1985 Timaru by-election, Campaign
The by-election was the last time the Social Credit Party name was used before the party renamed itself as the Democratic Party later in the year.


1985 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1985 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 95th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.


1985 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
On 1 November 1986, Kilruane MacDonaghs won the championship after a 2-11 to 0-10 defeat of Roscrea in the final at Semple Stadium. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1979.


1985 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 1985 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 20th edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 7 March to 13 March 1985. The race started in Santa Marinella and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Joop Zoetemelk of the Kwantum team.


1985 Togolese parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Togo on 24 March 1985. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Rally of the Togolese People as the sole legal party. Unlike the previous election in 1979 when a single list of candidates was presented to voters for approval, this election was contested by 216 candidates running for 77 seats and 22 reserve members. Voter turnout was reported to be 78.6%.


1985 Tokyo Indoor
The 1985 Tokyo Indoor also known as "Seiko Super Tennis" was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from 15 October through 19 October 1985. It was a major tournament of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and  matches were the best of three sets. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.


1985 Tokyo Indoor, Finals, Doubles
Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso defeated  Scott Davis /  David Pate 4–6, 6–3, 7–6


1985 Tokyo Indoor – Doubles
Sammy Giammalva, Jr. and Tony Giammalva were the defending champions, but lost in the final this year.


1985 Tokyo Indoor – Doubles
Ken Flach and Robert Seguso won the title, defeating Scott Davis and David Pate 4–6, 6–3, 7–6(9–7) in the final.


1985 Tokyo Indoor – Singles
Jimmy Connors was the defending champion, but he withdrew from his semifinals match this year.


1985 Tokyo Indoor – Singles
Ivan Lendl won the tournament, beating Mats Wilander in the final, 6–0, 6–4.


1985 Toledo Rockets football team
The 1985 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented the University of Toledo in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth season under head coach Dan Simrell, the Rockets compiled a 4–7 record (3–6 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 187 to 135.


1985 Toledo Rockets football team
The team's statistical leaders included A. J. Sager with 1,335 passing yards, Kelvin Farmer with 748 rushing yards, and Jay Walsh with 284 receiving yards.


1985 Tongatapu Inter Club Championship
The 1985 season of the Tongatapu Inter Club Championship was the 12th season of top flight association football competition in Tonga. Ngeleʻia FC won the championship for the fourth time, their fourth title in a then-record of 7 consecutive championships.


1985 Torneo Descentralizado
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Ericbaudouin (talk | contribs) at 14:27, 15 December 2019. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1985 Torneo Descentralizado
The 1985 Torneo Descentralizado, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 30 teams. The national champion was Universitario.


1985 Torneo Descentralizado, Format
The national championship was divided into two tournaments; the Torneo Regional and Torneo Descentralizado. The winners of each tournament faced off in the season final and received the berths for the 1986 Copa Libertadores. The Torneo Regional divided the teams into four groups; Metropolitan, North, Central, and South. Each group had its teams advance to the Liguilla Regional, the Torneo Descentralizado and the División Intermedia. The Liguilla Regional determined the Regional champion which advanced to the Descentralizado with a bonus point.


1985 Torneo Descentralizado, Format
The Descentralizado, consisting of 16 teams from the Torneo Regional, had each team play the others twice (a double round robin system) for a total of 30 games. The team that placed last in this tournament played a relegation playoff. The División Intermedia was a promotion/relegation tournament between first and second division teams. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. No points were awarded for a loss.


1985 Torneo Descentralizado, Torneo Regional, Liguilla Regional
Numbers in parentheses indicate penalty shootout result. The Regional winner qualified to the 1986 Copa Libertadores and advanced to the Final of the season. Alianza Lima received a bye to the semi-finals as the Metropolitan zone winner.


1985 Torneo Descentralizado, Season final
Universitario won both tournaments and became the 1985 season champion.


1985 Torneo Godó
The 1985 Torneo Godó was a men's professional tennis tournament that took place on outdoor clay courts in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain from 23 September until 29 September 1985. Thierry Tulasne won the singles title.


1985 Torneo Godó, Finals, Singles
Thierry Tulasne defeated  Mats Wilander, 0–6, 6–2, 3–6, 6–4, 6–0


1985 Torneo Godó, Finals, Doubles
Sergio Casal /  Emilio Sánchez defeated  Jan Gunnarsson /  Michael Mortensen, 6–3, 6–3


1985 Torneo Internazionale Roger et Gallet
The 1985 Torneo Internazionale Roger et Gallet was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Florence, Italy that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 13th edition of the tournament and was played from 20 May until 26 May 1985. Unseeded Sergio Casal, who entered the competition as a qualifier, won the singles title.


1985 Torneo Internazionale Roger et Gallet, Finals, Doubles
David Graham /  Laurie Warder defeated  Bruce Derlin /  Carl Limberger 6–1, 6–1


1985 Torneo di Viareggio
The 1985 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.


1985 Torneo di Viareggio, Format
The 16 teams are seeded in 4 groups. Each team from a group meets the others in a single tie. The winner of each group progress to the final knockout stage.


1985 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1985 Toronto Argonauts finished in fourth place in the East Division with a 6–10 record and failed to make the playoffs.


1985 Toronto Blue Jays season
The 1985 Toronto Blue Jays season was the franchise's ninth season of Major League Baseball. It resulted in the Blue Jays finishing first in the American League East with a record of 99 wins and 62 losses. The win total of 99 is a franchise record, and the division title was the franchise's first.


1985 Toronto Blue Jays season
Despite having the second-best record in Major League Baseball, the Blue Jays collapsed in the American League Championship Series against the Kansas City Royals, blowing a 3–1 series lead and losing in seven games.


1985 Toronto Blue Jays season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1985 Toronto Indoor
The 1985 Toronto Indoor (also known as the Molson Light Challenge for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from February 18 through February 24, 1985. Kevin Curren won the singles title.


1985 Toronto Indoor, Finals, Doubles
Peter Fleming /  Anders Järryd defeated  Glenn Layendecker /  Glenn Michibata, 7–6, 6–2


1985 Toronto Indoor – Doubles
Peter Fleming and Anders Järryd won in the final 7–6, 6–2, against Glenn Layendecker and Glenn Michibata.


1985 Toronto Indoor – Singles
The 1985 Toronto Indoor (also known as the Molson Light Challenge for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. Kevin Curren won in the final 7–6, 6–3 against Anders Järryd.


1985 Toronto International Film Festival
The 10th Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) took place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 5 and September 14, 1985. The festival featured 460 feature films, the highest number of films in festival.


1985 Toronto International Film Festival
My American Cousin by Sandy Wilson was selected as the opening film.


1985 Toronto municipal election
The 1985 Toronto municipal election was held to elect members of municipal councils, school boards, and hydro commissions in the six municipalities that made up Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The election was held on November 12, 1985.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Toronto, Mayor
The mayoral election saw progressive North Toronto councillor Anne Johnston challenge incumbent Art Eggleton. Eggleton won reelection by a significant margin, with Johnston not even winning her former ward.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Toronto, City and Metro council
The election system was changed in Toronto for the 1985 election. Previously two councillors had been elected from each ward, with the one who received the most votes also getting a spot on Metro Toronto council in addition to their city council seat. Under the new system, one person would be directly elected as a Metro councillor while the other would be elected as a city alderman. Although the Metro councillor would still sit on the city council, the change was accompanied with other structural changes to boost the power of the city aldermen, who had often seen their power and authority diminished by the perception that they were "junior" to the Metro councillors.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Toronto, City and Metro council
Most pairs of incumbent councillors reached tacit agreements with one running for city council and the other for Metro. The one battle between two incumbents was in Ward 5 where in a surprise upset junior councillor Ron Kanter defeated the long serving Ying Hope. Two other long serving councillors were defeated. Joe Piccininni who had represent the Corso d'Italia for 25 years lost to 28-year-old Betty Disero. In the east end NDPers Dorothy Thomas lost in a surprise upset to conservative Paul Christie.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Toronto, City and Metro council
Results are taken from the November 13, 1985 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Toronto, Changes
Ward 7 Metro Councillor Joanne Campbell resigned on September 8, 1987 to accept an appointment to chair the provincial Social Assistance Review Board. Ward 5 Metro Councillor Ron Kanter also resigned when he won a seat in the 1987 Provincial Election. By-elections were held in both wards on October 29, 1987.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Toronto, Changes
Ward 10 Metro Councillor June Rowlands resigned April 6, 1988 upon appointment as Chairman of the Metropolitan Toronto Police Commission; on April 18 Alexandra McCallum was appointed as replacement.


1985 Toronto municipal election, East York
Mayor Johnson commented that the election campaign was the quietest, least active he had ever run. He won handily, even though he spent several days in hospital with back pains. On Council, the incumbents in wards one and four were re-elected. Ward two elected newcomers Bill Buckingham and George Vasilopolous while ward three elected Bob Dale and Steve Mastoras.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Etobicoke, Mayor
Sinclair was appointed mayor in August 1984 to replace Dennis Flynn when he was elected Metro Chairman.


1985 Toronto municipal election, Etobicoke, Board of Control
On September 4, 1984, Etobicoke City Council appointed Controller Bruce Sinclair to replace Flynn as mayor and appointed Lois Griffin to fill the Controller position vacated by Sinclair.


1985 Toronto municipal election, North York
Mel Lastman was re-elected mayor of the City and served until 1997. Maria Augimeri was elected to Ward 5, Peter Li Preti was elected to Ward 3 and Mario Gentile was re-elected as Ward 2 councillor. Esther Shiner was re-elected to Board of Control, but died in office in 1987. Norm Gardner lost his seat on the Board of Control.


1985 Toronto municipal election, York
In York, Alan Tonks was easily re-elected. Michael Colle who was alderman for ward 2 in the previous term tried unsuccessfully to obtain a seat on the Board of Control. New councillors Tony Mandarano in Ward 2 and Bob McLean in Ward 6 won their races. Bill Saundercook was the only winner to unseat a running incumbent in Ward 8.


1985 Tour de France
The 1985 Tour de France was the 72nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 28 June and 21 July 1985. The course ran over 4,109 km (2,553 mi) and consisted of a prologue and 22 stages. The race was won by Bernard Hinault (riding for the La Vie Claire team), who equalled the record by Jacques Anquetil and Eddy Merckx of five overall victories. Second was Hinault's teammate Greg LeMond, ahead of Stephen Roche (La Redoute).


1985 Tour de France
Hinault won the race leader's yellow jersey on the first day, in the opening prologue time trial, but lost the lead to Eric Vanderaerden (Panasonic–Merckx–Agu) after stage 1 because of time bonuses. Hinault's teammate Kim Andersen then took over the yellow jersey following a successful breakaway on stage 4. Hinault regained the race lead after winning the time trial on stage 8, establishing a significant lead over his rivals. However, a crash on stage 14 into Saint-Étienne broke Hinault's nose, with congestion leading to bronchitis, which severely hampered his performances.


1985 Tour de France
Nonetheless, he was able to win the race overall ahead of teammate LeMond and Roche. For LeMond's assistance, Hinault publicly pledged to support LeMond for overall victory the following year. The large amount of time trials in this edition of the race was decisive for its outcome, leading to a decrease in time trial kilometres for subsequent Tours.


1985 Tour de France
In the Tour's other classifications, Sean Kelly (Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko) won a record-equalling third points classification. The mountains classification was won by Luis Herrera (Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic). LeMond was the winner of the combination classification, Jozef Lieckens (Lotto) of the intermediate sprints classification, and Fabio Parra (Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic) was the best debutant, winning the young rider classification. La Vie Claire won both the team and team points classifications.


1985 Tour de France, Teams
The organisers of the Tour, the Société du Tour de France, a subsidiary of the Amaury Group, were free to select which teams they invited for the event. 18 teams with 10 cyclists on each started the race, meaning a total of 180 cyclists, which was a record number at the time. Of these, 67 were riding the Tour de France for the first time. The riders in the race had an average age of 26.76 years, ranging from the 20-year-old Miguel Induráin (Reynolds) to the 38-year-old Lucien Van Impe (Santini).


1985 Tour de France, Teams
The Renault–Elf cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on Verandalux–Dries–Nissan had the oldest. Two former Tour winners, van Impe (who won in 1976) and Joop Zoetemelk of Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko (who had won in 1980), both set a new record, by each starting in the race for the fifteenth time.


1985 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
Laurent Fignon (Renault–Elf) had won the previous year's Tour de France, his second victory in a row, by a substantial margin of more than ten minutes ahead of Bernard Hinault (La Vie Claire), a four-time winner of the Tour. However, he was unable to defend his title, as an operation on an inflamed Achilles tendon left him sidelined. According to Dutch newspaper Het Parool, Fignon missing the race was well received, considering that otherwise the race was expected to be as one-sided as the year before.


1985 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
In Fignon's absence, Hinault was considered the clear favourite to achieve his fifth overall victory, which would draw him level with Jacques Anquetil and Eddy Merckx for the record number of Tour de France wins. Hinault himself commented ahead of the prologue: "If I sound sure of myself, it's because I am." Earlier in the year, he had won the Giro d'Italia. Hinault's team had been significantly strengthened for 1985, with the signings of Steve Bauer, Kim Andersen, and Bernard Vallet. The biggest addition to La Vie Claire's roster however was Greg LeMond.


1985 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
Having turned professional with Renault–Elf alongside Hinault and Fignon in 1981, he had enjoyed a steady rise in the cycling world, including a win in the road world championship in 1983 and a third place in the previous year's Tour. During that race, La Vie Claire's team owner Bernard Tapie had approached LeMond, offering him the highest-paid contract in cycling history to set him up as a successor to Hinault. LeMond was therefore considered "the other choice as a possible winner".


1985 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
LeMond himself stated that he would work for Hinault, but that he did not doubt that Hinault would do the same for him should he lose his chances. Equally, Hinault declared before the start that either himself or LeMond would win. The amount of individual time trials, four stages totaling 159 km (99 mi), was considered in Hinault's favour, since he excelled at the discipline. Due to the race start in Brittany, Hinault's home region and the large amount of time trialling, commentators jokingly referred to the edition as the "Tour de Hinault".


1985 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
The third highly ranked favourite was Phil Anderson (Panasonic–Raleigh), who had just won both the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and Tour de Suisse, the most important preparation races for the Tour. Among the other favourites, there were mainly riders who were considered climbers, who ascended well up high mountains, but were inferior in time trials. These included Luis Herrera (Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic), Robert Millar (Peugeot–Shell–Michelin), Peter Winnen (Panasonic–Raleigh), and Pedro Delgado (Seat–Orbea). Other favourites included Ángel Arroyo (Zor–Gemeaz Cusin), Pedro Muñoz (Fagor), Claude Criquielion (Hitachi–Splendor–Sunair), Stephen Roche (La Redoute), and Sean Kelly (Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko).


1985 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
Kelly was ranked number one in the UCI Road World Rankings, after taking victory at Paris–Nice and winning three stages of the Vuelta a España. His Irish compatriot Roche had displayed good form earlier in the year by winning the Critérium International and the Tour Midi-Pyrénées. Charly Mottet (Renault–Elf), winner of the Tour de l'Avenir, considered the junior Tour de France, in 1984, was considered an outside bet for his team in the absence of team leader Fignon, given his young age.


1985 Tour de France, Route and stages
The 1985 Tour de France started on 28 June, and had one rest day, in Villard-de-Lans. The race started in Brittany in North-West France, Hinault's home region, with a prologue time trial in Plumelec. The route then headed north towards Roubaix, then south-east to Lorraine, then south through the Vosges and Jura mountains into the Alps for stages 11 through 13. From there, the Tour passed through the Massif Central en route to the Pyrenees for three high-mountain stages.


1985 Tour de France, Route and stages
After leaving the high mountains, the route moved north to Bordeaux, before travelling inland, with a time trial at Lac de Vassivière on the penultimate day, followed by a train transfer to Orléans for the final, ceremonial stage into Paris. It was the first time since 1981 that the Tour was run clockwise around France. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,115 m (6,939 ft) at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 17.


1985 Tour de France, Route and stages
The 1985 Tour was the last one to contain split stages, where two stages on the same day had the same number and were distinguished by an "a" and "b". Until 1991, there were still two stages held on the same day, but given separate stage numbers. It was also the first time that two mountain stages were held on the same day, stages 18a and 18b in the Pyrenees.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1985 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour. There were two ways to gain time bonuses, which subtracted seconds from a rider's overall time. One was at stage finishes, where the first three riders across the line received 30, 20, and 10 seconds bonus respectively.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The split stage 18 awarded full-time bonuses for each of its two legs. Secondly, riders were able to gain 10, 6, and 3 seconds bonus for the first three to cross the line at intermediate sprints. Unlike the previous year, where these were only given out during flat stages, the time bonuses at intermediate sprints were awarded during every road stage of the 1985 Tour.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and was identified with a green jersey. The system for the points classification was changed for the 1985 Tour: in previous years, more points were earned in flat stages than in mountain stages, which gave sprinters an advantage in this classification; while in 1985, all stages gave 25 points for the winner, down to 1 point for 25th place. Unlike in many other years, between 1984 and 1986, intermediate sprints did not award points for this classification. Sean Kelly won the classification for a record-equalling third time. His 434 points were 69.4% of the maximum possible amount obtainable, a record as of 2019.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
There was also a mountains classification. The points system for the classification was changed: mountains in the toughest categories gave more points, to reduce the influence of the minor hills on this classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. Hors catégorie climbs awarded 40 points to the first rider across, down to 1 point for the 15th rider.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
First-category mountains awarded 30 points to the first rider to reach the top, with the other three categories awarding 20, 7, and 4 points respectively to the first man across the summit. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots. Luis Herrera won the mountains classification.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The combination jersey for the combination classification was introduced in this year's Tour. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications: a first place in one of the classifications awarded 25 points, down to 1 point for 25th place. Only the general, mountains, points, and intermediate sprint classifications were included here. The winner of this classification was Greg LeMond.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Another classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey. The winner of this classification was Fabio Parra, who finished in eighth place in the general classification.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The sixth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only awarded points at intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey. The intermediate sprints awarded more points the more the Tour progressed, from 3, 2, and 1 points for the first three riders across during stages 1 to 5 to 12, 8, and 4 points respectively during the last five stages. The classification was won by Jozef Lieckens (Lotto).


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps. There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps. La Vie Claire led both classifications after the prologue as well as from stage 8 until the finish.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after each mass-start stage to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. At the conclusion of the Tour, Maarten Ducrot won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 17. This prize was won by Pello Ruiz Cabestany.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The 1985 Tour was the last to feature what was called "flying stages", introduced in 1977: on stages 4 and 11, there was a finish line at the midway point of the course, which was treated as a stage finish but the race continued uninterrupted afterwards. Kim Andersen was the first to cross the line on stage 4, while Eric Vanderaerden took the honours on stage 11. They received the same prizes as regular stage winners, including prize money, time bonuses and points for the points classification, but the times were not taken for the general classification. Officially, they were also supposed to be counted as stage victories, but the public did not accept the concept and both are today not included in stage winner statistics. The idea was scrapped the following year.


1985 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
In total, the Tour organisers paid out 3,003,050 French francs in prize money, with 40,000 and an apartment valued at 120,000 francs given to the winner of the general classification.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Opening stages
Hinault laid down a claim towards his fifth Tour victory immediately by winning the prologue time trial. LeMond suffered mechanical issues, as a jammed chain slowed him in the final section of the course. He nevertheless finished fifth, 21 seconds behind Hinault. Eric Vanderaerden was second, four seconds slower than Hinault, ahead of Roche in third place. Alfons De Wolf (Fagor) arrived five minutes late for his start and then lost another two minutes to Hinault, eliminating him from the race before reaching the first stage proper due to having missed the time limit.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Opening stages
Rudy Matthijs (Hitachi–Splendor–Sunair) won the first stage from a bunch sprint, ahead of Vanderaerden, who with the help of time bonuses took over the race leader's yellow jersey. Maarten Ducrot (Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko) had gone on a 205 km (127 mi) solo breakaway and held a maximum lead of 16 minutes, but was caught with 22 km (14 mi) to go. Ángel Arroyo, who won second place in 1983, abandoned the race after just 123 km (76 mi) into the first stage. Matthijs made it two stage wins in a row on the second stage, this time coming out on top in a sprint ahead of Sean Kelly.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Opening stages
La Vie Claire won the stage 3 team time trial by over a minute ahead of the next-best team. Their team coach, Paul Köchli, had made the decision to fit faster wheels to the slower riders, balancing out the performance of the squad. While Vanderaerden held on to the yellow jersey courtesy of the time bonuses he had collected earlier, the eight riders behind him on general classification came from La Vie Claire. Hinault, however, was bothered by the large amount of reporters and photographers behind the finish line, punching one of them on the chin. Stage 4 saw the first successful breakaway, with a seven-rider group finishing 46 seconds ahead of the main field. While Gerrit Solleveld (Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko) won the stage, Kim Andersen took the overall lead for La Vie Claire. Future five-time Tour winner Miguel Induráin abandoned during stage 4.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Opening stages
Stage 5 into Roubaix, which featured some cobbled roads, was won by Henri Manders (Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko). He had been in a breakaway with Teun van Vliet (Verandalux–Dries–Nissan), who had done most of the work on the front, before Manders left him about 20 km (12 mi) before the finish when van Vliet developed spasms in his legs. Stage 6 saw a controversial sprint finish in Reims. During the sprint, Kelly and Vanderaerden pushed against each other, forcing Kelly towards the barriers. Vanderaerden crossed the line first and received the stage honours and the yellow jersey on the podium.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Opening stages
Later however, the race jury decided to relegate both Kelly and Vanderaerden to the back of their group in the stage results, giving the stage victory to Francis Castaing (Peugeot–Shell–Michelin), while Andersen kept the race lead. LeMond, who had mixed himself into the sprint, was raised from fourth to second, giving him a twenty-second time bonus. This allowed him to move into third place in the general classification, two seconds ahead of Hinault. With 51 km (32 mi) raced into stage 7, an eight-rider group attacked, including Ludwig Wijnants (Tönissteiner–TW Rock–BASF), but were brought back 27 km (17 mi) later.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Opening stages
Luis Herrera was active later in the stage, establishing a breakaway after 193 km (120 mi). From this group, Wijnants, again in the breakaway, attacked with 3 km (1.9 mi) to go. Just as Herrera brought him back 2 km (1.2 mi) later, Wijnants attacked again to claim the stage win.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Vosges and Jura
Stage 8 saw the first long individual time trial of the Tour. At 75 km (47 mi), it was the longest individual time trial in the Tour since 1960. Bernard Hinault won the stage by a high margin, with second-placed Roche 2:20 minutes slower. Hinault even caught and passed Sean Kelly, who had started two minutes ahead of him, and proceeded to gain another minute on him. Third was Mottet, ahead of LeMond, who lost 2:34 minutes to Hinault.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Vosges and Jura
While Hinault regained the race lead, LeMond was now his closest challenger, 2:32 minutes behind on the general classification, with Anderson and Roche already almost four minutes behind. Dietrich Thurau (Hitachi–Splendor–Sunair) was given a one-minute time penalty for drafting behind Mottet. Angry at the decision, Thurau physically attacked the judge who had handed out the penalty, grabbing him by the throat, and was subsequently ejected from the race on stage 10.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Vosges and Jura
The next stage to Épinal was won by Maarten Ducrot, 38 seconds ahead of René Bittinger (Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko). Jeronimo Ibañez Escribano (Seat–Orbea) was taken to the hospital, following a crash 8 km (5.0 mi) from the finish. On stage 10, Jørgen V. Pedersen won the day for Carrera–Inoxpran in a sprint finish, beating Johan Lammerts (Panasonic–Raleigh). Hinault finished 15th and retained his lead in the overall standings. Paul Sherwen (La Redoute) was involved in a crash just 1 km (0.62 mi) into the stage and suffered throughout, reaching the finish more than an hour behind Pedersen.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Vosges and Jura
Since he arrived so late, he had to traverse in between spectators who thought no more riders would come across the route. He was well outside the time limit, but the race jury, against the advice of the race director, decided to allow him to start the next stage, naming his "courage" after his early fall as the reason for their decision.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Alps
The race entered the high mountains on stage 11 with the first leg in the Alps to Avoriaz. The route crossed the summits of the Pas de Morgins and Le Corbier before arriving in Morzine for the final ascent. Hinault strengthened his claim on the overall victory by escaping early with Luis Herrera, who by now was too far down in the general classification to be a threat. Instead, Herrera collected the points for the mountains classification, a lead which he would hold until the end of the race. Herrera also won the stage, seven seconds ahead of Hinault. LeMond lost 1:41, coming in fifth in a group with Delgado and Fabio Parra (Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic). Hinault's lead therefore increased to exactly four minutes on second-placed LeMond in the overall standings.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Alps
Even though stage 12 featured seven categorised climbs, it saw no changes on the top of the general classification, as Parra and Herrera fought out the victory between teammates. This time, it was Parra who emerged the winner, on the same time as Herrera. Kelly and Niki Rüttimann (La Vie Claire) followed 38 seconds down, one second ahead of the group containing the other favourites, led home by Roche. During the stage, Joël Pelier (Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko), riding his first Tour, had followed Herrera, thinking he was joining a breakaway, not realising that Herrera was only sprinting for mountain points. Hinault, who was generally accepted as the patron, meaning the most influential rider, was unhappy with the acceleration in the field, as he wanted the tempo to remain slow. This led to an altercation between the two, with Hinault riding up to Pelier and to complain.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Alps
Weakened by his attacking riding style over the previous days, Hinault placed only second in the mountain time trial to Villard-de-Lans, about a minute behind Vanderaerden. Yet, his advantage over LeMond, who again had mechanical issues, increased to 5:23 minutes on the general classification. Roche lost 16 seconds to Hinault, Anderson 24 seconds and Kelly 35 seconds. Roche remained the closest competitor to the La Vie Claire duo, sitting third overall, 6:08 minutes behind Hinault, with Kelly fourth, at 6:35 minutes. Anderson was sixth, behind Bauer.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Transition through Massif Central
Following the only rest day of the Tour, stage 14 took the riders to Saint-Étienne in the Massif Central. The stage, following a hilly route, saw Luis Herrera attack again and gain more points for the mountains classification. Although he crashed on the final descent of the day, he prevailed to reach the finish line first, soaked in blood, 47 seconds ahead of a small group of riders containing LeMond. Hinault followed in a group almost two minutes later. As they approached the finish, Bauer's rear wheel hit a piece of traffic furniture.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Transition through Massif Central
As his bike moved sideways, it touched Anderson's, who crashed and brought down Hinault with him. The latter suffered a broken nose, but was able to finish the stage. As the accident had occurred within the final kilometre, the time he lost in the crash was not counted. However, Hinault rode the rest of the Tour with a stitched nose and two black eyes, caused by his sunglasses breaking when he fell. As a result of LeMond finishing ahead of him, Hinault's overall lead was cut down to 3:32 minutes.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Transition through Massif Central
Stage 15 was another transition stage. Hennie Kuiper (Verandalux–Dries–Nissan), winner of Milan–San Remo earlier in the year, did not take the start. Pedro Muñoz abandoned the race after 30 km (19 mi). Jean-Claude Bagot (Fagor) escaped on the third climb of the day, after 96 km (60 mi). After he was recaptured, another attack went, containing Joël Pelier. Hinault, suffering from his injuries, was unhappy with the accelerations and brought the escape group back himself, not least due to the participation of Pelier.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Transition through Massif Central
After 134 km (83 mi), Eduardo Chozas (Reynolds) attacked on a downhill section and managed to get away from the field. By the time he crossed the summit of the Col d'Entremont after 180 km (110 mi), his lead had increased to over ten minutes. With 15 km (9.3 mi) left to ride, the gap had increased to over 11 minutes, while Ludo Peeters (Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko) escaped from the main field. At the finish, Chozas took victory, 9:51 minutes ahead of Peeters, who just held off the group of favourites, led by Kelly. Hinault retained the race lead, while Chozas rose to seventh overall.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Transition through Massif Central
Another stage with minor categorised climbs followed the next day. Frédéric Vichot (Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko) broke clear of the field after 38 km (24 mi), building a maximum lead of more than twenty minutes. As he approached the finish, his advantage decreased significantly, but he won the stage, 3:12 minutes ahead of Mottet and Bontempi, as Hinault remained the leader of the race overall.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
My team stopped me. Köchli said to me: "How dare you attack Hinault when he's in difficulty?" They lost me the Tour because they told me to stop working, when I was strong enough to attack.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
–Greg LeMond, describing his view of the controversial stage 17


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
Congestion in his broken nose had led to bronchitis for Hinault, severely impacting his ability to perform. He was therefore weakened as the race entered the Pyrenees on stage 17. On the Col du Tourmalet, Renault–Elf set a high tempo, putting Hinault into difficulty. Pedro Delgado later recalled that he saw Hinault yelling at Herrera, at which point he decided to attack. With Delgado went Roche and LeMond, as well as Parra. Early leader Pello Ruiz Cabestany (Seat–Orbea) led over the top of the Tourmalet, 1:18 minutes ahead of Delgado, followed by LeMond, Roche, and Parra two minutes down.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
As they approached the final ascent to Luz Ardiden, LeMond and Roche were in front. LeMond asked his team car about the gap to Hinault. Koechli told LeMond that Hinault was only 45 seconds behind him and that he was not allowed to work with Roche, in order not to endanger La Vie Claire standing first and second on the general classification. He was told to hold station or attack and distance Roche.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
The latter heard the conversation between LeMond and his team car and remained alert, leading to both cancelling each other out and allowing other riders to catch back up. When LeMond saw that Hinault was not among them, he began to suspect that the gap he had been told was not correct. Delgado attacked from the main group and won the stage. LeMond eventually finished fifth, 2:52 minutes behind, and gained little over a minute on Hinault.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
At the finish, LeMond was visibly angry when interviewed by American television, saying that he felt betrayed by his team of a chance to win the Tour. In the general classification, Hinault remained in front, with LeMond 2:25 minutes behind. Views on the stage differ. LeMond describes how he was ready to quit the Tour that night, being severely disappointed by his team's refusal to let him work with Roche in order to win the Tour.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
Hinault meanwhile maintains that there were no bad feelings inside La Vie Claire during the 1985 Tour and that it was a clear case of not attacking a teammate who has the race lead. Later the same day, team owner Tapie and Hinault convinced LeMond to continue riding by assuring him that the year after, Hinault would work for LeMond. LeMond emerged from the meeting with a different public statement, telling the press that he got carried away after the finish and that he would continue to work for Hinault.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Pyrenees
Stage 18a, which was held in the morning, had a summit finish on the Col d'Aubisque. Roche attacked on the final ascent and won the stage, taking one-and-a-half minutes out of Hinault's lead. According to LeMond, Hinault was suffering so badly this time that LeMond had to push his teammate in order to conserve the race lead. Stage 18b in the afternoon was won by Roche's La Redoute teammate Régis Simon, who beat Álvaro Pino (Zor–Gemeaz Cusin) in a two-man sprint to the finish line. After the two split stages, Hinault's lead over LeMond stood at 2:13 minutes, with Roche in third, 3:30 minutes behind.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Final stages
With only one time trial to come, victory appeared all but secure for Hinault. Speaking to journalist Samuel Abt of The New York Times, five-time Tour winner Anquetil declared that he and Merckx would "accept him in our club with pleasure". Stage 19 to Bordeaux remained uneventful until about 30 km (19 mi) to the finish, when several riders tried, but failed, to escape. The race then settled for a bunch sprint, won by Vanderaerden ahead of Kelly by a very small margin.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Final stages
It was the first time during this Tour that the entire field, still 145 riders strong, reached the finish together. The following day, Johan Lammerts achieved the third stage victory for the Panasonic–Raleigh team. He had broken away with four other riders with 35 km (22 mi) to go and went clear of them 9 km (5.6 mi) from the finish to win by 21 seconds ahead of Andersen. LeMond gained several seconds through bonuses at intermediate sprints, closing the gap to Hinault to 1:59 minutes.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Final stages
On the penultimate day of the Tour, stage 21 saw the final time trial, around Lac de Vassivière near Limoges. LeMond did not incur any mechanical difficulties this time and won the stage, five seconds faster than Hinault. It was not only the first stage win for LeMond, but the first for a rider from the United States. After the stage, LeMond said: "Now I know I can beat Hinault. I know I can win the Tour de France." Third place went to Anderson, who finished 31 seconds slower than LeMond, with Kelly in fourth, 54 seconds adrift, five seconds faster than Roche.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Final stages
The final stage into Paris was, per tradition, a ceremonial affair, with no attacks to alter the general classification. In the final sprint, Rudy Matthijs took his third stage victory, with Sean Kelly finishing in second place for the fifth time during this Tour. Hinault finished safely in the field to win his fifth Tour de France, putting him equal with Anquetil and Merckx as record winner of the event, as well as securing his second Giro-Tour double, winning both races in the same year. During the final stage, Pedro Delgado used the small categorised climbs along the route to move past Robert Millar into second place in the mountains classification, ensuring his team the prize money that went with it.


1985 Tour de France, Race overview, Final stages
Hinault's final victory margin over LeMond was 1:42 minutes. Roche rounded out the podium in third place, 4:29 minutes behind. His compatriot Kelly finished fourth overall, at 6:26 minutes, ahead of Anderson. Five teams finished the Tour with all ten riders still in the race: La Vie Claire, Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko, Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko, Peugeot–Shell–Michelin, and Panasonic–Raleigh.


1985 Tour de France, Aftermath
Hinault reiterated his promise to work for LeMond the following year several times during the final part of the 1985 Tour. Following the time trial on the penultimate day, he publicly stated in an interview with French cycling magazine Miroir du Cyclisme: "I'll stir things up to help Greg win, and I'll have fun doing it. That's a promise." On the victory podium in Paris, he leaned over to LeMond, telling him: "Next year, it's you", repeating the pledge again during the celebration dinner of La Vie Claire that same evening. Public opinion saw Hinault and LeMond as good friends.


1985 Tour de France, Aftermath
The sports newspaper L'Équipe ran a cartoon on the day of the final stage, showing Hinault on a bicycle and LeMond next to him on a child's scooter, with Hinault saying "Because you've been so good, I'll take you along next year on my handlebars", to which LeMond replied: "Thanks, Uncle Bernard." LeMond's first Tour victory the following year did not come as easily as these pledges and jokes indicated. Hinault attacked several times during the 1986 Tour de France, only conceding defeat after the last time trial.


1985 Tour de France, Aftermath
LeMond was frustrated with the apparent unwillingness by Hinault to honour the deal, saying: "He made promises to me he never intended to keep. He made them just to relieve the pressure on himself." The rivalry between Hinault and LeMond in both the 1985 and 1986 Tours was subject of the documentary Slaying the Badger, part of ESPN's series 30 for 30. Based on the book by the same name by journalist Richard Moore, it premiered on 22 July 2014.


1985 Tour de France, Aftermath
In previous years, cyclists tied their shoes to their pedals with toe-clips, allowing them to not only push the pedals down but also pull them up. In 1985, Hinault used clip-ins (clipless pedals), which allowed the shoes to snap into the pedal. His victory in this Tour made these clip-ins popular.


1985 Tour de France, Aftermath
There was some criticism that the time trials were too important. If the time trials would have not counted towards the general classification, the result would have been as follows:


1985 Tour de France, Aftermath
The total length of the time trials reduced from 223 kilometres (139 mi) in 1985 to 180 kilometres (110 mi) in 1986. Tour director Félix Lévitan felt after the 1985 Tour de France that the race had been too easy and made the course in 1986 extra difficult, including more mountain climbs than before.


1985 Tour de France, Aftermath
This was the last year that the Tour de France was actively managed by Jacques Goddet, who had taken over as race director from the race's founder, Henri Desgrange, in 1936.


1985 Tour de France, Doping
After every stage, around four cyclists were selected for doping controls. None of these cyclists tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs. After the end of the Tour, world champion Claude Criquielion, who had finished 18th overall, was involved in a doping controversy. At the national championship race before the Tour, he had tested positive for Pervitin, but received no repercussions. The head of the laboratory at Ghent University, which had administered the analysis, subsequently resigned his post in the Medical Commission of the Belgian Cycling Association (KBWB) in protest.


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11
The 1985 Tour de France was the 72nd edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Plumelec with a prologue individual time trial on 28 June and Stage 11 occurred on 9 July with a mountainous stage to Morzine Avoriaz. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 21 July.


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Prologue
28 June 1985 — Plumelec, 6.8 km (4.2 mi) (individual time trial)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 1
29 June 1985 — Vannes to Lanester, 256 km (159.1 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 2
30 June 1985 — Lorient to Vitre, 246 km (152.9 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 3
1 July 1985 — Vitre to Fougères, 73.8 km (45.9 mi) (team time trial)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 4
2 July 1985 — Fougères to Pont-Audemer, 239 km (149 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 5
3 July 1985 — Neufchâtel-en-Bray to Roubaix, 224 km (139 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 6
4 July 1985 — Roubaix to Reims, 221.5 km (137.6 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 7
5 July 1985 — Reims to Nancy, 217.5 km (135.1 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 8
6 July 1985 — Sarrebourg to Strasbourg, 75 km (47 mi) (individual time trial)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 9
7 July 1985 — Strasbourg to Épinal, 173.5 km (107.8 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 10
8 July 1985 — Épinal to Pontarlier, 204.5 km (127.1 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11, Stage 11
9 July 1985 — Pontarlier to Morzine Avoriaz, 195 km (121 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22
The 1985 Tour de France was the 72nd edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Plumelec with a prologue individual time trial on 28 June and Stage 12 occurred on 10 July with a mountainous stage from Morzine. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 21 July.


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 12
10 July 1985 — Morzine to Lans-en-Vercors, 269 km (167.1 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 13
11 July 1985 — Villard-de-Lans, 31.8 km (19.8 mi) (individual time trial)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 14
13 July 1985 — Autrans to Saint-Étienne, 179 km (111 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 15
14 July 1985 — Saint-Étienne to Aurillac, 237.5 km (147.6 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 16
15 July 1985 — Aurillac to Toulouse, 247 km (153 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 17
16 July 1985 — Toulouse to Luz Ardiden, 209.5 km (130.2 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 18a
17 July 1985 — Luz-Saint-Sauveur to Aubisque, 52.5 km (32.6 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 18b
17 July 1985 — Laruns to Pau, 83.5 km (51.9 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 19
18 July 1985 — Pau to Bordeaux, 203 km (126 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 20
19 July 1985 — Montpon-Ménestérol to Limoges, 225 km (140 mi)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 21
20 July 1985 — Lac de Vassivière, 47.5 km (29.5 mi) (individual time trial)


1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22, Stage 22
21 July 1985 — Orléans to Paris Champs-Élysées, 196 km (122 mi)


1985 Tour de Romandie
The 1985 Tour de Romandie was the 39th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 7 May to 12 May 1985. The race started in Monthey and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Jörg Muller of the Skil team.


1985 Tour de Suisse
The 1985 Tour de Suisse was the 49th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 11 June to 20 June 1985. The race started in Locarno and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Phil Anderson of the Panasonic team.


1985 Tour du Haut Var
The 1985 Tour du Haut Var was the 17th edition of the Tour du Haut Var cycle race and was held on 24 February 1985. The race started in Draguignan and finished in Seillans. The race was won by Charly Mottet.


1985 Tour of Flanders
The 69th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling race took place on 7 April 1985. It was won by Belgian Eric Vanderaerden in an average speed of 39,605 km/h. The race was affected by abysmal weather, when a storm accompanied by wind and torrential rainfall, broke in the afternoon. Only 24 of 173 participants arrived.


1985 Tour of Flanders, Race summary
Eric Vanderaerden, a promising young Belgian, suffered a broken wheel at a critical point in the race, but managed to return to the back of the peloton by the foot of the Koppenberg, 70 km from the finish. On the slippery cobbles of the infamous climb, Vanderaerden is one of the only riders to stay on his bike as the peloton shattered. Slaloming around others who had to shoulder their bikes up the hill, he was back in fifteenth place at the top, before setting out in an improbable pursuit of the leaders.


1985 Tour of Flanders, Race summary
As a storm caused further havoc, the lead group became 6 riders, with Sean Kelly, Greg LeMond, Adrie van der Poel and Phil Anderson. Vanderaerden and Hennie Kuiper led the chase and finally rejoined the lead by the Eikenberg. Kuiper attacked on the Berendries, 28 km from the finish. Vanderaerden and his teammate Phil Anderson combined and bridged the gap with Kuiper at the base of the Muur van Geraardsbergen.


1985 Tour of Flanders, Race summary
As the weather further deteriorated, Vanderaerden broke clear from his worn-out companions on the Muur. The Belgian, considered a sprinter, rounded off a 20 km solo to claim his first major classics victory. Teammate Phil Anderson attacked Kuiper with 4 km to go, taking second place, before Kuiper. At 23, Vanderaerden became the youngest Post-World War II winner of the Tour of Flanders.


1985 Tour of Flanders, Weather conditions
The race gained a place in cycling legend because a severe storm broke out in the second half of the race, with cold, strong winds and torrential rainfall decimating the peloton. The high volume of water made roads extremely slick and concealed potholes, with the potential to take riders or their tyres out. After 200 km of racing only 40–50 riders remained. Historian Rik Vanwalleghem said:


1985 Tour of Flanders, Weather conditions
Vanderaerden was one of only 24 finishers, the lowest number in modern times.


1985 Tour of Flanders, Route
The race started in Sint-Niklaas and finished in Meerbeke (Ninove) – totaling 271 km. The course featured 12 categorized climbs:


1985 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1985 Tour of the Basque Country was the 25th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 1 April to 5 April 1985. The race started in Bera and finished in Erauskin. The race was won by Pello Ruiz Cabestany of the Orbea–Gin MG team.


1985 Tournament Players Championship
The 1985 Tournament Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour, held March 28–31 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, southeast of Jacksonville. It was the twelfth Tournament Players Championship.


1985 Tournament Players Championship
Calvin Peete shot 66 in the final round for 274 (–14) and the win, three strokes ahead of runner-up D. A. Weibring. Peete was the only player to break par in all four rounds.


1985 Tournament Players Championship
Defending champion Fred Couples finished nineteen strokes back, in a tie for 49th place.


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Venue
This was the fourth Tournament Players Championship held at the TPC at Sawgrass Stadium Course and it remained at 6,857 yards (6,270 m).


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
1. Top 125 players, if PGA Tour members, from Final 1984 Official Money List:


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
Tom Watson, Mark O'Meara, Andy Bean, Denis Watson, Tom Kite, Bruce Lietzke, Fred Couples, Craig Stadler, Greg Norman, Peter Jacobsen, Payne Stewart, Lee Trevino, Gil Morgan, Curtis Strange, Jack Nicklaus, Ben Crenshaw, Gary Koch, Corey Pavin, Jack Renner, Wayne Levi, John Mahaffey, Scott Simpson, David Edwards, Bob Eastwood, Calvin Peete, Hal Sutton, Scott Hoch, George Archer, Lanny Wadkins, Gary Hallberg, Hale Irwin, Dan Pohl, Hubert Green, Chip Beck, Ronnie Black, Larry Mize, George Burns, Nick Faldo, Tom Purtzer, Fuzzy Zoeller, Tim Simpson, Larry Nelson, Billy Kratzert, Jay Haas, Mike Donald, Johnny Miller, Jim Thorpe, Mike Reid, Mark McCumber, Russ Cochran, Seve Ballesteros, Rex Caldwell, Don Pooley, Buddy Gardner, Roger Maltbie, Doug Tewell, David Graham, Joey Sindelar, Larry Rinker, Willie Wood, Dave Barr, Mike Sullivan, Jim Colbert, D. A. Weibring, Nick Price, Bobby Wadkins, Raymond Floyd, Mark Pfeil, Vance Heafner, Tony Sills, Lon Hinkle, Jim Simons, Bernhard Langer, Jim Nelford, Tommy Nakajima, Keith Fergus, Peter Oosterhuis, John Adams, Ron Streck, Brad Faxon, Ralph Landrum, Isao Aoki, Gibby Gilbert, Gary McCord, Donnie Hammond, Loren Roberts, J. C. Snead, John Cook, Sammy Rachels, Clarence Rose, Mike Nicolette, Tim Norris, Allen Miller, Pat Lindsey, Richard Zokol, Frank Conner, Dan Halldorson, TC Chen, Joe Inman, Danny Edwards, Tom Jenkins, Pat McGowan, Dan Forsman, Howard Twitty, Morris Hatalsky, Phil Hancock, Jim Dent, Barry Jaeckel, Victor Regalado, Ken Brown, David Ogrin, Jodie Mudd, Mark Hayes, Mike Smith, Bobby Clampett, Jerry Pate, Ed Fiori, Mac O'Grady, John Fought, Mark Brooks, Lance Ten Broeck, Tommy Valentine, Brett Upper


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
3. Any foreign player meeting the requirements of a designated player, whether or not he is a PGA Tour member


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
4. Winners in the last 10 calendar years of the The Players Championship, PGA Championship, U.S. Open, Masters Tournament, and World Series of Golf (beginning In 1976)


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
5. The leader in Senior PGA Tour official earnings of 1984


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
6. The three players, not otherwise eligible, designated by the TPC Committee as "special selections"


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
7. To complete a field of 144 players, those players in order, not otherwise eligible, from the 1985 Official Money List, as of the completion of the USF&G Classic, March 17, 1985


1985 Tournament Players Championship, Field
Woody Blackburn, Bill Glasson, Brad Fabel, Paul Azinger, Sandy Lyle, Andrew Magee, Jay Delsing, Mike Bright, Bob Lohr, Chris Perry, Phil Blackmar, Wayne Grady, Greg Twiggs, Gene Sauers, David Lundstrom


1985 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1985 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament was held at J. I. Clements Stadium on the campus of Georgia Southern in Statesboro, Georgia on May 6 and 7. This was the seventh tournament championship held by the Trans America Athletic Conference, in its seventh year of existence. Georgia Southern won their second tournament championship.


1985 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament, Format and seeding
The winner of each of the conference's two divisions met in a best of three series.


1985 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team
The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team. An MVP was named for the first time in 1985.


1985 Trans America Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team, Most Valuable Player
Craig Cooper was named Tournament Most Valuable Player. Cooper was a first baseman for Georgia Southern.


1985 Trans-Am Series
The 1985 Bendix Brake Trans-Am Racing Series was the twentieth running of the Sports Car Club of America's premier series. Buick, despite having notable success in 1985, would never see another Trans Am victory.


1985 Transamerica Open
The 1985 Transamerica Open, also known as the Pacific Coast Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States. The event was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 95th edition of the tournament and was held from September 23 through September 29, 1985. Third-seeded Stefan Edberg won the singles title.


1985 Transamerica Open, Finals, Doubles
Paul Annacone /  Christo van Rensburg defeated  Brad Gilbert /  Sandy Mayer 3–6, 6–3, 6–4


1985 Trincomalee massacres
The 1985 Trincomalee massacres refers to a series of mass murder of Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan military and Sinhalese home guards in Trincomalee District, Sri Lanka. In a succession of events that spanned over two months, hundreds of Tamil civilians were massacred and thousands were driven out by the Sri Lankan military and Sinhalese mobs in order to colonize the area. Almost every Tamil settlement in the district was destroyed during this well-orchestrated campaign to drive out the local Tamil population. Several Tamil women were also raped. In September 1985, the entire Tamil population of Trincomalee town was displaced to forests and refugee camps in an attack that wiped out the town, including the destruction of 12 temples and a mosque.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, Background
Since the 1930s, the majority Sinhalese government settled Sinhalese in the predominantly Tamil speaking Eastern province, with the explicit intention to restore what they saw as lost ancient Sinhala settlements, as well as to reduce the Tamils' claim to local autonomy. Sinhalisation of Trincomalee was seen as the key to sundering the contiguity of Tamil habitations in the North and East. Tamil nationalists viewed this as an attempt to alter the demographics of their 'traditional Tamil homeland', thus weakening the Tamils' stake in it.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, Background
During the 1983 anti-Tamil pogrom, Trincomalee was the site of anti-Tamil violence at the hands of Sinhalese sailors.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks
Following is an incomplete list containing records of only reported and known attacks based on the availability of data.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 3
On May 3, 50 Tamil people will killed by the Sri Lankan military and Sinhalese mobs in Dehiwatte and Mahindapura. Tamil inhabitants of these villages were ethnically cleansed and Sinhalese settlers took their places.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 23
The Army and the newly inducted Sinhalese home guards commenced attacks on outlying Tamil villages in the Trincomalee District, in Nilaveli on 23 May 1985 and in the Allai settlement scheme south of Mutur the next day. Eight civilians were shot dead by the Military in Nilaveli on 23.05.1985.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 24
Sinhalese home guards from Dehiwatte killed two Tamil civilians from Kankuveli.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 24
More than ten people from Anpuvalipuram, who had gone in search of firewood never returned home. Their bulls and carts were found later. And their deaths were attributed to the home guards or the military.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 25
11 civilians are shot dead in Pankulam village, and houses of the residents burnt down. A father and his 12-year-old son who were travelling to visit their family in the nearby village of Kankuveli were hacked to death by the Sinhalese home guards. Their bodies were disposed at the Kankuveli tank.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 26
Over 40 houses and property belonging to Tamils in Echchilampattu were set on fire. Two civilians were killed. On the same day, several fishermen from the district were shot dead by the Sri Lankan Navy while they were fishing. Bodies of three fishermen were recovered.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 27
On 27 May 1985, a bus belonging to the State bus service CTB, was stopped at 52nd Milepost in Mahindapura and 6 of its passengers and its driver Pushparaja, all Tamils, were killed in cold blood and their bodies burnt by Sinhala mobs assisted by the home guards.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, May, May 31
On the night of 31 May a police party with home guards took away 37 Tamils from the south bank of Killiveddy.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, June, June 1
Government forces and Sinhalese mobs burned down 125 houses in Kilivetti, killing 10 Tamils. 8 Tamil men and 5 Tamil women were then taken to Dehiwatte, where the men were executed and the women raped.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, June, June 3
A bus carrying 13 Tamils was burned in Trincomalee. Mr. A. Thangathurai, a former Member of Parliament, was the only survivor and witness of the incident.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, June, June 3 and 4
Every single Tamil village close to a Sinhala colony in the Allai Extension Scheme was destroyed by government forces and Sinhalese mobs:


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, June, June 3 and 4
"The villages of Kilivetti, Menkamam, Sivapuram, Kankuveli, Pattitidal, Palaththadichenai, Arippu, Poonagar, Mallikaithivu, Peruveli, Munnampodivattai, Manalchenai, Bharatipuram, Lingapuram, Eechchilampattai, Karukkamunai, Mavadichchenai, Muttuchenai and Valaithottam were razed to the ground by a looting and plundering mob of Sinhala soldiers, policemen, home guards, and ordinary civilians. Over 80 people were reportedly killed, and 200 disappeared. Estimates of the number of houses destroyed vary between 'more than 1000' and 3,500."


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, June, June 5
On 5 June 1985, an air force helicopter flew over Thiriyai, the surviving northernmost Tamil village in Trincomalee District, firing at residents (Amarivayal and Thennamaravady villages had been uprooted seven months earlier). Air Force personnel then came in trucks with explosives and set fire to 700 houses. People who remained took refuge in the local school.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, June, June 13
Nine hundred houses belonging to Tamils at Kattaiparichchan, Sampur, Chenaiyur and Muthur were burned down by government forces.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, August, August 10
On 10 August 1985, the Army arrived again at Thiriyai and opened fire targeting some of the leaders, killing among 10 persons, a principal and a village headman.


1985 Trincomalee massacres, List of attacks, September, September 9
The last of the large-scale attacks was launched on Trincomalee town itself on 9 September 1985. Under cover provided by the Army, firing from the air by the Air Force and from the sea by naval gunboats, mainly Sinhalese home guards moved in to loot, burn and to kill. 25 civilians were killed and about 1500 houses and places of worship were destroyed.


1985 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1985 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first year under head coach Don Morton, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 6–5 record, 3–0 against conference opponents, and won the Missouri Valley Conference championship. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Steve Gage with 1,069 passing yards, Gordon Brown with 1,201 rushing yards, and Ronnie Kelly with 379 receiving yards.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa
The 1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa was the storming and attack that took place on 12 March 1985 by agents of the Armenian Revolutionary Army against the Turkish embassy in Ottawa, Canada.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa
Inside the embassy, the assailants rounded up hostages, including the wife of the Turkish ambassador, his teenage daughter, and embassy staff members—at least 12 people. The attack resulted in a single death, on-duty security officer Claude Brunelle—a 31-year-old student from the University of Ottawa—who shot at the gunmen and was shot in return, being killed instantly.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Background
The 1985 attack was the third assault on Turkish diplomatic personnel in Ottawa by Armenian gunmen in three years: in April 1982, the embassy's commercial counsellor, Kani Güngör, was shot and critically injured in a parking garage. The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia quickly took credit for the attack, which left the attaché paralyzed. Four months later, in August 1982, the embassy's military attaché, Col. Atilla Altıkat, was shot to death as he drove to work. The Justice Commandos Against Armenian Genocide claimed responsibility. In addition, other attacks by Armenians on Turkish targets, particularly diplomats, occurred in other countries during 1973–1994.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, The attack
The storming of the embassy on Wurtemberg Street, in Ottawa's embassy district about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of Parliament Hill, began shortly before 7 a.m., when three militants in a rented moving truck arrived at the embassy gate. They scaled the security gate and began shooting at the bulletproof security hut. Security officer Claude Brunelle, a 31-year-old student from the University of Ottawa, was on duty. As soon as the attack began, Brunelle called in the emergency code and left the hut to confront the gunmen. He fired four shots at the gunmen and took two shots in the chest, which killed Brunelle instantly.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, The attack
Using a powerful homemade bomb, the gunmen blasted open the heavy front door of the two-storey, Tudor-style home and embassy office. Once inside, they began rounding up hostages, including the wife of the Turkish ambassador, his teenage daughter and embassy staff members—at least 12 people. Ambassador Coşkun Kırca, a veteran career diplomat with United Nations experience, who had been in Canada less than two years, escaped by leaping from the second floor window at the back of the embassy, breaking his right arm, right leg and pelvis.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, The attack
The police response was almost immediate. Within three minutes, officers were on the scene. Four hours later, the gunmen released all hostages and surrendered—they tossed out their weapons and came out of the building with their hands up, asking only that they not be shot by police. Earlier, in telephone conversations with reporters, they demanded, in exchange for releasing their hostages, that Turkey acknowledge the 1915 "Armenian Genocide" and "return Armenian lands confiscated by Turkey." The gunmen, who said they were members of the Armenian Revolutionary Army told Ottawa police they blasted their way into the Turkish embassy "to make Turkey pay for the Armenian genocide" of 1915.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Indictment and trial
The attackers—Kevork Marachelian, 35, of LaSalle, Quebec; Rafi Panos Titizian, 27, of Scarborough, Ontario; and Ohannes Noubarian, 30, of Montreal—were charged with first-degree murder of security officer Claude Brunelle during the assault on the Turkish Embassy. They also faced charges of attacking the premises of a diplomat, endangering the life and liberty of Ambassador Coskun Kirca, setting off an explosion to get into the embassy and possessing grenades, handguns and shotguns.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Indictment and trial
Chahe Philippe Arslanian, a lawyer for two of the accused, said that his clients were not guilty: "It's evident that surely it was not a criminal act, but a political act," Arslanian told reporters. A year later, on 14 October 1986, the three men went on trial. An Ontario Supreme Court jury deliberated for 8.5 hours before finding Noubarian, Marachelian, and Titizian guilty of first-degree murder. Justice David Watt imposed the mandatory sentence of life imprisonment with no possibility of parole for 25 years.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Indictment and trial
After the jury gave its verdict and was dismissed, Noubarian told the court that what the three did "sprang from the national ideals we shared."


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Indictment and trial
However, something undesirable and regrettable happened and Mr. Brunelle died, resulting in the clouding of our aims and our goals and also resulting in our persecution and trial as simple criminals. But imprisoning individuals would not harm the Armenian cause. Individuals are mortal, but the Armenian nation lives and as long as it lives it will always demand its rights.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Indictment and trial
In February 2005, the National Parole Board of Canada decided to allow one of the men, Marachelian, to visit his family for the first time in 20 years. The board granted him two visits over the following six months, during which he had to be accompanied by a corrections officer.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Indictment and trial
Marachelian and Noubarian were released from prison on 19 February 2010. Titizian was also released during April 2010 and sent to Armenia on the day of his release to join his family living in that country.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Consequences
The attack on the Turkish Embassy was a major international embarrassment for Canada. For years, foreign diplomats in Ottawa had asked the Canadian government for better security, but to no avail. Turkey declared Ottawa to be one of the most dangerous places in the world for Turkish diplomats. Canada needed a unit that was capable of defeating a determined and well-armed group of militants. This need was ignored until the 12 March 1985 attack on the embassy: the event changed the Canadian government's attitude toward militants and led to the creation of the RCMP Special Emergency Response Team.


1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa, Consequences
Claude Brunelle was awarded the Star of Courage for delaying the assailants long enough to allow the Turkish Ambassador to escape.


1985 Tuscan regional election
Tuscan regional election of 1985 took place on 12 May 1985.


1985 Tuscan regional election, Electoral law
Election was held under proportional representation with provincial constituencies where the largest remainder method with a Droop quota was used. To ensure more proportionality, remained votes and seats were transferred at regional level and calculated at-large.


1985 Tuscan regional election, Results
The Italian Communist Party was by far the largest party. After the election Gianfranco Bartolini, the incumbent Communist President of the Region, formed a new government with the support of the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party.


1985 Tuvaluan general election
General elections were held in Tuvalu on 12 September 1985. As there were no political parties, all candidates for the 12 seats ran as independents, with nine of the incumbents retaining their seats. Tomasi Puapua was re-elected Prime Minister following the elections.


1985 Tuvaluan general election, Results
Nine incumbent members were re-elected, including Prime Minister Tomasi Puapua and Minister of Finance Henry Naisali. On 21 September, Tomasi Puapua was re-elected as Prime Minister; he subsequently appointed a five-member Cabinet.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election
The Tyne Bridge by-election, 1985 was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 December 1985 for the British House of Commons constituency of Tyne Bridge.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Previous MP
The seat fell vacant when the constituency's Labour Member of Parliament (MP), Harry Lowes Cowans (19 December 1932 – 3 October 1985) died.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Previous MP
Cowans was elected MP for Newcastle-upon-Tyne Central at a 1976 by-election. After boundary changes, he was elected for Tyne Bridge in 1983 general election.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
Six candidates were nominated. The list below is set out in descending order of the number of votes received at the by-election.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
1. Representing the Labour Party was David Gordon Clelland (born 27 June 1943), who was 42 years old at the time of the by-election. He was a member of the Engineering Union, who had worked on the shop floor for 22 years before being made redundant. He was secretary of a local government association and was leader of Gateshead Council at the time of the by-election.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
Clelland was the Member of Parliament for Tyne Bridge until 2010.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
2. The Social Democratic Party (SDP) candidate, representing the SDP-Liberal Alliance, was Rod Kenyon. He was a Personnel Manager for Northern Gas and was aged 40 at the time of the by-election. He had contested the seat of Houghton and Washington in the 1983 general election.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
3. The Conservative candidate was Mrs. Jacqueline Anne "Jacqui" Lait (born on 16 December 1947), a then 37-year-old with a Westminster and European Parliamentary Consultancy.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
Since 1985 Mrs. Lait has served in the House of Commons, first representing Hastings and Rye from 1992 until she was defeated in the 1997 general election. She was then returned, at a by-election later in 1997, as MP for Beckenham, which she represented until 2010.


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
4. John Connell was an Independent, using the ballot paper label "Peace Candidate".


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
5. George Weiss (born 1940) was another Independent candidate, using the ballot paper label "Captain Rainbow Universal Party (Abolish Parliament)".


1985 Tyne Bridge by-election, Candidates
6. Peter Reid Smith was nominated with the description "New National". During the campaign he admitted that he had forged the signatures of the ten electors needed on his nomination papers; he was subsequently charged with forgery.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships
The 1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships was a men's Grand Prix and women's Championship Series tennis tournament held at the Indianapolis Tennis Center in Indianapolis in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 17th edition of the tournament and was held from July 21 to July 29, 1985. Ivan Lendl and Andrea Temesvári won the singles titles.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Ken Flach /  Robert Seguso defeated  Pavel Složil /  Kim Warwick 6–4, 6–4


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Katerina Maleeva /  Manuela Maleeva defeated  Penny Barg /  Paula Smith 2–6, 6–3, 6–4


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's Doubles
Top-seeds Ken Flach and Robert Seguso won the title for the second successive year, beating second-seeded pair Pavel Složil and Kim Warwick in the final.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round. A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's Singles
Top-seeded Ivan Lendl overcame the defending champion, Andrés Gómez, in the final to claim his fifth title of the year and $51,000 prize money.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round. A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Women's Doubles
Seventh-seeded sisters Katerina Maleeva and Manuela Maleeva claimed the title by defeating third-seeds Penny Barg and Paula Smith in the final.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Women's Doubles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Women's Singles
Top-seeded Manuela Maleeva was the defending champion but fell in the quarterfinals to Kate Gompert. Fourth-seed Andrea Temesvári claimed the title and $38,000 first prize money by defeating Zina Garrison in the final.


1985 U.S. Clay Court Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round. A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held in early 1985 at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The event was one of the criteria used to select the U.S. teams for the 1985 World Championships.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Men
Following the retirement of Olympic gold medalist Scott Hamilton, Brian Boitano landed seven triple jumps in the free skating to capture his first national title. Mark Cockerell, appearing in his ninth nationals, finished a career-best second, and Christopher Bowman moved up from eighth to fourth with an outstanding free skating.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Men
Boitano would go on to capture the bronze medal at the 1985 World Championships.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ladies
Coming off a fourth-place finish at the 1984 Winter Olympics, Tiffany Chin was the heavy favorite and won all three phases of the competition to capture the crown. Second place finisher Debi Thomas became the first black American singles skater to qualify for the World Figure Skating Championships.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ladies
Chin would go on to win the bronze medal at the 1985 World Championships, while Thomas finished fifth in her World debut.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Pairs
After her previous partner, Burt Lancon, turned professional, 1984 Olympian Jill Watson teamed with Peter Oppegard to take the pairs crown. They were followed in second place by siblings Natalie and Wayne Seybold.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Pairs
Watson and Oppegard would finish fourth in the 1985 World Championships.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ice dancing
Judy Blumberg / Michael Seibert won their fifth consecutive national title and would go on to earn the bronze medal at the 1985 World Championships.


1985 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Novice results
Todd Eldredge and Katie Wood took gold in the novice men's and ladies' categories, respectively.


1985 U.S. Indoor Championships
The 1985 U.S. Indoor Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at the Racquet Club of Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee in the United States from January 28 to February 3, 1985. Ninth-seeded Stefan Edberg won the singles title.


1985 U.S. Indoor Championships, Finals, Doubles
Pavel Složil /  Tomáš Šmíd defeated  Kevin Curren /  Steve Denton 1–6, 6–3, 6–4


1985 U.S. Indoor Championships – Doubles
The Men’s Doubles tournament of the 1985 US Indoor Tennis Championships took place in Memphis, USA, between 28 January and 3 February 1985. 32 players (16 pairs) from 17 countries competed in the 5-round tournament. The winning doubles pair was Pavel Složil and Tomáš Šmíd, both of Czechoslovakia, who defeated Kevin Curren and Steve Denton, both of the USA.


1985 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1985 U.S. Open was the 85th U.S. Open, held June 13–16 at the South Course of Oakland Hills Country Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit. Andy North, the 1978 champion, won his second U.S. Open title by a stroke over runners-up Dave Barr, Chen Tze-chung, and Denis Watson.


1985 U.S. Open (golf)
Chen had a historic beginning to the U.S. Open. In his first three rounds, he established a new course record at Oakland Hills with a 65, made the first double eagle in U.S. Open history, and established both 36 and 54-hole scoring records. Heading into the final round, he owned a one-stroke advantage over North, who shot 65 in the second round and 70 in the third. Chen increased his lead over North to four shots after just four holes of play.


1985 U.S. Open (golf)
But at the 5th hole, disaster struck for Chen as he suffered one of the biggest single-hole blowups in tournament history. His approach shot from the fairway found deep rough well short and right of the green. His first chip shot stopped several yards short of the green. Hitting his fourth shot, and still in the deep rough, Chen's wedge got tangled up in the grass upon impact and struck the ball a second time on the follow-thru, sending the ball careening short of the green. Now lying five, he chipped on and two-putted for an quadruple bogey 8.


1985 U.S. Open (golf)
He had seen a four-stroke lead vanish in one hole and was now tied with playing partner North. Unnerved by the mistake, Chen proceeded to bogey the next three holes, and North took a one-stroke lead over Barr at the turn. Chen recovered with a birdie at 12, and after North bogeyed 9, 10, and 11, he found himself back in a share of the lead. North, however, would be the last man standing. He birdied 13 while Chen bogeyed 14 and 17 and Barr bogeyed his final two holes to finish at 280. With a two-stroke lead heading to the 18th, North two-putted for bogey and a one-stroke victory.


1985 U.S. Open (golf)
In the final round North hit only four fairways and recorded just one birdie. For the tournament, he had just nine birdies, the lowest by a champion in post-World War II U.S. Open history. North finished at 279 (−1), the only one to finish under par. It was his first PGA Tour win since the 1978 U.S. Open, and was his last on tour.


1985 U.S. Open (golf)
Jack Nicklaus shot 149 (+9) and missed the cut by three strokes, ending a streak of 21 consecutive cuts made at the U.S. Open.


1985 U.S. Open (golf)
This was the seventh major championship at the South Course, which previously hosted the U.S. Open in 1924, 1937, 1951, and 1961, and the PGA Championship in 1972 and 1979. It later hosted the U.S. Open in 1996 and the PGA Championship in 2008.


1985 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Second round
Amateurs: Sigel (+5), Verplank (+6), Randolph (+7), Townes (+12), Van Orman (+17), Tominaga (+18), Janzen (+21), Townes (+22)


1985 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
The 1985 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, also known by its sponsored name Union Warren Bank U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The event was part of the Super Series of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 58th edition of the tournament and was held from July 8 through July 15, 1985. First-seeded Mats Wilander won the singles title and earned $35,700 first-prize money.


1985 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Libor Pimek /  Slobodan Živojinović defeated  Peter McNamara /  Paul McNamee 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(8–6)


1985 U.S. Women's Open
The 1985 U.S. Women's Open was the 40th U.S. Women's Open, held July 11–14 at the Upper Course of Baltusrol Golf Club, in Springfield, New Jersey, west of New York City.


1985 U.S. Women's Open
Kathy Baker, 24, won her first LPGA Tour event and only major title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Judy Clark (later Dickinson). Baker (later Guadagnino) held the lead after 54 holes at 210 (−6), one stroke ahead of Clark and 36-hole leader Nancy Lopez.


1985 U.S. Women's Open
The Upper Course previously hosted the U.S. Open in 1936, won by Tony Manero. The U.S. Women's Open in 1961 was played on the more renowned Lower Course, where Mickey Wright won the third of her four titles.


1985 UC Davis Aggies football team
The 1985 UC Davis football team represented the University of California, Davis in the 1985 NCAA Division II football season. UC Davis competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC).


1985 UC Davis Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by head coach Jim Sochor in his 16th year. They played home games at Toomey Field. UC Davis finished the season as champion of the NCAC for the 15th consecutive season and it was their 16th consecutive winning season. The Aggies finished the regular season with a record of nine wins and one loss (9–1, 5–0 NCAC) and were ranked Number 1 in the last three Division II rankings. With the 5–0 conference record, they stretched their conference winning streak to 26 games dating back to the 1981 season.


1985 UC Davis Aggies football team
At the end of the season, the Aggies qualified for the Division II playoffs for the fourth consecutive year. In the first playoff game they were defeated by North Dakota State. This was the third straight year that North Dakota State eliminated UC Davis in the playoffs. That brought the Aggies final record to nine wins and two losses (9–2, 5–0 NCAC). The Aggies outscored their opponents 388–191 for the season.


1985 UC Davis Aggies football team, NFL Draft
The following UC Davis Aggies players were selected in the 1986 NFL Draft.


1985 UCF Knights football team
The 1985 UCF Knights football season was the seventh for the team. It was the first for Gene McDowell as the head coach of the Knights. The team finished with a 4–7 overall record.


1985 UCF Knights football team
The Knights competed as an NCAA Division II Independent. The team played their home games at the Citrus Bowl in Downtown Orlando


1985 UCI Road World Championships
The 1985 UCI Road World Championships took place on 1 September 1985 in Giavera del Montello, Italy.


1985 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1985 UCI Road World Championships was the 52nd edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 1 September 1985 in Monkeyland, Italy. The race was won by Joop Zoetemelk of the Netherlands.


1985 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1985 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Bassano del Grappa, Italy in 1985. Fourteen events were contested, 12 for men (5 for professionals, 7 for amateurs) and 2 for women.


1985 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1985 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their tenth year under head coach Terry Donahue, the Bruins compiled a 9–2–1 record (6–2 Pac-10), finished in first place in the Pacific-10 Conference, and were ranked #7 in the final AP Poll. The Bruins went on to defeat #4 Iowa in the 1986 Rose Bowl. Running back Eric Ball was selected as the most valuable player in the 1986 Rose Bowl.


1985 UCLA Bruins football team
UCLA's offensive leaders in 1985 were quarterback David Norrie with 1,819 passing yards, running back Gaston Green with 712 rushing yards, and wide receiver Karl Dorrell with 565 receiving yards.


1985 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, California
UCLA moved into first place in the Pac-10 with the win.


1985 UCLA Bruins football team, 1986 NFL Draft
The following players were drafted into professional football following the season.


1985 UCLA Bruins men's soccer team
The 1985 UCLA Bruins men's soccer team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1985 NCAA Division I men's soccer season.


1985 UCLA Bruins men's soccer team
The Bruins won their first ever NCAA championship this year, defeating American, 1–0 after 8 overtime periods. Andy Burke scored the match-winning goal for UCLA in the 167th minute, which to date, is the longest-ever NCAA soccer game.


1985 UCLA Bruins men's soccer team, Review
The 1985 team is best known as being the first UCLA soccer team to win the NCAA title, winning 1–0 over American University at the now-demolished Kingdome, in Seattle on December 14, 1985. The season saw the Bruins only lose one match the entire season, a 2–1 decision against the Fresno State Bulldogs in Northridge, California on September 25. During the 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, the Bruins only conceded one goal, in the semifinals at Evansville on a penalty kick by Chris Machold. The win against Evansville, sent the Bruins to their first NCAA championship match since 1973, ending a 12-year drought in terms of appearances.


1985 UCLA Bruins men's soccer team, Review
The championship match, clocking in at 166 minutes and five seconds, is, by far, the longest NCAA Division I Men's Championship Game match in history. The match involved a record-breaking eight overtimes (this was prior to the penalty kick shoot-out rule that was subsequently implemented). At the time, overtime consisted of five-minute sudden death overtime periods. This caused broken run-of-play. In the 167th minute, Andy Burke, who had hardly played much of the season, came on to the pitch to score the match-winning goal against American, locking UCLA with their first ever NCAA championship. Burke made himself open to receive a through pass from Krumpe and scored on a far-post shot from 13 yards out. The goal was his first ever as a Bruin.


1985 UCLA Bruins men's soccer team, Review
Schmid said on the game: "Andy hadn’t played much that year. Before the game, his dad had read an article in the Wall Street Journal that talked about how the last guy, the most unexpected person, is the one who makes the biggest contribution sometimes. He had relayed that message to Andy the day before, and the next day Andy went out and made the biggest contribution. Anytime you win a championship, it obviously takes a special place. This one ranks right up there with all of the other championships. The first one is always a little special, though, because it’s the first one. As a player, I played in three Final Fours but never won it, so it was especially satisfying to win it the first time as a coach."


1985 UCLA Bruins softball team
The 1985 UCLA Bruins softball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1985 NCAA Division I softball season. The Bruins were coached by Sharron Backus, who led her eleventh season. The Bruins played their home games at Sunset Field and finished with a record of 41–9. They competed in the Western Collegiate Athletic Association, where they finished second with a 9–3 record.


1985 UCLA Bruins softball team
The Bruins were invited to the 1985 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament, where they won the At-large Regional and then completed a run through the Women's College World Series to claim their third NCAA Women's College World Series Championship. The Bruins had earlier claimed an AIAW title in 1978, the first NCAA event in 1982 and the 1984 NCAA title.


1985 UEFA Cup Final
The 1985 UEFA Cup Final was an association football tie played on 8 May and 22 May 1985 between Real Madrid of Spain and Videoton of Hungary. Real Madrid won 3–1 on aggregate. Real would later make this a cup-double, by winning the Copa de la Liga on 15 June after another two-legged final, against their cross-town rivals Atlético Madrid.


1985 UEFA Cup Final
Real Madrid's 1985 UEFA Cup win marked the club's first European silverware in nearly two decades (prior to this, their last major European honour had been the triumph in the 1965–66 European Cup).


1985 UEFA Cup Final, Route to the final
En route to the final, Real Madrid knocked out the holders, Tottenham Hotspur, in the quarter-finals, defeating the London-based club by a score of 1–0 on aggregate. The lone goal of the tie was an own goal from Tottenham's Steve Perryman during the first leg.


1985 UEFA European Under-16 Championship
The 1985 UEFA European Under-16 Championship was the third edition of UEFA's European Under-16 Football Championship. Hungary hosted the championship, during 17–26 May 1985. 16 teams entered the competition, and the Soviet Union won its first title.


1985 UEFA European Under-16 Championship qualifying
This page describes the qualifying procedure for the 1985 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship. 25 teams were divided into 12 groups of two and three teams each. The twelve winners advanced to the final tournament.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 59th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The closure of White City in 1984 had hit the industry hard but two greyhounds by the names of Ballyregan Bob and Scurlogue Champ began to popularize the sport once again. Ballyregan Bob won 21 consecutive races by the end of the year including the Olympic final, Test and Essex Vase final. Trainer George Curtis then chose wisely as to which events to go for in order to preserve the chance of breaking the world record which stood at 31. He was voted Greyhound of the Year.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
Scurlogue Champ became a crowd favourite with his remarkable running style and became a household name when winning BBC Television Trophy on 22 May at Monmore and setting 13 new track records around the country.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) released the annual returns, with totalisator turnover at £59,110,759 and attendances recorded at 3,786,216 from 4736 meetings. Track tote remained at 17.5% and government tote tax at 4%.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Southend closed after Boxing Day and Weymouth was redeveloped which ended the greyhound racing there. The Crayford & Bexleyheath Stadium raced until 18 May before the stadium was closed for major redevelopment by Ladbrokes. Work started on a new stadium on a different part of the site and would become known as Crayford Stadium.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Brough Park was sold again when former trainer Kevin Wilde headed a management team that leased the track. Kinsley was taken over by John Curran and Keith Morrell and Poole shut for four months during renovation.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Whitwood in Castleford raced for the first time under NGRC rules after switching from independent status.


1985 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
An Act of Parliament was passed in July allowing tracks to choose their own days of racing. NGRC secretary Fred Underhill had campaigned to change the laws governing race days and frequency of race days.