1984 NCAA Men's Volleyball Tournament, Qualification
Until the creation of the NCAA Men's Division III Volleyball Championship in 2012, there was only a single national championship for men's volleyball. As such, all NCAA men's volleyball programs (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible. A total of 4 teams were invited to contest this championship.


1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship
The 1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship was the 16th annual NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship to determine the national champion of NCAA men's collegiate water polo. Tournament matches were played at the Belmont Plaza Pool in Long Beach, California during December 1984.


1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship
California defeated Stanford in the final, 9–8, to win their sixth national title. Coached by Pete Cutino, the Golden Bears finished the season 26–4–1.


1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship
Mike Grier (Pepperdine) was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament. An All-Tournament Team, consisting of seven players, was also named.


1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship
The tournament's leading scorers were Alan Gresham (California) and Charlie Harris (USC), with 11 goals each.


1984 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship, Qualification
Since there has only ever been one single national championship for water polo, all NCAA men's water polo programs (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible. A total of 8 teams were invited to contest this championship.


1984 NCAA Rifle Championships
The 1984 NCAA Rifle Championships were contested at the fifth annual tournament to determine the team and individual national champions of NCAA co-ed collegiate rifle shooting in the United States. The championship was held at Murray State University in Murray, Kentucky.


1984 NCAA Rifle Championships
West Virginia, with a team score of 6,206, won their second consecutive, and second overall, team title, finishing 64 points ahead of East Tennessee State. The Mountaineers were coached by Olympian Edward Etzel.


1984 NCAA Rifle Championships
The individual champions were, for the smallbore rifle, Bob Broughton (West Virginia) and, for the air rifle, Pat Spurgin (Murray State).


1984 NCAA Rifle Championships, Qualification
Since there is only one national collegiate championship for rifle shooting, all NCAA rifle programs (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible. A total of seven teams ultimately contested this championship.


1984 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1984 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Wildcat Mountain Ski Area in Jackson, New Hampshire as part of the 31st annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross country skiing in the United States.


1984 NCAA Skiing Championships
Defending champions Utah, coached by Phil Miller, claimed their third team national championship, 66.5 points ahead of Vermont in the cumulative team standings.


1984 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue
This year's NCAA skiing championships were hosted at the Wildcat Mountain Ski Area near Jackson, New Hampshire.


1984 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue
These were the fifth championships held in the state of New Hampshire (1958, 1964, 1970, 1978, and 1984).


1984 NCAA Women's Golf Championship
The 1984 NCAA Women's Golf Championships were contested at the third annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of women's collegiate golf in the United States. Until 1996, the NCAA would hold just one women's golf championship for all programs across Division I, Division II, and Division III.


1984 NCAA Women's Golf Championship
The tournament was held again at the University of Georgia Golf Course in Athens, Georgia.


1984 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship
The 1984 NCAA Women's Gymnastics championship involved 10 schools competing for the national championship of women's NCAA Division I gymnastics. It was the third NCAA gymnastics national championship and the defending NCAA Team Champion for 1983 was Utah. The Competition took place in Los Angeles, California hosted by UCLA in Pauley Pavilion.


1984 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship
The 1984 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship was the third annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national championship of NCAA women's college lacrosse. The championship game was played at Nickerson Field in Boston, Massachusetts during May 1984.


1984 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship
The Temple Owls won their first championship after defeating the Maryland Terrapins in the final, 6–4.


1984 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship
The leading scorer for the tournament, for the second straight year, was Karen Emas, from Delaware, with 20 goals. Marie Schmucker, from Temple, was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament.


1984 NCAA Women's Lacrosse Championship, Qualification
Until 1985, there was only one NCAA championship; a Division III title was added in 1985 and a Division II title in 2001. Hence, all NCAA women's lacrosse programs were eligible for this championship. This tournament, in turn, was contested by 12 teams.


1984 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament
The 1984 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament was the third annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA women's collegiate soccer. The championship game was again played at Fetzer Field in Chapel Hill, North Carolina during December 1984.


1984 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament
North Carolina defeated Connecticut in the final, 2–0, to win their third consecutive national title. The Tar Heels were coached by Anson Dorrance.


1984 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament
The Most Outstanding Player was April Heinrichs (North Carolina), the Most Outstanding Offensive Player was  Amy Machin (North Carolina), and the Most Outstanding Defensive Player was Shelley McElroy (Connecticut). An All-Tournament Team was not named this year.


1984 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament
The leading scorer for the tournament was Catherine Spence from Massachusetts (5 goals).


1984 NCAA Women's Soccer Tournament, Qualification
At the time, there was only one NCAA championship for women's soccer; a Division III title was added in 1986 and a Division II title in 1988. Hence, all NCAA women's soccer programs  (whether from Division I, Division II, or Division III) were eligible for this championship. The tournament field expanded for the first time this year, from 12 to 14 teams.


1984 NFL Draft
The 1984 NFL Draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held May 1–2, 1984, at the Omni Park Central Hotel in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the regular supplemental draft that year. The NFL did have a special supplemental draft for college seniors who had already signed with the USFL or CFL on June 5, 1984.


1984 NFL Draft
The 1984 draft was the first in ten years in which a quarterback was not selected in the first round; the first quarterback selected in 1984 was Boomer Esiason, who was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round, with the 38th overall pick.


1984 NFL Draft, Hall of Famers
To date, no member of the 1984 NFL draft has been inducted into the Professional Football Hall of Fame.


1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players
The 1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players was a one-time draft of United States Football League and Canadian Football League players, held in the spring of 1984.


1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players, Reason for the draft
In New York City on Tuesday, June 5, 1984, the National Football League held a draft for college seniors who had already signed with either the USFL or the CFL in an attempt to head off a bidding war in its own ranks for USFL and CFL players. The 28 NFL teams chose 84 players from 224 available during the three-round selection meeting. The draft was for players who would have been eligible for the regular 1984 NFL Draft in early May, but  had already signed a contract with  a  USFL or CFL team.


1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players, Reason for the draft
The draft was implemented primarily with the fledgling USFL in mind. The owners did not want to risk potentially "wasting" picks in the regular draft on players who were already signed by another league, but also wanted to ensure there would not be a large influx of free agent talent in case the new league suddenly collapsed.


1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players, Reason for the draft
The CFL, being a much more established circuit with strict limits on the number of American players on each team, was not as much of a concern, but was included to shield the NFL from potential antitrust litigation that might have arisen had the league targeted a specific rival with a supplemental draft. Of the 84 players selected, only eight were from the CFL, with 76 from the USFL.


1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players, Reason for the draft
The Los Angeles Express were something less than a juggernaut in 1984, with only a 8–7 record at the time of this draft. They finished 10–8 in the regular season and lost in the second round (semifinals) of the eight-team playoffs. But their talent-laden roster, including future Hall of Famers Steve Young and Gary Zimmerman, proved popular as twenty Express players were picked, including four of the first six selections and eleven in the opening round. (The eventual '84 USFL champs from Philadelphia were second with nine picks; no CFL team had more than two.)


1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players, Reason for the draft
Only one trade involving supplemental draft picks was consummated, as the Cleveland Browns acquired all three of the Chicago Bears' supplemental picks in exchange for the Browns' selections in the final four rounds of the regular 1984 draft. As a result, Cleveland made six selections in this draft (including Pro Bowlers Kevin Mack and Gerald McNeil, both with picks that originally belonged to Chicago) while the Bears made none. The other 26 teams made three selections each.


1984 NFL season
The 1984 NFL season was the 65th regular season of the National Football League. The Colts relocated from Baltimore, Maryland to Indianapolis, Indiana before the season.


1984 NFL season
The season ended with Super Bowl XIX when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38–16 at Stanford Stadium in California. This was the first Super Bowl televised by ABC, who entered into the annual championship game rotation with CBS and NBC. This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium (Stanford, California) and a Super Bowl team (San Francisco 49ers).


1984 NFL season
The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season (including the postseason). Additionally, two major offensive records were set this season, with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 (later broken by Drew Brees in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016, by Tom Brady in 2011, by Peyton Manning in 2013, by Ben Roethlisberger and Patrick Mahomes in 2018 and by Jameis Winston in 2019) and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season rushing yards record with 2,105. Another statistical record broken was Mark Gastineau for most sacks in a single season, with 22 (surpassed by Michael Strahan in 2001).


1984 NFL season
Also during the season, San Diego Chargers wide receiver Charlie Joiner became the all-time leader in career receptions; he set that mark in a game between the Chargers and the Pittsburgh Steelers at Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium.


1984 NFL season
A week 10 game against the Kansas City Chiefs the Seattle Seahawks set numerous NFL records for interception returns, including most interception return yardage in a game and most interceptions returned for touchdowns in a game with 4 (all touchdowns over 50 yards in length). The Seahawks also tied an NFL record with 63 defensive takeaways on the season.


1984 NFL season
Salaries increased significantly over the past two seasons in the NFL, up nearly fifty percent; new Houston Oilers quarterback Warren Moon led the list at $1.1 million.


1984 NFL season, Player movement, Draft
The 1984 NFL Draft was held from May 1 to May 2, 1984 at New York City's Omni Park Central Hotel. With the first pick, the New England Patriots selected wide receiver Irving Fryar from the University of Nebraska.


1984 NFL season, Preseason
The Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, in which the Seattle Seahawks defeated the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 38–0, was contested on July 28, 1984 and held at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio, the same city where the league was founded. The 1984 Hall of Fame Class included Willie Brown, Mike McCormack, Charley Taylor and Arnie Weinmeister.


1984 NFL season, Regular season, Scheduling formula
Inter-conferenceAFC East vs NFC EastAFC Central vs NFC WestAFC West vs NFC Central


1984 NFL season, Stadium changes
The relocated Indianapolis Colts moved from Baltimore's Memorial Stadium to the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis.


1984 NFL season, Stadium changes
The New York Jets moved their home games from Shea Stadium in New York City to Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, sharing it with the Giants.


1984 NHK Trophy
The 1984 NHK Trophy was held at the Yoyogi National Stadium in Tokyo on November 23–25. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.


1984 NHL Entry Draft
The 1984 NHL Entry Draft was the 22nd NHL Entry Draft. It took place on June 9, 1984, at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec.


1984 NHL Entry Draft
The 1984 Entry Draft is noted for the unusually high number of future Hall of Famers picked, particularly in lower rounds. In addition to Mario Lemieux being taken first overall, Patrick Roy was chosen in the third round, Brett Hull in the sixth, and Luc Robitaille in the ninth. In addition, Lemieux, Gary Suter and Robitaille would all go on to win the Calder Memorial Trophy, Lemieux in 1985, Suter in 1986, and Robitaille in 1987, making this a rare draft in which multiple Rookie of the Year winners were produced.


1984 NHL Entry Draft
The surprise at the time of the draft was Montreal's selection of Petr Svoboda at fifth-overall. As a player trained behind the Iron Curtain, very few people expected him to be available for selection in the draft, let alone be actually attending the draft and coming to the podium when his name was announced, as he had only recently defected to West Germany following the 1984 WJHC (only Serge Savard, the then-GM of the Canadiens, had been aware of Svoboda's defection).


1984 NHL Entry Draft
In addition to Svoboda, of note is that Tom Glavine, playing centre in high school, who later became a star Major League Baseball pitcher with more than 300 career wins, as well as a 2014 inductee of the Baseball Hall of Fame was chosen in the fourth round (69th overall) by the Los Angeles Kings, ahead of notable players such as future Hall of Famers Brett Hull (117th overall), and Luc Robitaille (171st overall).


1984 NHL Entry Draft, Selections by round
Below are listed the selections in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft. Club teams are located in North America unless otherwise noted.


1984 NSL Cup
The 1984 NSL Cup was the eighth season of the NSL Cup, which was the main national association football knockout cup competition in Australia. All 24 NSL teams from around Australia entered the competition.


1984 NSW Building Society Open
The 1984 NSW Building Society Open  was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney, Australia that was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix and the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The women's tournament was held from 19 November through 25 November 1984. The men's tournament was held from 10 December through 16 December 1984. John Fitzgerald and Martina Navratilova won the singles titles.


1984 NSW Building Society Open, Finals, Men's Doubles
Paul Annacone /  Christo van Rensburg' defeated  Tom Gullikson /  Scott McCain 7–6, 7–5


1984 NSW Building Society Open, Finals, Women's Doubles
Claudia Kohde-Kilsch /  Helena Suková defeated  Wendy Turnbull /  Sharon Walsh 6–2, 7–6


1984 NSWRL season
The 1984 New South Wales Rugby League season was the 77th season of competition between the top professional rugby league football clubs within New South Wales. With the departure from the first grade competition of Sydney foundation club the Newtown Jets at the close of the previous season, 1984 saw thirteen teams compete for the J J Giltinan Shield and Winfield Cup during the season, which culminated in a grand final between the Canterbury-Bankstown and Parramatta clubs. NSWRL teams also competed for the 1984 National Panasonic Cup.


1984 NSWRL season, Season summary
The New South Wales Rugby Football League dropped the "football" from its name this year. Twenty-six regular season rounds were played from March till August, resulting in a top five of Canterbury, St. George, Parramatta and Manly, with Souths taking fifth spot after winning a play-off against Canberra


1984 NSWRL season, Season summary
The 1984 season's Rothmans Medallist was Canterbury-Bankstown's five-eighth, Terry Lamb, who was also the season's top try-scorer. The Dally M Award was given to Canterbury's fullback, Michael Potter, while Rugby League Week gave their player of the year award to Parramatta's halfback, Peter Sterling.


1984 NSWRL season, Season summary, Teams
At the close of the previous season Newtown became the first club since University in 1937 to exit the League, reducing the number of clubs this season from fourteen to thirteen. This included five Sydney-based foundation teams, another six from Sydney, one from greater New South Wales and one from the Australian Capital Territory.


1984 NSWRL season, Season summary, Teams
77th seasonGround: North Sydney OvalCoach: Greg HawickCaptain: →Fred Teasdell→Mark Graham


1984 NSWRL season, Finals, Grand Final
The 1984 grand final was contested by minor premiers Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Parramatta Eels. As competition leaders, the Bulldogs needed to win only one finals game to qualify for the grand final, and did so against the third-placed Eels, who had to play three finals games to qualify. Played at the Sydney Cricket Ground before a crowd of 47,076, the game was refereed by Kevin Roberts.


1984 NSWRL season, Finals, Grand Final
The ruthless game plan of coach Warren Ryan saw Canterbury trump Parramatta in a grueling encounter. The Bulldogs mastered the art of the "gang-tackle" under Ryan and it was executed superbly by Peter Tunks, Peter Kelly, Mark Bugden and Brian Battese. Parramatta had a 4-0 half-time lead after Mick Cronin scored from a neat Peter Sterling pass.


1984 NSWRL season, Finals, Grand Final
An ingenious moment from Canterbury hooker Bugden won the day - seeing an injured Ray Price on the ground, he ran from dummy-half at the place where Price would have been defending to crash over and score the winning try.


1984 NSWRL season, Finals, Grand Final
Cronin later missed a close range penalty goal attempt which would have levelled the scores close to full-time.


1984 Nabisco Dinah Shore
The 1984 Nabisco Dinah Shore was a women's professional golf tournament, held April 5–8 at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. This was the thirteenth edition of the ANA Inspiration, and the second as a major championship. With a purse of $400,000 and a winner's share of $55,000, this was the richest event in women's golf in 1984.


1984 Nabisco Dinah Shore
Juli Inkster, 23, won the first of her seven major titles in a sudden-death playoff over Pat Bradley, with a par on the first extra hole. It was Inkster's second win on tour; she turned professional eight months earlier and won the Safeco Classic near Seattle in September 1983.


1984 Nabisco Dinah Shore
Defending champion Amy Alcott finished at even par 288, eight strokes back in a tie for tenth.


1984 Nabisco Dinah Shore, Final leaderboard, Playoff
The sudden-death playoff began and ended on the first extra hole, the par 4 fifteenth. Source:


1984 Nagano earthquake
The 1984 Nagano earthquake (Japanese: 長野県西部地震) hit west part of Nagano Prefecture, Japan on September 14, 1984, at 08:48 local time (September 13, 1984, at 23:48 UTC). Registering a magnitude of Ms 6.3, the earthquake destroyed Otaki (Japanese: 王滝(おうたき)), and triggered major landslides. The earthquake left at least 29 people dead or missing, making it the deadliest earthquake in 1984.


1984 Nagano earthquake, Geology
Although the epicenter was only 2 km (1 mi) deep, no visible fault appeared. The Japan Meteorological Agency estimated that two faults, one 15 km (9 mi) long and one 5 km (3 mi) long, had ruptured simultaneously.


1984 Nagano earthquake, Geology, Relation to other earthquakes
Seismologists including Akeo Yoshida state that the 1948 Fukui earthquake, a 7.0 Mj earthquake in Gifu Prefecture in 1961, a 6.6 Mj earthquake in Gifu Prefecture in 1969, and this earthquake were earthquakes that occurred in a cycle for a little while in the same area.


1984 Nagano earthquake, Main Shock
Since there was no seismometer in the area, the Japan Meteorological Agency made an estimate intensity, Shindo 6. Some unofficial estimates put it to Shindo 7. There are reports that rocks and pieces of wood flew in the air in areas near the epicenter, due to ground accelerations faster than gravitational acceleration in the 5 Hz~10 Hz shaking range. A seismometer at Makio Dam, 4 km (2 mi) away from the epicenter, observed very strong shaking but couldn't record more than 0.3 g which was the limit.


1984 Nagano earthquake, Damage
Due to torrential rains in the area before the earthquake, many landslides occurred.


1984 Nagano earthquake, Response
Nine check dams were built on Mount Ontake in four years after the earthquake.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The 1984 Nansen Refugee Award
Three American seamen,  Lewis Hiller, Jeff Kass and Gregg Turay of the 94,000-ton tanker merchant vessel USS Rose City, were jointly awarded the 1984 Nansen Award for work with refugees, given yearly by the UNHCR.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The 1984 Nansen Refugee Award
The captain of the tanker USS Rose City, Lewis Hiller, was from Carroll, Neb., crewmen Jeff Kass, from Philadelphia, and Gregg Turay,  from Seattle.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The Rescue
They  were awarded the prize for their roles in the rescue of 85 Indo-Chinese boat people drifting on the South China Sea during  were a storm in September 1983. Hiller, the ship’s captain, ordered the rescue organization. Kass and Turay dived into the sea to help some of the refugees who were in danger of drowning.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The Rescue
One of the people saved, along with his eight year old son, was Chua Quach. Quach had just been released after seven and a half years in a re-education camp, where he had been  imprisoned  for having been a lieutenant in the South Vietnamese Army. Quach spoke fluent English, and was quoted about his experience and rescue  by the New York Times, the Washington Post, and other newspapers.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The Rescue
In presenting the award to the three men,  High Commissioner Poul Hartling,  commended them for their efforts, without hesitation, to approach the small craft that was overloaded with 85 people, largely women and children, including two pregnant women and an 11 month old baby. He described how Kass and Tourey entered the turbulent waters to rescue some people who had fallen overboard. Their daring rescue of 85 Indo-Chinese refugees in distress by stormy weather in the darkness of the night “deserves to be inscribed in golden letters in the annals of maritime and refugee history,' said High Commissioner Hartling, of Denmark.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The Rescue
Only one person, a sixteen year old girl, was never recovered, although the ship  had continued to look for her throughout the night.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The Rescue
The refugees were disembarked at Singapore and subsequently resettled in the United States.


1984 Nansen Refugee Award, The Rescue
The Nansen Award had previously been presented to prominent figures in the realm of refugee work. This 1984 Award was a departure form that tradition. The Rose City, the tanker whose crew made the rescue, was later recommissioned as the third USS Comfort, a hospital ship with beds for 1000 patients, and twelve operating rooms. It was deployed to Operation Desert Storm in 1990, and later, in 1994, to Haiti.


1984 NatWest Trophy
The 1984 NatWest Trophy was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 4 July and 1 September 1984. The fourth NatWest Trophy tournament, it was won by Middlesex who defeated Kent by 4 wickets in the final at Lord's.


1984 NatWest Trophy, Format
The seventeen first-class counties were joined by thirteen Minor Counties: Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cumberland, Devon, Durham, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Northumberland, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Suffolk and Wiltshire. The Ireland and Scotland teams also participated. Teams who won in the first round progressed to the second round. The winners in the second round then progressed to the quarter-final stage. Winners from the quarter-finals then progressed to the semi-finals from which the winners then went on to the final at Lord's which was held on 1 September 1984.


1984 National Camogie League
The 1984 National Camogie League, the second most important elite level inter-county competition in the women's team field sport of camogie was won by Cork, who defeated Dublin in the final, played at Ballinlough.


1984 National Camogie League, Arrangements
Dublin won their group outright with three new forwards in their squad, Ann Colgan, Marie O'Connell and Carmel O'Byrne. Cork were held to a draw against Tipperary but beat Limerick to top the other group. Agnes Hourigan wrote in the Irish Press:


1984 National Camogie League, Arrangements
Cork moved Marion Conroy to full back early in the campaign and Angela Higgins got a new life with her chance at number 12.


1984 National Camogie League, The Final
Dublin led 0-3 to 0-2 at half-time in a disappointing final but Cork took command when Mary O'Leary deflected the ball to the net at the start of the second half. It was described as Dublin’s poorest showing for many years. Clare Cronin moved to centre forward where she opened up the game for the other forwards. Six Cork points followed and Dublin’s only reply was a point from Carmel O'Byrne. Agnes Hourigan wrote in the Irish Press:


1984 National Camogie League, The Final
Cork played for a quarter an hour and won, Dublin did not play at all. Both sides must have asked themselves over and over again how they could have been so bad. Cork had the better of things at midfield and missed the services of the injured Edel Murphy. But their forwards squandered chance after chance. Dublin’s teams of the fifties and early sixties were renowned for their teamwork. Their side on Sunday lacked any plan or leadership. Both counties have an uphill climb to prepare for the championship.


1984 National Camogie League, The Final
Dublin went on to win the All-Ireland title three months later, defeating Tipperary in the final.


1984 National Camogie League, Division 2
The Junior National League, known since 2006 as Division Two, was won by Dublin’s second team who defeated Armagh in the final. The league was divided into five sections, and Armagh, relying on Patricia Daly, Sally McCone, Ursula McGivern, and Rita McColgan defeated Derry to win their section and Cavan by 3-7 to 1-3 to qualify for the final. Dublin defeated Tyrone in the semi-final.


1984 National Challenge Cup
The 1984 National Challenge Cup was the 70th edition of the USSF's annual open soccer championship. Teams from the North American Soccer League and the American Soccer League declined to participate. AO Krete of New York City defeated Chicago Croatian of Chicago in the final game. The score was 4–2.


1984 National Challenge Cup, Final
June 24, 1984 St. Louis Soccer Park – Fenton, MissouriAO Krete (New York, NY) 4:2 Croatian SC (Chicago, IL)


1984 National Challenge Cup, Final, Scoring Summary
Krete – Mirko Popovski 36′(PK) 81′, Drasko Cvetkovic 55′ n/a’Croatian – Josip Malkoc 2′, Marinko Volarovic 44′


1984 National Challenge Cup, Final, Lineups
Krete – Lukovic, Cvetkovic, Ost, Carr, Nelson, Kyder, Popovski, Pedraza, McKeown, Estavillo, Malenkov


1984 National Challenge Cup, Final, Lineups
Croatian – Lisica, Novak, Galovic, Mikulski, Volarevic, Zanic, Losansky, Vlainic, Dosen, Malkos, Tyma (Milenko)


1984 National Invitation Tournament
The 1984 National Invitation Tournament was the 1984 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.


1984 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams
Below is a list of the 32 teams selected for the tournament.


1984 National Invitation Tournament, Bracket
Below are the four first round brackets, along with the four-team championship bracket.


1984 National League Championship Series
The 1984 National League Championship Series was played between the San Diego Padres and the Chicago Cubs from October 2 to 7. San Diego won the series three games to two to advance to the World Series. It was the first postseason series ever for the Padres since the franchise's beginning in 1969, and the first appearance by the Cubs in postseason play since the 1945 World Series.


1984 National League Championship Series
Chicago took a 2–0 lead in the series, but San Diego prevailed after rebounding to win three straight, which contributed to the popular mythology of the "Curse of the Billy Goat" on the Cubs. The series was the 16th NLCS in all and the last to be played as a best-of-five. In 1985, the League Championship Series changed to a best-of-seven format.


1984 National League Championship Series
Due to a strike by major league umpires, the first four games of the NLCS were played with replacement umpires. The umpires originally scheduled to work the series were John Kibler, Frank Pulli, Harry Wendelstedt, Ed Montague, Billy Williams and Bob Engel. Kibler worked Game 5 behind the plate with fellow veterans Paul Runge, John McSherry and Doug Harvey.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
Chicago romped to a crushing 13–0 win in their first postseason game since 1945. Bob Dernier and Gary Matthews hit home runs in the first off Eric Show, then Rick Sutcliffe also homered in the third. Later that inning, after a walk, single and fly out, Leon Durham's single and Keith Moreland's sacrifice fly scored a run each. The Cubs then blew the game open in the fifth off Greg Harris.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
A leadoff double and walk was followed by Matthews's three-run home run, then after a one-out walk and single, Jody Davis's single and Larry Bowa's groundout scored a run each. A walk and single loaded the bases before Ryne Sandberg's RBI single made it 11–0 Cubs. Next inning, Ron Cey's two-out home run off Harris made it 12–0 Cubs, then Davis doubled and scored the last run of the game on Bowa's single. Starting pitcher Rick Sutcliffe held the Padres to two hits over seven strong innings. The Cubs' overwhelming victory had Chicago's long-suffering fans dreaming of the franchise's first World Series championship since 1908.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Chicago's offense was considerably more subdued in Game 2, though their pitching remained almost as strong. Dernier again opened the scoring for the Cubs in the first off Mark Thurmond, singling to left and coming around to score on two groundouts. In the third, Keith Moreland singled with one out and scored on a double by Ron Cey, who moved to third on the throw to home and scored on Jody Davis's sacrifice fly.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
San Diego got one back in the fourth when Tony Gwynn doubled, moved to third on a groundout, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Kevin McReynolds off Steve Trout. But Chicago answered in the bottom of the fourth when Ryne Sandberg doubled in Dernier. San Diego cut the lead to 4–2 in the sixth when Alan Wiggins walked with one out, moved to second on a groundout, and scored on a single by Steve Garvey, but the Padres could get no closer against the strong pitching of Steve Trout. Lee Smith came on with one out in the ninth to get the save, and the Cubs were just one victory away from the World Series.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
Thursday, October 4, 1984, at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
The series moved to San Diego, and the Padres staved off elimination with a convincing 7–1 win. During pregame ceremonies, the normally reserved Padres shortstop Garry Templeton encouraged the crowd by waving his cap. He ended a Cubs' rally in the first inning with an acrobatic catch of a line drive from Leon Durham. However, San Diego actually fell behind 1–0 in the second when Chicago's Keith Moreland doubled and came home on Cey's single to center.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
The Cubs threatened to score more that inning, but Templeton made another excellent play, diving to his right on a line drive from Dernier that appeared destined for left field. But the Cubs would get no more off Padres starter Ed Whitson, while San Diego's bats finally came to life with seven runs in the fifth and sixth off of Dennis Eckersley. Terry Kennedy and Kevin McReynolds led off the fifth with back-to-back singles, then scored on Garry Templeton's double, giving San Diego their first lead of the series at 2–1.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
One out later, Templeton scored on Alan Wiggins's single to make it 3–1 Padres. Next inning, Tony Gwynn hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a groundout and scored on Graig Nettles's single. George Frazier relieved Eckersley and allowed a single to Kennedy before McReynolds's three-run home run gave the Padres a commanding 7–1 lead. Rich Gossage pitched a dominating ninth inning to wrap up the win for San Diego, their first postseason win in franchise history.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
"It was the loudest crowd I've ever heard anywhere", said Gossage, a former New York Yankee. Gwynn agreed as well. Jack Murphy Stadium played "Cub-Busters", a parody of the theme song from the 1984 movie Ghostbusters. Cub-Busters T-shirts inspired from the movie were popular attire for Padres fans. Prior to the game, fans in the parking lot were lynching teddy bears, and singing the "We ain't 'fraid o' no Cubs" lyrics from "Cub-Busters".


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 4
Saturday, October 6, 1984, at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 4
Game 4 proved to be the most dramatic of the series, and it left many Cubs fans dreading another harsh disappointment for the franchise nicknamed the "lovable losers." The Padres jumped out to a 2–0 lead in the third off of Scott Sanderson on a sacrifice fly from Tony Gwynn with two on followed by a run-scoring double from Steve Garvey, but the Cubs took the lead in the fourth off of Tim Lollar on a two-run homer by Jody Davis after a leadoff walk followed by a shot by Leon Durham, who would later suffer ignominy in Game 5.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 4
The Padres tied the game in the fifth on an RBI single from Garvey, and took the lead in the seventh when Garvey singled in yet another run after two walks by Tim Stoddard. A passed ball allowed a second tally in the inning to make the score 5–3 San Diego. The Cubs bounced back in the eighth to tie the game off of Rich Gossage when Ryne Sandberg hit a leadoff single, stole second, and scored on an RBI single by Keith Moreland. Right fielder Henry Cotto pinch-ran for Moreland and scored on an RBI double from Davis.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 4
With dominating closer Lee Smith on the mound for the Cubs in the bottom of the ninth, Gwynn singled to center with one out. Garvey then capped an extraordinary five-RBI game by launching a two-run walk-off home run to right center field at the 370 sign, just out of reach of leaping Cubs right fielder Henry Cotto. Previously, he had been hitless against Smith in eight career at bats. During the game, the Padres lost McReynolds for the season after he broke his wrist trying to break up a double play.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
Sunday, October 7, 1984, at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
Leon Durham hit a two-run homer in the first after a two-out walk and Jody Davis added a homer in the second to give the Cubs a 3–0 lead off of Padres' starter Eric Show. Rick Sutcliffe, who was 17–1 since joining Chicago in a mid-June trade, and had also beaten the Padres twice in the regular season, allowed just two infield hits through five innings. However, two singles and a walk loaded the bases with no outs for San Diego in the sixth before back-to-back sacrifice flies by Graig Nettles and Terry Kennedy cut the Cubs lead to 3–2.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
In the bottom of the seventh, Carmelo Martínez led off the inning with a walk on four pitches from Sutcliffe and was sacrificed to second by Garry Templeton. Martínez scored when pinch hitter Tim Flannery's sharp grounder went under Durham's glove and through his legs for an error. Alan Wiggins singled Flannery to second. Gwynn followed with a hard grounder at Sandberg's feet, which the second baseman expect to stay low, but instead bounced over his head into right center for a double; Flannery and Wiggins scored to give the Padres a 5–3 lead as Gwynn reached third. Garvey followed with an RBI single to stretch the lead to 6–3. Steve Trout then replaced Sutcliffe and got out of the inning without further damage.


1984 National League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
The Cubs got three baserunners over the final two innings against Gossage but could not score, and San Diego took home its first National League pennant. They became the first National League team to win a Championship Series after being down 2–0. Garvey finished the series batting .400 with seven RBIs, and was named the NLCS Most Valuable Player for the second time in his career. The Padres would go on to lose the World Series to the dominant Detroit Tigers in five games. The Cubs's inability to win the series after a 2–0 lead coupled with Durham's error added to the Curse of the Billy Goat lore regarding the Cubs' championship drought.


1984 National League season
The 1984 National League was contested as the second division of Speedway in the United Kingdom.


1984 National League season, Summary
The title was won by the Long Eaton Invaders who finished just one point clear of the Mildenhall Fen Tigers.


1984 National League season, National League Knockout Cup
The 1984 National League Knockout Cup was the 17th edition of the Knockout Cup for tier two teams. Hackney Kestrels were the winners of the competition.


1984 National League season, National League Knockout Cup, Final
Hackney were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 83–72.


1984 National Panasonic Cup
The 1984 National Panasonic Cup was the 11th edition of the NSWRL Midweek Cup, a NSWRL-organised national club Rugby League tournament between the leading clubs and representative teams from the NSWRL, the BRL, the CRL, the QRL and the NZRL.


1984 National Panasonic Cup
A total of 17 teams from across Australia and New Zealand played 16 matches in a straight knock-out format, with the matches being held midweek during the premiership season.


1984 National Panasonic Cup, Final
A televised night game, the final's match commentary was provided by Ray Warren and Bill Anderson.


1984 National Panasonic Cup, Final
Brisbane:1. Colin Scott, 2. Joe Kilroy, 3. Mal Meninga, 4. Gene Miles, 5. John Ribot, 6. Wally Lewis (c), 7. Henry Foster, 8. Bob Lindner, 9. Wally Fullerton Smith, 10. Bryan Neibling, 11. Richie Poulsen,12. Eddie Muller, 13. Greg Dowling. Reserve: 14. Tony Currie. Coach Bob McCarthy.


1984 National Panasonic Cup, Final
Eastern Suburbs:1. Graeme Atkins, 2. Shane McKellar (c), 3. Glenn Leggett, 4. David Greene, 5. John Ferguson, 6. Mike Eden, 7. Scott Gale, 8. Kevin Hastings, 9. Mark Wheeler, 10. Terry Regan, 11. Dane Sorensen, 12. Rowland Beckett, 13. Tom Arber. Reserves: 15. Darren Finlayson, 16. Gavin Miller, 17. Steve Hardy. Coach Laurie Freier.


1984 National Panasonic Open
The 1984 National Panasonic Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts in Brisbane, Australia that was part of the Category 1 tier of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 19 through 25 November 1984. Third-seeded Helena Suková won the singles title.


1984 National Panasonic Open, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver defeated  Bettina Bunge /  Eva Pfaff 6–3, 6–2


1984 National Soccer League
The National Soccer League 1984 season was the eighth season of the National Soccer League in Australia. This season saw a restructure of the league, introducing a split into two geographical divisions, and an expansion from 16 to 24 teams. A Northern Conference comprised 12 clubs from New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory, and a Southern Conference consisted of 12 Victorian, South Australian, and Queensland clubs.


1984 National Soccer League
This season also saw the introduction of the two well-supported Croatian clubs, Melbourne Croatia and Sydney Croatia, both of which had had recent success in the state-leagues.


1984 National Soccer League
For the first time in the competition, a finals system was introduced, whereby the five highest finishing teams in each conference had a playoff to determine a conference winner. The two conference winners then played each other in a two-legged Grand Final to be declared champions. The Grand Final was won by South Melbourne over Sydney Olympic.


1984 National Soccer League (Canada) season
The 1984 National Soccer League season was the sixty first season under the National Soccer League (NSL) name. The season began in late May, 1984 and concluded in September, 1984 with the NSL Championship final where Toronto Italia defeated London Marconi. Toronto Italia would also secure a treble by winning the regular season title, and the NSL Cup.


1984 National Soccer League (Canada) season, Overview
Since the collapse of the short-lived Canadian Professional Soccer League (CPSL) in 1983 the country was without a domestic national league as the Canadian soccer landscape was fractured into several different foreign and regional leagues. The Ontario centered National Soccer League (NSL) attempted to resurrect the CPSL concept with NSL president Joe Vaccari lobbying the Canadian Soccer Association (CSA) and other groups in supporting the idea. The NSL's intention was to form an eastern conference or function as a minor league to the national league. In response to the national league question the CSA presented their own concept and attempted to recruit the NSL and other parities for input. After reviewing the CSA's blueprint for a national model the NSL withdrew their support as it was deemed as an unstable model by the league owners.


1984 National Soccer League (Canada) season, Overview
The NSL was also embroiled in a dispute with the Ontario Soccer Association (OSA) over sanctioning issues involving the NSL's under-21 division. The OSA had intentions of forming their own youth league and refused to sanction the NSL's version. The NSL in response appealed to the CSA for a decision. The membership in the league decreased to six clubs as Toronto First Portuguese were inactive for a season and London Marconi secured London City's franchise rights. The Hamilton Steelers joined the Inter-City Soccer League, and later became a charter member in the Canadian Soccer League in 1987.


1984 National Society of Film Critics Awards
The 19th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 3 January 1985, honored the best filmmaking of 1984.


1984 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1984 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix was the second race of the 1984 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 13–15 April 1984 at the Circuito Internazionale Santa Monica.


1984 Navy Midshipmen football team
The 1984 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy as an independent during the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Anderson, Paul (So.) FBAugustyn, Joe (So.) TEBailey, Dan (So.) OGBanderas, Tom #83 (So.) TEBehning, Mark #73 (Sr.) OTBehrens, Vance (So.) WBBiggers, Kevin #13 (Sr.) MONBlakeman, Clete #16 (Fr.) QBBlankenship, Brian #70 (Jr.) OGBourn, Don #92 (Sr.) TEBourne, David (So.) DEBryan, Dave (So.) OTBunger, Jon #97 (Jr.) DTBurke, Dave #33 (Sr.) CBCarl, Mike (So.) CBCarpenter, Todd (So.) OTCarr, Chris #37 (So.) SCartwright, Charlie #31 (So.) MONCasterline, Dan #24 (Jr.) MONChealey, Gene (So.) CBClark, Bret #10 (Sr.) SClayton, McCathorn (So.) QBCooper, Mark #54 (So.) CDaffer, Chad #46 (Jr.) LBDaum, Mark #51 (Sr.)


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
LBDemmel, Tom (So.) PKDiaz, Mark (So.) MONDietz, Dave #98 (Jr.) TEDittmer, Jim #59 (Jr.) OTDouglas, Don (So.) QBDuBose, Doug #22 (So.) IBFisher, Todd #6 (Jr.) MONForch, Steve #38 (So.) LBFrain, Todd #80 (Jr.) TEGalois, Ron (So.) OGGamble, Jason #86 (Fr.) SEGangwish, Paul (Sr.) DEGatson, Pernell (So.) WBGraeber, Ken #52 (Sr.) MGGreen, Derrick (So.) OTGreene, Ricky #5 (Sr.) CBGrimminger, Harry #58 (Sr.) OGHaecker, Kelly (So.) CBHall, Mike (So.) TEHarris, Neil #11 (Sr.) CBHawkins, Hendley (So.) QBHedlund, Mike (So.) FBHeibel, Micah (So.) FBHiemer, Brian #94 (Sr.) TEHill, Scott (So.) DBHoefler, Mike #59 (So.) OGHolloway, Tony #43 (So.) DE


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Holscher, Jim (So.) WBHoskins, Thurman #32 (So.) IBJamrog, Jeff (So.) DEJohnson, Brad #64 (So.) OTJones, Keith #6 (Fr.) IBJones, Lee #98 (So.) DTKaelin, Ken #49 (So.) FBKelley, Jon (Fr.) IBKimball, Scott #88 (Sr.) SEKing, Scott (So.) CBKingston, Bob #37 (Jr.) IBKlein, Dale (So.) PKKnox, Mike #44 (Sr.) LBKreikemeier, Keith (Jr.) OGLeCompte, Butch (So.) OTLewis, Bill #68 (Jr.) CLightner, Keven #66 (Fr.) OGLindstrom, Roger #23 (Jr.) WBLivingston, Scott #48 (Sr.) PKMacias, Bill #78 (So.) OTMaggard, Rob #72 (So.) OTMattingly, Tom (So.) SMcCashland, Mike #2 (Sr.) MONMcCormick, John #61 (So.)


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
OGMcCoy, Dan #40 (Jr.) LBMiles, Paul #21 (Jr.) IBMlinar, Jerry (So.) QBMoore, Brian (Jr.) TEMoritz, Mike (So.) CMorrow, Tom #77 (Jr.) OTMullins, Marty (So.) SEMunford, Marc #41 (So.) LBNelson, Ray (So.) WBNichols, John #55 (So.) CNoel, Jack #56 (Jr.) CNoonan, Danny #97 (So.) DTOlson, Todd #63 (So.) OGOpie, Harlan (So.) DEOrton, Greg #67 (Sr.) OGOtte, Mike (So.) SEPaige, Woody #9 (Jr.) CBPalmer, Tony (So.) DTParker, Paul (So.) CBParker, Stan #74 (So.) OGParsons, Kevin #35 (So.) LBPokorny, Brian #18 (Jr.) CBPorter, Scott #36 (Sr.) FBProffitt, Todd #34 (Jr.) LBRathman, Tom #26 (Jr.) FBReeves, Gregg #84 (Jr.) DEReinhardt, John #62 (Sr.) MGReynolds, Rod #93 (Jr.) DT


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
Rogers, Phil (Jr.) MGRoth, Tim #65 (Jr.) OTRother, Tim (So.) OTRozier, Guy #4 (Jr.) MONSchaaf, Jim (So.) OGSchneider, Dave #1 (Jr.) PKSchneider, Gary #3 (Jr.) CBSchnitzler, Craig #13 (So.) PKSchnitzler, Robb #85 (So.) SESchoettger, Scott (Sr.) SESellentin, Jeff (So.) OGShaw, Pat (So.) LBShead, Ken #99 (Jr.) MGSheppard, Von #7 (So.) WBSiebler, Bryan #19 (So.) SSkow, Jim #96 (Jr.) DTSmith, Brad #81 (Jr.) DESmith, Jeff #28 (Sr.) IBSmith, Rod (So.) SESpachman, Chris #76 (So.) DTStorer, Lance (So.) OGStrasburger, Matt (So.) SStrasburger, Scott #90 (Sr.) DEStuckey, Rob #75 (Sr.) DTSundberg, Craig #15 (Sr.) QBSwanson, Shane #17 (Sr.)


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Roster
WBTaylor, Jeff #12 (So.) QBTenopir, Todd (So.) PKThayer, Dan (So.) SThomas, Anthony #53 (Sr.) OGThomas, Stephen (So.) MGThompson, Jim #39 (Sr.) WBTomjack, Jeff (So.) MONTraynowicz, Mark #57 (Sr.) CTucker, Scott #89 (Jr.) DETurner, Travis #14 (Jr.) QBTyrer, Brad (So.) DEVinger, Eric (So.) PKWade, Stanley #55 (Jr.) LBWashington, Brian #43 (Fr.) MONWatkins, Dennis #27 (Jr.) CBWeber, Bill #87 (Sr.) DEWeber, Scott (Jr.) DTWelniak, Doug (So.) LBWelter, Tom #69 (So.) OTWhyrick, Doug (So.) CWingard, Dan #47 (Jr.) PKYates, Rod #91 (Sr.) SEYost, Scott (So.) SEZierke, Mike #78 (Sr.) DT


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Wyoming
Nebraska was forced to put extra effort in for the win after losing three of four first-half fumbles and giving up an interception, as Wyoming won the turnover battle 4–1.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota
'Fumble-itis' continued to plague Nebraska, after the ball was put on the ground eight times, half of them lost to Minnesota. Still, the newly minted #1 Cornhuskers easily put away the turnover-free Golden Gophers with the help of 405 yards on the ground.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, UCLA
Nebraska dominated UCLA in the new Rose Bowl home of the Bruins, handing them their worst loss in 14 years. The Cornhuskers recorded eight sacks while running up 42 points, while the offensive output of the Bruins netted only a 3rd quarter field goal.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse
Unranked Syracuse, coming off a 0–19 shutout loss against Rutgers at home the week prior, severely embarrassed the #1 Cornhuskers, who may have been guilty of overlooking the team they had defeated 63-7 the year before. Nebraska's regular season winning streak was ended at 23. Coach Osborne stated it simply; "They were more physical today".


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma State
It was another season of disappointment for Oklahoma State's record against Nebraska. The Cowboys came to Lincoln with a better record than the Cornhuskers for the first time ever, with high hopes after Nebraska fell to Syracuse the week before, and OSU indeed led the game for three quarters. A 4th quarter, 49 yard punt return by Shane Swanson swung the momentum to Nebraska, and Oklahoma State's 22-year-long drought against Nebraska was extended yet another year.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri
Missouri fought a hard battle and barely won the time of possession battle, at one point drawing within 6 points, but a 57-yard interception return for a touchdown opened the game up a bit as Nebraska gained enough room to finish the game ahead by 10.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado
The Blackshirts carried Nebraska for three quarters as the offense sputtered and failed to produce a useful lead. Finally, in the 4th quarter, the Cornhuskers overcame their struggles and ran off 21 points for the win.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State
Nebraska recorded its 25th straight conference win as Kansas State rolled over and fell behind by 48–7 at the half. The lead allowed the Cornhuskers to rotate several players into the game, which resulted in no single player exceeding 100 rushing yards rushing for the first time in 20 games.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State
Nebraska held Iowa State's star receiver to two catches for 11 yards, and the Cyclones offense to just five first downs, as the Blackshirts posted their first shutout in two years. By the 4th quarter, Iowa State's own defense lost their effectiveness and could no longer keep up, as the Cornhuskers rolled up 28 more points to pull away.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas
The Cornhuskers held Kansas to just 12 first downs and 24 yards on the ground, clinching at least a share of the 1984 Big 8 Title.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma
Four painful turnovers were enough to overcome the statistical success Nebraska achieved, as Oklahoma ended Nebraska's 27 game conference win streak and 21 game win streak in Lincoln. The run-oriented Cornhuskers out-passed the Sooners 236–58, but two key stops by the Sooners in the 2nd half put down Nebraska's hopes for a shot the National Championship.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, LSU
Nebraska overcame a 10-point deficit to come within 3 by halftime, and after that it was all Nebraska as the Cornhuskers won the turnover game's battle 6-3 and ran off 21 more points while shutting down all further attempts by LSU to score.


1984 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, NFL and pro players
The following Nebraska players who participated in the 1984 season later moved on to the next level and joined a professional or semi-pro team as draftees or free agents.


1984 Nehru Cup
The 1984 Nehru Cup was the third edition of the Nehru Cup. It was held between 11 and 27 January 1984 in Calcutta.


1984 Nehru Cup, Format
A total of 6 teams participated in the tournament through being invited by the All India Football Federation. The tournament would be played in a round-robin style with the top two in the final standings then meeting in a final match to crown the champions.


1984 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (women's handball)
The 1984 Nemzeti Bajnokság I is the 34th season of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, Hungary's premier Handball league.


1984 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (women's handball), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1984 Network Liberty Alliance
1984 Network Liberty Alliance is a loose group of software programmers, artists, social activists and militants, interested in computers and networks and considering them tools to empower and link the various actors of the social movement around the world. They are part of the hacktivism movement.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
The group was formed in November 1984, during a "debriefing" workshop of the European Peace Marches on the Hartmannswillerkopf in Alsace, France, following the struggle against the installation of Pershing II and SS-20 nuclear missiles in Germany (Mutlangen). From 1978 to 1985, this European-wide peace movement had mobilized millions of citizens, protesting the arms race, the growth of military spending and joining in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
In reference to George Orwell's novel 1984 and to the Rebel Alliance of the movie Star Wars, the group chose the (ironic) name 1984 Network Liberty Alliance. Founders are André Gorz, French philosopher, Dov Lerner, MIT computer graduate and disciple of Saul Alinsky, as well as Gregoire Seither, free radio activist, Frauke Hahn who had led the woman's resistance ('Commons Women') at Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, David Szwarc from the Israeli Peace movement and Adama Drasiweni, computer graduate from the University of London, future founder of N'DA, Africa's first independent telecom company.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
Other members, like Australian co-founder of Indymedia Matthew Arnison, south-African anti-apartheid militant Peter Makema and Israeli peace activists Uri Avnery and Michel Warchawsky, joined later on. All were active in various social movements and peace initiatives in Europe and the USA.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
When Richard Stallman published the GNU Manifesto in March 1985 and called for participation and support, Dov Lerner and Gregor Seither started organizing regular meetings and workshops in order to train activists in the use of information technology and gather support for the Free Software movement. Adama Drasiweni, owner of a computer business in London, set up similar workshops in Kibera, a giant slum outside of Nairobi, Kenya.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
In France, the Alliance used the network of the Maisons de l'Informatique that had been set up under the presidency of François Mitterrand as well as the computer labs of Paris University, who access to academic networks and Billboard Systems. The group ran a number of BBS, among them 'Pom-Pom', devoted to the Apple Macintosh and 'PeaceNet', an "electronic pow-wow" to help social activists and community organizers exchange information around the world, offering free mail accounts and file hosting services.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
Very soon the issues of free speech, software patents, civil rights and surveillance became some of the major topics addressed by the Alliance, the group being accused of hacking and fork software. One of the BBS run by the group , was accused by the German government of being a meeting point for radical environmental activists as well as anarchists.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
The Liberty Alliance was particularly active in the popular worldwide resistance to Multilateral Agreement on Investments (MAI) in the mid-1990s, networking multiple groups and providing "open cyberspaces" for activists to share information and experience.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
In the summer of 1998 the first alternative media centre was set up in a bus in Birmingham, United Kingdom during the Global Street Party, an international day of protest and festive actions coinciding with the 24th G8 Summit. The alternative media centres also provided interpretation and language services to international militant meetings, like during the July 1999 Global Carnival against Capitalism, or J18 London, a giant rally and party in the heart of the London City, meant as a counter-summit to the 25th G8 Summit in Köln, Germany.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
Members of the team travelled to the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 in Seattle to set up an alternative media centre during the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity. The project joined with that of other media activists and, out of the necessity to bypass the corporate media and report on a WTO conference but also to show how one could bypass corporate software (Windows), the independent media agency Indymedia was born.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
Language diversity and the lack of interpreters led a number of activists to start thinking about a way to help militants from around the world to bridge the language barrier. Three years later, during the 27th G8 summit in Genoa, Italy, this would lead to the creation of the Babels network of volunteer interpreters and translators for linguistic diversity and social change.


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
Members of the Network Liberty Alliance have worked on social IT projects in North America (San Francisco Free Software movement, Chicago community cybercenter), Central America (Nicaragua, Guatemala, Panama), the Middle-East (Egypt, Israeli Civil Administration area) as well as in the Asia Pacific region (Indonesia, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Australia, Papua Niugini) and Africa (Malawi, Mali, Cameroon).


1984 Network Liberty Alliance, History
When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, another member of the Alliance, Stefan Ostrowsky, transferred "NET(te) Bude" (a play on the word NET like network, and 'Nette Bude', nice crashpad in German), a community IT training centre to East-Berlin, thus becoming the first 'Cybercafe' behind the iron curtain.


1984 Nevada Wolf Pack football team
The 1984 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada, Reno during the 1984 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Big Sky Conference (BSC). The Wolf Pack were led by ninth-year head coach Chris Ault and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.


1984 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season
The Wolf Pack finished the 1983 season 10–4 and 6–1 in BSC play to finish in first place and lost the Div. I-AA Semifinals against the eventual national champion Southern Illinois by 7 to 23.


1984 New Caledonian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in New Caledonia on 18 November 1984. They had originally been planned for July, but were postponed due to threats by the Independence Front to boycott and disrupt the vote. Most members of the Front subsequently merged into the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front in September, and proceeded to boycott the elections. As a result, the Rally for Caledonia in the Republic won 34 of the 42 seats. Following the elections, Dick Ukeiwé became President of the Government.


1984 New Caledonian legislative election, Conduct
The elections were marred by violence; several houses, town halls and shops were set on fire, with FLNKS members clashing with security forces. FLNKS also took a French administrator hostage on Lifou Island and occupied a police station in north-east of the territory. On election day 200 Kanaks entered a polling station in Canala and destroyed ballot papers.


1984 New Caledonian legislative election, Results
Overall voter turnout was just over 50%, but estimated to be only 15% amongst the Kanak community.


1984 New Caledonian legislative election, Aftermath
Violence continued after the elections; FLNKS members occupied the police station in Thio on 20 November and held five policemen hostage. Rebels set up a 'Govermment of Kanaky' in early December, headed by Jean-Marie Tjibaou. European settlers in Hienghène killed ten FLNKS militants on 5 December, including two brothers of Tjibaou.


1984 New Caledonian legislative election, Aftermath
Dick Ukeiwé became President of the Government, heading a ten-member cabinet.


1984 New England Patriots season
The New England Patriots season was the franchise's 15th season in the National Football League and 25th overall. The Patriots finished the season with a record of nine wins and seven losses, and finished second in the AFC East Division.


1984 New England Patriots season
Head coach Ron Meyer, who had coached the Patriots for the previous two seasons, was fired halfway through the season. Meyer had angered several of his players with public criticism. After a 44–22 loss to Miami in Week 8, Meyer fired popular defensive coordinator Rod Rust; Meyer himself was fired by Patriots management shortly thereafter.


1984 New England Patriots season
The Patriots went outside the organization to hire Raymond Berry, who had been New England's receivers coach from 1978 to 1981 under coaches Chuck Fairbanks and Ron Erhardt. Berry had been working in the private sector in Medfield, Massachusetts, when the Patriots called him to replace Meyer. Berry's first order of business was to immediately rehire Rust.


1984 New England Patriots season
Under Berry's leadership, the Patriots won four of their last eight games. Berry's importance to the team was reflected less in his initial win-loss record than in the respect he immediately earned in the locker room – "Raymond Berry earned more respect in one day than Ron Meyer earned in three years," according to running back Tony Collins.


1984 New England Patriots season, Regular season, Notable Games, Week 1
Behind two Steve Grogan touchdown throws, the Patriots raced to a 21–0 lead. They withstood a second-half Bills comeback attempt, and won 21–17.


1984 New England Patriots season, Regular season, Notable Games, Week 2
Grogan had a miserable day as he was intercepted four times; William Judson ran back one for a 60-yard touchdown. The Dolphins, led by two Dan Marino touchdown passes, won 28–7.


1984 New England Patriots season, Regular season, Notable Games, Week 3
The first home game of the season ended Grogan's season as he failed to complete any of his four passes and Kenny Easley ran back his interception for a 25-yard touchdown. The Seahawks scored three touchdowns marred by a missed PAT. Tony Eason replaced Grogan with six minutes left in the first half and in the final minute ran in a 25-yard touchdown. From there three Patriots backs rushed for 189 yards and three touchdowns and Eason tossed scores to Derrick Ramsey and Irving Fryar while Dave Krieg of the Seahawks was bullied into two interceptions. The Patriots came back to win 38–23. The 23-point comeback was the largest in Patriots franchise history, a team record held until 2013.


1984 New Hampshire Wildcats football team
The 1984 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1984 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In its 13th year under head coach Bill Bowes, the team compiled a 9–2 record (3–2 against conference opponents) and finished third out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.


1984 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1984 New Hampshire gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1984. Incumbent Governor John Sununu was re-elected to a second term in office.


1984 New Mexico Lobos football team
The 1984 New Mexico Lobos football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Mexico in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second season under head coach Joe Lee Dunn, the Lobos compiled a 4–8 record (1–7 against WAC opponents) and were outscored by a total of 359 to 251.


1984 New Mexico Lobos football team
The team's statistical leaders included Buddy Funck with 922 passing yards, Willie Turral with 1,064 rushing yards and 60 points scored, and Kenneth Whitehead with 713 receiving yards.


1984 New Mexico State Aggies football team
The 1984 New Mexico State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico State University in the Pacific Coast Athletic Association during the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second year under head coach Fred Zechman, the Aggies compiled a 2–9 record. The team played its home games at Aggie Memorial Stadium in Las Cruces, New Mexico.


1984 New Orleans Saints season
The 1984 New Orleans Saints season was the team's 18th as a member of the National Football League. They were unable to improve on their previous season's output of 8–8, winning only seven games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the eighteenth consecutive season. The Saints started out winning three of their first five games. However, the Saints would struggle as newly acquired quarterback Richard Todd threw 19 interceptions to just 11 touchdowns as the Saints again finished the season with a losing record at 7-9.


1984 New Orleans Saints season
Todd was acquired from the New York Jets for a first-round draft choice, and he beat out the aging Ken Stabler for the starting job at training camp, the Saints' last at Vero Beach, Florida. Stabler, who was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2016, retired midway through the season.


1984 New Orleans Saints season
Late in the season, owner John Mecom Jr., who purchased the Saints as an expansion franchise for $8.5 million in late 1966, announced he would sell the team, with an asking price of $70 million. Fears abounded across Louisiana the team would be moved to Jacksonville if Mecom could not find a local buyer. Eventually, the team was sold in early 1985 to New Orleans native and car magnate Tom Benson, with Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards brokering the deal.


1984 New South Wales state election
Elections were held in the state of New South Wales, Australia, on Saturday 24 March 1984. The Labor government led by Neville Wran won a fourth term in office, though with a reduced (if still sizeable) majority and a 7% swing against it.


1984 New South Wales state election
As the two previous elections each saw the sitting Opposition Leader lose the election and failing to be elected to Parliament, the 1984 election saw Nick Greiner becoming the first Opposition Leader to lose an election and retain his seat since Pat Hills in  1974.


1984 New South Wales state election
Independents Ted Mack and John Hatton retained their seats of North Shore and South Coast respectively. They were joined on the cross benches by a third independent and Bruce Duncan.


1984 New South Wales state election
Duncan, a former National Country Party member, withdrew from the party in protest at their change to the National Party name. He ran on an "Independent Country Party" ticket and won his seat of Lismore.


1984 New South Wales state election
At a 1981 referendum, voters had approved an increase in the maximum parliamentary term from three years to four.


1984 New South Wales state election, Results, Legislative Assembly
New South Wales state election, 24 March 1984Legislative Assembly << 1981–1988 >>


1984 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1984 were appointments by most of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, and honorary ones to citizens of other countries. They were announced on 31 December 1983 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1984 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the Cook Islands, Fiji, the Bahamas, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Antigua and Barbuda.


1984 New Year Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1984 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)
At this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were "Member (fourth class)" and "Member (fifth class)", both with post-nominal letters MVO. "Member (fourth class)" was renamed "Lieutenant" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.


1984 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1984 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1983 and the beginning of 1984, and were announced on 31 December 1983.


1984 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1984 New York City Marathon
The 1984 New York City Marathon was the 15th edition of the New York City Marathon and took place in New York City on 28 October.


1984 New York City Subway shooting
On December 22, 1984, four young men, alleged to have tried to rob Bernhard Goetz on a New York City Subway train in Manhattan, were shot and wounded by him. They were Barry Allen, Troy Canty, Darrell Cabey, and James Ramseur.


1984 New York City Subway shooting
Goetz surrendered to police nine days later and was charged with attempted murder, assault, reckless endangerment, and several firearms offenses. Initially Goetz was viewed by most as a victim and by some as a vigilante, and he received widespread public recognition and support. A grand jury refused to indict Goetz on the more serious charges, voting indictments only for criminal gun possession. However, public opinion about Goetz wavered due to statements and alleged damaging details of the incident that later were released by the prosecution. Goetz was then re-indicted by a second grand jury on more serious charges.


1984 New York City Subway shooting
At a later jury trial he was found guilty of one count of carrying an unlicensed firearm, for which he served eight months of a one-year sentence. In 1996, Cabey, who had been left paraplegic and brain damaged as a result of his injuries, obtained a civil judgment of $43 million against Goetz. Ramseur died in 2011.


1984 New York City Subway shooting
The incident sparked a nationwide debate on crime in major US cities, the legal limits of self-defense based on Cabey being shot once or twice, and the extent to which the citizenry could rely on the police to secure their safety. Goetz, dubbed the "Subway Vigilante" by the New York press, came to symbolize New Yorkers' frustrations with the high crime rates of the 1980s. He was both praised and vilified in the media and public opinion. The incident has been cited as a contributing factor to the groundswell movement against urban crime and disorder, and successful National Rifle Association campaigns to loosen restrictions for concealed carrying of firearms.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Context and background
Bernhard Goetz stated that three years before the incident, he had been attacked in the Canal Street subway station, while transporting electronic equipment, by three black youths who attempted to rob him. The attackers smashed Goetz into a plate-glass door and threw him to the ground, injuring his chest and knee. Goetz assisted an off-duty officer in arresting one of them; the other two attackers escaped.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Context and background
Goetz was angered when the arrested attacker spent less than half the time in the police station spent by Goetz himself, and he was angered further when this attacker was charged only with criminal mischief for ripping Goetz's jacket. Goetz subsequently applied for a permit to carry a concealed handgun, on the basis of routinely carrying valuable equipment and large sums of cash, but his application was denied for insufficient need. He bought a 5-shot .38-caliber revolver during a trip to Florida.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident
In the early afternoon of Saturday, December 22, 1984, four young men from the Bronx—Barry Allen, Troy Canty, and Darrell Cabey, all 19; and James Ramseur, 18—boarded a downtown 2 train (a Broadway–Seventh Avenue express). The teens, each of whom had previously been arrested and convicted at least once, stated they were on their way to rob a video arcade in Manhattan. When the train arrived at the 14th Street station in Manhattan, fifteen to twenty other passengers remained with them in an R22 subway car, the seventh car of the ten-car train.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident
At the 14th Street station, Goetz entered the car through the rearmost door, crossed the aisle and took a seat on the long bench across from the door. Canty was across the aisle from him, lying on the long bench just to the right of the door. Allen was seated to Canty's left, on the short seat on the other side of the door. Ramseur and Cabey were seated across from the door and to Goetz's right, on the short seat by the conductor's cab.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident
According to Goetz's statement to the police, approximately ten seconds later, Canty asked him, "How are you doing?" Goetz responded, "Fine." According to Goetz, the four youths allegedly gave signals to each other, and shortly thereafter Canty and Allen rose from their seats and moved over to the left of Goetz, blocking him off from the other passengers in the car. Canty then said, "Give me five dollars." Goetz subsequently pulled a handgun and fired multiple shots at the four youths, wounding all. Canty and Ramseur testified at the criminal trial that they were begging, and had only requested the money, not demanded it. Cabey did not testify and Allen took the Fifth Amendment.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting
Sources differ in reporting the sequence of shots fired, timing of shots, and whether Cabey was shot once or twice. The following are four versions from significant or reliable sources describing the sequence of shots:


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fourth shot
At the Bronx civil trial, Goetz testified the first shot was Canty, Allen second, the third shot missed, Cabey fourth, and Ramseur fifth. The following similar shooting sequence is verbatim from Goetz's website:


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fourth shot
"I decided to shoot as many as I could as quickly as I could. I did a fast draw, and shot with one hand (my right), pulling the trigger prior to the gun being aligned on the targets. All actual shots plus my draw time occurred easily within 1.6 seconds or less. This is not as difficult to do as some might think, and occasionally I give a description of the technique along with a re-enactment. The first shot hit Canty in the center of the chest.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fourth shot
After the first shot my vision changed and I lost my sense of hearing. The second shot hit lightning fast Barry Allen in the upper rear shoulder as he was ducking (later the bullet was removed from his arm). The third shot hit the subway wall just in front of Cabey; the fourth shot hit Cabey in the left side (severing his spinal cord and rendering him paraplegic). The fifth shot hit Ramseur's arm on the way into his left side.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fourth shot
I immediately looked at the first two to make sure they were "taken care of," and then attempted to shoot Cabey again in the stomach, but the gun was empty. I thought Cabey was shot twice after reading a media account no shots missed; I had lost count of the shots and while under adrenaline I didn't even hear the shots or feel the kick of the gun. '


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fourth shot
You don't look too bad, here's another', is a phrase I came up with later when trying to explain the shooting while I was under the impression that Cabey was shot twice. Cabey, who was briefly standing prior to the shooting, was sitting on the subway bench during all attempted shots. The others were standing. Shortly after the shooting my vision and hearing returned to normal."


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fourth shot
Goetz does a dry fire shooting demonstration (five shots in 1.0 seconds at 4 hypothetical targets on both sides of him) on the Biography Channel show Aftermath with William Shatner.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fourth and fifth shots
Prior to the criminal trial, the media reported that Cabey had been shot on the fourth shot and then again on the fifth shot, with Goetz saying, "You don't look too bad, here's another," or, "You seem all right, here's another." This sequence of shots was discredited at the criminal trial when it was revealed that Cabey was shot once in the left side; however, some media still reported the false information long after the criminal trial.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fifth shot
"Speed is everything," Goetz said in a videotaped statement made after he surrendered nine days later. He told police that while still seated, he planned a "pattern of fire" from left to right. He then stood, stepped clear of Canty, drew his revolver, turned back to Canty, and fired four shots, one at each man, then fired a fifth shot. At the civil trial years later he said, "I was trying to get as many of them as I could as quickly as I could." Other sources repeated Goetz's statements to New York City police as to the sequence of shots: Canty was shot first, then Allen, then Ramseur, then Cabey. In the related proceeding People v. Goetz, the New York Court of Appeals summarized the incident:


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fifth shot
It appears from the evidence before the Grand Jury that Canty approached Goetz, possibly with Allen beside him, and stated "Give me five dollars." Neither Canty nor any of the other youths displayed a weapon. Goetz responded by standing up, pulling out his handgun, and firing four shots in rapid succession.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fifth shot
The first shot hit Canty in the chest; the second struck Allen in the back; the third went through Ramseur's arm and into his left side; the fourth was fired at Cabey, who apparently was then standing in the corner of the car, but missed, deflecting instead off a wall of the conductor's cab. After Goetz briefly surveyed the train scene around him, he fired another shot at Cabey, who then was sitting on the end bench of the car. The bullet entered the rear of Cabey's side and severed his spinal cord.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Cabey shot on the fifth shot
According to his statements to police, Goetz checked the first two men to make sure that they had been "taken care of," then upon seeing that the fourth man, Cabey, was now sitting down and seemed unhurt, said, "You seem to be all right, here's another," and fired at him again. Cabey was hit only once, a fact not made known to Goetz or his attorneys until shortly before the trial. One bullet missed, fragmenting on the steel cab wall behind Cabey — this missed shot would also be the basis of a charge of reckless endangerment of other passengers.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Time magazine's theory (April 8, 1985)
Goetz said one of the "boys" made gestures that may have implied he had a weapon. Goetz rose and partly unzipped his jacket where the revolver was concealed, and plotted his "pattern of fire" for shooting them. He asked Canty what he had said, and he repeated his statement. At this, Goetz unzipped his jacket the rest of the way, drew the gun, assumed a combat stance gripping the revolver with both hands, and shot Canty through the center of his body.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Versions of shooting, Time magazine's theory (April 8, 1985)
He then turned to shoot Allen who had tried to flee, hitting him in the back, and then shot Ramseur, wounding him in the chest and arm. He then shot again, at Cabey, but may have missed. According to Goetz he then approached Cabey and shot him on the ground; however, another witness disputed that Goetz shot Cabey a second time.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Cabey and the "here's another" issue
Cabey ended up slumped in the short seat in the corner of the car next to the conductor's cab. Whether Cabey was struck by the fourth shot or by the fifth was critical to Goetz's claim of self-defense; this issue was fiercely contested at trial. Medical testimony said that such an injury would render the lower half of Cabey's body instantly useless. According to the prosecution, the fourth shot missed; then Goetz shot a seated Cabey at point-blank range with the fifth. The defense theory of how Cabey ended up in the seat was that he was standing when hit by the fourth shot, then collapsed into the seat due to the lurching and swaying of the train, with the fifth shot being the shot that missed.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Cabey and the "here's another" issue
A summary of Goetz's statements to the police had become public two months after the incident, drawing intense media coverage. Probably most damaging to Goetz's public support and to his claim of acting in self-defense was his statement that he had said, "You don't look so bad, here's another," before firing at Cabey a second time. Media concentration on the summary's more damning portions created a public mindset that a wounded Cabey was shot a second time, with the second shot taken in a premeditated and deliberate way—an impression that stood uncorrected until the criminal trial two years later. The notion that Cabey was shot twice would still occasionally appear in mainstream sources over a decade later, as it did in a 1996 New York Times editorial.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Cabey and the "here's another" issue
At trial, one witness testified that Goetz approached to within "two to three feet" of a seated Cabey, then demonstrated how Goetz stood directly in front of Cabey and fired downward, a description that matched Goetz's published statements. Eight other independent witnesses testified that all shots came in "rapid succession"; one of these said the firing lasted "about a second". None of the eight heard a pause before the final shot, and none saw Goetz standing in front of Cabey.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Cabey and the "here's another" issue
Whether Goetz actually said aloud the words "You don't look so bad, here's another" or only thought them is still a matter of dispute. He has subsequently denied on several occasions making the statement. One source said, "In all probability, the defendant uttered these words only to himself and probably not even mouthing the words, but just saying them in his own mind as he squeezed the trigger that fifth time."


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Flight and surrender
The terrified passengers ran to the other end and out of the car, leaving behind the two women who had been closest to the shooting, fallen or knocked down by the exodus, and immobilized by fear. Goetz talked to them to make sure they were not injured, then was approached by the conductor of the train. Goetz told him, "They tried to rob me and I shot them." The conductor asked whether Goetz was a police officer, receiving the reply, "No."


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Flight and surrender
Some time after a brief conversation in which he refused to hand over his revolver, Goetz jumped to the tracks and ran south through the tunnel to the Chambers Street station, where he exited the system. He went home to gather some belongings, then rented a car and drove north to Bennington, Vermont, where he burned his blue jacket and dismantled the revolver, scattering the pieces in the woods north of town. He drove around New England for several days, registering at motels under various names and paying in cash.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Flight and surrender
On December 26, an anonymous hotline caller told New York City police that Goetz matched the gunman's description, owned a gun, and had been mugged previously. On December 29, Goetz called his neighbor, Myra Friedman, who told him that police had come by his apartment looking for him, and had left notes asking to be contacted as soon as possible. He gave his side of the story to Friedman, and described his psychological state at the time:


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Flight and surrender
Myra, in a situation like this, your mind, you're in a combat situation. Your mind is functioning. You're not thinking in a normal way. Your memory isn't even working normally. You are so hyped up. Your vision actually changes. Your field of view changes. Your capabilities change. What you are capable of changes. You are under adrenaline, a drug called adrenaline. And you respond very quickly, and you think very quickly. That's all. ... You think! You think, you analyze, and you act. And in any situation, you just have to think more quickly than your opposition. That's all. You know. Speed is very important.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Flight and surrender
Goetz returned to New York City on December 30, turned in the car, picked up some clothing and business papers at his apartment, rented another car and drove back to New England. Shortly after noon the next day, he walked into the Concord, New Hampshire, police headquarters and told the officer on duty, "I am the person they are seeking in New York."


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Statements to police
Once the officer realized that Goetz was a genuine suspect, Goetz was given a Miranda warning and he waived his right to have an attorney present. After an interview that lasted over an hour, a Concord detective asked Goetz to consent to making an audiotaped statement. Goetz agreed, and a two-hour statement was recorded. That evening, New York City detectives and an assistant district attorney arrived in Concord, and Goetz submitted to a two-hour videotaped interview. Both interviews were eventually played back for the grand juries, the criminal trial, and a civil trial years later. When the audiotape was first played in open court, Goetz was described by The New York Times as "confused and emotional, alternately horrified by and defensive about his actions, and obsessed with justifying them."


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Statements to police
In his statements, Goetz described his past mugging, in which he was injured and the only assailant arrested went unpunished. He called New York City "lawless" and expressed contempt for its justice system, calling it a "joke," a "sham," and "a disgrace". Goetz said that when the four youths he shot surrounded him on the train, he feared being "beaten to a pulp" as well as being robbed. He denied any premeditation for the shooting, something that had been speculated on by the press.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Statements to police
Asked what his intentions were when he drew his revolver, Goetz replied, "My intention was to murder them, to hurt them, to make them suffer as much as possible." Later in the tape, Goetz said, "If I had more bullets, I would have shot 'em all again and again. My problem was I ran out of bullets." He added, "I was gonna, I was gonna gouge one of the guys' [Canty's] eyes out with my keys afterwards", but said he stopped when he saw the fear in his eyes. At the criminal trial, Goetz's defense attorneys, Barry Slotnick and Mark M. Baker, argued that this and other extreme statements by Goetz were the product of emotion and an overactive imagination.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Statements to police
Goetz was brought back to Manhattan on January 3, 1985 and arraigned on four charges of attempted murder, with bail set at $50,000. He was held in protective custody at the Rikers Island prison hospital. Refusing offers of bail assistance from the public and from his family, he posted bail with his own funds and was released on bond January 8.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Early reports
Because of the loudness of the shots inside the confined space of the subway car, there were initial witness reports that suggested the gun involved was a .357 Magnum revolver. Goetz alluded to these reports in a December 2004 interview on the Opie and Anthony radio show, saying that the first shot he fired that afternoon had been unusually loud in part because it was the first shot fired by the small-frame .38 caliber revolver after the factory tests, which "cleaned the barrel."


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Incident, Early reports
After the incident, reports spread that Goetz had been threatened with sharpened screwdrivers. This rumor was published as fact by some newspapers including The New York Times; however, neither Goetz nor the men made any such claim. During his subsequent statement to the police, Goetz expressed a belief that none of the young men had been armed. Paramedics and police did find a total of three screwdrivers on two of the men; when Canty testified at Goetz's criminal trial, he said they were to be used to break into video arcade change boxes and not as weapons.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Shooter
Bernhard Hugo Goetz was born in the Kew Gardens neighborhood of New York City's Queens borough on November 7, 1947, the son of Gertrude (née Karlsberg) and Bernhard Willard Goetz, Sr. His parents were German immigrants who met in the U.S. His father was Lutheran; his mother, who was Jewish, converted to Lutheranism. While growing up, Goetz lived with his parents and three older siblings in Upstate New York, where his father ran a dairy farm and a bookbinding business. At the age of 12, he was sent to Switzerland, where he and his sister attended boarding schools.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Shooter
Goetz returned to the United States in 1965 for college, and earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and nuclear engineering from New York University. By this time, the family had relocated to Orlando, Florida; Goetz joined them and worked at his father's residential development business. He was briefly married. After his divorce, he moved back to New York City, where he started an electronics business out of his Greenwich Village apartment.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction
"The Subway Vigilante", as Goetz was labeled by New York City media, was front-page news for months, partly due to the repressed passions the incident unleashed in New York and other cities. Public opinion tended to fall into one of three camps: those in the first camp tended to believe Goetz's version of the incident, that he was aggressively accosted and surrounded by the four teenagers and feared he was about to be beaten and robbed. Those in the second camp tended to believe the version told by the four teenagers, that they were merely panhandling to get some money to play video games. A third camp believed that Goetz had indeed been threatened, but viewed the shooting as an unjustified overreaction.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction, Supporters
Supporters viewed Goetz as a hero for standing up to his attackers and defending himself in an environment where the police were increasingly viewed as ineffective in combating crime. The Guardian Angels, a volunteer patrol group of mostly black and Hispanic teenagers, collected thousands of dollars from subway riders toward a legal defense fund for Goetz. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a right leaning civil rights organization, supported Goetz. CORE‘s director, Roy Innis, (who would later be elected to the executive board of the NRA) offered to raise defense money. Innis, who lost two of his sons to inner-city gun violence said Goetz was "the avenger for all of us," and calling for a volunteer force of armed civilians to patrol the streets.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction, Supporters
The prior criminal convictions of three of the four men (and the published accounts of such) prevented them from gaining much sympathy from many people. A special hotline set up by police to seek information was swamped by calls supporting the shooter and calling him a hero.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction, Supporters
Harvard Professor of Government James Q. Wilson explained the broad sentiment by saying, "It may simply indicate that there are no more liberals on the crime and law-and-order issue in New York City, because they've all been mugged."


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction, Other viewpoints
Some believed the version of the incident as initially told by the four men – that they were merely panhandling with neither intimidation nor threats of violence. This view was later discredited when Darrell Cabey, who had been paralyzed by Goetz's gunshot, admitted during an interview with columnist Jimmy Breslin eleven months after the shooting, that his friends had indeed intended to rob Goetz, who looked like "easy bait". This account was contested in court because Cabey was in the hospital with diminished but improving cognitive capabilities.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction, Other viewpoints
Some saw the incident as racial (with Goetz being white and the four young men black), and the jury verdict as a blow to race relations. Benjamin Hooks, director of the NAACP, said "The jury verdict was inexcusable. ... It was proven – according to his own statements – that Goetz did the shooting and went far beyond the realm of self-defense. There was no provocation for what he did." Representative Floyd Flake agreed, saying, "I think that if a black had shot four whites, the cry for the death penalty would have been almost automatic." Co-counsel for Cabey C. Vernon Mason, a candidate for district attorney who was later disbarred, said Goetz's actions were racist, as did the Rev. Al Sharpton.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction, Other viewpoints
Organized demonstrators accused Goetz of genocide. Goetz's racial language about criminal activity on 14th Street, allegedly made at a community meeting 18 months before the shooting – "The only way we're going to clean up this street is to get rid of the spics and niggers" – was offered as evidence of racial motivation for the shooting. Black political and religious leaders twice called for Federal civil rights investigations.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Public reaction, Other viewpoints
An investigation by the office of U.S. Attorney Rudolph Giuliani determined that the impetus for the shooting had been fear, not race. In an interview with Stone Phillips of Dateline NBC, Goetz later admitted that his fear was enhanced due to the fact that the attempted muggers were black.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Grand juries
Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau asked a grand jury to indict Goetz on four counts of attempted murder, four of assault, four of reckless endangerment, and one of criminal possession of a weapon. Because they would have to be granted immunity from prosecution, neither Goetz nor the four men he shot were called to testify. The 23 jurors heard witnesses, considered the police report of the shooting, and studied transcripts and tapes of the sometimes conflicting statements Goetz made to police in New Hampshire.


1984 New York City Subway shooting, Grand juries
The jury refused to indict Goetz on the more serious charges, voting indictments only for unlawful gun possession – one count of criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, for carrying in public the loaded unlicensed gun used in the subway shooting, and two counts of possession in the fourth degree, for keeping two other unlicensed handguns in his home. The case was assigned to Judge Stephen Crane.