1985 Cook Islands Round Cup
The 1985 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the sixteenth recorded season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands, with any results between 1951 and 1969 currently unknown. Arorangi won the championship, their first recorded championship, and only the second recorded time since the inaugural season in 1950 that the title had not been won by Titikaveka, following Avatiu's victory in the 1980 season.


1985 Cookstown District Council election
Elections to Cookstown District Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used three district electoral areas to elect a total of 16 councillors.


1985 Cookstown District Council election, Districts results, Ballinderry
1985: 2 x DUP, 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP, 1 x UUP


1985 Cookstown District Council election, Districts results, Cookstown Central
1985: 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin


1985 Cookstown District Council election, Districts results, Drum Manor
1985: 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent Unionist


1985 Copa Interamericana
The 1985 Copa Interamericana was the 9th. edition of the Copa Interamericana, played after a 6-year hiatus. The final was contested by Argentine club Argentinos Juniors (champion of 1985 Copa Libertadores) and Trinidad and Tobago team Defence Force F.C. (winner of 1985 CONCACAF Champions' Cup). Unlike previous competitions, the final was played as a single game.


1985 Copa Interamericana
As its name said, the club from T&T was part of the local Defence Force with a solid defensive line that had helped the team finish with no goals conceded in the last CONCACAF competition.


1985 Copa Interamericana
The final was held in National Stadium in Port of Spain, where Argentinos Juniors beat Defence Force 1–0 with goal by Panamanian striker Armando Dely Valdés. Thus, the Argentine side won their first and only Copa Interamericana trophy. Besides, coach Roberto Saporiti equaled José Yudica as the most winning manager of the club, with two titles each.


1985 Copa Libertadores
The 1985 edition of Copa Libertadores was won by Argentinos Juniors, of Argentina for the first time, after defeating América of Colombia in a penalty shootout, following a playoff game after the two-legged final finished level.


1985 Copa Libertadores, Group stage
Club Atlético Independiente were given a bye to the second round as holders.


1985 Copa Libertadores Finals
The 1985 Copa Libertadores de América Finals was the final contested by Argentinian club Argentinos Juniors and Colombian América de Cali. The first leg of the tie was played on 17 October at Estádio Monumental, the second leg played on 22 October at Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero, and the playoff on 24 October at Defensores del Chaco.


1985 Copa Libertadores Finals
After both teams won one game each (by the same score, 1–0), Argentinos Juniors finally crowned champion in the playoff match held in Asunción. The Argentine side defeated América 5–4 via penalty shoot-out, therefore winning their first Copa Libertadores title.


1985 Copa Libertadores Finals, Format
The finals was played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulated the most points —two for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss— after the two legs was crowned champion. If the two teams were tied on points after the second leg, a playoff in a neutral would become the next tie-breaker. Goal difference was used as a last resort.


1985 Copa Libertadores Finals, Aftermath
I did not see the relevance of that achievement at the time. For me, it meant only one cup else because our team entered to the pitch to win whatever be at stake (...) For a club like Argentinos Juniors, winning a Copa Libertadores is very difficult. The club is not like Boca or River. And something similar happened when we won the Copa Interamericana. Who noticed that we won that cup at Trinidad and Tobago? Nobody.


1985 Copa Perú
The 1985 Copa Perú season (Spanish: Copa Perú 1985), the promotion tournament of Peruvian football.


1985 Copa Perú
In this tournament after many qualification rounds, each one of the 24 departments in which Peru is politically divided, qualify a team. Those teams enter in the Regional round (8 groups) by geographical proximity. Some winners went to the Division Intermedia and some others with some runners-up went to the National round and then to the Final round, staged in Lima (the capital).


1985 Copa Perú, Finalists teams
The following list shows the teams that qualified for the Final Stage.


1985 Copa Polla Gol
The Copa Polla Gol 1985 was the 15th edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on January 26, 1985 and concluded on May 8, 1985. First and second level teams took part in the tournament. Colo-Colo won the competition for their fifth time, beating Palestino 1–0 in the final.


1985 Copa Polla Gol
The points system used in the first round of the tournament was; 2 points for the winner but, if the winner team scores 4 or more goals, they won 3 points; in case of a tie, every team took 1 point but, no points for each team if the score were 0–0. The winners of each group, plus the second place of group 3, and the two best second places of the others groups, advanced to the quarterfinals.


1985 Copa de la Liga
The 1985 Copa de la Liga was the third year of Copa de la Liga. The competition started on April 11, 1985 and concluded on June 15, 1985. Due to time constraints, saturation and club pressure, the Copa de la Liga only lasted four years from its introduction in 1982, being cancelled in 1986.


1985 Copa de la Liga, Format
The Copa de la Liga was played by 18 teams of 1984-85 La Liga and the 4 winners of 1984 Copa de la Liga of Segunda División,  Segunda División B and Tercera División. All rounds were played over two legs. The team that had the higher aggregate score over the two legs progressed to the next round. The 1984-85 Copa del Rey winner was exempt until the quarter-finals and the 1984-85 Copa del Rey quarter-final losers were exempt until the second round.


1985 Copa de la Liga, First round
First leg: 11 April 1985. Second leg: 17, 18, 21 and 24 May 1985.


1985 Copa de la Liga, Second round
First leg: 1, 4 and 5 May 1985. Second leg: 7 and 9 May 1985.


1985 Copa de la Liga, Quarter-Finals
First leg: 11 and 12 May 1985. Second leg: 16 and 19 May 1985.


1985 Copa de la Liga, Semi-Finals
First leg: 30 May 1985. Second leg: 2 June 1985.


1985 Copa del Rey Final
The 1985 Copa del Rey Final was the 83rd final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 30 June 1985, being won by Atlético Madrid, who beat Athletic Bilbao 2–1.


1985 Copa del Rey de Baloncesto
The 1985 Copa del Rey was the 49th edition of the Spanish basketball Cup. It was organized by the ACB and its Final Eight was played in Badalona, in the Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona on 27 and 28 November 1984.


1985 Copa del Rey de Baloncesto
This edition was played by the two first qualified teams of the 1984–85 ACB first stage.


1985 Copenhagen bombings
On 22 July 1985, two bombs exploded in a terrorist attack in Copenhagen, Denmark. One of the bombs exploded near the Great Synagogue and a Jewish nursery home and kindergarten, and another at the offices of Northwest Orient Airlines. At least one more bomb, planned for the El Al airline offices, was discovered. One person was killed and 26 people were injured in the attacks. Sweden-based Palestinians Abu Talb and Marten Imandi were sentenced to life imprisonment in Sweden for the bombings, which were part of a series of attacks in 1985 and 1986, while two co-conspirators received lesser sentences of one and six years imprisonment.


1985 Copenhagen bombings, Bombings
The first bomb exploded at the offices of Northwest Orient Airlines, then the sole American airline with offices in Copenhagen, at 10:20. Ten minutes later, at 10:31, the Great Synagogue of Copenhagen, the oldest synagogue in Scandinavia, and the neighboring Meyers Minne Nursing Home were struck by another explosion. In addition, at least one unexploded bomb was located by the police. One of the unexploded bombs was found in a Northwest Orient flight bag pulled from the harbour at Nyhavn. Six foreigners were briefly held for questioning by police, some of whom had attempted to leave the country on the 40-minute hydrofoil boat link to Sweden. Another suspected bomb was reported by news photographers to have been found in a courtyard of Christiansborg Palace, where the Danish Parliament meets.


1985 Copenhagen bombings, Bombings
Danish Prime Minister Poul Schlüter expressed "sorrow that we now experience that Denmark too is hit by terrorist activity," saying that "we have escaped for many years, while unscrupulous men and organizations have spread death and destruction in other European countries."


1985 Copenhagen bombings, Responsibility
The Hezbollah-affiliated Islamic Jihad Organization phoned the Beirut offices of the Associated Press to claim responsibility for the attacks, stating that Denmark had been targeted because it had not been struck in previous attacks. However, many experts believe Hezbollah had been "opportunistic" in the event.


1985 Copenhagen bombings, Responsibility
Abu Talb, one of the perpetrators, was a member of Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, both Palestinian nationalist groups. Some experts linked the attacks to the PFLP-GC, a Palestinian nationalist militant organisation whose member was arrested in Sweden. The Palestinian Popular Struggle Front group has also been implicated as responsible for the attacks.


1985 Copenhagen bombings, Responsibility
In 2000, during the trial for the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing, Talb claimed that his sister-in-law had been shot and killed in Israel directly by the Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. Talb is also mentioned as having links with both the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command and the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, which had both been known to carry out terrorist attacks around the time of the bombing. This, along with all four people arrested for the bombing being Palestinians, suggests that the attack to have been motivated by Palestinian nationalism.


1985 Copenhagen bombings, Investigation and trial
Although traces early on pointed towards Sweden, the breakthrough in the investigation did not come until 1988 when Marten Imandi was arrested in Rødbyhavn while attempting to smuggle three people through Denmark. Police took his fingerprint, which was found to match a fingerprint from the suitcase bomb found in Nyhavn. Police in Uppsala, Sweden thereafter arrested three other suspects. The four men, all Palestinians, were put on trial in Sweden.


1985 Copenhagen bombings, Investigation and trial
One of the suspects, Mahmoud Mougrabi eventually confessed to the attacks, himself having attempted to detonate a bomb at the offices of Israeli airline company El Al before being detected, causing him to defuse the bomb and throw it in the ocean off the Nyhavn harbour. The 15 kilogram bomb, the most powerful of the three bombs was retrieved by police, which together with Mougrabi's testimony was key evidence in the trial. Imandi and Abu Talb were sentenced to life imprisonment in December 1989 as the main perpetrators of the bombings. Mahmoud Mougrabi and his brother Moustafa were sentenced to six and one year imprisonment respectively for co-conspiracy in attacks in 1985 and 1986, including bombings in Stockholm and Amsterdam.


1985 Coppa Italia Final
The 1985 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1984–85 Coppa Italia. The match was played over two legs on 30 June and 3 July 1985 between Sampdoria and Milan. Sampdoria won 3–1 on aggregate.


1985 Cork City Council election
An election to Cork City Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 31 councillors were elected from six electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Cork County Council election
An election to Cork County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 48 councillors were elected from eight electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1985 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 76th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 27 January 1985. The championship began on 12 May 1985 and edned on 18 August 1985.


1985 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
On 18 August 1985, Éire Óg won the championship following a 0-14 to 2-07 defeat of Blackrock in the final at Riverstown Sportsfield. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1979.


1985 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Douglas's Pat Walsh was the championship's top scorer with 5-10.


1985 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship
The 1985 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship was the 88th staging of the Cork Junior A Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board. The championship began on 22 September 1985 and ended on 27 October 1985.


1985 Cork Junior A Hurling Championship
On 27 October 1985, Kilbrittain won the championship following a 5–07 to 1–12 defeat of Cobh in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh. It remains their only championship title.


1985 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1985 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 97th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 27 January 1985. The championship began on 13 April 1985 and ended on 15 September 1985.


1985 Cork Senior Football Championship
Imokilly entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Avondhu in the first game of the championship.


1985 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 15 September 1985, St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 1-10 to 0-09 defeat of Clonakilty in the final. This was their 8th championship title overall and their first title since 1982.


1985 Cork Senior Football Championship
Dave Barry from the St. Finbarr's club was the championship's top scorer with 1-27.


1985 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1985 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 97th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 4 May 1985 and ended on 29 September 1985.


1985 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
St. Finbarr's entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Carbery in the second round.


1985 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 29 September 1985, Blackrock won the championship following a 1-14 to 1-8 defeat of Midleton in the final. This was their 29th championship title overall and their first in six championship seasons.


1985 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1985 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Cornell finished second-to-last in the Ivy League.


1985 Cornell Big Red football team
In its third season under head coach Maxie Baughan, the team compiled a 3–7 record and was outscored 178 to 157. Stuart Mitchell, John Tagliaferri and Dave Van Metre were the team captains. The second win of the year, at Yale on November 9, was the 500th victory in the history of Cornell football.


1985 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell's 2–5 conference record placed seventh in the Ivy League standings. The Big Red outscored Ivy opponents 127 to 108.


1985 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.


1985 Cornwall County Council election
The 1985 Cornwall County Council election for the Cornwall County Council were held on 2 May 1985, as part of the wider 1985 local elections.


1985 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1985 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 49th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Tuesday, January 1. Part of the 1984–85 bowl game season, it matched the eighth-ranked independent Boston College Eagles and the unranked Houston Cougars of the Southwest Conference (SWC). Boston College never trailed and won 45–28.


1985 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Boston College
Boston College quarterback Doug Flutie gained national attention on November 23, when he led the Eagles to a memorable 47–45 win at Miami, in what would be called Hail Flutie. He left school as the NCAA’s all-time passing yardage leader with 10,579 yards, a consensus All-American, and the first quarterback to win the Heisman Trophy in thirteen years. This was BC's first Cotton Bowl appearance in 45 years, since January 1940.


1985 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Houston
Houston shared the Southwest Conference title for the first time since 1979. By virtue of their defeat of conference co-champion SMU during the season, the Cougars made their first Cotton Bowl appearance in five years. SMU defeated Notre Dame in the Aloha Bowl on December 28; the Mustangs finished with ten wins and were eighth in the final AP poll. Houston was the first unranked team to represent the SWC in the Cotton Bowl in seventeen years.


1985 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
The game kicked off shortly after 12:30 p.m. CST, as did the Fiesta Bowl on NBC. The game time temperature in Dallas was 32 °F (0 °C) with gusty winds, freezing rain, and the artificial turf was slick.


1985 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
The Eagles rolled to a 31–14 lead at halftime on Flutie's three touchdown passes (to three different receivers) and a Steve Strachan touchdown, despite the Cougars' two quick ways of scoring touchdowns, one of which occurring when Larry Shepherd caught a Gerald Landry pass for a touchdown with 22 seconds left in the half.


1985 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Raymond Tate narrowed the lead with his touchdown late in the third quarter. Audrey McMillian intercepted a Flutie pass and returned it 25 yards to the end zone to make it 31–28 as the third quarter ended. But the Eagles scored with 5:45 remaining on a Strachan touchdown run. Troy Stradford sealed the game with a touchdown run with 1:06 to go as Boston College won their first Cotton Bowl.


1985 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath
Boston College improved to 10–2 and climbed to fifth in the final AP poll. Through 2020, neither team has returned to the Cotton Bowl Classic.


1985 Country Music Association Awards
The 1985 Country Music Association Awards, 19th Ceremony, was held on October 14, 1985, at the Grand Ole Opry House, Nashville, Tennessee, and was hosted by CMA Award winners Kris Kristofferson and Anne Murray.


1985 County Championship
The 1985 Britannic Assurance County Championship was the 86th officially organised running of the County Championship. Middlesex won the Championship title.


1985 County Championship
The Championship was sponsored by Britannic Assurance for the second time with the winners of the championship receiving £20,000.


1985 Coupe de France Final
The 1985 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Parc des Princes, Paris, on 8 June 1985 that saw AS Monaco FC defeat Paris Saint-Germain F.C. 1–0 thanks to a goal by Bernard Genghini.


1985 Craigavon Borough Council election
Elections to Craigavon Borough Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 26 councillors.


1985 Craigavon Borough Council election, Districts results, Craigavon Central
1985: 3 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Workers' Party


1985 Craigavon Borough Council election, Districts results, Loughside
1985: 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x Workers' Party, 1 x UUP


1985 Craigavon Borough Council election, Districts results, Portadown
1985: 3 x UUP, 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin


1985 Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces
The 4th Criterium of Polish Speedway League Aces was the 1985 version of the Criterium of Polish Speedway Leagues Aces. It took place on March 24 in the Polonia Stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland.


1985 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
The 1985 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré was the 38th edition of the cycle race and was held from 27 May to 3 June 1985. The race started in Annemasse and finished in Avignon. The race was won by Phil Anderson of the Panasonic–Raleigh team.


1985 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Teams
Eleven teams, containing a total of 92 riders, participated in the race:


1985 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season
The 1985 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season was the nineteenth in the club's history. They competed in the NSWRL's 1985 Winfield Cup premiership as well as the 1985 National Panasonic Cup, in which they reached the final.


1985 Cumbria County Council election
Elections to Cumbria County Council were held on 2 May 1985. This was on the same day as other UK county council elections. The whole council of 83 members was up for election and the Labour Party lost control of the council, which fell under no overall control.


1985 Cupa României Final
The 1985 Cupa României Final was the 47th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Steaua București and Universitatea Craiova, and was won by Steaua București after a game with 3 goals. It was the 14th cup for Steaua București.


1985 Curaçao Grand Prix
The 1985 Curaçao Grand Prix  was a one-off Formula 3000 race in Willemstad, Curaçao. The race was organised by the SCCA. The Grand Prix was run in the streets of the city. As the track was very slippery the cars initially used wet weather tires. During the race the cars ran on qualifier tires. John Nielsen won the 58 lap race with a 21-seconds lead over Ivan Capelli.


1985 Curaçao Grand Prix, Plans for potential Formula One race and demise
Around the same time the event organisers planned the event to become part of the Formula One calendar in the future. While the event was praised by press and public, the plans for Formula One race ended as the track would have needed substantial improvements to meet the FIA requirements to host Formula One event. A second Curaçao Grand Prix was scheduled as part of the 1986 International Formula 3000 Championship, but it was eventually dropped from the calendar.


1985 Currie Cup
The 1985 Currie Cup was the 47th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier annual domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.


1985 Currie Cup
The tournament was won by  Western Province for the 26th time; they beat  Northern Transvaal 22–15 in the final in Cape Town.


1985 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
The 1985 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney in Australia and was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. The tournament ran from 14 through 21 October 1985. Top-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.


1985 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships, Finals, Doubles
John Fitzgerald /  Anders Järryd defeated  Mark Edmondson /  Kim Warwick 6–3, 6–2


1985 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships – Doubles
Anders Järryd and Hans Simonsson were the defending champions but only Järryd competed that year with John Fitzgerald.


1985 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships – Doubles
Fitzgerald and Järryd won in the final 6–3, 6–2 against Mark Edmondson and Kim Warwick.


1985 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships – Singles
Anders Järryd was the defending champion but lost in the first round to Bud Schultz.


1985 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships – Singles
Ivan Lendl won in the final 6–4, 6–4, 7–6 against Henri Leconte.


1985 Cypriot legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Cyprus on 8 December 1985. The result was a victory for the Democratic Rally, which won 19 of the 56 seats. Voter turnout was 94.6%.


1985 Czechoslovak presidential election
The 1985 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 22 May 1985. Gustáv Husák was re-elected for his third term and remained in the office until 1989 when he resigned as a result of the Velvet Revolution. Husák was the only candidate.


1985 D.C. National Bank Classic
The 1985 D.C. National Bank Classic was a men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor green clay courts. The event was part of the 1985 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 17th edition of the tournament and was held at Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. from July 15 through July 21, 1985. Third-seeded Yannick Noah won the singles title and earned $35,700 first-prize money.


1985 D.C. National Bank Classic, Finals, Doubles
Hans Gildemeister /  Víctor Pecci defeated  David Graham /  Balázs Taróczy 6–3, 1–6, 6–4


1985 DFB-Pokal Final
The 1985 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1984–85 DFB-Pokal, the 42nd season of Germany's premier knockout football cup competition. It was played on 26 May 1985 at the Olympiastadion in West Berlin. Bayer Uerdingen won the match 2–1 against Bayern Munich to claim their first cup title. This was Bayern's first cup final loss in their eighth final.


1985 DFB-Pokal Final
This match was the first time since 1942 that the cup final was held at the Olympiastadion, where it has taken place every year since.


1985 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
The DFB-Pokal began with 64 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of five rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.


1985 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).


1985 DPR Korea Football League
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Footwiks (talk | contribs) at 09:10, 17 November 2019. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1985 DPR Korea Football League
Statistics of DPR Korea Football League in the 1985 season.


1985 Dallas Cowboys season
The 1985 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise's 26th season in the National Football League. The Cowboys improved on their 9-7 record from 1984 and made the playoffs after a one-year absence. This marked the final postseason appearance for the Cowboys under Tom Landry and Bum Bright, where they were shutout in the divisional playoff game to the Los Angeles Rams. The team holds the record for consecutive winning seasons with 20.


1985 Dallas Cowboys season, Summary
Tom Landry's team got off to a fast start, opening the season with 44-14 trouncing of their longtime nemesis, the Redskins, and later defeating the Steelers (their first victory over Pittsburgh since 1972) to give the team a 5–1 record and an early two-game lead over the rest of the division. However, the team was up and down the rest of the way, finishing out the season 5–5 and allowing both the Giants and Redskins to catch up with them at 10–6.


1985 Dallas Cowboys season, Summary
Two wins each over both the Giants and Redskins allowed the Cowboys to win the division based on the tie-breaking rules. During the inconsistent stretch toward the end of the season, the Cowboys suffered two of the most embarrassing defeats in team history. On November 17, the undefeated Chicago Bears came to Texas Stadium and gave the Cowboys a 44–0 beating that was the worst loss in team history, and it was also the first time in 218 games that the Cowboys had not scored.


1985 Dallas Cowboys season, Summary
Three weeks later the team traveled to Cincinnati, where the Bengals handed them a 50–24 loss, piling up 570 yards in the process, the most yards the Cowboys had given up in team history. The Cowboys proved to be a resilient bunch however, winning a crucial game at home against the Giants the following week that gave them their first division title since 1981, and the final for Tom Landry. That game would prove to be the last highlight of the season, as the team was shut out in the playoffs for the first time in team history, 20–0, by the Rams in Anaheim, California, which would prove to be the final playoff appearance for the Cowboys under Landry.


1985 Dallas Cowboys season, Summary
With the previous season's quarterback controversy behind him, Danny White led the Cowboys' passing game to number three overall in the league. Wide receiver Tony Hill posted career highs in receptions and receiving yards, and Mike Renfro blossomed in his second season with the Cowboys. Tight end Doug Cosbie had another Pro Bowl season. Turnovers proved to be a problem though, as White and backup quarterback Gary Hogeboom combined to throw 24 interceptions.


1985 Dallas Cowboys season, Summary
Running back Tony Dorsett was the only reliable ball carrier on the roster, rushing for 1,307 yards on the season, and going over 10,000 yards for his career. On the defensive side of the ball, the Cowboys registered 62 sacks and 33 interceptions, with cornerback Everson Walls becoming the first player to ever lead the league in interceptions three times, with nine. The big plays covered up a pass defense that ranked 27th in the league, and a defense that ranked 23rd overall. The secondary allowed big plays through the air throughout the season, and the defense allowed running back Eric Dickerson to rush for a playoff record 248 yards in their playoff game against the Rams.


1985 Danish 1st Division
The 1985 Danish 1st Division season was the 40th season of the Danish 1st Division league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association.


1985 Danish 1st Division
The Danish champions qualified for the European Cup 1986-87 qualification, while the second placed team qualified for the qualification round of the UEFA Cup 1986-87. The four lowest placed teams of the tournament was directly relegated to the Danish 2nd Division. Likewise, the Danish 2nd Division champions and runners-up were promoted to the 1st Division.


1985 Danish local elections
The Danish local elections of 1985 were held on 19 November 1985. 4773 municipal council members were elected to the 1986 - 1989 term of office in the 275 municipalities, as well as members of the 14 counties of Denmark.


1985 Dartmouth Big Green football team
The 1985 Dartmouth Big Green football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College during the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Dartmouth finished sixth in the Ivy League.


1985 Dartmouth Big Green football team
In their eighth season under head coach Joe Yukica, the Big Green compiled a 2–7–1 record and were outscored 199 to 144. Robert Brown and Leonard Fontes were the team captains.


1985 Dartmouth Big Green football team
The Big Green's 2–4–1 conference record placed sixth in the Ivy League standings. Dartmouth was outscored 105 to 95 by Ivy opponents.


1985 Dartmouth Big Green football team
Dartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1985 Davis Cup
The 1985 Davis Cup (also known as the 1985 Davis Cup by NEC for sponsorship purposes) was the 74th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 63 teams would enter the competition, 16 in the World Group, 27 in the Europe Zone, 12 in the Eastern Zone, and 8 in the Americas Zone. Cyprus made its first appearance in the tournament.


1985 Davis Cup
Sweden defeated West Germany in the final, held at the Olympiahalle in Munich, West Germany, on 20–22 December, to win their 2nd consecutive Davis Cup title and 3rd overall.


1985 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1985 Davis Cup.


1985 Davis Cup Americas Zone
8 teams entered the Americas Zone in total, with the winner promoted to the following year's World Group. Mexico defeated Brazil in the final and qualified for the 1986 World Group.


1985 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1985 Davis Cup.


1985 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
12 teams entered the Eastern Zone in total, with the winner promoted to the following year's World Group. New Zealand defeated South Korea in the final and qualified for the 1986 World Group.


1985 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1985 Davis Cup.


1985 Davis Cup Europe Zone
27 teams entered the Europe Zone in total, split across two sub-zones. The winner of each sub-zone was promoted to the following year's World Group.


1985 Davis Cup Europe Zone
Denmark defeated Romania in the Zone A final, and Great Britain defeated Israel in the Zone B final, resulting in both Denmark and Great Britain being promoted to the 1986 World Group.


1985 Davis Cup World Group
The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 1985.


1985 Davis Cup World Group
Sweden were the defending champions and won the title, defeating West Germany in the final, 3–2. The final was held at the Olympiahalle in Munich, West Germany, from 20 to 22 December. It was the Swedish team's second consecutive title and their 3rd Davis Cup title overall.


1985 Davis Cup World Group, Relegation play-offs
The first-round losers played in the Relegation Play-offs. The winners of the play-offs advanced to the 1986 Davis Cup World Group, and the losers were relegated to their respective Zonal Regions.


1985 Daytona 500
The 1985 Daytona 500, the 27th running of the event, was held on February 17, 1985, at Daytona International Speedway, in Daytona Beach, Florida.


1985 Daytona 500, Race report
Bill Elliott won the pole at a then-record speed of 205.114 mph. After a mediocre run in the Busch Clash, Elliott nearly lapped the field in his 125-mile qualifying race, then thoroughly dominated the Daytona 500, leading 136 of the 200 laps in his #9 Coors/Melling Ford Thunderbird. The race restarted on the last lap after a Neil Bonnett spin out with less than four laps to go; Bonnett got out of his car and was credited for a 10th-place finish. The race saw a number of engine problems, which knocked many of the contenders, including former Daytona 500 winners David Pearson, AJ Foyt, Benny Parsons, Bobby Allison, and two-time defending race winner Cale Yarborough, who was trying to win his third straight Daytona 500 victory.


1985 Daytona 500, Race report
The only car that could consistently run with Elliott was Cale Yarborough, and when his engine went up in smoke on lap 62 the race was for all intents and purposes over. Hendrick Motorsports landed its first big-time full-season sponsorship for 1985 with Levi Garrett chewing tobacco coming aboard to sponsor the #5 Chevrolet of Geoff Bodine. The car's first points race in its new yellow-and-white paint scheme saw Bodine post a solid top-10 run, kicking off a several-year partnership.


1985 Daytona 500, Race report
There were 12 cars that were knocked out just from engine problems; with a lot of big names affected (Neil Bonnett, who somehow finished 10th even with a blown engine; defending champion Terry Labonte; both Parsons brothers; Kyle Petty; Harry Gant; David Pearson; Bobby Allison and 2-time defending Daytona 500 champion Cale Yarborough among them).


1985 Daytona 500, Finishing Order
(5) Indicates 5 bonus points added to normal race points scored for leading 1 lap(10) Indicates 10 bonus points added to normal race points scored for leading 1 lap & leading the most laps


1985 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1985 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team represented the University of Delaware in the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season, as an Independent. They were led by Tubby Raymond, who was in his 20th season as head coach of the Fightin' Blue Hens. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.


1985 Denver Broncos season
The 1985 Denver Broncos season was the team's 26th year in professional football and its 16th with the National Football League (NFL). Despite finishing with an impressive record of eleven wins and five losses, the Broncos failed to make the playoffs. The Broncos were coming off a loss to the Steelers in the divisional round, and were picked by many to make the Super Bowl at the end of the 1985 season.


1985 Denver Broncos season
The Broncos would start out well, as they started 6-2 and 8-3. However, two losses in overtime to arch rival Los Angeles resulted in the Broncos needing to win their final two games of the season to try to sneak into the playoffs. They did just that, beating Kansas City 14-13 and Seattle 27-24. However, even though the Broncos finished 11-5, they failed to reach the playoffs by virtue of a tiebreaker with the New England Patriots.


1985 Denver Broncos season
The tiebreaker was based on the teams' common opponents record; and the Patriots beat the Broncos in that category by finishing 4-2 against the Raiders, Seahawks, Dolphins, and Colts, while the Broncos finished just 3-3 against the same four teams. The 1985 Broncos are one of two teams in NFL history since the 1970 merger to end the season with eleven or more wins and not qualify for the playoffs - the other is the 2008 Patriots.


1985 Derry City Council election
Elections to Derry City Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used five district electoral areas to elect a total of 30 councillors.


1985 Derry City Council election, Districts results, Northland
1985: 3 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x UUP, 1 x IIP


1985 Detroit Grand Prix
The 1985 Detroit Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on June 23, 1985, in Detroit, Michigan. It was the sixth round of the 1985 FIA Formula One World Championship and the fourth Detroit Grand Prix. The race was held over 63 laps of the seven kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 260 kilometres.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix
For the first time in ten years, the United States hosted only one Grand Prix. Finland's Keke Rosberg (Williams FW10) took the lead from pole-sitter Ayrton Senna (Lotus 97T) on lap eight, avoided the tire and brake problems that plagued the other front-runners and held off the Ferrari 156/85s of Stefan Johansson and Michele Alboreto to win. Stefan Bellof earned a scintillating fourth place in his Tyrrell 012, scoring the last points for the legendary Cosworth-Ford DFV engine until 1988. It was the fourth Formula One Grand Prix victory for the 1982 World Champion. Alboreto's third place allowed him to expand his points lead over Lotus driver Elio de Angelis to seven points. Eventual 1985 World Champion Alain Prost was now nine points behind Alboreto and as far from the championship as he would get all year.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
The street circuit used for this Grand Prix laid out in the center of Detroit had been modified a little- the inside wall at the left-right sequence of corners on Beaubien Street between Congress Street and the notoriously bumpy Larned Street had been moved closer to the street itself, which made the right hander transitioning between Beaubien and Larned Streets slower than before. A bridge connecting 2 buildings flanking Larned Street had also been built; which actually hid the worst bumps on Larned from camera view- although these bumps were made obvious to viewers by the car's undertrays creating sparks thanks to the cars bouncing over these bumps rather violently.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
In Friday qualifying, Senna's nimble Lotus, well suited to the track, was easily quickest in both sessions, averaging 88.183 mph (141.917 km/h), nearly 1.2 seconds clear of Nigel Mansell's Williams. Still, changes to the course meant that Senna's time was over a second slower than Nelson Piquet's pole-winning time from the previous year. The Ferraris of Alboreto and Johansson were in third and ninth place, as Alboreto said, "Our suspension does not absorb the bumps nearly as well as the Lotus. I have trouble getting the power down, which is necessary between the slow corners."


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
Rain on Saturday meant that the Friday times would determine the grid, and the teams would be without a much-needed second day of practice although Gerhard Berger had to set his qualifying time on the Saturday as he didn't set a time on Friday after crashing twice before he could set a time.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
The Williams teammates used different tyre compounds in qualifying and were over a second apart on the grid. Rosberg, on qualifiers, was fifth, while Mansell chose the softer race compound and placed second. This revelation led Rosberg to gamble on using the soft race rubber for the race, while everyone else had the harder compound. Aided by a cool breeze on Sunday, this decision played an important role in the race's outcome.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
Sunday was warm, humid, clear and breezy with a large and enthusiastic crowd. Unlike the 1984 race, the drivers made a clean start, as Mansell got away well on the outside and took the first corner ahead of Senna. In Turn 2, however, Senna took the lead back, and by the end of the first lap, Rosberg had also gotten around Mansell. After one lap, Senna and Rosberg were opening a gap to Mansell, Prost, Alboreto, Derek Warwick, Elio de Angelis, Johansson, Piquet and Lauda. The Tyrrells of Bellof and Martin Brundle, down on power to the turbos but always extremely well suited to the tight Detroit circuit, each moved up six places on the first lap to 12th and 13th.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
But as the race went on, the track was already beginning to break up, with the worst break up at Turn 2. By lap seven, Senna and Rosberg led Mansell by seven seconds. On lap eight, Senna surrendered the lead when he pitted for tires; regretting his gamble to try to run much of the race on one set of tires, relying on his car's superior performance to all of the other cars. Warwick had dropped back steadily, eventually retiring with a broken driveshaft, while the McLarens of Prost and Lauda quickly experienced brake problems. Lauda made it back to the pits to retire with no brakes on lap 10, but when Prost had the same problem on lap 20, he was unable to slow for Turn 2 and slid into the tyre wall.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
De Angelis, on the other hand, was making steady progress. He took fourth when Senna pitted, then passed Alboreto for third and began closing the gap to Mansell, who also was struggling with overheating brakes. On lap 20, with Rosberg's lead at 24 seconds, de Angelis got around Mansell to take second place. Mansell pitted on lap 24 after losing another position to Johansson. He returned in ninth place only to retire immediately when he hit the wall hard in Turn 2.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
As he was about to be lapped, Gerhard Berger damaged the nose of de Angelis' Lotus when he closed the door on the Italian. When de Angelis pitted for tires and a new nose, the Tyrrells were nose to tail in fourth and fifth, hounding the Ferrari of Alboreto. Approaching Turn 16 on lap 31, Philippe Alliot moved over to let Alboreto through but didn't see Brundle right behind. When Alliot moved back to the racing line, Brundle had nowhere to go and hit the wall in a shower of sparks.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
At the halfway point, Rosberg led Johansson by 33 seconds. Alboreto was another 10 seconds back, followed by Bellof, Senna and de Angelis. Several successive fastest laps by Senna allowed him to overtake Bellof and then quickly close the gap to Alboreto.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
Entering Turn 2, where the surface was beginning to break up and where both Prost and Mansell had crashed, Alboreto stayed right, away from the racing line and the bad patch at the apex. Senna charged through on the left, got on the marbles, and hit the wall exactly as the others had done, while Alboreto continued, minus the threat to his third place. Meanwhile, Rosberg, secure in the lead, had noticed his water temperature climbing. When a member of the crew noticed something caught in his radiator, he pitted to have it removed.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
The crew also gave him new tyres, which he didn't want because Johansson was not far behind. Rosberg blasted out of the pits and just managed to beat the Ferrari to the first corner. Spurred on by the chance for his first win, Johansson hounded the Williams until, with just three laps to go, a brake disc broke up and he began to crawl around the circuit, hoping to make the finish.


1985 Detroit Grand Prix, Summary
Alboreto, in third, had also been trying to save his brakes, but he now had to contend with a charging Bellof. With two laps to go, the West German had the Tyrrell right on Alboreto's tail, waiting for a mistake. Just as he was about to go by, however, Bellof's clutch began slipping, and he had to be content to follow the Ferrari home, scoring the last points for Ford-Cosworth DFV engine in Formula One. De Angelis, the last driver on the lead lap took fifth place, and Piquet brought the Brabham home in sixth.


1985 Detroit Lions season
The 1985 Detroit Lions season was their 56th in the National Football League. In Darryl Rogers first year as head coach, the team improved upon their previous season's output of 4–11–1, winning seven games. The Lions beat four playoff teams at home, Dallas, San Francisco, Miami, and the N.Y. Jets, but lost to Tampa Bay and Indianapolis on the road. The Lions stood at 5-3 at the halfway point of the season. But despite the improvement, the team went winless in December (0-3) and missed the playoffs for the second straight year with a 7-9 record.


1985 Detroit Tigers season
The 1985 Detroit Tigers finished in third place in the American League Eastern Division with a record of 84-77 (.522), 15 games behind the Blue Jays. The Tigers outscored their opponents 729 to 688. The Tigers drew 2,286,609 fans to Tiger Stadium in 1983, ranking 3rd of the 14 teams in the American League.


1985 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1985 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1985 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1985 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1985 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W= Wins; L= Losses; SV = Saves; GF = Games Finished; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1985 Detroit Tigers season, Players ranking among top 100 all time at position
The following members of the 1985 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 of all time at their position, as ranked by The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract:


1985 Deutschen Produktionswagen Meisterschaft
The 1985 Deutschen Produktionswagen Meisterschaft was the second season of premier German touring car championship and also second season under the moniker of Deutschen Produktionswagen Meisterschaft.


1985 Dominican general election
General elections were held in Dominica on 1 July 1985. The result was a victory for the Dominica Freedom Party, which won 15 of the 21 seats. Voter turnout was 74.6%.


1985 Donegal County Council election
An election to Donegal County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 29 councillors were elected from six electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a five-year term of office.


1985 Donnay Indoor Championships
The 1985 Donnay Indoor Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Forest National in Brussels, Belgium the event was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 11 March until 17 March 1985. Second-seeded Anders Järryd won the singles title.


1985 Donnay Indoor Championships, Finals, Doubles
Stefan Edberg /  Anders Järryd defeated  Kevin Curren /  Wojciech Fibak, 6–3, 7–6


1985 Donnay Indoor Championships – Doubles
Tim Gullikson and Tom Gullikson were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.


1985 Donnay Indoor Championships – Doubles
Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd won the title, defeating Kevin Curren and Wojtek Fibak 6–3, 7–6 in the final.


1985 Donnay Indoor Championships – Singles
John McEnroe was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.


1985 Donnay Indoor Championships – Singles
Anders Järryd won the title, defeating Mats Wilander 6–4, 3–6, 7–5 in the final.


1985 Down District Council election
Elections to Down District Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 23 councillors.


1985 Down District Council election, Districts results, Downpatrick
1985: 4 x SDLP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x Workers' Party


1985 Down District Council election, Districts results, Newcastle
1985: 3 x SDLP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP


1985 Dublin City Council election
An election to Dublin City Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 52 councillors were elected from twelve electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office.


1985 Dublin County Council election
An election to Dublin County Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of that year's Irish local elections. councillors were elected from  electoral divisions by PR-STV voting for a six-year term of office. This was the penultimate election to Dublin County Council.


1985 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1985 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1985 Dungannon District Council election
Elections to Dungannon District Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 22 councillors.


1985 Dungannon District Council election, Districts results, Clogher Valley
1985: 2 x UUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP


1985 Dungannon District Council election, Districts results, Dungannon Town
1985: 2 x UUP, 1 x Sinn Féin, 1 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent Nationalist


1985 Dungannon District Council election, Districts results, Torrent
1985: 2 x Sinn Féin, 2 x SDLP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Independent Nationalist


1985 Dunhill Cup
The 1985 Dunhill Cup was the first Dunhill Cup. It was a team tournament featuring 16 countries, each represented by three players. The Cup was played 17–20 October at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland. The sponsor was the Alfred Dunhill company. The Australian team of David Graham, Graham Marsh, and Greg Norman beat the American team of Raymond Floyd, Mark O'Meara, and Curtis Strange in the final.


1985 Dunhill Cup, Format
The Cup was played as a single-elimination, match play event played over four days. The top eight teams were seeded with the remaining teams randomly placed in the bracket. In each match, the three players were paired with their opponents and played 18 holes at medal match play. Tied matches were extended to a sudden-death playoff only if they affected the outcome between the two teams.


1985 Dutch Grand Prix
The 1985 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Zandvoort on 25 August 1985. It was the eleventh round of the 1985 FIA Formula One World Championship and the 34th World Championship Grand Prix to be held in the Netherlands. The race was held over 70 laps of the four kilometre circuit for a race distance of 298 kilometres. The race also proved to be the  25th and last Grand Prix victory for triple World Champion Niki Lauda, driving a McLaren-TAG.


1985 Dutch Grand Prix
Lauda's teammate Alain Prost was second, with Brazilian racer Ayrton Senna third in his Lotus-Renault. However, it was also to be the last Dutch Grand Prix for 36 years. It was planned to be re-introduced in 2020, on a revised Zandvoort circuit, however the re-introduction was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which would be eventually cancelled. The race is now expected to take place in 2021.


1985 Dutch Grand Prix
It was also the last Grand Prix for West German Stefan Bellof, who was killed the following week at the 1000 km of Spa World Sportscar race.


1985 Dutch Grand Prix, Race summary
Renault's Patrick Tambay, who qualified sixth, had a huge crash at nearly 322 km/h (200 mph) in the Sunday morning warm-up following a suspension failure on the start-finish straight. Tambay escaped shaken but unhurt, and took the start in the spare car.


1985 Dutch Grand Prix, Race summary
Nelson Piquet recorded his first and only pole position of the season, averaging 215.369 km/h (133.824 mph), the first for tyre manufacturer Pirelli. However, he stalled his Brabham at the start and was eventually push-started, almost a lap behind the leaders. He eventually finished eighth.


1985 Dutch Grand Prix, Race summary
Niki Lauda took his 25th and final Grand Prix win in his McLaren-TAG. His teammate Alain Prost finished second, only 0.232 seconds behind; the two had diced for the lead over the final twelve laps of the race. Ayrton Senna continued his late-season charge by finishing third in his Lotus, albeit 48 seconds behind the McLarens; he finished just ahead of Prost's Drivers' Championship rival Michele Alboreto in the Ferrari. Senna's teammate Elio de Angelis was fifth, with Williams' Nigel Mansell taking the final point for sixth.


1985 Dutch Grand Prix, Race summary
Following his car destroying crash at the previous race in Austria, this was also the last time Andrea de Cesaris appeared in a Ligier. It would in fact be the Italian's last race of the season.


1985 Dutch Open (tennis)
The 1985 Dutch Open was a Grand Prix men's tennis tournament staged in Hilversum, Netherlands. The tournament was played on outdoor clay courts and was held from 22 July until 28 July 1985. It was the 29th edition of the tournament. Ricki Osterthun won the singles title.


1985 Dutch Open (tennis), Finals, Singles
Ricki Osterthun defeated  Kent Carlsson 4–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2, 6–3


1985 Dutch Open (tennis), Finals, Doubles
Stefan Simonsson /  Hans Simonsson defeated  Carl Limberger /  Mark Woodforde 6–3, 6–2


1985 Dutch TT
The 1985 Dutch TT was the seventh round of the 1985 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 27–29 June 1985 at the TT Circuit Assen located in Assen, Netherlands.


1985 Dwars door België
The 1985 Dwars door België was the 40th edition of the Dwars door Vlaanderen cycle race and was held on 22 March 1985. The race started and finished in Waregem. The race was won by Eddy Planckaert.


1985 Dyfed County Council election
The second election to Dyfed County Council was held in May 1985. It was preceded by the 1981 election and followed by the 1989 election. Once again, there were a number of unopposed returns, particularly in rural parts of the county.


1985 Dyfed County Council election, Overview
The Independents remained the largest party but lost ground to Labour.


1985 Dyfed County Council election, Ward Results (Carmarthenshire), Carmarthen No. 1
The Liberal candidate had won the seat from Labour at a by-election


1985 Dyfed County Council election, Ward Results (Carmarthenshire), Cwmamman
The sitting member was deselected by the Labour Party but chose to contest the seat again.


1985 Dyfed County Council election, Ward Results (Carmarthenshire), Newcastle Emlyn No.2
The Alliance candidate had stood for Labour at the two previous elections.


1985 Dyfed County Council election, Ward Results (Pembrokeshire), Fishgaurd and Goodwick No. 2
The sitting member was elected as an Independent in 1981


1985 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
The 1985 E3 Harelbeke was the 28th edition of the Belgian E3 Harelbeke cycle race, held on 30 March 1985. The race started and finished in the city of Harelbeke, West Flanders. The race was won by Phil Anderson of the Panasonic team.


1985 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
The 1985 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 24th tournament in league history. It was played between March 8 and March 16, 1985. Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites, while the 'final four' games were played at the Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. By winning the tournament, Rensselaer received the ECAC's automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.


1985 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format
The tournament featured three rounds of play. The four teams that finish below eighth place in the standings are not eligible for tournament play. In the quarterfinals the first seed and eighth seed, the second seed and seventh seed, the third seed and sixth seed and the fourth seed and fifth seed played a two-game series to determine the winner.


1985 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format
In the two games no overtime was permitted and if the two teams remained tied after the two games then a 10-minute mini-game would be played where a sudden-death overtime was allowed if the scheduled time did not produce a victor. After the opening round every series becomes a single-elimination game. In the semifinals, the highest seed plays the lowest remaining seed while the two remaining teams play with the winners advancing to the championship game and the losers advancing to the third place game. The tournament champion receives an automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.


1985 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Conference Standings
Note: GP = Games Played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; PTS = Points; GF = Goals For; GA = Goals Against


1985 ECAC Metro Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1985 ECAC Metro Men's Basketball Tournament (now known as the Northeast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament) was held March 2–4. All three rounds of the tournament were played at Reitz Arena in Baltimore, Maryland.


1985 ECAC Metro Men's Basketball Tournament
Fairleigh Dickinson defeated Loyola (MD) in the championship game, 63–59, to win the school's first ECAC Metro men's basketball tournament title. The Knights earned the automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Tournament.


1985 ECAC North Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1985 America East Men's Basketball Tournament was hosted by the higher seeds in head-to-head matchups. The final was held at Matthews Arena on the campus of the Northeastern University. Northeastern gained its second consecutive and fourth overall America East Conference Championship and an automatic berth to the NCAA Tournament with its win over Boston University. Northeastern was given the 14th seed in the East Regional of the NCAA Tournament and lost in the first round to Illinois 76–57. Canisius College gained a bid to the NIT and lost in the first round to Nebraska 79–66.


1985 ECAC South Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1985 ECAC South Men's Basketball Tournament (known as the Colonial Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament from 1986) was held March 7–9 at William & Mary Hall in Williamsburg, Virginia.


1985 ECAC South Men's Basketball Tournament
Navy defeated Richmond in the championship game, 85–76, to win their first ECAC South men's basketball tournament. The Midshipmen, therefore, earn an automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Tournament. This was Navy's first NCAA tournament appearance since 1960.


1985 ECAC South Men's Basketball Tournament
This was the first ECAC South (CAA) Tournament for American and UNC Wilmington.


1985 East Carolina Pirates football team
The 1985 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented East Carolina University as an independent during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first season under head coach Art Baker, the team compiled a 2–9 record.


1985 East Texas State Lions football team
The 1985 East Texas State Lions football team represented East Texas State University in the 1985 NCAA Division II football season. They were led by head coach Ernest Hawkins, who was in his 21st and final season at East Texas State. The Lions played their home games at Memorial Stadium and were members of the Lone Star Conference. The Lions finished tied for third in the Lone Star Conference.


1985 Eastern Illinois Panthers football team
The 1985 Eastern Illinois Panthers football team represented Eastern Illinois University as a member of the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (GCAC) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Panthers played their home games at O'Brien Stadium in Charleston, Illinois.


1985 Eastern League season
The 1985 Eastern League season began on approximately April 1 and the regular season ended on approximately September 1.


1985 Eastern League season
The Vermont Reds defeated the New Britain Red Sox three games to one to win the Eastern League Championship Series.


1985 Eastern League season, Playoffs, Semi-Finals Series
New Britain Red Sox defeated Waterbury Indians 3 games to 1.


1985 Eastern League season, Playoffs, Championship Series
Vermont Reds defeated New Britain Red Sox 3 games to 1.


1985 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team
The 1985 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their third season under head coach Jim Harkema, the Hurons compiled a 4–7 record (3–6 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the Mid-American Conference, and were outscored by their opponents, 252 to 188. The team's statistical leaders included Ron Adams with 977 passing yards, Gary Patton with 631 rushing yards, and Don Vesling with 354 receiving yards.


1985 Eastern Washington Eagles football team
The 1985 Eastern Washington Eagles football team represented Eastern Washington University in the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA football season. This was the Eagles' second season in Division I-AA, having moved up from Division II after 1983, and participated as an independent until joining the Big Sky Conference in 1987. They played their home games on campus at Woodward Field in Cheney, Washington, and one at Joe Albi Stadium in nearby Spokane.


1985 Eastern Washington Eagles football team
Led by seventh-year head coach Dick Zornes, the Eagles went 8–2 in the regular season and earned the program's first Division I-AA playoff bid. They traveled and defeated Big Sky champion Idaho in the first round, avenging a loss four weeks earlier, then lost by three points in the quarterfinals at Northern Iowa.


1985 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor
The 1985 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at the Wachovia Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States from January 21 to January 28, 1985. First-seeded John McEnroe won his fourth consecutive singles title at the event.


1985 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor, Finals, Doubles
Joakim Nyström /  Mats Wilander defeated  Wojciech Fibak /  Sandy Mayer 3–6, 6–2, 6–2


1985 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor – Doubles
Peter Fleming and John McEnroe were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.


1985 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor – Doubles
Joakim Nyström and Mats Wilander won the title, defeating Wojtek Fibak and Sandy Mayer 3–6, 6–2, 6–2 in the final.


1985 Ebel U.S. Pro Indoor – Singles
John McEnroe successfully defended the singles title at the U.S. Pro Indoor for a third tournament in a row, defeating Miloslav Mečíř in the final in three straight sets.


1985 Edgbaston Cup
The 1985 Edgbaston Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts that was part of the Category 2 tier of the 1985 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the 4th edition of the event and took place at the Edgbaston Priory Club in Birmingham, United Kingdom from 10 June until 16 June 1985. Pam Shiver won the singles title.


1985 Edgbaston Cup, Finals, Doubles
Terry Holladay /  Sharon Walsh-Pete defeated  Elise Burgin /  Alycia Moulton 6–4, 5–7, 6–3


1985 Edgbaston Cup – Singles
Pam Shriver was the defending champion and won in the final 6–1, 6–0 against Betsy Nagelsen.


1985 Edgbaston Cup – Singles, Seeds
The top eight seeds receive a bye into the second round.


1985 Election Day floods
The 1985 Election Day floods — also known as the Killer Floods of 1985 in West Virginia — produced the costliest floods in both West Virginia and Virginia in November 1985. The event occurred after Hurricane Juan, a tropical cyclone in the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season, meandered near the coast of Louisiana before striking just west of Pensacola, Florida late on October 31. Juan moved northward into Canada, but spawned another system that spread moderate rainfall across the Mid-Atlantic States, wetting soils.


1985 Election Day floods
On November 3, a low pressure area developed south of Florida and moved northeastward along a cold front, bringing a plume of moisture influenced by Juan's previous track. The storm moved through the southeastern United States, stalling on November 5 west of Washington, D.C. before turning out to sea the next day. The event was known as the Election Day floods due to its concurrence with elections in Virginia.


1985 Election Day floods
Damage was heaviest in Virginia and West Virginia. In the former state, the rainfall peaked at 19.77 in (502 mm) just northeast of Montebello. The rains increased levels along many rivers to record heights across Virginia, including the James River which crested at 42.15 ft (12.85 m) at a station called Holcomb Rock, the highest level in the state. In Roanoke, the Roanoke River rose 18.57 ft (5.66 m) in ten hours to a peak of 23.35 ft (7.12 m), considered a 1 in 200 year event.


1985 Election Day floods
In the city, many residents had to be rescued after they were trapped, and three people drowned by driving into flooded waters. Considered the worst flood on record in the city, Roanoke sustained $225 million in damage, with 3,100 damaged homes and businesses. There was also flooding in Richmond after the James River crested at the second-highest level on record. Throughout Virginia, damage was estimated at $753 million, making it the state's costliest flood at the time, and there were 22 deaths.


1985 Election Day floods
In West Virginia, 27 river gauging stations were 1 in 100 year events, mostly along the Potomac and Monongahela basins. As most of West Virginia's liveable land is along flood plains, the river flooding caused heavy damage in the state, mostly in the eastern portion. High waters washed away topsoil and thousands of trees, and over 13,000 homes and businesses were damaged or destroyed in the state. Damage was estimated at nearly $700 million, making it West Virginia's costliest flood, and there were 38 deaths.


1985 Election Day floods
Flooding also affected Maryland, although to a lesser degree than neighboring Virginia, with $21 million in damage and one death. There was also tidal flooding in the state along the Chesapeake Bay from the storm, which washed away beaches just weeks after Hurricane Gloria affected the coastline. In Pennsylvania, flooding was worst along the Monongahela River in the state's southwest portion. During the storm, a power company opened the flood gates of the Lake Lynn dam along the river to preserve its integrity, triggering a class action lawsuit that ultimately failed. The floods damaged or destroyed 3,349 houses in Pennsylvania, causing $83 million in damage, as well as one death.


1985 Election Day floods
Overall damage was estimated at $1.4 billion, which would have been the fourth costliest United States hurricanes if it were a tropical cyclone, and there were 62 overall deaths. The flooding spurred changes to warning practices by the National Weather Service and the Government of Virginia. In December 2011, the United States Army Corps of Engineers completed a flood mitigation project in Roanoke, Virginia that began following the 1985 floods.


1985 Election Day floods, Meteorological history
Early on October 26, a tropical depression formed in the central Gulf of Mexico, and intensified into Hurricane Juan while meandering northward. The storm had a large wind field and was somewhat subtropical in nature. Due to weak steering currents, Juan looped once offshore Louisiana and later looped again over the state, weakening into a tropical storm over land on October 29. The storm turned eastward and later northeastward, striking just west of Pensacola, Florida late on October 31. Juan turned to the north over land and became extratropical on November 1 over Tennessee.


1985 Election Day floods, Meteorological history
After the remnants of Juan continued to the north into Canada, it spawned an occluded low in the Tennessee Valley. This low continued to the east through North Carolina, bringing moderate rainfall throughout the region, and saturating soils; overcast skies and the weak sunlight of early November prevented much of the rains from evaporating.


1985 Election Day floods, Meteorological history
On November 3, while the low was located over North Carolina, a stationary cold front extended from the Gulf of Mexico through Michigan, which absorbed the remnants of Juan. That day, a low pressure area developed in the Gulf of Mexico south of the Florida panhandle and tracked to the northeast along the front, bringing a plume of warm tropical air into the east-central United States; the previously erratic motion of Hurricane Juan allowed this flow of moisture to extend into the mid-Atlantic.


1985 Election Day floods, Meteorological history
As a result, dew points reached over 60 °F (16 °C) in North Carolina, which is unusually high for the time of year. As the storm moved through the Carolinas, it produced an area of convection, or thunderstorms, that extended to the north and west. The low stalled over Virginia on November 5 to the west of Washington, D.C., before turning to the east and exiting into the Atlantic Ocean, with rainfall ending on November 6.


1985 Election Day floods, Preparations and warnings
Ahead of the main rainfall event, the National Weather Service (NWS) forecast office in Washington, D.C. issued a flood watch for southwestern Virginia, but canceled it early on November 4 after the heaviest rainfall was expected to continue to the northeast. Also that day, the NWS issued flood watches and warnings for portions of West Virginia. Later, special weather statements were issued in Virginia due to the continued rainfall. The Roanoke, Virginia NWS office lost telephone service shortly before the arrival of the flooding, which created difficulties in distributing warning information.


1985 Election Day floods, Preparations and warnings
Based on the rapid level increase of the Roanoke River, the Raleigh, North Carolina NWS issued a flash flood warning for Roanoke and its surrounding vicinity. The NWS also issued a river flood warning, initially anticipating a crest of 11 ft (3.4 m), and later increasing the estimate to 23 ft (7.0 m). In Virginia and Maryland along the western coast of the Chesapeake Bay, several low-lying and small coastal communities were evacuated. About 18,000 people were forced to evacuate in western Virginia due to river flooding.


1985 Election Day floods, Preparations and warnings
In West Virginia, residents relied on fire and civil defense sirens to receive warning about the floods, although some people in flood areas failed to receive any warning. Before the arrival of the floods, 23 of the 55 counties lacked updated disaster plans due to insufficient staff or funding, and as a result 29 counties' plans were rated "poor" or "very poor" by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).


1985 Election Day floods, Impact
The system dropped rainfall from North Carolina to Pennsylvania, westward to Ohio, with a peak of 19.77 in (502 mm) just northeast of Montebello, Virginia. Widespread areas reported over 10 in (250 mm) of precipitation, with an unofficial total of about 14 in (360 mm) in West Virginia. Flash flooding occurred in mountainous portions of Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, after orographic lift caused particularly high rainfall totals in the southern Appalachian Mountains.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact
A total of 63 gauging stations along rivers and streams recorded flood magnitudes greater than the 100-year event, of which 40 surpassed the previous record by more than 50%. In addition to the floods, the storm produced the highest tidal flooding in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries since the 1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane, and in some cases surpassed that of Hurricane Hazel in 1954.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact
This was due to persistent southeasterly winds just days after a full moon, causing tides that reached 4 to 5 ft (1.2 to 1.5 m) above normal in many places in Maryland, with 6 to 8 ft (1.8 to 2.4 m) waves on top. Overall damage totaled $1.4 billion, and the system killed 62 people; if the system were a tropical cyclone, it would have ranked as the fourth costliest United States hurricane at the time.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact
While moving through the southeastern United States, the storm produced gale-force winds along the Outer Banks, and there were reports of two weak tornadoes that damaged boats. Rainfall reached 12 in (300 mm) in eastern North Carolina, which flooded coastal cities in combination with high tides. Crop damage in the state was estimated at $1.5 million, mostly to the soybean and wheat harvests. Flooding reached a depth of 2 ft (0.61 m) in some places, which damaged roads and affected a trailer park in Hertford County. The floods also destroyed a fish building in Colerain. In the Piedmont interior, the rainfall flooded streams, flooding some roads and houses, while in mountainous portions, upwards of 8 ft (2.4 m) of snow fell.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact
The high rainfall caused levels to increase along the Ohio River in Kentucky. Rainfall spread as far north as New York, which flooded basements in Amherst and increased levels along streams.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
The high rainfall caused many rivers to rise above their banks across Virginia, becoming among the top three highest crests on record along several rivers in the state. The flood set the highest river stage on record along the Roanoke River at Roanoke, Tinker Creek near Daleville, the Calfpasture River at Goshen, the Craig Creek at Parr, and the James River at Buchanan, Holcomb Rock, and Bent Creek.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
At Holcomb Rock, the James River crested at 42.15 ft (12.85 m), the highest in the state, and was about 20 ft (6.1 m) above flood stage; based on the observations and the associated discharge, the return period was estimated as greater than a 1 in 500 year event. River gauges recorded record discharge rates at 34 stations, of which 32 were 100 year events. The rains delayed crops from being planted across the state and caused minor crop damage. Across the state, about 3,500 houses were destroyed. Overall, the storm system caused 22 deaths and $753 million, greater than the devastating hurricanes Camille and Agnes, and making it the costliest flood in the state's history.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
The city of Roanoke recorded 6.61 in (168 mm) in a 24‑hour period, the highest 24‑hour total on record for the city since records began in 1912; of the total, 4.25 in (108 mm) fell in about three hours. After previously wet conditions, the Roanoke River at Roanoke rapidly rose 18.57 ft (5.66 m) in ten hours to its peak of 23.35 ft (7.12 m), well above the flood stage of 10 ft (3.0 m).


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
The floods were considered a 1 in 200 year event, and in one instance near Salem, the waters rose to the height of a three-story building. Many surrounding rivers, including the James River, also rose, with 63 peak discharge rates in local streams. The high rivers flooded much of downtown Roanoke, including roads, rail lines, houses, and businesses, with some roads and bridges closed for weeks. Residents survived by holding onto trees, while others, some trapped in their cars, required rescue; one helicopter rescued 125 stranded people.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
There were 10 deaths in and around Roanoke, including three who drove into flooded rivers, and three others who refused to evacuate. The floods damaged about 3,000 homes and 100 businesses. Overall monetary damage in the city was estimated at $225 million, with $520 million in the entire metropolitan area, making it the city's worst flood on record.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
Across the Shenandoah Valley, the flooding caused widespread damage, notably in Rockingham County where the floods damaged most of the roads, and entered 4,000 houses and 350 farms. Along the Shenandoah River, 13 gauging stations reported new discharge records, including the reading at Verona which was five times the previous record. In Elkton within the county, an 89‑year‑old railroad bridge was washed out, although nearby Bridgewater had less flooding due to a levee built in 1949; the town sustained minor damage to roads and the hydroelectric plant.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
In nearby Highland County along the border with West Virginia, the floods damaged 350 homes or barns, and deteriorated $2 million worth of roads. In Augusta County, also along the West Virginia border, the Buffalo Creek swept away bridges and roads, with $8 million in transportation damage and $7 million in other damages in the county. Staunton, a city independent from Augusta County, experienced minimal effects, although the water treatment plant was damaged and a hotel basement was flooded.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
Waynesboro, also within Augusta County, sustained $3 million in damages after the South River reached a record crest, damaging 213 homes and businesses. Damage was particularly heavy in Rockbridge County, estimated at $100 million, with 616 homes and businesses ravaged by floods. In Buena Vista alone, the Maury River left $50 million in damage, after 3 to 6 ft (0.91 to 1.83 m) of water entered homes and businesses. Over half of the homes and businesses were damaged in Glasgow. Natural Bridge and Natural Bridge Station including the communities of Gilmore's Mill, Greenlee and Arnolds Valley were also affected. Elk Creek, which flows through Arnolds Valley was backed up by the flooded James River, flooding much of the northern end of Arnolds Valley and Greenlee.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
Along the James River, 15 gauging stations reported new records. At Lynchburg, the James River rose to 35 ft (11 m), surpassing the record set by Hurricane Camille in 1969 by 7 ft (2.1 m). There, the river swept up entire houses, causing portions of U.S. Route 29 to close, and ruining about $8 million worth of tobacco. In Richmond, the James River rose to 30.76 ft (9.38 m) on November 7, the second-highest peak on record after the 36.51 ft (11.13 m) set by Hurricane Agnes in 1972. The floods in Richmond closed a portion of Interstate 95, and nearly overtopped the 14th Street Bridge. Three bridges were closed, resulting in heavy traffic due to detours. Portions of the industrial district south of the river was flooded, as were commercial buildings.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
In eastern Virginia, high winds downed several trees in the eastern portion of the state, causing power outages and blocking roadways. Falling trees struck two vehicles, injuring three people. Along the Chesapeake Bay, high tides severely damaged or destroyed 75% of piers along the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers. Flooding entered about 150 houses in Colonial Beach, while many adjacent highways and seawalls were heavily damaged. The tides damaged several marinas, sinking several boats. At the mouth of the James River, high waves capsized a crab boat, killing its two passengers. A ferry was also washed aground on the James River. Several beaches lost 15 to 20 ft (4.6 to 6.1 m) of sand.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Virginia
The floods occurred election day throughout the state, in which Gerald Baliles won the governorship over Wyatt Durrette. The election had a decreased turnout from 1981, the first such decrease since 1961. The floods caused the three districts in western Virginia to have the lowest turnouts in the state, although other counties not affected by the overall system also saw decreased turnout. The event later became known as the "Election Day Floods" due to their concurrence.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, West Virginia
After previously dry conditions, severe flooding also occurred in West Virginia, amplified by the mountainous terrain. Record discharge rates were observed at 25 gauging stations, and 27 stations along rivers were at least 100 year events, setting records along the Potomac and Monongahela rivers, among several others. While washing away large rocks, some streams changed their channels due to the high volume of water.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, West Virginia
Near Petersburg, the South Branch Potomac River crested at 25.4 ft (7.7 m) and produced a record discharge of 130,000 cu ft (3,700 m3), and the peak discharge at Franklin was nearly three times the previous record. At five of the six gauging stations along the Potomac, there were new records for discharge rates. Along the Potomac, the floodwaters collected behind dams, causing 21 to exceed the capacity designed to withstand a 100-year flood. All five stations along the Greenbrier River recorded a new record discharge rate, as did all five along the Tygart Valley River.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, West Virginia
The flash flooding caused the Bloomington Reservoir to rise 80 ft (24 m) in 30 hours. Several caves were flooded, causing high amounts of erosion and damaging some speleothems. After the flooding, Mystic Cave in Pendleton County had tree branches wedged into the ceiling and a layer of sand on the floor.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, West Virginia
Flooding was worst along the Cheat River, where five of the six gauging stations set new discharge records. At Parsons, the river produced a discharge of 200,000 cu ft (5,700 m3), which was about 3.8 times the previous flood record, and 3.5 times the rate of a 100-year flood. At Rowlesburg, the Cheat River crested at 36.9 ft (11.2 m), which remains the highest on record as of 2013. At Hendricks, the Dry Fork of the Cheat River had a peak flow of 100,000 cu ft (2,800 m3), more than twice the previous record.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, West Virginia
As most of the livable land in West Virginia is in the flood plain, the high river flooding caused heavy damage, wrecking many small rural towns and washing out miles of roadways. A total of 43 bridges were destroyed and another 80 were damaged. Near Moorefield, the bridge carrying U.S. Route 220 was closed, but was reopened after emergency repairs. In Paw Paw, a flooded river washed a swept up building into a bridge, washing it away. Much of Pendleton County became isolated after 18 bridges were washed out and roads were covered by mudslides.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, West Virginia
The Cheat River destroyed 110 of the 132 houses in Albright, and washed away a trailer park in Rowlesburg. The flooding downed thousands of trees, which were carried into houses and recreation areas to cause additional damage. Agriculture losses were heavy after the floods washed away the topsoil and left behind miles of debris. Many farm structures were washed away, and hundreds of thousands of chicken or turkeys were killed. Statewide, at least 8,968 houses were damaged, and another 4,000 were destroyed, which left nearly 2,600 people homeless. In addition, the floods damaged or destroyed 711 businesses.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, West Virginia
Agriculture damage was estimated at $97 million, and damage to the United States Forest Service in the state was estimated at $3.9 million. Statewide damage totaled nearly $700 million, and 38 people were killed in West Virginia. This made it the most damaging flood in the state's history, according to then-Governor Arch A. Moore, Jr.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania
Flooding in Maryland largely occurred along the Potomac River, primarily along the north branch, as well as downstream after draining floodwaters from Virginia and West Virginia. Two gauging stations recorded new discharge records, although the peak of 235,000 cu ft (6,700 m3) at Paw Paw was slightly less than the record set in 1936. There was also flooding along the Youghiogheny River, which had a peak discharge of 11,700 cu ft (330 m3) at Oakland, just below the record set in 1941. The floods along the Potomac swept up debris and animals.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania
In Georgetown in Washington, D.C., the floods reached within 2 in (51 mm) of overtopping the lock, thus preventing significant flooding in the nation's capital, although floodwaters reached 4 ft (1.2 m) deep in portions of the neighborhood. Levels along the Potomac in Washington were the third highest on record. Officials closed the Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, and Jefferson Memorial for two days due to fears of flooding. The floods left $9 million worth of damage to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal between Georgetown and Cumberland, Maryland, which was closed for the first time in its 157-year history. In general, the floods in Maryland caused less damage than in neighboring states, and overall damage in the state was estimated at $21 million; there was one death.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania
Along the Chesapeake Bay, the high tides damaged many piers, bulkheads, and coastal homes along the western coastline of the Chesapeake, mainly in Maryland between St. Mary's and Anne Arundel counties. High waters damaged roads and entered many cars while also washing away several boats. Along the Atlantic coast, high waves washed away 400,000 cu yd (310,000 m3) of beaches in Ocean City, just months after Hurricane Gloria eroded twice that amount of sand. In addition, winds gusted as strong as 80 mph (130 km/h), which downed power lines and left thousands without power. During the storm, a member of the United States Coast Guard was injured while responding to a hoax mayday call. Damage in eastern Maryland totaled over $5 million.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania
High rainfall also flooded streams in southwestern Pennsylvania, estimated as 50 year events, and primarily along the Monongahela River. In Point Marion at the confluence of the Monongahela and Cheat rivers, the waters crested at 40 ft (12 m), or 14 ft (4.3 m) above flood stage. There were many evacuation orders after a false report that the Lake Lynn dam had burst, which is located along the Cheat River several miles south of Point Marion in extreme northern West Virginia.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania
The dam, owned by West Penn Power, reached the highest levels in its 60-year history, prompting the company to open flood gates, which flooded Point Marion with 8 ft (2.4 m) of water. The Monongahela River crested at 42.7 ft (13.0 m), or 10.7 ft (3.3 m) above flood state in Brownsville, and rose 18 ft (5.5 m) above flood stage in Greensboro. In the latter city, the peak discharge rate was 220,000 cu ft (6,200 m3), 60% greater than the previous record, and downstream at Elizabeth, the peak discharge was 178,000 cu ft (5,000 m3), also a record.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania
Damage in Pennsylvania largely occurred along the Monongahela River basin. In Brownsville, 35 businesses were flooded, while in Greensboro, high waters damaged roads and forced 300 people to evacuate. During the floods, 23 barges broke free and became lodged in the Maxwell Lock & Dam, which is an important shipping link; the lock remained closed for nearly six weeks, costing the local economy $20 million in lost production. The same river crested at 44 ft (13 m) in Charleroi, breaking the record set in 1967.


1985 Election Day floods, Impact, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania
The flooded river caused $1 million in damage at California University of Pennsylvania, broke 40 barges from their moorings, and forced about 2,600 people to evacuate; one person in North Charleroi drowned after returning to his evacuated home. Throughout the region, the floods damaged or destroyed 3,349 houses, leaving at least 2,000 people homeless, and statewide damage was estimated at $83 million.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
In the aftermath of the floods, President Ronald Reagan declared 121 counties or other areas as disaster areas, including 40 counties and 12 independent cities in Virginia, 29 West Virginia counties, and 6 Pennsylvania counties. After a year of hurricanes Elena, Gloria, and Juan, as well as flooding in Puerto Rico, the American Red Cross ran out of funds while responding to the flood disaster, prompting an emergency fundraising appeal.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
Much of the eastern portion of West Virginia was declared a federal disaster area on November 7, 1985. Within two weeks of the declaration, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) began clearing debris across the state, which was completed by July 1986. Widespread areas were under a boil-water advisory due to damage to water facilities, prompting officials to deliver trucks with bottled water through disaster areas. The state's highway department worked with FEMA and the USACE to clear destroyed buildings. Workers also buried killed animals, cleared blocked streams, and helped farmers regrow lost crops.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
FEMA opened 20 disaster centers across the state to coordinate residents' requests for federal aid, and used 290 full or part-time employees. Overall federal assistance totaled $285 million, including $171 million for debris removal and repairing infrastructure, $90 million for loans and temporary housing, and $24 million through payments from the National Flood Insurance Program. This followed a six-week period when applications for such assistance were processed. After receiving complaints about inadequate funding, FEMA increased payments to 869 people. FEMA also built 647 temporary mobile homes, only about half of which were utilized.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
Residents complained that the money spent on the homes was misdirected and instead should have been given directly to victims. Many residents in Albright moved away after the main industry - river rafting - was washed away. In the city of Parsons, most businesses relied on small business loans to continue operating, although 18 stores never reopened following the floods. Officials held a telethon on state television and radio on December 7, 1985, that ultimately raised $1.7 million for storm victims in the state. In the years after the flood, residents rebuilt houses farther away from flood plains, while officials rebuilt roads, bridges, and public buildings.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
In general, the USACE credited existing flood control projects as preventing additional flooding. In West Virginia alone, it was estimated that existing flood-control projects saved about $135 million in damage. Lake Moomaw in western Virginia helped prevent $70 million in damage along the James River. In Pennsylvania, flood measures resulted in minimal flooding along the Youghiogheny River.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
After sustaining damage from flooding along the Monongahela River with little warning, the owners of a marina filed a class action lawsuit in the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County on November 21, 1985, against West Penn Power Company to compensate for damages. The plaintiffs believed that the damage occurred because the company opened the flood gates of the Lake Lynn Dam.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
The power company attempted to move the case to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania in March 1986, citing the Federal Power Act's provision that claims should be in the District Court, but the nature of the suit sent it back to the Court of Common Pleas, bringing it to trial in September 1989. The jury found that although the West Penn Power was negligent, the damage was caused mainly by the historic and unprecedented flooding; consequently, the case entered a compulsory nonsuit, meaning the company was not required to pay compensation. The plaintiffs sought an appeal in 1990, which was denied.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
The city of Roanoke, Virginia had experienced a series of major floods that affected. The floods caused by Hurricane Agnes in 1972 prompted a study that would channelize 10 mi (16 km) of the Roanoke River to increase water capacity. After the 1985 floods, the city council sought assistance from the USACE to build flood walls and improve river flow to mitigate against future flooding. The agency estimated that the project would cut the damage in half for a flood similar to the 1985 one.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
The cost for the project was initially project to be $34.4 million, of which the city was expected to pay $14.3 million. Private land donations and other financial sources provided about $6.8 million of the cost, while the remaining $7.5 million was covered by a bond, approved in an April 1989 single-issue referendum. This was the first such referendum for the city, and passed with 56.6% in support amid a voter turnout of 19.6%. The bond would be repaid by a 2% raise of the utility tax. Construction began in 1990, and that year a flood warning system was completed.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
In 1993, Roanoke's raw sewage plant and hospital finished flood proofing. The bulk of the project was finished in December 2011 when the final terrain cuts were made. When the project was completed, the USGS estimated that the annual damage from flooding decreased from $5.8 million to $2.7 million, and that the work prevented major floods in November 2009 from Hurricane Ida and January 2013. Also in the state, the General Assembly passed the "Virginia Flood Damage Reduction Act" in 1989, partly due to the flooding from 1985; this coordinated all work related to flood prevention throughout the state into one department.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
In Pennsylvania, then-governor Dick Thornburgh allocated $1 million in emergency aid for the disaster areas, and activated 600 National Guardsmen to help with clean up. After nine water plants were closed, the companies relied on reserves to provide water supply to local residents while also encouraging cutting back on usage. About 2,900 people in Washington County lost access to clean water.


1985 Election Day floods, Aftermath
In the decades following the floods, the NWS utilized enhanced radar technology and computer models to better forecast flood events, as well as improved communications. Whereas in 1985, three different NWS agencies issued different warnings for the area affected in southwest Virginia, the NWS has since restructured to allow local offices, such as the one in Roanoke, to directly issue watches and warnings. The NWS also implemented increased flood prediction techniques across West Virginia in the years after the floods. As many West Virginia counties lacked a full-time emergency management director at the time, funding from the NWS provided 24‑hour weather radios for every county by the year 1987.


1985 Emilia-Romagna regional election
The Emilia-Romagna regional election of 1985 took place on 12 May 1985.


1985 Emilia-Romagna regional election
The Italian Communist Party was by far the largest party, with almost twice the votes of Christian Democracy. After the election Lanfranco Turci, the incumbent Communist President of the Region, formed a new government with the support of the Italian Socialist Party. Turci, elected senator, was replaced by Luciano Guerzoni in 1987.


1985 Emilia-Romagna regional election, Results
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1985 Emperor's Cup, Overview
It was contested by 32 teams, and Nissan Motors won the championship.


1985 Emperor's Cup, Results, Final
Nissan Motors won the championship Excluded from the Asian Cup Winners' Cup 1986.


1985 Emperor's Cup Final
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1985 Emperor's Cup Final
1985 Emperor's Cup Final was the 65th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on January 1, 1986. Nissan Motors won the championship.


1985 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview
Nissan Motors won their 2nd title, by defeating Fujita Industries 2–0.


1985 Empress's Cup, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Shimizudaihachi SC won the championship.


1985 Empress's Cup Final
1985 Empress's Cup Final was the 7th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on March 30, 1986. Shimizudaihachi SC won the championship.


1985 Empress's Cup Final, Overview
Defending champion Shimizudaihachi SC won their 6th title, by defeating Takatsuki FC 5–1. Shimizudaihachi SC won the title for 6 years in a row.


1985 England rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1985 England rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of seven matches played by the England national rugby union team in New Zealand in May and June 1985. England played seven games, including two test matches against the New Zealand national rugby union team. They won four of the seven matches but lost both of the test matches as well as the fixture against the Auckland provincial team.