1982 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 3
Group 3 consisted of five of the 34 teams entered into the European zone: Czechoslovakia, Iceland, Soviet Union, Turkey, and Wales. These five teams competed on a home-and-away basis for two of the 14 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone, with the group's winner and runner-up claiming those spots.


1982 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 4
Group 4 consisted of five of the 34 teams entered into the European zone: England, Hungary, Norway, Romania, and Switzerland. These five teams competed on a home-and-away basis for two of the 14 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone, with the group's winner and runner-up claiming those spots.


1982 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 5
Group 5 consisted of five of the 34 teams entered into the European zone: Denmark, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Yugoslavia. These five teams competed on a home-and-away basis for two of the 14 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone, with the group's winner and runner-up claiming those spots.


1982 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 6
1982 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group 6 consisted of five of the 34 teams entered into the European zone: Scotland, Sweden, and Portugal, Northern Ireland and Israel. These five teams competed on a home-and-away basis for two of the 14 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone, with the group's winner and runner-up claiming that spot.


1982 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 7
1982 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group 7 consisted of three of the 34 teams entered into the European zone: East Germany, Malta, and Poland. These three teams competed on a home-and-away basis for one of the 14 spots in the final tournament allocated to the European zone, with the group's winner claiming that spot.


1982 FIFA World Cup squads
Below are the squads for the 1982 FIFA World Cup final tournament in Spain.


1982 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 1, Italy
Note: With the exception of the goalkeepers, the Italian team was numbered alphabetically within their respective positions - Defenders, Midfielders, Wingers and Forwards.


1982 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 3, Argentina
Note that this squad is numbered alphabetically by surname, unlike traditional numbering systems where the goalkeeper has shirt number 1 and so forth. However, Diego Maradona and Patricio Hernández were swapped round to give Maradona his favoured 10.


1982 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 3, Belgium
Jozef Daerden was a replacement to René Vandereycken in at the last moment due to an injury of the latter.


1982 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 4, England
Note that this squad is numbered alphabetically by surname, unlike traditional numbering systems. Despite this the goalkeepers are given the usual England goalkeepers' shirts 1, 13 & 22 (again alphabetically) and Kevin Keegan is given his favoured 7.


1982 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 4, France
Note: This squad is numbered alphabetically within the players positions, including the goalkeepers. The exception is Michel Platini, who was given his favoured number 10


1982 FIFA World Cup squads, Notes
Each national team had to submit a squad of 22 players. All the teams included 3 goalkeepers.


1982 FIFUSA Futsal World Cup
The 1982 FIFUSA Futsal World Championship was the inaugural FIFUSA Futsal World Cup (now known as AMF Futsal World Cup). The tournament was held by Brazil from May 30 to June 6 in São Paulo. Ten national teams from four confederations (five from South America, three from Europe, one from Asia and one from North America) participated in the tournament.


1982 FIFUSA Futsal World Cup, Venues
All matches were played in one venue: Ginásio do Ibirapuera in São Paulo.


1982 FIFUSA Futsal World Cup, First round
The group winners and runners up advanced to the round of 16.


1982 FIFUSA Futsal World Cup, Knockout phase
In the knockout stages, if a match is level at the end of normal playing time, extra time shall be played (two periods of five minutes each) and followed, if necessary, by kicks from the penalty mark to determine the winner.


1982 FIFUSA Futsal World Cup, Ranking
Note: As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.


1982 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup
The 1982 Artistic Gymnastics World Cup was held in Zagreb, SFR Yugoslavia in 1982.


1982 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The 1982 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the third World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 2 January 1982 and ended on 26 March 1982. This season included four disciplines: aerials, moguls, ballet and combined.


1982 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship
The 1982 FIVB Men's World Championship was the tenth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 1 to 15 October 1982 in Argentina.


1982 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 1978 FIVB Men's World Championship.


1982 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, Results, Second round
The results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the preliminary round shall be taken into account for the second round.


1982 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship
The 1982 FIVB Women's World Championship was the ninth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 12 to 25 September 1982 at six venues in six different cities in Peru. The finals were held at the Coliseo Amauta in Lima, Peru.


1982 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 1978 FIVB Women's World Championship.


1982 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Pools composition
* : Withdrew and replaced by  Peru junior team, its result did not count in the championship. * *: Withdrew and replaced by  Chile. * **: Withdrew and replaced by  Puerto Rico.


1982 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Results, Second round
The results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the first round are taken into account for the second round.


1982 Family Circle Cup
The 1982 Family Circle Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Sea Pines Racquet Club on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina in the United States that was part of the 1982 Avon Championships World Championship Series. It was the 10th edition of the tournament and was held from April 5 through April 11, 1982. Second-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $34,000 first-prize money.


1982 Family Circle Cup, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver defeated  JoAnne Russell /  Virginia Ruzici 6–1, 6–2


1982 Federation Cup (tennis)
The 1982 Federation Cup was the 20th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. The tournament was held at the Decathlon Club in Santa Clara, CA, United States, from 19–25 July. The United States won their record seventh consecutive title, defeating West Germany in the final without losing a rubber.


1982 Federation Cup (tennis), Draw
All ties were played at the Decathlon Club in Santa Clara, CA, United States, on hard courts.


1982 Fiesta Bowl
The 1982 Fiesta Bowl was the eleventh edition of the college football bowl game, played at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona on Friday, January 1. Part of the 1981–82 bowl game season, it matched the seventh-ranked independent Penn State Nittany Lions and the #8 USC Trojans of the Pacific-10 Conference. A slight underdog, Penn State won, 26–10.


1982 Fiesta Bowl
This was the first Fiesta Bowl played in January, in light of the bowl game's increasing popularity due to the sunny climate which had games with a team ranked in the top ten appearing in the eight of the first ten editions. It was the second Fiesta Bowl with both teams in the top ten; the first was six years earlier, and the third was in 1986.


1982 Fiesta Bowl, Teams
This was Penn State's second straight Fiesta Bowl and USC's first.


1982 Fiesta Bowl, Teams, Penn State
The Nittany Lions had spent a week ranked #1 before a loss to Miami knocked them to #6 and a loss to Alabama ultimately dropped them out of championship contention, though they finished the season on a two-game winning streak and ranked in the top 10 for the second straight year.


1982 Fiesta Bowl, Teams, USC
The Trojans were third in the Pacific-10 Conference after losses to Arizona (which knocked them out of being ranked #1) and Washington (which not only knocked them out of being ranked #3 but also cost them the Pac-10 title) relegated them to this game. One notable highlight was Marcus Allen, who after winning the Heisman Trophy with the first 2,000 yard season, was playing his final collegiate game.


1982 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
The game kicked off shortly after 11:30 a.m. MST, leading off a bowl tripleheader on NBC (Rose, Orange). The Fiesta started a half hour before the Cotton Bowl on CBS; the Sugar Bowl (ABC) moved to a night game this year, opposite the Orange.


1982 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
USC had more turnovers and punts than Penn State while being outrushed and outyarded by Penn State in a wet soggy game that was at one point 24–7. Halfback Curt Warner scored on a touchdown run early in the first quarter on his first carry of the game. But USC responded when 1981 College Football All-American linebacker Chip Banks returned an interception return 20 yards for a touchdown. Gregg Garrity caught a long touchdown pass from Todd Blackledge 52 yards away to give Penn State the lead they would never again relinquish. Brian Franco added a field goal before the half ended to give Penn State a 17–7 halftime lead.


1982 Fiesta Bowl, Game summary
Warner added his second touchdown run of the day and USC could only respond with a field goal by Steve Jordan. When USC was stopped deep in its own territory later in the quarter, Dave Paffenroth's punt was blocked and went out of the end zone for a safety; the Nittany Lions led 26–10 after three quarters. The fourth quarter was scoreless and Penn State repeated as Fiesta Bowl champions.


1982 Fife Regional Council election
The third election to Fife Regional Council was held on 6 May 1982 as part of the wider 1982 Scottish regional elections. The election saw Labour maintaining their control of the region's 46-seat council.


1982 Fiji rugby union tour of Great Britain and Canada
The 1982 Fiji rugby union tour of Great Britain and Canada was a series of matches played between September and October 1982 and by Fiji national rugby union team, in Scotland, England and Canada.


1982 Fiji rugby union tour of Great Britain and Canada
A match against Scotland and another against England were played, but Scottish Rugby Union and Rugby Football Union did not award full international caps.


1982 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji between 10 and 17 July 1982. The paradoxical results were both a triumph and a setback for the Alliance Party of the Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara. The Alliance captured 51.8 percent of the popular vote, only slightly down on its previous total, but won only 28 seats, 8 fewer than at the previous election of September 1977.


1982 Fijian general election
Part of the reason for this discrepancy was that the slight surge in support for Ratu Mara's Alliance in the Indo-Fijian community, from 14 percent to 16 percent, was not sufficient to translate into seats in Fiji's communal electoral system, and did not therefore off-set losses among the ethnic Fijian community, particularly in the west of the country. The Western United Front of Ratu Osea Gavidi won only two seats, but split the vote, allowing the National Federation party (NFP), with which it tactically allied itself, to pick up six seats for a total of 22. Moreover, the NFP, which had split into two factions before the previous election, had reunited by now.


1982 Fijian general election, Campaign
A total of 137 candidates contested the 52 seats in the House of Representatives. One candidate – Subramani Basawaiya of the National Federation Party –  was elected unopposed in the Savusavu–Macuatu East Indo-Fijian communal constituency, after his sole opponent, Alliance Party candidate Shiu Prasad, withdrew from the contest shortly before the elections. The Alliance claimed the withdrawal was tactical, as it would mean Indo-Fijian voters would be less likely to come out to vote, giving the Alliance an advantage in the national constituencies.


1982 Fijian general election, Campaign
The Fijian Nationalist Party campaigned on a 'Fiji for the Fijians' platform, with their manifesto including policies of reserving 46 of the 52 seats in the House of Representatives for Fijians and returning all freehold and crown lands to the Fijian community.


1982 Fijian general election, Campaign
The Fijian-dominated Western United Front, established in July 1981 and led by Osea Gavidi, formed an electoral pact with the Indo-Fijian dominated National Federation Party, resulting in the NFP standing down in six Fijian national constituencies to allow the WUF to run.


1982 Fijian general election, Results
The Alliance won 86% of the vote in the Fijian communal constituencies, with the WUF on 7% and the NFP just 0.8%. In Indo-Fijian communal constituencies the NFP received 84% of the vote and the Alliance 15%.


1982 Fijian general election, Results
Three deputy ministers lost their seats; Bill Clark, Ishwari Prasad Bajpai and Sakiasi Waqnivavalagi.


1982 Finnish presidential election
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in January 1982. The public elected presidential electors to an electoral college on 17 and 18 January. They in turn elected the President. The result was a victory for Mauno Koivisto, the first member of the Social Democratic Party to be elevated to the country's highest post, and his election meant the full integration of Social Democrats into Finnish public life and an end to the postwar dominance of the Centre Party.


1982 Finnish presidential election, Background
Koivisto had been a leading public figure since the late 1960s, when he had served as Prime Minister for two years. During the 1970s, as governor of the Bank of Finland and, for a short time, as Minister of Finance, he had won the public's respect for the accuracy of his economic forecasts. His personality and considerable media astuteness also won him a very considerable personal popularity across party lines. Born in 1923 in Turku, the son of a carpenter, he fought bravely during World War II.


1982 Finnish presidential election, Background
After the war he returned to his native city, and through years of part-time study, earned a doctorate in sociology in 1956. He was active within the moderate wing of the SDP, yet did not seek an elective office. He began his banking career by directing a large employees' savings bank in Helsinki.


1982 Finnish presidential election, Background
Summoned again in 1979 to serve as Prime Minister, Koivisto retained the public's esteem and became a strong potential candidate for the presidential election scheduled for 1984. Seen by Centre Party politicians as a threat to their party's hold on the presidency after Urho Kekkonen's inevitable retirement, Koivisto was pressured to resign in the spring of 1981. He refused, telling Kekkonen that he would continue as Prime Minister until a lack of parliamentary support for his government was shown. Koivisto's survival despite Kekkonen's challenge was seen by some observers as the end of an era in which the president had dominated Finnish public life.


1982 Finnish presidential election, Background
In autumn 1981 failing health forced Kekkonen to resign the presidency, and Koivisto assumed the duties of the office until the presidential election set for January 1982, two years ahead of schedule. He won handily, with the Social Democratic Party receiving 43% of the votes with a turnout of 81.3% --and 145 of the electors. With the support of some electors pledged to the Finnish People's Democratic League candidate, he won, with 167 votes, on the first ballot of the electoral college. His popularity remained high during his first term, and he easily won re-election in 1988.


1982 Fischer-Grand Prix
The 1982 Fischer-Grand Prix was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, [Austria that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from 18 October until 24 October 1982. First-seeded Brian Gottfried won the singles title, his third at the event after 1977 and 1980.


1982 Fischer-Grand Prix, Finals, Doubles
Henri Leconte /  Pavel Složil defeated  Mark Dickson /  Terry Moor 6–1, 7–6


1982 Fischer-Grand Prix – Doubles
Steve Denton and Tim Wilkison were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1982 Fischer-Grand Prix – Doubles
Henri Leconte and Pavel Složil won in the final 6–1, 7–6 against Mark Dickson and Terry Moor.


1982 Fischer-Grand Prix – Singles
Ivan Lendl was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1982 Fischer-Grand Prix – Singles
Brian Gottfried won in the final 6–1, 6–4, 6–0 against Bill Scanlon.


1982 Five Nations Championship
The 1982 Five Nations Championship was the fifty-third series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the eighty-eighth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 16 January and 20 March. The winner of the championship was Ireland, with three wins and one defeat. It was the team's ninth title (excluding seven previous other titles which were shared). Ireland also won the Triple Crown, its fifth such honour, its first since 1949 and last one until 1985. The team's only defeat came on the final day of the competition, losing 22-9 to France in Paris, denying the Irish what would have been only their second ever Grand Slam.


1982 Five Nations Championship
Wales's defeat by Scotland was their first loss at home in a Five Nations championship match since France won at Cardiff in March 1968.


1982 Five Nations Championship
The Ireland vs Wales game was delayed by a week due to a frozen pitch in Dublin.


1982 Flinders by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Flinders on 4 December 1982. It was triggered by the resignation of the sitting member and former Liberal Party deputy leader, Sir Phillip Lynch. Fifteen people nominated for Liberal preselection, including Jim Short, Roger Johnston and Richard Alston. The Labor candidate, Rogan Ward, was a previous mayor of the former City of Frankston.


1982 Flinders by-election
The by-election was won by Liberal Party candidate Peter Reith. Parliament was in session until 15 December, but Reith chose not to attend to be sworn in then. On 3 February 1983, before Parliament could meet following the by-election, the Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser, called a double dissolution election for 5 March. Reith lost his seat but was re-elected at the December 1984 election.


1982 Flinders by-election
Rogan Ward was the ALP candidate at the by-election but due to dissatisfaction with his candidacy was not again the candidate at the 1983 election. The successful ALP candidate was instead Bob Chynoweth. Chynoweth did not face a rematch with Reith in 1984, instead successfully transferring to the seat of Dunkley.


1982 Flinders by-election
Opponents of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania (which was eventually vetoed by the incoming Hawke Government in 1983) used the Flinders by-election as an informal referendum. 41% of Liberal voters wrote "No Dams" on their ballot-papers  This had no legal effect but did not invalidate their votes.


1982 Florence Open
The 1982 Florence Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Florence, Italy that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was played from 10 May until 16 May 1982. Second-seeded Vitas Gerulaitis won the singles title.


1982 Florence Open, Finals, Doubles
Paolo Bertolucci /  Adriano Panatta defeated  Tony Giammalva /  Sammy Giammalva 7–6, 6–1


1982 Flores earthquake
The 1982 Flores earthquake struck the island of Flores in Indonesia on December 25. Registering a moment magnitude of 5.9, according to the International Seismological Centre, it created landslides and was reportedly accompanied by a tsunami. The earthquake killed thirteen people and left 390 injured, also destroying 1,875 houses and 121 other buildings. The villages of Layahong and Oyong Barang were damaged by seven seconds of shaking.


1982 Flores earthquake
The Lesser Sunda Islands lie in a region with frequent seismicity, and there is a history of tsunamis in the area. Both the subduction of the Australian Plate and the crust in the Flores Sea could be responsible for this activity.


1982 Flores earthquake
The five most affected districts were evacuated of 6,000 people. The local and regional governments were petitioned for supplies like tents, medicine, and food. The earthquake was followed by several aftershocks.


1982 Flores earthquake
In 1992, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck the island. It was the deadliest earthquake of the year, killing roughly 2,500 people.


1982 Florey state by-election
A by-election was held for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Florey on 4 September 1982. This was triggered by the resignation of former state Labor MHA Harold O'Neill. The seat had been retained by Labor since it was created and first contested at the 1970 state election.


1982 Florida Federal Open
The 1982 Florida Federal Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the East Lake Woodlands Racquet Club in Tampa, Florida in the United States that was part of the Toyota Series circuit of the 1982 WTA Tour. It was the 10th edition of the tournament and was held from October 11 through October 17, 1982. The final was watched by a crowd of 6,150 spectators who saw first-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd win the singles title and earn $22,000 first-prize money.


1982 Florida Federal Open, Finals, Doubles
Ann Kiyomura /  Paula Smith defeated  Mary-Lou Piatek /  Wendy White-Prausa 6–0, 6–1


1982 Florida Gators football team
The 1982 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season. The season was the fourth for Charley Pell as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Pell's 1982 Florida Gators posted an 8–4 overall record and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 3–3, tying for sixth place in the ten-team SEC.


1982 Florida Gators football team
The highlight of the season was a nationally televised September victory over Southern Cal in the Trojans' only visit to Florida Field. Gator linebacker Wilber Marshall had 14 tackles and 4 sacks in the 17–9 victory and was named national defensive player of the week on his way to All-American honors at the end of the season. On offense, the team was led by quarterback Wayne Peace, who set an NCAA record for completion percentage in a season (70.7%) running offensive coordinator Mike Shanahan's short passing attack.


1982 Florida Gators football team
Florida played six of their first seven games at home and rode their early season success into a #4 ranking in early October, which matched the highest AP poll placement in program history up to that time. However, close losses to LSU and Vanderbilt and a blow-out loss to arch rival Georgia knocked them out of the polls, and the Gators finished the season 8–4 after a loss in the 1982 Bluebonnet Bowl


1982 Florida State Seminoles football team
The 1982 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Bobby Bowden and played their home games at Doak Campbell Stadium.


1982 Florida gubernatorial election
The 1982 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1982. Incumbent Democratic Governor Bob Graham was re-elected, defeating Republican nominee Skip Bafalis with 64.70% of the vote. Bafalis was the last Florida Republican gubernatorial nominee to have never won a gubernatorial general election.


1982 Florida subtropical storm
The 1982 Florida subtropical storm, officially known as Subtropical Storm One, was the only subtropical cyclone of the exceptionally inactive 1982 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm originated from two different systems around the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on June 16. The systems merged into trough while a circulation began to form off the coast of Florida on June 18. The depression made landfall in Florida and strengthened into a storm over land. The storm entered the Atlantic Ocean and headed to the northeast, becoming extratropical on June 20 near Newfoundland. The storm was the only system of 1982 to affect the eastern half of the United States, and it caused three fatalities and caused $10 million in damage (1982 USD, $21 million 2007 USD).


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Meteorological history
The subtropical storm had an unusual origin by forming from an interaction of two different systems near the Yucatán Peninsula. This occurrence is unusual, but not unique, as Subtropical Storm One in the 1974 season formed in similar pattern. A reconnaissance flight on June 17 reported that there appeared to be multiple transient circulations at the surface, but no well-defined center. The first disturbance can be traced back to June 15 in the northwest Caribbean. The disturbance moved north, along with a low-pressure area that formed over the Yucatán Peninsula.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Meteorological history
A trough merged with the low-pressure area creating an even stronger trough over the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Conditions in the Gulf of Mexico were favorable for tropical storm formation. Some severe weather had been occurring over the Florida Peninsula as early as June 16, as the fringes of disturbance moved across the Florida Straits and over the Peninsula.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Meteorological history
A circulation began to form on June 18 in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, prompting gale warnings. It was declared Subtropical Depression One the same day. The depression made landfall on the morning of June 18 just north of Spring Hill, Florida and gained subtropical storm status over land. The storm was classified as Subtropical Storm One by the National Hurricane Center, as the rule was not to name subtropical storms. The subtropical storm moved to the northeast and crossed the Outer Banks of North Carolina on June 19.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Meteorological history
Even though the minimum central pressures remained low, the circulation expanded and became distorted. The subtropical storm peaked at 70 mph winds (110 km/h) on June 18, but did not reach its minimum pressure until June 20, when it dropped to 984 mbar (29.07 inHg). The subtropical storm was declared an extratropical storm near the Canadian Maritimes, on the same day.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Preparations
Several warnings were issued in association with the subtropical storm. On June 16, severe thunderstorm watches and warnings were issued for Florida. The next day, more warnings were issued, including tornado, small craft, and special marine warnings. There were also various types of special weather statements issued for heavy rains. Five gale warnings were issued on June 18 and June 19 for the cities on the western coast of Florida. All warnings were discontinued by 12 p.m. EDT (1600 UTC) June 19. The same day, a gale warning was issued from Cape Henlopen, Delaware to Watch Hill, Rhode Island.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Preparations
The subtropical storm postponed the bi-annual Newport, Rhode Island to Bermuda sailboat race for two consecutive days due to the forecast one of the storm. Subsequent reports from sailboats said that with the track of the storm, if not for the delay, there would have been a marine disaster.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Impact
In its main inflow band over Cuba, rainfall amounts up to 28.66 inches (728 mm) were recorded.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Impact
Most of the storm's effects were felt in Florida where it made landfall on the morning of June 18, causing gales, heavy rains, flooding, beach erosion and tornadoes. The highest winds were recorded at 41 miles per hour (66 km/h) and up to 48 miles per hour (77 km/h) during a thunderstorm at Macdill Air Force Base in Tampa on June 18. Rainfall peaked at 10.72 inches (272.28 mm) in Desoto City, while much of the rest of the state reported between 1–5 inches (25–125 inches) of precipitation.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Impact
High tides and waves caused flooding and beach erosion from Naples to the Tampa Bay area. Some waterfront buildings suffered damage from undermining including widespread damage of marinas and some boats. Several bulkheads and rock revetments experienced minor damage in Naples and Marco Island. Several man‑made dune structures seaward of the Coastal Construction Control Line in Collier County received minor damage at Vanderbilt Beach and Marco Island. Three people were killed in Florida in association with the subtropical storm with a further thirteen people injured. A Brevard County woman died when a canoe overturned and an Orange County child was killed when he was swept into a drainage ditch. 130 families were evacuated a few days after the storm from the Arcadia River area because the Peace River crested above flood stage.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Impact
The subtropical storm spawned twelve tornadoes across Florida, including at least 2 tornadoes which reached a magnitude of F2 on the Fujita Scale. The first tornado formed in Hendry County on June 18 at 0115 UTC reaching F2 strength. The third fatality was a man from Hendry County who was killed in his mobile home, which was destroyed by a tornado. A total of twenty-five homes in Florida were destroyed. Total damage in Florida totaled out to $10 million (1982 USD, $21 million 2007 USD).


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Impact
The storm's effects north of Florida were minor. Rainfall reached up to nine inches (228 mm) in extreme eastern South Carolina and four inches (101 mm) in eastern North Carolina.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Impact
Winds reached 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) with gusts up to 66 miles per hour (106 km/h) at the Oak Island Coast Guard Station near Cape Fear, North Carolina and 54 miles per hour (87 km/h) with gusts of 77 miles per hour (124 km/h) at the offshore tower at Frying Pan Shoals about forty miles southeast of Cape Fear on June 18 with 70 mph winds (110 km/h) the next day.


1982 Florida subtropical storm, Impact
A 68-foot fishing trawler sunk off the coast of Cape Fear in North Carolina from the high waves; no one was killed as the sailors were rescued by the United States Coast Guard on June 19. Flooding was reported with tides of two to three feet in the Carolinas. Rainfall from the subtropical storm reached both states, reaching maximum peaks of up to five inches (127 mm) on the Georgia coast and seven inches on the Georgia/South Carolina border. Rainfall totaled to about one inch (25 mm) on the Virginian coast. A ship encountered winds of a minimum tropical storm with gusts as high as a maximum tropical storm. The ship also encountered a tidal surge of 15 to 20 feet.


1982 Football League Cup Final
The 1982 Football League Cup Final was a football match between Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur on 13 March 1982 at Wembley Stadium. It was the final match of the 1981–82 Football League Cup, the 22nd staging of the Football League Cup, a football competition for the 92 teams in The Football League. Liverpool were the reigning champions and appearing in their third final. This was Tottenham's third final, having won their previous two appearances in 1971 and 1973.


1982 Football League Cup Final
Both teams entered the competition in the second round. Liverpool's matches were generally comfortable victories. They beat Middlesbrough 4–1 in the third round, but two of their ties went to a replay. Tottenham's matches were close affairs, the only match they won by more than one goal was their 2–0 victory against Wrexham in the third round, although they did not concede a single goal en route to the final.


1982 Football League Cup Final
Watched by a crowd of 100,000, Tottenham opened the scoring in the 11th minute when striker Steve Archibald scored. Tottenham maintained their lead until the 87th minute, when midfielder Ronnie Whelan equalised for Liverpool. With the scores level after 90 minutes the match went to extra time. Whelan scored again in the 111th minute to give Liverpool the lead and striker Ian Rush scored in the 119th minute to secure a 3–1 victory for Liverpool. It was their second League Cup victory and second in succession. The year before, Ray Clemence played for Liverpool, only to be on the losing side against his former team in 1982.


1982 Formula One World Championship
The 1982 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 36th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It included two competitions run over the course of the year, the 33rd Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 25th Formula One World Championship for Constructors. The season featured sixteen rounds between 23 January and 25 September. The Drivers' Championship was won by Keke Rosberg and the Constructors' Championship by Scuderia Ferrari.


1982 Formula One World Championship
The championship started with a drivers' strike at the season opener in South Africa and saw a partial-race boycott as part of the ongoing FISA–FOCA war at the San Marino Grand Prix. Two drivers died during 1982: Gilles Villeneuve during qualifying for the Belgian Grand Prix and Riccardo Paletti at the start of the Canadian Grand Prix. Championship front-runner Didier Pironi also suffered a career-ending accident while qualifying for the German Grand Prix. These incidents and several other major accidents led to regulation changes to increase driver safety for the 1983 season. Motorsport journalist Nigel Roebuck later wrote that 1982 was "an ugly year, pock-marked by tragedy, by dissension, by greed, and yet, paradoxically, it produced some of the most memorable racing ever seen".


1982 Formula One World Championship
Eventual champion Rosberg won only one race during the season – the Swiss Grand Prix – but consistency gave him the Drivers' Championship, five points clear of Pironi and John Watson. Rosberg was the second driver to win the championship having won only one race in the season, after Mike Hawthorn in 1958. Eleven drivers from seven teams won a race during the season, no driver winning more than twice; there was a run of nine different winners in nine consecutive races from the Monaco Grand Prix to the Swiss Grand Prix. Ferrari, who replaced Villeneuve with Patrick Tambay and Pironi with 1978 World Champion Mario Andretti, managed to score enough points to secure the Constructors' Championship, finishing with five more points than second-placed McLaren while Renault came third.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors
The following teams and drivers took part in the 1982 Formula One World Championship:


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Team changes
All teams and constructors who had competed in 1981 returned for the new season. Brabham had entered an engine supply deal with German car manufacturer BMW for the use of their inline-four turbo engines. The team announced in January that they were committing to the use of the new BMW engine throughout the season, but after experiencing reliability problems with it, they reverted to the Cosworth DFV motor several times during the season.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Driver changes
At the end of the 1981 season, both Williams drivers, 1980 World Champion Alan Jones and Carlos Reutemann, had announced their retirement from racing. Reutemann did in fact return for 1982, competing in the first two races, before retiring unexpectedly at the end of March. Jones was replaced by Keke Rosberg, who had previously entered 36 Grands Prix, with a third-place finish as his best result.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Driver changes
The off season saw rumours of several former champions returning to the sport, but in the end only double World Champion Niki Lauda returned to Formula One after an absence of two years to partner John Watson at McLaren. Ferrari and Renault retained their race-winning line-ups of Gilles Villeneuve and Didier Pironi and Alain Prost and René Arnoux, respectively. At Brabham, defending World Champion Nelson Piquet remained with the team, and was partnered by Riccardo Patrese, who moved from Arrows to replace Héctor Rebaque.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Driver changes
The Osella team gave Riccardo Paletti his Grand Prix debut, while Toleman replaced Brian Henton with Teo Fabi, also a newcomer to Formula One. Marc Surer was hired by Arrows, but broke both his feet in pre-season testing at Kyalami. He was set to be replaced by Patrick Tambay, who was then fired after taking part in the drivers' strike at that race and the seat went to Henton. Eliseo Salazar transferred from Ensign Racing to the ATS team.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Driver changes
Following Reutemann's retirement, Williams hired 1978 World Champion Mario Andretti as a one-off replacement for the United States Grand Prix West. Derek Daly then became the permanent second driver at the team, as Andretti had racing obligations in the United States to fulfill. Andretti returned with Ferrari for the last two races of the season, replacing Pironi, who had suffered career-ending injuries at the German Grand Prix. Villeneuve, who died following a crash in qualifying for the Belgian Grand Prix, was replaced by Tambay starting from the Dutch Grand Prix.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Driver changes
At Team Lotus, Nigel Mansell missed two races due to injuries from a crash in Canada. His substitute at the Dutch Grand Prix was Roberto Moreno, who failed to qualify. Mansell attempted a comeback at Brands Hatch, but was again replaced at the French Grand Prix, this time by Geoff Lees. An accident at the race in France led Jochen Mass, already deeply shaken by the fatal crash of Villeneuve, in which he was involved, to walk away from Grand Prix racing. He was replaced at March by Rupert Keegan.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Drivers and constructors, Driver changes
Swedish driver Slim Borgudd had moved from ATS to Tyrrell in the off season, but was forced to leave the team after only three races when his sponsorship money ran out. Henton took his place from the Belgian Grand Prix onwards, as Surer returned to Arrows after his injuries had healed.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season calendar
The following rounds were included on the provisional calendars published by the FIA but were cancelled:


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season calendar, Calendar changes
The Argentine Grand Prix was scheduled to take place on 7 March, but was cancelled due to lack of sponsors, as several pulled out due to uncertainty following the drivers' strike in the opening race.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season calendar, Calendar changes
The Spanish Grand Prix was omitted from the calendar for several reasons. The Circuito del Jarama, where the race had been held the previous year, was unpopular with the drivers. In addition, the organisers had failed to pay their fees for 1981. Although the race was re-instated for 27 June after the organisers had paid off their debts to the Formula One Constructors' Association (FOCA), protests from the teams over the dangerous nature of the Jarama venue led to the race being cancelled.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season calendar, Calendar changes
Two new races were added to the calendar compared to 1981: the Detroit Grand Prix and the Swiss Grand Prix, the latter to be held at Dijon-Prenois in France since motor racing has been outlawed in Switzerland since the 1955 Le Mans disaster. The addition of Detroit meant that the United States hosted three Grands Prix, the only time one country had more than two races in one season until 2020, when Italy also hosted three Grands Prix.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Politics
Starting in the early 1970s, Bernie Ecclestone, owner of the Brabham team, had seized control of the Formula 1 Constructors Association, later renamed Formula One Constructors' Association. In this role, he began to negotiate more lucrative contracts between the teams and the track owners, including obtaining full control over television rights for FOCA.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Politics
Realising the growing influence of Ecclestone and FOCA, the sport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and its head, Paul Metternich, instated Frenchman Jean-Marie Balestre as the head of the Commission Sportive Internationale in 1978, which was then renamed to Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA). FIA delegated running of the sporting regulations governing Formula One to FISA.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Politics
Over the following years, a power struggle developed between FOCA and FISA and Ecclestone and Balestre in particular. This conflict is generally referred to as the FISA–FOCA war. FOCA consisted of the majorly British constructor teams, while the manufacturer or "works" teams (Renault, Ferrari, Alfa Romeo and Talbot-Ligier), together with Osella and Toleman were aligned with FISA.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Politics
The conflict came to a head at the 1980 Spanish Grand Prix, where the drivers of teams belonging to FOCA boycotted the obligatory drivers' briefing and were threatened by FISA with having their licences revoked. The race went ahead as a non-championship event, without the non-FOCA aligned teams participating.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Politics
Following an aborted attempt to establish a breakaway World Championship, FOCA agreed to the Concorde Agreement with FISA in March 1981. This agreement stipulated that all teams were obliged to attend all rounds of the championship, while at the same time settling differences over future regulation changes.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Sporting regulations
The new rules for the 1982 season included an increase in the number of cars permitted to enter a Grand Prix from 30 to 34, and the number of starters from 24 to 26. To avoid having all 34 cars on the track at one time, a pre-qualifying session was introduced in which the three teams with the worst record in the previous year would compete to be allowed into qualification proper. Just as the previous year, the best eleven results from all the races counted towards the Drivers' Championship. All races counted towards the Constructors' Championship.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
In the years leading up to 1982, two major technological developments had shaped Formula One: the turbocharged engine and "ground effect". In 1977, Lotus had revolutionised aerodynamics in Formula One by introducing the Lotus 78, known as the "wing car". The car used what is commonly referred to as "ground effect", with the physical principle applied being the "Venturi effect". The sides of the underside of the car would be shut off with skirts to trap the under-pressure airflow underneath the car, effectively "sucking" the vehicle to the ground.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
This led to increased cornering speeds, but at the same time brought implications that had an adverse effect on the drivers' safety. Moveable skirts were thus banned in 1981, accompanied by a minimum ride height for the cars of 6 cm (2.4 in), targeted at minimising the "ground effect" and to reduce cornering speed.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
For 1982, both regulations were reversed as a result of the new Concorde Agreement. The skirts around the underpart of the chassis, which locked the airflow underneath the car, necessitated very stiff suspensions to work properly. This meant that every bump on track was putting enormous strain on the drivers, shaking them around in the cockpit. Additionally, the cornering speed and the resulting high g-forces put pressure on both the drivers and the cars' suspensions, making them prone to breaking. The cars would also move up and down on the road, in an effect called "porpoising", making the cars very hard to control. These adverse effects were particularly impactful at bumpy circuits, such as Jacarepaguá, where Riccardo Patrese retired due to exhaustion. Other drivers reported dizziness and blurred vision.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
The potentially dangerous implications of "ground effect" were only worsened by the advent of very powerful turbocharged engines. In 1977, Renault had introduced the first turbocharged engine into the sport with their Renault RS01. The regulations at the time allowed for either three-litre normally aspirated or 1.5-litre turbocharged engines, with Renault being the first to attempt to go the latter route. Over the next few seasons, the turbo engines proved fast, yet unreliable.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
The cars also suffered from an effect often labelled "turbo lag", meaning that a significant and indeterminable time gap existed between applying the throttle of the car and the point when the full power of the turbo was taking effect. This made the turbo cars very difficult to drive. In 1979, Renault took the first victory with a turbo-charged engine. In 1981, Ferrari had followed them by introducing their own turbo engine. Additionally, the Toleman team also used turbo engines for 1982, supplied by Hart, while Brabham started using turbocharged BMW engines at some, but not all, rounds that year.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
Alfa Romeo retained what motorsport writer Doug Nye called the most powerful three-litre engine seen in Formula One at that time, with 548 bhp (409 kW). They tested their turbocharged V8 engine during practice for the Italian Grand Prix, but did not race with it until 1983. Most FOCA teams still relied upon the Cosworth DFV engine, which had been introduced by Lotus in 1967.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
In 1981, McLaren had built the first monocoque car from carbon fibre composite. This resulted in lighter cars, while at the same time being more rigid. McLaren had proven that carbon-fibre cars could be quick, with John Watson winning the 1981 British Grand Prix. Watson's lack of severe injuries following a severe accident at that year's Italian Grand Prix had shown the superiority of the material in terms of safety. Lotus followed suit for 1982, introducing carbon fibre for their Lotus 91.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
Even with these effective technical advances in chassis design, the FOCA teams with a Cosworth DFV motor had a significant power disadvantage compared to the constructors who used a turbocharged engine. To counteract this, the non-turbo teams used a loophole in the regulations. The weight of the car was measured before and after the race, with oil and cooling liquids allowed to be refilled before the final weigh-in.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
The teams would therefore build their cars lighter than allowed by the regulations and added water tanks, which they claimed were used to cool brake temperatures, but in reality the water was dumped on the track as soon as the car left the pitlane, allowing them to run faster. Keke Rosberg later explained that "the water tank [...] was the one that gave us at least a theoretical chance to compete with the turbos." In other regulation changes, the minimum weight of the cars was reduced from 585 kg (1,290 lb) to 580 kg (1,280 lb). A new "driver survival cell" cockpit protection was made mandatory as well.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
Four companies, Goodyear, Michelin, Pirelli, and Avon, supplied tyres, including special qualifying tyres with an increased grip level. These qualifying tyres had originally been banned in 1980, but had since been reallowed. For the first time the number of tyres permitted for qualification was limited to two sets per session, creating a situation which Villeneuve thought "...unnecessarily dangerous. If I have only two chances to set a time, I need a clear track, OK?


1982 Formula One World Championship, Background, Regulation changes and technological development, Technology
If it isn't clear, if there's someone in my way, I just have to hope he's looking in his mirrors – I mean, I can't lift, because this is my last chance." The necessity of having a clear track to make the most of the short-lasting qualifying tyres led to drivers taking risks, further increasing the danger.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Pre-season
The week before the first Grand Prix weekend of the season in South Africa, teams gathered for a test session which was conducted at the Kyalami circuit. Prost set the fastest time during testing, at 1:05.71, almost eight seconds quicker than the previous track record. Surer, driving for the Arrows team, broke his feet in an accident and had to be replaced by Tambay. Mass also crashed in his March 821, but escaped uninjured. Ferrari did not have their new car, the 126C2, ready for testing and ran an updated version of their 1981 vehicle, the 126CK, instead. The Brabham team were satisfied with the progress of their new BT50 with the turbocharged BMW engine.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
Before the start of the season, all drivers had received a letter from FISA, containing an application form for a new Super Licence. This new document stated that drivers would not be allowed to switch teams freely during the course of the season, with their licence being withdrawn should they do so. Additionally, the document forbade drivers from actions "which might harm the moral or material interests" of Formula One. The returning Lauda was displeased by this and communicated with Pironi, head of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association (GPDA). They contacted other drivers and ultimately, six drivers refused to sign the document, those being Lauda, Pironi, Villeneuve, Arnoux, Bruno Giacomelli and Andrea de Cesaris.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
On the Wednesday between testing and the first practice session of the South African Grand Prix, during a meeting of the Formula One Commission, Pironi, on behalf of the drivers, objected to the licence application. Balestre reacted strongly, excluding all drivers who had not signed from the following day's practice session. The drivers, almost all of them and not just the ones who had refused to sign, in turn reacted by going on strike the next day, boarding a bus to a nearby hotel.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
The conflict continued until the next day, the Friday before the race was set to take place. It was partially resolved shortly before noon that day, with the drivers receiving half-hearted assurances towards their demands. They would ultimately be fined $5,000 each for the strike, with the new Super Licence being scrapped. Following the events in South Africa, the GPDA disbanded at a driver meeting in Paris, being replaced by the Professional Racing Drivers' Association (PRDA).


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
When qualifying finally commenced, Arnoux took pole position from Piquet, with Villeneuve and Patrese on the second row of the grid. At the start, Arnoux led while Piquet did not get away well and was overtaken by several cars, including Prost, who jumped from fifth to second. Piquet and Villeneuve retired early, while Prost took the lead from his teammate Arnoux on lap 14. He would lead until lap 41, when he punctured his left rear tyre, forcing him to come into the pitlane for new tyres.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
He emerged in eighth place, but with this fresh set, Prost was the quickest driver on the course, allowing him to overtake relatively easily. On lap 68, he once again took the leading position from Arnoux and went on to win the race. Reutemann also overtook Arnoux late in the race and finished second, with Lauda in fourth place on his return to Formula One racing.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
The teams then travelled to Brazil for the second round. Brabham abandoned their turbo-charged BT50 for the time being on grounds of its unreliability, reverting to an updated BT49D for this race, powered by the Cosworth DFV engine. The cars once again proved just how quick they had become, when Prost qualified on pole position 6.27 seconds faster than Piquet had done the year before. Villeneuve was second on the grid and went into the lead at the start, followed by Rosberg, with the two Renault drivers behind.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
Rosberg fell behind the Renaults on the first lap and was overtaken by Patrese on lap three and by Piquet two laps later. Villeneuve led until lap 30, when he spun out. This allowed Piquet into the lead, closely followed by Rosberg, with the two having battled for position during the preceding laps. The order remained to the finish, with Piquet winning from Rosberg, Prost, Watson and Mansell.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
The heavy strain posed onto the drivers by the bumpy circuit and hot, humid weather was showcased not only by Patrese retiring on lap 34 due to exhaustion, but also when Piquet fainted on the winners' rostrum. Following the race, both Ferrari and Renault protested the first- and second-place finishes of Piquet and Rosberg, citing the water tanks used by Brabham and Williams to be illegal. The case was taken to FISA in Paris, with no outcome until after the next race.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
The third race of the season took place at the street circuit in Long Beach. During Saturday's qualifying, Lauda did just one run of a few laps, setting a fast time that put him on top of the leaderboard. In the closing seconds of the session, de Cesaris bettered Lauda's time, clinching pole position for Alfa Romeo. De Cesaris had been ousted by McLaren for Lauda over the winter and was moved to tears by his accomplishment.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
De Cesaris led from the start, while Lauda was overtaken by Arnoux for second place. On lap six, Giacomelli, running fourth, tried to outbrake Lauda and in the process hit Arnoux, forcing both to retire. This allowed Villeneuve into third place, ahead of Watson. Pironi and Prost both retired after hitting the wall on laps seven and eleven respectively. On lap 15, Lauda took advantage of de Cesaris missing a gear change and moved into the lead, immediately beginning to pull away. Rosberg overtook Villeneuve for third on lap 21.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Opening rounds
This turned into second place on lap 34, when de Cesaris crashed into the wall after his engine had failed. The order remained until the chequered flag, with Lauda winning in only his third Grand Prix back in the sport. Villeneuve was later excluded from the results in Long Beach, following a protest by Ken Tyrrell over Ferrari's use of a double rear wing.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
In the week before the next round, the San Marino Grand Prix, the FIA International Court of Appeal sided with Ferrari and Renault on their complaint over the water tanks at the race in Brazil and disqualified Piquet and Rosberg, handing victory to Prost. It was further decided that the cars would now be weighed after the race in the condition in which they had finished, eliminating the Cosworth-powered teams' use of water tanks to increase their performance.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
All other runners' results from the Brazilian Grand Prix were upheld, including Watson's, who inherited second place even though his use of the water tanks had been as illegal as the others. The FOCA teams requested a postponement of the next race until July to allow consideration of the effects of the court's judgement, on the grounds that it changed the regulations of the sport. The race organisers refused to delay the race, which went ahead without the majority of the FOCA teams. At this stage in the championship, Prost led with 18 points, six ahead of Lauda, with Rosberg and Watson sharing third position on eight points.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
With the FOCA teams boycotting the race, the San Marino Grand Prix was run with just 14 cars present. The turbocharged Renaults and Ferraris were heavily favoured and Arnoux duly took pole position ahead of Prost, with Villeneuve and Pironi on the second row. Due to the fast nature of the Imola track, Ferrari team boss Mauro Forghieri told his drivers to save fuel. Arnoux led from the start while Prost lost two positions to the Ferrari drivers on the first lap. He eventually retired on lap seven.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
After some changes of position with Villeneuve and Pironi, Arnoux pulled away, but retired as well after 44 laps when his engine expired. This left only the Ferrari drivers in a position to win the Grand Prix. Their team held out "slow" signs from the pit wall, urging them to conserve fuel. Villeneuve, who led, understood this to mean that the cars were to finish in the current order. Pironi appeared to disregard the signals from the pitwall and took the lead on lap 46.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
He then sped up, pulling Villeneuve with him, who retook the lead again on lap 49. They changed position three more times; as Villeneuve slowed down each time he took the lead, Pironi would overtake him again. Eventually, Pironi won the race and Villeneuve was furious at his teammate for allegedly not following team orders. After the race, he said: "People seem to think we had the battle of our lives! [ ...] I was coasting those last 15 laps." Pironi said that "The 'slow' sign means only to use your head [... not that] if you think you can win, don't do it." In an interview the following week, Villeneuve said that he would never speak to Pironi again.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
"I've declared war. Absolute war. Finishing second is one thing – I'd have been mad at myself for not being quick enough if he'd beaten me. But finishing second because the bastard steals it..." Gilles Villeneuve describing his relationship with teammate Didier Pironi after the San Marino Grand Prix.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
Two weeks later, the paddock moved to Zolder for the Belgian Grand Prix. In qualifying, Villeneuve went out onto the track on his second set of fast tyres, which were already used and had only one more fast lap to go before their performance became compromised. On his flying lap, he failed to better the time of teammate Pironi, but instead of slowing down, as drivers usually did on laps at the end of which they were supposed to head back to the pits, Villeneuve continued to drive fast.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
It has been speculated that he was determined to beat Pironi's time due to the animosity between the two. It is unclear if this is true, with Forghieri claiming that Villeneuve had indeed planned to return to the pitlane. In any event, Villeneuve caught Jochen Mass travelling much more slowly through a left-handed bend and moved to the right to pass him at the same instant that Mass also moved right to let Villeneuve through on the racing line. The two collided and Villeneuve was thrown out of his disintegrating car. He died of a fractured neck in a local hospital at 9:12 that evening.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
Ferrari withdrew from the race, which Watson won for McLaren. His teammate Lauda, who had finished third behind Rosberg, was disqualified after the race for an underweight car. The results were dominated by the returning FOCA teams; even the only turbo-engined finisher, Piquet, was one of them, after Brabham reintroduced the BMW-powered BT50 for this race.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
Motorsport journalist Nigel Roebuck stated that the next race, the Monaco Grand Prix, "was a sombre, edgy place [...] the sense of [Villeneuve's] absence was overwhelming"; the Canadian had lived in the principality and had won the previous year's race. Ferrari chose to only run one car, not replacing Villeneuve for the time being. In the race itself, Arnoux led early on from pole position before spinning off, handing the lead to his Renault teammate Prost. The latter in turn built up a massive lead, but a light rain shower in the closing laps triggered a chaotic finish.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, First European rounds
Prost crashed out, handing the lead to Patrese, still running the Cosworth-powered Brabham BT49D. Patrese spun on the penultimate lap and stalled, allowing Pironi into the lead, followed by de Cesaris. On the final lap, Pironi, de Cesaris, and Daly all retired because they ran out of fuel while in potential race winning positions. Meanwhile, Patrese bump-started his car by coasting down a hill, completed the final two laps, and took his first career victory. Pironi was classified second, despite running out of fuel and stopping on the last lap. After the race, Prost, who had scored no points since the Brazilian Grand Prix in March, led the championship by one point from Watson and two points from Pironi.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, North American rounds
The next race was the inaugural Detroit Grand Prix, which was marred by lack of track preparation, delaying the practice session on a circuit that had never hosted a motor race before. During the shortened qualifying session, Prost took pole position ahead of de Cesaris, with Rosberg in third. The big surprise of the day was defending World Champion Piquet, who failed to qualify as his Brabham BT50 had engine problems and the spare car was not performing well either.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, North American rounds
In the race, Prost led comfortably until an accident between Roberto Guerrero, Elio de Angelis and Patrese led to the race being suspended. De Cesaris had retired at this point and at the restart, Prost led Rosberg and Pironi. A problem with the fuel injection slowed Prost down, handing the lead to Rosberg. Watson, who qualified 17th on the grid, got his Michelin tyres working well on the Detroit circuit and overtook one driver after another until, on lap 37, he went into the lead, as Rosberg had gearbox issues. Watson won the race from Eddie Cheever and Pironi, taking the lead in the World Championship.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, North American rounds
Tragedy struck again at the Canadian Grand Prix. Pironi qualified on pole, but stalled at the start. His stationary car was hit by the Osella of young Italian Riccardo Paletti, who was competing in only his second race in Formula One. Paletti suffered severe internal injuries and his car caught fire while the track marshals tried to extract him from his vehicle. He was pronounced dead upon arrival in the hospital. The race was restarted and won by Piquet in the BMW-powered Brabham ahead of teammate Patrese, still in the Cosworth-powered BT49D.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, North American rounds
It would be the last one-two finish for the Brabham team in their Formula One history. Watson finished third to consolidate his lead in the championship. After the Canadian round, Watson was on 30 points, ten ahead of Pironi, followed by Patrese on 19, Prost with 18 and Rosberg with 17 points.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
At the Dutch Grand Prix, Ferrari introduced Patrick Tambay as a replacement for Villeneuve. The Renault drivers once more locked out the front row, Arnoux ahead of Prost. The latter took the lead at the start, followed by Arnoux and Pironi. On lap two, Pironi overtook Arnoux and three laps later moved ahead of Prost into the lead. While Prost retired with an engine failure, Arnoux was lucky to survive a heavy accident on lap 22 at Tarzan corner. His left front wheel broke off as he approached the corner, sending his car into the tyre wall. Pironi won the race without serious competition, ahead of Piquet and Rosberg.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
For the next race at Brands Hatch, the British Grand Prix, Brabham had devised what they referred to as "The Ploy". Inspired by Prost's comeback drive at the season opener at Kyalami, the team planned to send out their cars with tanks only half full and softer, and therefore faster, tyres. A pit stop midway through the race was supposed to refuel the car and change tyres, giving the Brabham drivers the advantage to be able to lap quicker than everybody else and gain enough of a lead to win. On top of that, both drivers were now running the BMW-powered BT50 chassis.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
In qualifying, Rosberg surprised by taking only the second, and last, non-turbocharged pole position of the season. At the start of the warm-up lap, a fuel pressure issue led to his car being stationary on the grid while the other cars got underway. His mechanics helped him to a push start, but he did not reach the field in time and had to start the race last. This handed the front starting spot to Patrese, but he stalled. Both Arnoux and Fabi ran into him, taking all three out on the spot.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
Piquet as the only remaining Brabham left led from Lauda, but "The Ploy" was not to be executed, as Piquet retired with fuel injection problems on lap ten. This left Lauda to take his second victory of the season, followed by Pironi and Tambay. Pironi took over the lead of the championship, now five points ahead of Watson.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
The Renaults were dominant at their home race, the French Grand Prix at Circuit Paul Ricard. Arnoux qualified ahead of Prost, and with Prost being better positioned in the championship, the team decided that if the cars should run first and second, he should win. Arnoux did not honour the agreement and took the victory ahead of his teammate, much to Prost's dismay. Another heavy accident marred the race, as Mass ran into the back of Mauro Baldi at Signes corner. As Mass's car slid towards the barrier, it was catapulted into the grandstands full of spectators. Although several people had minor injures, the accident did not result in any fatalities or serious injuries. At this stage, Pironi led the championship by nine points ahead of Watson and was seen as the likely favourite to win the title.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
At the following event, the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim, Pironi qualified on pole position, but collided with Prost's Renault in wet conditions later in the session. Pironi's car was thrown into the air and though he survived the impact, he suffered severe leg injuries and would never compete in Formula One again. The race took place with the first slot on the grid vacant. Brabham were again attempting to employ the strategy of having their cars refuel and change tyres halfway through the race.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
Piquet led comfortably when he collided with Salazar while trying to lap him, leading Piquet to furiously hit and kick his competitor after he got out of the car. Tambay went on to win the race for Ferrari, his first victory in a Grand Prix, ahead of Arnoux and Rosberg, who was now third in the championship.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
At the Austrian Grand Prix on the Österreichring, most turbocharged runners retired early, leaving Prost in the lead, only to retire with fuel injection issues five laps from the finish. This left de Angelis and Rosberg to fight out the race victory, with de Angelis reaching the finish line 0.050 seconds ahead to win his first ever Grand Prix. The Grand Prix also saw the Brabham drivers make it to their mid-race pit stops for the first time, only for both to retire later on.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
Rosberg in turn achieved his maiden victory at the next race, the Swiss Grand Prix, held at the Dijon-Prenois circuit and scheduled for 80 laps. The Renaults of Prost and Arnoux had qualified on the front row. Rosberg, consistently lapping quicker than all other drivers, was held up by de Cesaris, but eventually found a way past him. He overtook Arnoux on lap 73 and Prost on lap 78 to take the lead and the race victory. In doing so, he also took the lead in the championship.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Back to Europe
At the Italian Grand Prix, Mario Andretti returned to take over the seat at Ferrari left vacant by Pironi and qualified in pole position. The race was won by Arnoux, leading home the Ferraris of Tambay and Andretti. Rosberg did not score points, having finished eighth. Watson meanwhile took three points for fourth place, leaving him with a mathematical chance of winning the title; this would require him to win the last race of the season with Rosberg failing to score.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Last round and title decision
"To be honest, I've hated every second of this season. There's something very wrong when the chequered flag comes down, and all you feel is relief that another race weekend is out of the way without someone getting killed. "FISA circuit inspector Derek Ongaro speaking about the 1982 season.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Championship, Last round and title decision
At the last race of the season, the Caesars Palace Grand Prix in Las Vegas, Prost took pole position ahead of Arnoux. The race was held in 98.8 °F (37.1 °C) degree weather during a particularly hot time of year in Las Vegas. While Arnoux retired from the race itself, Prost was hampered by blistering tyres to finish fourth. Michele Alboreto took a surprising victory for Tyrrell. Watson finished second, meaning that Rosberg's fifth-place finish was enough to secure the title. He became the first driver since Mike Hawthorn in 1958 to clinch the championship having won just one Grand Prix.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Season report, Post-season
The 1982 season was the last for Lotus team owner Colin Chapman, who passed away on 16 December 1982 having suffered a heart attack. Following "a season touched by tragedy, clouded in controversy and enveloped in excitement", FISA announced that the "ground effect" would be banned for 1983 to make the cars safer. Overall, the 1982 season saw 11 different winners in 16 races, with no driver scoring more than two victories. This included nine different winners in the same number of consecutive races. Five drivers scored their first ever Grand Prix victory: Patrese, Tambay, de Angelis, Rosberg, and Alboreto.


1982 Formula One World Championship, Results and standings, Scoring system
Points were awarded to the top six classified finishers. The best eleven results from all the races counted towards the Drivers' Championship.


1982 Fort Lauderdale Strikers season
The 1982 Fort Lauderdale Strikers season was the sixth season of the Fort Lauderdale Striker's team, and the club's sixteenth season in professional soccer. This year the team made it to semifinals of the North American Soccer League playoffs.


1982 Fort Lauderdale Strikers season, Competitions, Sunshine International Series
The Sunshine International Series was the first international competition to use the NASL's point system to determine the standings. As such, teams were awarded six points for wins in regulation or overtime, four points for a shoot–out win, and up to three bonus points for each goal scored in regulation. All four teams faced one another with Fort Lauderdale hosting games on July 24 and 28. On the final day of the competition a double header was played at Tampa Stadium with all four teams in action, followed by a concert featuring country-pop crossover singer, Crystal Gayle. São Paulo FC won the series with a perfect record. The Strikers netted four goals and won one match, finishing third.


1982 Fort Lauderdale Strikers season, Competitions, NASL regular season
Regular seasonW = Wins, L = Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PT= point system


1982 Fort Lauderdale Strikers season, Competitions, NASL regular season
6 points for a win in regulation and overtime, 4 point for a shootout win,0 points for a loss,1 bonus point for each regulation goal scored, up to three per game.


1982 Fort Lauderdale Strikers season, Competitions, NASL Playoffs, Quarterfinals
*Montreal Manic hosted Game 1 (instead of Game 2) due to stadium conflicts with the Expos baseball club.


1982 French Grand Prix
The 1982 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Paul Ricard on 25 July 1982. It was the eleventh race of the 1982 Formula One World Championship.


1982 French Grand Prix
The 54-lap race was won from pole position by René Arnoux, driving a Renault. The turbocharged Renaults, Ferraris and Brabham-BMWs took up the first six grid positions, and Arnoux led home a French 1–2–3–4, with teammate Alain Prost second and the Ferraris of Didier Pironi and Patrick Tambay third and fourth respectively. However, Arnoux achieved his win in sour circumstances: he violated a pre-race agreement that if he and Prost were running first and second respectively, he would let Prost past to aid his Drivers' Championship hopes. Arnoux would leave Renault at the end of the year.


1982 French Grand Prix
The top six was completed by Keke Rosberg in the Williams-Ford and Michele Alboreto in the Tyrrell-Ford. Pironi's third place enabled him to extend his lead in the Drivers' Championship to nine points, though this would turn out to be his last finish before his career-ending accident at the next race in Germany.


1982 French Grand Prix
The eleventh lap of this race saw a big accident when Jochen Mass's March and Mauro Baldi's Arrows collided at Signes. Mass's car went through the catch fencing into the tyre walls, then catapulted into a spectator area and caught fire. Mass escaped with burns on his hands, while several spectators were injured. The West German driver retired from Formula One immediately after this race.


1982 French Open
The 1982 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 24 May until 6 June. It was the 86th staging of the French Open, and the first Grand Slam tennis event of 1982.


1982 French Open, Finals, Men's doubles
Sherwood Stewart /  Ferdi Taygan defeated  Hans Gildemeister /  Belus Prajoux, 7–5, 6–3, 1–1, retired


1982 French Open, Finals, Women's doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Anne Smith defeated  Rosemary Casals /  Wendy Turnbull, 6–3, 6–4


1982 French Open, Finals, Mixed doubles
Wendy Turnbull /  John Lloyd defeated  Cláudia Monteiro /  Cássio Motta, 6–2, 7–6


1982 French Open – Men's Doubles
The Men's Doubles tournament at the 1982 French Open was held from 24 May until 6 June 1982 on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. Sherwood Stewart and Ferdi Taygan won the title, defeating Hans Gildemeister and Belus Prajoux in the final.


1982 French Open – Men's Singles
Unseeded Mats Wilander (ranked no. 18) defeated Guillermo Vilas 1–6, 7–6(8–6), 6–0, 6–4 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1982 French Open. Wilander won the 1981 French Open boy's title one year earlier. This was Wilander's first ATP tour level title, the next time that a man would score his first tour win at a Grand Slam event would not come until Gustavo Kuerten in 1997 and the next time that a man would win on a first attempt until Rafael Nadal in 2005.


1982 French Open – Men's Singles
Björn Borg was the four-time defending champion but chose not to participate after the Men's Tennis Council ruled he had not played enough tournaments and would have to qualify. World number one John McEnroe withdrew with an ankle injury.


1982 French Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Mats Wilander is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1982 French Open – Mixed Doubles
The Mixed Doubles tournament at the 1982 French Open was held from 24 May until 6 June 1982 on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. John Lloyd and Wendy Turnbull won the title, defeating Cássio Motta and Cláudia Monteiro in the final.


1982 French Open – Women's Doubles
Rosalyn Fairbank and Tanya Harford were the defending champions, but lost in the third round to Mary-Lou Piatek and Sharon Walsh.


1982 French Open – Women's Doubles
Martina Navratilova and Anne Smith won the title, defeating Rosemary Casals and Wendy Turnbull in the final 6–3, 6–4.


1982 French Open – Women's Singles
Martina Navratilova defeated Andrea Jaeger 7–6(8–6), 6–1 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1982 French Open. Hana Mandlíková was the defending champion but was defeated by Martina Navratilova in the semifinals.


1982 French Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Martina Navratilova is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1982 French Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual French Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held in the week before the event.


1982 French Polynesian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in French Polynesia on 23 May 1982 for the Territorial Assembly. Following the elections, a government was formed by Tahoera'a Huiraatira and Aia Api, who had won 16 of the 30 seats in the Assembly.


1982 French Polynesian legislative election, Campaign
A total of 398 candidates contested the elections representing around 30 parties and lists, of which fewer than 20 were women.


1982 French Polynesian legislative election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the Assembly elected members of the Government Council.


1982 French Polynesian legislative election, Aftermath
As members of the Government Council could not serve in the Assembly, several new members entered the Assembly as replacements: Ernest Teinauri of Tahoera'a Huiraatira replaced Jacques Teheiura; Franklin Brotherson, Roger Doom and Albert Taruoura of Tahoera'a Huiraatira replaced Gaston Flosse, Alexandre Léontieff and Charles Tetaria, while Terii Sanford of Aia Api replaced Sylvain Millaud. Sanford was also later elected the council and replaced by Yves Thunot.


1982 French Polynesian legislative election, Aftermath
John Teariki died in 1983, he was replaced by Jean-Baptiste Trouillet.


1982 French cantonal elections
Cantonale elections to renew canton general councillors were held in France on 14 and 21 March 1982. The left, in power since 1981, lost 8 and 98 seats to the right, which controlled 59 presidencies out of 95. The Socialists only lost 10 seats, but the Communists lost 45.


1982 French cantonal elections, Electoral system
The cantonales elections use the same system as the regional or legislative elections. There is a 10% threshold (10% of registered voters) needed to proceed to the second round.


1982 French cantonal elections, Sources
Alain Lancelot, Les élections sous la Ve République, PUF, Paris, 1988


1982 French motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1982 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 1982 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 7–9 May 1982 at the Circuit de Nogaro.


1982 French motorcycle Grand Prix
The race was controversial, because the major factory teams (Yamaha, Honda and Suzuki), which included top riders like Kenny Roberts, Barry Sheene, Freddie Spencer, Franco Uncini and Takazumi Katayama, largely or completely boycotted the event due to the dangerous track conditions. Some private drivers also boycotted the race, which led to the venue never reappearing on the calendar ever since.


1982 French motorcycle Grand Prix
Gina Bovaird, who took advantage of the major factory team's boycott to qualify for the race, remains the only female rider to ever start a race in the 500cc/MotoGP class.


1982 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1982 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented California State University, Fresno during the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association. The team was led by head coach Jim Sweeney, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bulldog Stadium in Fresno, California. They finished the 1982 season as champions of the PCAA with a record of ten wins and one loss (10–1, 6–0 PCAA).


1982 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
Fresno State earned their first Division I-A postseason bowl game after the 1982 season. They played the Bowling Green Falcons in the  second annual California Bowl in their own stadium on December 18. The Bulldogs beat Bowling Green 29–28.


1982 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL
The following finished their college career in 1982, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1982 Furman Paladins football team
The 1982 Furman Paladins football team represented the Furman Paladins of Furman University during the 1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The team won the Southern Conference championship.


1982 GP Ouest–France
The 1982 GP Ouest-France was the 46th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 30 August 1982. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Francis Castaing of the Peugeot team.


1982 Galerie Dominique Artists season
The 1982 Galerie Dominique Artists season was the eighth season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Known as Mariwasa-Honda TMXers in the Reinforced Filipino Conference.


1982 Galerie Dominique Artists season, Summary
Mariwasa-Honda won their first two games of the season, returning import James Robinson scored 34 points as Mariwasa-Honda pulled an opening day upset win against last year’s losing finalists U/Tex Wranglers, 97-95. The TMXers scored another surprise win in their next outing against Toyota, 116-100. Mariwasa-Honda lost a chance to forge a tie with U/Tex Wranglers for the last quarterfinals berth when they bowed to Gilbey's Gin, 116-122, on the final playing date of the elimination phase on June 8.


1982 Galerie Dominique Artists season, Summary
The team change its name to Galerie Dominique in the Open Conference. The Artists scored their first win after four losses on September 12, defeating the Crispa Redmanizers, 114-107, with new import 6-9 Micah Blunt replacing the injured James Robinson. Blunt team up with Kenny Barnes for the rest of the conference. The Artists won only three out of 18 games in the eliminations and ended up last.


1982 Gambian general election
General elections were held in the Gambia on 4 and 5 May 1982. Following a constitutional amendment in March 1982, for the first time the president was elected by a popular vote alongside the National Assembly. Both elections were won by the People's Progressive Party, whose leader Dawda Jawara remained president.


1982 Garuda Fokker F28 crash
The 1982 Garuda Fokker F28 crash occurred on March 20, 1982, when a Fokker F28, operated by Garuda Indonesia, overran the runway at Tanjung Karang-Branti Airport (Lampung) in the province of Lampung, Indonesia, during very heavy rain. The aircraft had completed a  scheduled flight from Jakarta to Lampung. The aircraft came to rest 700 m (2,300 ft) from the runway in a field, with the aircraft catching fire. All onboard died.


1982 Gator Bowl
The 1982 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 30, 1982, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The game pitted the Florida State Seminoles and the West Virginia Mountaineers.


1982 Gator Bowl, Background
West Virginia won their first three games (including a win against #9 Oklahoma) to be ranked at #14 heading into their rivalry game against #2 Pittsburgh. A close 16–13 loss made them fall to #16, but they rebounded with two straight victories to get to #13 heading into a home game versus #9 Penn State. A 24–0 loss to the eventual champion was their last loss of the regular season as they won the next four straight games to be invited to their second straight bowl game.


1982 Gator Bowl, Background
Florida State won seven straight games after starting the season 1–1 (with a loss to #2 Pittsburgh), rising to #7 heading into a non-conference matchup with #12 Louisiana State University. A 55–21 loss made them fall out of the polls, and they finished the season with a 13–10 loss to Florida. However, they were invited to the Gator Bowl, their first invite since 1967.


1982 Gator Bowl, Game summary
Greg Allen rushed for 138 yards on 15 carries while Paul Woodside kicked two field goals.


1982 Gator Bowl, Aftermath
The Mountaineers went to five more bowl games in the decade, including another Gator Bowl in 1989. They have returned five more times, though they've won only once, in 2007. Florida State has gone to a bowl game in every season since 1982, including four Gator Bowls, the latter being Bowden's last game.


1982 Gay Games
The 1982 Gay Games (Gay Games I) were held in San Francisco, California, United States from August 28 – September 5, 1982. They were the very first Gay Games, an event officially conceived by Tom Waddell, an athlete and activist, along with the help of many others. The event's goal was to promote the acceptance and inclusion of gay, lesbian and transgender athletes in the athletic world and celebrate their abilities and achievements. A total of 1,350 competitors from over 170 cities globally participated in the first Gay Games and the 9 day event attracted an estimated 10,000 people.


1982 Gay Games
Parallel to the Olympics, a torch was carried from New York, at the site of the Stonewall riots, all the way to Kezar Stadium where the opening and closing ceremonies were held. Other events took place in different surrounding areas as participants from around the world competed in various events such as swimming, track, and field, basketball, boxing, golf and more. The event also featured a performance by Tina Turner during the opening ceremony, and Stephanie Mills during the closing ceremony along with San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Marching Band and Twirling Corps and Meg Christian singing a "Gay Anthem". Congressman Philip Burton also spoke at the event during the closing ceremony.


1982 Gay Games, Origin
The idea for the Games first came from Tom Waddell after he watched a gay men's bowling tournament on television. He felt that too often the Gay Rights Movement was dominated by stereotypes, and people’s perception of the movement only included young, white men and excluded any other types of people in the LGBT+ community. He wanted to emphasized that gay men and women were men and women first before they were gay, and felt that the gay men's bowling tournament was helping to accomplish that by focusing on the talent of the bowlers without erasing and forcing them to hide their sexuality.


1982 Gay Games, Origin
Waddell and his friend Mark Brown then came up with the idea to have a tournament based on the ancient Olympics that showcased many athletic talents and would include anyone despite their age, race, gender, sexual-orientation or ability. Joined by another friend named Paul Mart, Waddell and Brown created the Gay Olympic Committee on June 15, 1980, which expanded into the San Francisco Art & Athletics (SFAA) Committee.


1982 Gay Games, Fundraising
The SFAA developed an approach to fundraising based on the classes Tom Waddell took that emphasized asking for money and then "keeping your mouth shut". The theory here was that a prospective donor would be given the chance to speak they will be more likely to give, whereas if the sales person is the only one speaking the donor won't give. They found this "pitch and wait" method to be particularly helpful as they canvased different gay people and groups to donate to the event.


1982 Gay Games, Fundraising
Despite many people's concerns and the general reluctance of many to support the Games, the SFAA was able to break even, costing $380,000 and bringing in $395,000, encouraging the SFAA and Waddell to continue the Games again in 1986.


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Lawsuit over 'Gay Olympics' name
Dr. Tom Waddell, the former Olympian who helped found the games, intended them to be called the "Gay Olympics", but a lawsuit filed less than three weeks before 1982's inaugural Gay Olympics forced the name change.


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Lawsuit over 'Gay Olympics' name
Event organizers were sued by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) under the U.S. Amateur Sports Act of 1978, which gave the USOC exclusive rights to the word Olympic in the United States. Defendants of the lawsuit contended that the law was capriciously applied and that if the Special Olympics were not similarly prohibited, the Gay Olympics should not be either.


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Lawsuit over 'Gay Olympics' name
Others, like Daniel Bell, cite the IOC's long history of protecting the Olympics brand as evidence that the lawsuit against the "Gay Olympics" was not motivated by discrimination against gays. Since 1910 the IOC has taken action, including lawsuits and expulsion from the IOC, to stop certain organizations from using the word "Olympics." Annual "California Police Olympics" were held for 22 years, from 1967 through 1989, after which, the word Olympics was no longer used for the event. The Supreme Court ruled for the USOC in San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee.


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Lawsuit over 'Gay Olympics' name
A 2009 documentary film, Claiming the Title: Gay Olympics on Trial, was created in the United States and was previewed at several film festivals. The subject was also included in a 2005 film by David Sector, Take the Flame! Gay Games: Grace Grit & Glory.


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Lawsuit over 'Gay Olympics' name
In the years since the lawsuit, the Olympics and the Gay Games have set aside their initial hostilities and worked cooperatively, successfully lobbying to have HIV travel restrictions waived for the 1994 Gay Games in New York and the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Olympia film screening
Tom Waddell planned to screen the 1938 Nazi propaganda film Olympia due to the film's 'artistic beauty'. He was quoted saying that he chose the film "not for its minimal political content" but because it was a "paean to the human body and to sports", arguing that the director Leni Riefenstahl was able to capture "will an strength."


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Olympia film screening
Waddell acknowledged the film's blatant use by Adolf Hitler as Nazi propaganda, but argued that viewers should be able to see it as both an example of what the Olympics should and should not be, calling it the best Olympic film that was out yet in terms of quality despite the clear pro-Nazi messaging.


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Olympia film screening
This caused an issue among many gay and lesbian Jewish people who passed around leaflets that denounced the film as Nazi propaganda and demanded the SFAA to cancel the screening. Others personally attacked Waddell, accusing him of being obsessed with a fascist view of the white male body and being involved in the Nazi party, and were appalled that the SFAA would try to make money using a Nazi propaganda film. Waddell responded by canceling the screening, knowing that without the support of the gay and lesbian Jewish community the SFAA could not succeed. He later complained to a journalist that he was "yielding to the same kind of censorship the Nazis themselves practiced".


1982 Gay Games, Controversies, Olympia film screening
The connection to this film's ideals and the accusation that Waddell, and the Games by proxy, were showcasing and celebrating only one specific view of the white male body continued to follow the Games into the future despite the original intention to welcome everyone and move away from centering young, white male bodies in the Gay Rights Movement.


1982 Geneva Open
The 1982 Geneva Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix. It was played at Geneva in Switzerland and was held from 20 September until 26 September 1982. Second-seeded Mats Wilander on the singles title.


1982 Geneva Open, Finals, Doubles
Pavel Složil /  Tomáš Šmíd defeated  Carl Limberger /  Mike Myburg 6–4, 6–0


1982 Geneva Open – Doubles
Heinz Günthardt and Balázs Taróczy were the defending champions, but lost in the first round this year.


1982 Geneva Open – Doubles
Pavel Složil and Tomáš Šmíd won the title, defeating Carl Limberger and Mike Myburg 6–4, 6–0 in the final.


1982 Geneva Open – Singles
Björn Borg was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.


1982 Geneva Open – Singles
Mats Wilander won the title, defeating Tomáš Šmíd 7–5, 4–6, 6–4 in the final.


1982 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1982 Gent–Wevelgem was the 44th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 7 April 1982. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Frank Hoste of the TI–Raleigh team.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia during the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season. The offense scored 338 points while the defense allowed 160 points. Led by head coach Vince Dooley, the top ranked Bulldogs lost to number two Penn State 23-27 in the Sugar Bowl.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Before the season
With the season opener against defending national champion Clemson looming, the University of Georgia received bad news when Herschel Walker suffered a fractured right thumb in practice on August 21, 1982. He was expected to be out of action for 3–6 weeks.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Clemson
When the two teams met on September 6, Herschel Walker wore a bulky, padded cast on his right thumb. In this tight game, Walker was used primarily as a decoy as he rushed 11 times for 20 yards. The Georgia defense made up for its injured star by shutting down Clemson, limiting the Tigers to 249 total yards of offense as the Bulldogs prevailed, 13–7.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Season summary, BYU
Georgia next faced a tough test in Brigham Young at home on September 9. BYU's Tom Holmoe returned an interception 83 yards for a touchdown which tied the score at 7–7 at the half. BYU threw 5 interceptions and had two missed field goals in the first half. BYU's Steve Young connected with Scott Collie on a 21-yard touchdown pass in the 3rd quarter to give Brigham Young a 14–7 lead going into the final period. However, Walker rallied the Bulldogs as he led them on two scoring drives that gave Georgia the win, 17–14.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Season summary, BYU
He scored on a 1-yard touchdown run late to tie the game. Later still, Walker converted on a huge fourth-and-1 that enabled Georgia kicker Kevin Butler to make a 44-yard field goal in the game's closing seconds. Walker's game-winning drive of 40 yards to set up Butler's kick covered three minutes in all, and was keyed by his 23-yard breakaway run. Walker, coming back from the thumb injury, rushed 31 times for 124 yards against the Cougars.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Season summary, South Carolina
After the tough win against BYU, the Bulldogs won out to finish the regular season. After getting past South Carolina 34–18 on September 25, Georgia rolled during the month of October. Walker's performance against the Gamecocks was modest by his standards (32 rushes, 143 yards, and 1 touchdown), but he ran hard while still wearing his cast.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Mississippi State
In October, Georgia faced Mississippi State, Ole Miss, Vanderbilt, Kentucky, and Memphis State. The Bulldogs slipped past Mississippi St., 29–22, as Walker rushed 39 times for 215 yards and a touchdown.


1982 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Season summary, Ole Miss
Next, Georgia overwhelmed Ole Miss, 33–10, as Walker rushed 24 times for 149 yards and 3 touchdowns.