1985 Indianapolis 500, Legacy
The victory thrust Danny Sullivan into superstar status on the CART circuit. He guest-starred on an episode of Miami Vice ("Florence Italy") as well as a soap opera.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Paul Page served as the chief announcer for the ninth year. It was Page's twelfth year overall as part of the network crew. Lou Palmer reported from victory lane. The 1985 broadcast marked the final time the network featured exclusive live coverage of the race. The following year, ABC Sports would begin covering the race live on network television. Thus, Palmer's live interview with the winner in 1985 was the final time the network was granted exclusive live access to the winner's first interview in victory lane. Veteran Luke Walton introduced the starting command during the pre-race, but did not report during the race itself.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Gordon Johncock, who abruptly retired from driving during the month, joined Rodger Ward and the broadcast featured two driver experts. In addition, the reporting location on the backstretch was eliminated, due to the increasing speed of the cars, and the fact that the Turn 2 and Turn 3 reporters had a sufficient view of the straightaway. Bob Forbes spent the first segments of the race reporting from the center pits, then in the second half of the race, concentrated on the garage area and hospital.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Doug Zink, who had joined the network in 1966, left the crew. Howdy Bell took over Zink's vacant spot in turn 2, which was also Bell's longtime former position. The number of pit reporters was reduced back to four, and Sally Larvick was reassigned back to interviews and features.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
This would be the final 500 in broadcasting (radio or television) for Rodger Ward, as well as the final appearance for Ron Carrell as a turn reporter. Carrell's final race reporting from turn one included his call of Danny Sullivan's famous spin on lap 120. In addition, the turn one vantage point was moved from the deck of the Southwest Vista to a platform suspended from the E Stand Penthouse.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Paul PageDriver expert: Rodger WardDriver expert: Gordon JohncockStatistician: John DeCampHistorian: Donald Davidson


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Ron CarrellTurn 2: Howdy BellBackstretch: not usedTurn 3: Larry HenryTurn 4: Bob Jenkins


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried in the United States on ABC Sports on a same-day tape delay basis. This would be the final time the race was shown in tape-delay, as in 1986, the race would move to a live broadcast. Jim McKay served as anchor, and the separate "host" position was eliminated, in favor of McKay serving as both host and announcer.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
With only five individuals serving as on-air talent, it was ABC's smallest crew of the decade. The race earned a rating of 9.7 (18 share), the lowest such rating in the tape-delay/prime time era. Less than three months later on August 19, 1985, ABC Sports signed an initial three-year deal, long-awaited by auto racing fans, to cover the Indianapolis 500 live flag-to-flag starting in 1986. The 1985 race would be final time Jim McKay would anchor the broadcast. For 1986, he would be moved to the host position.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast has re-aired numerous times on ESPN Classic since 2000.


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Quotes
"The Indianapolis 500 has a new champion, as Danny Sullivan has won the 69th Indianapolis 500" - Paul Page described the finish of the race for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network


1985 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Quotes
"The Old American Hero will lose the race [Mario Andretti], the New American Hero is Daniel John Sullivan III of Louisville, Kentucky who has won the Indianapolis 500." - Jim McKay called the finish during the ABC Sports broadcast.


1985 Indianapolis Colts season
The 1985 Indianapolis Colts season was the 33rd season for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and second in Indianapolis. The Colts finished the year with a record of 5 wins and 11 losses, and fourth in the AFC East division. The Colts did improve on their 4–12 record from 1984, but missed the playoffs for the 8th straight season. This season was rather sluggish, as the Colts for most of the season alternated wins and losses. After starting out mediocre at 3–5, the Colts would then lose 6 straight to sit at 3-11 before winning their last 2 games to finish 5–11. This would be the only full season for head coach Rod Dowhower, as he was fired 13 games into the following season.


1985 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1985 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 20th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held on 9 and 10 March 1985 in Assen in the Netherlands.


1985 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The winner was Vladimir Sukhov of the Soviet Union. Yuri Ivanov defeated former champion Erik Stenlund in the run-off for bronze.


1985 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1985 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 15th edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 15 September 1985 at the Korskro Motor Centre in Esbjerg in Denmark.


1985 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Simon Wigg of England.


1985 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship
The 1985 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship was the ninth edition of the European motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships. It was won by Per Jonsson on July 14, 1985.


1985 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship, European final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1985 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 40th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship
Odsal Stadium, the new home of international speedway in England after the demise of the Wembley Stadium and White City Stadium tracks, was chosen by the FIM to host the 1985 Final on 31 August 1985; the first time that the final had been held in England at a venue other than Wembley.


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship
A crowd of around 30,000 attended the 1985 Final, which was won by defending champion Erik Gundersen of Denmark from fellow Dane Hans Nielsen and surprise third placing Sam Ermolenko of the United States. All three riders finished the meeting on 13 points and were forced into a run-off to decide the podium placings. The only English rider in the field, 21-year-old Kelvin Tatum, finished 8th with 8 points in his first World Final. He won his first race, but later admitted that he let the occasion get to him which affected his riding.


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship, British Qualification, British Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, American Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Nordic Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Overseas Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Intercontinental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship, Continental Round, Continental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1985 Intercontinental Cup
The 1985 Intercontinental Cup was an Association football match played on 8 December 1985, between Juventus, winners of the 1984–85 European Cup, and Argentinos Juniors, winners of the 1985 Copa Libertadores. Recognised as the best edition in the history of the tournament for technical and agonistic level, the match was played at the National Stadium in Tokyo. It was Juventus' second appearance into the competition, after replacing Ajax in 1973.


1985 Intercontinental Cup, Match, Summary
The final is regarded as the best of Copa Intercontinental ever played, due to the technical virtues of both teams. Despite Juventus arriving in Tokyo as the favorites to win the match, Argentinos Juniors' performance surprised everyone due to its style of play, efficacy and the outstanding performance of 20-year old forward Claudio Borghi, the most notable player of his team. Thirty years after the final, Borghi himself admitted that Argentinos Juniors lost the final because its players relayed excessively in their conditions.


1985 Intercontinental Cup, Match, Summary
After their triumph in the competition, Juventus became the first football team ever—remain the only one at present—to have won all official continental competitions and the world title.


1985 Intercontinental Cup, Match, Summary
Also, Italian defenders Gaetano Scirea and Antonio Cabrini became the first European footballers to have won all international club competitions and Giovanni Trapattoni, the first European manager in association football history to do so.


1985 Intercontinental Cup, Match, Summary
French midfielder Michel Platini was awarded as man of the match.


1985 Intercontinental Cup, Match, Summary
We had a very important rival, in times where there were not so many videos to analyze the rival as today. We stayed in the same hotel than Juventus and therefore we met their players all the time. It was a very nice experience


1985 Intercontinental Final
The 1985 Intercontinental Final was the eleventh running of the Intercontinental Final as part of the qualification for the 1985 Speedway World Championship. The 1985 Final was run on 3 August at the Vetlanda Speedway in Vetlanda, Sweden, and was the last qualifying stage for riders from Scandinavia, the USA and from the Commonwealth nations for the World Final to be held at the Odsal Stadium in Bradford, England.


1985 Intertoto Cup
In the 1985 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1985 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into eleven groups of four teams each.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1985 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hawkeyes were led by seventh-year head coach Hayden Fry and played their home games at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City, Iowa.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
Chuck Long declared that he would return for his senior season. He became an instant Heisman Trophy candidate, and Iowa was a preseason top five team. After three weeks in 1985, the Hawkeyes ascended to No. 1 in the national rankings for the second time in team history (1960). Three weeks later, in the sixth game of the season, No. 1 Iowa faced No. 2 Michigan at Kinnick Stadium. Iowa trailed 10–9 as the Hawkeyes regained possession of the football at their own 22-yard line with just 5:27 remaining in the game.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
Long drove the Iowa team to the 12-yard line with two seconds remaining to set up kicker Rob Houghtlin's game-winning field goal as time expired. After a rout of Northwestern, the Hawkeyes were upset by the No. 8 Ohio State Buckeyes in Columbus, Ohio. The loss to Ohio State cost Iowa their No. 1 ranking, but the Hawkeyes still won the Big Ten title outright for the first time in 27 years.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
Long won a number of major national awards, including the Maxwell Award, given to the nation's top player and the Davey O'Brien Award, given to the nation's top quarterback, and the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the top player in the Big Ten. He was a consensus first-team selection to the 1985 College Football All-America Team and the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy to Bo Jackson of Auburn, losing by just 45 points.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
Iowa lost Long's final game, the 1986 Rose Bowl, to UCLA by a score of 45–28. Long's Iowa teams compiled a 35–13–1 record. He graduated with 10,461 passing yards and 74 touchdowns on 782 completions.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Iowa State
The Hawkeyes earned the third of 15 consecutive wins over their in-state rivals. To date, this remains the largest margin of victory in the series. The convincing win vaulted Iowa to the #1 ranking in the country, a spot they would occupy for five consecutive weeks.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Michigan State
In their first game since ascending to the #1 ranking, the Hawkeyes survived a wild, back and forth thriller. The teams combined for well over 1,000 yards of total offense. Chuck Long (30-39, 380 yards, 4 TD) scored the winning touchdown on a 2-yard bootleg with 27 seconds remaining.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Michigan
The #1 Hawkeyes dominated the game statistically — holding major advantages in total yards (422-182), offensive plays (84-41), and time of possession (38:05-21:55) — but could not find the end zone. Rob Houghtlin kicked a 29-yard field goal as time expired to lift the top-ranked Hawkeyes to victory over the #2 "Wolverdinks", as Houghtlin referred to them.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Northwestern
On a windy day in Evanston, Chuck Long went 19-26 for 399 yards and a Big Ten record-tying 6 TDs. Bill Happel hauled in three touchdowns, finishing with 117 yards on 5 receptions.


1985 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Minnesota
In the battle for the Floyd of Rosedale, Iowa beat the Golden Gophers in Lou Holtz's last game as Minnesota's head coach. Chuck Long, in his final game at Kinnick Stadium, became the first player in Big Ten history to eclipse 10,000 career passing yards.


1985 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1985 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big Eight Conference. The team was coached by head coach Jim Criner.


1985 Iranian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Iran on 16 August 1985, and resulted in the re-election of the incumbent President Ali Khamenei.


1985 Iranian presidential election, Candidates
In July 1985, 50 people applied for the nomination, of which only 3 were approve


1985 Iranian presidential election, Candidates
Ali Khamenei, the current president and candidate of the Islamic Republic Party.


1985 Iranian presidential election, Candidates
Habibollah Asgar Oladi, former Minister of Commerce and candidate of the Islamic Coalition Party


1985 Ireland rugby union tour of Japan
The Ireland national rugby union team toured Japan in summer 1985, playing five matches, including two against the Japan national team. The IRFU did not award caps for these internationals. The Ciaran Fitzgerald-led side earned a 48–13 victory in the first clash in Osaka, with winger Trevor Ringland scoring three tries. In the second tie at Tokyo's Chichibu ground, Michael Kiernan scored two tries as the Irish came from being level-pegging at 12–12 at half-time, to leading 33–15 with a second half spurt by the final whistle.


1985 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1985 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 21 September 1985.


1985 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Tubbercurry Lad won £25,000 and was trained by Charlie Faul, owned by Michael Costelloe and bred by Charlie Faul. The competition was sponsored by Carrolls.


1985 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
1985 Shelbourne 600 winner Lispopple Story and Sir Hestor impressed in the first round with sub 29-second first round victories. Manorville Sand produced a very fast second round victory performance coming from behind Jackie Come Home to win in 28.96 and the English challenger Hong Kong Mike won in 29.00.


1985 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Cast No Stones (28.95), Tubbercurry Lad (29.14) and Gastrognome all won well in round three. In the semi-finals on slow going Lispopple Story beat Jackie Come Home in 29.73, Tubbercurry Lad defeated Manorville Sand in 29.40 and Cast No Stones sealed a win over Gastrognome in 29.37.


1985 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final Jackie Come Home drew trap one which spelled disaster for the field because she was a wide runner. As the traps opened the orange six jacket (trap colours were not the colours used today) of Tubbercurry Lad broke best. As expected, Jackie Come Home moved off and caused mayhem gifting the race to Tubbercurry Lad. Manorville Sand a natural stayer ran on for second place. Incidentally Moneypoint Coal trained by Seamus Graham scored a win in the consolation race in a very fast 28.84.


1985 Irish Masters
The 1985 Irish Masters was the eleventh edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from 26 to 31 March 1985. The tournament was played at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured twelve professional players.


1985 Irish Masters
Jimmy White won the title for the first time, beating Alex Higgins 9–5 in the final.


1985 Irish Professional Championship
The 1985 Strongbow Irish Professional Championship was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place in April 1985 at the Ulster Hall in Belfast, Northern Ireland.


1985 Irish Professional Championship
Dennis Taylor won the title beating Alex Higgins 10–5 in the final.


1985 Irish local elections
The 1985 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on 20 June 1985.


1985 Island Games
The 1985 Inter-Island Games were the first Island Games, and were held in Isle of Man, from July 18 to July 24, 1985.


1985 Israel Economic Stabilization Plan
The Economic Stabilization Plan was implemented in Israel in 1985 in response to the dire domestic economic situation of the early 1980s.


1985 Israel Economic Stabilization Plan, History
The years after the 1973 Yom Kippur War were a lost decade economically, as growth stalled, inflation soared and government expenditures rose significantly. Then, in 1983, Israel suffered what was known as the "bank stock crisis". By 1984 inflation was reaching an annual rate close to 450% and projected to reach over 1000% by the end of the following year. See Economy of Israel § History.


1985 Israel Economic Stabilization Plan, History
In response, on 1 July 1985 the government of Shimon Peres implemented an economic stabilization plan aimed at generating "sharp disinflation". The plan was devised by Yitzhak Moda'i and Michael Bruno. This was done after a series of smaller, so-called "package deals" that were negotiated with selected entities in the Israeli economy proved ineffective in stemming the rise of inflation.


1985 Israel Economic Stabilization Plan, History
It was not until the implementation of this wider-scale stabilization plan, which brought together all the main players in the Israeli economy at the time (the government, labor unions, and the central bank) that inflation was successfully brought to under 20% in less than two years. Some of its main points included:


1985 Israel Economic Stabilization Plan, History
These steps, coupled with the subsequent introduction of market-oriented structural reforms, including the privatization of many government-owned businesses, successfully reinvigorated the economy and paved the way for its rapid growth in the 1990s. The plan has since become a model for other countries facing similar economic crises.


1985 Israel Super Cup
The 1985 Israel Super Cup was the 15th Israel Super Cup (20th, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup.


1985 Israel Super Cup
The match was played between Maccabi Haifa, champions of the 1984–85 Liga Leumit and Beitar Jerusalem, winners of the 1984–85 Israel State Cup.


1985 Israel Super Cup
This was Maccabi Haifa's 3rd Israel Super Cup appearance (including unofficial matches) and Beitar's 4th. At the match, played at Kiryat Haim Stadium, Maccabi Haifa won 5–2.


1985 Italian Grand Prix
The 1985 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 8 September 1985. It was the twelfth round of the 1985 FIA Formula One World Championship. It was the 55th Italian Grand Prix and the 50th to be held at Monza. The race was held over 51 laps of the five kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 295.8 kilometres.


1985 Italian Grand Prix
The race was won by Frenchman Alain Prost driving a McLaren MP4/2B. It was Prost's fifth and final victory of the 1985 season as he powered towards the first of his four Formula One world championships. Prost won by almost 52 seconds over the Brazilian duo Nelson Piquet (Brabham BT54) and Ayrton Senna (Lotus 97T).


1985 Italian Grand Prix
It was the debut race for the American owned Haas Lola team with their new car, the Lola THL1 running the Hart 415T turbocharged engine, driven by Australia's 1980 World Champion Alan Jones. Jones, who had retired following the 1981 season, was making a full-time return to Formula One after two races, the US Grand Prix West, and the non championship Race of Champions with Arrows in early 1983.


1985 Italian Grand Prix
Missing from the grid was popular West German driver Stefan Bellof who was killed a week earlier in a World Sportscar Championship race at the Spa Circuit in Belgium. With his funeral set for the day after the Italian Grand Prix the Tyrrell team only ran the one car for Martin Brundle feeling it would be disrespectful to Bellof to bring a driver in to replace him for the race. Members of the Tyrrell team, including team boss Ken Tyrrell, attended Bellof's funeral the next day.


1985 Italian Grand Prix
Senna's pole position is often cited as one of his greatest moments.


1985 Italian Grand Prix, Classification, Qualifying
Pole position went to Ayrton Senna; his 5th pole of the year. His average speed was 152.487 mph (245.405 km/h).


1985 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1985 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome in Italy that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix and of 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The men's tournament was held from 13 May through 18 May 1985, while the women's tournament was held from 4 May through 10 May 1985. Yannick Noah and Raffaella Reggi won the singles title.


1985 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Anders Järryd /  Mats Wilander defeated  Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso 4–6, 6–3, 6–2


1985 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Sandra Cecchini /  Raffaella Reggi defeated  Patrizia Murgo /  Barbara Romanò 1–6, 6–4, 6–3


1985 Italian local elections
The 1985 Italian local elections were held on 12 and 13 May. The elections were held in 6,562 municipalities and 86 provinces.


1985 Italian local elections
The elections were won by the Christian Democracy, led by Ciriaco De Mita. The election was also characterized by a strong result of the Italian Social Movement, which became the most voted party in the city of Bolzano in South Tyrol.


1985 Italian presidential election
The Italian presidential election of 1985 was held on 24 June 1985.


1985 Italian presidential election
Only members of Parliament and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the 1983 general election and in the 1985 regional elections. As head of state of the Italian Republic, the President has a role of representation of national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Italian Constitution, in the framework of a parliamentary system.


1985 Italian presidential election
As a result of the election, Francesco Cossiga was elected President on the first round with almost 75% of the votes. It was the first time in the history of the Italian Republic that a President had been elected on the first round.


1985 Italian presidential election, Procedure
In accordance to the Italian Constitution, the election was held in the form of a secret ballot, with the Senators and the Deputies entitled to vote. The election was held in the Palazzo Montecitorio, home of the Chamber of Deputies, with the capacity of the building expanded for the purpose. The first three ballots required a two-thirds majority of the 1,008 voters in order to elect a president, or 673 votes. Starting from the fourth ballot, an absolute majority was required for candidates to be elected, or 505 votes. The presidential mandate lasts seven years.


1985 Italian presidential election, Procedure
The election was presided over by the President of the Chamber of Deputies Nilde Iotti, who proceeded to the public counting of the votes, and by the President of the Senate Francesco Cossiga.


1985 Italian presidential election, Chronology
In the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by non-christian democrat Prime Ministers: a republican (Giovanni Spadolini) and a socialist (Bettino Craxi); while the Christian Democracy remained however the main force supporting the government.


1985 Italian presidential election, Chronology
With the end of the Years of Lead, Craxi cabinet was working to restore stability in the Italian politics. The candidacy of the christian democrat Francesco Cossiga, first proposed by the Christian Democracy leader Ciriaco De Mita, was sustained by all the parties which were members of the coalition government (the so called Pentapartito alliance) and also by the communist leader Alessandro Natta.


1985 Italian presidential election, Chronology
On 24 June 1985 Cossiga was elected President and officially sworn in on 3 July 1985.


1985 Italian regional elections
The Italian regional elections of 1985 were held on 12 and 13 May. The fifteen ordinary regions, created in 1970, elected their fourth assemblies.


1985 Italian regional elections, Electoral system
The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system of Italy, and it was adopted for the regional vote too. Each Italian province corresponded to a constituency electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Droop quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at regional level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.


1985 Italian regional elections, Results summary
The most relevant result of these elections was the switch of Piedmont, which returned to the Christian Democracy after ten year of leftist administration. If the vote weakened both two major parties, the DC could compensate its loss with the reinforcement of its national allies, while the Communists became increasingly isolated, with Craxi's Socialists looking definitely at their right. Twelve Regional Councils elected a centrist administration, with the PSI rewarded by four presidencies, while the PCI was confined to its traditional strongholds: Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany and Umbria.


1985 Italian regional elections, Results summary
The results strengthened Craxi's government after the alarming results of the 1984 European election, and they underlined the decline of the Communist party into a progressively post-industrial Italy.


1985 Italian wage referendum
A referendum on the abolition of the wage escalator was held in Italy on 9 June 1985. The escalator allowed for the automatic growth of the salaries of Italian workers at the same rate as inflation. This mechanism was accused of causing high inflation which damaged the lira during the 1980s, with a 20% annual rate. Voters were asked whether they wanted to repeal a law passed by the government of socialist Prime Minister Bettino Craxi which had strongly reduced this automatic mechanisms. The referendum was called by the Italian Communist Party. Those voting "yes" wanted to restore the automatic growth of the salaries as the inflation ratio, and those voting "no" wanted to retain the law which tried to reduce the high inflation.


1985 Italian wage referendum
The referendum was defeated by margin of 54.3% to 45.7% on a voter turnout of 77.9% out of 45 million eligible Italian electors, thus allowing the law to remain in force.


1985 Italian wage referendum, Political party positions
Signatures and petitions for the referendum were collected by the Italian Communist Party. It found the support of the Proletarian Democracy and the Federation of the Greens on the left side, but also of the Italian Social Movement on the opposite faction.


1985 Italian wage referendum, Political party positions
Between the opposition to the referendum, the Italian Socialist Party found the support of all its allies, mainly the big Christian Democracy.


1985 Italian wage referendum, Results
The referendum was considered a major victory for the Italian Socialist Party and its leader Bettino Craxi, but it caused a dramatic split into the Italian left, the Communists accusing the Socialist to be sold to the business owners.


1985 Italy rugby union tour of Zimbabwe
The 1985 Italy rugby union tour of Zimbabwe was a series of matches played between June and July 1985 and in Zimbabwe by Italy national rugby union team.


1985 Ivorian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Ivory Coast on 10 November 1985. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. 546 PDCI-RDA candidates contested the 175 seats (up from 147 at the previous election). Voter turnout was reported to be just 45.7%.


1985 Ivorian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Ivory Coast on 27 October 1985. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally as the sole legal party. Its leader, long-term President Félix Houphouët-Boigny was the only candidate, and was re-elected unopposed.


1985 JSL Cup, Overview
It was contested by 20 teams, and Yomiuri won the championship.


1985 JSL Cup Final
1985 JSL Cup Final was the 10th final of the JSL Cup competition. The final was played at Toyohashi Football Stadium in Aichi on July 7, 1985. Yomiuri won the championship.


1985 JSL Cup Final, Overview
Yomiuri won their 2nd title, by defeating Nissan Motors 2–0.


1985 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation
The 1985 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation (Chinese: 1985年度十大勁歌金曲頒獎典禮) was held on January 1986. It is part of the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation series held in Hong Kong.


1985 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation, Top 10 song awards
The top 10 songs (十大勁歌金曲) of 1985 are as follows.


1985 James Hardie 1000
The 1985 James Hardie 1000 was the 26th running of the Bathurst 1000 touring car race. It was held on 6 October 1985 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst. It was the first time the race was held exclusively for cars complying with the Australian version of International Group A touring car regulations. The event was Round Four of both the 1985 Australian Endurance Championship and the 1985 Australian Manufacturers' Championship.


1985 James Hardie 1000
The race was dominated by the Tom Walkinshaw Racing run Jaguar XJ-S' which finished first and third in the race. John Goss and German driver Armin Hahne claimed the victory with team boss Tom Walkinshaw and his co-driver Win Percy finishing three laps down in third. On the same lap as the winning Jaguar was the Schnitzer Motorsport prepared BMW 635CSi of Italian driver Roberto Ravaglia and Venezuela's former Motorcycle World champion (and ex-Formula One driver) Johnny Cecotto who, despite their extensive overseas experience, were Bathurst rookies and as such easily co-won the Rookie of the Year award. The Holden Dealer Team VK Commodore of Peter Brock and New Zealand open-wheel racer David Oxton were in second place with three laps to go when they broke a timing chain and retired.


1985 James Hardie 1000
1985 was the first Great Race since 1969 that four-time winner Allan Moffat was not an entrant. Left without a drive in 1985 after the withdrawal of Mazda from Australian touring car racing, Moffat was guest expert commentator with race broadcaster Channel 7.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Class structure
The race was held for cars complying with the Australian version of International Group A touring car regulations with three engine capacity classes.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Class structure, Class A
Class A was for cars with an engine capacity of under 2000cc, or two litres. Cars that had competed during the 1985 Australian Touring Car Championship and appeared in the entry list for the race included: Alfa Romeo Alfetta, Ford Escort RS2000, Toyota Corolla, Toyota Sprinter, Triumph Dolomite Sprint and Volvo 360 GLT. Only five cars finally entered, four Toyotas, two of them factory supported, and an Alfa Romeo which did not start.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Class structure, Class B
Class B was for cars between two and three litres of engine capacity. Turbo charged cars acquired a multiplier of 1.3, meaning a 2000cc car with a turbo became a car with 2600cc for the purposes of the class structure. This saw the factory supported turbo charged Mitsubishi Starions and Volvo 240s compete against non-turbo Audi 5+5, Toyota Celica Supra and the factory backed Alfa Romeo GTV6. While the venerable Ford Capri and a factory supported BMW 323i had made appearances in the championship, none fronted for the race. It was the first time since the 1973 race that there was no Ford Capri on the grid.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Class structure, Class C
Over three litre cars were in Class C which featured Holden VK Commodore V8s (in both 5.0 litre and 4.9 litre configuration), the big V12 Jaguar XJ-S', the V8 Ford Mustang GT's and Rover Vitesses and the Straight-six BMW 635 CSi. Both the Rovers and BMW's used 3.5 litre engines, though unlike the BMW, the Rover was a V8.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Hardies Heroes
* Tom Walkinshaw's pole time of 2:18.822 in his Group A Jaguar XJ-S was 0.138 seconds faster than he had qualified John Goss' Group C Jaguar XJS in Hardie's Heroes the previous year. It was also the first time a driver had gone from being the slowest in the runoff one year to being the fastest a year later. Showing the difference in performance between Group A and Group C at that stage, Walkinshaw's time was 4.972 seconds slower than George Fury's pole winning time of 1984.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Hardies Heroes
* Walkinshaw's Jaguar was recorded at 274 km/h (170 mph) on Conrod Straight during the runoff. The fastest non-Jaguar was the turbocharged Volvo 240T driven by Bathurst Rookie Robbie Francevic which recorded 260 km/h (162 mph). The once dominant V8 Holden and Fords were slower still, topping out at around 250 km/h (155 mph). * Volvo became the 8th marque to be represented in the Top 10 runoff since its inception in 1978 when Auckland based Robbie Francevic qualified his Mark Petch Motorsport Volvo 240T in 5th place. The Volvo was also the only turbo powered car in the runoff.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Hardies Heroes
* With Walkinshaw on pole and teammate Jeff Allam in second, 1985 was the first and so far only year that cars powered by V12 engines have filled the front row of the grid at Bathurst. It was also the first time since Peter Brock and Colin Bond had qualified 1-2 for the Holden Dealer Team in 1974 that one team had occupied the front row. * The No. 18 DJR Ford Mustang driven by Larry Perkins was officially withdrawn from the race following Hardies Heroes.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Hardies Heroes
Every car on the grid that qualified behind the car was then was moved up one grid position. The car had been entered as an insurance policy should something happen to keep the #17 Mustang out of the race, and to give drivers Dick Johnson and Perkins the maximum amount of practice time before the race. * For the first time there were 11 cars and not 10 in the runoff.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Hardies Heroes
The ARDC had originally bumped the Larry Perkins Mustang believing (correctly) that it would not start the race despite persistent rumours that it would, and included in its place the BMW 635 CSi of Roberto Ravaglia. However, DJR protested as their car had provisionally qualified 8th. As the ARDC had no grounds to exclude it as regulations stated the top 8 qualifiers were an automatic inclusion, the runoff went ahead with both Perkins and Ravaglia taking part.


1985 James Hardie 1000, Hardies Heroes
* 1985 was the only time Peter Brock was out-qualified by one of his HDT teammates in Hardie's Heroes, qualifying 0.132 behind David Parsons, who was listed only as co-driver to 1983 race winner John Harvey in the No. 7 car. Prior to this the closest a teammate had got to him in HH was when Harvey was only 1.19 seconds slower in 1980. 1985 would also be the only time that the HDT had the slowest two cars in the runoff. * The fastest driver in official qualifying, 1974 winner John Goss, made his first and only appearance in Hardie's Heroes. Goss' Jaguar had also qualified for the shootout in 1984 but Tom Walkinshaw was at the wheel.


1985 James Madison Dukes football team
The 1985 James Madison Dukes football team represented James Madison University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season.


1985 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1985 Japan Open Tennis Championships (also known as the 1985 Japan and Asian Open Tennis Championships) was a Grand Prix tennis tournament held in Tokyo, Japan. The tournament was held from 14 to 20 October 1985 and was played on outdoor hard courts. Scott Davis and Gabriela Sabatini won the singles titles.


1985 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Scott Davis /  David Pate defeated  Sammy Giammalva Jr. /  Greg Holmes 7–6, 6–7, 6–3


1985 Japan Series
The 1985 Japan Series was the 36th edition of Nippon Professional Baseball's postseason championship series. It matched the Central League champion Hanshin Tigers against the Pacific League champion Seibu Lions. Making their first appearance in the Japan Series since 1964, the Tigers finally won their first Japan Series championship. To this day, it remains the only Japan Series title won by the Tigers.


1985 Japan national football team
This page records the details of the Japan national football team in 1985.


1985 John Player Special League
The 1985 John Player Special League was the seventeenth competing of what was generally known as the Sunday League. The competition was won for the third time by Essex County Cricket Club.


1985 John Player Special League
Rain affected most rounds of the Sunday League that season with many abandoned, (27 no results, 20% of fixtures) and shortened matches. On 7 July at Knypersley, Derbyshire established a league record by hitting 18 sixes in their score of 292-9 from 40 overs. In the final round of matches on 15 September Essex beat Yorkshire at Chelmsford to retain the Sunday League. Sussex finished second and Hampshire finished third.


1985 John Player Special League
Essex had a great record in that season's three one-day competitions. Also winning the NatWest Trophy and finishing runners up in the third competition Benson and Hedges Cup.


1985 Jordan League
The 1985 Jordan League season saw 12 teams in competition. Al-Faysali won the championship.


1985 Junior League World Series
The 1985 Junior League World Series took place from August 12–17 in Taylor, Michigan, United States. Tampa, Florida defeated Salisbury, Maryland in the championship game.


1985 K League
The 1985 Korean Super League was the third season of top football league in South Korea. A total of eight teams participated in the league. Six of them were professional teams (Hallelujah Eagles, Yukong Elephants, Daewoo Royals, POSCO Atoms, Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso and Hyundai Horang-i), and two of them were semi-professional teams. (Hanil Bank and Sangmu FC). It began on 13 April and ended on 22 September.


1985 KFK competitions (Ukraine)
The 1985 KFK competitions in Ukraine were part of the 1985 Soviet KFK competitions that were conducted in the Soviet Union. It was 21st season of the KFK in Ukraine since its introduction in 1964. The winner eventually qualified to the 1986 Soviet Second League.


1985 KFK competitions (Ukraine), Final
The finals took place in Krasnoperekopsk and Armyansk, both in Crimean Oblast.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand
The 1985 Kangaroo Tour of New Zealand was a mid-season tour of New Zealand by the Australia national rugby league team. The Australians played six matches on tour, including the final two games of a three-game test series against the New Zealand with the first test taking place in Brisbane on 18 June. The NZ tour began on 19 June and finished on 10 July.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Leadership
After long time coach Frank Stanton stepped down from representative coaching duties after Australia's successful defense of The Ashes in 1984 against the touring Great Britain Lions, the Australian Rugby League appointed former World Cup and Parramatta Eels coach Terry Fearnley as head coach of the Kangaroos. The team was captained by Wally Lewis who had also captained the team in 1984.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Controversy
While he was named Australian coach, Terry Fearnley had also been appointed as New South Wales State of Origin coach in 1985. The Blues won their first ever Origin series in 1985 after winning games 1 and two. In what was to prove a case of bad planning, the test series and the tour of New Zealand were scheduled to take place between games 2 and 3 of the Origin series.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Controversy
Rumours soon surfaced that Fearnley and Lewis did not get along on tour. Lewis later confirmed this by admitting in television interviews that the pair hated each other while Fearnley openly admitted that in light of the circumstances he could have done a better job in bringing the team together. Lewis also publicly stated that he believed Fearnley openly favoured the teams vice-captain, NSW's Wayne Pearce as well as the rest of the Kangaroos who were in his NSW team. At one point before the third test in Auckland, Lewis claimed to have caught Fearnley and Pearce going over team selection in Fearnely's hotel room, something strongly denied by the pair.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Controversy
Fearnley himself created controversy on the tour. In the book King Wally which was published in 1987, Wally Lewis claimed that Fearnley had said of team member Michael O'Connor (a NSW player) "Can't play, no heart. Lucky he can kick goals or he wouldn't be here". The publishing of this story led to some animosity over the coming years between Lewis and O'Connor despite them being regular test team mates until the end of 1989. But the biggest controversy came from the team selection for the third test.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Controversy
Fearnley dropped four players from the second test win, all Queenslanders (Chris Close, Mark Murray, Greg Dowling and Greg Conescu - Close and Dowling dropped to the bench), which caused all hell to break loose and prompted Queensland Rugby League Chairman, Senator Ron McAuliffe, to publicly condemn the dropping of the four Queensland players from a winning Test side, saying "Its a football assassination and beyond all reasoning. And there can be no reasonable excuse for it".


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Controversy
With the replacement players in place (Steve Ella, Des Hasler, Peter Tunks and Benny Elias), the disjointed Kangaroos would go on to lose the third test 18–0, the first time they had been held scoreless since losing 19–0 to Great Britain in 1956. Such was the animosity in the group between the NSW and Qld players that according to second row forward Paul Vautin (a Queenslander), dropped players Mark Murray and Greg Conescu acted as the Australian teams statisticians for the game. In his book Fatty: The Strife and Times of Paul Vautin, he told that both recorded a number of errors that were actually made by team mates to the players who replaced them in the side, Hasler and Elias.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Controversy
Terry Fearnley stepped down as Australian coach following the tour. He would be replaced in 1986 by 1956–57 Kangaroo tourist and Canberra Raiders head coach Don Furner.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Controversy
As a result of the problems during the tour, the Australian Rugby League made a number of decisions for future Australian teams, including:


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, First test
Immediately prior to the tour, the first test took place at Lang Park in Brisbane on 18 June. This match is most remembered for the sideline fight between rival prop forwards Greg Dowling and Kevin Tamati after the pair had been sent to the sin-bin for fighting.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Tour
The Australian's played six games on the tour, winning five.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Tour, Second test
The Australian's escaped with a 10-6 win over New Zealand thanks to a last minute try to winger John Ribot.


1985 Kangaroo tour of New Zealand, Tour, Third test
The dead rubber third test also doubled as the first game of the 1985–1988 Rugby League World Cup tournament. John Ribot, Steve Ella, John Ferguson, Peter Wynn and Chris Close played their last tests for Australia.


1985 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 1985 Kansas City Chiefs season was the franchise's 16th season in the National Football League and the 26th overall.


1985 Kansas City Chiefs season
The Chiefs got off to a great start in 1985 with a 47–27 win at New Orleans, while safety Deron Cherry tied an NFL record by registering four interceptions in a 28–7 win against Seattle on September 29 as the club boasted a 3–1 record four games into the season. The club was then confronted with a seven-game losing streak (amidst, nonetheless, the neighboring Kansas City Royals's World Series run) that wasn’t snapped until quarterback Todd Blackledge was installed as the starter against Indianapolis on November 24. The team rebounded to win three of its final five contests of the year with Blackledge under center, further inflaming a quarterback controversy that continued into the 1986 season.


1985 Kansas City Chiefs season
Among these wins was the first time since 1972 that the Chiefs played the Atlanta Falcons, and merely the second in team history. The reason for this is that before the admission of the Texans in 2002, NFL scheduling formulas for games outside a team's division were much more influenced by table position during the previous season.


1985 Kansas City Chiefs season
One of the few remaining bright spots in a disappointing 6–10 season came in the regular season finale against San Diego when wide receiver Stephone Paige set an NFL record with 309 receiving yards in a 38–34 win, breaking the previous mark of 303 yards set by Cleveland's Jim Benton in 1945. Paige's mark was subsequently surpassed by a 336-yard effort by Flipper Anderson (Los Angeles Rams) in 1989.


1985 Kansas City Royals season
The 1985 Kansas City Royals season ended with the Royals' first world championship win over their intrastate rivals, the St. Louis Cardinals. The Royals won the Western Division of the American League for the second consecutive season and the sixth time in ten years. The team improved its record to 91–71 on the strength of its pitching, led by Bret Saberhagen's Cy Young Award-winning performance.


1985 Kansas City Royals season
In the playoffs, the Royals went on to win the American League Championship Series for just the second time and the World Series for the first time (they previously lost the 1980 World Series). Both the ALCS and the World Series were won in seven games after the Royals lost the first two games at home and three of the first four games overall.


1985 Kansas City Royals season
The championship series against the Cardinals was forever remembered in St. Louis by umpires' supposedly blown calls in Game Six: one that cost the Royals a run in the 4th, and a blown call by umpire Don Denkinger that allowed Jorge Orta to reach first. The World Series is remembered in Kansas City as the culmination of ten years of dominance by the Royals, during which they reached the playoffs seven times, with stars such as George Brett, Hal McRae and Willie Wilson.


1985 Kansas City Royals season
The team was managed by Dick Howser in his fourth and final full season with the Royals.


1985 Kansas City Royals season
The Royals did not return to the postseason until 2014 and won the World Series again in 2015.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
The Royals opened the season at home on Monday, April 8, in a three-game series versus the Toronto Blue Jays. In his second straight opening day start, Bud Black faced off against the Blue Jays' Dave Stieb and allowed only a single earned run on four hits as the Royals won, 2–1. Stieb held the Royals scoreless for 6 ⅔ innings before giving up the game-winning runs on a double by Willie Wilson. Black exited the game in the eighth inning with two outs after giving up a single and a walk. Dan Quisenberry closed out the game for his first save of the new season. The attendance of 41,086 was the highest of any home opener and wasn't exceeded until the 2005 season. It was also the second highest of any of the Royals' regular season home games in 1985.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
The Seattle Mariners had the strongest start in the division—winning their first six games at home by sweeping the Oakland Athletics and Minnesota Twins. But the Mariners quickly faded into sixth place as they lost twelve of their next thirteen games. After their losses in Seattle, the Athletics returned home to win seven of their next nine games, and on April 21 were in a three-way tie for first with the Mariners and the California Angels.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
However, a seven-game losing streak at the end of April pushed them down into sixth place on May 1 and five games below the Angels. At the end of April the Royals had a record of 11–8 (.579), but they had fallen two games behind the Angels who had finished the month with a six-game winning streak and had a 14–7 record.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
The Royals began the month of May by losing seven of their first eight games, culminating in an 11–3 loss on May 11 at home to the New York Yankees. The team was three games below .500, in fourth place and 5½ games behind the Angels. Three days and three wins later, with a record of 15–15, the Royals would not drop below .500 at any time during the remainder of the season. (But they would have a .500 record as late as July 12 when they were 42–42.)


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
With two six-game winning streaks, the team won thirteen of their next seventeen games to enter a first-place tie with the Angels on May 29, with a record of 25–19. This stretch of games was highlighted by three complete-game shutouts pitched by Bret Saberhagen, Bud Black, and Charlie Leibrandt in which they allowed only a combined 8 hits and 4 walks. And despite being on the road, from May 15 through May 17, the three starters each threw a complete game and allowed a combined two earned runs (a 0.67 ERA), 14 hits, and just one walk.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
The Royals struggled to make headway in the divisional race through June and into late July. Between May 30 and July 21 they were 21–25 and fell to 7½ games behind the Angels. With New York arriving in Kansas City to start a six-game home series on Monday, July 22, the Royals began a seven-game winning streak which was the longest in the season to that point. Dan Quisenberry picked up his 19th, 20th, and 21st saves as the Royals swept the Yankees, and he put in relief appearances in three of the next four games—picking up two more saves. On July 29, the Angels' lead had shrunk to 2½ games. They would remain there through September 1 as the Royals were 16–14 during that period and the Angels were 17–15.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
The eight-game winning streak (all at home) between September 2 and 8 was the longest of the season for the Royals. The streak included three games in extra innings. After winning five of their next seven games, the Royals achieved a 2 ½-game lead over the Angels on September 15. However, the Mariners, who had given them trouble earlier in the year—winning five of their six previous contests—shut out the Royals twice in a four-game sweep in Kansas City, dropping the Royals into a tie for first place on September 19. Winning four of their next nine games, the Royals dropped a game behind the Angels on September 29.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
After being swept at home in three games by the Twins and with only seven games remaining in the regular season, the Royals faced a four-game series at home versus the Angels. On September 30 the Royals won the first game 3–1 with Saberhagen pitching a complete game and giving up just one run on a home run by Doug DeCinces. Saberhagen collected ten strikeouts in the game and allowed only seven batters to reach first base. The Angels claimed the following game on October 1 by the score of 4–2 with Mike Witt pitching.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
The Royals won the third game on October 2 with Black pitching a complete-game shutout and allowing only five batters to reach first base. Three of the four runs scored by the Royals came in the bottom of the first inning with no outs as George Brett hit an inside-the-park home run to center field with two runners on base. The final game of the series on October 3 was won, 4–1, by the Royals with Quisenberry recording the final out of the game and his 36th save of the season. Starting pitcher Danny Jackson had given up just one run in 8⅔ innings despite allowing 11 hits. The Royals' runs came on three home runs by Frank White, Steve Balboni, and Brett. With the win, the Royals had a one-game lead on the Angels.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Regular season
The Royals hosted the Athletics for the final three games of the season while the Angels traveled to Arlington Stadium to battle the Rangers. On October 4, the Royals defeated the Athletics by the score of 4–2, and the Angels were shut out, 6–0, by the Rangers' starting pitcher Dave Schmidt. This gave the Royals a two-game lead and assured them of at least a tie for first. The division championship was claimed in a dramatic fashion on the following day as the Royals come from behind to defeat the Athletics in ten innings by the score of 5–4. The final game of the season on October 6 was a loss, and the Royals finished the season with a record of 91–71 (.562).


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, ALCS, Game 1
Tuesday, October 8, 1985, at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto, Ontario


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, ALCS, Game 2
Wednesday, October 9, 1985, at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto, Ontario


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, ALCS, Game 3
Friday, October 11, 1985, at Royals Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, ALCS, Game 4
Saturday, October 12, 1985, at Royals Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, ALCS, Game 5
Sunday, October 13, 1985, at Royals Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, ALCS, Game 6
Tuesday, October 15, 1985, at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto, Ontario


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, ALCS, Game 7
Wednesday, October 16, 1985, at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto, Ontario


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, World Series
With the St. Louis Cardinals defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the National League Championship Series, the 1985 World Series was destined to become one of the most memorable series for the cross-state rivals. It was popularly known as the Show-Me Series (Missouri is "the Show-Me State") and the I-70 Series. The 1985 World Series was played by National League rules, with no designated hitter, so the Royals were without the regular services of one of their best players, Hal McRae.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, World Series
As they had done in the ALCS, the Royals lost three of their first four games with the Cardinals. The key game in the Royals' comeback was Game 6, a game famous for a tremendous Kansas City comeback, unfortunately belittled in St. Louis as due to supposed umpire errors. A  call in the 4th inning cost the Royals their closest scoring opportunity when Frank White was called out after stealing second, and appearing on replay to have been safe, and the next batter, Pat Sheridan, got a hit.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, World Series
Facing elimination, the Royals trailed 1–0 in the bottom of the ninth inning before rallying to score two runs and win. In what has been called "one of the most controversial and famous plays in Series history", Jorge Orta led off the bottom of the ninth with a ground ball to Cardinal first baseman Jack Clark, who flipped the ball to pitcher Todd Worrell covering first. First base umpire Don Denkinger called Orta safe, but television replays  showed that Worrell had beaten him to the base.


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Postseason, World Series
Orta was later put out on the basepaths (the only out recorded in the inning), but Kansas City would go on to win as the Cardinals unravelled with a dropped pop up, a passed ball and poor pitching as the Royals capitalized on the opportunity. The Cardinals became  completely undone in Game 7. The Royals' Bret Saberhagen pitched a five-hit shutout, allowing the Royals to win 11–0 and clinch the franchise's first World Series title as the Cardinals' pitchers fell apart. AL Kansas City Royals (4) vs NL St. Louis Cardinals (3)


1985 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases


1985 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1985 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Eight Conference during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third and final season under head coach Mike Gottfried, the Jayhawks compiled a 6–6 record (2–5 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 294 to 281. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.


1985 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The team's statistical leaders included Mike Norseth with 2,995 passing yards, Lynn Williams with 373 rushing yards, and Richard Estell with 1,109 receiving yards. Sylvester Byrd, Skip Peete, Willie Pless, and Mike Norseth were the team captains.


1985 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1985 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. Eighth-year head coach Jim Dickey was forced to resign after opening the season with two consecutive losses including one to an NCAA Division I-AA team. Assistant athletic director Lee Moon took over as interim coach for the rest of the season. The Wildcats played their home games in KSU Stadium. They finished with a record of 1–10 overall and a 1–6 in Big Eight Conference play.


1985 Kantalai massacre
The 1985 Kantalai massacre refers to the torture and subsequent murder of 6 Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sri Lankan military.


1985 Kantalai massacre, Murder of family
On 9 November 1985, soldiers belonging to the Sri Lankan military went to the home of Mayilvakanam near a Hindu temple, Kantalai Pillayar Kovil. The military then abducted all 6 members of the house. Later their bodies were found in 4th Mile post area in Allai road. Among the bodies, were two daughters of Mayilvakanam. Postmortem revealed that the two girls were raped before being killed.


1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
The 1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Karnataka to elect 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly. The elections resulted in a spectacular victory for the Janata Party, led by Chief minister Ramakrishna Hegde.


1985 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The 1985 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third season under head coach Dick Scesniak, the Golden Flashes compiled a 3–8 record (2–6 against MAC opponents), finished in ninth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 277 to 212.


1985 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The team's statistical leaders included Eric Wilkerson with 594 rushing yards, Steve Poth with 1,221 passing yards, and Jim Kilbane with 806 receiving yards. Two Kent State players were selected as first-team All-MAC players: defensive lineman Lee Bullington and wide receiver Jim Kilbane.


1985 Kentucky Derby
The 1985 Kentucky Derby was the 111th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 4, 1985, with 108,573 people in attendance.


1985 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1985 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jerry Claiborne, the Wildcats compiled a 5–6 record (1–5 against SEC opponents), finished in ninth place in the SEC, and were outscored by their opponents, 211 to 194.


1985 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The team played its home games in Commonwealth Stadium in Lexington, Kentucky.


1985 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The team's statistical leaders included Bill Ransdell with 1,744 passing yards, Marc Logan with 715 rushing yards, and Cornell Burbage with 418 receiving yards.


1985 Kerry County Council election
An election to Kerry County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 27 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting.


1985 Kildare County Council election
An election to Kildare County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 25 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Kilkenny County Council election
An election to Kilkenny County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 26 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1985 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 91st staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1985 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
Ballyhale Shamrocks won the championship after a 4-18 to 3-13 defeat of Glenmore in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.


1985 King Cup
The 1985 King Cup was the 27th season of the knockout competition since its establishment in 1956. Al-Hilal were the defending champions but they were eliminated by eventual champions Al-Ettifaq in the final. This was the first edition of the competition to have 16 teams participate instead of 32.


1985 King Cup
Al-Ettifaq won their 2nd title after defeating Al-Hilal 1–0 in the final.


1985 King Cup, Round of 16
The matches of the Round of 16 were played on 4 and 5 February 1985.


1985 King Cup, Quarter-finals
The Quarter-final matches were held on 11 and 12 February 1985.


1985 King Cup, Semi-finals
The four winners of the quarter-finals progressed to the semi-finals. The semi-finals were played on 18 February 1985. All times are local, AST (UTC+3).


1985 King Cup, Final
The final was played between Al-Hilal and Al-Ettifaq in the Youth Welfare Stadium in Al-Malaz, Riyadh. Al-Hilal were appearing in their 10th final while Al-Ettifaq were making their 5th appearance in the final.


1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 27 July 1985. It was the 35th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.


1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The winner was Lady Beaverbrook's Petoski, a three-year-old bay colt trained at West Ilsley in Berkshire by Dick Hern and ridden by the Scottish jockey Willie Carson. Petoski's victory was the first in the race for his owner, and the fourth for Hern after Brigadier Gerard (1972), Troy (1979) and Ela-Mana-Mou (1980). in 1982. Troy and Ela-Mana-Mou had also been ridden to victory by Willie Carson.


1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The contenders
The race attracted a field of twelve runners, seven trained in the United Kingdom, two in France, two in Ireland and one in Japan. The favourite was the Henry Cecil-trained Oh So Sharp, a three-year-old filly owned by the Sheikh Mohammed who had won the 1000 Guineas and Epsom Oaks. The Irish challengers were Law Society who had finished second in the Epsom Derby before winning the Irish Derby, and Princess Pati the winner of the 1984 Irish Oaks.


1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The contenders
France was represented by the former Australian Horse of the Year Strawberry Road and Treizieme, a filly who had won the Grand Critérium in 1983. The Japanese challenger was the three-year-old Sirius Symboli, winner of the Japanese Derby. Apart from Oh So Sharp, the best of the British-trained runners appeared to be the Coronation Cup winner Rainbow Quest (accompanied by his pacemaker August) and Petoski, who had recovered from a poor run in the Derby to win the Princess of Wales's Stakes and who was expected to be suited by the prevailing firm ground.


1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The contenders
The other runners were Crazy (Ebor Handicap), Raft (Prix de la Côte Normande) and Infantry (Dee Stakes). A notable absentee was the Derby winner Slip Anchor who had been an intended runner before he was ruled out with a leg injury. Oh So Sharp headed the betting at odds of 4/5 ahead of Law Society (3/1) with Strawberry Road, Petoski and Rainbow Quest next in the betting at 12/1.


1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The race
As expected, August took the lead shortly after the start and set a very fast pace from Infantry. The pacemaker weakened with half a mile to run and was overtaken by Infantry, who led the field into the straight ahead of Oh So Sharp and Rainbow Quest on the outside, with Petoski making progress along the rail. Oh So Sharp took the lead with a furlong to run but was immediately challenged by Rainbow Quest as Willie Carson switched left on Petoski to make his challenge on the outside.


1985 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The race
The favourite successfully repelled the challenge of Rainbow Quest but was caught in the final strides by Petoski who won by a neck with three-quarters of a length back to Rainbow Quest in third place. Law Society finished strongly to take fourth from Raft and Strawberry Road with a gap of four lengths back to the weakening Infantry in seventh. There were further gaps back to Sirius Symboli, Trezieme, Crazy and Princess Pati, with August finishing last. The winning time of 2:26.71 was the second fastest in the race's history up to that time behind Grundy's 2:26.98 in 1975.


1985 Kit Kat Break for World Champions
The 1985 Kit Kat Break for World Champions was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place from 17 to 20 December 1985. Dennis Taylor won the event by defeating Steve Davis 9–5 in the final.


1985 Kit Kat Break for World Champions
The tournament was played at the East Midlands Conference Centre in Nottingham, with all eight of the actively playing winners of the World Snooker Championship as the participants.


1985 Kit Kat Break for World Champions
Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor met in a final for the third time this season. Davis' 10–9 victory in the 1985 Grand Prix had been followed by Taylor's 9–5 win in the 1985 Canadian Masters. Davis achieved a 4–3 lead by the end of the first session of the Kit Kat Break for World Champions final, but Taylor won six of the next seven frames to take the match 9–5.


1985 Kit Kat Break for World Champions
The event had a prize fund of £30,000, with £10,000 awarded to the winner. Taylor compiled the highest break of the event, 126.


1985 Kuwaiti general election
General elections were held in Kuwait on 21 February 1985. A total of 231 candidates contested the election, which saw pro-government candidates remain the largest bloc in Parliament. Voter turnout was 85.1%.


1985 Kvalserien
The 1985 Kvalserien was the 11th edition of the Kvalserien. It determined which team of the participating ones would play in the 1985–86 Elitserien season and which three teams would play in the 1985–86 Swedish Division 1 season.


1985 LFF Lyga
The 1985 LFF Lyga was the 64th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 17 teams, and Ekranas Panevezys won the championship.


1985 LPGA Championship
The 1985 LPGA Championship was held May 30 to June 2 at Jack Nicklaus Golf Center at Kings Island in Mason, Ohio, a suburb northeast of Cincinnati. Played on the Grizzly Course, this was the 31st edition of the LPGA Championship.


1985 LPGA Championship
Nancy Lopez won the second of her three major titles, all at the LPGA Championship. She led wire-to-wire and finished with a final round 65 (−7) for 273 (−15), eight strokes ahead of runner-up Alice Miller. It was her second consecutive victory of the 1985 season.


1985 LPGA Championship
Lopez opened with a first round 65, despite being assessed a two-stroke penalty for slow play. She won her third major on the same course in 1989.


1985 LPGA Tour
The 1985 LPGA Tour was the 36th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 24 to November 10. The season consisted of 35 official money events. Nancy Lopez won the most tournaments, five. She also led the money list with earnings of $416,472.


1985 LPGA Tour
There were five first-time winners in 1985: Kathy Baker, Judy Clark, Penny Hammel, Val Skinner, and Muffin Spencer-Devlin. The season saw the last of JoAnne Carner's 43 LPGA wins and Kathy Whitworth's record 88 LPGA wins.


1985 LPGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1985 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1985 LSU Tigers football team
The 1985 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was led by Bill Arnsparger in his second season and finished with an overall record of nine wins, two losses, and one tie (9–2–1 overall, 4–1–1 in the SEC).


1985 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, at North Carolina
Dalton Hilliard ran for 2 touchdowns and Ron Lewis kicked a school-record 54-yard field goal.


1985 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1985 La Flèche Wallonne was the 49th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 17 April 1985. The race started and finished in Huy. The race was won by Claude Criquielion of the Hitachi team.


1985 Labatt Brier
The 1985 Labatt Brier was held from March 3 to 10 at the Moncton Coliseum in Moncton, New Brunswick.


1985 Labatt Brier
Al Hackner of Northern Ontario defeated Pat Ryan of Alberta to win his second Brier title.


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Pat RyanThird: Gord TrenchieSecond: Don McKenzieLead: Don WalchukAlternate: Don Bartlett


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Paul DevlinThird: Doug MegerSecond: Ken WatsonLead: Dale ReibinAlternate: Jim Topley


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : John BubbsThird: Dave IversonSecond: Cliff LenzLead: Dan HildebrandAlternate: Derek Devlin


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Bryan WightThird: Bob CarruthersSecond: Serge DenisLead: Cy SutherlandAlternate: Gary Mitchell


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Jeff ThomasThird: Geoff CunninghamSecond: John AllanLead: Neil YoungAlternate: Ken Thomas


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Al HacknerThird: Rick LangSecond: Ian TetleyLead: Pat PerroudAlternate: Bruce Kennedy


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Tom HakanssonThird: Peter MacPheeSecond: Stuart MacLeanLead: Dave WallaceAlternate: Bruce Walker


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Earle MorrisThird: Lovel LordSecond: Dave MerklingerLead: Bill FletcherAlternate: Jerry Ciasnocha


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Wayne MathesonThird: Doug WeeksSecond: John LikelyLead: Billy DillonAlternate: Ted MacFadyen


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Don AitkenThird: Robbie MacLeanSecond: Andrew CarterLead: Dan BelliveauAlternate: Hugh Bray


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Eugene HritzukThird: Bob MillerSecond: Nick PaulsenLead: Art PaulsenAlternate: Stan Austman


1985 Labatt Brier, Teams
Skip : Al DelmageThird: Roy GilesSecond: Bill StrainLead: Ron KapickiAlternate: Glenn Jackson


1985 Labatt Brier, Playoffs, Final, The Hackner double
Hackner found himself in a two-point deficit coming into the tenth end, and he was forced to make a very tough double takeout and stick his shooter in order to tie the game. The shot allowed him to steal a point in the extra end when Ryan was heavy with his last stone.


1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election
The results of elections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its "Parliamentary Committee") were announced on 30 October 1985. In addition to the 15 members elected, the Leader (Neil Kinnock), Deputy Leader (Roy Hattersley), Labour Chief Whip (Derek Foster), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (Cledwyn Hughes), and Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (Jack Dormand) were automatically members.


1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election
As a result of the election, Gwyneth Dunwoody lost her place in the cabinet. Hughes and Dobson tied for 15th place, so a run-off election was conducted, in which Hughes beat Dobson by 102 votes to 75.


1985 Ladies European Tour
The 1985 Ladies European Tour was a series of golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world which took place in 1985. The tournaments were sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour (LET).


1985 Ladies European Tour, Tournaments
The table below shows the 1985 schedule. The numbers in brackets after the winners' names show the number of career wins they had on the Ladies European Tour up to and including that event. This is only shown for members of the tour.


1985 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1985 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season.


1985 Lafayette Leopards football team
In their fifth year under head coach Bill Russo, the Leopards compiled a 6–5 record. John Anderson and Ryan Priest were the team captains.


1985 Lafayette Leopards football team
This would be Lafayette's final year as an independent, before joining the Colonial League. Future league football opponents on the Leopards' 1985 schedule included Bucknell, Colgate, Lehigh and (1997-2003) Towson. The league was later renamed Patriot League, and continues to be Lafayette's home conference as of 2020.


1985 Lafayette Leopards football team
Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1985 Lahad Datu ambush
The 1985 Lahad Datu ambush is a series of robbery and random shootings that occurred on 23 September 1985 when 15-20 armed foreign pirates landed on the coast of Lahad Datu and stormed in the town. The pirates shot at random targets, killing at least 21 people and injuring 11 others, and stole some $200,000 from a local bank as well as another $5,000 from the Malaysia Airlines office.


1985 Lahad Datu ambush, Background
Most areas in the east coast of Sabah are known for many Filipino communities, both legal and illegal. These areas have become the haven for pirates from the Philippines and Sabah itself has suffered 10 major attacks since 1976. On 23 September evening, suddenly a number of armed men clad in jungle green uniforms appeared in the town and started to shoot random targets. The shoot-out left the town with destruction and blood could be found anywhere. One of the victims, a pregnant woman, was shot when she was being driven home in a van. The van driver brought her to the hospital but she was pronounced dead on arrival. Another victim, a Chinese, was injured by a gunshot during the raid. During an interviewed with him, he told..


1985 Lahad Datu ambush, Background
While I was walking around a coastal road, I saw eight men dressed in combat uniforms carrying M16 and machine guns running towards the centre of the town. Gunfire was then heard with men running towards me. I then hid in a cafe with the proprietor, huddled under a table and heard the continuous gunshots and explosions. I thought the town was under attack by the Philippine Army. Suddenly, I heard a bullet crashing the window and saw my leg was hit with it. I saw images of my wife and three children and I thought I would never see them again. But later I consider myself fortunate because I lived to see my family. But even so, I cannot help wondering about our government, which can’t seem to defend us against these marauders.


1985 Lahad Datu ambush, Background
The instability of the Philippines has caused major economic problems for Sabah. Philippine army raids against anti-Marcos factions in the Sulu and Mindanao island have left many houses and fields destroyed, forcing an estimated 100,000 Moro people in the Southern Philippines to flee to Sabah. While many who have not left the Philippine islands have involved in criminal activities, mainly on smuggling and armed robbery.


1985 Lahad Datu ambush, Aftermath
After their successful attempt, the pirates later retreated to a jetty where they engaging a group of Malaysian Marine Police. Two of the pirates were wounded during a gun battle with the marine police which their friends still managed to carry their injured friends into two awaiting pump boats as the pirates made their getaway back to the Philippines. In the next day, the Marine Police launched a surprise attacks on an island which believe to be their hide-out and managed to kill five pirates.


1985 Lahad Datu ambush, Aftermath
While the rest of the pirates have escaped to the international border, the police recovered a number of M16 rifles with a whole armoury of assorted weapons. Some ambiguous source alleged in the apparent retaliation, the Royal Malaysian Navy with four ships and three helicopters attacked a Filipino island, bombed the island's settlement, burning houses and killing 53 Filipino residents. The Malaysian Embassy in Manila declined to comment on the report and said the Malaysian embassy has not received any information from the Philippine government or from the Malaysia's capital of Kuala Lumpur.


1985 Lamar Cardinals football team
The 1985 Lamar Cardinals football team represented Lamar University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season as a member of the Southland Conference. The Cardinals played their home games at Cardinal Stadium now named Provost Umphrey Stadium in Beaumont, Texas. Lamar finished the 1985 season with a 3–8 overall record and a 0–6 conference record. The season marked the final year with Ken Stephens as Lamar Cardinals head football coach.


1985 Laois County Council election
An election to Laois County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 25 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Larne Borough Council election
Elections to Larne Borough Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 15 councillors.


1985 Larne Borough Council election, Districts results, Coast Road
1985: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Independent Nationalist


1985 Larne Borough Council election, Districts results, Larne Town
1985: 2 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x Alliance


1985 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview
It was contested by 15 teams, and Alfa won the championship.


1985 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1985 Laurence Olivier Awards were held in 1985 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of London Theatre.


1985 Laurence Olivier Awards, Productions with multiple nominations and awards
The following 18 productions, including one ballet and two operas, received multiple nominations:


1985 Lazio regional election
The Lazio regional election of 1985 took place on 12 May 1985.


1985 Lazio regional election, Events
Christian Democracy resulted the largest party, ahead of the Italian Communist Party. After the election Sebastiano Montali, a Socialist, formed a government which included Christian Democracy. In 1987 Montali was replaced by Bruno Landi, a former Socialist President, who led the Region until 1990.


1985 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1985 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season.


1985 Lehigh Engineers football team
In their tenth and final year under head coach John Whitehead, the Engineers compiled a 5–6 record. Marty Horn and Wes Walton were the team captains.


1985 Lehigh Engineers football team
This would be Lehigh's final year as an independent, before joining the Colonial League. Future league opponents on the Engineers' 1985 schedule included Bucknell, Colgate and Lafayette. The league was later renamed Patriot League, and continues to be Lehigh's home conference as of 2020.


1985 Lehigh Engineers football team
Lehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1985 Leitrim County Council election
An election to Leitrim County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 22 councillors were elected from four electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Lesotho general election
General elections were due to be held in Lesotho in September 1985, the first since the ruling Basotholand National Party declared a state of emergency after annulling the 1970 election, which they had lost to the Basutoland Congress Party. However, the election was boycotted by all parties except for the BNP, which duly won all 60 seats by default.


1985 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill
There was a change of leadership of the Liberal Party of Australia on 5 September 1985 with John Howard replacing Andrew Peacock.


1985 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill
A spill of the deputy leadership of the party took place on that day, Peacock attempting to replace John Howard with his preferred candidate John Moore. The spill was won by Howard over Moore by 38 votes to 31 with 7 members abstaining.


1985 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill
Upon rejection of his candidate for the deputy leadership, Andrew Peacock resigned and was replaced by John Howard as leader defeating Jim Carlton 57 votes to 6. The Deputy leadership was then filled by Neil Brown defeating 11 others (including Moore) for the position.


1985 Liberian coup d'état attempt
The 1985 Liberian coup d'état attempt was staged by General Thomas Quiwonkpa, who had been a leader of the 1980 coup along with President Samuel Doe and later founder of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL). On 12 November 1985, one month after elections were held, Quiwonkpa, supported by about two dozen heavily armed men, covertly entered Liberia through Sierra Leone, and launched a coup against Doe. The coup resulted in a disastrous failure and Quiwonkpa was captured and on November 15 was killed and mutilated by Krahn soldiers loyal to Doe, who reportedly ate parts of his body.


1985 Liberian coup d'état attempt
Samuel Doe also announced in a radio and television broadcast that anyone found on the streets after a 6 p.m. curfew would be considered a rebel and executed immediately.


1985 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia on 15 October 1985. They were the first elections since the 12 April 1980 military coup that brought Samuel Doe to power. During 1984, a new draft constitutional was approved in a referendum, which provided for a 58-member civilian and military Interim National Assembly, headed by Doe as president. After a ban on political parties was lifted, four parties – Doe's National Democratic Party (NDP), the Liberian Action Party, the Unity Party and the Liberia Unification Party – contested the elections.


1985 Liberian general election
Polling was marred by allegations of widespread fraud and rigging. Official results showed that Doe won the presidential election with 50.9% of the vote, just enough to avoid a runoff. His NDP won large majorities in both houses of the Legislature. Many independent observers believed that the Liberian Action Party's Jackson Doe, who officially finished second, was the actual winner. It was later revealed that Doe had the ballots counted in a secret location by his handpicked staff. The period after the elections saw increased human rights abuses, corruption, and ethnic tensions, ultimately leading to the start of the First Liberian Civil War in 1989 and Doe's overthrow and murder in 1990.


1985 Liberian general election, Background
The True Whig Party, founded in 1869, was one of the oldest political parties in the world and the oldest in Africa. In power from 1877, the party was mostly composed of Americo-Liberians, who constituted less than one per cent of the population in the census of 1962. President William Tubman ruled from 1947 until his death in 1971 and William Tolbert continued afterwards, winning the 1975 elections. However, in 1980 he was overthrown in a coup; Master Sergeant led a group of conspirators and removed Tolbert from office on 12 April 1980.


1985 Liberian general election, Background
According to his account, the group wanted to arrest Tolbert and when he resisted, he was shot dead. A counter-insurgency operation on 16 April was put down and Samuel Doe gained full control of the government. Doe's military People Redemption Council (PRC) invoked martial law and took control of all legislative and executive powers. This led to numerous executions, rampant corruption, increasing rate of employment and decreasing health conditions. At the UN General council, the new government announced that elections would be possibly held by 1983. Doe also built his image internationally by having border issues fixed with neighbouring countries and also promised a fair trial to the family of Tolbert.


1985 Liberian general election, Background
During 1984, a new draft constitutional was approved in a referendum, which provided for a 58-member civilian and military Interim National Assembly, headed by Doe as president.


1985 Liberian general election, Electoral system
The bicameral Legislature consisted of a 26-member Senate and a 64-member House of Representatives. Each of the 13 counties elected two Senators and at least two Representatives. Senators served a nine year term and were elected by first-past-the-post voting. Representatives were elected from single-member districts, also by first-past-the-post voting.


1985 Liberian general election, Electoral system
The voting age was 18. Persons of foreign origin, insane and convicted of crimes were not eligible. Candidates for the House of Representatives were required to have been resident in the country for one year before the elections, be a taxpayer and be at least 25 years old. Senate candidates had to be at least 30.


1985 Liberian general election, Campaign
After the ban on political parties was lifted, four parties, namely, Doe's National Democratic Party of Liberia, the Liberian Action Party, the Unity Party and the Liberia Unification Party contested the elections.


1985 Liberian general election, Conduct
Polling was largely peaceful, but marred by allegations of widespread fraud and rigging. Many independent observers believed that the Liberian Action Party's Jackson Doe, who officially finished second, was the actual winner. It was later revealed that Samuel Doe had the ballots counted in a secret location by his handpicked staff.


1985 Liberian general election, Conduct
Though there was no official mission from the United States to validate the fair conduct of the elections, the American Assistant Secretary of State Chester A. Crocker acknowledged that there were widespread irregularities, but pointed out that the narrow margin of victory showed good amount of fair polling and the extended hours of voting proved effective in increasing the voter turnaround. He also pointed out that radio stations and newspapers provided fair coverage to all the four parties that competed.


1985 Liberian general election, Aftermath
Doe was sworn-in as the President on 6 January and a civilian cabinet on 15 January. The period after the elections saw increased human rights abuses, corruption, and ethnic tensions, ultimately leading to the start of the First Liberian Civil War in 1989 and Doe's overthrow and murder in 1990.


1985 Liberty Bowl
The 1985 Liberty Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game held on December 27, 1985, in Memphis, Tennessee, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium. The 27th edition of the Liberty Bowl featured the Baylor Bears of the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Baylor won the game, 21–7.


1985 Liberty Bowl
Baylor entered the game with an 8–3 overall record and 6–2 conference record, led by head coach Grant Teaff. LSU entered the game with a 9–1–1 overall record and 4–1–1 conference record, led by head coach Bill Arnsparger.


1985 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Cody Carlson, the Baylor quarterback, tossed scoring passes of 5 and 15 yards to lead the Bears to a 21–7 win. The Tigers' only score came on a Liberty Bowl-record 79-yard punt return by Norman Jefferson.


1985 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Baylor overcame the 7–0 deficit to lead 10–7 at the half. Baylor raised their lead to 13–7 in the third quarter on a 35-yard field goal by Syler, but missed a chance to increase their lead to 9 points later in the period when Syler was wide right on a 37-yard attempt.


1985 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
With Baylor clinging to a 13–7 edge, Carlson, who alternated with Tom Muecke at quarterback for the Bears, capped a 62-yard fourth-quarter march with a 15-yard scoring strike to the split end John Simpson. Carlson then found Matt Clark alone in the end zone with a two-point conversion pass as the Bears took command, 21–7.


1985 Liberty Bowl, Statistical summary
Rushing (Att.-Yds.-TD): BU - Perry 7-25-0, Rutledge 10-36-0; LSU - Dalton Hillard 20-66-0, Garry James 7-23-0


1985 Liberty Bowl, Statistical summary
Passing (Att.-Comp.-Int.-TD-Yds. ): BU - Cody Carlson 12-9-0-2-161, Tom Muecke 18-9-0-0-113; LSU - Jeff Wickersham 24-11-0-1-95, Mickey Guidry 3-2-0-0-6.


1985 Liberty Bowl, Statistical summary
Receiving (No.-Yds.-TD): BU - John Simpson 3-117-1, Matt Clark 3-31-1; LSU - Garry James 4-25-0, Jean-Batiste 2-23-0.


1985 Liechtenstein referendums
Three referendums were held in Liechtenstein during 1985. The first was held on 3 February on a new hunting law, and was rejected by 62.5% of voters. The second was held on 2 July on increasing the number of seats in the Landtag and had two proposals. Neither gained a majority of votes, so both were rejected. The third was held on 1 December on sexual equality. It also had two options, but both failed to gain a majority and were rejected.


1985 Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito season
Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 1985 season was the club's 55th year of existence, the 32nd year in professional football and the 25th in the top level of professional football in Ecuador.


1985 Ligurian regional election
The Ligurian regional election of 1985 took place on 12 May 1985.


1985 Ligurian regional election, Events
The Italian Communist Party was again the largest party, ahead of Christian Democracy. resulted narrowly ahead of the Italian Communist Party. However, after the election, incumbent President Rinaldo Magnani of the Italian Socialist Party formed a new government with the Christian Democrats and its centrist allies (Pentapartito).


1985 Lilian Cup
The 1985 Lilian Cup was the 4th season of the competition. The four top placed teams for the previous season took part in the competition.


1985 Lilian Cup
The competition was held in two stages. First, the four teams played a round-robin tournament, after which the two top teams played for the cup, while the bottom teams played for the third place. The competition was held between 31 August and 10 September 1985.


1985 Lilian Cup
The competition was won by Beitar Jerusalem, who had beaten Maccabi Petah Tikva 3–1 in the final.


1985 Lilian Cup, Group stage
The matches were played from 31 August to 7 September 1985.


1985 Limavady District Council election
Elections to Limavady Borough Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 15 councillors.


1985 Limavady District Council election, Districts results, Benbradagh
1985: 2 x UUP, 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP


1985 Limerick City Council election
An election to Limerick City Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 17 councillors were elected from four electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.1


1985 Limerick County Council election
An election to Limerick County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 28 councillors were elected from five electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1985 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 91st staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.


1985 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
On 8 September 1985, Kilmallock won the championship after a 3-12 to 1-13 defeat of South Liberties in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first title in ten championship seasons.


1985 Lincolnshire County Council election
The 1985 Lincolnshire County Council election was held on Thursday, 2 May 1985. The whole council of 76 members was up for election and the election resulted in the Conservative Party retaining control of the council with a majority of 2, winning 39 seats.


1985 Lincolnshire County Council election, Results by division
Each electoral division returned one county councillor. The candidate elected to the council in each electoral division is shown in the table below.


1985 Lipton International Players Championships
The 1985 Lipton International Players Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the Miami Masters and was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix and the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. Both the men's and the women's events took place at Laver's International Tennis Resort in Delray Beach, Florida from February 4 through February 18, 1985.


1985 Lipton International Players Championships, Finals, Men's Singles
Tim Mayotte defeated  Scott Davis 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4


1985 Lipton International Players Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Paul Annacone /  Christo van Rensburg defeated  Sherwood Stewart /  Kim Warwick 7–5, 7–5, 6–4


1985 Lipton International Players Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Gigi Fernández /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Kathy Jordan /  Hana Mandlíková 7–6(7–4), 6–2


1985 Lipton International Players Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Heinz Günthardt /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Mike Bauer /  Catherine Tanvier 6–2, 6–2


1985 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Doubles
Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg won in the final 7–5, 7–5, 6–4 in the final against Sherwood Stewart and Kim Warwick.


1985 Lipton International Players Championships – Men's Singles
Tim Mayotte won in the final 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 against Scott Davis.


1985 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Singles
Martina Navratilova won in the final 6–2, 6–4 against Chris Evert-Lloyd.


1985 Lipton International Players Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.