Black's throwing error on Tom Nieto's bunt attempt.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
Entering this game, the Royals were 3–0 in must-win games in playoff elimination games. They improved their record to 4–0 with a decisive victory over the Cardinals, again by the score of 6–1. The Royals struck first on Frank White's groundout with runners on second and third in the top of the first off of Bob Forsch, but the Cardinals tied it off of Danny Jackson in the bottom half on back-to-back two-out doubles by Tom Herr and Jack Clark. However, they would not score after that.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
The Royals broke the game open in the second when Buddy Biancalana singled to score Jim Sundberg, who doubled with one out. After Lonnie Smith walked, Willie Wilson tripled home both runs to make it 4–1. The Royals added to their lead in the eighth off of Jeff Lahti on shortstop Ozzie Smith's throwing error on Danny Jackson's ground ball, then in the ninth on Pat Sheridan's RBI double.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
Jackson was the winning pitcher, following the same formula and pitching rotation as the Royals did in the ALCS where Jackson also won Game 5. Jackson threw an immaculate inning in the 7th, becoming the first (and to date, only) pitcher to strike out all three batters faced in one inning, using the minimum possible number of pitches (nine), during a World Series game. Jackson scattered 5 hits, allowing only 1 run in a complete game.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
A pitcher's duel unfolded between Danny Cox and Charlie Leibrandt, the tough-luck loser in Game 2. The game was marked by controversy. In the fourth inning of the scoreless game, the Royals' Frank White appeared to have stolen second base, but was ruled out in a questionable call. The batter, Pat Sheridan, hit a single to right field two pitches later. This would have likely given the Royals a 1–0 lead had White been called safe. Instead, Leibrandt and Cox traded scoreless innings until the eighth, when pinch-hitter Brian Harper singled home Terry Pendleton, who had singled earlier, to give the Cardinals a 1–0 lead.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
The Cardinals’ 1–0 lead entering the bottom of the eighth was the result of St. Louis taking the upper hand after two situations that were mirror images of each other: In consecutive half-innings – the bottom of the seventh and the top of the eighth – both teams had runners on first and second with their respective starting pitcher coming to bat. Kansas City manager Dick Howser opted to leave Leibrandt in the game to bat, but the Royals starter struck out to end the inning. In contrast, Whitey Herzog pulled Cardinals starter Cox for pinch hitter Harper, who then had the game’s first hit with runners in scoring position to put St. Louis ahead 1–0.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
In the bottom of the ninth, Herzog called on rookie reliever Todd Worrell to relieve setup man Ken Dayley, who had pitched the eighth and would have been the winner had the Cardinals won. The first batter, pinch-hitter Jorge Orta, sent a chopping bouncer to the right of Jack Clark. He tossed the ball to Worrell, who tagged the bag ahead of Orta, but Clark's toss was behind Worrell and it allowed the running Orta to start to come between umpire Don Denkinger and his view of the lunging Worrell's glove. Denkinger called Orta safe.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Replays indicated that Orta should have been called out, and an argument ensued on the field. The Cardinals argued briefly but as crew chief and believing he had made the correct call, Denkinger would not reverse it. Orta remained at first. In his book You're Missing A Great Game, Herzog wrote that he later wished he had asked Commissioner Peter Ueberroth, who was in attendance, to overrule the call and declare Orta out. If Ueberroth had refused to do so, Herzog would have pulled his team from the field and forfeited the game.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Instead of one out and no one on, the Royals now had no outs and a runner on first for batter Steve Balboni. Balboni lifted a pop-up in foul territory along the edge of the first base dugout. Jack Clark, who had only recently made the transition from right field to first base that season, lost track of the ball as he looked to find the dugout and the ball dropped on the top step of the dugout. Balboni then singled two pitches later, putting runners at first and second with nobody out.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Onix Concepción was sent in as a pinch-runner for the slow-footed Balboni. Catcher Jim Sundberg attempted to sacrifice the runners over, but he failed. With two strikes, he bunted anyway, and it was sent back to Worrell, who threw to third to force out Orta, the only out the Cardinals would record. Porter then allowed a passed ball allowing Concepción and Sundberg to advance to third and second, respectively.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
With first base now open and two runners in scoring position, Herzog then chose to walk Royals pinch-hitter Hal McRae to set up a potential double-play. McRae would be replaced by the faster John Wathan to pinch-run to avoid a potential double play. With the bases loaded and one out, pinch-hitter Dane Iorg blooped a single to right field. Pinch runner Onix Concepción scored the tying run and Sundberg approached the plate with the winning run. Right fielder Andy Van Slyke's throw was on the money, but Porter was unable to tag Sundberg before he slid home safely with the game-winning run.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
The Royals celebrated the rally, and mobbed home plate. The Cardinals went to their dressing rooms, only to find champagne waiting for them and plastic over their lockers in anticipation for the celebration that never came. Denkinger stated that he still believed he had made the right call until he later met with Commissioner Peter Ueberroth after the game and had the opportunity to see the replay himself. He would later claim that he was waiting to hear the ball land in Worrell's glove while watching the bag for Orta's foot.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Due to the crowd noise in Royals Stadium, he ruled Orta safe because he never heard Worrell catch the ball. "I was in good position, but Worrell is tall, the throw was high, and I couldn't watch his glove and his feet at the same time," Denkinger told Sports Illustrated. "It was a soft toss, and there was so much crowd noise, I couldn't hear the ball hit the glove." Denkinger was also scheduled to be the home plate umpire in Game 7.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Kansas City's next World Series appearance came in 2014. In the third inning of that series' Game 7, after umpire challenges were allowed in major league play, San Francisco Giants manager Bruce Bochy challenged an umpire call where Eric Hosmer of the Royals was initially ruled safe at first base. After video review, the call was overturned, resulting in a double play. It was the first successful manager challenge of an umpire call in World Series history.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
One night after becoming a father, Bret Saberhagen tossed a five-hitter and got all the offense he needed when Darryl Motley homered to left off John Tudor in the second inning, after a walk to Steve Balboni. In the third, Lonnie Smith led off with a walk, and with one out George Brett hit an infield single. After a double steal, Tudor issued walks to Frank White to load the bases and Jim Sundberg to force in Smith, making it 3–0. Tudor was replaced with Bill Campbell after only 2⅓ innings. Balboni singled to left off Campbell to score Brett and White to make it 5–0. Tudor walked four and was charged with all five runs. In the dugout, he angrily punched an electrical fan, cutting his pitching hand.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
The Royals blew the game open in the bottom of the fifth. A succession of five Cardinal pitchers allowed six Royals runs, five coming after two were out. Campbell gave up a single to Sundberg and was immediately replaced by Jeff Lahti, who allowed four runs before being replaced by Ricky Horton. However, after Horton gave up a single to Brett, Herzog immediately replaced him with Joaquín Andújar, normally a starter but pressed into relief. Andújar allowed an RBI single to Frank White to increase the Royals lead to 10–0.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
With Sundberg at the plate (the Royals had batted around), Andújar twice charged home plate umpire Denkinger to disagree with his strike zone. First, Denkinger called an Andújar pitch a ball. Herzog, who had been berating Denkinger for most of the game, rushed from the dugout to defend Andújar, and was ejected—reportedly after saying to Denkinger, "We wouldn't even be here if you hadn't missed the fucking call last night!" According to Denkinger, he replied "Well if you guys weren't hitting .120 in this World Series, we wouldn't be here."


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
The next pitch was also called a ball, and Denkinger ejected Andújar, who then charged at Denkinger. It took three teammates to restrain him and get him off the field. Andújar was suspended for the first ten games of the 1986 season for his outburst. Although it has been rumored that Herzog sent in Andújar specifically to bait Denkinger, Herzog himself has said several times Andújar was the only pitcher who still had anything left in his arm.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
After the ejection, Game 4 loser Bob Forsch walked Sundberg (the walk was charged to Andújar), but got out of the fifth-inning nightmare. He pitched a clean sixth inning and Ken Dayley kept the Royals off the scoreboard for the last two innings, but it was not enough as the Cardinals could not score any runs against Saberhagen.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
The Royals became the first team ever to win the World Series after dropping Games 1 and 2 at home. The following year, the New York Mets accomplished the same feat by defeating the Boston Red Sox in seven games. In the 1996 World Series, the New York Yankees lost their first two games at home against the defending 1995 World Series champion Atlanta Braves before winning four straight to claim the title.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
The Royals also were the fifth team in MLB history to come back from a three games to one deficit to win a best-of-seven World Series, the previous teams being the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, 1958 New York Yankees, 1968 Detroit Tigers, and the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates. The '85 Royals had also come back from a three games to one deficit to win the American League Championship Series against the Toronto Blue Jays, making them the first team to do so (the championship series had changed from a best-of-five to a best-of-seven format in 1985). The six elimination games won by the Royals represent a Major League record for a single postseason, a record which would later be equaled by the 2012 San Francisco Giants.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
The Cardinals' .185 batting average was the lowest for a seven-game World Series until the New York Yankees hit .183 in the 2001 World Series against the Arizona Diamondbacks. The Cardinals also scored only 13 total runs—an all-time low for a seven-game series—scoring only once in the final 26 innings of the series. If they had held on for the win in Game 6, they still would have been outscored in the series 15–13.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
The Royals did not play in another postseason game until the 2014 American League Wild Card Game.


1985 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
This was Kansas City's second major professional sports championship, joining the Chiefs' victory in Super Bowl IV in January 1970. Each franchise has added one championship, the Royals in 2015 and the Chiefs in Super Bowl LIV in February 2020.


1985 World Series, Composite box
1985 World Series (4–3): Kansas City Royals (A.L.) over St. Louis Cardinals (N.L.)


1985 World Series of Poker
The 1985 World Series of Poker (WSOP) was a series of poker tournaments held at Binion's Horseshoe.


1985 World Series of Poker, Main Event
There were 141 entrants to the main event. Each paid $10,000 to enter the tournament. The 1985 Main Event final table featured two players, Berry Johnston and Hamid Dastmalchi, who would go on to win the Main Event later on their careers.


1985 World Series of Poker, Main Event, Other High Finishes
NB: This list is restricted to top 30 finishers with an existing Wikipedia entry.


1985 World Shotgun Championships
The 1982 World Shotgun Championships was the 17th edition of the global shooting competition World Shotgun Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.


1985 World Snooker Championship
The 1985 World Snooker Championship (also known as the 1985 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purpose of sponsorship) was a ranking professional snooker tournament that took place from 12 to 28 April 1985 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), the event was the ninth consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible, the first tournament having taken place in 1977.


1985 World Snooker Championship
A five-round qualifying event for the championship was held at the Preston Guild Hall from 27 to 31 March for 87 players, 16 of whom reached the main stage, where they met the 16 invited seeded players. The tournament was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, and was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company. The winner received £60,000, which was the highest amount ever received by the winner of a snooker event at that time.


1985 World Snooker Championship
The defending champion was Englishman Steve Davis, who had previously won the World Championship three times. He met Northern Irishman Dennis Taylor in the final which was a best-of-35-frames match. Davis took an early 9–1 lead, but Taylor battled back into the match and drew level at 17–17, forcing a deciding frame. The 35th frame was contested over the final black ball, with the player able to pot the ball winning the world title. After both players missed the black twice, Taylor potted the ball to win his sole World Championship. The match, often referred to as the "black ball final", is commonly considered to be the best-known match in the history of snooker and a reason for the surge in the sport's popularity in the 1980s and 1990s.


1985 World Snooker Championship
Canadian Bill Werbeniuk scored the championship's highest break, a 143, in his first-round match. There were 14 century breaks compiled during the championship, with ten more in qualifying matches. This was the first professional snooker championship to introduce a ban on performance-enhancing substances, with all players in the main stage having to undertake drug tests. The final between Davis and Taylor holds the record for the most-viewed broadcast in the United Kingdom of a programme shown after midnight, with a peak of 18.5 million viewers for the match's final frame, breaking the existing records for the most-viewed sporting event and BBC2 programme.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview
The World Snooker Championship is a professional tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. Developed in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, snooker was popular in the United Kingdom before being introduced to Europe and the Commonwealth. The sport is now played worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview
The World Championship is organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). It features 32 professional players competing in one-on-one single-elimination matches, played over several frames. The players are selected to take part using a combination of the world snooker rankings and a pre-tournament qualification round. The first World Championship, in 1927, was won by Joe Davis in a final at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the tournament has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview
The 1984 championship was won by England's Steve Davis, who defeated fellow countryman Jimmy White 18–16 in the final; this was Davis's third world championship win, following his victories in 1981 and 1983. The winner of the 1985 championship received a prize of £60,000 from a total of £250,000, the highest first prize amount for a snooker event to that date.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview
The tournament was the first snooker event to feature drug tests for the participants, as mandated by the WPBSA on 9 April 1985; the tests were proposed by WPBSA board member Barry Hearn. The event was broadcast by the BBC in the United Kingdom, with over 90 hours of coverage. The estimated cost for the fortnight's broadcast was reportedly £3 million. The championship was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview, Format
The championship was held from 12 to 28 April 1985 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the ninth consecutive World Championship to be held at the venue. It was the last ranking event of the 1984–85 snooker season. There were 103 entrants from the World Snooker Tour, with 32 participants in the competition's main draw. A five-round knockout qualifying competition with 87 players, held at Preston Guild Hall between 27 and 31 March, produced the 16 qualifying players who progressed into the main draw to play the top 16 seeds. The draw for the tournament was made at the Savoy Hotel in London on 16 January 1985.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview, Format
The top 16 players in the latest world rankings automatically qualified for the main draw as seeded players. As defending champion, Steve Davis was seeded first for the event; the remaining 15 seeds were allocated based on world rankings for the 1984–85 season. Matches in the first round of the main draw were played as best-of-19-frames. The number of frames needed to win a match increased to 13 in the second round and quarter-finals, and 16 in the semi-finals; the final match was played as best-of-35-frames.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview, Format
Six former world champions participated in the main tournament at the Crucible: Ray Reardon (1970, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1978), Steve Davis (1981, 1983, and 1984), John Spencer (1969, 1971, and 1977), Alex Higgins (1972 and 1982), Cliff Thorburn (1980) and Terry Griffiths (1979). Four players made their world championship debuts, all via the qualifying event: Dene O'Kane, Eugene Hughes, Tony Jones, and Wayne Jones.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Overview, Prize fund
The event had a total prize fund of £250,000, an increase of £50,000 in the total prize pool from the previous year, and the winner received £60,000, an increase of £16,000 from the previous year. The prize amount was a new record high for snooker event. The breakdown of prize money for the tournament was:


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Qualifying
The qualifying rounds for the event were played from 27 to 31 March at the Preston Guildhall. The qualifying competition consisted of five knockout rounds, starting with 87 players. There were seven matches in the first round, bringing the number of remaining players to 80. The other four qualifying rounds each contained 16 matches, the winners of each round meeting the 16 higher-ranked players who had been seeded into the next round. The 16 winners from the fifth and final qualifying round met the top 16 seeds in the first round of the main competition.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Qualifying
All qualifying matches were played as best-of-19-frames. John Dunning was seeded into the third round of qualifying, where he played his first return match since his heart attack at the 1984 Grand Prix; he lost the match to Wayne Jones, 6–10. Danny Fowler made the highest break of the qualifying competition, scoring a 137 in his 10–0 victory over Jim Donnelly in the fourth round, before losing 2–10 to John Parrott in the fifth. Fred Davis, aged 71 and eight-time champion between 1948 and 1956, defeated Robert Chaperon 10–9 in the fourth round of qualifying but lost 6–10 to Rex Williams in the fifth.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, First round
The first round of the championship, from 12 to 17 April, featured 32 players competing in 16 best-of-19-frames matches in two sessions; each seeded player competed against a qualifier. The first match to finish was between second seed Tony Knowles and qualifier Tony Jones. Knowles won four straight frames before he was pegged back to 4–4. Jones took four of the next five frames to lead 8–5 but eventually lost 8–10. As part of an initiative to remove performance-enhancing substances, drug tests were performed for the first time during the event; Knowles was the first player tested.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, First round
A series of articles in the Daily Star about drug abuse in the championship was based on statements reportedly by Silvino Francisco. Francisco trailed 1–8 after the first session of his first-round match against 11th seed Dennis Taylor, and lost the match 2–10. At a press conference held afterwards, World Snooker chairman Rex Williams said that there was no evidence of drug use in the sport, and Francisco apologised to Kirk Stevens (the player named in the Daily Star articles), claiming that the statements in the article were a "total lie".


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, First round
Top seed and defending champion, Steve Davis, won his match against Neal Foulds 10–8 to reach the second round. Only two unseeded players won their first-round matches: Patsy Fagan defeated 12th seed Willie Thorne 10–6 and John Parrott defeated 13th seed John Spencer 10–3. Spencer was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis shortly after the tournament; his vision was affected and he won only two matches all season. After being defeated twice during the season by Eugene Hughes, six-time champion and fifth seed Ray Reardon won 10–9 against Hughes on a deciding frame.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, First round
In a low-scoring match between ninth seed Alex Higgins and Dean Reynolds, neither player produced a break of over 30 points in the first three frames. Reynolds won just the fifth frame of the opening session, Higgins taking an 8–1 lead and eventually winning 10–4. John Virgo led tenth seed Tony Meo 5–4 after the first session, but won just one frame in the second session to lose 6–10. In a press conference after the match, Virgo said: "I don't think Tony played well enough to beat me. It was the run of the balls that beat me. That's the way it has been for me for six years. I can't explain it. I practise hard. I play well, but sometimes that is not enough. You need a lot of luck in this game and I didn't get any at all."


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, First round
Although fourth seed Kirk Stevens defeated Ray Edmonds 10–8, snooker pundit Clive Everton said that his standard of play was not that of a top-four player and Edmonds "made [Stevens] work". In a slow first session, Rex Williams and eighth seed Terry Griffiths played seven (instead of the planned nine) frames; Griffiths led 6–1 after three hours and 38 minutes, eventually winning the match 10–3. Bill Werbeniuk (seeded 14th), who had not won a match all season, defeated Joe Johnson 10–8 and scored a 143 break in the tenth frame – the third-highest break at the championship at that time.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, First round
Third seed Cliff Thorburn defeated Mike Hallett, 10–8; 15th seed Doug Mountjoy defeated Murdo MacLeod, 10–5; 16th seed David Taylor defeated Dene O'Kane, 10–4; and sixth seed Eddie Charlton defeated John Campbell, 10–3, in an all-Australian tie.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Second round
The second round, from 18 to 22 April, was played as eight best-of-25-frames matches. Steve Davis led David Taylor 3–0 and 6–3 before winning seven of the eight frames in the second session to win 13–4, scoring century breaks in the eighth (100) and eleventh (105) frames. Alex Higgins and Terry Griffiths were tied 5–5 after ten frames. Griffiths pulled ahead during the second session, leading 10–6, and won three of the first four frames of the final session to win 13–7. John Parrott led Kirk Stevens 6–2 after the first session and eventually won, 13–6.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Second round
Ray Reardon and Patsy Fagan were tied after the first session, 4–4, before Reardon pulled ahead 7–5. Reardon fluked the final black ball of frame 13 to lead 8–5, and pulled ahead 12–9 before his cue tip came off in frame 22 when he was well ahead on points. Reardon would have been allowed 15 minutes to replace his cue tip, but Fagan offered to let Reardon use his cue. Reardon accepted, using Fagan's borrowed cue to complete his victory. In an all-Canadian second-round match, Cliff Thorburn defeated Bill Werbeniuk 13–3 with a session to spare. Two former event finalists, Dennis Taylor and Eddie Charlton, met in the second round; Taylor defeated Charlton, 13–6. Seventh seed Jimmy White overcame Tony Meo, after being tied 10–10, to win 13–11. In the final second-round match, Tony Knowles defeated Doug Mountjoy 13–6.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
The quarter-finals were played as best-of-25-frames matches in three sessions on 23 and 24 April. Terry Griffiths led Steve Davis after winning the first four frames of the match, but finished the first session at 4–4. Davis won six of the eight frames in the second session to lead 10–6. In the first frame of the third session, Griffiths committed a foul by touching a ball with his waistcoat, following which Davis made a break of 80 to win the frame. Davis also took the next two frames, winning 13–6 to reach his fourth World Championship semi-final.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
John Parrott also won the first four frames of his match against Ray Reardon, and led 5–3 after the first session. Parrott extended his lead to 9–5 in the second session, but missed two green balls in successive frames to lead by only 9–7 after the session. Reardon won the first five frames of the third session (seven in a row) to lead 12–9, and Parrott won the next three frames to force a deciding frame. With one red left on the table, Parrott led by seven points; Reardon snookered Parrott, and won a free ball to win the match with a break of 31.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
Due to slow play, only six of the eight frames of the opening session between Dennis Taylor and Cliff Thorburn were played. Taylor took a lead of 4–0, before ending the session at 4–2. The session was described as interesting by Clive Everton of The Guardian, however, due to the "high quality of the tactical play." The second session was also long-winded, with the match adjourned at 1:21 a.m. (after nine hours and 45 minutes of play); Taylor led 10–5, with a frame still to be played.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
Resuming the match, Taylor won three straight frames to win 13–5 and reach his fifth semi-final. Thorburn said after the match that both players were at fault for the slow play: "I wasn't the only one playing safe. If I had played well, this would have been the longest match ever." There was only one break of over 50 in the entire match, made by Taylor in the final frame.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Quarter-finals
Second seed Tony Knowles played Jimmy White, and led 5–3 after the first session. Knowles made a break of 137 during the session, but missed the black; it would have been the tournament's highest break. He retained his lead through the second session, despite twice being a pot away from being tied; the session finished 9–7. Returning to the match, Knowles won the next two frames but White won a re-spotted black in frame 19. Knowles handled the pressure better than White, and won 13–10.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played on 25 and 26 April as best-of-31-frames matches over four sessions. Reigning champion Steve Davis defeated Ray Reardon, needing only three sessions to secure a 16–5 victory. Reardon, the oldest-ever World Championship semi-finalist, failed to play at the level he had played against Parrott. Although Reardon had won his previous matches with strong safety play, Davis's long potting created opportunities throughout the match. Janice Hale of Snooker Scene magazine wrote that the match had "an air of inevitability", with Davis in full control. Davis compiled the 100th century break made at the Crucible, a 106 break in frame 13. In winning, he reached his third straight World Championship final.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Semi-finals
Tony Knowles played Dennis Taylor in the second semi-final. After winning the first two frames, Knowles won only three more frames in the rest of the match; Taylor led 10–5 after the second session, and then took six frames in a row to win the match in three sessions. Knowles had expected to win, as the higher-seeded player, but he failed to exhibit the form he had shown earlier in the tournament and fell by the same scoreline as Reardon. Afterwards, he could not understand how he had lost to a lower-seeded player. Taylor said that he had seen Knowles get "angry" during the match, however, and that he had "thrown his cue" at a few shots. Knowles also lost the following year's event in the semi-finals to eventual champion Joe Johnson.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Final
The final was played between Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor on 27 and 28 April as a best-of-35-frames match over four sessions. This was Davis's fourth world final, having won the title in 1981, 1983, and 1984; and Taylor's second, having lost 16–24 to Terry Griffiths in the 1979 final. Davis and Taylor had met at the World Championship on two previous occasions, Taylor winning their first-round encounter in 1979 and Davis winning the semi-final in 1984.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Final
Although Taylor scored a break of 50 in the first frame of the match, Davis won all seven frames of the opening session to lead 7–0. At the start of the second session, Davis took the eighth frame and was leading in frame nine but missed a thin cut on the green ball. This error was later considered the turning point of the match, as it allowed Taylor to win his first frame, Davis however won the next fame to lead 9–1, but Taylor won six frames in a row to finish the second session 7–9 behind overnight.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Final
On the second day, Taylor tied the match at 11–11 and 15–15, but was never ahead at any point. Davis won the next two frames to lead 17–15, needing one more frame to win the championship. Taylor clinched frame 33 and then made a break of over 50 to tie the match at 17–17, forcing a deciding frame.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Final
The final frame lasted more than an hour, finishing after midnight British Summer Time. Davis led 62–44, with just the last four balls to play, Taylor requiring all four to win the match. He potted difficult shots on the brown, blue, and pink, leaving the black ball to determine the winner of the championship. With the black safe, both players attempted to double the ball. The first real opportunity fell to Taylor, with a long pot to the baulk corner, but he missed the shot; according to commentator Jim Meadowcroft, "That was the biggest shot of his life".


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Final
Davis was left with a thin cut on the black; he stepped up to the table and again missed the shot, leaving Taylor a mid-range shot. Ted Lowe said, "This is really unbelievable" before Taylor potted the black and won the match. Taylor was not ahead at any point during the match, until the final pot. The final between Davis and Taylor attracted 18.5 million viewers on BBC2, the programme finishing at 12:23 a.m. after Taylor had won the title. The viewership was the highest for any broadcast after midnight in the United Kingdom, and the most-viewed show on BBC2. The match became known as "the black ball final".


1985 World Snooker Championship, Tournament summary, Final
After potting the final ball, Taylor raised his cue stick; he "waggled" his finger and kissed the winner's trophy. He said in a 2009 interview that the gesture was aimed at his "good mate" Trevor East, whom he had told he would win. At a press conference afterwards, he said that the match was the "best he had ever been involved in [his] life". Taylor dedicated the world championship to his late mother who had died the previous year. Unwilling to play snooker, he had withdrawn from the 1984 International Open. His family and friends had persuaded him to play again in the Grand Prix event, where he won his first professional title by defeating Cliff Thorburn in the final.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Main draw
The results for each round of the main stage of the championship are shown below. The numbers in parentheses beside some of the players are their seeding ranks (each championship has 16 seeds and 16 qualifiers).


1985 World Snooker Championship, Qualifying
Five rounds of qualifying were played for the event between 27 and 31 March at the Preston Guildhall.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Legacy
On his return to Northern Ireland, Taylor received a victory parade in a Land Rover across his home town of Coalisland in front of 10,000 people. He was loaned mayoral robes on the day of the parade, and was accompanied by his wife and three children. He later signed a five-year contract with promoter Barry Hearn as his manager. Media covering the tournament called Steve Davis a "bad loser" for his silence and one-word responses to questions from David Vine at a press conference after the event. The press conference was later used as the basis for a Spitting Image skit on Davis. Taylor's victory is the most-viewed sporting event in the United Kingdom to date, and remains the most-viewed BBC2 program of all time.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Legacy
The tournament final was recreated and redistributed by the BBC in various forms. At the 2010 World Snooker Championship, to celebrate the 25th anniversary, Taylor and Davis replayed the final frame with commentary by John Virgo. The frame was played as an exhibition, with both players attempting to re-create the shots on the final black ball. The 1985 championship was examined in the BBC documentary, When Snooker Ruled the World, with particular emphasis on the final. Another one-hour BBC documentary on the final, Davis v Taylor: The '85 Black Ball Final, which featured interviews with Taylor's friends and family in Northern Ireland, was presented by Colin Murray.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Legacy
During the 2015 World Snooker Championship, Davis presented Celebrity Black Ball Final on the BBC in which celebrities played the final two shots of the match; guests included Rebecca Adlington, Joey Essex, Russell Watson, Richard Osman and Josh Widdicombe. A 2017 BBC poll found the final to be the Crucible's "most memorable" moment, with the match receiving more than half the votes. Ronnie O'Sullivan's 1997 maximum break finished second. Davis also lost the following year's final, this time to Joe Johnson, but won another three world titles, in 1987, 1988 and 1989. Taylor never reached the final again, falling to the "Crucible curse" at the 1986 championship with a first-round loss to Mike Hallett.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Century breaks
There were 14 century breaks in the championship. Bill Werbeniuk's 143 against Joe Johnson in the first round was the joint third-highest break in the championship's history, tied with Willie Thorne's in 1982. Only Cliff Thorburn's maximum break in 1983 and Doug Mountjoy's 145 in 1981 were higher. Tony Knowles missed the black on a break of 137 that would have scored a 144 in his quarter-final with Jimmy White.


1985 World Snooker Championship, Century breaks, Qualifying stages
There were ten century breaks in the qualifying stages; the highest was made by Danny Fowler in his 10–0 whitewash of Jim Donnelly in the fourth round of qualifying.


1985 World Snooker Championship final
The 1985 World Snooker Championship final, also known as the black ball final, was played on the weekend of 27–28 April 1985 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The final of the 1985 World Snooker Championship was between defending world champion Steve Davis and 1979 runner-up Dennis Taylor. It was Davis's fourth appearance in a final, and Taylor's second. The best-of-35-frame match was split into four sessions. Davis won every frame in the first session to lead 7–0, but only led 9–7 and 13–11 after the second and third sessions.


1985 World Snooker Championship final
Until the final frame, Taylor was never ahead in frames, but he tied the match three times at 11–11, 15–15 and 17–17. The deciding frame culminated over several shots on the final ball – the black. Taylor potted the ball to win his only world championship. Media outlets reported this as a major shock; Davis had been widely predicted to win the match, having won three of the previous four world championships.


1985 World Snooker Championship final
The final took place during the eighth year of the BBC's daily coverage of the championship and climaxed in the early hours of Monday 29 April. It was viewed by 18.5 million people in the United Kingdom, which as of 2021 remains a record viewing figure for BBC2, and as of 2020 is still the record for a post-midnight audience for any British television channel. The total match time of 14 hours and 50 minutes is the longest ever recorded for a best-of-35-frames match. It is the only final at this venue to contain no century breaks.


1985 World Snooker Championship final
The final is one of the most famous matches in snooker history and part of the reason for the surge in the sport's popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. Two hour-long BBC documentaries, When Snooker Ruled the World from 2002 and Davis v Taylor: The '85 Black Ball Final made in 2010, commemorated the event. The final frame was released in full on home video as "The Greatest Snooker Final of All Time". The post-match single-word responses to the press from Davis would later be used as a basis for a recurring caricature of him in the television show Spitting Image.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Background
The World Snooker Championship is a professional snooker tournament first held in 1927 and becoming an annual event in 1969. The 1985 World Snooker Championship final was the culmination of the last world ranking event of the 1984–85 snooker season. The tournament featured a 32-participant main draw, with 16 seeded players and 16 players from a pre-tournament qualification competition. Matches at the event were played over a series of frames, the final being the best-of-35 frames over four sessions. The final was broadcast on the BBC for the eighth year in a row, with the winner receiving £60,000 (equivalent to £183,000 in 2019), the highest prize for a snooker event to that date.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Background, Road to the final
Steve Davis, ranked as the world number one, overcame Neal Foulds 10–8 in the opening round in what was Davis's closest match until the final. He then played David Taylor in the second round, holding at least a three-frame lead throughout much of the match, and eventually won 13–4 after winning seven frames out of eight. Davis trailed for the first time at the event in the quarter-finals, as he played Terry Griffiths. Griffiths won the first four frames, but Davis won the next four to tie the match 4–4. With the scores even, Davis won six of the next eight to lead 10–6 after the second session and eventually won 13–6. In the semi-final, Davis required just three of the four scheduled sessions to overcome Ray Reardon 16–5.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Background, Road to the final
Dennis Taylor, ranked 11, led Silvino Francisco 8–1 in the opening session, and won the match 10–2. In the second round, Taylor played Eddie Charlton where he won 13–6. Taylor played Cliff Thorburn in the quarter-finals, in a match full of slow play. He led 10–5 after an over nine-hour second session, but won the first three frames in the final session to win 13–5. In the semi-final Taylor lost the first two frames against Tony Knowles, but won 16 of the next 19 to win 16–5, the same scoreline as Davis.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match report
The final was played on 27–28 April 1985 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Davis went into the tournament as the defending champion. The two players had met twelve months earlier in the semi-finals of the 1984 World Championship, Davis winning 16–9, having only lost one match to Taylor in nine matches. Davis was competing in his fourth world championship final, having reached the final and won in 1981, 1983 and 1984. Taylor was contesting his second final, having lost to Terry Griffiths 16–24 in 1979. Davis had never lost a prior ranking event final.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match report
Taylor started the 1985 final with a break of 50, but Davis gained a firm advantage by whitewashing Taylor in the first session and also winning the first frame of the second session to lead 8–0. Taylor won the ninth frame on the pink ball after Davis missed a pot on the green ball. Davis lost six of the next seven frames, as Taylor produced the highest break of the final, a 98, to trail 7–9 overnight. Davis won two of the first three frames on the second day, to lead 11–8, before Taylor tied the match at 11–11.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match report
Davis took both of the next two frames on the final black ball to lead 13–11. Taylor won four of the next six and again drew level at 15–15. Davis won the next two frames to regain the lead at 17–15. Taylor then won a closely fought 33rd frame, followed by a 57 break in frame 34, to level the match at 17–17 and force a deciding frame.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match report, The final frame
The 35th frame was the last of the final, and lasted 68 minutes. Davis led 62–44, with only the last four coloured balls on the table, worth 22 points. Taylor potted the brown ball along much of the length of the table, and then the blue ball with a slowly played cut. He then pocketed the pink ball from the side cushion. This left Taylor trailing 59–62 with only the black ball, worth seven points, remaining.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match report, The final frame
Taylor attempted a double into the left middle pocket. The shot missed, but the ball rebounded to a safe position at the top of the table. Davis then played a safety shot, putting the black near the middle of the baulk cushion and leaving the cue ball near the right-hand cushion, a little above the corner pocket. In response, Taylor again attempted to double the black ball, this time into the top-left corner pocket. The black missed but eventually landed above the left middle pocket to a safe position.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match report, The final frame
Davis's next attempt double-kissed and left Taylor with a middle-distance pot to the corner pocket. Taylor missed the pot, which commentator Jim Meadowcroft described as "the biggest shot of his life". This left Davis a thin cut shot in the top left corner. He missed the shot, and left the black in a pottable position into the same pocket. Taylor made his way to the table and potted the black to win the match. The final finished at 12:23 a.m. on 29 April 1985.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match report, The final frame
After potting the ball, Taylor held his cue stick above his head, and waggled his finger in celebration. He said in a 2009 interview that the gesture was aimed at his "good mate" Trevor East, whom he had told he would win. In a post-match interview with David Vine, Davis commented that the loss was "all there in black and white", and Taylor commented that the match was "the greatest that [Taylor] had been involved with". Taylor cited defeating Thorburn, whom he described as the "hardest player in the world", and Davis, whom he described as the "best player in the world". Taylor claimed that as he had defeated Davis he was "the best in the world this year".


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Match statistics
The scores for the match are shown below. Scores in parentheses denote player breaks, while frames won are denoted by bold text and .


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Legacy
The final is often considered one of the most famous snooker matches of all time by players and fans. The match holds several records. The final is the longest match ever held over the length of 35 frames at 14 hours and 50 minutes. The concluding moments of the final were watched by 18.5 million viewers, which as of 2020 is the most ever in the United Kingdom for a broadcast after midnight and for any BBC2 programme. Taylor lost in the opening round at the following year's event, and Davis lost again in the final to Joe Johnson 12–18.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Legacy
He won the next three championships between 1987 and 1989, winning the event six times in total. Davis and Taylor met on one further occasion, in the quarter-final of the 1991 World Snooker Championship, Davis winning comfortably 13–7. Taylor never reached the final again, but did win the Masters in 1987, again producing a comeback, this time against Alex Higgins.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Legacy
Taylor's mother had died in September 1984, the year prior, so he had dedicated his win at the 1984 Grand Prix in October to her. His win at the world championship he also dedicated to his mother's life. On his return to Northern Ireland, Taylor received a victory parade in a Land Rover across his home town of Coalisland in front of 10,000 people. He was loaned mayoral robes on the day of the parade, and was accompanied by his wife and three children. He later signed a five-year contract with promoter Barry Hearn as his manager. The media described Davis as a "bad loser" for his silence and one-word responses to questions from David Vine at a press conference following the event. This was later used as the basis for a recurring character on the television show Spitting Image, based on Davis.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Legacy
Some months after the 1985 World Championship, a special programme was recorded in which both players watched the entire final frame and discussed it shot by shot. For the penultimate shot, where Davis missed the cut into the corner pocket, he stated "I was saying to myself, don't hit it thick" and "that's how you bottle it, by hitting it thick." He summarised: "although I missed the black, it wasn't that shot which lost the match. There were other shots earlier in the frame."


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Legacy
In particular, Davis mentions how close he was to being able to pot a pink which he suggested changed the course of the match. The programme was later released on DVD as The Greatest Snooker Final of All Time by Retro Videos. The black-ball finish was voted the ninth greatest sporting moment of all time in a 2002 Channel 4 poll.


1985 World Snooker Championship final, Legacy
During the 2010 World Championship, Taylor and Davis 're-created' the final frame of the 1985 final. Performed in a distinctly irreverent manner, the "rerun" was noticeable for the fact that in attempting to replicate the missed shots on the final black, they instead ended up potting it on all but one attempt. The one attempt on the black they missed was the shot Taylor potted in the 1985 match to win the championship. BBC Two aired a one-hour documentary on the final, Davis v Taylor: The '85 Black Ball Final, presented by Colin Murray, after the conclusion of the coverage of the 2010 final.


1985 World Sportscar Championship
The 1985 World Sportscar Championship season was the 33rd season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1985 World Endurance Championship which was contested over a series of races for Group C1 and Group C2 Prototypes, Group B GT Cars and IMSA GTP cars. The series ran from 14 April 1985 to 1 December 1985 and was composed of 10 races.


1985 World Sportscar Championship
This year marked the introduction of Teams titles for outright, Group C2 and GT Cars, replacing the traditional Manufacturers awards. Outright and Group C2 Drivers titles were also awarded.


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Drivers Championship
Points were awarded to the drivers of the top 10 placed cars in the order of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 and drivers of C2 cars were also awarded 2 bonus points if they finished in any of the top ten outright positions. However points were not awarded if a driver:


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Drivers Championship
All drivers were eligible to score points in the overall championship, but drivers of C2 class cars were also awarded points separately for their own title.


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Drivers Championship
Only half points were awarded at Round 9 due to the race being stopped with less than 50% distance having been covered.


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Drivers Championship, World Endurance Championship for Drivers
The 1985 FIA World Endurance Championship for Drivers was awarded jointly to Rothmans Porsche teammates Hans-Joachim Stuck and Derek Bell who shared a Porsche 962C throughout the season


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Drivers Championship, Group C2
The Group C2 title was awarded to Gordon Spice and Ray Bellm who shared a Tiga Ford entered by Spice Engineering.


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Teams Championship
Points were awarded to the top 10 finishers in the order of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1, however


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Teams Championship
All cars were eligible to score for their team in the overall championship, but C2 class cars were also awarded points separately for their own title.


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Teams Championship
Rounds 2, 8, and 10 were not part of the Teams Championship and counted only for the Drivers titles.


1985 World Sportscar Championship, Teams Championship
Only half points were awarded at Round 9 due to the race being stopped with less than 50% distance having been covered.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Göteborg from March 28 to April 7, 1985.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles was the 38th edition of the men's doubles championship. Mikael Appelgren and Ulf "Tickan" Carlsson won the title after defeating Milan Orlowski and Jindřich Panský in the final by two sets to nil. The event was changed from best of five sets to best of three sets.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles was the 38th edition of the men's singles championship.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Jiang Jialiang defeated Chen Longcan in the final, winning three sets to nil to secure the title.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 38th edition of the men's team championship.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
China won the gold medal defeating Sweden 5–0 in the final. Poland won the bronze medal.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles was the 38th edition of the mixed doubles championship.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
Cai Zhenhua and Cao Yanhua defeated Jindřich Panský and Marie Hrachová in the final by two sets to one.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles was the 37th edition of the women's doubles championship. Geng Lijuan and Dai Lili defeated Cao Yanhua and Ni Xialian in the final by two sets to nil.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles was the 38th edition of the women's singles championship. Cao Yanhua defeated Geng Lijuan in the final by three sets to one, to win the title.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
The 1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 31st edition of the women's team championship.


1985 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
China won the gold medal defeating North Korea 3-0 in the final, South Korea won the bronze medal.


1985 World Taekwondo Championships
The 1985 World Taekwondo Championships were the 7th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Seoul, South Korea, from September 4 to September 8, 1985. There were a total of 63 participating nations and 280 contestants, all male. Women were not invited to compete in the world championships until 1987.


1985 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1985 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Södertälje, Sweden from August 23 to September 1, 1985. There were 195 men in action from 38 nations.


1985 World Weightlifting Championships, Medal table
Ranking by all medals: Big (Total result) and Small (Snatch and Clean & Jerk)


1985 World Women's Curling Championship
The 1985 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as 1985 H&M World Women's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 17–23 at the Rosenlundshallen in Jönköping, Sweden.


1985 World Women's Curling Championship, Teams
Fourth: Huguette JullienSkip: Paulette SulpiceSecond: Andrée Dupont RocLead: Jocelyn Lhenry


1985 World Women's Curling Championship, Teams
Skip : Isobel Torrance Jr.Third: Margaret CraigSecond: Jackie SteeleLead: Sheila Harvey


1985 World Wrestling Championships
The following is the final results of the 1985 World Wrestling Championships. Freestyle competition were held in Budapest, Hungary and Greco-Roman competition were held in Kolbotn, Norway.


1985 World's Strongest Man
The 1985 World's Strongest Man was the ninth edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Geoff Capes from the United Kingdom. It was his second title after finishing third the previous year. 1984 champion Jón Páll Sigmarsson from Iceland finished second and Cees de Vreugd from the Netherlands finished third. The contest was held at Cascais, Portugal.


1985 Wuqia earthquake
The 1985 Wuqia earthquake occurred on August 23, 1985, at 20:42 local time (12:42 UTC) near the border of Wuqia County and Shufu County, Xinjiang, China. It had a magnitude of Ms 7.4 and caused 71 deaths, 162 injuries, and left 15,000 homeless, as well as destroying 85% of buildings and highways. The source of this earthquake is the Kazkeaerte Fault (卡兹克阿尔特断裂). The earthquake could be felt throughout much of the Fergana Basin, USSR, as well as in Pakistan.


1985 Wuqia earthquake
The slipping of the earth during this earthquake caused a deformation zone along the Kezilesu River valley stretching 15 kilometres (9+1⁄3 miles) long and 800 metres (1⁄2 mile) wide. The zone is made up of smaller faults, fissures, and pressure ridges.


1985 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1985 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cowboys were led by fifth-year head coach Al Kincaid and played their home games at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie, Wyoming. They finished the season with a 3–8 record overall and a 2–6 record in the Western Athletic Conference to finish tied for 7th in the conference.


1985 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1985 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Bulldogs were led by 21st-year head coach Carmen Cozza, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished in fifth place in the Ivy League with a 3–3–1 record, 4–4–1 overall.


1985 Yale Bulldogs football team
Yale did not play its annual in-state matchup against the University of Connecticut, scheduled for September 28. Officials from Yale and the city of New Haven postponed the game, and then canceled it, as Hurricane Gloria approached the Connecticut shore.


1985 Ykkönen – Finnish League Division 1
League table for teams participating in Ykkönen, the second tier of the Finnish Soccer League system, in 1985.


1985 Ykkönen – Finnish League Division 1, League table
Replay for 2nd place: Reipas Lahti - LauTP Lappeenranta  5-0


1985 Yugoslavian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1985 Yugoslavian motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 1985 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 14–16 June 1985 at the Automotodrom Rijeka.


1985 Yukon general election
The 1985 Yukon general election was held on May 13, 1985 to elect members of the 26th Legislative Assembly of the territory of Yukon, Canada. It was the first Yukon general election with live results coverage on television, and was suspenseful as telecommunications problems prevented the results of the Old Crow riding from being known outside of that community. It was won by the New Democratic Party.


1985 Yukon general election, Incumbents not Running for Reelection
The following MLAs had announced that they would not be running in the 1985 election:


1985 Yukon general election, Results by Riding
Bold indicates party leaders† - denotes a retiring incumbent MLA


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Zimbabwe in June and July 1985. The result was a victory for the ruling ZANU–PF party led by Robert Mugabe, which increased its majority in parliament.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Campaign, Common roll
The previous election had shown that ZANU (PF) had monopolised popular support among the Shona areas, and the chances of it losing the election were minimal. However, ZANU (PF) needed to affirm its support and demonstrate that it retained the confidence of the people that it was making genuine progress. Popular support for PF-ZAPU, outside the Ndebele areas, was minimal, and the United African National Council of Abel Muzorewa had lost support to ZANU (PF) following the effective transition into government of Robert Mugabe.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Campaign, White roll
The white MPs in the previous Assembly, who had all started off as members of the Rhodesian Front (later renamed the Republican Front), had split over their reaction to the ZANU (PF) government with more than half resigning their membership in March 1982 to become Independents who partially supported ZANU (PF). Eventually, in April 1985, the Independent Zimbabwe Group was formed in preparation for the election. Generally, whites in Harare and Bulawayo had little complaint about the conduct of government, having seen minimal change in their lifestyles.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Campaign, White roll
There was therefore a genuine contest in the Zimbabwean white community between the Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe (the renamed Rhodesian Front), advocating strong defence of white interests, and the Independent Zimbabwe Group, advocating conciliation and partnership with ZANU (PF).


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Electoral system
The House of Assembly consisted of 100 seats, 20 of which were reserved for white voters, and the remaining 80 were elected on a 'common roll' consisting of all adult citizens except those on the white roll. Since Zimbabwean independence in 1980, an electoral roll for the common roll seats had been compiled. Single-member constituencies were drawn up for the common roll seats instead of election by lists in regions used in the 1980 elections. The common roll seats were elected on 1–2 July.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Electoral system
The white roll seats had been drawn up in 1978 but the large exodus of white Zimbabweans (especially from rural areas) had led to a wide disparity in electorate sizes. The Delimitation Commission therefore redrew the map and renamed many of the seats to match changes in place names. Another change to the system was that preferential voting was reinstituted for the white roll seats, so that a candidate had to win more than half of the votes (after transfers) to be elected. The white roll seats were elected on 27 June.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Changes during the Assembly
In the delayed poll in Kariba constituency, two candidates were nominated: Kenneth Madzvanya Mano (PF-ZAPU) and Enos Mzombi Nkala (ZANU (PF)). Nkala subsequently withdrew, although a poll was required (it took place on 5–7 July) and Mano was declared elected.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Changes during the Assembly
Charles Duke (CAZ, Highlands) joined ZANU (PF) in June 1986.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Changes during the Assembly
Ian Smith (CAZ, Bulawayo Central) was suspended from the Assembly for one year on 2 April 1987 over statements he had made in South Africa which were critical of the Mugabe government.


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Changes during the Assembly
Three members elected from the white roll constituencies joined ZANU (PF) on 28 July 1987. They were John Landau (IZG, Avondale), Jock Kay (IZG, Makoni), and Tony Read (Ind, Borrowdale).


1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election, Changes during the Assembly
In September 1987, having achieved the support of 75% of the House of Assembly as required under the Lancaster House Agreement, the constitution was amended to abolish the white roll constituencies. Twenty further members (including many of the former white MPs who were supportive of ZANU (PF)) were co-opted onto the House of Assembly to replace them.


1985 Zolochiv mid-air collision
The 1985 Zolochiv mid-air collision occurred when Aeroflot Flight 8381, a scheduled flight of a twin-engine Tupolev Tu-134 that departed Tallinn Airport in Estonian SSR, Soviet Union, at 10:38 am on 3 May 1985, for Chişinău in Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union making a stopover at Lviv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. While descending to Lviv in overcast weather, it collided at 12:13 with Soviet Air Force Flight 101 that had just taken off from Lviv. The collision occurred at an altitude of 13,000 feet (4,000 m) (flight level 130). Both aircraft lost their right wings and tails, went out of control and crashed about one or two minutes later near the village of Zolochiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, killing all 94 people on both aircraft.


1985 Zolochiv mid-air collision
Civil and military air traffic controllers mislocated both aircraft involved, leading to violations of air traffic control rules. Among the victims of the disaster were graphics artist Alexander Aksinin, the young Estonian table-tennis player Alari Lindmäe (born 15 September 1967) and two generals of the Soviet Army. The captain of the Aeroflot aircraft, Nikolai Dmitrijev (born 18 October 1931), was a Hero of Socialist Labor and one of the Soviet Union's most decorated civil airline pilots.


1985 Zona Rosa attacks
The Zona Rosa attack was a guerrilla attack that took place in the Zona Rosa restaurant area of San Salvador, El Salvador at approximately 21:30 on June 19, 1985, during the Salvadoran Civil War. The attack was conducted by gunmen dressed as Salvadoran soldiers, and in total twelve people were killed: four United States Marines, two United States businessmen, a Guatemalan, a Chilean, and four Salvadorans. A left-wing guerrilla group, the Revolutionary Party of Central American Workers, and its armed wing, the Mardoqueo Cruz Urban Commando claimed responsibility for the attack.


1985 Zona Rosa attacks
In July 1985, as part of the Combat Terrorism Act, the United States offered a reward of US$100,000 for information leading to the conviction of the attackers. By September 1985, the Salvadoran government had arrested four men; one of them was Américo Mauro Araujo, a high-ranking Salvadoran Communist Party official. Seven others who were involved in the attack, however, were never apprehended.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal
The 1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal (German: Glykolwein-Skandal) was an incident in which several Austrian wineries illegally adulterated their wines using the toxic substance diethylene glycol (a minor ingredient in some brands of antifreeze) to make the wines appear sweeter and more full-bodied in the style of late harvest wines. Many of these Austrian wines were exported to West Germany, some of them in bulk to be bottled at large-scale West German bottling facilities. At these facilities, some Austrian wines were illegally blended into German wines by the importers, resulting in diethylene glycol ending up in some bulk-bottled West German wines as well.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal
The scandal was uncovered by wine laboratories performing quality controls on wines sold in West Germany, and immediately made headlines around the world. The affected wines were immediately withdrawn from the market. A number of people involved in the scandal were sentenced to prison or heavy fines in Austria and West Germany.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal
The short-term effect of the scandal was a complete collapse of Austrian wine exports and a total loss of reputation of the entire Austrian wine industry, with significant adverse effects on the reputation of German wines as well. The long-term effect was that the Austrian wine industry focused their production on other wine types than previously, primarily dry white wines instead of sweet wines, and increasingly targeted a higher market segment, but it took the Austrian wine industry over a decade to recover. Much stricter wine laws were also enacted by Austria.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Background
At the time of the scandal, West Germany was the most important export market for Austrian wine and had been so for a number of years, with an increasing trend. The Austrian wines exported to West Germany were of a similar style to those produced by West Germany itself, meaning semi-sweet and sweet white wines. However, much of these Austrian wines were focused on the low cost segment, and were priced lower than German wines at the corresponding level of sweetness.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Background
The traditional sweet wines of West Germany and Austria are produced from late harvest grapes, some of them affected by noble rot, and labelled in a hierarchy of Prädikat designations from Kabinett to Trockenbeerenauslese, depending on the ripeness of the grapes. Although sweet reserve (blending a wine with its own must) was allowed for the production of semi-sweet wines, no external sources of sugar were allowed for any wines with a Prädikat designation.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Background
Thus, the production of wines at higher Prädikat levels tends to vary from year to year depending on vintage conditions, and all wines with higher designations sell at a premium price. As the sweet wines were more favoured at the time of the scandal than they have been in the 1990s and 2000s, and since the Prädikat designations were almost universally recognized throughout the German-speaking countries, a cheap Auslese or Beerenauslese was often identified as a "bargain" by many German consumers. Many of the cheap sweet wines exported from Austria were blends from different grape varieties, and several of them did not carry any varietal designations, in contrast to the more expensive Prädikat wines of West Germany, which often were produced from Riesling grapes.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Background
Some Austrian exporters had entered into long-term contracts with supermarket chains to supply large quantities of wine at a specified quality level in terms of Prädikat. Apparently these producers ran into problems in some weak vintages, where much of the grape harvest did not reach sufficient ripeness levels. At the levels of ripeness that were reached, the wines would be less sweet, less full-bodied and more acidic. One vintage plagued by these problems in Austria was 1982. It is believed that when this led to insufficient quantities of wine being available to fulfill the contracts, some producers started to search for methods, including illegal ones, to "correct" the wines.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Background
By itself, simple sweetening (also illegal) would not necessarily do the job, since it would not sufficiently correct the taste profile of the wine. By using diethylene glycol (DEG), it was possible to affect both the impression of sweetness and the body of the wine. German wine chemists have stated that it is unlikely that an individual winemaker of a small winery had sufficient chemical knowledge to devise the scheme, implying that the recipe must have been drawn up by a knowledgeable wine chemist consulting for a large-scale producer.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Diethylene glycol
DEG was otherwise used as an industrial chemical or as antifreeze, although ethylene glycol is more common for that application. Adulteration of products with DEG has led to thousands of deaths worldwide since the first recorded case: the Elixir sulfanilamide incident in 1937. Most of the recalled wines contained up to a few grams of DEG per litre (and many only a fraction of a gram), which meant that dozens of bottles would have to be consumed in a limited period of time to reach the lethal dose of approximately 40 grams. However, in one record-setting wine (a 1981 Welschriesling Beerenauslese from Burgenland) 48 grams per litre was detected, which meant that the consumption of a single bottle could have been lethal. Also, long-term consumption of DEG is known to damage the kidney, liver and brain.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Discovery
The first wine discovered to contain DEG was a 1983 Ruster Auslese from a supermarket in Stuttgart, analysed on June 27, 1985. Domestic wine fraud involving illegal sweetening had occurred earlier in West Germany, and had led to investigations and prosecution of the winemakers involved. What made the 1985 finds very different was that a toxic compound had been used, and subsequent sampling indicated that a significant number of different bottlings were part of this dangerous adulteration scheme.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Discovery
Therefore, unlike cases of simple sweetening, the 1985 DEG findings immediately took the proportion of a full-scale scandal requiring action by federal authorities in both West Germany and Austria. On July 9, the Federal Ministry of Health in Bonn issued an official health warning against the consumption of Austrian wines. The findings immediately made headlines in West German media, and from there were cabled out throughout the world.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Market consequences
From mid-July onwards, it was almost impossible to sell Austrian wine on any export market. Some countries like Switzerland and France confiscated thousands of bottles, and Japan introduced a ban on the import and sale of all Austrian wines on July 29, 1985, and in many other countries Austrian wines were removed from shelves by wine dealers.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Market consequences
From a pre-1985 level of around 45 million liters per year, exports immediately fell to one-tenth, or around 4.4 million liters in 1986. They stayed at approximately the same level until 1989, and were slightly higher in 1990–97, but still well below pre-1985 levels. Not until 2001 did the export volume, at just over 50 million liters, match the old level. It thus took the Austrian wine industry fifteen years to regain its former position in terms of export volume, despite optimistic predictions from some quarters in Austria that it would all be forgotten in other countries in one year's time.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Legal consequences
In the weeks following the breaking of the scandal, several dozens of wine producers and wine dealers were arrested by Austrian authorities. The industry's practice of DEG adulteration was traced back to Otto Nadrasky, an 58-year-old chemist and wine consultant from Grafenwörth, Lower Austria. The first prison sentence, of one and a half years, followed in mid-October. Many of the adulterated wines were found to originate in Wagram in Lower Austria, where a consulting wine chemist was prosecuted. One of the convicted Wagram winemakers, Karl Grill, proprietor of Firma Gebrüder Grill, committed suicide after being sentenced.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Legal consequences
A stricter wine law was enacted by the Parliament of Austria on August 29, 1985. Having seen the immediate collapse of wine exports, the Austrian government rushed this legislation through parliament in order for it to be in effect before the 1985 harvest.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Legal consequences
In West Germany, following a lengthy investigation, six former leading employees of the wholesale dealer and bottler Pieroth were sentenced to fines of one million Deutsche Marks by the Landgericht in Koblenz in April 1996.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Legal consequences
Many other legal actions took place over the coming years in West Germany. Pieroth fought a legal action in the administrative courts in order to try to establish that the Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health, Heiner Geißler (CDU) had exceeded his authority when his ministry had issued a blacklist containing all wines that had been found to contain DEG, and naming the bottler in each case. The case went through all three tiers of the administrative courts, and was finally settled on October 18, 1990, when the Federal Administrative Court of Germany ruled against Pieroth and found that Geißler had the right to issue the list.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Legal consequences
Pieroth's actions, which did not earn the company any sympathy with the public, were probably not meant as a measure to allow the further selling of adulterated wine, but as an attempt to put Pieroth in a position to recover money from customers who had refused to pay their outstanding bills following the scandal.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Legal consequences
Other courts had ruled in civil law proceedings that deliveries of wines found to contain DEG were a form of non-fulfillment of a purchase contract that removed any obligation to pay, but that customers still had to pay if they only suspected that a wine contained DEG, and the wine was subsequently cleared of suspicion. Thus, the legal status of the blacklist was a crucial element in the many contract disputes.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, Destruction of the wine
As a consequence of the scandal, a total of 27,000,000 litres of wine (corresponding to 36 million bottles or seven months' worth of Austria's total wine exports at the pre-1985 level) had to be destroyed by the West German authorities, which had confiscated or otherwise collected the wine. Doing this in an environmentally acceptable way proved to be something of a challenge, because DEG was incompatible with sewage treatment plants. In the end, the wine was disposed of and destroyed by being poured into the ovens of a cement plant as a cooling agent instead of water.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, In popular culture
The wine scandal has been the subject of many satirical references to Austrian wine, both inside Austria, in Germany and beyond, and lasting long after 1985. Shortly after the scandal, the Styrian bard Volker Schöbitz composed a polka under the rhyming title Zum Wohl, Glykol - "Cheers, glycol". Glykol was also announced to be the 1985 Word of the Year in Germany.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, In popular culture
In The Simpsons season 1 episode "The Crepes of Wrath", a reference to the scandal is made when two Frenchmen whom Bart is staying with are arrested after putting antifreeze in wine and making Bart drink it.


1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, In popular culture
British rock band Half Man Half Biscuit reference the scandal in the song "RSVP" from their 2011 album 90 Bisodol (Crimond).


1985 du Maurier Classic
The 1985 du Maurier Classic was contested from July 25–28 at Beaconsfield Golf Club. It was the 13th edition of the du Maurier Classic, and the seventh edition as a major championship on the LPGA Tour.


1985 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1985 in Afghanistan.


1985 in Afghanistan
Afghanistan is locked in military stalemate throughout the year, with neither the Muslim insurgents nor the Soviet-backed government troops mounting any decisive military offensive, though there are numerous operations and clashes. The insurgents appear better equipped than previously, with antiaircraft weapons in particular, in their efforts to counter government forces, who are aided by an estimated 115,000 Soviet soldiers. Afghanistan remains completely dependent on Moscow.


1985 in Afghanistan, 1985
Afghanistan produces 31% of the world's opium, according to the UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention.


1985 in Afghanistan, January 1985
Soviet-Afghan troops launch an offensive in the provinces of Konarha, Nangarhar, and Paktia in eastern Afghanistan and Nimruz and Herat in the west, part of a move designed to cut off guerrilla supply routes.


1985 in Afghanistan, January 10, 1985
PADA general secretary Karmal announces that membership of the ruling Communist Party has increased from 16,000 at the time it came to power to 120,000. On the same day, Afghanistan marks the 20th anniversary of the party's founding.


1985 in Afghanistan, March 1985
A UN report on human rights in Afghanistan accuses Soviet forces of "bombarding villages, destroying food supplies, massacring civilians, and disregarding the Geneva convention." The report claims that the government is holding 50,000 political prisoners and that tortures in jails are "commonplace." The government rejects the claims as "fabrication."


1985 in Afghanistan, March 23, 1985
According to resistance sources in Pakistan, some 400 Soviet and Afghan troops are killed when a series of chain-reaction explosions triggered by a time bomb engulfs a military convoy at Ollamd, near the Salang tunnel.


1985 in Afghanistan, April 1985
Western diplomats claim that several hundred civilians have been killed in late March during Soviet-Afghan attacks in the provinces of Laghman in the east, Qonduz and Samangan in the north, and Herat.


1985 in Afghanistan, April 23–25, 1985
A three-day Loya Jirga (grand council) is attended by 1,796 delegates. This traditional national tribal assembly had not been convened since the 1979 coup.


1985 in Afghanistan, May 1985
Pressure from the Pakistanis, from outside supporters, and from the guerrilla commanders force the seven major resistance groups based in Peshawar to form an alliance. Inside Afghanistan, neighbouring ethnolinguistically oriented resistance groups unite for military and political purposes within their various regions. Internal struggles for leadership also occur in certain areas where the Soviets have little influence, such as Hazarajat and Nurestan. Although no national liberation front exists, the resistance groups begin to feel that they are part of an overall effort to liberate Afghanistan.


1985 in Afghanistan, June 12, 1985
At least 20 Afghan Air Force planes are blown up at Shindand air base in the western province of Farah.


1985 in Afghanistan, June, August, and December 1985
The UN special representative for Afghanistan, Cordovez, shuttles between separate rooms in the UN building in Geneva, meeting alternately with Afghan Foreign Minister Dost and his Pakistani counterpart, Khan. The foreign ministers do not meet directly, since to do so would amount to recognition by Pakistan of Karmal's regime. Iran once again boycotts the talks but is kept informed. The last round of talks adjourns on December 19 to allow the parties to study new UN proposals. Earlier, the U.S. announced its willingness to act as guarantor of a settlement that would involve Soviet troop withdrawal and an end to U.S. aid to the guerrillas.


1985 in Afghanistan, August 1985
Foreign Minister Dost visits India, the only country outside the Soviet bloc with which relations improve during the year.


1985 in Afghanistan, Mid-August 1985
An anti-guerrilla onslaught is launched by the joint Soviet-Afghan military command in eastern Afghanistan but falls far short of success. However, the offensive, described by area experts as among the biggest since the Soviet intervention in 1979, brings the war closer to the Pakistani border, a fact that worries Islamabad.


1985 in Afghanistan, September 4, 1985
An Afghan airliner traveling from Kabul to Farah crashes near Kandahar, killing all 52 people on board. The government blames the guerrillas for the incident.


1985 in American television
The year 1985 involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events of that year.


1985 in Argentine football (Nacional)
This page covers the period January - September 1985. The rest of 1985 is covered in 1985-86 in Argentine football.


1985 in Argentine football (Nacional), Nacional 1985
1985 featured the last ever edition of the Nacional championship. The structure of the tournament made it the most complicated championship in the history of the Argentine first division. The eventual champions were Argentinos Juniors who beat Vélez Sársfield in a 2nd final.


1985 in Argentine football (Nacional), Nacional 1985, Group Stages (1st step)
The top two teams go through to the winners knockout, the bottom two go to the losers knockout.


1985 in Argentine football (Nacional), Nacional 1985, 2nd step, Winners knockout
The winners progressed to the winners QF, the losers enter the losers 3rd round.


1985 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1985 in Australia.


1985 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1985.


1985 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1985 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1985 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1985 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1985 in Australian television, Changes to network affiliation
This is a list of programs which made their premiere on an Australian television network that had previously premiered on another Australian television network. The networks involved in the switch of allegiances are predominantly both free-to-air networks or both subscription television networks. Programs that have their free-to-air/subscription television premiere, after previously premiering on the opposite platform (free-to air to subscription/subscription to free-to air) are not included. In some cases, programs may still air on the original television network. This occurs predominantly with programs shared between subscription television networks.


1985 in Bangladesh
1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1985th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 985th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 85th  year of the 20th century, and the  6th   year of the 1980s decade.


1985 in Bangladesh
The year 1985 was the 14th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the fourth year of the Government of Hussain Muhammad Ershad.


1985 in Bangladesh, Economy
Note: For the year 1985 average official exchange rate for BDT was 27.99 per US$.


1985 in Belgian television
This is a list of Belgian television related events from 1985.


1985 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1985 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 84th season of competitive football in the country.


1985 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
Tuna Luso declared as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B champions.


1985 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Promotion
The competition champion, which is Tuna Luso, was promoted to the following year's first level.


1985 in Brazilian football, Other competition champions
* The 1985 title was shared between Baré and Trem.


1985 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1985.


1985 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1985.


1985 in British music
This is a summary of 1985 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.


1985 in British music, Summary
The biggest British musical event of 1985 was the Live Aid concert in London's Wembley Stadium on 13 July. Held to follow up the previous year's charity record "Do They Know It's Christmas? ", the biggest-selling single ever at the time, popular acts such as The Who, U2 and Queen performed in front of an estimated audience of 1.9 billion viewers. It raised £150 million to help famine in Ethiopia, and a similar event would happen 20 years later in 2005, with Live 8.


1985 in British music, Summary
After the huge success of Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas? ", several more charity songs reached number 1 this year. USA for Africa, inspired by Band Aid, released "We Are the World", a song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, while David Bowie and Mick Jagger released a cover of "Dancing in the Street", the music video being premiered at Live Aid and all proceeds going to the charity. In May, a fire at a football stadium in Bradford killed 56 people, and supergroup The Crowd released a charity cover of popular football anthem "You'll Never Walk Alone" in tribute.


1985 in British music, Summary
British rock band Dire Straits released their album Brothers in Arms in May, one of the first ever albums to be released on compact disc and the format's first million-seller. It went on to become the UK's best-selling album of the entire decade and remains one of the top ten best-selling albums of all time in the UK. Four singles were released from the album, including the UK number 4 hit and US number 1 "Money for Nothing", which referenced American music channel MTV and had a groundbreaking video featuring early computer-generated imagery. When a European version of MTV launched in 1987, it was the first video ever played on the channel.


1985 in British music, Summary
Jennifer Rush entered the top 75 in June with the power ballad "The Power of Love", which remained in the chart for months without entering the top 40. When it finally did in September, it quickly hit number 1, where it remained for five weeks and was the biggest selling single of the year. It sold over a million copies, however it would be the last single of the decade to do so, and there would not be another million-seller until 1991.


1985 in British music, Summary
Many songs this year competed for the Christmas number one single, and the entire top 3 from 1984 re-entered the chart this year; Paul McCartney's "We All Stand Together" at number 32, Wham! 's "Last Christmas" at number 6, and Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" at number 3. There were also attempts from Bruce Springsteen with a cover of "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town", and ventriloquist Keith Harris released a cover of "White Christmas" with his green puppet Orville the Duck.


1985 in British music, Summary
However, the Christmas number one went to Shakin' Stevens with the song "Merry Christmas Everyone". It had been intended to be released in 1984, but was kept back a year due to the Band Aid charity single. Still a widely known Christmas song in the 21st century, it re-entered the chart in Christmas 2007 on downloads alone, at number 22.


1985 in British music, Summary
John Rutter, hitherto best known for his popular modern carols, acknowledged his classical roots with his Requiem, which was premièred in October in Sacramento, California. Less than eight months earlier, Andrew Lloyd Webber's Requiem had its première in New York. Paul Miles-Kingston, the boy soprano who won a silver disc for his recording of the "Pie Jesu" from that work, became Head Chorister of Winchester Cathedral in the same year.


1985 in British music, Summary
The prolific Peter Maxwell Davies (who had moved to Orkney in 1971) produced one of his most popular works, An Orkney Wedding, with Sunrise, notable for featuring the bagpipes as a lead instrument. Veteran Welsh composer Daniel Jones, produced his 12th symphony, at the age of 73, whilst 80-year-old Michael Tippett began work on his last opera, New Year.


1985 in British music, Year-end charts, Best-selling singles
Based on sales from 5 January to 28 December 1985.


1985 in British music, Year-end charts, Best-selling albums
Based on sales from 5 January to 28 December 1985.


1985 in British radio
This is a list of events in British radio during 1985.


1985 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1985.


1985 in Cambodia
The following lists events that happened during 1985 in Cambodia.


1985 in Canadian television
This is a list of Canadian television related events from 1985.


1985 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1985 in Cape Verde.


1985 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1985 in Chile.


1985 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 1985.


1985 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1985.


1985 in Danish television, Deaths
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1985 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1985.


1985 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1985 in Estonia.


1985 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1985.


1985 in French television
This is a list of French television related events from 1985.


1985 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 1985.


1985 in Germany, Links
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1985 in Germany, Links
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1985 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1985 in Iceland.


1985 in India
Events in the year 1985 in the Republic of India.


1985 in Irish television
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 1985.


1985 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1985 include:


1985 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1985 include:


1985 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1985 include:


1985 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1985.


1985 in Japan
Events in the year 1985 in Japan which correspond to Shōwa 60 (昭和60年) in the Japanese calendar.