1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
On 12 December Ballyregan Bob risked losing his winning run when taking part in the John Power Showdown at Wembley, a race that included Scurlogue Champ. The run at the time stood at 19 wins and he only needed one win to match the 1974 record set by Westpark Mustard. In an anticlimax Scurlogue Champ failed to finish after pulling up lame leaving Ballyregan Bob to equal the record and annihilate the field. A future BBC TV trophy winner Glenowen Queen trailed in 11¾ behind in second place.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Smokey Pete trained by Kenny Linzell won both the Scottish Greyhound Derby and Edinburgh Cup, during the latter he defeated kennelmate Ballintubber One by a short head. It is the third time the pair have finished 1-2 in a competition following the same in the Select Stakes and Circuit.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland
The Irish Greyhound Board produced figures showing increases in export sales including exporting to Spain. Tico, a black dog by The Stranger out of Derry Linda first ran at Clonmel on 8 July for his breeder Jimmy Morrissey of Carrick-on-Suir and won in impressive fashion by ten lengths, recording 29.86 seconds for the 525 yards course. A few weeks later he came into the charge of Slough trainer, Arthur Hitch. Tico cost his new owner, Alan Smee, £5,000 and had a few acclimatising runs at Wimbledon towards the end of the year.


1985 UK Athletics Championships
The 1985 UK Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for the United Kingdom held at Antrim Stadium, Antrim. It was the second time that a national track and field championship was held in Northern Ireland, after hosting the 1981 event.


1985 UK Athletics Championships
It was the ninth edition of the competition limited to British athletes only, launched as an alternative to the AAA Championships, which was open to foreign competitors. However, due to the fact that the calibre of national competition remained greater at the AAA event, the UK Championships this year were not considered the principal national championship event by some statisticians, such as the National Union of Track Statisticians (NUTS). Many of the athletes below also competed at the 1985 AAA Championships.


1985 UK Athletics Championships
Fatima Whitbread won her fifth consecutive women's javelin throw UK title. Both the men's and women's champions defended in the 5000 metres (Eamonn Martin, Angela Tooby) and shot put (Billy Cole, Judy Oakes), as did men's hammer thrower Dave Smith. Linford Christie and John Regis recorded the same times in both the 100 metres and 200 metres finals. Christie was given the 100 m title while the two shared the 200 m title. Christie was the only athlete at the competition to win two titles.


1985 UK Athletics Championships
The main international track and field competition for the United Kingdom that year was the 1985 European Cup. Three UK champions medalled at that event: Whitbread in the javelin, Angela Tooby in the 10,000 m and Tom McKean in the 800 metres. Derek Redmond was third in the 400 metres at the European competition, despite coming second at the UK race.


1985 UK Championship
The 1985 UK Championship (also known as the 1985 Coral UK Championship for sponsorship reasons) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 15 November and 1 December 1985 at the Guild Hall in Preston, England. The televised stages were shown on the BBC from 25 November through to the end of the championship. The event was sponsored by sports betting company Coral.


1985 UK Championship
Steve Davis won his fourth UK Championship title by defeating Willie Thorne 16–14 in the final. Thorne had led 12–6 and 13–8, but the match turned after Thorne missed a straight blue which would have given him a 14–8 lead. Davis subsequently won the frame and seven of the next eight to clinch the title. Stephen Hendry made his debut in the tournament, aged sixteen, but lost his first qualifying round match 2–9 to Omprakesh Agrawal.


1985 UK Championship
The highest break of the tournament was a 140 made by Willie Thorne during the non-televised stages; the highest break of the televised stages was a 135 made by Neal Foulds.


1985 UK Championship, Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:


1985 UMass Minutemen football team
The 1985 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Bob Stull and played its home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts. The 1985 season was notable as it was Bob Stull's last as coach of the Minutemen, as Stull left after the season to become the head coach at UTEP. UMass finished the season with a record of 7–4 overall and 4–1 in conference play.


1985 UNLV Rebels football team
The 1985 UNLV Rebels football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in the Pacific Coast Athletic Association during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth year under head coach Harvey Hyde, the team compiled a 5–5–1 record.


1985 US Open (tennis)
The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 8, 1985.


1985 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Men's Doubles
Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso defeated  Henri Leconte /  Yannick Noah 6–7(5–7), 7–6(7–1), 7–6(8–6), 6–0


1985 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Women's Doubles
Claudia Kohde-Kilsch /  Helena Suková defeated  Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver 6–7(5–7), 6–2, 6–3


1985 US Open (tennis), Seniors, Mixed Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Heinz Günthardt defeated  Elizabeth Smylie /  John Fitzgerald 6–3, 6–4


1985 US Open (tennis), Juniors, Boys' Doubles
Joey Blake /  Darren Yates defeated  Patrick Flynn /  David Macpherson 3–6, 6–3, 6–4


1985 US Open (tennis), Juniors, Girls' Doubles
Andrea Holíková /  Radka Zrubáková defeated  Mariana Perez-Roldan /  Patricia Tarabini 6–4, 2–6, 7–5


1985 US Open – Men's Doubles
The Men's Doubles tournament at the US Open was held from August 27 to September 8, 1985, on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City, United States. Ken Flach and Robert Seguso won the title, defeating Henri Leconte and Yannick Noah in the final.


1985 US Open – Men's Singles
Ivan Lendl defeated defending champion John McEnroe 7–6(7–1), 6–3, 6–4 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1985 US Open. It was Lendl's first US Open title, following three consecutive runner-up finishes at the tournament.


1985 US Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Ivan Lendl is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1985 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Manuela Maleeva and Tom Gullikson were the defending champions but lost in the second round to Kathleen Horvath and Leif Shiras.


1985 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Martina Navratilova and Heinz Günthardt won in the final 6–3, 6–4 against Elizabeth Smylie and John Fitzgerald.


1985 US Open – Mixed Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1985 US Open – Women's Doubles
Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver were the defending champions but lost in the final 6–7(5–7), 6–2, 6–3 against Claudia Kohde-Kilsch and Helena Suková.


1985 US Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1985 US Open – Women's Singles
Hana Mandlíková defeated the defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 7–6(7–3), 1–6, 7–6(7–2) to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1985 US Open.


1985 US Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual US Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held over several days before the event.


1985 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1985 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships took place between June 15–17 at IUPUI Track and Soccer Stadium on the campus of Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis in Indianapolis, Indiana. The meet was organized by The Athletics Congress. The decathlon and heptathlon were held the two days after the main meet. Marathon National Championships were held at the California International Marathon in December.


1985 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The most notable event at this meet was Willie Banks' world record in the triple jump. The jump occurred almost by accident as the always exuberant Banks took his attempt and rushed out of the pit in order to cheer for his Athletics West teammate Louise Romo, who was finishing her 800 meters race.


1985 USC Trojans football team
The 1985 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1985 USC Trojans football team, 1986 NFL Draft
The following players were drafted into professional football following the season.


1985 USFL Draft
The 1985 USFL Draft was the third Collegiate Draft of the United States Football League (USFL). It took place on January 3, 1985, at the Grand Hyatt Hotel in New York.


1985 USFL Territorial Draft
The 1985 USFL Territorial Draft was the third Territorial Draft of the United States Football League (USFL). It took place on January 3, 1985, at the Grand Hyatt Hotel in New York. Under the previous 2 territorial drafts, each team had 5 designated schools from which to make 25 selections. In this season it was raised to 6 schools per team, which was speculated in the media as a way to allow the New Jersey Generals to sign quarterback Doug Flutie.


1985 USFL season
The 1985 USFL season was the third and final season of the United States Football League (USFL).


1985 USFL season, Rule changes
Adopted instant replay for the 1985 season. Under the instant-replay rule, a team may have one appeal per half in three situations:


1985 USFL season, Rule changes
The team asking for the replay would lose a time out if they were wrong. The replay was available only in games televised by ABC.


1985 USFL season, General news
August 22, 1984, the owners voted to move to a fall schedule starting in 1986.


1985 USFL season, General news
Harry Usher became the new commissioner of the USFL in January 1985.


1985 USFL season, General news
The USFL and the United States Football League Players Association (USFLPA) agreed on a four-year agreement in March 1985.


1985 USFL season, General news
On April 29, 1985, the league's owners voted 13-2 to reaffirm their decision to begin playing a fall season in 1986.


1985 USFL season, Regular season
W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PCT= Winning Percentage, PF= Points For, PA = Points Against


1985 USFL season, Regular season
New Jersey finished ahead of Memphis based on a head-to-head tiebreaker advantage (2-0-0).


1985 USFL season, Playoffs
USFL Championship game July 14 (at East Rutherford, New Jersey)


1985 USSR Chess Championship
The 1985 Soviet Chess Championship was the 52nd edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 22 January to 19 February 1985 in Lvov. The title was won by Mikhail Gurevich. Semifinals took place in Barnaul, Borjomi and Lvov; two First League tournaments (also qualifying to the final) was held at Sverdlovsk and Tashkent.


1985 USSR Chess Championship, Qualifying, Semifinals
Semifinals took place at Barnaul, Borjomi e Lvov in August 1984.


1985 USSR Chess Championship, Final, Play-off
First place was shared by Gavrikov, Gurevich and Chemin. The play-off saw all games end in draws. While the chess officials were ponderingwhat to do next, a journalist announced that there would be no further play and Gurevich would be winner on tie-break from the final contest, what was accepted. So Mikhail Gurevich received the gold medal. Mark Taimanov notes that superior tie-break in the final had never been taken into account before.


1985 UTEP Miners football team
The 1985 UTEP Miners football team was an American football team that represented the University of Texas at El Paso in the Western Athletic Conference during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth year under head coach Bill Yung, the team compiled a 1–10 record.


1985 Uganda Cup
1985 Uganda Cup was the 11th season of the main Ugandan football Cup.


1985 Uganda Cup, Overview
The competition has also been known as the Kakungulu Cup and was won by Express Red Eagles who beat Kampala City Council FC 3–1 in the final. The results are not available for the earlier rounds


1985 Uganda Super League
The 1985 Ugandan Super League was the 18th season of the official Ugandan football championship, the top-level football league of Uganda.


1985 Uganda Super League, Overview
The 1985 Uganda Super League was contested by 14 teams and was won by Kampala City Council FC, while Simba FC and Mbale Heroes were relegated.


1985 Uganda Super League, Leading goalscorer
The top goalscorer in the 1985 season was Frank Kyazze of Kampala City Council FC with 28 goals.


1985 Umbrian regional election
The Umbrian regional election of 1985 took place on 12 May 1985.


1985 Umbrian regional election, Events
The Italian Communist Party was by far the largest party. After the election, Germano Marri, the incumbent Communist President, continued to govern the Region at the head of a left-wing coalition with the Italian Socialist Party (Popular Democratic Front). In 1987 Marri was replaced by Francesco Mandarini, a Communist too.


1985 United Jersey Bank Classic
The 1985 United Jersey Bank Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ramapo College in Mahwah, New Jersey in the United States that was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from August 12 through August 18, 1985. A crowd of 4,083 spectators watched sixth-seeded Kathy Rinaldi win the singles title and earn $26,000 first-prize money.


1985 United Jersey Bank Classic, Finals, Doubles
Kathy Jordan /  Elizabeth Smylie defeated  Claudia Kohde-Kilsch /  Helena Suková 7–6, 6–3


1985 United Kingdom local elections
Local elections were held in the United Kingdom in 1985. The projected share of the vote was Labour 39%, Conservative 32%, Liberal-SDP Alliance 26%. Labour had the largest share of the vote in local council elections for the first time since 1981.


1985 United Kingdom local elections
Both Conservatives and Labour lost some seats to the Liberal-SDP Alliance, who were rebuilding under the leadership of David Owen and enjoying strong showings (including a brief lead) in the opinion polls.


1985 United Kingdom local elections, Summary of results
Alan Clark, writing in his diary for 11th May 1985, shortly after the election, stated:"Some stupid prick has done a 'projection' in one of the heavies showing that the SDP will have a massive overall majority in the House of Commons.."


1985 United Nations Security Council election
The 1985 United Nations Security Council election was held on 17 October 1985 during the Fortieth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Bulgaria, Congo, Ghana, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1986. 1985 marks the first election of Congo and the United Arab Emirates to the Council.


1985 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election.


1985 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:


1985 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. If the vote is inconclusive after the first round, three rounds of restricted voting shall take place, followed by three rounds of unrestricted voting, and so on, until a result has been obtained. In restricted voting, only official candidates may be voted on, while in unrestricted voting, any member of the given regional group, with the exception of current Council members, may be voted on.


1985 United Nations Security Council election, Result
Voting was conducted on a single ballot. Ballots containing more states from a certain region than seats allocated to that region were invalidated.


1985 United Soccer League season
The 1985 USL season was the United Soccer League's second and final season. The season was abruptly canceled after the pre-season League Cup and one regular season game.


1985 United Soccer League season, History
The United Soccer League played its first season in 1984 as the de facto United States second division. The previous second division, the American Soccer League, had collapsed in 1983 and the United Soccer League intended to establish itself as a fiscally sound replacement for the failed league. The USL played the 1984 season with nine teams in three divisions. In February 1985, the North American Soccer League and USL began negotiations to merge the two leagues. On March 5, USL President William Burfeind announced the merger would not take place.


1985 United Soccer League season, History
The NASL collapsed soon afterwards, along with six of the USL franchises. The Oklahoma City Stampede moved to Tulsa and became the Tulsa Tornados and the league added the El Paso/Juarez Gamecocks. The season was scheduled to run from May 19 through August 24. By mid-May, league officials had extensively revamped the schedule. They decided to hold a six-game "cup" schedule beginning at the end of May. The top two teams would then play for the cup title. After a short break, the league planned to continue with a twelve-game regular season.


1985 United Soccer League season, History
This would allow the league to expand the number of teams. Burfeind resigned as league president and Kalman Csapo replaced him. By the end of the six game cup schedule, the league and teams were bankrupt and failed to complete the championship between the two top teams, the South Florida Sun and the Dallas Americans. The league announced the Sun, who had the best record, were cup champions.


1985 United Soccer League season, History
Within days El Paso/Juarez owner, Pedro Meneses, announced that he was dropping out of the league. He paid all debts through the end of June and released his players. Only the thin possibility of a new ownership group taking over the Gamecocks tenuously kept the team in the league. At the same time Dallas had to grant its players a stock participation program and pay back-salaries to keep their team afloat.


1985 United Soccer League season, History, Final USL match
In what should have been the start of the 1985 USL regular season, the Sun rallied to defeat Dallas, 3–1, on Saturday, June 22, 1985 at Lockhart Stadium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Instead, it turned out to be the USL's swan song. Tulsa players had refused to play their match later that night against the Gamecocks, because they had not been paid in six weeks, and issues had also arisen with the Tornados' stadium lease. South Florida were scheduled to host El Paso/Juarez on June 26. Instead on the evening of June 25, the league voted to suspend the remainder of the season.


1985 United Soccer League season, History, Final USL match
Even after the league folded team officials from the Sun tried in vain to carry on as an independent squad by staging exhibitions matches. It was also a last ditch effort to offset their payroll debt. In the end only one match, versus the Haiti national football team, ever materialized. The Sun rallied to win what was to be the final game involving a USL squad, 4-3, on July 4, 1985 before a Lockhart Stadium crowd of 3,529. The match's proceeds were divvied up among the players.


1985 United Soccer League season, League Cup
The league cup was a last minute creation. The United Soccer League had intended to run a twenty-game regular season but when only four teams committed to the season, the league decided to run a six-game cup schedule. This would give league officials time to find more teams for the later eighteen game regular season. Initially, the league intended to have the top two teams in the cup compete in a two-game, home and away series to determine the champion. Because of financial issues, Tulsa failed to show up for a game at Dallas, and the match was subsequently forfeited.


1985 United Soccer League season, League Cup
In the end, the league staged only the six games per team, announcing that the South Florida Sun had won the cup. As a harbinger of what was to come, no actual cup was presented to the team, causing Sun player-coach, Keith Weller, to quip at the time, "There ain't no cup." Ten days later the league folded.


1985 United States House of Representatives elections
There were two elections to the United States House of Representatives to serve in the 99th United States Congress.


1985 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 5, 1985, in two states and one territory. Both seats remained in their respective parties' controls, as Democrat Gerald Baliles held the open seat in Virginia, while Republican incumbent Tom Kean Sr. was reelected in New Jersey.


1985 United States gubernatorial elections, Election results
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1985 United States women's national soccer team
The 1985 United States women's national soccer team was the first USWNT to play international matches. The team played four matches in Jesolo, Italy, at the Mundialito tournament, losing three and drawing one of the matches.


1985 United States women's national soccer team, Creation of the team
A national women's soccer team had been selected in 1982, 1983, and 1984 but never played together. Club teams had represented the United States in international tournaments, with the Dallas Sting winning the first title for the United States at a FIFA-sanctioned world tournament in 1984. With interest growing in women's soccer, about 70 women, mostly players on University teams, were invited to Baton Rouge, Louisiana to participate in the 1985 Olympic Sports Festival, the first time women's soccer was included among the events.


1985 United States women's national soccer team, Creation of the team
As the players sat on the field at the end of the festival, coach Mike Ryan selected a team of 17 players, all under 25 years of age to play in a tournament in Jesolo, Italy. The team was issued men's practice uniforms and practiced for three days at the C.W. Post campus of Long Island University. Team members were each given a pair of cleats and $10 a day for food, and sewed the "USA" decal on the front of their shirts the night before flying to Italy.


1985 United States women's national soccer team, The tournament in Jesolo
The Italians greeted the American team enthusiastically and chanted "Ooosa!" (USA), a pre-game chant that the U.S. team adopted for itself. The U.S. team responded by leading a cheer for the Italian team during a game. The Americans were the guests of honor at a rock concert and Michelle Akers, Emily Pickering, and Linda Gancitano were invited to model clothing for a photo shoot. The Americans were unaccustomed to the large and enthusiastic crowds, numbering several thousand people, attending the games.


1985 United States women's national soccer team, The tournament in Jesolo
All did not go well on the playing field for the American team. In their first match, on August 18, 1985, the Americans, accustomed to a polite women's game as it was then in the United States, were out-played by an experienced and physical Italian team and lost 1–0. Carolina Morace struck the Italians' winning goal. Akers and Pickering missed that game because of injuries. On August 21, the U.S. team found their footing and tied Denmark 2-2, with Akers and Pickering scoring goals. They then lost to England and to Denmark in a rematch.


1985 United States women's national soccer team, Aftermath
The team disbanded after the Jesolo tournament. A national team with several new players and a new coach, Anson Dorrance, reassembled in 1986 to play again in Jesolo and at the national soccer complex in Blaine, Minnesota. The team record was better in 1986, with five wins and two losses.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak
The 1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, referred to as the Barrie tornado outbreak in Canada, was a major tornado outbreak that occurred in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, on May 31, 1985. 44 tornadoes were counted including 14 in Ontario, Canada. It is the largest and most intense tornado outbreak ever to hit this region,  and the worst tornado outbreak in Pennsylvania history in terms of deaths and destruction.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Meteorological synopsis
The upper air pattern was conducive for a major severe weather event in the Great Lakes that Friday, May 31. An unseasonably deep low pressure system at 984 hPa crossed out of the Midwestern U.S. through the day, and then into the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Very warm air surged in ahead of this system. Temperatures reached the upper twenties in Celsius (approximately 80–85 Fahrenheit) across much of southern Ontario, in addition to high dew point levels. An unstable atmosphere (surface based lifted indices around minus 6) was the byproduct of this. Directional wind shear was also present in the warm sector of the storm, in addition to high helicity values and a vorticity maximum approaching the lower lakes.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Meteorological synopsis
The situation was worsened by the presence of copious amounts of moisture, which would allow any storms that could form to become severe rather quickly. Also, this was supportive of the HP (high-precipitation) counterpart of the supercell thunderstorm (Verkaik, 1997). All of this added up to the distinct possibility of severe rotating storms that were messy, hard to see, and extremely dangerous. What was needed now was a trigger, and that came in the form of a trailing cold front behind the low. Severe thunderstorms and isolated tornadoes had already raked parts of the Midwest U.S. (particularly in Iowa and Wisconsin) the day before on May 30, associated with this same cold front (Grazulis, 1990).


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Meteorological synopsis
The day started off on an active note with the warm front moving northwards. A possible tornado was reported near Leamington, accompanied by golfball size hail from widespread severe thunderstorm activity in southwestern Ontario. Following the warm frontal passage, skies cleared rapidly and temperatures quickly began to rise. The cold front began crossing Lake Huron towards the noon hour, and with it several thunderstorms developed shortly after 1:30pm EDT, with the northernmost cell soon becoming most dominant. Environment Canada issued a severe thunderstorm warning at 2:25pm for Bruce County (complementing the special weather statement issued early that morning). At around 2:50pm, an F2 tornado touched down briefly in the Lion's Head area (north of Wiarton) before moving out over Georgian Bay and dissipating.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Meteorological synopsis
At daybreak on May 31, 1985, a strong area of low pressure was centered near Duluth, Minnesota. A cold front extended south from the low across the western Great Lakes and then through Illinois and Missouri. The low tracked across the northern Great Lakes during the afternoon, while the cold front progressed eastward across Indiana and western Ohio. By late afternoon, temperatures had reached 87 degrees at Cleveland, 82 degrees at Youngstown, and 85 degrees at Erie, Pennsylvania. At the same time, conditions in the upper atmosphere continued to become more favorable for an outbreak of severe weather. By early afternoon, thunderstorms developed in Ontario, Canada just ahead of the cold front.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Meteorological synopsis
Despite a forecast for severe thunderstorms, though, the sun shone relentlessly for most of that Friday because of a fourth element: a stable air mass at about 2,000 feet, which served as a "lid" on the brew beneath. Then, at 2:50 p.m., the "lid" moved, and huge cumulonimbus clouds—anvil-topped thunderheads—seemingly appeared out of nowhere all along the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. The storms quickly grew into powerful tornadic supercells.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Storm timeline and aftermath
The outbreak lasted roughly from just before 3 p.m. EDT, when the first tornado touched down in Wiarton, Ontario, until around 12 a.m. EDT when the last reported tornado struck Tobyhanna, Pennsylvania. The peak of the outbreak took place during the early evening hours where the strongest and deadliest tornadoes formed across western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Storm timeline and aftermath
The first of two F4 tornadoes to affect Erie County touched down just west of the Pennsylvania state line around 5 p.m. The tornado moved across the northwestern tip of Crawford County and then entered Erie County near Pennside. After causing considerable damage there, the tornado slammed into Albion leveling the town. A ten-block area was completely destroyed, with nine people being killed. The tornado killed three more people in Cranesville before lifting. There were also 82 injuries, and a total of 309 destroyed buildings. The second F4 to affect Erie County touched down between Wattsburg and Corry in eastern Erie County. This tornado stayed on the ground for 45 miles (72 km) but resulted in no fatalities.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Storm timeline and aftermath
The most famous tornado of this outbreak touched down in Portage County, Ohio, near the Ravenna National Guard Armory at about 6:30 p.m. and cut a 47-mile (76 km) path through Newton Falls, Niles, and Hubbard, Ohio, before entering Pennsylvania. This was the only F5 in the United States in 1985, and the deadliest Ohio tornado since the Xenia F5 during the 1974 Super Outbreak.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Storm timeline and aftermath
90 people were killed in the United States and Canada in the outbreak; the most for an outbreak since the 1974 Super Outbreak, and a mark that stood until the 2011 Super Outbreak. It was the third costliest tornado outbreak in the history of the U.S., where it caused $600 million (2010 U.S. dollars) damage in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. It was also one of the costliest in Canada: damage in Ontario totaled an estimated $400 million USD. The damage would total nearly $1 billion in 2010 U.S. dollars.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Niles, Ohio/Wheatland, Pennsylvania
This extremely violent tornado began in eastern Ohio, and tore directly through the towns of Niles, Ohio and Wheatland, Pennsylvania, producing F5 damage at both locations. The tornado killed 18 people and injured 310, and was the most violent and deadly of the 43 recorded that day. Registering F5 on the Fujita scale, it remains the only F5 in Pennsylvania history, and was also the most violent tornado reported in the United States in 1985.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Niles, Ohio/Wheatland, Pennsylvania
It first touched down in Ohio near the Ravenna Arsenal in Portage County around 6:30 PM EDT. Gathering strength, it moved quickly into Newton Falls in Trumbull County causing F3 to F4 damage through much of the town. While nearly 400 homes were heavily damaged or destroyed, no fatalities were recorded in Newton Falls, due to storm preparedness of local authorities and its tornado siren. Additional homes were completely destroyed as the tornado struck the north side of Lordstown. Continuing east, the tornado reached F5 intensity as it tore through the north side of Niles.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Niles, Ohio/Wheatland, Pennsylvania
Hundreds of homes in the Niles area were destroyed, including several homes with anchor bolts that were swept away with the debris scattered downwind. The Niles Park Plaza shopping center was completely leveled and partially swept away at F5 intensity, with several of the fatalities occurring at that location. Steel girders were buckled at the shopping center, and a nearby retirement home and a skating rink were leveled as well.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Niles, Ohio/Wheatland, Pennsylvania
As the tornado struck an industrial area in Niles, large 30 foot tall metal petroleum storage tanks (each weighing 75,000 pounds) were torn from where they were anchored and thrown, some of which were tossed or bounced considerable distances. One of the tanks was found in the middle of a road, 60 yards from where it originated. The tornado weakened slightly as it tore through the north side of Hubbard and through the center of Coalburg, though many additional homes were still leveled in those areas.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Niles, Ohio/Wheatland, Pennsylvania
As the tornado crossed the state line and reached Wheatland, Pennsylvania, it was a half-mile (0.8 km) wide and had regained F5 strength. A steel-frame trucking plant in Wheatland was completely obliterated and partially swept away at F5 intensity, as the building's steel girder frame was mangled into a pile and pushed off of the foundation. At nearby Wheatland Sheet and Tube, sections of pavement were scoured from the parking lot, and shards of sheet metal and routing slips were left wedged beneath the remaining asphalt. Ninety-five percent of Wheatland's business and residential area were destroyed.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Niles, Ohio/Wheatland, Pennsylvania
According to Storm Data from the National Weather Service, the destruction of the town "resembled that of a bombed-out battle field." Continuing east, the tornado weakened slightly but remained violent as it struck Hermitage, damaging or destroying 71 homes along with the town's airport, destroying several hangars and planes. A wing from one of the planes was found 10 miles away in Mercer. Another trucking steel processing plant were heavily damaged in Hermitage as well. The tornado then destroyed 15 homes and damaged 30 others in the Greenfield area before finally dissipating.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Niles, Ohio/Wheatland, Pennsylvania
In Ohio, it was the deadliest tornado since the Xenia F5 during the Super Outbreak of April 3, 1974. The tornado was also captured on camera by several residents.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
Described as "one of the most impressive tornadic events of the 20th century" by meteorologist and researcher Thomas Grazulis, a massive, high-end F4 tornado tracked for 69 miles (110 kilometers) through dense forest in central Pennsylvania. Near the beginning of its path, a few homes were heavily damaged and some outbuildings were destroyed, but otherwise, the tornado passed entirely through uninhabited areas in the Moshannon and Sproul State Forests. Surveyors estimated the damage path to be at least two and a half miles wide, with more than 90,000 trees obliterated.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
The tornado also generated tremors that set off local seismometers, and even the primitive WSR-57 weather radar in State College picked up a distinct reflectivity spike (also known as a "debris ball"), due to the large amount of trees and other vegetation being uprooted and lifted into the air as the tornado passed through the forest north of Interstate 80.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
The second-deadliest tornado in Pennsylvania history touched down in Trumbull County, Ohio, just yards away from the Pennsylvania state line, and tracked for 56 miles through northwestern Pennsylvania. Rated F4, the tornado struck Jamestown in northwestern Mercer County, Atlantic and Cochranton in southern Crawford County, and Cooperstown in northern Venango County, narrowly missing Oil City to the north before dissipating south of Tionesta in western Forest County.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
One deadly tornado impacted the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Rated F3, the tornado tracked for 39 miles through northern Beaver County and southern Butler County in southwestern Pennsylvania, approximately 20 miles north of Pittsburgh, narrowly missing the northernmost suburbs of the city. In Big Beaver, two people were killed when the Big Beaver Plaza was destroyed, along with more than 100 vehicles in the parking lot. Across the Beaver River from the shopping plaza, 16 antique vehicles were destroyed in a garage on River Road. Despite being rebuilt in 1987, business never recovered at the shopping plaza, which sits vacant today.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
In North Sewickley Township, the tornado struck the junction of PA 65 and PA 588, destroying the Spotlight 88 Drive-In Theater, a gas station, three homes and two other businesses. The drive-in theater was never rebuilt, and the site is used as a flea market today. In Butler County, the tornado crossed Interstate 79, where it blew a southbound van a quarter of a mile off the highway. The family inside the van was ejected, but survived. A trailer park near Evans City was destroyed, as was another trailer on Water Station Road, where two people were killed.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
Near Callery, 40 homes were destroyed. People in the area reported pieces of sheet metal and shreds of pink insulation falling from the sky shortly before the tornado arrived. Near the end of its path, the tornado killed a babysitter and a young girl near Saxonbug, before dissipating near Sarver. In all, this tornado killed nine people, injured 120, and caused more than $10,000,000 of damage in Beaver County.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
Three tornadoes were reported in New York: two in Chautauqua County, and one in St. Lawrence County. The first tornado, rated F4, crossed into New York from Erie County, Pennsylvania, and tracked for 28 miles (16 in Pennsylvania, 12 in New York), striking Clymer and Harmony in southwestern Chautauqua County before dissipating. The second tornado, rated F3, touched down in southeastern Chautauqua County and tracked for 13 miles, striking Kiantone, Carroll and Poland, and narrowly missing Jamestown to the east. The third tornado, rated F1, touched down in northern St. Lawrence County, and was produced by a supercell that crossed into the North Country from Ontario. This tornado tracked for five miles, passing north of Norfolk.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, United States, Other U.S. tornadoes
In all, 65 people were killed in Pennsylvania, which remains the highest death toll in a tornado outbreak in Pennsylvania history.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada
Most of the tornadic activity at this point moved into southern Ontario producing more tornadoes (some of which were significant). These tornadoes formed around the Highway 7 corridor between Lindsay to Madoc (Joe and Leduc, 1993) near the towns of Wagner Lake (F1 at 5:40pm), Reaboro (F1 at 6:05pm), Ida (F2 at 6:20pm), Rice Lake (F3 at 6:25pm), and Minto (F1 at 6:35pm). Most of these tornadoes had conversely shorter paths than the earlier tornadoes, likely as a result of the parent thunderstorms beginning to weaken. In addition, they did not receive as much media attention as the previous tornadoes (those earlier storms were grouped collectively by the media as comprising "The Barrie Tornado"), probably a result of the fact that they didn't have the opportunity to cause as much damage.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada
Even so, at the time these more eastern tornadoes were touching down, a final, more isolated supercell developed near Milverton in eastern Perth County which spawned a tornado at 6:15pm. On the ground for approximately fifteen minutes, this tornado tracked a 33-kilometre (21 mi) path of sporadic F3 damage (mainly to outbuildings) from Alma east-northeast towards the Hillsburgh area. Its path was almost parallel to the Grand Valley/Tottenham tornado only a couple of hours earlier.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
At about the same time the Lion's Head tornado dissipated, two very severe thunderstorms had developed (that likely owed their inception, at least partially, to lake breeze convergence): one to the east of Clinton and another farther to the north, in the Walkerton area. These two developing supercells would grow into a pair of devastating storms within the next hour—likely the most prolific tornado producers in Canadian history to date.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
The second tornado of the day touched down south of Hopeville around 3:45pm, causing some localized F3 damage along its track. This tornado lifted after a 17-kilometre (11 mi) path, but another tornado quickly formed just north of Corbetton, in northern Dufferin County, at about 4:15pm. It stayed over rural areas for most of its 40-kilometre (25 mi) path, however a few homes (especially in the Terra Nova and Mansfield area) sustained F3 damage. It has been disputed whether this path was of two separate tornadoes or just one.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
Shortly after this tornado dissipated, there were hints of another brief touchdown near Angus in the Blackdown Park training area of Canadian Forces Base Borden (north of Alliston). The next tornado was the last of this storm, but was the most infamous one. It formed in southern Simcoe County (Essa Township), less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Highway 400 and the Barrie city limits.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
At approximately 4:00pm, all electrical power in Barrie went out, as the Grand Valley/Tottenham tornado took out the main hydro transformers, southwest of the city (LeGrand, 1990). Few residents were aware of the tornado, but many people were let off work 30–45 minutes before the storm hit due to these power outages. Had this not happened, the death toll would have been higher. The intensifying tornado first obliterated a pine tree forest plantation. Some 10-metre (33 ft) high trees were snapped at the 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) level.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
At this point the damage path was about 600 metres (2,000 ft) wide, moving steadily towards the east-northeast. It then entered the southern part of Barrie shortly before 5:00pm. Visibility was very low as the tornado was cloaked in heavy rain and dust. Extensive F3 and localized F4 damage occurred to an entire square block of homes in the Crawford Street and Patterson Road subdivision. Five people were killed in the area as some homes there were not well-built, and thus collapsed after being pushed off their foundations. Most of the fatalities occurred in homes with no basements, where head and chest trauma resulted from an increased exposure to flying debris.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
Next, the tornado hit an industrial complex (known then as Molson Park). One person died at a tire retreading facility while at least fifteen other businesses were damaged or destroyed (Bruineman, 2010). Steel I-beams were twisted out of shape, and splinters of wood were found embedded into nearby concrete walls. The tornado then proceeded to cross Highway 400 at Essa Road (former Highway 27) interchange, just missing the Barrie Racetrack to the south. The grandstand was heavily damaged and several barns nearby were destroyed.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
A man was killed after he was sucked out of his parked car in an adjacent lot (Bruineman, 2010). Several vehicles traveling on Highway 400 were tossed into the ditch, their drivers escaping with only minor injuries. Highway guard rails were found wrapped around telephone poles nearby. Many cars were also found with puncture holes in their frames, owing to the flying debris. As the tornado crossed the highway, it moved into the Allandale subdivision.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
Many homes sustained severe damage there, with much of their upper floors missing. By this time the tornado's path had narrowed to about 300 metres (980 ft). The track moved from Debra Crescent to Joanne Court with more extensive damage. Near Tower Crescent, the path narrowed to a comparatively small 50 metres (160 ft). On Briar Road, homes sustained only minor damage, indicating that the tornado had weakened, but the next road east, Trillium Crescent, sustained heavy damage indicating that it had strengthened once again. Four warehouses near Highway 11 were ripped apart.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Hopeville to Barrie supercell
It then hit the Tollendal Woods and Minets Point area, taking out the Brentwood Marina and a nearby subdivision. A boy was killed in this area while trying to bicycle home (Bruineman, 2010). More than thirty boats, accompanied by their concrete moorings, were tossed into Lake Simcoe and never to be recovered. The tornado then moved out over Kempenfelt Bay where it became a waterspout for a brief time before weakening out completely. It came very close to the opposite shore, but no damage was reported there. Large quantities of debris from the city were later found floating in the bay, however. Despite the tornado's relatively short path length (under 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)), eight people died in Barrie with 155 injured, and as many as 300 homes were damaged or destroyed.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Grand Valley to Tottenham supercell
The storm which had initially developed east of Clinton produced a new tornado a couple kilometres north of Arthur by 4:15pm. Many power lines and hydro towers were destroyed early in its lifetime (including those used to deliver electricity from the Bruce Nuclear Generating Station to northern and western parts of the Greater Toronto Area). The tornado quickly widened, intensified and reached violent proportions by the time it reached the small crossroads community of Grand Valley just before 4:30pm. At that point the tornado's damage path was approximately 200 metres (660 ft) wide.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Grand Valley to Tottenham supercell
The tornado caused major damage in the small town, where two people were killed. An elderly woman visiting from Scotland died as the home was destroyed, and a man was killed in his pickup truck on a nearby farm (Bruineman, 2010). The worst damage was found along Amaranth Street (running west to east, parallel to the tornado's path) where the local library, three churches, and many other homes were severely damaged or destroyed. Approximately sixty structures in total sustained damage. The most severe was on the north side of the street, where some homes exhibited classic F4 damage. The library roof was found some 200 metres away on a nearby house (Bruineman, 2010).


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Grand Valley to Tottenham supercell
Continuing eastward through more open country, it brushed the northern outskirts of Orangeville about fifteen minutes later (Grazulis, 2001) where the southern portion of the Mono Shopping Plaza completely collapsed (injuring 67 people, one of them seriously). It then caused extensive damage to approximately fifty buildings (many of which were only recently built) about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the town of Tottenham at around 5:00pm. Two more people died here, as an elderly man was crushed under an equipment shed on his farm and a woman was killed in her home (Bruineman, 2010).


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Canada, The Grand Valley to Tottenham supercell
The tornado continued moving to the east-northeast, crossing Highway 400 into York region. It just missed the cities of Newmarket and Bradford before lifting west of Mount Albert at 5:25pm, with a path length in excess of 100 kilometres (62 mi), thus becoming a Canadian record that still stands today. When the earliest tornado track maps were published within the next year, they showed this particular tornado to have tracked almost twice as far towards the Peterborough area before dissipating. In more recent years this theory has proved to be incorrect; it is likely that this supercell was also a cyclic one.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Aftermath
Following the event, ninety people were dead and 281 were injured, as close to a thousand businesses and homes were wiped out (Grazulis, 2001). Still, hundreds more were left out of work largely as a result of the massive damage sustained to the industrial complex in Barrie. Of the 605 homes in the path of these tornadoes, approximately one-third were rendered uninhabitable. One of the more sobering instances was that of a blind Orangeville-area man whose home suffered a similar fate, following a painstaking 20 years of construction (LeGrand, 1990).


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Aftermath
Nevertheless, in the hours following the event, soldiers from "B" and "F" Companies, The Grey and Simcoe Foresters and from Canadian Forces Base in Borden assembled in Barrie to assist in the canvassing of the worst affected areas of the city. Coincidentally, the latter had barely escaped a tornado itself that day, it having momentarily touched down in the Blackdown Park Training Area before lifting again and passing over hundreds of married quarters. In addition, the Grand Valley library (levelled by an F4 tornado) donated books, and wooden pallets were donated by a local trucking company in Barrie so survivors could salvage their possessions.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Aftermath
Most of Grand Valley was completely rebuilt by August 1986, a little over a year later. The textile plant, Albarrie (one of twelve factories completely destroyed by the Barrie tornado) opened its doors once again within the next year. Even so, to this day there are still hints from the past of the tornadoes that day. Some of the wooded areas that were affected are still a twisted mess, and some random debris still remains scattered in the bush to the east of Highway 400 in Barrie.


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Aftermath
In the end, the price tag from the severe weather in Ontario alone reached an estimated $200 million (in unadjusted Canadian dollars, 1985). Correlating to nearly $390 million in Canadian dollars by today's standard, it was a very expensive disaster indeed (LeGrand, 1990). This tornado outbreak ranks among the Southern Ontario tornado outbreak of 2005 and the 1998 Ice Storm as one of the most costly weather disasters to strike Ontario. Climatologists have estimated that the probability of a severe weather outbreak as widespread and catastrophic as this one, occurring this far north and east in North America once again is one in 75,000 (Grazulis, 2001).


1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, Aftermath
On the evening of May 31, 1985, an F1 tornado touched down far to the east of the other twisters from that day at around 8:10 p.m., near Grippen Lake, about 35 kilometres northeast of Kingston, Ontario. This makes it a "14th lost and found tornado".


1985 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
It was contested by 13 teams, and Peñarol won the championship.


1985 Utah State Aggies football team
The 1985 Utah State Aggies football team represented Utah State University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association (PCAA). The Aggies were led by third-year head coach Chris Pella and played their home games at Romney Stadium in Logan, Utah. They finished the season with a record of three wins and eight losses (3–8, 3–4 PCAA).


1985 Utah Utes football team
The 1985 Utah Utes football team represented the University of Utah in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first season under head coach Jim Fassel, the Utes compiled an 8–4 record (5–3 in WAC, third), and outscored their opponents 405 to 343. Home games were played on campus at Rice Stadium in Salt Lake City.


1985 Utah Utes football team
The team's statistical leaders included Larry Egger with 2,988 passing yards, Eddie Johnson with 1,018 rushing yards, and Loren Richey with 971 receiving yards.


1985 Utah Utes football team, NFL draft
Two Utah players were selected in the 1986 NFL Draft, which went twelve rounds (333 selections).


1985 V-League, Semifinals
Two teams from Group B were disqualified , so there was no semifinals


1985 VFA season
The 1985 Victorian Football Association season was the 104th season of the top division of the Australian rules football competition, and the 25th season of second division competition. The Division 1 premiership was won by the Sandringham Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the Grand Final on 22 September by six points; it was Sandringham's third Division 1 premiership, and its first since 1962. The Division 2 premiership was won by Brunswick; it was the club's third Division 2 premiership, and the last premiership in either division ever won by the club.


1985 VFA season, Association membership
During the off-season, the Association's second division contracted from eleven to ten clubs, with Kilsyth leaving the Association. Northcote also temporarily left the Association, but returned prior to the start of the season.


1985 VFA season, Association membership
On 28 November 1984, the Northcote Football Club, one of the Association's longest-serving clubs, announced that it was withdrawing from the Association due to financial pressures. Northcote estimated its annual expenses to compete in Division 2 had increased to $85,000, including $16,000 affiliation costs. The club saw that increasing administrative costs, and upward pressure on player payments which had flowed on from a similar trend in the increasingly professional Victorian Football League had increased its expenses, but that the small and increasingly apathetic population of Northcote was no longer able to finance the club.


1985 VFA season, Association membership
Despite its departure, the club described its financial position as no worse than many other Association clubs, and predicted that other clubs would soon leave the Association for the same reason. Two weeks later, the club joined the Diamond Valley Football League, which it estimated had half of the operating costs of the Association.


1985 VFA season, Association membership
Over the following two months, five past players keen to keep the club in the Association – Arthur Dearing, Ken Harvey, Chris Kozaris, Tom Martin and Dennis Viney – were voted to the Northcote executive committee. The new committee secured readmission to the Association on 12 February 1985. The new committee worked to cover the club's $18,000 debt by seeking new sponsors and attempting to form a coterie group. Additionally, the club gained some revenue from the League's Fitzroy Football Club, which had arranged a deal to train at Northcote Park (while playing home games at Victoria Park, Abbotsford), after having been evicted from the Junction Oval during the summer.


1985 VFA season, Association membership
The Kilsyth Football Club, which had competed in Division 2 for the previous three years with very little success, withdrew from the Association shortly before the season. As had been the case for Northcote, the club struggled with low revenue and high operating costs, and the club had considered leaving prior to the 1984 season for the same reason.


1985 VFA season, Association membership
As late as February, the club still intended to contest the 1985 season and had been included in the fixture, and it tried hard to attract strong local players from the Eastern District Football League to compile a competitive playing list; but it did not succeed, and withdrew from the competition before the season began. It returned to the EDFL in 1986 and remains there as of 2020.


1985 VFA season, Association membership
Four years after expanding the size of Division 1 to twelve teams, the Association decided during the season that the top division would be contracted back to ten teams from the 1986 season. As a consequence, it was determined that the 1985 Division 2 premiers would still earn promotion to Division 1, and that the bottom three from Division 1 would all be relegated.


1985 VFA season, Division 1
The Division 1 home-and-away season was played over eighteen rounds; the top four then contested the finals under the Page–McIntyre system. The finals were played at the Junction Oval.


1985 VFA season, Division 2
The Division 2 home-and-away season was played over eighteen rounds; the top four then contested the finals under the Page–McIntyre system. The finals were played at Junction Oval.


1985 VFA season, Notable events, Interleague matches
The Association played one interleague match during the season, against the Victorian Amateur Football Association. Gary Brice (who had returned Port Melbourne after a season at League club Essendon) continued as Association coach; David Brine (Preston) was captain. The Association no longer fielded a separate Division 2 representative team.


1985 VFL Grand Final
The 1985 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 28 September 1985. It was the 89th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1985 VFL season. The match, attended by 100,042 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 78 points, marking that club's 14th premiership victory.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Background
It was the third consecutive year in which the two clubs met in the premiership decider, with Hawthorn having won the 1983 VFL Grand Final and Essendon having won the 1984 VFL Grand Final


1985 VFL Grand Final, Background
At the conclusion of the home and away season, Essendon had finished first on the VFL ladder with 19 wins and 3 losses. Hawthorn had finished third (behind Footscray) with 15 wins, 6 losses and a draw.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Background
In the finals series in the lead-up to the game, Hawthorn defeated Footscray in the Qualifying Final before meeting the Bombers in the second semi-final, which Essendon convincingly won by 40 points. The Hawks then met Footscray again in the preliminary final, which they won by 10 points to advance to the grand final. The Bombers advanced straight to the grand final on the back of their second semi-final win.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Match summary
The grand final is often remembered for a bench-clearing brawl which broke out on the wing soon after the opening bounce.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Match summary
Essendon edged ahead early and increased its margin slightly at each of the changes, leading by nine points at quarter time, 18 points at half time and 30 points at three quarter time. The Bombers then scored a record 11.3 (69) in the final quarter to completely blow the game open. Paul Salmon kicked six goals for Essendon and Roger Merrett five.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Match summary
Forward Dermott Brereton starred for the Hawks with eight goals, the most ever in a losing grand final side (a record that stood until Gary Ablett's current record of nine goals in Geelong's losing 1989 VFL Grand Final against Hawthorn). Brereton was also reported three times in the game: he received a four match suspension for rough conduct and two counts of striking arising from the brawl.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Match summary
The Norm Smith Medal was awarded to Essendon's Simon Madden for being judged the best player afield.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Match summary
At the conclusion of the game, the 332nd and final game of Hawks great Leigh Matthews' 16-year career, Matthews was chaired off the ground by his teammates.


1985 VFL Grand Final, Match summary
Essendon coach Kevin Sheedy said after the game to his players "It took you five years to play four quarters of football, but I'm patient. It was a wonderful effort of football, the way football should be played."


1985 VFL Grand Final, Match summary
Hawthorn would play in five of the next six grand finals including winning the 1986 VFL Grand Final, while Essendon would have to wait until the 1993 AFL Grand Final before their next Premiership success.


1985 VFL finals series
The 1985 Victorian Football League finals series was the 89th annual edition of the VFL/AFL final series, the Australian rules football tournament staged to determine the winner of the 1985 VFL Premiership season. The series ran over four weekends in September 1985, culminating with the 1985 VFL Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 28 September 1985.


1985 VFL finals series
The top five teams from the 1985 VFL Premiership season qualified for the finals series, which was played using the McIntyre final five system.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches
The system used for the 1985 VFL finals series was the McIntyre final five system system, which had been used continuously by the VFL since 1972.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week one (qualifying and elimination finals), Elimination final (Carlton vs North Melbourne)
The opening match of the 1985 VFL finals series saw fourth-placed Carlton host fifth-placed North Melbourne in the Elimination final at VFL Park. This marked the sixth final between the two sides, having previously met in the Second Semi-final in 1979.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week one (qualifying and elimination finals), Qualifying final (Footscray vs Hawthorn)
The Qualifying final saw second-placed Footscray host Hawthorn at the MCG. This marked the second VFL final between the two sides - having previously met in the 1961 VFL Grand Final, which was won by Hawthorn. The Bulldogs were playing in their first VFL finals series since 1976.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week one (qualifying and elimination finals), Qualifying final (Footscray vs Hawthorn)
The line-ups below were as published in the The Football Record.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week one (qualifying and elimination finals), Qualifying final (Footscray vs Hawthorn)
Footscray made no late changes to the starting line-up, selecting Allen Daniels and Jim Sewell as the interchange players. Hawthorn also made no changes to the starting line-up, but replaced the named interchange players - Paul Abbott and Peter Curran- with emergencies Rodney Eade and Colin Robertson.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
The first semi-final saw Footscray host North Melbourne at the MCG. This was the first meeting between the two clubs in a VFL final.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
The line-ups below were as published in the The Football Record.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
North suffered a major blow before the game when captain Wayne Schimmelbusch was omitted after failing to recover from a torn thigh muscle in time, and ended up being replaced by Kym Hodgeman, with Paul Spargo and David Dwyer being confirmed as the interchange players. Footscray also made one change to its line-up, omitting Neil Peart and replacing him with Jim Sewell. Robert Groenewegen and Stephen MacPherson were the confirmed interchange players.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
Under pressure against a North Melbourne team buzzing from its come-from-behind win against Carlton in the Elimination final, the Bulldogs responded after their previous week's Qualifying final thrashing to end the Kangaroos' season and record their first VFL final victory since 1961.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
The loss of Schimmelbusch was somewhat mitigated by the return of suspended rover Jim Krakouer, who ended up being among North's best players. The first half was filled with free-flowing and vigorous play, as both sides traded goals. By mid-way through the first quarter, Footscray were down two players when Ford and Kellett came off injured within minutes of each other; the former when he was met solidly by Larkin and was stretchered off with concussion, and the latter when he came off the ground with suspected cruciate ligament damage. Despite this, the Bulldogs managed to go into half-time with a three-point lead. The game up to this point had been characterized by swings of momentum as one team would kick a string of goals in a few minutes, then the other would do the same.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
The critical period of the game occurred early in the third quarter, starting at the five-minute mark when Beasley, who had comprehensively outplayed his opponent Fairley, took a superb pack mark. From the set shot, he slotted his fifth to bring up his 100th goal of the season, to the delight of fans and teammates. Then a minute later Daniels, a much-improved player from the previous week, smothered an attempted clearing kick from North defender Law and snapped his second goal. Further goals from Bamblett, Beasley and Royal capped off a ten-minute purple patch for Footscray that pushed the lead out beyond 30 points


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
After the game Bulldogs coach Michael Malthouse expressed his delight with his team's turnaround in form:


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), First semi-final (Footscray vs North Melbourne)
Last week the guys were genuinely embarrassed and they were out today to make amends. We don't want to over emphasise revenge but we will be thinking about Hawthorn and just try to do the right things. [ ... The players] realise that finals are more intense. The sides that win finals are played by guys who want to do it together. Next week will be a different game at a different venue. We have six days to analyse what we will do.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week two (semi-finals), Second semi-final (Essendon vs Hawthorn)
The second semi-final saw minor premiers Essendon host Hawthorn at VFL Park. The two clubs have never met in a final before as the two clubs have never been in a finals series together.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week three (preliminary finals), Preliminary final (Footscray vs Hawthorn)
The Preliminary final saw Footscray host Hawthorn at VFL Park on Saturday, 21 September. This marked the third final between the two sides and second in this series, having previously met in the Qualifying final two weeks earlier.


1985 VFL finals series, Matches, Week four (Grand Final)
This was the third consecutive VFL Grand Final contested between Hawthorn and Essendon.


1985 VFL season
The 1985 Victorian Football League season was the 89th season of the elite Australian rules football competition. This season commenced in March 1985 and concluded on 28 September 1985 with Essendon winning their second consecutive premiership in a third consecutive Grand Final against Hawthorn.


1985 VFL season, Night series
Hawthorn defeated Essendon 11.11 (77) to 10.8 (68) in the final.


1985 Valvettiturai massacre
The 1985 Valvettiturai massacre happened on May 12, 1985 after 2 landmine attacks killed 10 soldiers and an officer in Valvettiturai. 70 minority Sri Lankan Tamil civilians from the town of Valvettithurai (abbreviated as VVT), Sri Lanka were rounded up. They were asked to go inside the town library and then the library was blown up by the Sri Lankan Army killing all of them. The LTTE would later apparently retaliate in Anuradhapura. In the ensuing weeks dozens more Tamil civilians were also killed.


1985 Van Scoy Diamond Mine 500
The 1985 Van Scoy Diamond Mine 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on June 9, 1985, at Pocono International Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania.


1985 Van Scoy Diamond Mine 500, Background
Pocono Raceway is one of six superspeedways to hold NASCAR races; the others are Daytona International Speedway, Michigan International Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway. The standard track at Pocono Raceway is a three-turn superspeedway that is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long. The track's turns are banked differently; the first is banked at 14°, the second turn at 8° and the final turn with 6°. However, each of the three straightaways are banked at 2°.


1985 Van Scoy Diamond Mine 500, Race report
Two hundred laps were completed in three hours and thirty-five minutes. There were three cautions for ten laps. Because there were no caution flags until the 177th lap, the drivers of the race were considered to be the most skilled drivers of the mid-1980s. Bill Elliott defeated Harry Gant by 0.2 seconds in front of 62000 spectators. He earned the pole position with a speed of 152.563 miles per hour (245.526 km/h) while the average speed of the race was 138.974 miles per hour (223.657 km/h).


1985 Van Scoy Diamond Mine 500, Race report
Other notable drivers at this event were: Darrell Waltrip (currently a NASCAR on Fox announcer), Neil Bonnett, Ricky Rudd, Benny Parsons, Rusty Wallace, Richard Petty (son of Lee Petty), Kyle Petty (son of Richard Petty and the father of Adam Petty), and J.D. McDuffie. The majority of the vehicles in the field were Chevrolet automobiles. Geoff Bodine almost won the race but a late pit stop cost him the victory; he ended up in fourth place. Steve Gray would retire after this race; his lone attempt to return to NASCAR for the 1985 running of the Summer 500 (now Sunoco Red Cross Pennsylvania 500) resulted in failing to qualify.


1985 Van Scoy Diamond Mine 500, Race report
Phil Good was the sole representative for the Dodge brand for the race; he would qualify in 39th-place but would improve his position to 30th-place. Good could not continue the race after lap 105 due to an oil leak in his vehicle.


1985 Van Scoy Diamond Mine 500, Race report
Local jeweler Tommy Van Scoy wanted to sponsor this race to get his son into NASCAR; but it didn't work out as planned. Van Scoy's son eventually inherited the jewelry business after his father retired eight years after this race. Ronnie Thomas (who was sponsored by the local country music radio station WXTU) would finish in last place by virtue of an engine problem on the first lap of the race. He would earn $1,175 in race winnings ($2,793.17 when adjusted for inflation). Dale Earnhardt would drop out of the race on lap 3 due to an engine problem.


1985 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1985 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Commodores were led by head coach George MacIntyre in his seventh season and finished the season with a record of three wins, seven losses and one tie (3–7–1 overall, 0–6 in the SEC).


1985 Venetian regional election
The Venetian regional election of 1985 took place on 12 May 1985.


1985 Venetian regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, but for the first time since 1970 it was not able to secure an outright majority. The Venetian League, which would have become a stable political force in the Region, entered for the first time the Regional Council with two regional deputies.


1985 Venetian regional election, Events
After the election Christian Democrat Carlo Bernini, the incumbent President of the Region, formed a government comprising also the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Italian Liberal Party. In 1989 Bernini, appointed minister in Andreotti VI Cabinet, was replaced by Franco Cremonese, another Christian Democrat.


1985 Venezuelan Primera División season
The 1985 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Estudiantes.


1985 Victorian state election
The 1985 Victorian state election, held on Saturday, 2 March 1985, was for the 50th Parliament of Victoria. It was held in the Australian state of Victoria to elect all 88 members of the state's Legislative Assembly and 22 members of the 44-member Legislative Council. Since the previous election, the number of members of the Legislative Assembly was increased by 7 to 88.


1985 Victorian state election
Lindsay Thompson, who led the Liberal Party to a defeat at the 1982 election with a 17-seat swing against it, resigned the leadership of the party on 5 November 1982. He was succeeded by Jeff Kennett. At the election, the incumbent Labor Party government led by John Cain Jr. maintained its electoral support, though the Liberal Party did increase the number of seats. It was the first time since Federation that a Labor government had been reelected in Victoria.


1985 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly
Victorian state election, 2 March 1985Legislative Assembly << 1982–1988 >>


1985 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Council
Victorian state election, 2 March 1985Legislative Council << 1982–1988 >>


1985 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1985 Villanova Wildcats football team represented Villanova University in the 1985 NCAA Division III football season. It was the program's first season since 1980, as the team had been discontinued for four years due to perceived lack of financial resources to compete at the Major College (now Football Bowl Subdivision) level. They were led by first-year head coach Andy Talley. Villanova played a "light" schedule against four Division III opponents and the United States Naval Academy JV team. The Wildcats finished the year 5–0.


1985 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1985 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Cavaliers were led by fourth-year head coach George Welsh and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing tied for third.


1985 Virginia House of Delegates election
The Virginia House of Delegates election of 1985 was held on Tuesday, November 5. Primary elections were held on June 11, 1985.


1985 Virginia Slims Championships
The 1985 Virginia Slims Championships were the fourteenth WTA Tour Championships, the annual tennis tournament for the best female tennis players in singles on the 1985 WTA Tour. It was held in the week of 18 March 1985, in Madison Square Garden in New York City, United States.


1985 Virginia Slims Championships, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver defeated  Claudia Kohde-Kilsch /  Helena Suková, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6


1985 Virginia Slims Championships – Doubles
Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, by defeating Claudia Kohde-Kilsch and Helena Suková 6–7, 6–4, 7–6 in the final.


1985 Virginia Slims Championships – Doubles
It was the 6th Tour Championships, 4th title of the year and 108th overall title for Navratilova, and the 5th Tour Championships, 2nd title of the year and 58th overall title for Shriver, in their respective doubles careers. It was also the 10th title for the pair following the conclusion of the 1984 season.


1985 Virginia Slims Championships – Singles
Martina Navratilova was the defending champion and defended her title against Helena Suková.


1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the 15th season since the foundation of the Women's Tennis Association. It commenced in March 1985, and concluded in March 1986 after 52 events.


1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). It was held in place of the WTA Tour from 1983 until 1987 and featured tournaments that had previously been part of the Toyota Series and the Avon Series. It included the four Grand Slam tournaments and a series of other events. ITF tournaments were not part of the tour, although they awarded points for the WTA World Ranking.


1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The season was dominated by Martina Navratilova, who won 13 tournaments and reached the finals of the four Grand Slam events. She defeated Chris Evert at Wimbledon and the Australian Open. Navratilova also won the Virginia Slims Championships in March and ended the year at World Number 1. Evert, the winner of ten titles in 1985, emerged victorious at Roland-Garros, while Hana Mandlíková won the U.S. Open. Newcomer of the Year Gabriela Sabatini won the first title of her career in Tokyo. In doubles, the pairing of Navratilova and Pam Shriver won the title at Roland-Garros and the Australian Open, Jordan and Smylie won the Wimbledon title and Kohde-Kilsch–Suková were victorious at the US Open.


1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series, Schedule
The table below shows the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series schedule.


1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series, Statistical information, Titles won by player
These tables present the number of singles (S), doubles (D), and mixed doubles (X) titles won by each player and each nation during the season, within all the tournament categories of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series: the Grand Slam tournaments, the Year-end championships and regular events. The players/nations are sorted by:


1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series, Awards
The winners of the 1985 WTA Awards were announced in 1986.


1985 Virginia Slims of California
The 1985 Virginia Slims of California was a women's  tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Oakland, California, in the United States. It was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series and was played from February 18 through February 24, 1985. Sixth-seeded Hana Mandlíková won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of California, Finals, Doubles
Hana Mandlíková /  Wendy Turnbull defeated  Rosalyn Fairbank /  Candy Reynolds 4–6, 7–5 6–1


1985 Virginia Slims of Central New York
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Central New York was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Monticello, New York in the United States. It was part of the 1985 WTA Tour and was played from August 19 through August 25, 1985. It was the first tournament in Monticello and the first in New York to feature both singles and doubles competitions. Second-seeded Barbara Potter won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Central New York, Finals, Doubles
Mercedes Paz /  Gabriela Sabatini defeated  Andrea Holíková /  Kateřina Böhmová 5–7, 6–4, 6–3


1985 Virginia Slims of Chicago
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Chicago was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the UIC Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois in the United States and was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1985 WTA Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held from September 16 through September 22, 1985. Fifth-seeded Bonnie Gadusek won the singles title and earned $27,000 first-prize money.


1985 Virginia Slims of Chicago, Finals, Doubles
Kathy Jordan /  Elizabeth Smylie defeated  Elise Burgin /  JoAnne Russell 6–2, 6–2


1985 Virginia Slims of Dallas
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Dallas, also known as the VS of Dallas, was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Dallas, Texas in the United States. It was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series and was played from March 11 through March 17, 1985. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Dallas, Finals, Doubles
Barbara Potter /  Sharon Walsh defeated  Marcella Mesker /  Pascale Paradis 5–7, 6–4, 7–6


1985 Virginia Slims of Denver
The 1985 VS of Denver was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Denver, Colorado in the United States and part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and  was played from January 14 through January 20, 1985. Sixth-seeded Peanut Louie-Harper won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Denver, Finals, Doubles
Mary Lou Daniels /  Robin White defeated  Leslie Allen /  Sharon Walsh 1–6, 6–4 7–5


1985 Virginia Slims of Florida
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Florida, also known as the VS of Florida, was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Key Biscayne, Florida in the United States that was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was played from January 21 through January 27, 1985. Second-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Florida, Finals, Doubles
Kathy Jordan /  Elizabeth Smylie defeated  Svetlana Parkhomenko /  Larisa Neiland 6–4 7–6


1985 Virginia Slims of Houston
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Houston was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts  in Sugar Land, Houston, Texas in the United States that was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was held from April 28 through May 5, 1985. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Houston, Finals, Doubles
Elise Burgin /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Manuela Maleeva /  Helena Suková 6–1, 3–6, 6–3


1985 Virginia Slims of Indianapolis (March)
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Indianapolis was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Indianapolis Racquet Club in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States and was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and ran from March 4 through March 10, 1985. Third-seeded Kathy Horvath won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Indianapolis (March), Finals, Doubles
Elise Burgin /  Kathy Horvath defeated  Jennifer Mundel /  Molly Van Nostrand 6–4, 6–1


1985 Virginia Slims of Indianapolis (October)
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Indianapolis was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Indianapolis Racquet Club in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States and was part of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and ran from October 7 through October 13, 1985. Second-seeded Bonnie Gadusek won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Indianapolis (October), Finals, Doubles
Bonnie Gadusek /  Mary-Lou Piatek defeated  Penny Barg /  Sandy Collins 6–1, 6–0


1985 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Manhattan Beach Country Club in Manhattan Beach, California in the United States and was part of the Category 4 tier of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 12th edition of the tournament and was held from July 28 through August 4, 1985. Fifth-seeded Claudia Kohde-Kilsch won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles, Finals, Doubles
Claudia Kohde-Kilsch /  Helena Suková defeated  Hana Mandlíková /  Wendy Turnbull 6–4, 6–2


1985 Virginia Slims of New Orleans
The 1985 Virginia Slims of New Orleans was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the UNO Lakefront Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana in the United States that was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from September 23 through September 29, 1985. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of New Orleans, Finals, Doubles
Chris Evert-Lloyd /  Wendy Turnbull defeated  Mary-Lou Piatek /  Anne White 6–1, 6–2


1985 Virginia Slims of Newport
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Newport was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in the United States that was part of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from July 15 through July 21, 1985. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title, her second at the event after 1974.


1985 Virginia Slims of Newport, Finals, Doubles
Chris Evert-Lloyd /  Wendy Turnbull defeated  Pam Shriver /  Elizabeth Smylie 6–4, 7–6


1985 Virginia Slims of Pennsylvania
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Pennsylvania, also known as the VS of Pennsylvania, was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Hershey Racquet Club in Hershey, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was the third edition of the tournament, which was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series, and was played from February 25 through March 3, 1985. Unseeded Robin White won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Pennsylvania, Finals, Doubles
Mary Lou Piatek /  Robin White defeated  Lea Antonoplis /  Wendy White 6–4, 7–6


1985 Virginia Slims of San Diego
The 1985 Virginia Slims of San Diego was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the San Diego Hilton Beach & Tennis Resort in San Diego, California in the United States that was part of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from April 22 through April 28, 1985. Unseeded Annabel Croft won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of San Diego, Finals, Doubles
Candy Reynolds /  Wendy Turnbull defeated  Rosalyn Fairbank /  Susan Leo 6–4, 6–0


1985 Virginia Slims of Utah
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Utah was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Sports Mall in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States that was part of the Category 1+ tier of the 1985 WTA Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was played from September 9 through September 15, 1985. Sixth-seeded Stephanie Rehe won the singles title.


1985 Virginia Slims of Utah, Finals, Doubles
Svetlana Parkhomenko /  Larisa Neiland defeated  Rosalyn Fairbank /  Beverly Mould 7–5, 6–2


1985 Virginia Slims of Washington
The 1985 Virginia Slims of Washington, also known as the VS of Washington, was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Washington, D.C. in the United States that was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 14th edition of the event and was played from January 7 through January 13, 1985. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and $28,000 first-prize money.


1985 Virginia Slims of Washington, Finals, Doubles
Gigi Fernández /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Claudia Kohde-Kilsch /  Helena Suková 6–3, 3–6 6–3


1985 Virginia Tech Hokies football team
The 1985 Virginia Tech Hokies football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Bill Dooley.


1985 Virginia Tech Hokies football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1985 football team.


1985 Virginia gubernatorial election
In the 1985 Virginia gubernatorial election, incumbent Governor Chuck Robb, a Democrat, was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. Jerry Baliles, the Attorney General of Virginia, was nominated by the Democratic Party to run against the Republican nominee, Wyatt B. Durrette. This is the most recent time the Democratic candidate won a gubernatorial race in Virginia with a double-digit margin of victory.


1985 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1985 Virginia lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1985. Democratic nominee Douglas Wilder defeated Republican nominee John Chichester with 51.84% of the vote.


1985 Volta a Catalunya
The 1985 Volta a Catalunya was the 65th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 4 September to 11 September 1985. The race started in Llançà and finished in Salou. The race was won by Robert Millar of the Peugeot team.


1985 Volvo International
The 1985 Volvo International was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Stratton Mountain Resort in Stratton Mountain, Vermont, United States, and was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was held from August 5 through August 12, 1985. First-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title and earned $40,000 first-prize money.


1985 Volvo International, Finals, Doubles
Scott Davis /  David Pate defeated  Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso 3–6, 7–6, 7–6


1985 Volvo International – Doubles
Brian Gottfried and Tomáš Šmíd were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1985 Volvo International – Doubles
Scott Davis and David Pate won in the final 3–6, 7–6, 7–6 against Ken Flach and Robert Seguso.


1985 Volvo International – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1985 Volvo International – Singles
Joakim Nyström was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1985 Volvo International – Singles
John McEnroe won in the final 7–6(7–4), 6–2 against Ivan Lendl.


1985 Volvo International – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1985 Volvo Tennis Los Angeles
The 1985 Volvo Tennis Los Angeles was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California in the United States that was part of the Super Series of the 1985 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the 59th edition of the Pacific Southwest tournament and was held from September 16 through September 22, 1985. Eighth-seeded Paul Annacone won the singles title and the corresponding $50,000 first-prize money. Defending champion Jimmy Connors could not participate due to a suspension for receiving too many fines.


1985 Volvo Tennis Los Angeles, Finals, Doubles
Scott Davis /  Robert Van't Hof defeated  Paul Annacone /  Christo van Rensburg 6–3, 7–6


1985 Vuelta a España
The 40th Edition Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the 3 grand tours, was held from 23 April to 12 May 1985. It consisted of 19 stages covering a total of 3,474 km. The race was won by Pedro Delgado of the Orbea cycling team.


1985 Vuelta a España, Pre-race favourites
The Spanish favourites for the general classification of the race were Pedro Delgado, Faustino Rupérez and Pello Ruiz Cabestany and the potential foreign favourites included Robert Millar - now known as Philippa York, Sean Kelly, Éric Caritoux, Peter Winnen and Gianbattista Baronchelli.


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
In 1985 the Vuelta a España was still held in its April - May slot as the first of the three grand tours of the season. A young Miguel Indurain took the lead on stage 2. Pedro Delgado won stage 6 to the Lagos de Covadonga and took over the race leader's jersey. Delgado lost the lead the following day to Pello Ruiz Cabestany. Robert Millar - now known as Philippa York then took the lead after the tenth stage, a stage won by Kelly.


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
Millar held the lead going into what has become one of the most infamous days in the history of the event, the penultimate day of the race, stage 18. Millar started the day 10 seconds ahead of Colombian Francisco 'Pacho' Rodriguez with Spain's Pello Ruiz Cabestany 65 seconds further behind in third. With the following day’s last stage of the race little more than ceremonial, Millar said to the press, "I just have to stick to Pacho Rodríguez's wheel and it's done."


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
A mountainous stage with three major climbs, Rodriguez tried but was unable to make a successful attack on Millar on the first climb of the day, the Morcuera. At the foot of the second climb, the Cotos, Millar punctured meaning once the puncture had been fixed Millar had to chase to get back to Rodrigues and Cabestany. By the time the riders reached the third climb, Los Leones, Millar had not only reached the main GC favorites, but was also taking their congratulations indicating their submission that the race over as a contest.


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
Millar however was unaware that Delgado, in the mountains around his Segovia hometown that he knew like the back of his hand, had launched an attack. None of the riders in Millar's group made him aware of the attack by Delgado - an elite specialist climber like Millar and in this case with the knowledge of the roads allowing him to descend aggressively. Delgado had support in his break from a second rider, Jose Recio. Delgado had started the day in sixth place and 6 minutes behind Millar.


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
Working with Recio, Delgado was now nearly 7 minutes ahead of Millar on the road. Millar had none of his teammates in this group with the other contenders and was isolated. Recio won the stage and Delgado took overall lead of the race. With the race now referred to as, "The stolen vuelta', from the collusion among the Spanish speaking riders, Millar finished second overall. Peugeot directeur sportif, Roland Berland, said, "It's rotten, the whole peloton was against us. It seems a Spaniard had to win at all costs."


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
L'Équipe's Philip Bouvet stated, Millar was "the victim of a formidable Spanish coalition". Millar said afterwards, "I'll never return to Spain". In the television documentary on York, "The High Life", Millar criticised Berland for his handling of the situation on the road when Delgado attacked. Berland had been unable to negotiate support from other non Spanish speaking teams during the stage to give Millar the required support to chase down Delgado's lead.


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
In 1985 and 1986, a national team of the communist Soviet Union participated in the Vuelta. At the time, it was unusual for Soviet riders to participate in professional races.


1985 Vuelta a España, Race Overview
1985 also saw the participation of the first U.S. professional team sponsored by Rank-Xerox and managed by Robin Morton, the first woman to manage a men's professional cycling team.


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9
The 1985 Vuelta a España was the 40th edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Valladolid, with a prologue individual time trial on 23 April, and Stage 9 occurred on 2 May with a stage to Balneario de Panticosa. The race finished in Salamanca on 12 May.


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Prologue
23 April 1985 — Valladolid to Valladolid, 5.6 km (3.5 mi) (ITT)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 1
24 April 1985 — Valladolid to Zamora, 177 km (110 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 2
25 April 1985 — Zamora to Orense, 262 km (163 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 3
26 April 1985 — Ourense to Santiago de Compostela, 197 km (122 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 4
27 April 1985 — Santiago de Compostela to Lugo, 162 km (101 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 5
28 April 1985 — Lugo to Oviedo, 238 km (148 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 6
29 April 1985 — Oviedo to Lakes of Covadonga, 145 km (90 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 7
30 April 1985 — Cangas de Onís to Alto Campoo, 190 km (120 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 8
1 May 1985 — Aguilar de Campoo to Logroño, 224 km (139 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 9, Stage 9
2 May 1985 — Logroño to Balneario de Panticosa, 253 km (157 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19
The 1985 Vuelta a España was the 40th edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Valladolid, with a prologue individual time trial on 23 April, and Stage 10 occurred on 3 May with a stage from Sabiñánigo. The race finished in Salamanca on 12 May.


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 10
3 May 1985 — Sabiñánigo to Tremp, 209 km (130 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 11
4 May 1985 — Tremp to Andorra, 124 km (77 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 12
5 May 1985 — Andorra to Pal, 16 km (9.9 mi) (ITT)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 13
6 May 1985 — Andorra to Sant Quirze del Vallès, 193 km (120 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 14
7 May 1985 — Valencia to Benidorm, 201 km (125 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 15
8 May 1985 — Benidorm to Albacete, 208 km (129 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 16
9 May 1985 — Albacete to Alcalá de Henares, 252 km (157 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 17
10 May 1985 — Alcalá de Henares to Alcalá de Henares, 43 km (27 mi) (ITT)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 18
11 May 1985 — Alcalá de Henares to Palazuelos de Eresma (Destilerías DYC), 200 km (120 mi)


1985 Vuelta a España, Stage 10 to Stage 19, Stage 19
12 May 1985 — Palazuelos de Eresma (Destilerías DYC) to Salamanca, 175 km (109 mi)