1983 in poetry, Works published in other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1983 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:


1983 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1983 in professional wrestling
1983 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1983 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1983.


1983 in science
The year 1983 in science and technology involved many significant events, as listed below.


1983 in sports
1983 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1983 in the Philippines
1983 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in that year.


1983 in the United Arab Emirates
The following lists events that happened during 1983 in the United Arab Emirates.


1983 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1983. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


1983 in the sport of athletics
This article contains an overview of the year 1983 in athletics.


1983 in video games
1983 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Mario Bros. and Pole Position II, as well as new titles such as Spy Hunter, Astron Belt, Champion Baseball, Dragon's Lair and Elevator Action. Major events include the video game crash of 1983 in North America, and the third generation of video game consoles beginning with the launch of the Family Computer (Nintendo Entertainment System) and Sega SG-1000 in Japan.


1983 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games
Pole Position was the most successful arcade game of 1983.


1983 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, Japan
In Japan, Game Machine magazine began publishing half-monthly charts of top-grossing arcade games from June 1, 1983. The following titles were the top-grossing arcade video games on the Game Machine charts from June to December 1983.


1983 in video games, Financial performance, Highest-grossing arcade games, United States
In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1983, according to RePlay magazine, the Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA), and Cash Box magazine.


1983 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games
The following titles were the top five best-selling first-party home video games of 1983.


1983 in video games, Financial performance, Best-selling home video games
The following titles were listed by Billboard magazine as the top ten best-selling home video games in the United States between September 1982 and March 1983.


1983 motorcycle tariff
The 1983 motorcycle tariff, or Memorandum on Heavyweight Motorcycle Imports, was a presidential memorandum ordering a 45% tariff on motorcycles imported to the United States, signed by President Ronald Reagan on April 1, 1983, on the US International Trade Commission's (USITC) recommendation to approve Harley-Davidson's petition for import relief. The tariff expired in 1988.


1983 motorcycle tariff
During the first year of the tariff, the tariff was set at 45%, then dropping to 39.4% in the second year. In the third year, the rate dropped to 24.4%, then 19.4% in the fourth year and 14.4% in the fifth year.


1983 motorcycle tariff
In the early 1980s, Harley-Davidson petitioned the USITC, saying that Japanese manufacturers were importing motorcycles into the US in such volume as to harm or threaten to harm domestic producers. The USITC agreed and recommend to President Reagan impose a 45% tariff on imported motorcycles with engine capacities greater than 700 cc (43 cu in). Regan signed a memorandum ordering the tariff on April 1, 1983, and signed Presidential Proclamation 5050 on April 15, enacting 97 Stat. 1574 to the United States Code.


1983 motorcycle tariff
Harley-Davidson subsequently rejected offers of assistance from Japanese motorcycle makers. However, the company did offer to drop the request for the tariff in exchange for loan guarantees from the Japanese.


1983 reasons of the Supreme Court of Canada
The list below consists of the reasons delivered from the bench by the Supreme Court of Canada during 1983. This list, however, does not include decisions on motions.


1983 Ålandic legislative election
Legislative elections were held in the Åland Islands on 16 October 1983 to elect members of the Landstinget. The 30 members were elected for a four-year term by proportional representation.


1983 Ålandic legislative election
The election were the last in which the Ålandic Left participated in an election.


1983 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and ÍA won the championship. Valur's Ingi Björn Albertsson was the top scorer with 14 goals.


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)
"1983… (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)" is a song recorded in 1968 for the third studio album, Electric Ladyland, by the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Written and produced by Jimi Hendrix, the song features flute player Chris Wood of the band Traffic, and at over 13 minutes in duration is the second longest track released by the group (after "Voodoo Chile").


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be), Recording and production
Hendrix first recorded a private demo of "1983… (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)" in a New York apartment in March 1968. It is a solo performance with guitar and vocals. In 1995, this recording was included on the companion disc of a book titled Voodoo Child: The Illustrated Legend of Jimi Hendrix. In 2018, it was included on the additional disc of the 50th Anniversary Edition of Electric Ladyland.


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be), Recording and production
The first Experience recording of the song took place at New York's Sound Center Studios on March 13, 1968. On April 22, 1968, the backing track was completed at the Record Plant, with Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell on drums, and Chris Wood, then a member of Traffic, on flute. Additional overdubs were added on May 8, and the song was completed and mixed at the Record Plant on June 10. For the released version, Hendrix plays all guitars, vocals, percussion and bass (Redding was absent from the track), with Mitchell on drums and Wood on flute.


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be), Recording and production
The track features backwards guitar and flute parts, the sounds of seagulls produced by manipulating microphone feedback, and a flexatone that makes a ringing bell sound. By this time, Chas Chandler had stepped down as Hendrix's producer. Instead, production was led by Hendrix, while the engineering was handled by Eddie Kramer and studio owner Gary Kellgren.


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be), Composition and lyrics
In the book Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy, Hendrix commentators Harry Shapiro and Caesar Glebbeek propose that "1983…" is "a song of firsts and lasts", describing the music as "Jimi's first piece of major orchestration, using the full capacities of the Record Plant's studio facilities", and contrasting the lyrical content as "the last of Jimi's surreal apocalypses; despairing of mankind, he finally returns to the sea, the source of all life".


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be), Composition and lyrics
They also note that the song contains references to "Jimi's two favourite metaphors", sand and water, and that some of the phrases within the lyrics connote his "belief in the power of positive thinking apparent in his music, lyrics and interviews through all the rest of his life". In an interview with Jane De Mendelssohn for International Times in 1969, Hendrix explained the significance of the track to be "something to keep your mind off what's happening … but not necessarily completely hiding away from it like some people do".


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be), Reception
In reviews of Electric Ladyland, "1983… (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)" has often been identified as a highlight of the album. Writing for the BBC in 2007, critic Chris Jones described the track as a "stoned classic", praising the way it "[utilises] washes of backwards tape, jazzy timeshifts and far out fish-friendly lyrics to tell the tale of future apocalypse and return to the oceans". English music magazine Uncut writer John Robinson has summed up the track as a "brain-frying psychedelic epic", while Cub Koda of website AllMusic labels the track simply as "spacy".


1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be), Reception
American music magazine Rolling Stone treated the song slightly differently: Dedicating a paragraph of his 1968 review of Electric Ladyland to the track, writer Tony Glover summarised the lyrical content of the song before noting that "With tape loops, melancholy guitar and the flute of Chris Wood ... Hendrix structures a beautiful undersea mood – only to destroy it with some heavy-handed guitar. My first reaction was, why did he have to do that? Then I thought that he created a beautiful thing, but lost faith [in] it, and so destroyed it before anybody else could – in several ways, a bummer."


1983–1984 Massachusetts legislature
The 173rd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1983 and 1984 during the governorship of Michael Dukakis. William Bulger served as president of the Senate and Thomas W. McGee served as speaker of the House.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
A widespread famine affected Ethiopia from 1983 to 1985. The worst famine to hit the country in a century, it left 1.2 million dead. Four hundred thousand refugees left the country, and 2.5 million people were internally displaced. Almost 200,000 children were orphaned.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
According to Human Rights Watch, more than half its mortality could be attributed to "human rights abuses causing the famine to come earlier, strike harder and extend further than would otherwise have been the case". Other areas of Ethiopia experienced famine for similar reasons, resulting in tens of thousands of additional deaths. The famine as a whole took place a decade into the Ethiopian Civil War.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
The famine of 1983–1985 is most often ascribed to drought and climatic phenomena. However, Human Rights Watch has alleged that widespread drought occurred only some months after the famine was under way. According to the organisation, and Oxfam UK, the famines that struck Ethiopia between 1961 and 1985, and in particular the one of 1983–1985, were in large part created by government policies, specifically a set of so-called counter-insurgency strategies (against Tigray People's Liberation Front guerrilla-soldiers), and for "social transformation" in non-insurgent areas (against people of Tigray Province, Wollo Province and such).


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
The Mengistu Haile Mariam-led military dictatorship (Derg) used this 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia as government policy (by restricting food supplies) for counter-insurgency strategy (against Tigray People's Liberation Front guerrilla-soldiers), and for "social transformation" in non-insurgent areas (against people of Tigray province, Welo province and such). Due to organized government policies that deliberately multiplied the effects of the famine, around 1.2 million people died in Ethiopia from the famine where the majority of the death tolls were from the present day Tigray Region and Amhara Region and other parts of northern Ethiopia.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
Before the 1983–1985 famine, two decades of wars of national liberation and other anti-government conflict had raged throughout northern Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea. The most prominent feature of the fighting was the use of indiscriminate violence against civilians by the Ethiopian Army and Air Force. Excluding those killed by famine and resettlement, more than 150,000 people were killed.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
The economy of Ethiopia is based on agriculture: almost half of GDP, 60% of exports, and 80% of total employment come from agriculture.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
In 1973, a famine in Wollo killed an estimated 40,000 to 80,000, mostly of the marginalized Afar herders and Oromo tenant farmers, who suffered from the widespread confiscation of land by the wealthy classes and government of Emperor Haile Selassie. Despite attempts to suppress news of this famine, leaked reports contributed to the undermining of the government's legitimacy and served as a rallying point for dissidents, who complained that the wealthy classes and the Ethiopian government had ignored both the famine and the people who had died.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
Then in 1974, a group of military officers known as the Derg overthrew Haile Selassie. The Derg addressed the Wollo famine by creating the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) to examine the causes of the famine and prevent its recurrence, and then abolishing feudal tenure in March 1975. The RRC initially enjoyed more independence from the Derg than any other ministry, largely due to its close ties to foreign donors and the quality of some of its senior staff. As a result, insurgencies began to spread into the country's administrative regions.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
By late 1976 insurgencies existed in all of the country's fourteen administrative regions. The Red Terror (1976–1978) marked the beginning of a steady deterioration in the economic state of the nation, coupled with extractive policies targeting rural areas. The reforms of 1975 were revoked and the Agricultural Marketing Corporation (AMC) was tasked with extracting food from rural peasantry at low rates to placate the urban populations. The very low fixed price of grain served as a disincentive to production, and some peasants had to buy grain on the open market in order to meet their AMC quota.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
Citizens in Wollo, which continued to be stricken with drought, were required to provide a "famine relief tax" to the AMC until 1984. The Derg also imposed a system of travel permits to restrict peasants from engaging in non-agricultural activities, such as petty trading and migrant labor, a major form of income supplementation. However, the collapse of the system of State Farms, a large employer of seasonal laborers, resulted in an estimated 500,000 farmers in northern Ethiopia losing a component of their income. Grain wholesaling was declared illegal in much of the country, resulting in the number of grain dealers falling from between 20,000 and 30,000 to 4,942 in the decade after the revolution.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
The nature of the RRC changed as the government became increasingly authoritarian. Immediately after its creation, its experienced core of technocrats produced highly regarded analyses of Ethiopian famine and ably carried out famine relief efforts. However, by the 1980s, the Derg had compromised its mission. The RRC began with the innocuous scheme of creating village workforces from the unemployed in state farms, and government agricultural schemes but, as the counter-insurgency intensified, the RRC was given responsibility for a program of forced resettlement and villagization.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Background
As the go-between for international aid organizations and foreign donor governments, the RRC redirected food to government militias, in particular in Eritrea and Tigray. It also encouraged international agencies to set up relief programs in regions with surplus grain production, which allowed the AMC to collect the excess food. Finally, the RRC carried out a disinformation campaign during the 1980s famine, in which it portrayed the famine as being solely the result of drought and overpopulation and tried to deny the existence of the armed conflict that was occurring precisely in the famine-affected regions. The RRC also claimed that the aid being given by it and its international agency partners were reaching all of the famine victims.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
Four Ethiopian provinces—Gojjam, Hararghe, Tigray and Wollo—all received record low rainfalls in the mid-1980s. In the south, a separate and simultaneous cause was the government's response to Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) insurgency. In 1984, Mengistu Haile Mariam announced that 46% of the Ethiopian Gross National Product would be allocated to military spending, creating the largest standing army in sub-Saharan Africa; the allocation for health in the government budget fell from 6% in 1973–1974 to 3% by 1990–1991.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
Although a UN estimate of one million deaths is often quoted for the 1983–1985 famine, this figure has been challenged by famine scholar Alex de Waal. In a major study, de Waal criticized the United Nations for being "remarkably cavalier" about the numbers of people who died, with the UN's one-million figure having "absolutely no scientific basis whatsoever," a fact which represents "a trivialization and dehumanization of human misery.". De Waal estimates that 400,000 to 500,000 died in the famine.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
Nevertheless, the magnitude of the disaster has been well documented: in addition to hundreds of thousands of deaths, millions were made destitute. Media activity in the West, along with the size of the crisis, led to the "Do They Know It's Christmas?" charity single and the July 1985 concert Live Aid, which elevated the international profile of the famine and helped secure international aid.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
In the early to mid-1980s there were famines in two distinct regions of the country, resulting in several studies of one famine that try to extrapolate to the other or less cautious writers referring to a single widespread famine. The famine in the southeast of the country was brought about by the Derg's counterinsurgency efforts against the OLF. However, most media referring to "the Ethiopian famine" of the 1980s refers to the severe famine in 1983-85 centered on Tigray and northern Wollo, which further affected Eritrea, Begemder and northern Shewa. Living standards had been declining in these government-held regions since 1977, a "direct consequence" of the Derg's agricultural policies. A further major contributing factor to the famine were the Ethiopian government's enforced resettlement programs, utilized as part of its counter-insurgency campaign.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
Despite RRC claims to have predicted the famine, there was little data as late as early 1984 indicating an unusually severe food shortage. Following two major droughts in the late 1970s, 1980 and 1981 were rated by the RRC as "normal" and "above normal". The 1982 harvest was the largest ever, with the exception of central and eastern Tigray. RRC estimates for people "at-risk" of famine rose to 3.9 million in 1983 from 2.8 million in 1982, which was less than the 1981 estimate of 4.5 million.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
In February and March 1983, the first signs of famine were recognized as poverty-stricken farmers began to appear at feeding centers, prompting international aid agencies to appeal for aid and the RRC to revise its famine assessment. The harvest after the main (meher) harvest in 1983 was the third largest on record, with the only serious shortfall again being recorded in Tigray. In response, grain prices in the two northern regions of Begemder and Gojjam fell. However, famine recurred in Tigray.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
The RRC claimed in May 1984 that the failure of the short rains (belg) constituted a catastrophic drought while neglecting to state that the belg crops form a fourth of crop yields where the belg falls, but none at all in the majority of Tigray. A quantitative measure of the famine are grain prices, which show high prices in eastern and central Tigray, spreading outward after the 1984 crop failure.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
A major drain on Ethiopia's economy was the ongoing civil war, which pitched rebel movements against the Soviet and Cuban-backed Derg government. This crippled the country's economy further and contributed to the government's lack of ability to handle the crisis to come.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Famine
By mid-1984, it was evident that another drought and resulting famine of major proportions had begun to affect large parts of northern Ethiopia. Just as evident was the government's inability to provide relief. The almost total failure of crops in the north was compounded by fighting in and around Eritrea, which hindered the passage of relief supplies. Although international relief organizations made a major effort to provide food to the affected areas, the persistence of drought and poor security conditions in the north resulted in continuing need as well as hazards for famine relief workers. In late 1985, another year of drought was forecast, and by early 1986 the famine had spread to parts of the southern highlands, with an estimated 5.8 million people dependent on relief food. In 1986, locust plagues exacerbated the problem.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine
Despite the fact that the government had access to only a minority of the famine-stricken population in the north, the great majority of the relief was channeled through the government side, prolonging the war.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine
The Ethiopian government's unwillingness to deal with the famine provoked universal condemnation by the international community. Even many supporters of the Ethiopian regime opposed its policy of withholding food shipments to rebel areas. The combined effects of famine and internal war had by then put the nation's economy into a state of decline.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine
The primary government response to the drought and famine was the decision to uproot large numbers of peasants who lived in the affected areas in the north and to resettle them in the west and southern part of the country. In 1985 and 1986, about 600,000 people were moved, many forcibly, from their home villages and farms by the military and transported to various regions in the south. Many peasants fled rather than allow themselves to be resettled; many of those who were resettled sought later to return to their native regions. Several human rights organizations claimed that tens of thousands of peasants died as a result of forced resettlement.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine
Another government plan involved villagization, which was a response not only to the famine but also to the poor security situation. Beginning in 1985, peasants were forced to move their homesteads into planned villages, which were clustered around water, schools, medical services, and utility supply points to facilitate the distribution of those services. Many peasants fled rather than acquiesce in relocation, which in general proved highly unpopular. Additionally, the government in most cases failed to provide the promised services. Far from benefiting agricultural productivity, the program caused a decline in food production. Although temporarily suspended in 1986, villagization was subsequently resumed.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine, International view
Close to 8 million people became famine victims during the drought of 1984, and over 1 million died. In the same year (23 October), a BBC news crew was the first to document the famine, with Michael Buerk describing "a biblical famine in the 20th century" and "the closest thing to hell on Earth". The report shocked Britain, motivating its citizens to inundate relief agencies, such as  Save the Children, with donations, and also to bring the world's attention to the crisis in Ethiopia.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine, International view
In November 1984, the British Royal Air Force carried out the first airdrops from Hercules C-130s delivering food to the starving people. Other countries including Sweden, East and West Germany, Poland, Canada, United States and the Soviet Union were also involved in the international response.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine, Charity
Buerk's news piece on the BBC was seen by Irish singer Bob Geldof, who quickly organised the charity supergroup Band Aid, primarily made up of the biggest British and Irish artists of the era. Their single, "Do They Know It's Christmas? ", was released on 3 December 1984 and became Britain's best-selling single within a few weeks, eventually selling 3.69 million copies domestically. It raised £8 million for famine relief within twelve months of its release. Other charity singles soon followed; released in March 1985, "We Are the World" by USA for Africa was the most successful of these, selling 20 million copies worldwide.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine, Charity
Live Aid, a 1985 fund-raising effort headed by Geldof, induced millions of people in the West to donate money and to urge their governments to participate in the relief effort in Ethiopia. Some of the proceeds also went to the famine hit areas of Eritrea. The event raised £145 million.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine, Charity
In France, French supergroup Chanteurs sans frontières released "SOS Éthiopie", which sold 1 million copies and raised 10 million francs (about 1.2 million dollars).


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Response to the famine, Charity
Other charity initiatives raised money for Ethiopia. On 27 January 1985, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints participated in a special fast, where members went without food for two meals and donated the money they would have used to buy food. The fast raised $6 million for the famine victims in Ethiopia.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Effect on aid policy
The manner in which international aid was routed through the RRC gave rise to criticism that forever changed the way in which governments and NGOs respond to international emergencies taking place within conflict situations. International aid supplied to the government and to relief agencies working alongside the government became part of the counter-insurgency strategy of the government. It, therefore, met a real and immediate need but also prolonged the life of Mengistu's government. The response to the emergency raised disturbing questions about the relationship between humanitarian agencies and host governments.


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Effect on aid policy
However, according to Peter Gill, in his 2010 book Foreigners and Famine: Ethiopia Since Live Aid, 7.9 million people faced starvation in 1984, resulting in over 600,000 deaths; while in 2003 13.2 million "faced the prospect of a famine and only 300 died."


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Effect on aid policy, Aid money and rebel groups
On 3 March 2010, Martin Plaut of the BBC published evidence that millions of dollars worth of aid to the Ethiopian famine were spent in buying weapons by the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front, a communist group trying to overthrow the Ethiopian communist government at the time. Rebel soldiers said they posed as merchants as "a trick for the NGOs". The report also cited a CIA document saying aid was "almost certainly being diverted for military purposes". One rebel leader estimated $95 million (£63 million).


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Effect on aid policy, Aid money and rebel groups
Plaut also said that other NGOs were under the influence or control of the Derg military junta. Some journalists suggested that the Derg was able to use Live Aid and Oxfam money to fund its enforced resettlement and "villagization" programs, under which at least 3 million people are said to have been displaced and between 50,000 and 100,000 killed. These reports were later refuted by the Band Aid Trust and after a seven-month investigation, the BBC found its reporting had been misleading regarding Band Aid's money and had also contained numerous errors of fact and misstatements of evidence:


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Effect on aid policy, Aid money and rebel groups
Following a complaint from the Band Aid Trust the BBC's Editorial Complaints Unit found in its ruling that there was no evidence to support such statements and that "they should not have been broadcast". It also added that "The BBC wishes to apologise unreservedly to the Band Aid Trust for the misleading and unfair impression which was created".


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Death toll
Outsider estimates like Alex de Waal's, believe the famine of 1983–1985 killed a minimum of 400,000 people (not counting those killed by resettlement), just in northern Ethiopia (Tigray Province); "Something over half of this mortality can be attributed to human rights abuses causing the famine to come earlier, strike harder, and extend further than would otherwise have been the case. ".


1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Death toll
Other insider estimates put the total death toll in Ethiopia at "1.2 million dead, 400,000 refugees outside the country, 2.5 million people internally displaced, and almost 200,000 orphans". The majority of the dead were from Tigray as well as the Amhara region (and other parts of northern Ethiopia).


1983–1986
1983–1986 is the title of the album of Polish new wave group Sni Sredstvom Za Uklanianie, released in 2008 by Biodro Records. It contains sixteen songs recorded in 1995. Sni Sredstvom Za Uklanianie was split up in 1988 but Tymon Tymański decided to reunite his band for two weeks only to record songs played live between 1983 and 1986. Songs were previously recorded in Gdańsk music studio SAR in 1986, but tapes with this material were irretrievably lost.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq
The  1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq occurred during the Iran–Iraq War as PUK and KDP Kurdish militias of Iraqi Kurdistan rebelled against Saddam Hussein as part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, in an attempt to form an independent state. With Iraqi government forces occupied by the Iran-Iraq War, Kurdish Peshmerga (combining the forces of the KDP and PUK) succeeded in taking control of some enclaves, with Iranian logistic and sometimes military support. The initial rebellion resulted in stalemate by 1985.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq
The most violent phase of the conflict between the Kurds and Iraqi Ba'athist regime was the Al-Anfal Campaign of the Iraqi Army against the Kurdish minority, which took place between 1986–1988 and included the Halabja chemical attack. The Al-Anfal campaign ended in 1988 with an agreement of amnesty between the two belligerents. No permanent gains were made by the Kurds.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, The Kurdish people of Iraq
Iraqi Kurdistan is located in northern Iraq, along its borders with Syria, Turkey, and Iran. It is a mostly mountainous and fertile region. Towards the north, along the Iranian border, is the periphery of the Iranian Zagros Mountains. The Kurds have lived in this region for thousands of years, but never as part of a Kurdish ethno-state. Instead, different empires and modern states have controlled this region.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, The Kurdish people of Iraq
The Kurds identify themselves as Kurdish through the language they speak, their customs, religion (mainly Sunni Muslim, but with Shia, Alevi and Yazidi minorities), tolerance of other religions, and their tribal affiliation. Tribes are determined through kinship and territorial location. For Kurds, identification with the tribe is more important and significant than the official country the tribe is located in. Since the 1920s, the Kurds have harbored grievances against the various Iraqi governments due to a lack of representation in state institutions.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party, KDP, is the longest standing and preeminent political party of the Kurdish people. It was created in 1946 under Mulla Mustafa Barzani with initial goals based on Kurdish nationalist aspirations and the desire for self-government. Overtime Barzani and his supporters evolved the mission of the KDP into a fight for "the full rights of the Kurds for self-determination ... achieved through peaceful means in a democratic, pluralist, and federal Iraq."


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, Kurdistan Democratic Party
Barzani was the first person to assemble almost universal Kurdish nationalism among the people and from the mid-1930s through to his expulsion from Iraq in the 1970s he was synonymous with the Kurdish quest for independence. Barzani led rebellions intermittently against the governments of Iraq (First and Second Iraqi–Kurdish Wars), Iran, and Turkey, in hopes of gaining larger revolutionary forces each time.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, PUK, was established in 1975 under Jalal Talabani. Talabani had worked as a Kurdish revolutionary in the KDP and grew his name and reputation by speaking out against Barzani. In 1975 Talabani and his followers split from the KDP and started a new, more liberal party. In essence the PUK is run on the same platform as the KDP, lobbying for "autonomy for Kurdistan, democracy for Iraq". The PUK defines itself apart from the KDP by drawing its supporters from central and southern Kurdistan. The PUK has come to represent a more urban, intellectual, and politically forward group of people, versus the traditional rhetoric of the KDP. Supporters of each party are able to distinguish themselves personally by tribal alliance, personal differences, and ideological disagreement.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, The Iraqi Ba'athist Government
The KDP and PUK, although separate political parties, fought the same opponent, the government of Iraq under the leadership of Saddam Hussein. Since the beginning of the Ba'ath rule in Iraq there have been issues between the leaders of the Ba'ath and the Kurdish people. Intermittent negotiations occurred between the two groups to discuss party platforms and to try to come to a consensus on representation; however the Ba'ath were exceptionally distrustful of the Kurds and harbored suspicions against the KDP, especially of leader Barzani. In contrast, a natural alliance was drawn between the Ba'ath and political party PUK. Both were leftist organizations that advocated a Kurd-Arab alliance.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, Window of opportunity
By the late 1970s, Masud Barzani had already established a force of 5,000 men in North Iraq (by 1979), and his forces engaged the PDKI during 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran, true to their alliance with Iran.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Background, Window of opportunity
In September 1980, Iraq engaged in warfare with Iran over the Shatt al-Arab and rather than a quick victory the war had degenerated into a very long drawn out stalemate. The Kurds saw this as the prime opportunity to take control of the Kurdish areas, while the Iraqi government was preoccupied and weakened. The goal was to create a new bargaining platform and push Iraqi governmental forces out of Kurdistan. Since the beginning of the warfare, the KDP under Barazanis established a solid alliance with the Iranians, while the PUK - a leftist organization, kept its distance from the newly created conservative Islamic Republic of Iran, receiving logistic support from Baathist Syria and from Libya.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Chronology, War tactics
A wide variety of war tactics were used in this conflict, everything from the most simple hit and run to advanced chemical warfare. This conflict is a good case to look at how asymmetrical capabilities influence battle.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Chronology, War tactics, Kurdish tactics
To combat the Ba'ath the Kurd's strategy involved the use of guerrilla warfare and armed with light weapons either stolen from the Iraqi troops or given to them by the Iranians. The peshmerga worked with the locals to build up defenses and teach defensive tactics to the local militia in hopes of educating the mass public and protect them against future attack and seizure by the Ba'ath army. Furthermore, the peshmerga supplied the villages with a local government and services (education, medicine, security).


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Chronology, War tactics, Kurdish tactics
The mountains in northern Kurdistan proved to be an excellent place to hide and camp out. The mountain region was also very difficult for the Iraqi army to traverse on foot and by air. The guerrilla style war tactics of the Kurds proved very beneficial when fighting in this region. In contrast to the helpful assistance of the northern region, the southern flatlands of Kurdistan worked against the Kurdish insurgency. The Iraqis were able to easily bomb the major cities of the southern region and the fertile valley. Kurdish guerrilla tactics of hit and run did not prove to be successful against the firepower of the Iraqis during aerial bombardment and shelling.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Chronology, War tactics, Iraqi tactics
The Iraq army used full-scale military tactics in combating the Kurdish insurgency. In the heavily populated agricultural areas daily air raids destroyed towns, crops, and people. The army used its superior military power of more men, guns, and artillery to combat the insurgents. In order to inflict the greatest destruction, the Iraqi army divided Southern Kurdistan into a grid pattern, dividing the most densely populated cities and farming areas into sections. The grid facilitated a mechanized detonation of heavy artillery in predetermined areas by fighter planes and inflicted the greatest destruction possible. The Kurds had no knowledge of the oncoming attack or ways to protect themselves from the shelling. This was very structured and assigned per Iraqi army goals. The shelling and bombing per grid was very successful in driving mass fear among the Kurds.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Al-Anfal Campaign
Beyond using traditional warfare techniques the Ba'ath engaged in the use of chemical weapons against the Kurds during the al-Anfal campaign of 1987–88. A total onslaught began against the Kurdish people that eventually killed tens of thousands of Kurds and displaced at least one million of the Kurdish population to Iran and Turkey. Ali Hassan al-Majid, nicknamed "Chemical Ali," led the three step process of "village collectivization": the destruction of hundreds of Kurdish villages and the relocation of their residents to concentration camps, mujamma'at. This campaign was the first documented use of chemical weapons by a government against its own civilians. The process of village collectivization violated widespread human rights, it is an example of systematic genocide that went unchecked by the global community.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Al-Anfal Campaign
Al-Majid and his commanding officers warned if the Peshmerga did not lay down their arms and allow the cleansing program to continue peacefully the army would stop the Peshmerga with chemical weapons. Iraq had signed the 1925 Geneva Protocol outlawing the production and use of chemical and biological weapons,  however this did not stop al-Majid from giving the OK to the army to proceed with the deployment of shells carrying the deadly weapons. This was the first time a government used chemical weapons against its own civilian population.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Al-Anfal Campaign
The Iraqi government and leaders behind the campaign were not punished for their campaign of genocide or the violations against the Geneva Protocol of 1928.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Al-Anfal Campaign, Halabja poison gas attack
The most famous attack of chemical warfare by the Iraqi army against the Kurds was the attack on the town of Halabja on March 16, 1988. Over 4,000 Kurds were killed in this one attack by the combination of mustard gas and hydrogen cyanide. Between 7,000 and 10,000 civilians were injured and thousands more died of complications, diseases, etc. stemming from the release of chemical gas. The town was attacked because Kurdish guerrillas had allied with Tehran and the city was now under Iranian control.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Al-Anfal Campaign, Halabja poison gas attack
Conventional artillery, mortars, and rockets bombed Halabja for two days before the chemical attack; the use of chemical weapons was done for good measure to assure no survivors were possible. This attack is considered separate from the al-Anfal campaign and was one of the last attacks by the Iraqis during the Iran–Iraq War. This act has also been declared an act of genocide against the Kurdish people of Iraq.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, End of hostilities
The rebellion by the PUK and KDP was officially declared over by the Iraqi government on September 6, 1988 when a decree of amnesty for all Iraqi Kurds was read aloud on the radio. The announcement came as a surprise to the Kurdish population. The decree was declared most likely because Baghdad believed the peshmerga had finally been defeated. The government pardoned the insurgents, but refused to let the Kurds return to their previous relatively free lives.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, End of hostilities
The Ba'ath instituted draconian measures on all surviving towns and cities in Kurdistan. The government feared a resurgence of the insurgent peshmerga group, draconian measures prevented a revival. Furthermore, any man suspected having ties with the peshmerga insurgency were round up and relocated to camps in the southern deserts. The men taken to these deserts were tortured on a daily basis and murdered in mass quantities. It is believed these efforts to weed out any remaining insurgents lasted through 1989 with an additional 300,000 people relocated from various villages to "more modern villages with better facilities." Secure zones, or cluster camps, were created along the Iranian border as well as outside the cities of Erbil, Mosul, and Suleimaniyeh.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Post Iran–Iraq War
The decree of amnesty did not bring any gains for the Kurdish front nor did it redistribute Kurdish powers or representation in the Iraqi government. After al-Anfal and the post-rebellion oppression the Kurds did not engage in further resistance, instead the leaders tried more diplomatic means to engage the Ba'ath in coming to a consensus on the status of Iraqi Kurdistan. No progress was made in the diplomatic realm either. Inter-factional issues between the KDP and PUK were continually on the rise and prevented any progress in Kurdish autonomy. These internal issues degenerated into civil war in the 1990s, after the KDP and PUK took control of part of northern Iraq following the Gulf War (see Iraqi Kurdish Civil War).


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Recognition of Kurdish autonomy
With the overthrow of the Ba'ath government by the United States in 2003 the Kurds have increased diplomatic means to seek further gains towards legitimacy. The United States and Kurdish parties disagree over the ethnic alignment of the regional government, and this disagreement continues to stall any concrete gains from occurring. The United States believes a non-ethnically defined government is best for the region so that the collective majority can broker an identity and connect both politically and as a society.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Aftermath, Recognition of Kurdish autonomy
However the Kurds do not agree with this concept, as they prefer a regional government explicitly built on the Kurdish identity. This is a step in the direction of autonomy and a method for the Kurdish population to showcase their abilities in governing themselves and generating a productive self-sufficient economy. Time will tell if these new negotiations and concepts will bear success for the Iraqi Kurdish plight. Massoud Barzani has been elected president of Iraqi Kurdistan and Jalal Talabani has been elected president of the new Iraqi democratic government.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Role of Iran
Iran covertly aided the Iraqi Kurds against the Iraqis with weapons, food supplies, and intelligence in exchange for intelligence on Iraq movements and assistance along the northern Iran–Iraq border.


1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq, Role of Iran
In addition, Iran was an ally of Masud Barzani's and aided the KDP with arms and training of peshmerga forces and leaders. In exchange for arms and education the Iranians received intelligence on Iraqi military information and Kurdish assistance in fighting the Iraqi army. The Iranians had an invested interest in assisting the Kurds. The constant siege by the Kurds preoccupied the Ba'ath and prevented the army from devoting entire resources to conquering the Iranians. The Iranians supported the Kurds just to the point where they were powerful enough to fight against the Iraqis, but not strong enough to overcome the Iraqi army.


1983–1988
1983–1988 is a 2016 compilation album by the Egyptian Lover. The compilation was compiled by Peanut Butter Wolf and released by Stones Throw Records. The album contains unreleased tracks by the Egyptian Lover and has music recorded between 1984 and 1994. The album received positive reviews from AllMusic and Pitchfork.


1983–1988, Release
1983-1988 was released by Stones Throw on vinyl, compact disc and as an MP3 on April 15, 2016. The record was initially supposed to be a 30th anniversary release, but was held back to figure out which songs should be on the album.


1983–1988, Critical reception
AllMusic suggested that "a more accurate title for this anthology might be 1983–1987, as none of the selections are drawn from the 1988 album Filthy" while noting that it includes music from 1994 such as his cover of "Sexual Harassment's "I Need a Freak". The review concluded that the compilation was "fit for a pharaoh", praising it as "sharply" designed and illustrated with "amusing" commentary from Broussard. Pitchfork stated the album was "smartly sequenced" and that the music "'80s 808-driven, Parliament- and Kraftwerk-inspired, breakbeats-referencing, futuristic-yet-analog pastiche that laid the foundation for everything from g-funk to techno to Miami bass that followed."


1983–1988, Track listing
All track written, performed, and produced by Egyptian Lover unless otherwise noted.


1983–1991
1983–1991 is a four-CD box set of material by supergroup This Mortal Coil, released on March 30, 1993 on the 4AD label. The box set was released only in the United States, and was distributed by Warner Bros. Records, with whom 4AD maintained a distribution deal at the time. This marked the first domestic American release for most of the band's output, as only the debut album, It'll End in Tears, had been released in the United States previously.


1983–1991
The box set contains all three of the band's LPs, presented in their original form, with no bonus tracks or extra material. The fourth CD is entitled Original Versions, and features 21 of the original recordings of many songs the band covered.


1983–1991
The box set was designed by 4AD design associates V23, and is dedicated to His Name Is Alive frontman Warren Defever.


1983–1995 Yukong Elephants seasons
An original member of the K-League founded on 17 December 1983, the team was then called the Yukong Elephants. Yukong was owned and financially supported by the Sunkyoung Group's subsidiary, Yukong (currently SK Group's "SK Energy"), along with Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi as its franchise. The Kokkiri ("elephant) was its mascot. The club won the league championship on only one occasion (in 1989).


1983–84 1.Lig
The following are the statistics of the Turkish First Football League in season 1983/1984.


1983–84 1.Lig, Overview
Eighteen teams participated, and Trabzonspor won the championship. Trabzonspor have not won a league title since then.


1983–84 2. Bundesliga
The 1983–84 2. Bundesliga season was the tenth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system.


1983–84 2. Bundesliga
Karlsruher SC and FC Schalke 04 were promoted to the Bundesliga while Rot-Weiss Essen, SC Charlottenburg, VfL Osnabrück and BV 08 Lüttringhausen were relegated to the Oberliga.


1983–84 2. Bundesliga, League table
For the 1983–84 season Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, SC Charlottenburg, SSV Ulm 1846 and 1. FC Saarbrücken were newly promoted to the 2. Bundesliga from the Oberliga while Hertha BSC, FC Schalke 04 and Karlsruher SC had been relegated to the league from the Bundesliga.


1983–84 A Group
Statistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1983–1984 season.


1983–84 A Group, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Levski Sofia won the championship.


1983–84 A.S. Roma season
During the 1983-1984 season Associazione Sportiva Roma competed in Serie A, Coppa Italia and European Cup.


1983–84 A.S. Roma season, Summary
During summer the club transferred in Brazilian midfielder Toninho Cerezo from Atletico Mineiro and Forward Francesco Graziani from Fiorentina. Head coach Nils Liedholm changed the defensive style after the crutial transfer out of Centre-back Pietro Vierchowod to Sampdoria a loan ended. Another key player in midfielder Carlo Ancelotti was injured in November and he lost the rest of the season. The squad finished the campaign at the 2nd spot only behind Champion Juventus.


1983–84 A.S. Roma season, Summary
Meanwhile in European Cup First round the team defeated IFK Goteborg with an aggregate score of 4-2, after that the squad eliminated in Eightfinals CSKA Sofia and in Quarterfinals Dinamo Berlin. The semifinals against Scottish club Dundee United: after lost the first leg 2-0 the Giallorosso win 3-0 in Roma reaching the Final of the tournament. The match against three-time European Cup Champion and heavily favourite Liverpool, though played in its home venue Stadio Olimpico, finished won by the English squad after a penalty shoot-out series: with the Giallorosso squad could not play two crutial players such as Maldera, and Carlo Ancelotti.


1983–84 A.S. Roma season, Summary
Meanwhile, during June the squad won the Coppa Italia, after defeated the upcoming underdogs Hellas Verona: the last trophy for Swedish manager Nils Liedholm, who was appointing by Giuseppe Farina as new head coach of A.C. Milan for the next season along with the transferred out of midfielder and Captain Agostino Di Bartolomei.


1983–84 A.S. Roma season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1983–84 ACB season
The 1983–84 ACB season was the inaugural season of the ACB Primera División, the top Spanish professional basketball league. It started on 10 September 1983 with the first round of the regular season and ended on 13 April 1984 with the finals. The league was made up of the clubs that broke away from Spanish Basketball Federation at the end of the 1982–83 season with the aim to professionalize the league. The new league introduced the best-of-three playoffs at the end of the regular season just like in the Italian league.


1983–84 ACB season
Real Madrid won their first ACB title, and their 23rd Spanish title after the decision of the Competition Committee, when FC Barcelona didn't appear in the third game of the finals in protest of what it considered an unfair decision by this body following a fight between players in the second game of the finals: Davis was sanctioned for six games due to attack Real Madrid player Iturriaga, who had previously elbowed him in a block.


1983–84 ACB season, Format changes
For this season, the league was expanded to 16 teams and the teams were divided in two groups (Group Odd, Group Even) formed by the odd teams (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th,...) and the even teams (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th,...) of the final standings of the previous season. At the end of first phase, the top four teams of each group advanced to the Group A1 and the rest of the teams of each group advanced to the Group A2.


1983–84 ACB season, Format changes
At the end of second phase, the top four teams of the Group A1 advanced to the quarterfinals playoffs, the rest of the teams of the Group A1 and the top four teams of the Group A2 advanced to the first round playoffs, and the rest of the teams of the Group A2 advanced to the relegation playoffs of which three teams were relegated to Primera División B.


1983–84 ACB season, Format changes
Another significant change was the introduction of the overtimes in case of draw.


1983–84 ACB season, Teams, Promotion and relegation (pre-season)
A total of 16 teams contested the league, including 12 sides from the 1982–83 Liga Nacional and four promoted from the 1982–83 Primera División B.


1983–84 ACHL season
The 1983–84 Atlantic Coast Hockey League season was the third season of the Atlantic Coast Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. The Virginia Raiders folded in August 1983. Six teams participated in the regular season. The Birmingham Bulls folded after only three games. Henry Brabham bought the Nashville South Stars mid-season and moved the franchise to Salem, Virginia and renamed them as the Virginia Lancers. The Erie Golden Blades were the league champions.


1983–84 AHL season
The 1983–84 AHL season was the 48th season of the American Hockey League. Thirteen teams played 80 games each in the schedule. The league initiates two new awards. The Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award is first awarded to the league's "best goaltender." The Jack A. Butterfield Trophy is first awarded to the "MVP of the playoffs." The Baltimore Skipjacks finished first overall in the regular season. The Maine Mariners won their third Calder Cup championship.


1983–84 AHL season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;


1983–84 AHL season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1983–84 Aberdeen F.C. season
Aberdeen F.C. competed in the Scottish Premier Division, Scottish Cup, League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup in season 1983–84. They won their third Scottish League championship, won the Scottish Cup for the third successive year and reached the semi-finals of both the League Cup and the European Cup Winners' Cup.


1983–84 Aberdeen F.C. season, Results, Scottish Cup
Aberdeen won the Scottish Cup for the third successive season after beating Celtic in the final at Hampden Park in May 1984.


1983–84 Aberdeen F.C. season, Results, European Cup Winners' Cup
After winning the trophy the previous season, Aberdeen qualified for the 1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup as holders.


1983–84 Aberdeen F.C. season, Results, European Super Cup
After winning the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in the previous season, Aberdeen qualified to play the European Champions' Cup winners from 1983, SV Hamburg, in the Super Cup. Aberdeen won the game 2–0 on aggregate.


1983–84 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The 1983–84 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team represented the University of Alabama in the 1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team's head coach was Wimp Sanderson, who was in his fourth season at Alabama. The team played their home games at Coleman Coliseum in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. They finished the season 18–12, 10–8 in SEC play, finishing in fifth place.


1983–84 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The Tide had to deal with the loss of backcourt mates Ennis Whatley, who declared for the NBA draft after his sophomore season, and Mike Davis, who graduated. To offset the loss, the Tide signed freshmen Terry Coner and Craig Dudley.


1983–84 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The Tide lost to Kentucky in the SEC Tournament semifinals. They received an at-large bid to the 1984 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, and lost in the first round to Illinois State.


1983–84 Albanian Cup
1983–84 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the thirty-second season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on August 1983 with the First Round and ended in June 1984 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1984-85 first round of the UEFA Cup. KF Tirana were the defending champions, having won their fifth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by KF Tirana.


1983–84 Albanian Cup
The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.


1983–84 Albanian Cup, Second round
All sixteen teams of the 1982–83 Superliga and First Division entered in this round. First and second legs were played on January 1984.


1983–84 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals
In this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.


1983–84 Albanian Cup, Semifinals
In this round entered the four winners from the previous round.


1983–84 Albanian National Championship
The 1983–84 Albanian National Championship was the 45th season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.


1983–84 Albanian National Championship, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Labinoti won the championship.


1983–84 Albanian National Championship, League table
Note: Labinoti is Elbasani, '17 Nëntori' is Tirana, 'Lokomotiva Durrës' is Teuta, 'Traktori' is Lushnja, '31 Korriku' is Burreli


1983–84 Algerian Championnat National
The 1983–84 Algerian Championnat National was the 22nd season of the Algerian Championnat National since its establishment in 1962. A total of 16 teams contested the league, with JE Tizi-Ouzou as the defending champions, The Championnat started on September 2, 1983 and ended on June 8, 1984.


1983–84 Algerian Cup
The 1983–84 Algerian Cup is the 22ndt edition of the Algerian Cup. MP Alger are the defending champions, having beaten ASC Oran 4–3 in the previous season's final.


1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.


1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
Portlaoise were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten in the Laois County Championship.


1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
On 12 February 1984, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 2-10 to 0-05 defeat of Walterstown in the All-Ireland final at Páirc Chiaráin. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1982.


1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ended on 3 June 1984.


1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
Loughgiel Shamrocks from Antrim were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Ballycastle McQuillans in the Antrim Championship.


1983–84 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
On 3 June 1984, Ballyhale Shamrocks won the championship after a 1-10 to 0-07 defeat of Gort in an All-Ireland final replay. It was their second All-Ireland title overall and their first in three years.


1983–84 Alliance Premier League
The Alliance Premier League season of 1983–84 was the fifth season of the Alliance Premier League.


1983–84 Alliance Premier League, Election to the Football League
As winners of the Alliance Premier League, Maidstone United won the right (for the 2nd time) to apply for election to the Football League to replace one of the four bottom sides in the 1983–84 Football League Fourth Division. The vote went as follows:


1983–84 Alliance Premier League, Election to the Football League
As a result of this, Maidstone United did not gain membership of the Football League.


1983–84 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1983–84 Allsvenskan was the 50th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 12 teams competed in the league. Ystads IF won the regular season, but HK Drott won the playoffs and claimed their fourth Swedish title. IK Heim and Visby IF Gute were relegated.


1983–84 Alpha Ethniki
The 1983–84 Alpha Ethniki was the 48th season of the highest football league of Greece. The season began on 4 September 1983 and ended on 6 May 1984. Panathinaikos won their 13th Greek title and their first one in seven years.


1983–84 Alpha Ethniki
The point system was: Win: 2 points - Draw: 1 point.


1983–84 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team
The 1983–84 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team represented the University of Arizona during the 1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by new head coach Lute Olson, hired in March after nine seasons at Iowa.


1983–84 Arizona Wildcats men's basketball team
The Wildcats played their home games on campus at the McKale Center in Tucson, and were a member of the Pacific-10 Conference. In the only season under Olson in which the Wildcats missed the NCAA Tournament, Arizona finished with an overall record of 11–17 (8–10 in Pac-10, tied for fifth).


1983–84 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1983–84 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Cup
Arsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round proper, in which they were drawn to face Middlesbrough.


1983–84 Associate Members' Cup
The 1983–84 Associate Members' Cup was the first staging of the Associate Members' Cup, a knock-out competition for English football clubs in the Third Division and the Fourth Division. The winners were Bournemouth and the runners-up were Hull City.


1983–84 Associate Members' Cup
The competition began on 20 February 1984 and ended with the final on 24 May 1984 at Boothferry Park, the home stadium of the losing finalists.


1983–84 Associate Members' Cup
In the first round, there were two sections: North and South. In the following rounds each section gradually eliminates teams in knock-out fashion until each has a winning finalist. At this point, the two winning finalists faced each other in the combined final for the honour of the trophy.


1983–84 Associate Members' Cup, Second round
In this round, in each section, the 6 winners and the 2 "lucky losers" progressed to the quarter-finals. Lucky losers are marked with the letters LL.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season
During the 1983–84 English football season, Aston Villa competed in the Football League First Division.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season
Graham Turner left Shrewsbury after six seasons to take charge of Aston Villa in the summer of 1984.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
27 Aug 1983: The Football League season commences. A seven-goal thriller at Villa Park sees Aston Villa beat local rivals West Bromwich Albion 4–3.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
31 Aug 1983: Notts County, West Ham United,  Villa and Arsenal all win their first two matches of the First Division season to lead the table at the end of August.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
24 Sep 1983: Southampton's title challenge is hit with a 1-0 defeat away to Aston Villa, who go sixth in the table.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
28 Sep 1983: All four English entrants in the UEFA Cup – Watford, Nottingham Forest, Tottenham Hotspur and Aston Villa – progress to the second round.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
23 Oct 1983: The only league action of the day sees Wolves draw 1–1 at home to local rivals Aston Villa.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
30 Oct 1983: Tony Woodcock scores five goals in Arsenal's 6–2 away win over Aston Villa


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
2 Nov 1983: Tottenham eliminate Dutch side Feyenoord 6–2 on aggregate in the second round of the UEFA Cup. Watford eliminate Levski Sofia from the competition and Nottingham Forest oust PSV Eindhoven, but Aston Villa are edged out 4–3 on aggregate by Spartak Moscow.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
5 Nov 1983 – Peter Withe scores twice as Aston Villa inflict a 2–1 defeat on Manchester United at Old Trafford, meaning that Liverpool can return to the top of the table if they win their game tomorrow.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
26 Nov 1983: Notts County boost their bid to keep clear of the relegation zone with a 5–2 win over Aston Villa.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
30 Nov 1983: In the League Cup, there is a local derby at The Hawthorns, where Aston Villa beat West Bromwich Albion 2–1.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
3 Dec 1983: West Ham United are beaten 1–0 by Aston Villa at Villa Park.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
17 Dec 1983: Liverpool return to the top of the First Division with a 5–0 home win over Notts County. Aston Villa keep up the pressure on the leading pack with a 4–0 home win over Ipswich Town. Caretaker manager Don Howe begins his spell in charge of Arsenal with a 3–1 home win over Watford. Coventry City miss the chance to close the gap on the leaders with a goalless draw at Norwich. QPR go fourth with a 2–0 home win over Everton.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
20 Jan 1984: Ian Rush scores a hat-trick in Liverpool's 3–1 away win over Aston Villa in the First Division, increasing their lead at the top to five points, although their nearest challengers Manchester United can cut the gap to two points if they win at the weekend.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
15 Feb 1984: Everton beat Aston Villa 2–0 in the League Cup semi-final first leg.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
18 Feb 1984: In the First Division, Arsenal draw 1–1 with Aston Villa at Highbury.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
22 Feb 1984: Despite losing 1–0 to Aston Villa in the semi-final second leg, Everton are through to the League Cup final, securing them their first cup final for seven years.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
25 Feb 1984: Wolves are now 13 points adrift of safety after losing 4–0 to local rivals Aston Villa in the First Division at Villa Park.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
3 Mar 1984: The Merseyside derby at Goodison Park ends in a 1–1 draw, allowing Manchester United to cut Liverpool's lead to two points by beating Aston Villa 3–0 at Villa Park.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
13 Mar 1984: Midweek action in the First Division includes a six-goal thriller at Highfield Road, where local rivals Coventry City and Aston Villa draw 3–3.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
17 Mar 1984: Nottingham Forest's title challenge is fading as they go down 1–0 at Aston Villa, as is West Ham's following a 4–1 defeat to Leicester City at Filbert Street.


1983–84 Aston Villa F.C. season, Season overview
18 Apr 1984: Tottenham Hotspur remain in the hunt for another top-five finish by beating Aston Villa 2–1.


1983–84 Athenian League
The 1983–84 Athenian League season was the 61st and the last in the history of Athenian League. The league consisted of 21 teams.


1983–84 Atlanta Hawks season
The 1983–84 NBA season was the Hawks' 35th season in the NBA and 16th season in Atlanta.


1983–84 Atlético Madrid season
The 1983–84 season was Atlético Madrid's 43rd season since foundation in 1903 and the club's 38th season in La Liga, the top league of Spanish football. Atlético competed in La Liga, and the Copa del Rey.


1983–84 Atlético Madrid season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1983–84 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 1983–84 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1983–84 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Sonny Smith, who was in his sixth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 20–11, 12–6 in SEC play. They defeated Vanderbilt and Tennessee to advance to the championship game of the SEC Tournament where they lost to Kentucky. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they lost to Richmond in the First Round.


1983–84 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
Notable freshman signees were guards Gerald White and Frank Ford, along with junior college transfers Vern Strickland and Carey Holland for frontcourt help. Junior Charles Barkley suffered a back injury in the very first game of the season and missed time, but returned for a January 13 home date with then #1-ranked Kentucky. Auburn upset the Wildcats 82-63, their first victory ever over a #1-ranked team.


1983–84 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
After the first-round NCAA loss to Richmond, Barkley left Auburn and entered the NBA Draft.


1983–84 Australian Tri-Series
The 1983–84 World Series was a One Day International (ODI) cricket tri-series where Australia played host to Pakistan and West Indies. Australia and West Indies reached the Finals, which West Indies won 2–0.


1983–84 Australian Tri-Series, Final series
West Indies won the best of three final series against Australia 2–0.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season
The 1983–84 Australian region cyclone season was the most active season on record. It officially started on 1 November 1983, and officially ended on 30 April 1984.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Cyclone 01S
Cyclone 01S existed over the northwestern areas of the Australian region basin from 11 July to 15 July.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar
Oscar developed from a low-pressure area to the northwest of the Cocos Islands on 22 October. The storm moved generally southward for several days before dissipating on 1 November.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Low Pearl
A low pressure developed into Pearl on 11 November. The system tracked southeastward and ceased to exist on 14 November. It was classified as a tropical cyclone at the time until post-analysis indicated it remained a tropical low.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Quenton
Quenton developed on 26 November from a low pressure situated south of Java. Making landfall in Western Australia on 29 November, Quenton was the first tropical cyclone to strike Australia in the month of November since Ines in 1973. The cyclone dissipated on the following day.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Fritz
On 9 December, Fritz developed from a low-pressure area to the northwest of Willis Island. Fritz meandered erratically until dissipating on 13 December.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Esther
A small, weak tropical low, later named Esther, developed over the Banda Sea on 19 December. Esther struck Babar Island and then dissipated on 21 December.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone 06U
Operationally, this cyclone was considered to have been the redeveloped remnants of Esther. The storm developed from a cloud cluster near the southern tip of Timor on 21 December. The system moved west-northward and dissipated on 24 December.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Sharon
A low-pressure area rapidly developed into Tropical Cyclone Sharon on 25 December. Sharon existed west of 90°E, which is now the western boundary of the Australian region basin. The storm dissipated on 31 December.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Tim
Tim formed from a low-pressure area to the southeast of Christmas Island on 2 January 1984. After moving northwest, Tim turned southward on 6 January. The cyclone decayed to a tropical low by 10 January.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Grace
A weak area of low pressure developed east of Queensland on January 11. The tropical disturbance moved northeastward over the Coral Sea and gradually became better organized. On January 13 it turned to the south and intensified into a tropical cyclone the next day. In a favorable environment for intensification, Grace strengthened on January 15 and 16, developing a ragged eye as seen on the satellite images. On January 16 became a severe tropical cyclone and reached its lowest estimated pressure of 970 mb.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Grace
Also on January 16, a weather station on Frederick Reef reported maximum winds of 130 km/h. On January 17, upper-level shear increased over the circulation and Grace became exposed as the tropical cyclone turned to the east. Weakening continued during the next few days and Grace decayed into a remnant low on January 21 while located southeast of Nouméa.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Vivienne-Fanja
The origins of Vivienne-Fanja are unclear as a result of sparseness of data, due to a disruption in satellite imagery coverage. It is estimated that a tropical low formed on January 23 west of Christmas Island in the Australian basin. The Bureau of Meteorology named the storm Vivienne, which gradually intensified while moving to the west. On January 27, the cyclone crossed 80° E into the southwest Indian Ocean, at which time it was renamed Fanja.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Willy
A weak area of low pressure developed south of Java along the monsoon trough on February 2. The system meandered for a few days while becoming better organized. Late on February 5, the Bureau of Meteorology upgraded the low pressure to tropical cyclone intensity. Willy moved southwestward starting on February 6 and continued to intensify. On February 7, Willy was upgraded to a severe tropical cyclone with an estimated central pressure of 975 mb. On February 8, Willy reached its peak with an estimated central pressure of 960 mb. Satellite images showed a well-organized tropical cyclone and an eye was intermittently visible. Strong wind shear caused Willy to quickly lose strength and it weakened below tropical cyclone intensity late on February 9. Early on February 11, Willy dissipated.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Annette-Jaminy
Cyclone Annette developed simultaneously with Cyclone Willy in the Australian basin and Cyclone Haja in the south-west Indian. On February 3, a tropical low formed northeast of the Cocos Islands. Steered by a ridge to the south, it moved generally southwestward and intensified into Tropical Cyclone Annette, named by the Bureau of Meteorology. After executing a loop, Annette crossed 80 E into the south-west Indian Ocean on February 16. Upon crossing into the basin, the storm was renamed Jaminy by the Mauritius Meteorological Service.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Harvey
A low spawned within the monsoon trough developed into Tropical Cyclone Harvey on 3 February. The system moved generally east-southeastward and entered the South Pacific basin on 7 February.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Bobby
Bobby formed within the monsoon trough to the northwest of Broome, Western Australia, on 17 February. Bobby moved southwestward for much of its duration and dissipated by 23 February.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ingrid
A tropical low developed into Cyclone Ingrid to the east of Innisfail, Queensland, on 20 February. Ingrid moved eastward and then east-southeastward by 23 February. The storm then curved southwestward and dissipated on 25 February. Ingrid brought strong winds and caused minor flooding in Cairns and Mackay.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Chloe
On 29 February 1984 Chloe crossed the coast near Roebourne, Western Australia where three houses were destroyed and twelve others unroofed. Fifty people required evacuation as floodwaters from the Harding River rose to the lower steps of the Police Station. Parts of the Wickham High Schools were severely damaged and two buildings and a boat were destroyed in the Cossack/Point Samson area. The Dampier Yacht Club was unroofed.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Ferdinand
A weak tropical low intensified into Tropical Cyclone Ferdinand on 2 March. The cyclone moved eastward to east-southward and paralleled the northern coast of Northern Territory, until making landfall near Maningrida on 4 March. Ferdinand dissipated on the following day. Goulburn Island and the Miningrida area experienced minor damage.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Jim
Cyclone Jim developed from a low just southeast of the mainland on Papua New Guinea on 6 March. The storm slowly deepened while heading generally west-southwestward. Early on 8 March, Jim struck Cape Grenville, Queensland. Jim left minor damage to vegetation and downed some large trees. After crossing the Cape York Peninsula, the system emerged into the Gulf of Carpentaria and later made landfall on 9 March at Port Roper, Northern Territory, which is just south of Numbulwar. Jim dissipated on the following day. A 15 m (49 ft) boat was beach at Alyangula. Inland, wind gusts as high as 100 km/h (60 mph) downed trees in the vicinity of the Roper River.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Daryl
Daryl formed from a tropical low to the west-northwest of Christmas Island on 6 March. It trekked southwestward and entered the southwest Indian Ocean basin on 16 March, but was not renamed. On 18 March, Daryl entered the Australian region basin, but dissipated by 20 March.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Kathy
Severe Tropical Cyclone Kathy was a powerful tropical cyclone that devastated the Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands in March 1984. Originating from a tropical low off the southern coast of Papua New Guinea. Tracking westward, the system attained gale-force winds by 18 March before striking the Cape York Peninsula. After crossing the area, Kathy entered the Gulf of Carpentaria where environmental conditions favored significant development. On 22 March, the storm attained its peak intensity as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone (Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale) with ten-minute sustained winds of 205 km/h (125 mph).


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Kathy
By this time, the storm had been tracking towards the southwest and struck the Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands later on 22 March before moving over the Australian mainland as a slightly weaker system. Once over land, Kathy rapidly degraded, losing gale-force winds within 24 hours; the storm dissipated over the Northern Territory on 24 March.


1983–84 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Other systems
During 30 January a shallow tropical low developed over the south-eastern Coral Sea. Over the next couple of days the system gradually developed further as it moved westwards into the South Pacific basin. The system was subsequently named Beti during 2 February, before it impacted the Loyalty Islands and lost its tropical characteristics during 6 February.


1983–84 Austrian Football Bundesliga
These are the statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1983–84 season.


1983–84 Austrian Football Bundesliga, Overview
The Bundesliga was contested by 16 teams, and FK Austria Wien won the championship. Union Wels was dissolved in February, with only sixteen matches played up to that point. all of their remaining matches were counted as walkovers.


1983–84 Austrian Hockey League season
The 1983–84 Austrian Hockey League season was the 54th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Eight teams participated in the league, and VEU Feldkirch won the championship.


1983–84 BHL season
The 1983–84 BHL season was the second season the British Hockey League. This season saw the introduction of the Premier League and First Division format that would continue until the disbandment of the British Hockey League in 1996. Nine of the fifteen teams which had taken part the previous season joined the Premier League.


1983–84 BHL season
The 1983–84 season also saw the reintroduction of the Autumn Cup and the first season of sponsorship by Heineken.


1983–84 BHL season, Kohler Engines Autumn Cup, Scotland
In Scotland the winner of the group stage automatically progressed to the final.


1983–84 BHL season, Kohler Engines Autumn Cup, England
English clubs were divided into two groups; North and South. The winner of each group would play an English Final, the winner going on to play in the final.


1983–84 BHL season, Playoffs
The top six teams entered the playoffs. They were divided into two groups of three. Group A was made up of Dundee, Streatham and Murrayfield while Group B was made up of Durham, Ayr and Whitley. The top two sides in each group advanced to next round. The semi finals and final were played over a single weekend at Wembley Arena.


1983–84 BHL season, Playoffs, Semi Finals
Semi Final A: Winner A (Murrayfield) vs Runner Up B (Ayr)


1983–84 BHL season, Playoffs, Semi Finals
Semi Final B: Winner B (Durham) vs Runner Up A (Dundee)


1983–84 Bahraini Premier League, Overview
It was contested by 9 teams, and Muharraq Club won the championship.


1983–84 Balkans Cup
The 1983–84 Balkans Cup was an edition of the Balkans Cup, a football competition for representative clubs from the Balkan states.


1983–84 Balkans Cup
Since no clubs from Albania, Greece, or Yugoslavia entered, Group B was scratched and Beroe Stara Zagora, the winners of Group A, were awarded the trophy.


1983–84 Belgian First Division, Overview
It was performed by 18 teams, and K.S.K. Beveren won the championship.


1983–84 Biathlon World Cup
The 1983–84 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 6 January 1984 in Falun, Sweden, and ended on 11 March 1984 in Lygna, Norway. It was the seventh season of the Biathlon World Cup.


1983–84 Biathlon World Cup, Men's calendar
Below is the World Cup calendar for the 1983–84 season.


1983–84 Biathlon World Cup, Men's calendar
*The relays were technically unofficial races as they did not count towards anything in the World Cup.


1983–84 Biathlon World Cup, Women's calendar
*The relays were technically unofficial races as they did not count towards anything in the World Cup.


1983–84 Birmingham City F.C. season
The 1983–84 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 81st in the Football League and their 49th in the First Division. They finished in 20th position in the 22-team division, so were relegated to the Second Division for 1984–85. They entered the 1983–84 FA Cup in the third round proper and lost to Watford in the quarter-final. In the League Cup, after defeating Notts County in the third round only after three replays, they lost to Liverpool in the fourth round after a replay.


1983–84 Birmingham City F.C. season
Mick Harford was the club's top scorer with 15 goals in all competitions; if only league games are counted, Harford and Howard Gayle were joint leaders with 8. The highest attendance, of 40,220 against Watford in the FA Cup sixth round, was the last 40,000 crowd seen at St Andrew's, as of 2012; the ground capacity was reduced to around 30,000 when the stadium was converted to all-seater in the 1990s.


1983–84 Blackpool F.C. season
The 1983–84 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 76th season (73rd consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 24-team Division Four, then the bottom tier of English league football, finishing sixth.


1983–84 Blackpool F.C. season
Paul Stewart and Keith Mercer were the club's joint-top goalscorers, with twelve goals apiece.


1983–84 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
The 1983–84 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team represented Boise State University during the 1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos were led by first-year head coach Bobby Dye and played their home games on campus at the BSU Pavilion in Boise, Idaho.


1983–84 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
They finished the regular season at 15–11 overall, with a 6–8 record in the Big Sky Conference, tied for fifth in the standings. The conference tournament was expanded to include all eight teams this season, with the quarterfinals at four campus sites. Boise State met third seed Montana State in Bozeman and lost by a point.


1983–84 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
Dye was hired in late March, after two years at Cal State Bakersfield. Winless in the season prior to his arrival, he led the Roadrunners to the Division II Final Four in 1983. He had earlier led Cal State Fullerton for seven years.


1983–84 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
Senior swingman Vince Hinchen was named to the all-conference team and junior guard Frank Jackson was honorable mention. Hinchen was an honorable mention Associated Press All-American, and a fifth-round selection (96th overall) of the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 1984 NBA draft.


1983–84 Boston Bruins season
The 1983–84 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 60th season.


1983–84 Boston Bruins season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals againstNote: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1983–84 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs
The Bruins lost the Division Semi-Finals (3-0) to the Montreal Canadiens.


1983–84 Boston Bruins season, Draft picks
Boston's draft picks at the 1983 NHL Entry Draft held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season
The 1983–84 Boston Celtics were champions of the National Basketball Association (NBA) led by regular season and finals MVP Larry Bird.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season
In the playoffs, the Celtics defeated the Washington Bullets in the First Round in three games, defeated the New York Knicks in the Semi-finals in seven games, and defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in the Conference Finals in five games, advancing to the NBA Finals. In the Finals, the Celtics faced their long time rival, the Los Angeles Lakers, the first time the two teams faced off against each other since 1969 in which the Celtics won 4–3, and the first time the two teams met in the Finals in the 1980s. The Celtics would go on to defeat the Lakers in seven games, winning their fifteenth NBA championship, and extending their NBA Finals victories over the Lakers to 8.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, Player stats
Note: GP= Games played; REB= Rebounds; AST= Assists; STL = Steals; BLK = Blocks; PTS = Points; AVG = Scoring Average


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game One
The Lakers opened the series with a 115-109 victory at Boston Garden.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Two
In Game 2, the Lakers led 113-111 with 18 seconds left when Gerald Henderson stole a James Worthy pass to score a game tying layup and the Celtics eventually prevailed in overtime 124-121.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Three
In Game 3, the Lakers raced to an easy 137-104 victory as Magic Johnson dished out 21 assists. After the game, Larry Bird said his team played like "sissies" in an attempt to light a fire under his teammates.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Four
In Game 4, the Lakers had a five-point lead with less than a minute to play, but made several execution errors as the Celtics tied the game and then came away with a 129-125 victory in overtime. The game was also marked by Celtic forward Kevin McHale's takedown of Laker forward Kurt Rambis on a breakaway layup which triggered the physical aspect of the rivalry.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Four
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar would go after Larry Bird later on in the third quarter, and 1981 Finals MVP Cedric Maxwell further antagonized the Lakers by following a missed James Worthy free throw by crossing the lane with his hands around his own neck, symbolizing that Worthy was "choking" under pressure. Also, Bird pushed Michael Cooper to the baseline following the inbound play during the second quarter.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Five
In Game 5, the Celtics took a 3-2 series lead as Larry Bird scored 34 points. The game was known as the "Heat Game", as it was played under 97-degree heat, and without any air conditioning, at Boston Garden. The Celtics did not warm up with their sweat pants on because of extreme heat, and oxygen tanks were provided to give air to exhausted players.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Six
In Game 6, the Lakers evened the series with a 119-108 victory. In the game the Lakers answered the Celtics' rough tactics when Laker forward James Worthy shoved Cedric Maxwell into a basket support. After the game a Laker fan threw a beer at Celtics guard M.L. Carr as he left the floor, causing him to label the series "all-out-war."


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Seven
In Game 7, the heat that was an issue in Game 5 was not so bad (indoor temperatures hovered around 91 degrees during the game, due to additional fans being brought in to try to cool the air). The Celtics were led by Cedric Maxwell who had 24 points, eight rebounds and eight assists as they came away with a 111-102 victory. In the game the Lakers rallied from a 14-point-deficit to three with one minute remaining when Cedric Maxwell knocked the ball away from Magic Johnson. Dennis Johnson responded by sinking two free throws to seal the victory. Larry Bird was named MVP of the series.


1983–84 Boston Celtics season, NBA Finals, Game Seven
The series was the eighth time in NBA history that the Celtics and Lakers met in the NBA finals, with Boston winning each time.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season
The 1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey team represented the Bowling Green University in college ice hockey. In its 5th year under head coach Jerry York the team compiled a 34–8–2 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the fifth time. The Falcons defeated Minnesota–Duluth 5–4 in the fourth overtime to win the championship game at the 1980 Olympic Arena in Lake Placid, New York, the longest title game in NCAA history.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, Early Season Success
Bowling Green was chomping at the bit after being left out of the 1983 Tournament despite winning the CCHA and having a better record than the team picked ahead of them, Minnesota–Duluth. The Falcons got off to a good start with a sweep of visiting Clarkson but when they opened their conference schedule the following week they could only manage a split with Lake Superior State. Losing to an inferior team appeared to galvanize the team and the Falcons proceeded to win the next 17 contests, the longest streak in program history.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, Early Season Success
Through two months Bowling Green scored no fewer than 4 goals in each of their games and through they started out with Wayne Collins in net (their only goaltender with NCAA experience) Gary Kruzich soon became the go-to goalie. Even when Bowling Green was limited to 2 goals the defense showed up and allowed the Falcons to win the KeyBank Tournament. The streak finally ended with a 5–6 overtime loss at Michigan and a week later the team ended up with a tie against Ferris State.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, Defensive Cracks
The Falcons regained their footing when they played at home for the first time in over a month against Northern Michigan and after earning 3 points against Illinois–Chicago in early February Bowling Green guaranteed themselves their third consecutive CCHA title. With little to play for Bowling Green played a bad game against Western Michigan, allowing a season-high 8 goals against before earning a split. The following weekend they welcomed in Division III Michigan–Dearborn and dominated the obviously outmatched Wolverines but the lack of a challenge did not help BG right the ship and the squad split their final weekend against cellar-dwelling Miami.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, CCHA Tournament
With the program record for wins in sight (37) the team appeared to get back to normal when they opened the tournament with a home win against Lake Superior State but they were back in the losing column after game 2. Fortunately the first round was a total-goal series and the close loss in the second game didn't cost BGSU too much. In the semifinal at the Joe Louis Arena Bowling Green faced Western Michigan and the Broncos showed no fear in facing down the Falcons and the two teams fought to a 3–3 tie through regulation.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, CCHA Tournament
Kruzich kept the Falcons in the game but future NHLer Glenn Healy couldn't be beaten and in the second overtime WMU scored to end Bowling Green's chance at the conference championship. The Falcons had a chance to redeem themselves in the consolation game but against fell in overtime, this time to Ohio State.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament
Even with losing three consecutive games Bowling Green still had the second best record in the country and the selection committee gave them an at-large bid, slotting them third in the west. As a lower seed, BGSU started the tournament on the road against Boston University and the Falcons still could not break out of their losing skid, dropping the game 3–6.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament
With the team needing to win the second game by 4 goals to advance they had their work cut out for them but Gary Kruzich played one of his best games, holding BU to a single goal while the Falcons scored 4 goals in regulation, and added the series winner in overtime.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament
The miraculous turnaround sent Bowling Green to Lake Placid for the second time that season where the Falcons faced the #1 offensive team and the only squad with more wins (33), Michigan State. Once more the defense was instrumental in Bowling Green's win, shutting the Spartans down and winning 2–1.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament, Overtime Epic
In the championship game BGSU only had Minnesota–Duluth left standing in their way but the #1 ranked Bulldogs looked to be a tough test. Bristling with talent and possessing Hobey Baker Award winner Tom Kurvers, UMD looked to get the jump on Bowling Green early but it was Garry Galley who notched the game's first goal with a shot that somehow found its way through a mass of bodies. Duluth responded with their own goal 20 seconds later and two teams remained tied for the next period plus.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament, Overtime Epic
Bill Watson broke the tie past the mid-way point of the game while Bob Lakso extended the lead at the start of the third period. With the team down by 2 goals with 19 minutes to play, Bowling Green began firing shot after shot against Rick Kosti and eventually the Falcons' leading goal-scorer Jamie Wansborough broke through with a power play marker. With over 15 minutes to play the Falcons had plenty of time to tie the score but with Duluth playing in a defensive shell their opportunities were limited.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament, Overtime Epic
The situation became dire when UMD regained their 2-goal advantage with 8 minutes to play but the Falcons responded immediately and cut the lead back to 1. Bowling Green had a good opportunity to tie the game late on a power play but they couldn't convert and as the clock kept ticking it appeared that Minnesota–Duluth was going to win the national title. With less than two minutes to play, team co-captain Wayne Wilson fired the puck into the Duluth zone from the red line. When Kosti went behind the net to play the puck it hit something along the boards and bounced out into the crease and, with three Bulldogs around him, John Samanski poked the puck into the net to tie the game.


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament, Overtime Epic
With the Duluth faithful screaming that the play should have been icing the two teams restarted play and fought furiously in the final 90 seconds before heading into overtime. In the first overtime UMD nearly ended the game but Kruzich stopped a semi-breakaway by Lakso and neither squad could find the back of the net. The game became the first title game to need more than one extra frame but it did not stop there. Kruzich and Kosti kept the score tied until deep into the fourth 10-minute overtime. With both teams exhausted leading BG scorer Dan Kane found Gino Cavallini alone in front of the net and the sophomore backhanded the puck past Kosti's leg to end the longest championship game in NCAA history (as of 2019).


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, Awards and Honors
Gary Kruzich became the third consecutive goaltender to win the tournament MOP as much for his overtime heroics as for holding BU and MSU to single goals in the previous two wins. However, Kruzich had to share his All-Tournament team spot with UMD's Rick Kosti, the only time in history that any position was split between two people (as of 2019).


1983–84 Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey season, Season, Awards and Honors
Kruzich was joined on the All-Tournament team by David Ellett and Garry Galley while Galley and Dan Kane made the AHCA All-American West Team and the All-CCHA First Team Ellett and John Samanski were named to the CCHA Second Team while none of the individual conference awards went to the Falcons.