1986 Sonoma State Cossacks football team
The 1986 Cossacks were led by fifth-year head coach Tony Kehl. They played home games at Cossacks Stadium in Rohnert Park, California. Sonoma State finished the season with a record of four wins and six losses (4–6, 2–3 NCAC). The Cossacks were outscored by their opponents 199–235 for the season. This was the last season for the Cossacks with Coach Kehl at the helm. He finished his five years at Sonoma State with a record of 13–39, a .250 winning percentage.


1986 Sonoma State Cossacks football team, Team players in the NFL
No Sonoma State players were selected in the 1987 NFL Draft.


1986 South African Open (tennis)
The 1986 South African Open (also known as Altech Open for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Johannesburg, [South Africa that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 83rd edition of the tournament and was held from 17 through 23 November 1986. Amos Mansdorf won the singles title.


1986 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Doubles
Mike De Palmer /  Christo van Rensburg defeated  Andrés Gómez /  Sherwood Stewart 3–6, 6–2, 7–6


1986 South African Professional Championship
The 1986 South African Professional Championship was a non-ranking snooker tournament, which took place in August 1986 at the Summit Club, Johannesburg. The tournament featured eleven South African players.


1986 South African Professional Championship
Silvino Francisco won his first national title with a 9–1 victory over Francois Ellis in the final.


1986 South African Professional Championship
The tournament was sponsored by the South African insurance company Colonial Mutual, which provided R50,000 in prize money. Francisco received R7,000 of this as winner. Additionally, the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) funded £8,000 in prize money through its national championship subsidy, a scheme which provided £1,000 per entrant. Three of the eleven entrants (Blignaut, Amdor and Johnston) were recognised as professionals only in South Africa and not by the WPBSA. Francisco received £2,500 as winner.


1986 South American Cross Country Championships
The 1986 South American Cross Country Championships took place on May 4, 1986. The races were held in San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.


1986 South American Cross Country Championships
Complete results, results for junior and youth competitions, and medal winners were published.


1986 South American Cross Country Championships, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 28 athletes from 4 countries participated.


1986 South American Games
The III South American Games (Spanish: Juegos Sudamericanos; Portuguese: Jogos Sul-Americanos) were a multi-sport event held in 1986 in Santiago, Chile, with some events in Concepción and Viña del Mar. The Games were organized by the South American Sports Organization (ODESUR) and were initially awarded to Brazil at its 1982 congress held in Rosario. However, four months later, Brazil declined the offer. Therefore, Guayaquil and Quito in Ecuador were chosen, but due to lack of government support the games were finally moved to Santiago, Chile.


1986 South American Games
An appraisal of the games and detailed medal lists were publishedelsewhere,emphasizing the results of the Argentinian teams. Torch lighter at the Estadio Nacional de Chilewas athlete Omar Aguilar.


1986 South American Games
Suriname had the first appearance at the games resulting in a total of 11 teams participating.


1986 South American Games, Medal count
The medal count for these South American Games is tabulated below. This table is sorted by the number of gold medals earned by each country. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals.


1986 South American Games, Sports
Key sports swimming and track cycling were not held at this edition. On the other hand, medals were awarded in underwater sports (scuba diving) in categories "orientation" and "pursuit" addressing particularly military staff.


1986 South American Games, Sports, Notes
‡: Archery is listed in the overview of the competitions held at the 1986 games. However, there are no medals for Archery in the medal lists.


1986 South American Games, Sports, Notes
*: Bowling is declared as "exhibition event" in one source.


1986 South American Junior Championships in Athletics
The 18th South American Junior Championships in Athletics were held in Quito, Ecuador, at the Estadio Los Chasquis between September 13–16, 1986.


1986 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)
Detailed result lists can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website. An unofficial count yields the number of about 201 athletes from about 9 countries:  Argentina (31), Brazil (48), Chile (11), Colombia (9), Ecuador (45), Panama (6), Paraguay (2), Peru (36), Venezuela (13).


1986 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Medal winners are published for men and womenComplete results can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website.


1986 South American U-16 Championship
The 1986 South American Under-16 Football Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano Sub-16 Peru 1986, Brazilian Portuguese: Campeonato Sul-Americano Sub-16 Peru 1986) was the 2nd edition of the South American Under-17 Football Championship, a football competition for the under-16 national teams in South America organized by CONMEBOL. It was held in Peru from 4 to 19 October 1986.


1986 South American U-16 Championship
Bolivia were crowned champions, and together with Brazil and Ecuador, which were the top three teams of this tournament, qualified for the 1987 FIFA U-16 World Championship in Canada.


1986 South American U-16 Championship, Venues
All games were played in Lima at the Estadio Nacional.


1986 South American U-16 Championship, First stage
The top two teams in each group advanced to the final stage.


1986 South American U-16 Championship, First stage
When teams finished level of points, the final rankings were determined according to:


1986 South American U-16 Championship, Final stage
When teams finished level of points, the final rankings were determined according to the same criteria as the first stage, taking into account only matches in the final stage.


1986 South American U-16 Championship, Qualified teams for FIFA U-16 World Championship
The following three teams from CONMEBOL qualified for the 1987 FIFA U-16 World Championship.


1986 South American Under-16 Football Championship squads
The 1986 South American U-16 Championship was an international association football tournament held in Peru. The ten national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad; only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. Each player had to have been born after 1 January 1970.


1986 South American Under-16 Football Championship squads, Group B, Chile
(GK N°1) Rafael Arturo Contador|Rafael Contador Colo Colo (N°2 DF) Rodrigo Perez Salgado|Rodrigo Perez Salgado Audax Italiano (DF N°3) Victor Hugo Perez|Victor Hugo Perez Universidad de Chile (DF N°4) Luis Gonzalez|Luis Heriberto Gonzalez Soto Audax Italiano (MF N°5) Julio Vergara|Julio Homero Vergara Deportes Magallanes (DF N°6) Pablo Letelier|Pablo Cesar Letelier Deportes Antofagasta (MF N°7) Nilbaldo Ibarra|Nilbaldo Adrian Ibarra Universidad de Chile (FW N°8) Leonardo Soto|Leonardo Enrique Soto Colo Colo (FW N°9) Ricardo Monje|Ricardo Andres Monje Universidad Catolica (MF N°10) Cristian Torres|Cristian Andres Torres UD Cobreloa (FW N°11) Claudio Troncoso|Claudio Andres Troncoso Colo Colo (GK N°12) Rene Molina|Rene Gabriel Molina Universidad Catolica (DF N°13) Juan Pablo Villalta|Juan Pablo Villalta Universidad Catolica (MF N°14) German Campos|German Patricio Campos Deportes Magallanes (DF N°15) Mario Martinez|Mario Alejandro Martinez Universidad Catolica (FW N°16) Claudio Betancourtt|Claudio Roberto Betancourtt O Higgins (MF N°17) Rodrigo Castañeda Everton Viña del Mar (FW N°18) Marcelo Vega|Francisco Marcelo Vega Regional Atacama


1986 South American Youth Championships in Athletics
The 8th South American Youth Championships in Athletics were held in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina, from October 17–19, 1986.


1986 South American Youth Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Medal winners are published for boys and girls. Complete results can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website.


1986 South American Youth Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)
Detailed result lists can be found on the "World Junior Athletics History" website. An unofficial count yields the number of about 205 athletes from about 9 countries:


1986 South Antrim by-election
The 1986 South Antrim by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.


1986 South Antrim by-election, Other References
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1986 South Antrim by-election, Other References
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1986 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1986 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as an independent team in the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Gamecocks would finish the season 3–6–2 overall.


1986 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1986 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Carroll A. Campbell Jr., a Republican representative of the 4th congressional district, narrowly defeated Democrat Michael R. Daniel to become the 112th governor of South Carolina and only the second Republican governor since Reconstruction.


1986 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
The South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary for governor on June 10. Michael R. Daniel was declared the official candidate for the Democrats despite not obtaining 50% of the vote because second-place finisher, Winthrop University president Philip Lader, declined a runoff election.


1986 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Republican primary
Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election.


1986 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election
The general election was held on November 4, 1986 and Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. was elected as the next governor of South Carolina in the closest election percentage wise since the disputed election of 1876. Turnout was higher than the previous gubernatorial election because of the increasingly competitive nature of the race between the two parties.


1986 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1986 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986 to elect the Governor of South Dakota. Incumbent Bill Janklow was term-limited, so the field for the new governor was open. Republican nominee George S. Mickelson was elected, defeating Democratic nominee Ralph Lars Herseth.


1986 South Down by-election
The South Down by-election of 1986 was part of a co-ordinated series of by-elections aimed to show opposition to the Anglo Irish agreement. It resulted in the narrow victory of the incumbent Ulster Unionist Party, Enoch Powell, who increased his majority by 1,294 votes despite rising support for Irish Nationalist candidates. His opponent Eddie McGrady would later take the seat in the 1987 general election.


1986 South Yemeni parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in South Yemen between 28 and 30 October 1986, having originally been scheduled for 1983, but later postponed. A total of 181 candidates contested the 111 seats. Although the country was a one-party state at the time, with the Yemeni Socialist Party as the sole legal party, independents were also able to run as candidates.


1986 South Yemeni parliamentary election
The result was a victory for the Socialist Party, which won 71 seats. Voter turnout was reported to be 88.78%.


1986 South Yemeni parliamentary election, Electoral system
The 111 Members of Parliament were elected by plurality in eighty constituencies, with voters having the same number of votes as the number of seats available in their constituency.


1986 Southeastern Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1986 Southeastern Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Alex Box Stadium in Baton Rouge, LA from May 9th through May 11th. LSU won the tournament and earned the Southeastern Conference's automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Tournament.


1986 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1986 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Hennon Stadium on the campus of Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, North Carolina from April 27 through April 29. The South Division's top seed Western Carolina won the tournament and earned the Southern Conference's automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.


1986 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament, Seeding
The top two teams from each division based on regular season conference winning percentage participated in the tournament. The top seed from the North Division played the second seed from the South in the first round, and vice versa. The winners of the first round then played, while the losers played an elimination game. There were no ties in the standings, so no tiebreakers were necessary.


1986 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1986 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from February 28 – March 2, 1986, at the Asheville Civic Center in Asheville, North Carolina. The Davidson Wildcats, led by head coach Bobby Hussey, won their fifth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1986 NCAA Tournament.


1986 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The top eight finishers of the conference's nine members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.


1986 Southern Illinois Salukis football team
The 1986 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (GCAC) during the 1986 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Under third-year head coach Ray Dorr, the team compiled a 7–4 record (4–2 against conference opponents). The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.


1986 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team
The 1986 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern Mississippi as an independent during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fifth year under head coach Jim Carmody, the team compiled a 6–5 record.


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election
Elections to Southwark Council were held in May 1986. The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 36.7%.


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, Ward results, Browning
Ann Goss was a sitting councillor for The Lane ward


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, Ward results, The Lane
Leslie Alden was a sitting councillor for St Giles ward


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. George Walker


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ali Balli


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Elsie Headley


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Linda Oram


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Joan Price


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kenneth Carlisle


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alan Crane


1986 Southwark London Borough Council election, By-Elections
The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David Main


1986 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1986 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament was the league's annual postseason tournament used to determine the Southwest Conference's (SWC) automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament. The tournament was held from May 16 through May 19 at Olsen Field on the campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, TX.


1986 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament
Due to rain delays, the loser's bracket and semifinal games were canceled. The winners of the first round games met in the finals.


1986 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament
The number 2 seed Texas A&M Aggies went 3-0 to win the team's 1st SWC Tournament under head coach Mark Johnson.


1986 Southwest Conference Baseball Tournament, Format and seeding
The tournament featured the top four finishers of the SWC's 8 teams in a double-elimination tournament.


1986 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1986 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 7-9, 1986 at Reunion Arena in Dallas, TX.


1986 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
Number 5 seed Texas Tech defeated 2 seed Texas A&M 67-63 to win their 3rd championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Tournament.


1986 Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format and Seeding
The tournament consisted of the top 8 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament.


1986 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament
The 1986 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament was held March 5-8, 1986 at Moody Coliseum in Dallas, TX.


1986 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament
Number 1 seed Texas defeated 2 seed Texas Tech 77-53 to win their 4th championship and receive the conference's automatic bid to the 1986 NCAA Tournament.


1986 Southwest Conference Women's Basketball Tournament, Format and Seeding
The tournament consisted of a 6 team single-elimination tournament. The top two seeds had a bye to the Semifinals.


1986 Southwestern Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football team
The 1986 Southwestern Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southwestern Louisiana (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) as an independent during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first year under head coach Nelson Stokley, the team compiled a 6–5 record.


1986 Soviet Cup Final
The 1986 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on May 2, 1986. The match was the 45th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Torpedo Moscow and FC Shakhtar Donetsk. The Soviet Cup winner Torpedo won the cup for the sixth time. The last year defending holders Dynamo Kyiv were eliminated in the round of 16 of the competition by FC Spartak Moscow on penalties.


1986 Soviet Cup Final, Road to Moscow
All sixteen Soviet Top League clubs did not have to go through qualification to get into the competition, so Torpedo and Shakhter both qualified for the competition automatically.


1986 Soviet Cup Final, Road to Moscow
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).


1986 Soviet Second League
1986 Soviet Second League was a Soviet competition in the Soviet Second League.


1986 Soviet Second League, Zone 6
1986 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 56th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 6. The season started on 28 March 1986 with the game Sudobudivnyk Mykolaiv – Nyva Ternopil.


1986 Soviet Second League, Zone 6
The 1986 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by FC Zorya Luhansk. Qualified for the interzonal playoffs, the team from Luhansk Oblast managed to gain promotion by winning its group.


1986 Soviet Second League, Zone 6
The "Ruby Cup" of Molod Ukrayiny newspaper (for the most scored goals) was received by SC Tavriya Simferopol.


1986 Soviet Second League, Zone 6, Format
The season consisted of two stages preliminary and final tournaments. During the preliminary tournament participants were split into two groups of 14 teams in each with the seven best of each group qualifying for the championship group of the next stage and the seven worst played a consolation tournament.


1986 Soviet Second League, Zone 6, Format
In the final stage of both championship and consolation tournaments teams played home and away only with teams of another group. The winner of championship tournament further participated in the Soviet Second League interzonal playoffs in an effort to gain promotion to the First League, while the worst team of consolation tournament relegated to amateurs.


1986 Soviet Top League
The 1986 Soviet Top League season was the 49th of its kind. Dynamo Kyiv were the defending 11-times champions.


1986 Soviet Top League
A total of sixteen teams participated in the league, which was two teams fewer than in the 1985 season and no teams were promoted from the First League due to the league reorganization. The overdraw concept was preserved with no more than 10 draws being allowed (same as the previous season). Dynamo Kyiv, however, was excused from the rule because the Soviet national football team, consisting almost exclusively out of the first team of Dynamo Kyiv, participated at the 1986 FIFA World Cup.


1986 Soviet Top League
The reduction of the league was compensated by the introduction of a new competition, the Cup of Football Federation of USSR. For that purpose the league took a short break in September when the new competition kicked off and involved only the participants of the Soviet Top League. The new competition was brief, lasting for just over a month.


1986 Soviet Top League
The season began on March 1 and lasted until November 22, 1986, however some additional postponed games were played until December 7. The season was won by Dynamo Kyiv once again for the 12th time on the last day of the season on December 7 when they faced off against their main opponent Dynamo Moscow in Kiev, pulling off a dramatic 2–1 win and thus passing their Moscow rivals in the final league standings.


1986 Soviet Top League
The top five clubs of the league later entered European competitions, joined additionally by the losing cup finalist Dinamo Minsk, beaten by Dynamo Kyiv in the 1987 Final. The winner of the 1986 League Cup Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk did not qualify for any European tournaments.


1986 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Goalkeepers: Viktor Chanov (30), Mykhaylo Mykhaylov (3). Defenders: Anatoliy Demyanenko (29 / 2), Oleh Kuznetsov (27 / 2), Andriy Bal (26), Volodymyr Bezsonov (16 / 1), Vasyl Yevseyev (15), Sergei Baltacha (13), Vladimir Gorilyi (9), Vadym Karatayev (8 / 1), Mykhaylo Olefirenko (2), Ivan Palamar (1). Midfielders: Vasyl Rats (30 / 7), Pavlo Yakovenko (28 / 2), Vadym Yevtushenko (27 / 6), Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko (20 / 12), Oleksandr Zavarov (20 / 4), Ivan Yaremchuk (15 / 3). Forwards: Oleg Blokhin (23 / 2), Ihor Belanov (22 / 10), Oleksandr Shcherbakov (12 / 1).


1986 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Transferred out during the season: Mykhaylo Olefirenko (to FC Shakhtar Donetsk), Ivan Palamar (to FC Nyva Vinnytsia).


1986 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Goalkeepers: Aleksei Prudnikov (30), Aleksandr Uvarov (1). Defenders: Aleksandr Novikov (27 / 1), Boris Pozdnyakov (27 / 1), Sergei Silkin (25), Igor Bulanov (24 / 3), Viktor Losev (23), Sergei Kozhanov (15), Aleksandr Golovnya (8), Vladimir Demidov (8), Vasili Zhupikov (6). Midfielders: Vasili Karatayev (30 / 4), Igor Dobrovolski (28 / 4), Viktor Vasilyev (21), Aleksandr Molodtsov (15 / 1), Andrey Kobelev (15), Yuri Pudyshev (6), Valeri Matyunin (2). Forwards: Aleksandr Borodyuk (28 / 21), Sergei Stukashov (25 / 7), Igor Kolyvanov (17 / 4).


1986 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Transferred out during the season: Vasili Zhupikov (to Sport Tallinn), Yuri Pudyshev (to FC Dynamo Stavropol), Valeri Matyunin (to FC Fakel Voronezh).


1986 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Goalkeepers: Rinat Dasayev (24), Stanislav Cherchesov (7). Defenders: Boris Kuznetsov (30), Vagiz Khidiyatullin (27 / 4), Aleksandr Bubnov (21), Yuri Susloparov (20), Aleksandr Shibayev (18), Almir Kayumov (15), Gennady Morozov (13), Valeri Popelnukha (5), Gennadi Bogachyov (4), Yuri Klyuchnikov (1). Midfielders: Yevgeni Kuznetsov (26 / 3), Fyodor Cherenkov (22 / 8), Sergei Novikov (17 / 3), Aleksei Yeryomenko (15 / 4), Renat Ataulin (15), Sergei Volgin (9 / 1), Andrei Mitin (8 / 1), Vladimir Kapustin (8), Igor Shalimov (5 / 1), Nikolai Latysh (5), Igor Ivanov (4). Forwards: Andrei Rudakov (24 / 9), Sergey Rodionov (23 / 17), Mikhail Rusyayev (11), Oleg Kuzhlev (9 / 1).


1986 Soviet Top League, Medal squads
Transferred out during the season: Sergei Volgin (to FC Kairat), Nikolai Latysh (to FC Zirka Kirovohrad), Igor Ivanov (to FC Pakhtakor Tashkent), Yuri Klyuchnikov (to FC Sokol Saratov).


1986 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1986 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Jerez on 13 April 1986. This was the first Formula One Spanish Grand Prix since the 1981 race was held at Jarama.


1986 Spanish Grand Prix
This race featured a 3 car battle for the lead over the last half of the race. Ayrton Senna (Lotus-Renault), Nigel Mansell (Williams-Honda) and reigning World Champion Alain Prost (McLaren-TAG) all had opportunities to take the win, with close nose to tail racing around the circuit. Once Mansell pitted for fresh tyres he charged back into the fight making up over 19 seconds in the final 10 laps on his fresh rubber.


1986 Spanish Grand Prix
It was not quite sufficient to take the win, but it was very close with Senna and Mansell taking the chequered flag almost side by side, Senna only 0.014 s in front of Mansell in one of the closest finishes in Formula One history. This was the third-closest finish in Formula One history, after Mansell's spectacular charge allowed him to pull alongside Senna on the final straight.


1986 Spanish Grand Prix
In an interview after the race, Mansell said he had no problems with Senna's defensive driving (blocking) at the end of the race when the Williams was clearly the quicker car, saying that Senna was entitled to protect his lead. He then jokingly added that the finish was so close they should give them both 7½ points each (which is the average between the winner's 9 points and second place's 6).


1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum
A referendum on the Spanish NATO membership was held in Spain on Wednesday, 12 March 1986. Voters were asked whether they ratified the national Government's proposal for the country remaining a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which it had joined in 1982.


1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum
The question asked was "The Government considers it convenient, for national interests, for Spain to remain in the Atlantic Alliance, and agrees that such permanence be established in the following terms: (1) Non -incorporation into NATO's military structure; (2) Prohibition on the installation, storage or entry of nuclear weapons on Spanish territory; (3) Gradual reduction of the United States' military presence in Spain. Question: In your view, should Spain continue to be a member of the Atlantic Alliance subject to the terms agreed by the national Government?"


1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum
(Spanish: El Gobierno considera conveniente, para los intereses nacionales, que España permanezca en la Alianza Atlántica, y acuerda que dicha permanencia se establezca en los siguientes términos: 1.º La participación de España en la Alianza Atlántica no incluirá su incorporación a la estructura militar integrada. 2.º Se mantendrá la prohibición de instalar, almacenar o introducir armas nucleares en territorio español. 3.º Se procederá a la reducción progresiva de la presencia militar de los Estados Unidos en España. ¿ Considera conveniente para España permanecer en la Alianza Atlántica en los términos acordados por el Gobierno de la Nación? ).


1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum
The referendum resulted in 56.9% of valid votes in favour of remaining within NATO on a turnout of 59.4%.


1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading choice's colour. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the "Remain" and "Leave" choices in a given poll.


1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum, Results, Overall
The Government considers it convenient, for national interests, for Spain to remain in the Atlantic Alliance, and agrees that such permanence be established in the following terms: (1) Non -incorporation into NATO's military structure; (2) Prohibition on the installation, storage or entry of nuclear weapons on Spanish territory; (3) Gradual reduction of the United States' military presence in Spain. In your view, should Spain continue to be a member of the Atlantic Alliance subject to the terms agreed by the national Government?


1986 Spanish general election
The 1986 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 22 June 1986, to elect the 3rd Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 254 seats in the Senate.


1986 Spanish general election
The election was held after the referendum on Spanish membership in NATO in March 1986 had resulted in a surprising win for the 'In' camp headed by Prime Minister Felipe González. Reinforced from the referendum result, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) sought to take advantage of the favorable political situation. The election resulted in the PSOE winning a second consecutive—albeit diminished—majority with 184 out of 350 seats.


1986 Spanish general election
Its immediate competitor, Manuel Fraga's People's Coalition, an electoral alliance formed by People's Alliance (AP), the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and the Liberal Party (PL), remained stagnant with a similar result to the one obtained in 1982 by the AP–PDP coalition. The disappointing election result caused the Coalition to break apart shortly afterwards.


1986 Spanish general election
Former PM Adolfo Suárez's Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) came out in third place with nearly 1.9 million votes, 9.2% of the share and 19 seats. The Communist Party of Spain (PCE) contested the election within the newborn left-wing United Left (IU) coalition, slightly improving on the PCE's result in 1982 with 4.6% and 7 seats and holding its own against the Communists' Unity Board (MUC), Santiago Carrillo's split party founded after him being expelled from the PCE, which won no seats.


1986 Spanish general election
Two future prime ministers (José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and Mariano Rajoy) were first elected as deputies at this election.


1986 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
The Spanish Cortes Generales were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a few exclusive, yet limited in number functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which were not subject to the Congress' override. Voting for the Cortes Generales was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights.


1986 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting. The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.


1986 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts.


1986 Spanish general election, Overview, Electoral system
Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.


1986 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date
The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of the Cortes in the event that the prime minister did not make use of his prerogative of early dissolution. The decree was to be published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication.


1986 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date
The previous election was held on 28 October 1982, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 28 October 1986. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 4 October 1986, with the election taking place on the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Cortes Generales on Wednesday, 3 December 1986.


1986 Spanish general election, Overview, Election date
The prime minister had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot. Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of 2021 there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution, with governments having long preferred that elections for the two chambers of the Cortes take place simultaneously.


1986 Spanish general election, Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.


1986 Spanish general election, Parties and candidates
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:


1986 Spanish general election, Background
Felipe González was invested as Prime Minister of Spain by the Congress of Deputies on December 2, 1982, becoming the first leftist Spanish head of government in 43 years. His party, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), had won an unprecedented landslide victory in that year's general election which opened the II Legislature, forming a majority government as a result. The Socialists' access to power raised hopes among broad sectors of the society who expected major changes, while caused concern within the more conservative circles about the measures that would be carried out. The PSOE would also achieve a massive victory in the municipal and autonomic elections of May 1983, in which it would gain control over most of the autonomous communities and provincial capitals' governments.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Economic crisis
In its first months in power, the new Socialist government had to face a worsening economic situation: inflation was running at an annual rate of 15%, the external current account was at US$4 billion, the unemployment rate had risen to 17% by the beginning of 1983 and public deficit was at 6%, while the GDP was growing at a rate of 1.3% to the OCDE forecast of 2.5%.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Economic crisis
Miguel Boyer was named as new Economy Minister, taking first measures such as the devaluation of the peseta by 8% or the increase by 1 point of the cash reserve ratio for banks with the aim of stabilizing the current account balance for 1983. On February 23, 1983, the PSOE government expropriated the Rumasa holding due to its financial situation and because of alleged fraudulent practices and continuous evasion from the inspection activity of the Bank of Spain. Other of the government's first measures were to fulfill the PSOE's election pledge to reduce work time to 40-hour week and to establish a minimum legal annual leave of 30 days and a lunch break of 15 minutes.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Economic crisis
González' government then went on to carry out an unpopular economic stabilization plan involving a process of industrial restructuring, leading to the closure of many obsolete industries and a job loss that, by 1985, would raise the unemployment rate to 21.5%. By this time, it had become obvious that the PSOE would not be able to maintain its election pledge to create 800,000 jobs in four years and, as unemployment grew, opposition parties even mocked the government about the fact that they would actually destroy 800,000 jobs.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Economic crisis
A reform of the pension system was implemented in 1985, which lengthened the period used to calculate full pension benefits from 10 to 15 years and adopted a new system for the revaluation of pensions, to be done automatically every year and in proportion to the expected inflation rate. The retirement age was maintained at 65, despite the PSOE pledge to reduce it to 64.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Economic crisis
While these plans were defended by Felipe González in that they were vital for economic recovery and an eventual economic equalization of Spain with the rest of Europe, they received widespread criticism from trade unions (including the historically Socialist-associated UGT) as well as from Socialist militants that "could not believe that Felipe was able to do this to us", leading to strikes and demonstrations opposing the government's economic policy.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Economic crisis
It was also during González' first term that a new labor reform was approved, which included fiscal incentives to investment, added protection for unemployed and the easing of temporality through the implementation of fixed-term contracts. In 1985, Boyer was succeeded as Economy Minister by Carlos Solchaga who, in general terms, maintained the economic policy of his predecessor.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Domestic affairs
The II Legislature (1982–1986) also highlighted the social character of the new government. In 1984 a reform of the Spanish health care system begins, culminating in the approval in 1986 of the General Health Law, which established the Spanish National Health System and settled the legal basis for universal health care in Spain, expected to reach 98% of the population according to governmental sources.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Domestic affairs
The Socialists also undertook the first steps to decriminalize abortion in Spain through the Organic Law 9/1985, which allowed induced abortion in three cases: therapeutic (in case of serious risk to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman) during the first 12 weeks;  criminological (cases where the woman was raped) during the first 22 weeks; and eugenic (in case of malformations or defects, physical or mental, in the fetus) at any time during pregnancy. It also established free and compulsory education until the age of 16 through the Organic Law 8/1985 regulating the right to education, and reorganized the university system, adapting it to the precepts of the Spanish Constitution of 1978, through the University Reform Law of 1983 (LRU).


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Domestic affairs
During these years, a proper electoral law was conceived, as until that time Spanish elections came regulated under provisional decrees and scattered regulation that for a long time were requested to be unified in a single text. The electoral system remained essentially the same, with the new law centering on unification of electoral legislation and the regulation of more technical issues.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Domestic affairs
Prime Minister Felipe González came briefly involved in the German Flick affair in 1984, when SPD MP Peter Struck said in the German press that another MP from his party, Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski, had given 1 million Marks from the corruption plot to González himself. This led to a remarkable statement from the Spanish Prime Minister: "I have not received a single mark, a single penny, a single peseta, neither from Flick nor from Flock". Felipe González was later acquitted from the Flick scandal by the subsequent inquiry commission in Congress.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Domestic affairs
González' first term as Prime Minister was also marked by a harsh hostile campaign from ETA, with around one hundred dead throughout the 1982–1986 period as a result of terrorist activity. The Socialist government promised a "firm reaction" in response, with Felipe González stating in a speech November 1983 that "This government will not allow a quiet life to those who harbor terror and crime", announcing measures such as the aggravation of penalties for crimes of terrorism. It would be during this period and until 1987 that the GAL (acronym for "Antiterrorist Liberation Group") were illegally established and funded by government officials to fight ETA, starting what was to be known as the guerra sucia (Spanish for "dirty war"), which would be unveiled in the early 1990s.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Domestic affairs
Finally, the PSOE had to deal with the issue of military insurrectionism as well. The Spanish Armed Forces were profoundly reorganized: the position of Chief of Joint Chiefs of Staff (JUJEM), which itself underwent internal reforms (including a full renovation of all of its members), was subordinated to the newly created Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD), in turn directly responsible to the Defence Minister, promoting an increase of civil authority over the military.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Domestic affairs
It also passed into law two bills that provided, on the one hand, a reduction in the number of high-ranking officers (which was considered oversized), also allowing for long-serving officers to retire in exchange of economic incentives; on the other hand, a 15% increase in wages for members of the Armed Forces, equating military wages to the level of those from civil service personnel with similar responsibilities. Finally, the three armies (Army, Navy and Air Force) were integrated within the organizational and functional structure of the Ministry of Defence. With these reforms the Socialists intended to professionalise the Armed Forces and end the threat of military coup attempts that had lingered during the previous year, with the ultimate goal of consolidating democracy in Spain.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, EEC and NATO
Considered as one of the major policy success of the first Socialist government, the Spanish entry into the European Economic Community (EEC) took place on January 1, 1986, after a long process of negotiations that had started in 1979.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, EEC and NATO
The integration process had been delayed as a result of several factors, among them the structure of the Spanish economy, which conflicted with European interests (especially in areas such as agriculture and fishing, motivating France to ask for a revision of the Common Agricultural Policy before Spain's accession); but also because the EEC was still undergoing budgetary internal problems resulting from the 1973 oil crisis. These factors hindered and prolonged the negotiations. However, the French position was easened after Felipe González' arrival to government in 1982, having a good relationship with also Socialist French President François Mitterrand. Spain, together with Portugal, signed the Act of Accession to the EEC on 12 June 1985 and became officially an EEC member on 1 January 1986, thus ending with a long period of isolation from Europe.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, EEC and NATO
Meanwhile, PSOE's stance on NATO came closely linked with the negotiations for Spain's entry into the EEC. The PSOE had campaigned in 1982 for the holding of a referendum on the issue after Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo's unpopular move to enter NATO in May 1982, and it had also opposed the country's permanence within the Atlantic Alliance. However, once in power Felipe González' stance evolved to one of support to NATO.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, EEC and NATO
According to Santos Juliá, the main factors that influenced the PSOE government's change of attitude were "pressure from the United States and several European countries; the connection between staying in NATO and Spain–EEC negotiations and the growing favorable stance of the Spanish Defence Ministry to attain closer ties with the Alliance". By 1985, as Spain had signed the Act of Accession to the EEC, preparations for the referendum on NATO membership started, being eventually held on 12 March 1986. Previously, González had to convince of the new government's stance to his own party in the 30th party congress held in December 1984, and the turnaround on the NATO issue led to the resignation of his Foreign Minister, Fernando Morán, in disagreement with him.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, EEC and NATO
During the referendum campaign, the PSOE was virtually left alone at the national level campaigning for NATO membership support, as the PCE (which later in the year would go on to form the United Left coalition) opposed Spain's permanence within NATO, while the main opposition AP, considered as a pro-NATO party, asked for an abstention in the referendum. In words of David Ruiz, this would be a "painful strategy... to discredit the political career of its founder, Manuel Fraga, as an aspirant to the Government of the State". Finally, the NATO permanence option won the vote by a surprising 53.1% to 40.3% (with 6.6% casting blank ballots), and the PSOE came out reinforced.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
In the aftermath of the 1982 election, the negative result, growing membership losses and a mounting debt burden ended up in the dissolution of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) in February 1983.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
This left a political vacuum (with 1.4 million UCD votes in the 28 October election now virtually orphaned) that other parties attempted to occupy, namely the newly established People's Coalition (a political alliance led by People's Alliance (AP) but also comprising the People's Democratic Party (PDP), the Liberal Party (PL) and a number of regional-based parties), Adolfo Suárez's Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) or the Catalan-based Convergence and Union (CiU).


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
It was from the People's Coalition that AP leader Manuel Fraga tried to build on his idea of the "natural majority": an electoral space that would bring together all political sectors from the centre and the right and all non-Socialists and non-separatists. Fraga remained confident that this strategy was the answer to an eventual victory in a general election and to forming an alternative government to the PSOE.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
At the same time, Catalan politician Miquel Roca Junyent tried to enter national politics by founding the Democratic Reformist Party (PRD), supported by CiU, the Liberal Democratic Party (PDL) of Antonio Garrigues Walker, the Galician Coalition (CG), the Riojan Party (PR) and the Majorcan Union (UM), with the aim of "capturing the 5 million votes of the political centre".


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
The party's founding congress took place in November 1984, and its foundation was considered a major political operation, counting with the support of different economic sectors and including some notable figures (Florentino Pérez, later to become President of the Real Madrid C.F., was named as PRD's Secretary–General), in response to the UCD collapse and the PSOE's arrival to government. The process of formation and preparation of the party to contest the next general election was to be popularly known as Operation Roca, in reference to its main promoter.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
Meanwhile, Adolfo Suárez' CDS experienced a period of economic expansion and membership growth, and also announced its intention to enter the political arena to contest the hotly contested battle for the political centre that was now considered to exist between the PSOE to the left and AP to the right. As attempts at forming a common alliance between the three political forces failed throughout 1985, it was confirmed that all three forces would contest separately the 1986 general election.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
Meanwhile, the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) experienced its own internal crisis. After the devastating results of the 1982 election, party leader Santiago Carrillo resigned and was succeeded by Gerardo Iglesias. Following the XI Congress on 18 December 1983, the PCE found itself deeply divided between the three main factions within the party: the "carrillistas" under Carrillo, the "pro-Soviet" sector under Ignacio Gallego and Iglesias' "renovators", with the latter taking control of the party's leadership.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Division within the opposition
Internal disagreements resulted in Gallego's pro-Soviet faction splitting from the party shortly afterwards, giving birth to the Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) in early 1984. Finally, the expulsion of Carrillo's faction from the party's Central Committee in April 1985 led to Carrillo's supporters also splitting into the Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE-UC).


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Early election call
While the 1986 general election was initially expected for October, the opinion that a snap election would be held in June alongside the scheduled 1986 Andalusian regional election kept growing after it was known that some PSOE sectors were pressuring González for an early Parliament dissolution. Among the reasons behind an early electoral call were the party's increased popularity (according to opinion polls) after the March referendum on NATO membership, and savings worth 300 million pesetas to the State Treasury in Andalusia by avoiding the celebration of two separate elections in June and October.


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Early election call
In early April, several government members, such as spokesperson Javier Solana, stated that "the Executive's will is to exhaust the legislature and therefore, to hold the election in October", while Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso Guerra, asked on the possibility of a snap election, remained ambiguous on the issue and said that "there are as many reasons to do so as not to, although it is normal that a party that has a majority ends the legislature".


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Early election call
Felipe González himself stated that he had not studied the eventuality of calling an early election for summer and that "October is a symbolic date to be respected", but did not deny the existence of calls within both his Cabinet and party in favor of holding an election in June. He said that his intention, nonetheless, was to "end the legislature".


1986 Spanish general election, Background, Early election call
Leaders of the main opposition party, People's Alliance, were confident that a snap election would be held, arguing that "the PSOE's program is exhausted, has no proposals to make to the electorate in the remaining months between now and October, which are all but a prolonged agony", and also accusing the PSOE of making preparations that signaled an imminent election campaign. Finally, on April 21, Felipe González announced his intention to dissolve Parliament and call a snap election for June 22, explaining that it was his wish to prevent "political uncertainties" resulting from an autumn election that could affect the country's economic prospects during the making of the 1987 state budget.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party under Felipe González campaigned on a continuity platform, emphasizing on the idea of progress and trying to highlight that the party's management of government during the previous four years had been positive for the country. The democratization process after the turbulent years of the early 1980s was deemed as having been fully completed, the military insurrectionism threat had been vanquished, Spain had been integrated within Europe and the economic crisis was easening, with the brunt of the industrial conversion having been dealt with in the first years of Socialist government.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
It also tried to deliver on the idea that the party's programme was not yet fulfilled, with many proposals still left to be carried out. Another message of the Socialist electoral campaign revolved around the idea that a non-Socialist government would revert the political and social advances accomplished in the previous years, with PM González himself warning of a possible alternative coalition between the various centre and centre-right parties in case the PSOE lost its absolute majority.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
There were notable divergences from the campaigning style of 1982: González himself, being now the Prime Minister, had a busy public agenda and was only able to participate in large campaign events during weekends, having little time to maintain direct contact with party militants. He also wanted to distance himself from direct confrontation to the other parties' candidates, usually leaving that task to Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso Guerra and other PSOE leaders, in order to emphasize his image as Chief of the Executive. The PSOE's electoral manifesto for the 1986 election also avoided making any concrete pledges such as those done in 1982.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
Opposition parties had accused the PSOE government of a rudely style of ruling, of arrogance, of little austerity and of informational opacity, a result, according to them, of the large absolute majority of seats it had obtained in the 1982 election. Thus, one of the PSOE's self-imposed objectives during the election campaign was to maintain that absolute majority. In the end, the PSOE would win the election but with a significantly reduced majority of 184 seats, compared to the 202-strong majority achieved in 1982.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, People's Coalition
The People's Alliance, the People's Democratic Party and the Liberal Party contested the election in a common ticket under the People's Coalition label. Some regionalist parties in different autonomous communities, such as the Navarrese People's Union in Navarre, also joined the coalition, who was to be led into the election by AP leader Manuel Fraga.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, People's Coalition
Its campaign centered into criticising the González' government record in office, accusing the PSOE of breaking many of its 1982 election pledges and asking voters to support an alternative to the Socialists, with Fraga opening the possibility to invite other parties, specially the CDS and the PRD, into a coalition government aimed at ousting the PSOE from power. The Coalition released an election programme which was described as a mixture of economic neoliberalism and social conservatism.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, People's Coalition
Among the Coalition's election pledges were the privatization of public companies (the most notable example being TVE 2) and of the healthcare assistance system in order to reduce tax burden and public spending; the implementation of a national plan against drugs; the illegalization of HB and tougher penalties for terrorists (going as far as to promise an end to ETA terrorism within 6 months); a repeal of the newly approved abortion law and a revision of the divorce law.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, People's Coalition
The Coalition was criticised for its perceived right-wing stance, with serious difficulties to define an alternative policy to the PSOE, a weak opposition stance to González' government (virtually trailing the Socialists on every issue) and a lack of initiative.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, People's Coalition
The Coalition's call for abstention in the March referendum (despite the party's official stance favouring Spain permanence within NATO) had been a fatal blow to its expectations in the upcoming general election, being seen, on the one hand, as a gesture of political opportunism in an attempt to weaken Felipe González' position and, on the other hand, as showing a lack of political guidance. Instead, the 'Yes' landslide victory had reinforced the PSOE in the eyes of public opinion, but the Coalition's position on the referendum was met with skepticism and disapproval from other centre-right parties, both nationally and internationally.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, United Left
The roots for the United Left (IU) coalition originated during the protests to demand the exit of Spain from NATO in 1986, with the "Platform of the United Left". While the 1986 referendum had resulted in the country's permanence within NATO, sectors to the left of the PSOE sought to form a unitary candidacy for the 1986 general election aimed at representing the nearly 7 million voters that had shown their position against such a permanence.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, United Left
Aside from the PCE, which was to become IU's main member party, also joining the coalition were the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC), the Socialist Action Party (PASOC), the Republican Left (IR), the Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain or the Collective for the Unity of Workers-Andalusian Left Bloc (CUT-BAI), among others.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, United Left
Aside from its anti-NATO stance, the IU coalition also opposed the Socialist government's recent industrial conversion, which had been carried out almost unilaterally and with little to no talks with trade unions, thanks to the PSOE absolute majority in Congress. IU campaigned on a left-wing platform, accusing the PSOE of abandoning its socialist roots and of applying liberal policies.


1986 Spanish general election, Campaign, United Left
On the international stage, IU promised to bring Spain out of NATO, the dismantling of US bases and the withdrawal of US troops from Spanish soil, as well as to counter "the harmful consequences of integration within the EEC, a conception of Europe against the interests of multinationals and imperialism and to support initiatives for the elimination of nuclear weapons and against the militarization of space." On the domestic stage, IU's pledges included nationalizations in the banking and energy sectors. It also provided for large investments in the public sector, an agrarian reform and a federal model of state which provided for "the full development of the rights of nationalities and regions".


1986 Spanish general election, Results, Outcome
The 1986 election results showed little changes to the balance of power with respect to 1982. Overall, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remained the dominant party in Spanish politics by securing a second consecutive overall majority in the Congress of Deputies. Prime Minister Felipe González was regarded to have come out reinforced from the election. With his popularity already soaring after winning the NATO referendum on March, politically turned into a plebiscite on his premiership, the election results further strengthened his political position by securing him a new mandate to continue the reforms already in place since in 1982.


1986 Spanish general election, Results, Outcome
Nonetheless, the election unveiled the first signs of weariness of the PSOE government, as it suffered major losses in support in the major urban centers, the same that had set out the seed for González's landslide victory in 1982. In the Madrid Community the PSOE suffered the most, scoring a bare 40% from the 52% it had secured four years previously. Despite this, discontent towards the government did not translate into major inroads for other parties. Voters' apathy and the absence of strong alternatives to the Socialists translating into a substantial increase of the abstention rate, which rose to 29.5% from the 20.0% of 1982.


1986 Spanish general election, Results, Outcome
The centre-right People's Coalition failed to secure substantial gains from the 1982 result of the AP–PDP alliance, experiencing small gains in Castile and León, Extremadura and Melilla but falling elsewhere. Adolfo Suárez's Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) virtually took over the place of the defunct UCD with nearly 2 million votes and 19 seats. On the other hand, results for the Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) of Miquel Roca were an unmitigated disaster and a blow to Roca's national aspirations, disbanding shortly thereafter.


1986 Spanish general election, Results, Outcome
Its Catalan counterpart Convergence and Union (CiU), however, made significant gains in the Socialist stronghold of Catalonia, dramatically closing the gap with the PSC to just 9 points from a 23-point lead in 1982. The newly formed United Left coalition was able to slightly improve over the PCE's result in 1982, despite the split of former party leader Santiago Carrillo's MUC, which was unable to gain parliamentary representation.


1986 Spanish general election, Results, Outcome
In the election aftermath, the People's Coalition found itself into a state of deep crisis after results showed it was unable to garner the support of the centre voters. The People's Democratic Party immediately broke away from the Coalition after the election; its 21 MPs forming their own parliamentary caucus in the Congress of Deputies, thus reducing the Coalition's parliamentary strength to 84. Manuel Fraga would resign as AP leader after the party's disastrous results in the November 1986 Basque regional election, deepening a party crisis that would last until its refoundation into the People's Party in 1989.


1986 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1986 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1986 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 2–4 May 1986 at the Circuito Permanente del Jarama.


1986 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 1986 Special Honours in New Zealand were two Special Honours Lists: the first was dated 27 February 1986 and made one appointment to the Queen's Service Order; and the second was dated 31 July 1986, in which six people were awarded the Polar Medal, for good services as members of New Zealand expeditions to Antarctica in recent years.


1986 Speedway Champions Cup
The Speedway Champions Cup was an annual motorcycle speedway competition that took place between 1986 and 1993, featuring the national champions of the sixteen participating nations. It was discontinued with the introduction of the Speedway Grand Prix in 1995.


1986 Speedway Champions Cup
The 1986 championship was held at Pardubice and the winner was Erik Stenlund of Sweden.


1986 Speedway Champions Cup, Results
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify


1986 Speedway World Pairs Championship
The 1986 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the seventeenth FIM Speedway World Pairs Championship. The final took place in Pocking, West Germany. The championship was won by Denmark who beat United States after Run-Off (both 46 points). Bronze medal was won by Czechoslovakia (32 points).


1986 Speedway World Team Cup
The 1986 Speedway World Team Cup was the 27th edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions.


1986 Speedway World Team Cup
A new format was started in 1986 whereby teams were seeded into groups, with Group 1 containing the leading nations competing over three legs to determine the champions. A promotion and relgation system was in place for the groups. Denmark won all three legs and therfore easily won their fourth consecutive title (and sixth in total) equalling Sweden's six titles and moving into equal second place in the all time list. It was also Hans Nielsen's sixth gold medal having taken part in all of Denmark's title wins.


1986 Speedway World Team Cup, Group 1 (FINAL GROUP), Calendar
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1986 Speedway World Team Cup, Group 1 (FINAL GROUP), Round 2
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1986 Speedway World Team Cup, Group 1 (FINAL GROUP), Round 3
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1986 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
The 1986 St. Louis Cardinals season was the sixty-seventh season for the franchise was in the league, and the 27th and penultimate season in St. Louis. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 5–11, winning only four games. This was the fourth straight season in which the team did not reach the playoffs.


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1986 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 105th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 95th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 79-82 during the season and finished 3rd in the National League East division.


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
Pitcher Todd Worrell won the Rookie of the Year Award this year, with a 2.08 ERA and 36 saves. This was the second consecutive year a Cardinal won the Rookie of the Year Award, with Vince Coleman winning the previous season, and the second time in team history that the Cardinals had two consecutive NL Rookie of the Year winners (Wally Moon in 1954 and Bill Virdon in 1955). Shortstop Ozzie Smith and outfielder Willie McGee won Gold Gloves this year.


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
The Cardinals played 116 games (of 161) in which they failed to hit a home run, the most of any team since the 1952 Washington Senators.


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1986 Stanford Cardinal football team
The 1986 Stanford Cardinal football team represented Stanford University in the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. In head coach Jack Elway's third season at Stanford, the Cardinal had its first winning season since 1980 and received its first post-season bowl invitation since 1978.


1986 Stanford Cardinal football team
The team played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California and competed in the Pacific-10 Conference.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1986 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1985–86 season, and the culmination of the 1986 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Calgary Flames (in their first Final appearance) and the Montreal Canadiens (in their 32nd). The Canadiens would win the best-of-seven series, four games to one, to win their 23rd Stanley Cup, and their 17th in their last 18 Finals appearances dating back to 1956.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals
It was the first all-Canadian finals since Montreal lost to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1967, the last year of the Original Six era. This would be the fourth of eight consecutive Finals contested by a team from Alberta (the Edmonton Oilers appeared in six, the Flames in two), and the third of five consecutive Finals to end with the Cup presentation on Alberta ice (the Oilers won four, the Canadiens one). This was the only time between 1980 and 1988 that neither the Oilers (four wins) nor the New York Islanders (four wins) won the Stanley Cup.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals
Although this was the first ever postseason meeting between the two teams, it was not the first Montreal-Calgary Final. The first Final between teams from Montreal and Calgary took place in 1924 when the Canadiens defeated the Western Canada Hockey League champion Calgary Tigers. The Canadiens and Flames would get a rematch in 1989, with Calgary winning in six games.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Calgary defeated the Winnipeg Jets 3–0, the defending champion and in-province rival Edmonton Oilers 4–3, and the St. Louis Blues 4–3 to advance to the final.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Montreal defeated rival Boston Bruins 3–0, the Hartford Whalers 4–3, and the New York Rangers 4–1 to make it to the final.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Brian Skrudland's game-winning goal in game two ended the shortest overtime in NHL playoff history, at a mere nine seconds. Montreal rookie goaltender Patrick Roy was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff MVP.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Team rosters
Years indicated in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column signify that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The 1986 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Bob Gainey by NHL President John Ziegler following the Canadiens 4–3 win over the Flames in game five.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Players
* won the Calder Cup as American Hockey League (AHL) Championship in 1985 with Sherbrooke Canadiens.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Riot
Some 5,000 jubilant Montreal fans celebrating the Canadiens' Stanley Cup win over the Calgary Flames rampaged through the city's downtown, causing over CA$1 million worth of damage.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Broadcasting
In Canada, this was the second and final year that the English-language rights of the Cup Finals was shared between CBC and CTV. For games one and two, CBC only had the rights to air them locally in Montreal and Calgary, while CTV broadcast it to the rest of the country. CBC would then have the exclusive rights to televise games three, four and five nationally. Had the series gone to a seventh game, then both CBC and CTV would have simultaneously televised it while using their own production facilities and crews. After the season, CTV pulled the plug on their two-year-long venture with the NHL, and their rights package was eventually given to the Global-Canwest consortium.


1986 Stanley Cup Finals, Broadcasting
In the United States, this was the first of three consecutive seasons that ESPN televised the Cup Finals.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs
The 1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 9, after the conclusion of the 1985–86 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the Calgary Flames 4–1 to win the series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs
This was the last time to date that all active Canadian teams have qualified in the same season. It is also the second time that all seven active teams at the time qualified, the first occurring three years earlier. The playoffs of 1986 saw three first place teams eliminated in the opening round and the fourth, Edmonton, bowed out in the second. This would be the last time that all six Sutter brothers would participate in the playoffs in the same year.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs
In the first round, six of the eight series ended in a three-game sweep. The only two first-round series that didn't were the Rangers over the Flyers, and the Blues over the North Stars, both going the full five games.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs
The Montreal Canadiens decided to go with a rookie goaltender by the name of Patrick Roy. This decision proved to be a good one just like when the Canadiens rode rookie goalie Ken Dryden to a Stanley Cup championship in 1971. In the Final, the Canadiens beat the Calgary Flames, who were also riding a rookie netminder, Mike Vernon. Patrick Roy won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff MVP and had a sparkling 1.92 goals against average along with 15 wins. St. Louis forwards Doug Gilmour and Bernie Federko led the playoffs in scoring with 21 points despite missing the finals; this feat was not repeated until 1999.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs
The 1986 playoffs marked the first time that all four former WHA teams made the playoffs in the same year. This would happen again the following year and in 1999, by which time 3 of those teams had moved, the Quebec Nordiques to Denver, the Winnipeg Jets to Phoenix, and the Hartford Whalers to Raleigh.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A1) Quebec Nordiques vs. (A4) Hartford Whalers
This was the first playoff series between these two teams.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A1) Quebec Nordiques vs. (A4) Hartford Whalers
This was Hartford's lone playoff series victory in their NHL history prior to moving to Carolina.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A2) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A3) Boston Bruins
This was the 21st playoff series between these two teams. Montreal lead 18–2 in previous playoff meetings. Montreal won last year's Adams Division Semifinals 3–2.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P1) Philadelphia Flyers vs. (P4) New York Rangers
This was the seventh playoff series meeting between these two teams. Both teams have split their previous six meetings. Philadelphia won last year's Patrick Division Semifinals in a three-game sweep.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P2) Washington Capitals vs. (P3) New York Islanders
This was the fourth playoff series between these two teams. New York Islanders won all three previous meetings over the past three seasons. New York won last year's Patrick Division Semifinals 3–2.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (N1) Chicago Black Hawks vs. (N4) Toronto Maple Leafs
This was the seventh playoff series meeting between these two teams. Toronto won four of the previous six meetings. Their last meeting was in the 1967 Stanley Cup Semifinals, in which Toronto won in six games.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (N2) Minnesota North Stars vs. (N3) St. Louis Blues
This was the seventh playoff series meeting between these two teams. Both teams split their previous six series. Minnesota won last year's Norris Division Semifinals in a three-game sweep.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S1) Edmonton Oilers vs. (S4) Vancouver Canucks
This was the first playoff series between these two teams.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Semifinals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S2) Calgary Flames vs. (S3) Winnipeg Jets
This was the second playoff series between these two teams. This was a rematch of last year's Smythe Division Semifinals, in which Winnipeg won 3–1.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A2) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A4) Hartford Whalers
This was the second playoff series between these two teams. Montreal won the only previous meeting in a three-game sweep in the 1980 Preliminary Round.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Prince of Wales Conference, (A2) Montreal Canadiens vs. (A4) Hartford Whalers
The upstart Whalers pushed the eventual Stanley Cup Champions to the limit before falling. Claude Lemieux scored the series-winning overtime goal for Montreal.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Prince of Wales Conference, (P2) Washington Capitals vs. (P4) New York Rangers
This was the first playoff series between these two teams.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (N3) St. Louis Blues vs. (N4) Toronto Maple Leafs
This was the first playoff series between these two teams.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S1) Edmonton Oilers vs. (S2) Calgary Flames
This was the third playoff series meeting between these two teams. Edmonton won both previous meetings, including their most recent meeting in seven games in the 1984 Smythe Division Finals.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Division Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference, (S1) Edmonton Oilers vs. (S2) Calgary Flames
The deciding goal of game seven between the Oilers and Flames was scored five minutes into the third period when Edmonton's Steve Smith attempted a cross-ice pass from the side of his own net and the puck struck goaltender Grant Fuhr's leg and went into the Edmonton goal. This goal is significant because it eliminated the Oilers from the playoffs and prevented them from possibly winning a third straight Stanley Cup. To date this is the Flames' only playoff series victory over the Oilers.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Conference Finals, Prince of Wales Conference Final, (A2) Montreal Canadiens vs. (P4) New York Rangers
This series is best remembered for the third game, in which the Rangers badly outshot the Habs, but were stymied by Patrick Roy. Another Montreal rookie, Claude Lemieux, scored in overtime—his second overtime goal of the playoffs.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Conference Finals, Clarence Campbell Conference Final, (S2) Calgary Flames vs. (N3) St. Louis Blues
In Game 6, the Flames led 4–1 after two periods and 5–2 early in the third, but the Blues came back to tie it and then won on an overtime goal by Doug Wickenheiser. In Game 7, the Flames were up 2–0 before the Blues scored in the third to cut the lead in half. There wouldn't be another comeback, though, as Mike Vernon and the Flames withstood a late assault to advance to their first Stanley Cup Final.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals
This was the first playoff series between these two teams. This was the Canadiens' thirty-second appearance in the Finals, while the Flames were making their first appearance in the Finals. Montreal had most recently won the Stanley Cup in 1979. The Flames became the first team to represent Calgary in the Finals since the 1923–24 Calgary Tigers who were defeated by the same Montreal Canadiens.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals
In game two Montreal's Brian Skrudland set an NHL and Stanley Cup Finals record for the quickest overtime goal in history, scoring just nine seconds into overtime to win the game for Montreal.


1986 Stanley Cup playoffs, Player statistics, Goaltenders
This is a combined table of the top five goaltenders based on goals against average and the top five goaltenders based on save percentage, with at least 420 minutes played. The table is sorted by GAA, and the criteria for inclusion are bolded.


1986 Star World Championships
The 1986 Star World Championships were held on Capri, Italy in 1986.


1986 Star World Championships, Results
Legend: DNF – Did not finish; DNS – Did not start; DSQ – Disqualified; PMS – Premature start; YMP – Yacht materially prejudiced;


1986 State of Origin series
The 1986 State of Origin series was the fifth year that the annual three-match series between New South Wales and Queensland was contested entirely under "state of origin" selection rules. It was the year that New South Wales finally asserted some dominance and won the series in the first ever 3-0 Origin whitewash. It was an inauspicious introduction to Origin coaching for Wayne Bennett who soon afterwards began plotting a reversal of fortunes that would lead to a pending period of Queensland dominance.


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game I
The Blues finally brought to Origin a passion that had hitherto been associated mainly with Queensland and fielded a formidable halves pairing in Peter Sterling and Brett Kenny that found the measure of Maroons star Wally Lewis. Blues hooker Royce Simmons typified the newfound New South Wales' spirit when early in the opening game he was knocked senseless, after a vicious hit by Queensland's Greg Dowling. He staggered back into position, falling over and regaining his feet then waving trainers away as he took his place in the defensive formation before pulling off a try-saving tackle on his own tryline soon after.


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game I
The Blues led 12-2 early but by half-time the lead was cut to 12-10. Two minutes after the break Queensland forged to the front when prop Greg Dowling scored after centre Gene Miles recovered a Wally Lewis bomb. The Maroons then began to tire and Man Of The Match Royce Simmons scored from dummy half to spark a magnificent comeback, dummying past a bewildered Wally Lewis. A mistake by Queensland winger Dale Shearer opened the door for Blues' centre Andrew Farrar to score his first Origin try and the Blues led 22-16 with 13 minutes remaining and were able to hold on to a lead.


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game I
Simmons was interviewed in 2010: "The Queenslanders were going 'Ooohh, yeahh' when I fell over. They were really cheering me or bagging me or something...everytime I fell over. All I kept thinking was 'I can't get replaced; if I get replaced there goes my opportunity' so I struggled to get back up and few minutes later I was OK. It was a good win...and we played a very good Queensland side to do it"


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game II
Queensland's preparation for game II was disrupted by injuries to key players and selectors were forced to name one of the Maroons' most inexperienced line-ups.


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game II
Before a record Origin crowd of 40,707 at the SCG, the class of Lewis and Queensland again led into the second half 16-12 after 52 minutes before Sterling and Kenny engineered a New South Wales onslaught. Man-of-the-match Sterling then threw a sweetly timed pass for Kenny to take New South Wales to an 18-16 lead and four minutes later second-rower Noel Cleal crashed over between the posts for an unassailable 24-16 scoreline. Queensland scored in the final minutes through Shearer but their hopes of a last-ditch victory were dashed.


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game III
For the third year running the final match of the series was a dead rubber, but with Test positions on the line for the three clashes with New Zealand and the end of season Kangaroo tour plus the opportunity for New South Wales to become the first team to win 3-0, there was plenty to play for.


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game III
The first half produced one of Origin's most frenetic periods. By the time the teams left the field at the break seven tries had been scored and the scores were locked at 16-all. In the second stanza no more tries were added. The game was won by a Michael O'Connor penalty goal after referee Kevin Roberts had penalised Maroon's skipper Lewis for failing to clear the ruck.


1986 State of Origin series, Games, Game III
With the victory New South Wales enjoyed the first ever 3-0 series whitewash.


1986 State of the Union Address
The 1986 State of the Union Address was given by the 40th president of the United States, Ronald Reagan, on Tuesday, February 4, 1986, at 9 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 99th United States Congress. It was Reagan's fifth State of the Union Address and his sixth speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. Presiding over this joint session was the House speaker, Tip O'Neill, accompanied by George H. W. Bush, the vice president.


1986 State of the Union Address
Economic growth, increased job opportunities, and falling inflation rates were among some of the key issues discussed in this address. Reagan advocated for both an increase in national defense and a reevaluation of the federal budget, arguing the importance of national security and economic stability by appealing to American family values. In addition, the speech addressed welfare issues and proposed that new programs be created to support poor families. Reagan also asked that he be given the authority of a line-item veto. The speech lasted approximately 31 minutes and contained 3,514 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.


1986 State of the Union Address
This was the first State of the Union Address to have been postponed from its original date. Reagan planned to give his address on Tuesday, January 28, 1986, but after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, he postponed it for a week and addressed the nation on the day's events. Reagan delivered a much shorter address to the nation, focused solely upon the tragic events of the Challenger disaster, which served as an explanation for the delay of the speech. Reagan justified this delay by stating that “today is a day for mourning and remembering,” inviting the nation to devote the day to recognizing what he defined as “truly a national loss.”


1986 State of the Union Address
As a continuation of the tradition President Reagan started at the delivery of his State of the Union Address in 1982, he invited hand-selected special guests to be present during the speech. These four guests included Tyrone Ford, a 12-year-old with a talent in gospel music, 13-year-old Trevor Ferrell, who took an initiative to support the homeless, 13-year-old Shelby Butler, who risked her own life to save a classmate from oncoming traffic, and Richard Cavoli, a student of science who had designed an experiment that had been carried aboard Space Shuttle Challenger. These four guests were chosen because President Reagan saw them as everyday examples of young heroes in America. Each of these individuals was mentioned directly during the speech.


1986 State of the Union Address
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator George Mitchell (ME), Lt. Gov. Harriett Woods (MO), Gov. Charles Robb (VA), Rep. Thomas Daschle (SD), and Rep. William Gray (PA), who had previously taken part in the group response to President Reagan's State of the Union Address delivered on January 25, 1984.


1986 Stella Artois Championships
The 1986 Stella Artois Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom that was part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 84th edition of the tournament and ran from 9 June until 16 June 1986. Eighth-seeded Tim Mayotte won the singles title.


1986 Stella Artois Championships, Finals, Doubles
Kevin Curren /  Guy Forget defeated  Darren Cahill /  Mark Kratzmann 6–2, 7–6


1986 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
Ken Flach and Robert Seguso were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Broderick Dyke and Wally Masur.


1986 Stella Artois Championships – Doubles
Kevin Curren and Guy Forget won in the final 6–2, 7–6 against Darren Cahill and Mark Kratzmann.


1986 Stella Artois Championships – Singles
Boris Becker was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Tim Mayotte.


1986 Stella Artois Championships – Singles
Mayotte won in the final 6–4, 2–1 after Jimmy Connors was forced to retire.


1986 Stevenage Borough Council election
The 1986 Stevenage Borough Council election took place on 8 May 1986. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of the council was up for election; the seats which were last contested in 1982. The Labour Party retained control of the council, which it had held continuously since its creation in 1973.


1986 Stevenage Borough Council election, Overall results
All comparisons in vote share are to the corresponding 1982 election.


1986 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards
The 9th Stinkers Bad Movie Awards were released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 1987 to honour the worst films the film industry had to offer in 1986. As follows, there was only a Worst Picture category with provided commentary for each nominee, as well as a list of films that were also considered for the final list but ultimately failed to make the cut (27 films total).


1986 Stock Car Brasil season
The 1986 Stock Car Brasil Championship was the eighth season of Stock Car Brasil that consecrated as champion of this season, Marcos Gracia.


1986 Stockholm Open
The 1986 Stockholm Open was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts and part of the 1986 Nabisco Grand Prix and took place at the Kungliga tennishallen in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the 18th edition of the tournament and was held from 3 November until 9 November 1986. First-seeded Stefan Edberg won the singles title.


1986 Stockholm Open, Finals, Doubles
Sherwood Stewart /  Kim Warwick defeated  Pat Cash /  Slobodan Živojinović, 6–4, 6–4


1986 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Guy Forget and Andrés Gómez were the defending champions, but Gómez did not participate this year. Forget partnered Kevin Curren, losing in the semifinals.


1986 Stockholm Open – Doubles
Sherwood Stewart and Kim Warwick won the title, defeating Pat Cash and Slobodan Živojinović 6–4, 6–4 in the final.


1986 Stockholm Open – Singles
John McEnroe was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.


1986 Stockholm Open – Singles
Stefan Edberg won the title, defeating Mats Wilander 6–2, 6–1, 6–1 in the final.


1986 Strangford by-election
The 1986 Strangford by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.


1986 Strangford by-election, Other References
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1986 Strangford by-election, Other References
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1986 Strathclyde Regional Council election
The 1986 Strathclyde Regional Council election to the Strathclyde Regional Council was held on Thursday 8 May 1986, alongside regional elections across Scotland. All 103 of the council's seats were up for election.


1986 Sudan Airways Fokker F-27 shootdown
On 16 August 1986 a Sudan Airways Fokker F-27 Friendship 400M was performing a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Malakal (in present South Sudan) to Khartoum in Sudan, when it was shot down by the SPLA militants. All 60 people on board the aircraft were killed. As of May 2014, the shootdown remains the deadliest incident involving a Fokker F-27 and the deadliest aviation incident in South Sudan.


1986 Sudan Airways Fokker F-27 shootdown, Background
During the Second Sudanese Civil War, on 5 August 1986, the SPLA militants announced they would shoot down all unauthorized military or civilian aircraft, claiming that the government was using them to transport soldiers and weapons. Approximately at the time of the 1986 shootdown the militants singled out one humanitarian charter company, alleging that the company had a government contract "to spy on and take aerial photographs of" rebel operations. In May 1986 the militants brought down a passenger plane, killing all 13 aboard.


1986 Sudan Airways Fokker F-27 shootdown, Background
The aircraft involved in the August 1986 shootdown had a serial number 10277. It made its maiden flight in 1965 and accrued a total of 25,702 airframe hours and 19,290 flight cycles.


1986 Sudan Airways Fokker F-27 shootdown, Shootdown
Shortly after takeoff from Malakal the aircraft was brought down by a Soviet-made Strela 2 surface-to-air missile, fired by a Shilluk contingent of the SPLA. According to contemporary press reports, the missile was captured from the Sudanese army.


1986 Sudanese parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Sudan between 1 and 12 April 1986.They were the first multi-party elections in the country since 1968, and saw a victory for the Umma Party, which emerged as the single largest party with 100 of the 260 filled seats in the National Assembly. No party emerged with a majority; the Umma Party formed a coalition government.


1986 Sudanese parliamentary election
The election took place amidst the Second Sudanese Civil War, and voting was postponed indefinitely in 41 seats in Southern Sudan due to security concerns. Voter turnout was 67.5%. The election was among the freest and fairest elections in Africa up to that time.


1986 Sudanese parliamentary election
To date, these are the last free elections held in Sudan.


1986 Sugar Bowl
The 1986 Sugar Bowl was the 52nd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, on Wednesday, January 1. Part of the 1985–86 bowl game season, it matched the independent and second-ranked Miami Hurricanes and the #8 Tennessee Volunteers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).


1986 Sugar Bowl
Underdog Tennessee trailed early, rallied, and won in a rout, 35–7.


1986 Sugar Bowl, Teams, Miami
The second-ranked Hurricanes were competing for another national championship; they won ten straight after dropping the opener at home to Florida. Miami's most notable win was at Oklahoma in October, which was the Sooners' only loss.


1986 Sugar Bowl, Teams, Tennessee
The #8 Volunteers had two non-conference ties at home (UCLA, Georgia Tech), and a loss at Florida.


1986 Sugar Bowl, Game summary
The game kicked off shortly after 7 p.m. CST, televised by ABC, at the same time as the Orange Bowl on NBC, with top-ranked Penn State and #3 Oklahoma.


1986 Sugar Bowl, Game summary
Miami appeared dominant on its opening drive, capped with an 18-yard touchdown pass from Vinny Testaverde to Michael Irvin, and took the 7–0 lead into the second quarter. As the game wore on, however, Tennessee's defense began to shut down Miami's vaunted passing attack. Volunteers' quarterback Daryl Dickey threw a six-yard touchdown pass to Jeff Smith to tie the game at seven.


1986 Sugar Bowl, Game summary
A drive from midfield took Tennessee to the Miami nine, where running back Jeff Powell gained eight yards but fumbled at the one, and All-American wide receiver Tim McGee recovered it in the end zone; Tennessee took the lead at 14–7, the score at halftime.


1986 Sugar Bowl, Game summary
In the third quarter, Sam Henderson scored from a yard out and Tennessee led 21–7, then Powell broke for a  sixty-yard run to make it 28–7. In the fourth quarter, Charles Wilson scored on a six-yard run as Tennessee won by a 35–7 margin.