1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Illinois
On November 1, 1986, Michigan defeated Illinois, 69–13, before a crowd of 104,122 at Michigan Stadium. After the victory, Michigan presented the game ball to special-teams coach Alex Agase who underwent heart surgery the day before the game.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Illinois
Michigan scored nine touchdowns (eight by rushing) and out-gained Illinois by 501 yards to 226 yards. For the Illini, Brian Menkhuasen completed 15 of 31 passes for 109 yards, and Keith Jones rushed for 74 yards on 13 carries. For the Wolverines, Jim Harbaugh completed 11 of 13 passes for 224 yards, including a 41-yard touchdown pass to Paul Jokisch. Three Michigan players had more than 70 receiving yards: Jokisch (79), Greg McMurtry (76), and Gerald White (74). Michigan also came up with three turnovers (two interceptions and a fumble recovery) and blocked a punt.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Purdue
On November 8, 1986, Michigan, ranked No. 3 by the AP and UPI, defeated Purdue, 31–7, before a crowd of 61,323 at Ross–Ade Stadium in West Lafayette, Indiana. The victory was Schembechler's 165 at Michigan, tying him with Fielding H. Yost for the most career wins at the school


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Purdue
Michigan out-gained Purdue, 416 yards to 184 yards and also controlled time of possession by a margin of 36:00 to 24:00. For the Boilermakers, Doug Downing completed 12 of 24 passes for 108 yards, and James Medlock rushed for 64 yards on 16 carries. For the Wolverines, Jim Harbaugh completed 14 of 20 passes for 154 yards, a touchdown, and an interception, and Jamie Morris rushed for 91 yards on 16 carries. With his 14 completions, Harbaugh passed Steve Smith to become Michigan's career record holder with 332 pass completions


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota
On November 15, 1986, Michigan, ranked No. 2 by the AP and UPI, was upset by unranked Minnesota, 20–17, before a crowd of 104,864 at Michigan Stadium. It was Minnesota's first victory in the annual Little Brown Jug game since 1977.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota
Michigan turned the ball over three times in its own territory, leading to 17 points for the Golden Gophers. As a result, Michigan trailed, 17-10, at the end of the third quarter. Late in the fourth quarter, the Wolverines drove down the field and tied the game with 2:26 remaining on a touchdown run by Gerald White. Minnesota then drove 58 yards in the final two minutes and retook the lead on the final play of the game – a 30-yard field goal by Chip Lohmiller.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota
Michigan out-gained Minnesota by 341 yards to 321 yards. Rickey Foggie led Minnesota with 94 passing yards and 78 rushing yards and had both passing and rushing touchdowns. For the Wolverines, Jim Harbaugh completed 14 of 22 passes for 207 yards, a touchdown, and an interception, and Jamie Morris rushed for 78 yards on 13 carries.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
On November 22, 1986, Michigan defeated Ohio State, 26–24, in Columbus, Ohio. The crowd of 90,674 was the largest to that date at Ohio Stadium. The victory was Bo Schembechler's 166th at Michigan, passing Fielding H. Yost's school record of 165 coaching victories.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
On the Monday before the game, Michigan quarterback Jim Harbaugh issued a public guarantee that the Wolverines would beat Ohio State: "I guarantee we will beat Ohio State and go to Pasadena. . . . It's a great feeling to beat Ohio State, and we're going to have that feeling Saturday." Harbaugh's guarantee was made on the same day that his father, Jack Harbaugh, was fired as the head football coach at Western Michigan.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
Ohio State returned the opening kickoff to Michigan's 45-yard line. Quarterback Jim Karsatos led the Buckeyes on a touchdown drive culminating with a four-yard pass to Cris Carter. After the touchdown, Jamie Morris returned the kickoff to the 40-yard line. Harbaugh led the Wolverines to the Ohio State 15-yard line, and Mike Gillette kicked a 32-yard field goal.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
On Ohio State's second possession, Vince Workman ran 46 yards for a touchdown. On Michigan's second possession, Harbaugh hit Greg McMurtry in the hands with a 43-yard pass at the goal line, but the ball bounced from McMurtry's hands for an incomplete pass. Harbaugh then thew an interception. On Ohio State's third possession, Matt Frantz missed a 43-yard field goal attempt.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
Midway through the second quarter, Harbaugh led the Wolverines on a 62-yard drive to the 18-yard line, Gillette kicked a line-drive field goal. On Michigan's next possession, Harbaugh led a long drive deep into Ohio State territory, but he was intercepted at the goal line, and Ohio State led, 14-6, at halftime.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
On the opening possession of the second half, Michigan mounted an 83-yard, 14-play touchdown drive that consumed six minutes and seven seconds. Jamie Morris scored on a five-yard pitchout from Harbaugh. On its next possession, Ohio State drove 65 yards on nine plays, and Frantz kicked a 27-yard field goal.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
After the field goal, Michigan drove 76 yards on four plays. On the first play of the drive, Morris ran 51 yards to the Ohio State 24-yard line. Morris then scored on an eight-yard run. Michigan attempted a two-point conversion, but Harbaugh's pass fell incomplete in the end zone. Michigan led, 19-17, at the end of the third quarter.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
Early in the fourth quarter, Michigan scored again on a seven-yard run by Thomas Wilcher, capping an 85-yard, eight-play drive. Michigan led, 26-17, with 12:46 remaining in the game.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
On Ohio State's next possession after the Wilcher touchdown, Karsatos was intercepted by linebacker Andree McIntyre at Ohio State's 37-yard line. Michigan attempted a field goal, but the kick was blocked.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
With 9:42 remaining, Karsatos threw a 17-yard touchdown pass to Cris Carter, capping a 56-yard drive. Michigan's lead was narrowed to 26-24.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
With 3:17 remaining in the game, Wilcher fumbled at the Ohio State 37-yard line, and Sonny Gordon recovered for the Buckeyes. Ohio State advanced to Michigan's 28-yard line, and on fourth-and-two, with 1:01 remaining, placekicker Matt Frantz missed a 45-yard field goal that would have put the Buckeyes in the lead.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State
Michigan out-gained Ohio State by 529 yards to 358 yards and led in time of possession by a margin of 35:39 to 24:21. For the Wolverines, Harbaugh completed 19 of 29 passes for 261 yards but threw two interceptions. Morris rushed for 210 yards and two touchdowns on 29 carries. For the Buckeyes, Karsatos] completed 15 of 27 passes for 188 yards, two touchdowns, and an interception. Workman rushed for 126 yards and a touchdown on 21 carries, and Carter had seven receptions for 75 yards and two touchdowns.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Hawaii
On December 6, 1986, Michigan defeated Hawaii, 27–10, before a crowd of 42,735 at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu. The game was the first meeting between the Hawaii and Michigan football programs.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Hawaii
Michigan out-gained Hawaii by 397 yards to 292 yards. For the Rainbow Warriors, Tipton completed 21 of 33 passes for 207 yards, and Crowell rushed for 49 yards on 11 carries. For the Wolverines, Jim Harbaugh completed nine of 15 passes for 125 yards. Michigan ran on 49 of 64 plays, and two Wolverine backs rushed for over 100 yards: Jamie Morris with 118 yards on 21 carries; and Bob Perryman with 107 yards on 14 carries. Greg McMurtry caught three passes for 74 yards. Andy Moeller led the defense with 10 solo tackles and three assists. Monte Robbins also broke a Michigan record with an 82-yard punt.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Arizona State (Rose Bowl)
On January 1, 1987, Michigan, ranked No. 4 by the AP, lost to No. 7 Arizona State, 22–15, before a crowd of 103,168 in the 1987 Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. It was the first meeting between the Michigan and Arizona State football programs.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Arizona State (Rose Bowl)
Arizona State out-gained Michigan by 381 yard to 225 yards. For the Wolverines, Jim Harbaugh completed 13 of 23 passes for 172 yards and threw three interceptions. Arizona State held Michigan to a total of 53 rushing yards with Jamie Morris totaling 47 yards on 16 carries. Defensive tackle Dave Folkertsma led the Michigan defense with 10 solo tackles and one assist. For the Sun Devils, quarterback Jeff Van Raaphorst completed 16 of 30 passes for 193 yards and two touchdowns, and Darryl Harris rushed for 109 yards on 23 carries.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Arizona State (Rose Bowl)
Arizona State head coach John Cooper was hired as Ohio State's head coach in 1988.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Award season
During the 1986 season, quarterback Jim Harbaugh set Michigan's single-game, single-season, and career records for passing yardage. He finished third (behind Miami quarterback Vinny Testaverde and Temple running back Paul Palmer) in voting for the 1986 Heisman Trophy and was selected as both Michigan's most valuable player and the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football award as the most valuable player in the Big Ten Conference.


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Award season
Three Michigan players received first-team honors on the 1986 All-America college football team:


1986 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Award season
Seven Michigan players received first-team honors on the 1986 All-Big Ten Conference football team: Harbaugh at quarterback (AP-1, UPI-1); Jamie Morris at running back (AP-2, UPI-1); Mark Hammerstein at offensive guard (AP-1, UPI-1); Elliott at offensive tackle (AP-1, UPI-1); Mark Messner at defensive line (AP-1, UPI-2); Andy Moeller at linebacker (AP-1, UPI-1); and Rivers at defensive back (AP-2, UPI-1).


1986 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1986 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 4.


1986 Michigan gubernatorial election
The Republicans nominated Wayne County executive William Lucas, who made history by being the first African American nominee for either major party for Governor of Michigan.


1986 Michigan gubernatorial election
Blanchard was re-elected, winning the election with 68.1% of the vote.


1986 Michigan gubernatorial election
This was the last time Kent County, home to Michigan's second largest city, Grand Rapids, voted for a Democratic governor until Gretchen Whitmer in 2018.


1986 Michigan gubernatorial election
As of 2021, this is the last time a male Democrat was elected Governor of Michigan.


1986 Mid Ulster by-election
The 1986 Mid Ulster by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.


1986 Mid Ulster by-election
The Unionist candidates was able to survive with less than 50% of the vote due to a split Nationalist vote and both seats were gained by Sinn Féin in later elections once Unionist pacts had broken down.


1986 Mid Ulster by-election, Other References
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1986 Mid Ulster by-election, Other References
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1986 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team
The 1986 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team represented Middle Tennessee State University in the 1986 NCAA Division I-AA football season


1986 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1986 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament (now known as the Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament) was held February 27–March 1 at Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana.


1986 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
Xavier defeated Saint Louis in the championship game, 74–66, to win their first MCC/Horizon League men's basketball tournament.


1986 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The Musketeers received an automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Tournament as the #12 seed in the Southeast region.


1986 Midwestern Collegiate Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
All seven conference members participated in the tournament and were seeded based on regular season conference records.


1986 Mieczysław Połukard Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 5th Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 1986 version of the Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 23 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.


1986 Milan Indoor
The 1986 Milan Indoor (also known as the 1986 Fila Trophy for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. The event was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was played at the PalaLido in Milan, Italy from 10 March until 16 March 1986. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title, his second at the event after 1983, and earned $80,000 first-prize money.


1986 Milan Indoor, Finals, Doubles
Colin Dowdeswell /  Christo Steyn defeated  Brian Levine /  Laurie Warder 6–3, 4–6, 6–1


1986 Milan Indoor – Singles
John McEnroe was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.


1986 Milan Indoor – Singles
Ivan Lendl won the tournament, beating Joakim Nyström in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–4.


1986 Milan–San Remo
The 1986 Milan–San Remo was the 77th edition of the Milan–San Remo cycle race and was held on 15 March 1986. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Sean Kelly of the Kas team.


1986 Miller High Life 400
The 1986 Miller High Life 400 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race that was held on February 23, 1986, at Richmond Fairgrounds Raceway (now Richmond Raceway) in Richmond, Virginia.


1986 Miller High Life 400
Almost the entire grid was born in the United States of America; Canadian Trevor Boys was the only foreigner. Individual winnings for this event ranged from the winner's share of $37,880 ($89,433 when adjusted for inflation) to the last-place share of $2,515 ($5,938 when adjusted for inflation); the total prize purse stood at $225,435 ($532,243 when adjusted for inflation).


1986 Miller High Life 400
Richmond was a .542 symmetrical oval until 1988. Just after the Pontiac Excitement 400, the first big steps were taken to transform RIR into the 3/4-mile tri-oval we know today. That's why the grandstands were so far away from guardrail; reconfiguration had already begun.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Background
In 1953, Richmond International Raceway began hosting the Grand National Series with Lee Petty winning that first race in Richmond. The original track was paved in 1968. In 1988, the track was re-designed into its present D-shaped configuration.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Background
The name for the raceway complex was "Strawberry Hill" until the Virginia State Fairgrounds site was bought out in 1999 and renamed the "Richmond International Raceway".


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
31 of 35 entered drivers qualified for this race. The drivers who failed to qualify were: Johnathan Lee Edwards, Alan Kulwicki, and Ronnie Thomas. Eddie Bierschwale would be the first car out of the race. Kyle Petty would defeat Joe Ruttman in his 1986 Ford Thunderbird, finishing under caution in front of twenty-five thousand fans. Kyle somehow was able to avoid the mess and make it through in a win that was oddly similar to his father's 1979 Daytona 500 win in that the two competitors running 1-2 wrecked and the winner capitalized. This was also the only time since 1968 that a Wood Brothers car visited victory lane without the famed #21 vehicle.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
Despite having the most wins at the track, Petty vigorously disliked the half-mile and preferred the  more traditional short track racing venues of the 1960s and the 1970s. Richard Petty would finish in 20th place at this race despite qualifying in 27th place.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
Earnhardt dominated the NASCAR Winston Cup Series from 1986 to 1995; and his third-place finish at this race proved that he could be dominant on almost any track during the 1980s and the 1990s. Looking at the wins after this wreck between Dale and Darrell, this was the turning point of their "rivalry". Earnhardt took off and never looked back while Waltrip eventually coasted into stagnancy and complacency.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
Considered to be a classic short track race typical of the 1980s, it had a great finish as well as a first-time winner. Dale Earnhardt dominated the middle section of the race by leading for 128 laps, but crashed with Darrell Waltrip in the closing laps after a controversial fender-banging duel. Earnhardt and Waltrip's battle was considered daring enough for Dale to stick Darrell's car head-on into the guardrail. Dale Earnhardt was really hounding Geoff Bodine for the lead early in this race.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
At one point Earnhardt got the dirt off Turn 2 and the back end kicked out on him but he held on and not only didn't spin the Wrangler #3 Chevy but saved it, didn't lose a spot, and didn't really lose a spot as he went right back to hunting Bodine.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
NASCAR was more about raw skill, determination, and grit during the 1980s instead of luck-based strategies. Even if some of the changes made to NASCAR during the 21st century weren't implemented, the natural evolution of the sport would make it look vastly different compared to the 1980s. This race had no pit road speed, race back to the caution, and was still scored by hand. Richard Childress was a minor figure in NASCAR history until Dale Earnhardt came along and provided him with this powerful performance to make him a dominant team owner in NASCAR.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
Terry Labonte came into the pits with what he thought was an engine failure and pulled the #44 Piedmont Airlines Oldsmobile behind the wall to retire it. A pit crew member checked the car and found a piece of metal was screwing with the ignition and one he removed it the car refired, running fine. Texas Terry jumped back in it, rejoined the race, and they still came away with a 15th-place finish at the end of the day.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
Doug Heveron was a late entry for this race but made the most of his one-off in Elmo Langley's signature #64 Ford. Heveron brought his T-Bird home 13th to match his career-best finish in Cup action. It was Petty's first NASCAR Winston Cup series victory and his only one on a short track.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
After the race, Earnhardt had to pay a $3,000 fine ($7,083 when adjusted for inflation) plus a $10,000 security bond for the late-race incident involving himself and Darrell Waltrip. Earnhardt was also placed on probation for the remainder of the season - the longest probation period ever given in the sport at the time. Earnhardt suffered a sore neck and blurred vision as a result of this incident. After the penalties were announced, Earnhardt appealed. On appeal, the infraction was reduced to a minor offense, with the $10,000 bond and probation period being overturned. However, the $3,000 fine was upheld. Geoffrey Bodine would lead the championship standings after this race with 332 points with Darrell Waltrip only two points behind him.


1986 Miller High Life 400, Race report
Notable crew chiefs in the race were Darrell Bryant, Kirk Shelmerdine, Robin Pemberton, Jeff Hammond, Tim Brewer, Bud Moore, Larry McReynolds, Dale Inman, Junie Donlavey among many others.


1986 Milwaukee Brewers season
The Milwaukee Brewers' 1986 season involved the Brewers' finishing 6th in the American League East with a record of 77 wins and 84 losses.


1986 Milwaukee Brewers season, Regular season
Teddy Higuera would win 20 games in 1986 and would be the last 20 game winner in the 20th century for the Brewers.


1986 Milwaukee Brewers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1986 Milwaukee Brewers season, Farm system
The Brewers' farm system consisted of five minor league affiliates in 1986. The El Paso Diablos won the Texas League championship, and the Stockton Ports won the California League championship.


1986 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1986 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first full year under head coach John Gutekunst, the Golden Gophers compiled a 6–6 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 316 to 261. The team went to a second straight bowl game for the second time in school history (the first being the 1961 and 1962 Rose Bowls).


1986 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Freshman tailback Darrell Thompson was named the Big Ten's freshman of the year. Thompson and kicker Chip Lohmiller were named All-Big Ten first team. Center Ray Hitchcock, Safety Larry Joyner and offensive linemen Jim Hobbins and Troy Wolkow were named All-Big Ten second team. Offensive lineman Paul Anderson, punter Brent Herbel and offensive lineman Jim Hobbins were named Academic All-Big Ten.


1986 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Darrell Thompson was awarded the Bronko Nagurski Award and Bruce Smith Award. Linebacker Mark Dusbabek was awarded the Carl Eller Award. Chip Lohmiller was awarded the Bobby Bell Award. Offensive tackle Anthony Burke was awarded the Butch Nash Award. Offensive tackle Norries Wilson was awarded the Paul Giel Award.


1986 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Total attendance for the season was 335,150, which averaged out to 55,858 per game. The season high for attendance was against rival Iowa.


1986 Minnesota House of Representatives election
The 1986 Minnesota House of Representatives election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1986, to elect members to the House of Representatives of the 75th Minnesota Legislature. A primary election was held on September 9, 1986.


1986 Minnesota House of Representatives election
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) won a majority of seats, defeating the majority of the Independent-Republicans of Minnesota. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 1987.


1986 Minnesota Senate election
The 1986 Minnesota Senate election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 1986, to elect members to the Senate of the 75th and 76th Minnesota Legislatures. A primary election was held on September 9, 1986.


1986 Minnesota Senate election
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) won a majority of seats, remaining the majority party, followed by the Independent-Republicans of Minnesota. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 1987.


1986 Minnesota Twins season
The 1986 Minnesota Twins  finished at 71–91, sixth in the AL West, 21 games behind the eventual AL runner-up California Angels. 1,255,453 fans attended Twins games, the second lowest total in the American League. Pitcher Bert Blyleven made a prediction on Fan Appreciation Day on October 3, saying that if the team came together as a unit and signed some other good players, they could potentially bring a World Series championship to Minnesota. That prediction proved accurate the next year.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
On May 30, Roy Smalley homered from both sides of the plate, the first Twin to do so.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
Only one Twins player made the All-Star Game: outfielder Kirby Puckett.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
On August 1, Puckett hit for the cycle, the only time he'd do so in his major league career. Going triple, double, single, homer, he became the seventh Twin in history to cycle. On the same night, pitcher Bert Blyleven struck out Oakland's Mike Davis to notch his 3000th strikeout. Only eight other pitchers had reached that plateau.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
After a disappointing start, manager Ray Miller was replaced by Tom Kelly on September 12.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
Greg Gagne of the Twins hit two inside-the-park home runs in one game on October 4, against the Chicago White Sox. Pitcher Bert Blyleven was on the mound for the Twins; the last time a batter had hit two inside-the-park homers in one game, it was Dick Allen of the White Sox on July 31, 1972, and his homers were hit off Blyleven.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
Also on October 4, Blyleven allowed his 50th home run of the season (to Chicago's Daryl Boston) to set a major league record. (When he served up 46 in 1987, he set another record with 96 homers allowed over consecutive seasons.)


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season, Offense
Kirby Puckett switched from leadoff to third in the batting order, blasted 31 HR, drove in 96 runs and scored 119. Kent Hrbek hit .267 with 29 HR and 91 RBI. Tom Brunansky hit 23 HR and 75 RBI. Gary Gaetti hit .287 with 34 HR and 108 RBI. With Roy Smalley's 20 home runs, five players reached 20 homers this season, the first time that happened since six players topped 20 in 1964.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season, Pitching
The Twins had three solid starting pitchers: Frank Viola (16-13), Bert Blyleven (17-14), and Mike Smithson (13-14). Reliever Keith Atherton had 10 saves.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season, Defense
Third baseman Gary Gaetti and center fielder Kirby Puckett each won their first Gold Glove Award. They were the first Twins to win a gold glove since Jim Kaat in 1973.


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 Minnesota Vikings season
The 1986 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 26th season in the National Football League, and their first with former offensive coordinator Jerry Burns as head coach, following the departure of Bud Grant at the end of the previous season.


1986 Minnesota Vikings season
The Vikings finished with a 9–7 record and missed the playoffs for the fourth season in a row.


1986 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1986 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1986. Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party candidate Rudy Perpich defeated Independent-Republican Party challenger Cal Ludeman.


1986 Minnesota gubernatorial election, Results
1986 is also the year that the Twin Cities WCCO sportcaster Mark Rosen had a write-in campaign for governor as a morning radio program's publicity stunt.


1986 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team
The 1986 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bulldogs finished with a winning record in head coach Rockey Felker's first season, but were not selected for a bowl game.


1986 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1986 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Eight Conference (Big 8) during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team compiled a 3–8 record (2–5 against Big 8 opponents), finished in sixth place in the Big 8, and was outscored by opponents by a combined total of 314 to 196. Woody Widenhofer was the head coach for the second of four seasons. The team played its home games at Faurot Field in Columbia, Missouri.


1986 Missouri Tigers football team
The team's statistical leaders included Darrell Wallace with 872 rushing yards, Ronnie Cameron with 654 passing yards, and Robert Delpino with 299 receiving yards.


1986 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1986 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was played after the conclusion of the 1985–1986 regular season at the Tulsa Convention Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma.


1986 Missouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The Tulsa Golden Hurricane defeated the ninth ranked Bradley Braves, 74-58, in the championship game and as a result won their 3rd MVC Tournament title to earn an automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Tournament.


1986 Molde FK season
The 1986 season was Molde's 12th season in the top flight of Norwegian football. This season Molde competed in 1. divisjon (first tier) and the Norwegian Cup.


1986 Molde FK season
In the league, Molde finished in 9th position, 13 points behind winners Lillestrøm.


1986 Molde FK season
Molde participated in the 1986 Norwegian Cup. They reached the Third Round where they lost 0–2 away against Hødd and were eliminated from the competition.


1986 Molde FK season, Squad
Source:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1986 Monaco Grand Prix
The 1986 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 11 May 1986. It was the fourth race of the 1986 Formula One World Championship. The Monaco circuit had been modified from the year before: the chicane after the tunnel now had three turns and was renamed the Nouvelle Chicane.


1986 Monaco Grand Prix
Patrick Tambay had a spectacular accident when he and Martin Brundle tangled at Mirabeau, and Tambay's Lola went right over Brundle's Tyrrell, caught six feet of air and barrel-rolled into the protective Armco right next to some spectators, and in the process almost went over the Armco into a bar next to the track. Tambay walked away from the accident unscathed.


1986 Monaco Grand Prix
The 78-lap race was won from pole position by Frenchman Alain Prost, driving a McLaren-TAG. This was Prost's third consecutive Monaco win. His Finnish teammate Keke Rosberg finished second, with Brazilian Ayrton Senna third in a Lotus-Renault.


1986 Monaco Grand Prix
This was also the last Grand Prix for Italian Elio de Angelis, before his fatal testing accident at Paul Ricard three days later.


1986 Mongolian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 22 June 1986. At the time, the country was a one-party state under the rule of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The MPRP won 346 of the 370 seats, with the remaining 24 seats going to non-party candidates, who had been chosen by the MPRP due to their social status. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with only ten of the 929,403 registered voters failing to cast a ballot.


1986 Montana Grizzlies football team
The 1986 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1986 NCAA Division I-AA football season as a member of the Big Sky Conference (Big Sky). The Grizzlies were led by first-year head coach Don Read, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and Washington–Grizzly Stadium, and finished the season with a record of six wins and four losses (6–4, 4–4 Big Sky).


1986 Montana State Bobcats football team
The 1986 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Big Sky Conference (Big Sky) during the 1986 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Dave Arnold, the Bobcats compiled a 3–8 record (2–5 against Big Sky opponents) and tied for sixth out of eight teams in the Big Sky.


1986 Monte Carlo Open
The 1986 Monte Carlo Open, also known by its sponsored name Volvo Monte Carlo Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 80th edition of the tournament and was held from 21 April until 27 April 1986. Third-seeded Joakim Nyström won the singles title.


1986 Monte Carlo Open, Finals, Doubles
Guy Forget /  Yannick Noah defeated  Joakim Nyström /  Mats Wilander, 6–4, 3–6, 6–4


1986 Montreal Alouettes season
The 1986 Montreal Alouettes finished the season in 3rd place in the East Division with a 4–14 record and missed the playoffs. The Montreal Concordes were renamed the Alouettes following the 1985 season to mark the 40th anniversary of the founding of the Alouettes.


1986 Montreal Alouettes season
The Montreal Alouettes were facing severe financial difficulty, having lost close to $15 million, between 1982–86, so having the CFL giving a fourth place team in one division a playoff spot if its record was better than the third-place finisher in the other division, was a disaster, when Calgary got a playoff spot over the Alouettes, and the lost revenue for a playoff game further crippled the franchise, contributing to its demise shortly after the start of the following season.


1986 Montreal Expos season
The 1986 Montreal Expos season was the 18th season in franchise history. Finishing in 4th with a 78-83 record and 29 1/2 games behind the eventual World Series champion New York Mets.


1986 Montreal Expos season, Spring training
The Expos held spring training at West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium in West Palm Beach, Florida – a facility they shared with the Atlanta Braves. It was their 10th season at the stadium; they had conducted spring training there from 1969 to 1972 and since 1981.


1986 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1986 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1986 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 Montreal Expos season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 Montreal municipal election
The 1986 Montreal municipal election took place on November 9, 1986, to elect a mayor and city councillors in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Longtime mayor Jean Drapeau did not seek re-election, and Jean Doré from the opposition Montreal Citizens' Movement (MCM) was elected to the position by a significant margin.


1986 Montreal municipal election, Results (incomplete)
Party colours do not indicate affiliation with or resemblance to a provincial or a federal party.


1986 Montreal municipal election, Results in suburban communities (incomplete), Dorval
Source: Elizabeth Thompson, "Dorval mayor, councillors returned by acclamation," Montreal Gazette, October 23, 1986, I7.


1986 Montreal municipal election, Results in suburban communities (incomplete), Montréal-Nord (November 2)
Sources: "Laid-back Ryan isn't worried by Nov. 2 elections," 16 October 1986, p. 6; "Montreal North councillor quits," Montreal Gazette, October 23, 1986, H3; "Results of council elections in 18 Montreal-area municipalities," Montreal Gazette, November 3, 1986, A8.


1986 Montreal municipal election, Results in other Montreal-area communities (incomplete), Longueuil
The governing Parti municipal de Longueuil was returned to office with a landslide majority. Party leader Jacques Finet was re-elected to a second term as mayor, and the party won all nineteen seats on council.


1986 Montreal municipal election, Results in other Montreal-area communities (incomplete), Longueuil
Source: , Société historique et culturelle du Marigot, accessed February 19, 2014. Some minor corrections to the names of some candidates are taken from "Final tally shows size of victory in Longueuil," Montreal Gazette, November 6, 1986, V1.


1986 Montreal municipal election, Results in other Montreal-area communities (incomplete), Longueuil
Jacques Finet resigned as mayor on April 16, 1987, to take a vice-president's job at Hydro-Quebec. A by-election to choose his successor was held on May 30, 1987.


1986 Montreal municipal election, Results in other Montreal-area communities (incomplete), Longueuil
Source: James Mennie, "Ferland whips ex-MP to win Longueuil mayoralty," Montreal Gazette, June 1, 1987, A3.


1986 Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series
The 1986 Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series was an Australian motor racing competition open to Formula Ford racing cars. It was the 17th Australian Formula Ford Series and the second to carry the Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series name.


1986 Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series
The series was won by Warwick Rooklyn driving an Elwyn 003/004.


1986 Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series, Calendar
The series was contested over eight rounds with one race per round.


1986 Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series, Points system
Points were awarded on a 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first ten places at each round.


1986 Mount Hood Disaster
The 1986 Mount Hood Disaster occurred in May 1986, when seven students and two members of staff from Oregon Episcopal School died during an excursion on Mount Hood. The students were participating in an adventure program required by the school for sophomores. The disaster is the second deadliest alpine accident in North American history, behind an avalanche in 1981 on Mount Rainier which claimed eleven lives.


1986 Mount Hood Disaster, Expedition
The students were participating in Basecamp, a program run by the school following the principles of Outward Bound, and required for all tenth graders. Led by Thomas Goman, the school's chaplain, the expedition set off from Timberline Lodge, just west of the route up Mount Hood, on Monday May 12, 1986, at 3 a.m. The forecast predicted a multi-day storm, but Goman believed that the climb would be complete before the worst of the weather hit. The party consisted of 20 people:  15 students, a student's mother, Goman, one administrator, and two guides, Dee Zduniak from Outward Bound and Ralph Summers.


1986 Mount Hood Disaster, Expedition
Student Hilary Spray and her mother Sharon turned back early in the climb because Hilary was suffering from a stomach ache. Two more students and Zduniak turned around shortly after. According to a statement written by Summers after their rescue, bad weather suddenly arrived in the two-hour period after Zduniak turned back. Summers was eventually able to convince Goman to turn back, but by then the storm arrived and conditions were deteriorating rapidly.


1986 Mount Hood Disaster, Expedition
Because of poor visibility and disorienting conditions, the group descended off course, moving nearly sideways across the mountain. With evening approaching, Summers constructed a snow cave. The cave was not large enough to hold everyone, and the accumulating snowfall built up over the entrance, obstructing the air flow and restricting access. Summers and another student set off for help after first light on Tuesday morning, arriving at Mount Hood Meadows, two miles east of Timberline Lodge, a few hours later. The rest of the group waited at the snow cave, with three students possibly attempting to descend on their own.


1986 Mount Hood Disaster, Rescue
The Portland Mountain Rescue arrived at the Timberline Lodge shortly after 5am on Tuesday, May 13th, alerted to potential trouble on Mount Hood involving student climbers who had not arrived back as expected. The rescuers faced difficult weather conditions, with strong winds overturning a Sno-Cat. On Wednesday morning, a team of rescuers found the bodies of the three students who were outside the snow cave. The team searched nearby for other survivors, using avalanche probes to locate a snow cave. The team was pulled from this location, and redirected after Summers went up in a helicopter to offer guidance on where he thought the survivors were located.


1986 Mount Hood Disaster, Rescue
Later on Wednesday, Richard Harder, a master sergeant with the 304th recovery squadron, a unit of Air Force pararescuers, determined that the search teams were looking in the wrong area, marked a probable search field with a flare from a helicopter, and set up a line of rescuers to use avalanche poles to search for survivors. The snow cave was located on Wednesday evening. Helicopters rushed the victims to area hospitals, where doctors and medical staff attempted treatment. One survivor, Giles Thompson, had to have both legs amputated.


1986 Mount Hood Disaster, Aftermath
The school commissioned an official inquest, which assigned blame primarily to Goman for failing to turn back in the face of bad weather. Settlements were offered to the families of seven students who died, and one family filed a wrongful death lawsuit in September 1986. The school commemorates the event annually in May of each year.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash
On 19 October 1986, a Tupolev Tu-134 jetliner belonging to the Mozambican People's Republic carrying President Samora Machel and 43 others from Mbala, Zambia to the Mozambican capital Maputo crashed at Mbuzini, South Africa. Nine passengers and one crew member survived the crash, but President Machel and 33 others died, including ministers and officials of the Mozambican government.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash
A board of enquiry blamed the captain for failing to react to the Ground Proximity Warning System. Others have claimed that the crew had set the VOR receivers to the wrong frequency, causing them to receive signals from a different airport, or even that a false beacon had been set-up to lure the plane off course. While there was widespread suspicion that the apartheid-regime of South Africa was involved in the crash, no conclusive evidence has emerged.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Aircraft, flight crew and itinerary
The aeroplane being used to transport Machel that day, registration C9-CAA, was manufactured by Tupolev in 1980 according to specifications for Mozambique. It had flown about 1,100 flying hours since the first flight, and had undergone its last major inspection in August 1984 in the USSR. Service records indicated that it had been properly maintained, and data recovered from the Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) showed the aircraft and all its systems were operating normally.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Aircraft, flight crew and itinerary
The flight crew of five consisted of captain Yuri Viktorovich Novodran (48), co-pilot Igor Petrovich Kartamyshev (29), flight engineer Vladimir B. Novoselov (37), navigator Oleg Nikolaevich Kudryashov (48), and radio operator Anatoly Shulipov (39), who were all USSR state employees operating the aircraft for the Mozambican government. They were well experienced in both day and night flying in Mozambique and in landings at Maputo airport.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Aircraft, flight crew and itinerary
On the morning of 19 October, Machel boarded the aeroplane at Maputo, and after a refuelling stop in Lusaka, Zambia arrived at Mbala at 11:00. After the meeting with Kaunda and Dos Santos, Machel and his party re-boarded the aircraft and departed Mbala at 18:38 for a non-stop return to Maputo. The weather forecast for the flight was favourable, with an estimated time of arrival of 21:25.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Start of descent and 37° turn
At 20:46, the flight made its first radio contact with Maputo Air Traffic Control (ATC), reporting its position and that it was continuing towards the Maputo VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) navigation beacon while maintaining an altitude of 35,000 feet (11,000 m). At 21:02 the crew radioed that they were ready to begin descending, and after being instructed by the Maputo controller to report reaching 3,000 feet MSL or when the runway lights were in sight, began their descent for an ILS approach to runway 23.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Start of descent and 37° turn
Over the next eight minutes the aircraft maintained its required track toward Maputo with minor lateral deviations. Then at 21:10 the aeroplane commenced a turn away from Maputo to the right, lasting almost one minute in duration and a resulting heading change from 184° magnetic to 221°. At this time the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) recorded the navigator stating the distance remaining to Maputo as 100 kilometres (62 mi; 54 nmi), then a comment from the captain about the turn, and the navigator's response that the "VOR indicates that way".


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Start of descent and 37° turn
Around 21:15 the navigator stated that the distance to Maputo was 60 kilometres (37 mi; 32 nmi). Over the next few minutes, there were several comments from the crew indicating that they believed the navigational aids at Maputo were unavailable: the captain stated that "there is no Maputo" and "electrical power is off, chaps! ", while the navigator reported that the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) were switched off and that the non-directional beacons (NDBs) were not working.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Landing clearance and crash
Shortly after 21:18, the aircraft reached 910 metres (3,000 ft) in its descent, and the crew informed the Maputo controller that they were maintaining that altitude. However, the aeroplane continued to descend. The Maputo controller granted clearance to the flight for an ILS approach to runway 23, but after the flight crew reported the ILS out of service, the controller changed the clearance to a visual approach to runway 05. During this time, the navigator stated the distance to Maputo as 25–30 km (16–19 mi; 13–16 nmi), the captain remarked that something was wrong, and the co-pilot said that the runway was not lit.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Landing clearance and crash
The crew radioed the Maputo controller and asked him to "check your runway lights". Around 21:21 the navigator stated the range to Maputo as 18–20 km (11–12 mi; 9.7–10.8 nmi), and the flight repeated its request to Maputo to check runway lights. Upon reaching an altitude of 796 metres (2,611 ft) AGL the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) sounded and remained on and, although the captain cursed, the descent continued.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Landing clearance and crash
During the last 22 seconds of the flight, the crew twice more radioed Maputo about the runway lights, affirming that they were not in sight, which was eventually acknowledged by the Maputo controller. Meanwhile, the captain stated "cloudy, cloudy, cloudy" and the navigator exclaimed "no, no, there's nowhere to go, there's no NDBs, nothing!". The captain then added "Neither NDBs, nor ILS! ", which were the last words recorded on the CVR.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Landing clearance and crash
The aircraft first impacted terrain at 21:21:39, approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi; 35 nmi) west of Maputo in a hilly region at an elevation of 666 metres (2,185 ft). At the time of the accident, it was a very dark night, a few minutes before moonrise. The last weather report passed to the aircraft indicated 10 kilometres (5.4 nmi; 6.2 mi) of visibility with 3/8 cloud cover at 550 metres (1,800 ft).


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Search and rescue
After being unable to contact the flight on the radio, the Maputo controller alerted authorities and Mozambican military units prepared for search and rescue. Since the last radio communication with the aircraft had been four minutes before its estimated time of arrival, the initial search area was defined around Maputo. Throughout the rest of the night and early morning helicopters flew search and rescue missions in an attempt to find the missing aeroplane, and in addition a marine search of Maputo Bay was carried out, all without success.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Search and rescue
The actual accident site was in a remote, inaccessible corner of South Africa, approximately 150 metres (500 ft) from the Mozambican border. The left wing hit a tree and the aircraft broke up before sliding down a hill, distributing the wreckage over a debris field 846 metres (2,776 ft) in length. A police officer was alerted at approximately 23:00 by a villager from Mbuzini, and the first responder to the scene was a member of the Komatipoort police station who arrived at 23:40. The first medical personnel reached the site at 01:00. Shortly after 04:00, a helicopter and medical crew from the South African Air Force base at Hoedspruit arrived and evacuated the survivors to Nelspruit hospital.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Crash, Search and rescue
Of the five members of the flight crew, only the flight engineer survived. All four Mozambican cabin crew were fatally injured, as were 26 of the 35 passengers. According to the autopsy conducted by a South African pathologist, Machel died instantly. Besides Machel, the dead included Marxist scholar and diplomat Aquino de Bragança, Machel's possible successor Fernando Honwana, press secretary Muradali Mamadhussein, photo-journalist Daniel Maquinasse, and transport minister Alcantara Santos. One survivor died 2+1⁄2 months after the crash from his injuries.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Reactions
Pik Botha later recalled being alerted to the crash at 04:30 by a phone call from the Minister of Law and Order, Louis le Grange, who stated that 30 to 40 on-board had been killed and Machel was apparent among the dead. According to Pik Botha, he telephoned and informed State President P. W. Botha; they both agreed that, considering the sensitivity of the situation, Pik Botha should accompany officials investigating the crash site. At 06:50, South Africa first notified the Mozambican Government that a plane headed to Maputo had crashed in South African territory near the border.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Reactions
In Mozambique the first indications of the tragedy were when Radio Mozambique switched to funeral music at 08:30. Some minutes later Marcelino dos Santos, a member of the ruling FRELIMO Party, read a statement that President Machel's aircraft had not returned to Maputo as scheduled the previous evening. Dos Santos said authorities were analyzing the situation and appealed for people to both stay calm and remain vigilant. Mozambican security minister, Sérgio Vieira, traveled to Mbuzini with Pik Botha, and proceeded to the crash site and personally identified Machel's body.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Reactions
FRELIMO issued a second communique that evening confirming Machel's death. It did not accuse South Africa directly, however it did suggest that the crash had been criminal in origin. While over the following days and weeks Mozambican government officials would continue to refrain from overt statements of South African complicity, many other leaders in Africa stated outright that the apartheid government was responsible. Violence erupted in Harare, Zimbabwe, when cars driven by whites were attacked by angry demonstrators, prompting an editorial rebuke in Mozambique that declared that Machel had been committed to a non-racial Africa.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Reactions
After lying in state at Maputo City Hall, Machel's funeral on 28 October was attended by more than 100 foreign delegations. Eulogized as a fighter who died in the struggle against apartheid, banners in the crowd made reference to South African involvement in the crash.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, On site
On scene the South African police located and took custody of the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR) (the aircraft was equipped with both digital and magnetic FDRs). According to Pik Botha this was due to suspicions that they could be tampered with. Media access to the site was limited to a team from SABC-TV. Autopsies were conducted on only the four dead flight crew and three others and the bodies returned to Mozambique without the approval of the SACAA.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, On site
On arrival, Mozambican minister Sérgio Vieira asked for the documents that were taken from the aircraft to be handed to him. The SA commissioner of police, Johann Coetzee, had already made copies of these, and the documents were transferred to Vieira.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, On site
In accordance with the South African Air Control Act, aircraft accidents are required to be investigated by the SA Department of Transport. Thus Pik Botha consulted Hendrik Schoeman of the Department of Transport, once Machel's death was confirmed. After Botha and Schoeman had visited the crash site, Botha cited special circumstances and other international protocols as reasons to become involved.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Cooperation
In a press conference on 6 November, Botha announced that a document retrieved from the plane revealed a Mozambican-Zimbabwean plot to topple the Malawian government. The three international teams signed a protocol of secrecy on 14 November 1986 as Botha's selective announcements were straining relations between the teams and governments. Nevertheless, Botha reported to Beeld newspaper on 24 November 1986 that he had listened to Maputo air traffic control's recordings and studied their transcription. He had acquired them from a foreign affairs representative in the South African team.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Cooperation
Director Renee van Zyl of the South African Civil Aviation Bureau served a writ on Botha and the SAP, and received the two recorders at 15:45 on 11 November 1986. On 24 October a 26-member Soviet and Mozambican delegation travelled from Maputo to Komatipoort to join the South African team investigating the crash. Eventually, agreement was reached for representatives of South Africa, Mozambique and the Soviet Union to jointly examine the CVR tapes under Swiss auspices in Zurich.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Formation
According to South Africa, approaches were made to both the United States National Transportation Safety Board and the British Air Accidents Investigation Branch requesting official assistance in the investigation, however both agencies were not willing to become involved on an individual basis. Pik Botha would later state that on his recommendation, due to the mounting suspicions of South African culpability in the crash, the services of three foreign individuals were obtained, and these persons became three of the six members of the Board of Inquiry. These individuals were: Frank Borman, an aeronautical engineer, former United States test pilot, astronaut and CEO of Eastern Air Lines, Geoffrey Wilkinson, former head of the British Department for Transport's Air Accidents Investigation Branch, and Sir Edward Eveleigh, former Lord Justice of Appeal and member of the British Privy Council.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Formation
The three South African board members included J.J.S. Germishuys, former South African Commissioner for Civil Aviation, and Pieter van Hoven, chairman of the Airlines Association of South Africa. The inquiry was chaired by Cecil Margo, a member of the South African Supreme Court who had participated in several other high-profile aircraft accident investigations previously. Board members participated in the earlier fact-finding portion of the investigation, and conducted public hearings at the Supreme Court in Johannesburg from 20 January until 26 January 1987. The board then adjourned to analyze the evidence and reach conclusions as to cause.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The board concluded that the 37° turn was executed by the navigator using the autopilot's Doppler navigation mode, which when set maintained the desired heading while making corrections for wind drift. The navigator performed this turn after he saw the VOR signal indicating that the aircraft had intercepted the Maputo VOR 45° radial, the compass direction from Maputo on which the crew intended to turn and approach for a landing on runway 23. However the turn actually put the aircraft on a path following a 45° radial from the VOR beacon at Matsapa Airport, Swaziland.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
Discounting the possibility of a false VOR beacon, an analysis of which was included in an appendix, the board considered it probable that the flight crew had inadvertently set the first of two VOR receivers on board to the Matsapa VOR frequency. This error was made more likely by the poor design of the instruments, the absence of back lighting of the selected frequencies, the fact the two frequencies were unusually close, 112.7 MHz for Maputo and 112.3 MHz for Matsapa, and the similarity between the figures '7' and '3' on the Soviet instrumentation.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The board considered it "quite likely" that after the turn the captain re-tuned first VOR receiver to the ILS frequency, as the instrument was found in this state after the crash. For the final stages of flight, the aircraft was not following any VOR signal; instead the autopilot was tracking the 221° heading the navigator had set earlier during the turn. The post-accident settings of the second VOR receiver showed that it was displaying the aeroplane's position relative to Maputo and was correctly set to the Maputo VOR frequency, but was apparently not being used to guide the autopilot nor was it being monitored by the crew.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The captain's initial erroneous assumption that Maputo had suffered an electrical blackout was never reconsidered by the crew, despite evidence to the contrary. Throughout the descent the crew were in radio contact with the Maputo controller, who therefore had electrical power, and backup power generators were standard equipment for airport navigational aids. All the navigation aids at Maputo were determined by the board to be working at the time of the accident, although the aircraft was flying too far away and too low to receive the ILS and NDB signals. When announcing the distance remaining to Maputo the navigator was apparently referring to the Doppler navigation system, which was not accurate, rather than the DME equipment available on board which correctly displayed the distance to the Maputo DME beacon.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The crew were criticized for failing to perform any checklist items or navigational aid identification, as well as for the distractions and non-essential conversations in the cockpit during the descent into Maputo. As a consequence of not announcing to the other crew members which navigational aids were being used, or the frequencies being set, mistakes could not be corrected by others through "cross-checking". Regarding it essential that the relatively large crew in the cockpit work as a well-integrated team, the board concluded that "demonstrably they had not".


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The board found that use of non-standard phraseology between the Maputo controller and the crew led to confusion about the status of the ILS signal and whether the runway lights were on. The flight crew's repeated requests to "check runway lights" were interpreted by the controller, based on the use of the word 'check' in civil aviation, as confirmation by the crew that they had the runway lights in sight.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The aircraft had not refueled at Mbala before departing and did not have enough fuel remaining to reach the intended alternative airport in Beira, Mozambique by the time it reached Maputo. This may have greatly increased the pressure on the crew to continue with the landing approach to Maputo despite the difficulties encountered.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
Although the Maputo controller had specifically cleared the aircraft only to 910 metres (3,000 ft) and no lower until the runway lights were in sight, the descent continued below that height at a rate of 150 metres per minute (500 ft/min), without the runway lights visible, in darkness and partially cloudy conditions. The only reaction to the warning by the GPWS, which sounded for 32 seconds, was the captain exclaiming "Damn it!" and a very slight nose-up pitch of the aircraft.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The board concluded that even just seconds before the impact had the crew performed the required procedures for a GPWS alert when flying over hilly or unknown terrain, quickly raising the nose and increasing power, this would have prevented the crash.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Analysis
The captain was singled out for criticism by the board for the decision to continue the descent without any ground references and with the belief that all navigation aids at Maputo were not working, instead of climbing to the published minimum safe altitude for the Maputo area of 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) and verifying his position through other aids available, including his radar.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Findings
The cause of the accident was that the flight crew failed to follow procedural requirements for an instrument let-down approach, but continued to descend under visual flight rules in darkness and some cloud, i.e. without having some contact with the ground, below minimum safe altitude and minimum assigned altitude, and in addition ignored the GPWS alarm.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Findings
In addition the board issued five safety recommendations which covered the use of and recurrent training in approved terminology in ATC communications for both ground and flight crews, monitoring of crew compliance with established procedures, a proposal that CVRs retain a record of the last hour of flight, rather than the standard of 30 minutes, and the importance of maintaining navigational aids to international standards.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Board of Inquiry, Findings
The report was endorsed unanimously by the six members of the board and submitted to the South African Minister of Transport Affairs on 2 July 1987.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Mozambican submission
The Mozambican delegation, representing the State of registry of the aircraft, had a right by international treaty to review a draft of the report and submit their comments for consideration. The Mozambican team provided 11 pages of suggested corrections to the draft, some of which were adopted by the Board. In their submission the Mozambican delegation stated that according to the survivors the South African Police searched the aircraft for documents rather than tending to the injured passengers.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Mozambican submission
Mozambique also provided a technical report prepared by Ron Chippindale of the New Zealand Office of Air Accidents Investigations examining the possibility of tampering with or replacing the genuine Maputo VOR signal with a decoy. His conclusions were that it would be "simple" to set up a mobile VOR, however in order to effectively replace the genuine signal the Maputo VOR would have to be turned off.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Mozambican submission
The Mozambican analysis of and findings from the evidence led them to conclude:


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Soviet submission
The USSR, the state of manufacture of the aircraft, was given a draft of the final report and a chance to review and submit comments in accordance with ICAO convention. In their remarks, the USSR reiterated their endorsement of the previously agreed upon factual information contained in the draft. However regarding the analysis, conclusions and recommendations that followed, the Soviets stated the basic task of the investigation should be to determine the reasons for the 37° turn, which "remained unsolved in the report", and that conclusions of the draft based on the crew's errors were "totally ungrounded". They ended their remarks with a full rejection of the draft, calling it "worthless", and instead offering their own analysis and conclusions.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Soviet submission
The Soviet delegation stated the theory that the crew had mistakenly selected the Matsapa VOR was contradicted by the known settings of the onboard navigation equipment and the timing of the turn. They said that the data recovered from the magnetic flight data recorder did not correspond to the path of an aircraft following the signal from the Matsapa VOR.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Soviet submission
The Soviet team submitted a technical report to support their belief the Matsapa VOR's signal was not strong enough at the point of the turn for the navigation equipment on board the aircraft to receive it effectively, and further that the aeroplane was below the coverage of the VOR, therefore the signal from the Matsapa VOR could not have been the cause of the deviation.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Soviet submission
According to the Soviets, the other navigational aids at Maputo were not strong enough to reach the aircraft and therefore were of no help to the flight crew. A LAM Airlines Boeing 737 flying at around the same time as the accident aircraft reported receiving the Maputo VOR signal unusually early, at a distance of about 350 kilometres (220 mi; 190 nmi). The Soviets stated that this was actually the false decoy beacon that was working with a higher signal level that the actual Maputo VOR.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Investigation, Soviet submission
The Soviets stated that there was an earlier ground proximity warning system (GPWS) alert about 41⁄2 minutes before impact which was triggered by the signal from the decoy VOR beacon, and this false alert was interpreted by the flight crew as a systems fault in the GPWS. Receipt by the flight crew of the visual landing clearance from the Maputo controller implied a permission to descend below 910 metres (3,000 ft) according to ICAO procedures. When the GPWS sounded shortly before impact the crew, doubting its reliability, disregarded it as false, and believing they were over the low terrain continued their descent.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, Claims of a decoy beacon
Suspicion of a false beacon in the Lebombos was first expressed by South African helicopter pilots on the morning following the crash, followed by a similar suggestion in an anonymous call to UPI by a supposed SAAF officer, a day later. The pilots' speculative remark was revealed to Sérgio Vieira, Mozambique's minister of security, in a rash comment by South African police commissioner Johann Coetzee. Neither the Mozambican or Russian teams however, nor any witness testimony given, supplied any evidence or direct allegation concerning a secondary beacon to the Margo commission. The Margo commission's draft report then proposed Matsapa airfield's VOR, combined with pilot error, as playing a likely role in the trajectory followed by the aircraft. The USSR delegation disputed this, saying the signal was obscured by mountains.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, Claims of a decoy beacon
A breakdown in communications followed, causing Gen. Earp of the South African Air Force to authorise military pilots to penetrate Mozambique airspace to test the Matsapa theory. They returned with confirmation, though the final report relied on additional testimonies of commercial pilots who flew on C9-CAA's track. They likewise confirmed clear VOR signals from Matsapa. Mozambican pilot Dias, who supported the Matsapa theory, illustrated his interpretation of events to Mozambican officials on a flight from Lisbon to Maputo. Mozambican authorities however remained unconvinced and suspended air controller de Jesus on 5 May 1998, for allegedly having been bribed to tamper with Maputo airport's beacon on the night of the crash.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, TRC report 2001
A special investigation into Machel's death was carried out by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The report, published in 2001, is available on the T&RC website volume 2-page 494. It concluded "The investigations conducted by the Commission raised a number of questions, including the possibility of a false beacon and the absence of a warning from the South African authorities. The matter requires further investigation by an appropriate structure."


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, TRC report 2001
The TRC investigation took place in camera and without any aviation specialist being present. The testimony was further led by a prominent radio journalist rather than a judge. The TRC's investigation did not find conclusive evidence to support or refute either of the earlier reports. Nonetheless, some pieces of circumstantial evidence collected by the TRC contradicted a number of the Margo Commission's findings:


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, TRC report 2001
The TRC report concluded that the questions of a false beacon and the absence of a warning from the South African authorities require "further investigation by an appropriate structure".


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, TRC report 2001
A police video in the TRC's possession shows South African foreign minister Pik Botha telling journalists at the crash site that President Samora Machel and others killed in the crash were his and President P.W. Botha's "very good friends", and that their deaths were therefore a tragedy for South Africa.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, Confession by Hans Louw
In January 2003, the Sowetan Sunday World reported that an apartheid era killer and former CCB member, Hans Louw, serving a 28-year term at Baviaanspoort Prison near Pretoria, had confessed to participating in a plot to kill Machel. A false radio navigational beacon would have been used to lure the aircraft off course, with Louw forming part of an alleged backup team to shoot the aircraft down if it didn't crash. The newspaper also alleged that another of the plotters, former Rhodesian Selous Scout, Edwin Mudingi, supported Louw's claim. However, after an investigation by the Scorpions, a South African special police unit, it was reported in July 2003 and in October 2008 that they could find no evidence for South African complicity.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, Confession by Hans Louw
In a television documentary written and produced by South African TV journalist Johann Abrahams, Louw says: "So, when the plane reached that hill it was already lower than 1,000 feet [300 m]. And the wheels to prepare to land was (sic) already out. So the pilot that night 22 years ago, thought they were landing in Mozambique." ("The Death of Samora Machel" in SABC "Special Assignment" program broadcast on 7 October 2008.)


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, Confession by Hans Louw
However, Louw's claims do not match the evidence gathered by the tripartite investigating team. According to the agreed Aircraft Accident Factual Report, signed by South Africa, Mozambique and the USSR on 16 January 1987, "Impact occurred at 19.21:39, in darkness".


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, Confession by Hans Louw
The Report of the official Board of inquiry adds that "...the aircraft struck the ground in the flight configuration, with landing gear and flaps retracted and the stabilizer in the cruise position".


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Conspiracy theories and subsequent investigations, 2006 inquiry
South African minister of Safety and Security, Charles Nqakula announced on 2 February 2006 that the Machel death crash inquiry would be reopened. He told reporters in parliament that all of South Africa's law enforcement agencies were expected to be involved in the probe, in co-operation with their Mozambican counterparts. In October 2006 the enquiry was expected to "be wrapped up before the end of the year" but there seems to be no further information available.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Aftermath, 1996 anniversary
A Mbuzini wreath laying ceremony on 17 October was attended by Graça Machel and addressed by Nelson Mandela. Mandela declared the initial simple memorial a South African national monument and hailed Machel as a universal hero whose life exemplified the highest ideals of internationalism and universality. Mandela cautiously claimed that the precise chain of events leading to Machel's death were uncertain and elusive, and repeated an earlier promise that no stone would be left unturned to establish the full truth.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Aftermath, 1999 monument
A Samora Machel Monument was erected at the crash site. Designed by Mozambican architect, Jose Forjaz, at a cost to the South African government of 1.5 million Rand (US$300,000), the monument comprises 35 whistling wind pipes to symbolise each of the lives lost in the air crash. It was inaugurated on 19 January 1999 by Nelson Mandela, his wife Graça, and by President Joaquim Chissano of Mozambique.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Aftermath, 2006 anniversary
At the 20th anniversary of the crash on 19 October 2006, South African president Thabo Mbeki declared the memorial a national heritage site. Leading up to the event, Mozambican president Armando Guebuza, who chaired the Mozambican inquiry in 1986, repeated a commitment to discover the truth about the incident, while President Mbeki, in his state of the nation address of 3 February 2006, mentioned that a satisfactory explanation was still lacking. In November 2006 Jacob Zuma, then ANC deputy president, said that Machel's death was unusual.


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Aftermath, Nelson Mandela's and Graça Machel's accusations
At the Mandela-Machel wedding ceremony on 18 July 1998, Mandela was however reported to have announced that Samora Machel was murdered, without reference to the South African board of enquiry's findings. Graça Machel believes the air crash was no accident and attempted to track down her late husband's alleged killers. In May 1999, Graça Machel said in an interview on SABC TV's News Maker programme that she remained convinced the apartheid government was responsible, and challenged former foreign minister Pik Botha to "come clean" about Samora Machel's death. Botha responded in a public interview on 16 May 1999 that although he had been one of the first people on the scene and was called on to identify Machel's body, the only facts he knew about the crash were the findings of the Margo Commission:


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Aftermath, Nelson Mandela's and Graça Machel's accusations
"I totally reject any suggestion that I could have been a party to a decision of that nature. It is an extremely sad moment for me. - Pik Botha


1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Aftermath, Economic impact
A study in the Quarterly Journal of Economics reached the conclusions that the crash had immediate wider repercussions for Mozambique's economy. An annual 7.7% decline in GDP under Machel's communist nationalisation policies, reverted to growth averaging 2.4% per annum under the freer, multi-party democracy in the tenure of his successor, Joaquim Chissano.


1986 Mozambican general election
General elections were held in Mozambique in 1986. As in the previous election FRELIMO was the sole legal party, but in this election independent candidates could stand as long as they were nominated by FRELIMO.


1986 Mozambican general election
Direct elections were only held for local and city councils, starting on 15 October. These councils then elected District Assemblies by 25 November, which in turn elected Provincial Assemblies by December. 299 candidates stood for election for the 249-seat People's Assembly, the country's top legislative body, and were voted on by the Provincial Assemblies by 15 December. In addition to the 249 successful candidates, an additional 10 people were chosen as reserve members.


1986 Mr. Olympia
The 1986 Mr. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition held on October 11, 1986, at the Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Columbus, Ohio.


1986 Ms. Olympia
The 1986 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on November 19, 1986, at the Felt Forum in Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. It was the 7th Ms. Olympia competition held.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre
1986 Muktsar Bus massacre was a massacre of 14 Hindu and one Sikh bus-passenger by Khalistani Sikh militants. It occurred on 25 July 1986, when a bus was attacked by Sikh militants in which 15 people were shot dead in Muktsar  in the northern state of Punjab, India.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre
Los Angeles Times reported that three men had boarded an express bus going from Muktsar, located in the erstwhile Faridkot district in the western Punjab to its destination Chandigarh. After travelling for approximately 10 miles after Muktsar, at a railway crossing  the bus stopped and a fourth  person boarded it. The four men started waving their weapons which included pistols and Sten guns, and ordered the ladies, children and people of the Sikh religion, who were profiled by their identification symbols turbans and long beards, to get down from the bus.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre
The four men started shooting the remaining Hindu passengers still on the bus. It was reported that the passengers who were killed were all men belonging to the Hindu religion except one man, who was a Sikh with shaved beard. The number of injured passengers was seven. One of the injured man named Surjit Singh was another Sikh in the bus with shaved beard. Surjit was shot in the head and lost his vision but survived. His wife reportedly pleaded with the terrorists to spare them since they were Jat Sikhs as well, but she was ignored.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre
The separation of the passengers on religious grounds and the subsequent massacre of 14 Hindus, suggested that the massacre was a part of Sikh separatist Khalistan movement's campaign designed to divide the communities of Sikh and the Hindus.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre
In bus attack was a major terrorist incident in Punjab during the year 1986, worst being the 1986 Hoshiarpur Bus massacre. Los Angeles Times called the massacre as "one of the worst against the Hindu community during the more than five years" since that the Sikh separatist Khalistan movement had become active in Punjab. The state of Punjab had a Sikh population of 9 million and Hindu population of 7 million.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre, Objective
The goal of the terrorists behind the massacre was to drive out the seven million Hindus living in the state of Punjab and force the Sikhs living outside of the Punjab state to move in. This would have enabled the Sikh separatists to claim the Punjab state as a sovereign country of Khalistan.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre, Objective
Districts near the Indo-Pak border like Faridkot had the most intense campaign carried out by Khalistani terrorists to intimidate the local Hindus and had resulted in their mass exodus. Several thousand Hindu refugees from Punjab had already moved to New Delhi to escape the communal violence.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre, Objective
The India-Pakistan diplomatic relationship has come under strain due to the allegations from Indian diplomats about Pakistani intelligence agents supporting the Khalistani terrorists.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre, Aftermath
The police in Faridkot district had placed the district on curfew. After the incident of the killing of 15 people in Muktsar in July, Hindu-Sikh riots had broke out in western part of New Delhi, where a majority of Hindu refugees from Punjab lived. Five people were killed in those Riots.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre, Reactions
The terrorist attack was raised in the Parliament of India where it was condemned. The Punjab state government which consisted of moderate Sikhs also spoke against the incident. The five major political parties in Punjab state had called for businesses to remain closed in protest of the massacre.


1986 Muktsar bus massacre, Reactions
The Punjab state government, convened an emergency meeting in Chandigarh and made an appeal to the citizens to "remain calm in the face of grave provocation and not to fall into the trap laid by anti-social elements wanting to throw the state into fratricidal bloodshed."


1986 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1986 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final was a hurling match played on Sunday 20 July 1986 at FitzGerald Stadium, Killarney. It was contested by Cork and Clare. Cork captained by Tom Cashman claimed the title beating Clare on a scoreline of 2-18 to 3-12.


1986 NAIA Division I football season
The 1986 NAIA Division I football season was the 31st season of college football sponsored by the NAIA, was the 17th season of play of the NAIA's top division for football.


1986 NAIA Division I football season
The season was played from August to November 1986 and culminated in the 1986 NAIA Champion Bowl, played this year on December 20, 1986 at Burke–Tarr Stadium in Jefferson City, Tennessee, on the campus of Carson–Newman College.


1986 NAIA Division I football season
Carson–Newman defeated Cameron in the Champion Bowl, 17–0, to win their third NAIA national title.


1986 NAIA Division II football season
The 1986 NAIA Division II football season, as part of the 1986 college football season in the United States and the 31st season of college football sponsored by the NAIA, was the 17th season of play of the NAIA's lower division for football.


1986 NAIA Division II football season
The season was played from August to November 1986 and culminated in the 1986 NAIA Division II Football National Championship, played at Maxwell Field on the campus of Linfield College in McMinnville, Oregon.


1986 NAIA Division II football season
Linfield defeated Baker in the championship game, 17–0, to win their third NAIA national title.


1986 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1986 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri. The 49th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format.


1986 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1986 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game
The third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 38th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 15th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on February 16 and ended November 16. Dale Earnhardt of RCR Enterprises won his second championship this year.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
This was the last season without Ernie Irvan until 2000.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Busch Clash
The 8th annual Busch Clash was held on February 9 at Daytona International Speedway. Harry Gant drew for the pole. Only eight drivers ran.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 7-Eleven Twin 125's
The 7-Eleven Twin 125's, a pair of qualifying races for the Daytona 500, were held February 13 at Daytona International Speedway. Bill Elliott and Geoff Bodine won the poles for both races, respectively.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Miller High Life 400
The Miller High Life 400 was held February 23 at Richmond Fairgrounds Raceway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Goodwrench 500
The Goodwrench 500 was held March 2 at North Carolina Motor Speedway. Terry Labonte won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Motorcraft 500
The Motorcraft 500 was held March 16 at Atlanta International Raceway. Dale Earnhardt won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Valleydale 500
The Valleydale 500 was held April 6 at Bristol International Raceway. The No. 5 of Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, TranSouth 500
The TranSouth 500 was held April 13 at Darlington Raceway. The No. 5 of Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, First Union 400
The First Union 400 was held April 20 at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Sovran Bank 500
The Sovran Bank 500 was held April 27 at Martinsville Speedway. No . 25 of Tim Richmond won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Winston 500
The Winston 500 was held May 4 at Alabama International Motor Speedway. The No. 9 of Bill Elliott won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Winston 500
Failed to qualify: 35-Alan Kulwicki (R), 60-Dick Skillen, 70-J. D. McDuffie, 77-Ken Ragan, 95-Davey Allison, 02-Mark Martin, Steve Moore


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, The Winston
The second edition of The Winston, an all-star event for previous NASCAR winners, was held at Atlanta International Raceway on May 11.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, The Winston
This was the only time the race was run at Atlanta, and featured a 200-kilometer (83 lap) format, with a mandatory green flag pit stop. Because there were only nine race winners, the highest placed non-winner from the 1985 point standings was also invited.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Budweiser 500
The Budweiser 500 was held May 18 at Dover International Speedway. Ricky Rudd won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Coca-Cola 600
The Coca-Cola 600 was held May 25 at Charlotte Motor Speedway. The No. 5 of Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Budweiser 400
The Budweiser 400 was held on June 1 at Riverside International Raceway. Darrell Waltrip won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Miller High Life 500
The Miller High Life 500 was held June 8 at Pocono International Raceway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Miller American 400
The Miller American 400 was held June 15 at Michigan International Speedway. Tim Richmond won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Miller American 400
During qualifying, 31-year-old ARCA driver Rick Baldwin, in the Buddy Arrington No. 67 Ford Thunderbird, suffered a severe crash in qualifying that resulted in the car hitting the wall flush with the driver's side, knocking him unconscious into a coma from the massive head injuries, from which he would succumb eleven years later.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Firecracker 400
The Firecracker 400 was held on July 4 at Daytona International Speedway. Cale Yarborough won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Summer 500
The Summer 500 was held July 20 at Pocono International Raceway. Harry Gant won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Talladega 500
The Talladega 500 was held July 27 at Alabama International Motor Speedway. The No. 9 of Bill Elliott won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Budweiser at The Glen
The Budweiser at The Glen was held August 10 at Watkins Glen International. Tim Richmond won the pole. It was the first time a NASCAR race had been run at the track since 1965 but this was an entirely new configuration.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Champion Spark Plug 400
The Champion Spark Plug 400 was held August 17 at Michigan International Speedway. The No. 55 of Benny Parsons won the final pole of his hall of fame career.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Busch 500
The Busch 500 was held August 23 at Bristol International Raceway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Southern 500
The Southern 500 was held August 31 at Darlington Raceway. Tim Richmond won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Wrangler Jeans Indigo 400
The Wrangler Jeans Indigo 400 was held September 7 at Richmond Fairgrounds Raceway. Harry Gant won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Delaware 500
The Delaware 500 was held September 14 at Dover Downs International Speedway. The No. 5 of Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Goody's 500
The Goody's 500 was held September 21 at Martinsville Speedway. Geoff Bodine won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Holly Farms 400
The Holly Farms 400 was held September 28 at North Wilkesboro Speedway. The No. 25 of Tim Richmond won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Oakwood Homes 500
The Oakwood Homes 500 was held on October 5 at Charlotte Motor Speedway. The No. 25 of Tim Richmond won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Nationwise 500
The Nationwise 500 was held on October 19 at North Carolina Motor Speedway. The No. 25 of Tim Richmond won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Atlanta Journal 500
The Atlanta Journal 500 was held November 2 at Atlanta International Raceway. Bill Elliott won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Winston Western 500
The Winston Western 500 was held on November 16 at Riverside International Raceway. Tim Richmond won the pole.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Final points standings, Winston Cup Final Standings
(key) Bold – Pole position awarded by time. Italics – Pole position set by final practice results or 1985 Owner's points. * – Most laps led.


1986 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Rookie of the Year
Alan Kulwicki, a future hall of famer (see Class of 2019 hall of fame) driving for a team that had only one car (which he would buy out before the Southern 500 and become an owner/driver), won the Rookie of the Year award in 1986 despite skipping 6 races (3 of those he failed to qualify for, rounds 1, 2, and 9), finishing in the top-ten four times. Of the rest of the candidates, only runner-up Michael Waltrip ran a complete schedule.


1986 NBA All-Star Game
The 36th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on February 9, 1986, at Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas. The coaches were K.C. Jones for the East, and Pat Riley for the West. The most valuable player was Isiah Thomas of the Detroit Pistons, who recorded 30 points, 10 assists and five steals.


1986 NBA Finals
The 1986 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1985–86 season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. It pitted the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics against the Western Conference champion Houston Rockets, in a rematch of the 1981 NBA Finals (only Allen Leavell and Robert Reid remained from the Rockets' 1981 team). It was the second and last NBA Championship Series of the 1980s not to feature the Los Angeles Lakers.


1986 NBA Finals
The Celtics defeated the Rockets four games to two to win their 16th NBA championship. The championship would be the Celtics' last until 2008. Larry Bird was named the Finals MVP.


1986 NBA Finals
On another note, this series marked the first time the "NBA Finals" branding was officially used, as they dropped the "NBA World Championship Series" branding which had been in use since the beginning of the league, though it had been unofficially called the "NBA Finals" for years.


1986 NBA Finals
Until the 2011 series, this was the last time the NBA Finals had started before June. Since game three, all NBA Finals games have been played in June. Starting with the following year, the NBA Finals would be held exclusively in the month of June. It was also the last NBA Finals series to schedule a game on a Monday until 1999 and also the last NBA Finals game to be played on Memorial Day. Until the 2018 series, it was the last to conclude before June 10.


1986 NBA Finals
CBS Sports used Dick Stockton and Tom Heinsohn as the play-by-play man and color commentator respectively. Meanwhile, Brent Musburger was the host and Pat O'Brien (the Rockets' sideline) and Lesley Visser (the Celtics' sideline) were the sideline reporters.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Boston Celtics
The Celtics made the 1985 NBA Finals, but lost in six games to the Los Angeles Lakers. The series exposed some of Boston's weaknesses, such as the lack of bench scoring, which was exploited after Kevin McHale moved to the starting lineup with Cedric Maxwell bothered by knee injuries. In addition, Larry Bird played through an elbow injury, which severely affected his shooting. In the offseason, president Red Auerbach decided to tweak the roster, trading Maxwell to the Los Angeles Clippers for oft-injured center Bill Walton. He also made a trade with the Indiana Pacers, acquiring Jerry Sichting for Quinn Buckner. These moves would pave the way for the Celtics' greatest season yet.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Boston Celtics
Entering the 1985–86 season, the Celtics surged to a league-best 67–15 record, powered by an NBA record 40 victories at home. Their incomparable home record alone (since tied by the San Antonio Spurs in the 2015–2016 regular season) put the Celtics in the conversation among the NBA's greatest teams in a single season.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Boston Celtics
In the playoffs, Boston needed just three games to defeat the Chicago Bulls in the first round, despite a playoff record 63 points by Michael Jordan in Game 2. When asked about Jordan's performance in Boston's 135-131 2OT victory, Boston's coach K. C. Jones said, "I don't have a word for today." In retrospect, this game is considered to be a classic clash of the NBA's (arguably) greatest player, Jordan, and the NBA's (arguably) greatest team, Bird's '86 Celtics.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Boston Celtics
In the second round, Boston eliminated the Atlanta Hawks in five games, with the clinching Game 5 a no-doubter as Boston outscored Atlanta 36–6 in the third quarter en route to a 132–99 victory. Then in the conference finals, Boston swept the Milwaukee Bucks in four games, a direct reversal of their second round meeting in the 1983 NBA Playoffs.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Houston Rockets
Following their previous Finals appearance in 1981, the Rockets entered a brief rebuilding period. Long-time Rockets Calvin Murphy and Rudy Tomjanovich retired, while Mike Dunleavy, Sr., Bill Willoughby, Tom Henderson and Billy Paultz moved on to different teams. But the biggest move came during the 1982 offseason, when the Rockets traded Moses Malone to the 1983 champions Philadelphia 76ers. The loss of Malone sent the Rockets to a league-worst 14–68 record in the 1982–83 season, after which the Rockets were awarded the top pick of the 1983 NBA draft and selected Ralph Sampson.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Houston Rockets
After a 29-win season in 1984, the Rockets were once again rewarded with the top pick in the 1984 NBA draft. They selected another center in Akeem Olajuwon, and paired alongside Sampson, they were dubbed as the "Twin Towers". Houston also added some valuable role players to complement the duo and holdovers Allen Leavell and Robert Reid, acquiring Rodney McCray, Lewis Lloyd, Craig Ehlo, Mitchell Wiggins and Jim Petersen.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Houston Rockets
Under third-year head coach Bill Fitch (the head coach of the 1980–81 Celtics championship team), the Rockets posted a 51–31 record and won the Midwest Division title. In the first round, they swept the Sacramento Kings, then eliminated the Denver Nuggets in six games during the second round. In the conference finals, they were matched up against the defending champion Los Angeles Lakers, and after losing Game 1, the Rockets stunned the Lakers by winning the final four games, highlighted by a series-clinching buzzer beater by Sampson in Game 5.


1986 NBA Finals, Background, Regular season series
The Boston Celtics won both games in the regular season series:


1986 NBA Finals, The finals
The Larry Bird–led Celtics defeated the Rockets again 4 games to 2 in the 1986 NBA Finals. The Celtics won the first two games at the Boston Garden, where they had gone 40–1 during the regular season. The Rockets had been almost as good at home during the regular season, and they defeated the Celtics 106–104 in game three. Game 4 was a tense battle at the Summit, which the Celtics won 106–103, with Bill Walton coming off the bench for a tired Robert Parish to score a crucial basket.