1982 Barnard Conference on Sexuality, History
The day of the Conference was extremely controversial. The Conference was picketed by the anti-pornography feminist group. WAP members picketed the conference and gave out handouts, leaflets and protests, wearing T-shirts with the words "For a Feminist Sexuality" on the front and "Against S/M" on the back. Accusations about the specific sexual practices of individual women involved in the conference were central to the outcry around the event. The Conference was very publicized in the news afterwards. Many articles and books have been inspired by this conference, the most famous being Carole Vance's Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality. The Lesbian Sex Mafia organized a radical "Speakout on Politically Incorrect Sex" rally at the conference.


1982 Barnet London Borough Council election
The 1982 Barnet Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Barnet London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1982 Barnet London Borough Council election, By-elections between 1982 and 1986, St Paul's
The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. William G. Hart.


1982 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election
Elections to Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council were held on 6 May 1982, with one third of the council up for election with an additional vacancy in Royston. Prior to the election, Labour had gained a seat from Residents in a Dodsworth by-election, with another Residents councillor in Wombwell North defecting to the Labour grouping, offsetting a by-election loss in Penistone East to the recently formed SDP-Liberal Alliance. Alliance had also seen defections to them from the Independent Labour councillor in Hoyland East and the defending (formerly Residents) councillor in Darton.


1982 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election, Ward results
+/- figures represent changes from the last time these wards were contested.


1982 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1982 followed the system in place since 1978. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected two, Hank Aaron and Frank Robinson. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider older major league players as well as managers, umpires, executives, and figures from the Negro leagues. It selected the second Commissioner of Baseball, Happy Chandler, and former New York Giants shortstop Travis Jackson. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on August 1, 1982, with the current Commissioner of Baseball, Bowie Kuhn, presiding.


1982 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1962 or later, but not after 1976; the ballot included candidates from the 1981 ballot who received at least 5% of the vote but were not elected, along with selected players, chosen by a screening committee, whose last appearance was in 1976. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.


1982 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Voters were instructed to cast votes for up to 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. The ballot consisted of 42 players; a total of 415 ballots were cast, with 312 votes required for election. A total of 3,344 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.06 per ballot. Those candidates receiving less than 5% of the vote will not appear on future BBWAA ballots but may eventually be considered by the Veterans Committee.


1982 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Candidates who were eligible for the first time are indicated here with a dagger (†). The two candidates who received at least 75% of the vote and were elected is indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics. The 18 candidates who received less than 5% of the vote, thus becoming ineligible for future BBWAA consideration, are indicated with an asterisk (*).


1982 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The newly-eligible players included 17 All-Stars, two of whom were not included on the ballot, representing a total of 74 All-Star selections. Among the new candidates were 21-time All-Star Hank Aaron, 12-time All-Star Frank Robinson, 11-time All-Star Bill Freehan, 9-time All-Star Tony Oliva and 6-time All-Star Billy Williams. The field included two MVPs (Aaron and Frank Robinson, who won one in each league), and three Rookies of the Year (Oliva, Robinson and Williams).


1982 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Players eligible for the first time who were not included on the ballot were: Dick Bosman, Buddy Bradford, Nate Colbert, Dave Duncan, Alan Foster, Danny Frisella, Ted Kubiak, Bob Moose, Blue Moon Odom, Fritz Peterson, and Ken Sanders.


1982 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, J. G. Taylor Spink Award
Allen Lewis (1916–2003) and Bob Addie (1910–1982) received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring baseball writers. The awards were voted at the December 1981 meeting of the BBWAA, and included in the summer 1982 ceremonies.


1982 Basildon District Council election
The 1982 Basildon District Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Basildon District Council in Essex, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. One third of the council was up for election; the seats of the candidates who finished second in each ward in the all-out election of 1979. The Labour Party gained control of the council, which had previously been under no overall control.


1982 Basque Pelota World Championships
The 1982 Basque Pelota World Championships were the 9th edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships organized by  the FIPV.


1982 Basque Pelota World Championships, Events
A total of 12 events were disputed, in 4 playing areas.


1982 Bass and Golden Leisure Classic
The 1982 Bass and Golden Leisure Classic was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place on 29 May 1982. The tournament was open to professional players who were not ranked in the top sixteen. The competition was held at the Golden Leisure Snooker Centre in Liverpool, was jointly sponsored by Golden Leisure and Bass-Charrington. It featured 22 professional players.


1982 Bass and Golden Leisure Classic
The ten qualifying matches were played under a best-of-three frames format, the last-16, quarter-final and semi-final matches best of five, and the final was best of seven. Rex Williams won the event, beating Ray Edmonds 4–1 in the final. Losing semi-finalists Eugene Hughes and Mike Hallett took part in a playoff match for third place, which Hughes won 2–0, making breaks of 91 and 73.


1982 Bass and Golden Leisure Classic
The event had a total prize fund of £2,150. Williams received £750 as winner, and Edmonds received £400 as runner-up. Hughes received £150, and Hallett got £80. Paul Medati received £100 for compiling the highest break of the event, 97.


1982 Bass and Golden Leisure Classic, Qualifying
Twenty players participated in qualifying for the last-16 stage of the event, to which Williams and Edmonds were already 'seeded'. John Phillips, Jim Donnelly and Tommy Murphy withdrew, so George Scott, Dennis Hughes and Clive Everton received walkovers.


1982 Bath City Council election
The 1982 Bath City Council election was held on Thursday 6 May 1982 to elect councillors to Bath City Council in England. It took place on the same day as other district council elections in the United Kingdom. One third of seats were up for election. Two seats were contested in Lambridge due to an extra vacancy occurring.


1982 Bath City Council election, Ward results
Sitting councillors seeking re-election, elected in 1978, are marked with an asterisk (*). The ward results listed below are based on the changes from the 1980 elections, not taking into account any party defections or by-elections.


1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships
The 1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships was a men's Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament held in Munich, West Germany which was played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 66th edition of the tournament and was held form 17 May through 23 May 1982. Gene Mayer won the singles title.


1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Chip Hooper /  Mel Purcell defeated  Tian Viljoen /  Danie Visser 6–4, 7–6


1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships – Doubles
David Carter and Paul Kronk were the defending champions, but Kronk did not participate this year. Carter partnered Chris Lewis, losing in the first round.


1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships – Doubles
Chip Hooper and Mel Purcell won the title, defeating Tian Viljoen and Danie Visser 6–4, 7–6 in the final.


1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships – Singles
Chris Lewis was the defending champion, but lost in the second round this year.


1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships – Singles
Gene Mayer won the title, defeating Peter Elter 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–1 in the final.


1982 Baylor Bears football team
The 1982 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bears finished the season fifth in the Southwest Conference.


1982 Baylor Bears football team, After the season
The following players were drafted into professional football following the season.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election
The 1982 Beaconsfield by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 May 1982 for the British House of Commons constituency of Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Previous MP
The seat had become vacant on 27 February 1982, when the constituency's Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Sir Ronald Bell, died at the age of 67. He had been Beaconsfield's MP since the constituency was created for the February 1974 general election, having previously been MP for South Buckinghamshire since 1950. Bell had first entered Parliament at the Newport by-election in 1945, but lost that seat two months later at the 1945 general election.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Candidates
The Conservative candidate was Tim Smith, aged 34, who had been the surprise winner of the 1977 Ashfield by-election, where he overturned a Labour Party majority of nearly 23,000 votes. However, he lost the Ashfield seat at the 1979 general election, and was seeking to return to Parliament.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Candidates
The SDP-Liberal Alliance chose 40-year-old Paul Tyler, who had been Liberal Party MP for Bodmin from February 1974 to October 1974.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Candidates
The Labour Party selected as its candidate an unknown and untested 29-year-old barrister called Tony Blair, an aspiring politician who had been advised by Labour MP Tom Pendry to seek the party's nomination to gain political experience.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Candidates
Three other candidates stood, including Tom Keen, from the Campaign for a More Prosperous Britain, who held the record for the most candidacies in a single general election, and 78-year-old by-election veteran Bill Boaks, an eccentric campaigner for road safety, who usually described himself as "Air, Road, Public Safety, White Resident" or "Democratic Monarchist, Public Safety, White Resident". On this occasion, he chose the latter label.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Result
Beaconsfield is one of the safest seats held by the Conservative Party, and a Conservative victory was expected. The real fight was for second place; the Liberal candidate had finished a close third in 1979. Labour fought to remain the main opposition party for the seat.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Result
In the March 1982 Glasgow Hillhead by-election, the SDP's Roy Jenkins won a traditionally Conservative seat for the Alliance, with Labour, previously the main challengers in Hillhead, in third place. With the SDP winning three of four by-elections since its formation in March 1981, The Glasgow Herald speculated that the new party threatened the Conservatives' hold on Beaconsfield. However, in the intervening weeks the Falklands War began.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Result
The 53% turnout was almost 20 percentage points below 1979's, and unusually low for a by-election. Smith held the seat for the Conservatives, with a share of the vote comparable to the general election. The Glasgow Herald's William Russell stated that the outcome "firmly endorsed" the First Thatcher Ministry's conduct of the war. Party chairman Cecil Parkinson claimed that the result was better than he had expected.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Result
Tyler increased the Alliance's share from 17.1% for Liberals in 1979 to 26.8%. Russell agreed with Liberal Whip Alan Beith's claim that the more than 9% increase was much better than expected, writing that "the Alliance bandwagon may have been temporally stalled" during the war, but the result had some positives for the Alliance.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Result
Labour's vote was nearly halved from 20.2% in 1979 to 10.4%, and Blair lost his deposit. Russell described Blair ("a very good candidate") finishing in third place "a disaster" for Labour. The journalist attributed the poor outcome to "internal squabbling of the past year between Left and Right".


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Aftermath
Smith held the seat until the 1997 general election, when in March 1997 he was forced to stand down at the last minute over the cash-for-questions affair. He was replaced by Dominic Grieve.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Aftermath
Tyler was a senior campaign organiser for the Alliance at further elections in the 1980s, and returned to Parliament at the 1992 general election, as MP for North Cornwall. He stood down in 2005, and was made a life peer.


1982 Beaconsfield by-election, Aftermath
Despite the party's poor showing Blair was regarded as having fought a good campaign, and he was selected as Labour candidate for the newly created safe seat of Sedgefield in County Durham. He won Sedgefield at the 1983 general election, and after a successful career in opposition he won the Labour Party leadership election in 1994. He led Labour to a landslide victory at the 1997 general election, and became Prime Minister on 2 May 1997, a position he held until 27 June 2007.


1982 Beirut bombing
A car bomb exploded inside the French embassy compound in Beirut on the morning of 24 May 1982. It killed ten Lebanese people and two French people; it wounded 27 other people.


1982 Belfast South by-election
The Belfast South by-election was held on 4 March 1982 following the death of Robert Bradford, Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) Member of Parliament for Belfast South.


1982 Belfast South by-election
Bradford had held the seat since the February 1974 general election, initially for the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party, but since 1978 as a UUP member. He was murdered by the Provisional IRA on 14 November 1981 while holding a political surgery in a community centre in Finaghy. Unusually, the Seanad Éireann passed a motion of sympathy for his death.


1982 Belfast South by-election
While Belfast South was one of the UUP's strongest seats, they had suffered several electoral setbacks, and had lost two other Belfast seats to the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) at the 1979 general election. The DUP had not contested Belfast South in 1979, so when they announced their intention to contest the by-election, many commentators expected them to win the seat.


1982 Belfast South by-election
The UUP decided to stand Martin Smyth; (a minister of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland and former Grand Master of the Orange Order who had been associated with the Vanguard Movement of which Bradford had been a member, although Smyth had never followed Vanguard out of the UUP) over David Trimble and Robert McCartney. The DUP stood William McCrea, a minister of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster and member of Magherafelt District Council who had been associated with the Third Force paramilitary group. The other Unionist party to stand in 1979, the Unionist Party of Northern Ireland, had dissolved in Autumn 1981.


1982 Belfast South by-election
South Belfast had also produced many of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland's best results. Despite the possibility of a split Unionist vote between the UUP and the DUP, a win looked out of their reach, but they hoped to increase their share and retain second place. They stood David Cook, a former Lord Mayor of Belfast.


1982 Belfast South by-election
The nationalist vote in the constituency was low; the main nationalist party, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) had never won so much as 10% of the vote. Despite this, the SDLP stood Alasdair McDonnell, a former member of Belfast City Council, hoping to increase their vote. Sinn Féin, while tentatively planning to contest some elections in Northern Ireland, had not yet contested elections at this point and with little background in the constituency, chose not to stand a candidate.


1982 Belfast South by-election
Labour candidates under various descriptions had also traditionally fared well in the constituency, so the United Labour Party, led by Paddy Devlin, stood Brian Caul.


1982 Belfast South by-election
Several other candidates stood. John McMichael represented the Ulster Loyalist Democratic Party, linked to the paramilitary Ulster Defence Association on a platform of Ulster nationalism. Jagat Narain, possibly the first non-white candidate in an election in Northern Ireland, stood as "One Human Family", while Simon Hall-Raleigh stood as "Peace State".


1982 Belfast South by-election, Results
The UUP turned the tide of losses to the DUP; they held the seat with a convincing 39.3% of the vote, and giving them hope for the upcoming 1982 Northern Ireland Assembly election. Alliance slightly increased their vote and held second place. The DUP took a disappointing 22.6% of the vote and managed only third position. The SDLP slightly increased their share, but only to 8.8%. McMichael's policies failed to find favour, but even he was able to beat the rapidly declining figure of Labourism in Northern Ireland; Caul took only 0.7%.


1982 Belfast South by-election, Results
Smyth held the seat for the UUP until he stood down in 2005. Two of the other candidates in the by-election later became MPs: McCrea won Mid Ulster at the 1983 general election. McDonnell stood in South Belfast at each subsequent election, gradually increasing his share of the vote, until in 2005 he unexpectedly won.


1982 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1982 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zolder on 9 May 1982. It was the fifth round of the 1982 Formula One season.


1982 Belgian Grand Prix, Qualifying and death of Gilles Villeneuve
Canadian driver Gilles Villeneuve was killed in an accident during the final qualifying session. At the time of the crash, his teammate Didier Pironi had set a time 0.1s faster than Villeneuve for sixth place. Contemporary and more recent writers say that he was attempting to improve his time on his final lap. Some suggest that he was specifically aiming to beat Pironi due to bitterness at being passed by him two weeks earlier in the closing stages of the San Marino Grand Prix, when Villeneuve believed Pironi had been ordered to remain behind him. Villeneuve's biographer Gerald Donaldson quotes Ferrari race engineer Mauro Forghieri as saying that the Canadian, although pressing on in his usual fashion, was returning to the pits on his last set of qualifying tyres when the accident occurred. If so, he would not have set a time on that lap.


1982 Belgian Grand Prix, Qualifying and death of Gilles Villeneuve
With eight minutes of the session left, Villeneuve came over the rise after the first chicane and found Jochen Mass in the March travelling much more slowly through Butte, the left-handed bend before the Terlamenbocht corner. Mass saw Villeneuve approaching at high speed and moved to the right to let him through on the racing line. At the same instant Villeneuve also moved right to pass Mass. The Ferrari hit the back of the March and was launched into the air at a speed estimated at 200–225 km/h (120–140 mph).


1982 Belgian Grand Prix, Qualifying and death of Gilles Villeneuve
It was airborne for over 100 metres before nosediving into the ground and disintegrating as it somersaulted along the edge of the track. Villeneuve, still strapped to his seat but without his helmet, was thrown a further 50 metres from the wreckage into the catch fencing on the outside edge of Terlamenbocht.


1982 Belgian Grand Prix, Qualifying and death of Gilles Villeneuve
Several drivers stopped and rushed to the scene. John Watson and Derek Warwick pulled Villeneuve, his face blue, from the catch fencing. The first doctor arrived on the scene within 35 seconds to find that Villeneuve was not breathing, although his pulse continued throughout; he was intubated and ventilated before being transferred to the circuit medical centre and then by helicopter to University St Raphael Hospital where a fatal fracture of the neck was diagnosed. Villeneuve was kept alive on life support while his wife travelled to the hospital and the doctors consulted with specialists worldwide. He died at 9:12 that evening.


1982 Belgian Grand Prix, Qualifying and death of Gilles Villeneuve
The Ferrari team withdrew from the race after the accident and left the circuit. The final eight minutes of the qualifying were run after the crash debris had been removed. No drivers improved their times, leaving the Renaults of Alain Prost and René Arnoux on the front row of the grid.


1982 Belgian Grand Prix, Abbreviated race summary
John Watson won the race after taking the lead on the penultimate lap from Keke Rosberg, who was struggling on worn tires. Niki Lauda finished third on the road but was disqualified when his car was found to be underweight in post-race scrutineering, and so the final podium place went to Eddie Cheever.


1982 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1982 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix was the seventh round of the 1982 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 2–4 July 1982 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.


1982 Benson & Hedges Championships
The 1982 Benson & Hedges Championships, also known as the Wembley Championships,  was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Wembley Arena in London, England that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 8 November until 14 November 1982. First-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title.


1982 Benson & Hedges Championships, Finals, Doubles
John McEnroe /  Peter Fleming defeated  Heinz Günthardt /  Tomáš Šmíd 7–6, 6–4


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup
The 1982 Benson & Hedges Cup was the eleventh competing of cricket’s Benson & Hedges Cup.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final
The 1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final was a one-day cricket match between Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club and Somerset County Cricket Club played on 24 July 1982 at Lord's in London. It was the eleventh final of the Benson & Hedges Cup. Somerset were holders, after beating Surrey in the previous year's final, while Nottinghamshire were making their debut in a one-day final, though they had won the 1981 County Championship.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final
After winning the toss, Somerset captain Brian Rose opted to bowl first. Nottinghamshire were bowled out for 130 from 50.1 overs; Basher Hassan and Clive Rice top-scored with 26 and 27 runs respectively. Somerset's Vic Marks and Joel Garner both bowled well, taking five of the wickets between them, but it was suggested that Nottinghamshire failed to cope with the pressure of the occasion. In their response, Somerset only lost one wicket, that of Peter Denning for 22. Afterwards, Peter Roebuck and Viv Richards shared an unbroken century partnership, each making a half-century, to complete a dominant nine-wicket victory with more than twenty overs remaining. Marks was named as man of the match.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Background
The Benson & Hedges Cup was established in 1972; the third one-day tournament in England, after the Gillette Cup (established in 1963) and the John Player League (established in 1969). It was considered less prestigious than the Gillette Cup; ESPNcricinfo described it as "the League Cup final to the Gillette's FA Cup". It was Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club's first appearance in a Lord's final, and they were considered underdogs for the match despite having won the 1981 County Championship. Somerset came into the competition as holders, having beaten Surrey in the 1981 final. They were consistently strong performers in one-day cricket, and had also won the 1979 Gillette Cup Final and the 1979 John Player League.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Route to the final
Nottinghamshire played in Group B, alongside Lancashire, Northamptonshire, Scotland and Warwickshire. They won all four of their matches during the group stage to top the group, leading to a home quarter-final against Leicestershire. Nottinghamshire opted to bat first in the match, in which they were bowled out for 156; Basher Hassan top-scored for the county with 48 runs. During Leicestershire's response, economical bowling from Mike Hendrick and Michael Bore in particular helped them to restrict the total to 154 for nine; a two-run victory. They faced Lancashire again in the semi-final, and put in a good all-round bowling performance to bowl them out for 182. In response, a half-century from Richard Hadlee helped Nottinghamshire to a four-wicket victory, and secured them a place in the final.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Route to the final
In Group D, Somerset faced Glamorgan, Gloucestershire, Middlesex and a combined Oxford & Cambridge Universities team. Somerset won their first match easily, against the universities, but lost their second, getting bowled out for 98 runs by Middlesex, who won by six wickets. In their final two matches, Somerset successfully defended a low total against Glamorgan, and then made their highest Benson & Hedges Cup score, 307 during a win over Gloucestershire. They finished second in their group, and travelled to Kent in the quarter-finals.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Route to the final
Kent scored 207, which Somerset chased down with two balls to spare, aided by half-centuries from Peter Roebuck and Brian Rose. Somerset hosted Sussex in the semi-final, and enjoyed an easy victory after four wickets from Joel Garner helped to bowl the visitors out for 110. Somerset reached their target after 36.1 overs; Peter Denning top-scored with 68*.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Match, Summary
The final was played at Lord's on 25 July, and started at 10:45. Somerset captain Rose won the toss and chose to field first in overcast conditions. Joel Garner opened the bowling for Somerset, and after keeping Paul Todd on his back foot during his first over, he bowled him with a yorker in the second over, leaving Nottinghamshire three for one. Tim Robinson and Derek Randall batted through until the seventeenth over, moving the score onto 40 for one, before Robinson was caught at mid-wicket by Viv Richards off the bowling of Colin Dredge for 13.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Match, Summary
The next over, Randall was bowled for 19, attempting to cut Vic Marks' second delivery, and having lost two wickets without scoring, Nottinghamshire were 40 for three. Basher Hassan and Clive Rice built a partnership, moving the score onto 86, until Rice got out just before lunch. Rice had been targeting the bowling of Marks; he had previously driven him for six, but attacking a similar ball he moved forwards out of his crease to try the same stroke, but was bowled. Hassan was later caught behind off the bowling of Dredge.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Match, Summary
Garner, whose first spell had been described by The Observer's Scyld Berry as "relatively expensive", claimed two more wickets with yorkers, while Ian Botham and Hallam Moseley each also took a wicket with yorkers. Of Nottinghamshire's final six batsmen, only Richard Hadlee reached double figures, and they were bowled out for 130; the lowest total in a Benson & Hedges Cup final at the time. The journalist Paul Fitzpatrick suggested that Nottinghamshire had been unable "to cope with the occasion or the pressure."


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Match, Summary
Marks was praised by Henry Blofeld of The Guardian for his "subtle variations of pace and flight", while Berry said that he "cleverly exploited [the Nottinghamshire batsmen's] hesitancy by giving far more flight to his off-spin than is customary in a limited-overs game." Marks finished the innings with two wickets, and conceded 24 runs, and Garner took three wickets for 13 runs.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Match, Summary
Peter Denning and Peter Roebuck opened the innings in Somerset's chase. Denning scored 22 runs in a partnership of 27 before getting out in the ninth over, caught behind off the bowling of Mike Hendrick. Richards joined Roebuck, and according to John Woodcock of The Times, began "whacking the ball around as only he can". Nottinghamshire's captain, Rice, was criticised for the use of his bowlers; neither consistently attacking or defending. His overseas all-rounder, Hadlee, had been a doubt for the match, and bowled in obvious discomfort due to his ankle injury.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Match, Summary
Blofeld praised the bowling of the spinner, Eddie Hemmings, saying that "his lower, flatter trajectory made it almost impossible even for Richards to get at him." Somerset reached their target after 33.1 overs; 131 deliveries remained in the match, making it the shortest one-day final at the time. Both Roebuck and Richards made half-centuries, scoring 53* and 51* respectively. Marks was named as man of the match, the first time a spin bowler had won the accolade in an English domestic one-day final since Norman Gifford during the first, the 1963 Gillette Cup Final.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Aftermath
Somerset were awarded £10,000 for winning the competition, while Nottinghamshire collected £4,500. Teams in the competition also collected £385 for each group stage victory, taking Somerset's earnings up to £11,155 and Nottinghamshire's to £6,040. As man of the match, Marks collected £300 prize money.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Aftermath
Writing for Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, Eric Hill noted that despite winning the Benson & Hedges Cup, Somerset's season was "regarded as something of a disappointment": they had been regarded as favourites in all four domestic competitions, but finished sixth in the County Championship, ninth in the John Player League, and were knocked out in the quarter-finals of the NatWest Trophy. They continued their one-day success the following season, winning the 1983 NatWest Trophy Final.


1982 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, Aftermath
Injuries to their bowlers meant that Nottinghamshire could not repeat their success from 1981; they finished fourth in the County Championship and fifth in the John Player League. They did not reach another final until the 1985 NatWest Trophy Final, which they lost to Essex, but they subsequently enjoyed one-day success by winning the 1987 NatWest Trophy and the 1989 Benson & Hedges Cup.


1982 Benson and Hedges Open
The 1982 Benson and Hedges Open was a men's professional tennis tournament held in Auckland, New Zealand. The event was part of the 1982 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 15th edition of the tournament and was played on outdoor hardcourts and was held from 11 January through 17 January 1982. Second-seeded Tim Wilkison won the singles title.


1982 Benson and Hedges Open, Finals, Doubles
Andrew Jarrett /  Jonathan Smith defeated  Larry Stefanki /  Robert Van't Hof 7–5, 7–6


1982 Benson and Hedges Open – Singles
Tim Wilkison defeated Russell Simpson 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 to win the 1982 Heineken Open singles competition. Bill Scanlon was the champion but did not defend his title.


1982 Benson and Hedges Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1982 Berlin Marathon
The 1982 Berlin Marathon was the 9th running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, West Germany, held on 26 September. Colombia's Domingo Tibaduiza won the men's race in 2:14:47 hours, while the women's race was won by Britain's Jean Lochhead in 2:47:05. Tibaduiza was the first non-European winner of the race and Lochhead was the first non-German women's winner. Sweden's Bo Lindquist won the men's wheelchair race in a time of 2:03:10. No women entered the wheelchair section. A total of 3448 runners finished the race, comprising 3318 men and 130 women.


1982 Berlin restaurant bombing
On 15 January 1982, a bomb exploded in the Jewish Mifgash-Israel restaurant in West Berlin, West Germany, killing a child and wounding 46 people. Responsibility was claimed by Palestinian nationalists under the names "People's Federation for a Free Palestine" and the "Arab May 15 Organization for the Liberation of Palestine" in two separate claims. Six Palestinian suspected members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) were detained by police but released. Mohammed Rashid of the 15 May Organization who led the bombing of Pan Am Flight 830 on 11 August 1982 later reportedly provided information to investigators about the attack. Yehuda Zvi Blum, Israeli Ambassador to the United Nations, said that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was responsible for the attack.


1982 Bexley London Borough Council election
The 1982 Bexley Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Bexley London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1982 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1982 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament took place at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. It is a single-elimination tournament with three rounds. Villanova had the best regular season conference record and received the #1 seed. It was also the last conference post-season tournament before moving to its permanent home, Madison Square Garden, the following season.


1982 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament
Georgetown defeated Villanova in the championship game 72–54, to claim its second Big East Tournament Championship.


1982 Big Eight Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1982 Big Eight Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 2–6 at a combination of on-campus gymnasiums and the Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri.


1982 Big Eight Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
Top-seeded Missouri defeated Oklahoma in the championship game, 68–63, to win their second Big Eight men's basketball tournament.


1982 Big Eight Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The Tigers, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1982 NCAA Tournament. They were joined in the tournament by fellow Big Eight member Kansas State, who earned an at-large bid.


1982 Big Eight Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
All eight of the conference's members participated in the tournament field. They were seeded based on regular season conference records, with all teams placed and paired in the initial quarterfinal round.


1982 Big Eight Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
All first-round games were played on the home court of the higher-seeded team. The semifinals and championship game, in turn, were played at a neutral site at the Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri.


1982 Big League World Series
The 1982 Big League World Series took place from August 14–21 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. Puerto Rico defeated Venezuela in the championship game.


1982 Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1982 Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held March 5–6 at the Kibbie Dome at the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho.


1982 Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
Top-seeded Idaho defeated Nevada in the championship game, 85–80, to clinch their second consecutive (and second overall) Big Sky men's basketball tournament. Entering the conference tournament, Idaho was 24–2 and ranked sixth in both national polls (AP, UPI), then fell to eighth in both final polls the following week.


1982 Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
First played in 1976, the Big Sky tournament had the same format for its first eight editions. The regular season champion hosted and only the top four teams from the standings took part, with seeding based on regular season conference records. Idaho's sole conference loss was to Montana in Missoula.


1982 Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
Nevada–Reno made their first Big Sky tournament appearance in their third season in the conference.


1982 Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, NCAA tournament
As Big Sky champions, the Vandals received an automatic bid to the 48-team NCAA Tournament and were the third seed in the West region, behind Georgetown and Oregon State. Idaho received a first round bye, then played #16 Iowa in the second round in neighboring Pullman, winning in overtime. Four days later in the Sweet Sixteen in Provo, Utah, the Vandals fell to fourth-ranked and second seed Oregon State and finished with a 27–3 record.


1982 Big Sky Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, NCAA tournament
The Big Sky has had a berth in the NCAA tournament since 1968, then a 23-team field; Idaho was the conference's sixth team to advance and the fifth to play in the Sweet Sixteen. Since the 1982 Vandals, only three Big Sky teams have advanced past the first round (Weber State (1995, 1999) and  Montana in 2006), and none went past the Round of 32.


1982 Big Ten Baseball Tournament
The 1982 Big Ten Conference Baseball Tournament was held at Old Illinois Field on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in Champaign, Illinois from May 21 through 23. The top two teams from the regular season in each division participated in the double-elimination tournament, the second annual tournament sponsored by the Big Ten Conference to determine the league champion. Minnesota won their first tournament championship and earned the Big Ten Conference's automatic bid to the 1982 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament


1982 Big Ten Baseball Tournament, Format and seeding
The 1982 tournament was a 4-team double-elimination tournament, with seeds determined by conference regular season winning percentage within each division. Ohio State claimed the top seed from the East by winning the season series over Michigan. The top seed from each division played the second seed from the opposite division in the first round.


1982 Big Ten Baseball Tournament, All-Tournament Team, Most Outstanding Player
Terry Steinbach and Jeff King were named co-Most Outstanding Players. Steinbach was an outfielder for Minnesota while King was a catcher for Ohio State.


1982 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1982 Big Ten Conference football season was the 87th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1982 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1982 Big Ten champion was Michigan. The Wolverines lost two of their first three games, then won seven consecutive games before losing to Ohio State and also losing to UCLA in the 1983 Rose Bowl. Michigan wide receiver Anthony Carter received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the conference's most valuable player.


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1982 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1982 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per game


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
Five Big Ten teams played in bowl games as follows:


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Passing yards
1. Tony Eason, Illinois (3,248)2. Sandy Schwab, Northwestern (2,735)3. Scott Campbell, Purdue (2,626)4. Babe Laufenberg, Indiana (2,468)5. Mike Hohensee, Minnesota (2,380)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Rushing yards
1. Tim Spencer, Ohio State (1,538)2. Lawrence Ricks, Michigan (1,388)3. Mel Gray, Purdue (916)4. Eddie Phillips, Iowa (772)5. Ricky Edwards, Northwestern (688)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Receiving yards
1. Mike Martin, Illinois (941)2. Anthony Carter, Michigan (844)3. Jon Harvey, Northwestern (807)4. Duane Gunn, Indiana (764)5. Cliff Benson, Purdue (762)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Total offense
1. Tony Eason, Illinois (3,258)2. Sandy Schwab, Northwestern (2,555)3. Scott Campbell, Purdue (2,508)4. Mike Hohensee, Minnesota (2,418)5. Babe Laufenberg, Indiana (2,351)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Passing efficiency rating
1. Tony Eason, Illinois (128.2)2. Mike Tomczak, Ohio State (125.7)3. Steve Smith, Michigan (125.1)4. Chuck Long, Iowa (124.8)5. Babe Laufenberg, Indiana (118.8)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Rushing yards per attempt
1. Troy King, Wisconsin (7.2)2. Tony Hunter, Minnesota (5.7)3. Tim Spencer, Ohio State (5.6)4. Lawrence Ricks, Michigan (5.2)5. Owen Gill, Iowa (5.1)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Yards per reception
1. Duane Gunn, Indiana (21.8)2. Anthony Carter, Michigan (19.6)3. John Boyd, Indiana (18.9)4. Gary Williams, Ohio State (17.2)5. Lonnie Farrow, Minnesota (16.6)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Points scored
1. Mike Bass, Illinois (101)2. Tim Spencer, Ohio State (90)3. Ali Haji-Sheikh, Michigan (77)4. Rich Spangler, Ohio State (68)5. Jim Gallery, Minnesota (61)


1982 Big Ten Conference football season, 1983 NFL Draft
The 1983 NFL Draft was held in April 1983. The following Big Ten players were selected in the first five rounds of the draft:


1982 Birmingham Northfield by-election
The Birmingham, Northfield by-election of 28 October 1982 was held after the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Jocelyn Cadbury on 31 July 1982. The seat was gained by the Labour Party in a defeat for Margaret Thatcher's government, ironically just after opinion polls showed an upswing in Conservative support following the victorious Falklands War campaign weeks earlier.


1982 Birmingham Northfield by-election, Aftermath
The result gave the Labour Party its first gain in a by-election in Britain since 1971. Yet while Labour had regained the seat which it had lost in 1979, the Conservatives were reported to be delighted at only narrowly losing given that the seat had been their third most vulnerable based on the 1979 results.


1982 Birmingham Northfield by-election, Aftermath
Norman Tebbit, then a Conservative Cabinet minister, noted his party had come "within an ace of holding one of our most marginal constituencies"  and argued that the results in Northfield and the by-election held on the same day for the Peckham constituency showed that the intervention of the Alliance allowed Labour to win. Writing in The Glasgow Herald, political journalist Geoffrey Parkhouse argued that winning Northfield saved Labour leader Michael Foot "from disaster", but the closeness of the result meant it was a "desperate victory" for him. He also argued that the results showed that Mrs Thatcher's Government was on course to win the next election, but that the Alliance's potential to take votes from the Conservatives could yet prevent them from gaining an overall majority.


1982 Birthday Honours
Queen's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen's Official Birthday in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.


1982 Birthday Honours
The 1982 Queen's Birthday Honours list for the United Kingdom was issued on 11 June 1982 and the lists for Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji were issued on 12 June 1982.


1982 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1982 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 12 June 1982.


1982 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1982 Blue Swords
Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles and pair skating.


1982 Boise State Broncos football team
The 1982 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Broncos competed in the Big Sky Conference and played their home games on campus at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho. The Broncos were led by seventh–year head coach Jim Criner, Boise State finished the season 8–3 overall and 4–3 in conference for fourth place.


1982 Boise State Broncos football team
Entering the rivalry game with Idaho at Bronco Stadium on October 30, Boise State had a five–game winning streak over the Vandals. Idaho won 24–17, and the Broncos did not defeat the Vandals for over a decade, until 1994.


1982 Boise State Broncos football team
Two months after the season ended, Criner left for Iowa State University of the Big Eight Conference, at a salary of $58,000 for five years, and defensive coordinator Lyle Setencich was promoted to head coach in January 1983.


1982 Boise State Broncos football team, NFL Draft
Two Bronco seniors were selected in the 1983 NFL Draft, which lasted twelve rounds (335 selections).


1982 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 1982 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of  Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council in Greater Manchester, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party kept overall control of the council


1982 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election
20 seats were contested in the election, with 10 being won by the Labour Party, 8 by the Conservative Party and 2 by the Liberal PartyAfter the election, the composition of the council was


1982 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election, Council Composition
Prior to the election the composition of the council was:


1982 Bonn summit
The 1982 Bonn summit was the 6th NATO summit bringing the leaders of member nations together at the same time. The formal sessions and informal meetings in Bonn took place on 10 June 1982. This event was only the fifth meeting of the NATO heads of state following the ceremonial signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. When the summit was held, there were sixteen members of NATO.


1982 Bonn summit, Background
In this period, the organization faced unresolved questions concerned whether a new generation of leaders would be as committed to NATO as their predecessors had been. The Bonn Summit addressed many issues and discussed many topics. Most notable of these topics was the accession of Spain to NATO, as the summit was held years after the fall of Francisco Franco. The summit also voiced concern to the perceived threat the Soviet Union posed to members of NATO.


1982 Bophuthatswana parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Bophuthatswana in October 1982. The Bophuthatswana Democratic Party won all 72 of the elected seats in the National Assembly.


1982 Bordeaux Open
The 1982 Bordeaux Open also known as the Grand Prix Passing Shot was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at Villa Primrose in Bordeaux, France that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 23 September until 26 September 1982. The tournament changed all matches to best of three sets. Hans Gildemeister won the singles title.


1982 Bordeaux Open, Finals, Doubles
Hans Gildemeister /  Andrés Gómez defeated  Anders Järryd /  Hans Simonsson 6–4, 6–2


1982 Borders Regional Council election
Elections for Borders Regional Council took place on Thursday 6 May 1982, alongside elections to the various regional councils across Scotland.


1982 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1982 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College in the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Eagles were led by second-year head coach Jack Bicknell, and played their home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. Sophomore quarterback Doug Flutie threw for over 2,700 yards, leading Boston College to the 1982 Tangerine Bowl, their first bowl game since 1942.


1982 Boston Red Sox season
The 1982 Boston Red Sox season was the 82nd season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished third in the American League East with a record of 89 wins and 73 losses, six games behind the Milwaukee Brewers, who went on to win the AL championship.


1982 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Highlights
In his second year as Red Sox manager, Ralph Houk kept the Sox clubhouse on an even keel, and while Boston helped make the season interesting, it was the Milwaukee Brewers all the way finishing at 95–67, one game ahead of the Baltimore Orioles, and six up on third-place Boston.


1982 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Highlights
Boston's best that year was a bullpen featuring Mark Clear, with 14 wins and 14 saves, and Bob Stanley, with 12 wins and 14 saves. John Tudor, who had been a disappointing 4–3 in 1981, was 13–10. Dennis Eckersley was 13–13 and Mike Torrez 9–9. Torrez would be traded in the offseason.


1982 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Highlights
Carney Lansford hit .301 that year, only his second, and his last as a Red Sox. Jim Rice hit .309, with 24 homers and 97 RBIs, and Dwight Evans had another big year: .292, 32 homers and 98 RBIs. Carl Yastrzemski, heading toward the end of his career, hit .275, with 16 homers and 72 RBIs. A catcher named Rich Gedman from Worcester, Massachusetts, hit .249. A rookie also came up and surprised a lot of people: Wade Boggs had been the top hitter in the minors the previous year but had a hard time staying with Boston. He made his major league debut on April 10, 1982, in a game against the Baltimore Orioles, going 0-for-4. Once he got into the lineup on June 25, when Lansford was hurt, he stayed on and hit .349.


1982 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Opening Day lineup
Opening Day had been scheduled for April 5 at Comiskey Park again the Chicago White Sox, but it was postponed due to snow. Additional games were also postponed due to weather conditions. The team finally started their season on April 10, with a doubleheader against the Baltimore Orioles at Memorial Stadium.


1982 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Alumni game
Before a scheduled game with the Texas Rangers on May 1, the Red Sox held their first old-timers game at Fenway, marking 50-years of ownership by the Yawkey family. It was notable for the participation of 63-year-old Red Sox legend Ted Williams, who made a shoestring catch while playing the outfield. Other participants included Bobby Doerr, Boo Ferriss, Jackie Jensen, Bob Montgomery, Johnny Pesky, and Jimmy Piersall.


1982 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1982 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their sixth season under head coach Rick Taylor, the Terriers compiled a 5–6 record (3–2 against conference opponents), finished in a four-way tie for the Yankee Conference championship, lost to Colgate in the first round of the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship playoffs, and outscored opponents by a total of 250 to 223.


1982 Boston arson spree
A Boston arson spree was carried out by a group of disgruntled police, firefighters, and their allies in and around Boston, Massachusetts from February to November 1982. Upset about budget cuts to their departments following the passage of Proposition 2 1/2, the group believed the increase in fire related crime would naturally rectify their situation. However, they were so brazen that Massachusetts briefly became the arson capital of the entire United States, attracting the attention of Federal BATF investigators, who unravelled the plot. U.S. Attorney William F. Weld began handing down indictments in July 1984.


1982 Boston arson spree
According to Attorney General William French Smith, the at least 163 blazes injured more than 270 firefighters, with a few being permanently disabled. The eight member arson ring caused more than $22 million in property damage alone. Criminal sentences ranged from five to sixty years in prison, with the final defendant being sentenced to six years in March 1985.


1982 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1982 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their sixth season under head coach Denny Stolz, the Falcons compiled a 7–5 record (7–2 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 265 to 199.


1982 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The team's statistical leaders included Brian McClure with 1,391 passing yards, Chip Otten with 673 rushing yards, and Shawn Potts with 841 receiving yards.


1982 Brabantse Pijl
The 1982 Brabantse Pijl was the 22nd edition of the Brabantse Pijl cycle race and was held on 28 March 1982. The race started in Sint-Genesius-Rode and finished in Alsemberg. The race was won by Claude Criquielion.


1982 Brantford municipal election
The 1982 Brantford municipal election was held on November 8, 1982, to elect a mayor, councillors, and school trustees in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. The surrounding rural and small-town municipalities also held elections on the same day.


1982 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 1982 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Jacarepaguá on March 21, 1982. It was the second round of the 1982 Formula One season. Many drivers suffered exhaustion because of the intensely hot weather, particularly Brabham drivers Nelson Piquet and Riccardo Patrese. Patrese was forced to retire from the race due to total exhaustion. Piquet, after having finished first in the race and then barely making it to the podium ceremony, fainted due to exhaustion only to be disqualified later.


1982 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race, Disqualifications
Nelson Piquet finished first and Keke Rosberg finished second, but both were disqualified after the cars were found to be underweight. As a result, the FOCA teams boycotted San Marino GP two races later. The problem was with a 7 US gallons (26 L) "ballast water tank", ostensibly used to cool the brakes. This would gradually empty during the race and then be replenished at the end so as to pass post-race scrutineering. The FIA Appeals Tribunal upheld the disqualification seven weeks later and these tanks were permanently banned.


1982 Brazilian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Brazil on 15 November 1982. The Democratic Social Party (the successor of the ruling National Renewal Alliance) won 235 of the 479 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 15 of the 25 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 82.8%.


1982 Brazilian legislative election, Electoral system
Due to the growing popularity of the opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement, the ruling National Renewal Alliance Party passed electoral reforms in 1979, replacing the two-party system in place since 1965 with a multi-party system.


1982 Brent London Borough Council election
The 1982 Brent Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Brent London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the council went in no overall control.


1982 Brisbane Rugby League season
The 1982 Brisbane Rugby League premiership was the 74th season of Brisbane's semi-professional rugby league football competition. Eight teams from across Brisbane competed for the premiership, which culminated in a grand final match between the Wynnum-Manly and Southern Suburbs clubs.


1982 Brisbane Rugby League season, Season summary
Teams played each other three times, with 21 rounds of competition played. It resulted in a top four of Southern Suburbs, Fortitude Valley, Wynnum-Manly and Redcliffe.


1982 Brisbane Rugby League season, Grand Final
Wynnum-Manly 17 (Tries: T. Butler, B. French, P. Dawes. Goals: W. Green 4.)


1982 Bristol Open
The 1982 Bristol Open, also known by its sponsored name Lambert & Butler Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts in Bristol, England that was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the third edition of the tournament and was played from 14 June until 19 June 1982. Unseeded John Alexander won the singles title.


1982 Bristol Open, Finals, Doubles
Tim Gullikson /  Tom Gullikson defeated  Mark Edmondson /  Kim Warwick 6–4, 7–6


1982 Bristol Open – Doubles
Billy Martin and Russell Simpson were the defending champions, but Martin did not participate this year. Simpson partnered Lloyd Bourne, losing in the first round.


1982 Bristol Open – Doubles
Tim Gullikson and Tom Gullikson won the title, defeating John Austin and Johan Kriek 6–4, 7–6 in the final.


1982 Bristol Open – Singles
Mark Edmondson was the defending champion, but lost in the second round this year.


1982 Bristol Open – Singles
John Alexander won the title, defeating Tim Mayotte 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash
On 14 September 1982 a medical evacuation helicopter flight operated by Bristow Helicopters crashed during the early hours of the morning in driving rain and poor visibility over the North Sea. All six crew members on board died when their aircraft plunged into the sea near the Murchison platform while trying to locate the Baffin Seal seismic survey vessel.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash
The Accidents Investigation Branch of the United Kingdom issued the final report on the cause of the crash on 22 June 1984. It concluded that there was insufficient evidence to determine a conclusive cause of the accident, although adverse weather, total darkness, and a difficult mission profile were all major factors.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Background
The large petroleum reserves under the North Sea have been exploited since 1965. The Treasure Finder semi-submersible accommodation platform supported a number of offshore oil rigs and normally carried a group of four Bell 212 support helicopters for inter-rig transfers of passengers and freight and medical evacuation. Treasure Finder also contained hospital facilities servicing the Brent oilfield. On 14 September 1982, a crewman on the Baffin Seal seismic survey vessel suffered an injury, and the captain sent a request for medical assistance to the Treasure Finder. The Baffin Seal's helicopter deck was obstructed, so the rescue helicopter would not be able to land on the vessel but instead would have to winch the casualty aboard. To accomplish this, the helicopter took off with a full crew of pilot, co-pilot, winch operator, winchman, doctor and medic.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Flight summary
The Bell 212 lifted off at 2.25 am (all times are UTC) on a course to the Baffin Seal's reported location with a plan to lower the two medical personnel onto the ship and, if necessary, winch them back onboard with the injured crewman. At 2.31 am the co-pilot told approach control that they were unable to establish marine VHF communication with the vessel, and asked for navigational assistance from the Murchison platform. Witnesses on the platform and its stand-by vessel later saw the helicopter pass by in a northeasterly direction in driving rain and poor visibility.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Flight summary
At 2.36 am approach control informed the helicopter that the survey vessel had a searchlight and could turn it on and point it vertically to assist in location and the co-pilot replied a minute later that they could see the Baffin Seal and were in radio communication. At 2.41 am approach control attempted to call the helicopter but received no reply. The last transmission from the aircraft was on marine radio at 2.42 am: "Five miles north of the Murchison platform letting down to surface contact."


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Flight summary
After repeated attempts to contact the helicopter were unsuccessful, approach control declared an alert at 2.50 am. Four helicopters, a Royal Air Force Nimrod, a United States Orion and several support vessels in the area searched for the missing aircraft. At 10.23 am two inflated life rafts were spotted floating upside-down 16 miles (26 km) northeast of the Murchison platform. Other pieces of helicopter debris and three bodies were found and recovered 17 to 22 miles (27 to 35 km) northeast of this platform during the day. On 17 September an underwater locator beacon led searchers to the bulk of the wreckage and two more bodies, 14 miles (23 km) from the platform at 1,120 ft (340 m) below water.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Company operations
At the time of the accident, Bristow Helicopters was the largest private operator of helicopters in the United Kingdom, with a fleet of 70 aircraft. Bristow was responsible for providing four search-and-rescue helicopters based on the Treasure Finder with pilots and crew. Normally, fourteen pilots were on the rig and a similar number ashore, of which four were qualified for nighttime search-and-rescues. The pilot of the accident aircraft, who was also the Chief Pilot for the Brent Field, was one of only two such qualified pilots available that night;  the other night-qualified pilot had flown extensively earlier that day.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Company operations
The accident was one of a series suffered by Bristow helicopters in the North Sea in just over a year. These included the 12 August 1981 loss of another Bell 212 and the 13 August 1981 loss of a Westland Wessex. Soon after the crash, former Labour Secretary of State for Social Services David Ennals called for a Trade Department inquiry into the safety of helicopter operations in the North Sea oil industry. The accident brought the total number of dead from North Sea helicopter accidents by all UK operators to 40.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Accident aircraft
The Bell 212 registered as G-BDIL was a twin-engine two-bladed medium helicopter manufactured on 18 July 1975. For the flight the rear bench seats were removed to allow fitting a rescue winch, leaving only two rear seats available and the remaining two cabin crew using safety harnesses. The aircraft had a Certificate of Airworthiness that was valid until 30 January 1983 and a Certificate of Maintenance that was valid until 27 October 1982 or 7,567.5 airframe hours. The airframe had a total of 7,532.25 hours at the time of the accident.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Accident details, Accident aircraft
The gross weight of the aircraft and the estimated center of gravity were both within authorized limits. The aircraft had two liferafts installed and all six personnel were wearing immersion survival suits and life vests with personal locator beacons. The aircraft was also equipped with a SARBE beacon and an underwater locator beacon, both activated by immersion in salt water. Available navigation equipment installed included a Decca Navigator System, VOR, and ADF receivers. During the flight, the co-pilot had asked for the non-directional beacon on the Murchison platform to be turned on to assist in finding the Baffin Seal but the beacon remained off until after the accident because the platform's radio operator was fixing an equipment issue.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Investigation
Two oilfield diving support vessels were placed at the service of investigators on the day of the accident, the Kommandor Michael and the British Voyager, equipped with sonar, underwater video equipment, lifting gear, and an underwater location beacon receiver. Kommandor Michael was also equipped with two remote-control unmanned submersibles while British Voyager carried two manned submersibles. After locating the wreckage on the sea floor on 17 September at  in about 1,100 feet (340 m) of water, one of British Voyager's submersibles performed a video survey and located the bodies of two of the missing aircrew. Due to the water depth, the impact damage to the airframe, and a prolonged period of dangerous weather, it was not until 10 October that the semi-submersible lifting vessel Uncle John was able to retrieve the wreckage for analysis.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Investigation
The damage to the airframe showed that it had sustained a severe impact to the front right quarter, consistent with a high-speed impact with the ocean surface while nose-down, banked to the right, with both the main and tail rotors spinning. Investigators did not document any pre-impact damage to the helicopter, its engines, transmission, rotors, avionics, or other systems nor were there any documented physiological impairments to the aircrew. Evidence recovered from the navigational systems and the position of and damage to the wreckage indicated the helicopter lost altitude during a turn to the right while flying at a low altitude searching for the Baffin Seal.


1982 Bristow Helicopters Bell 212 crash, Investigation
The investigation was unable to determine a specific cause of the accident. The flight took place in darkness and weather conditions of high wind and rain soon after the aircrew had been awakened, and at a very low altitude while attempting to locate a difficult target—in such conditions there was a low margin for safety and any loss of altitude would have been fatal.


1982 Brit Awards
The 1982 Brit Awards were the 2nd edition of the biggest annual pop music awards in the United Kingdom. They are run by the British Phonographic Industry and took place on 4 February 1982 at Grosvenor House Hotel in London.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident
On 6 June 1982, during the Falklands War, the British Royal Navy Type 42 destroyer HMS Cardiff engaged and destroyed a British Army Gazelle helicopter, serial number XX377, in a friendly fire incident, killing all four occupants. Cardiff, on the lookout for aircraft flying supplies to the Argentine forces occupying the Falkland Islands, had misidentified the helicopter as an enemy C-130 Hercules. Although the helicopter's loss was initially blamed on enemy action, a subsequent inquiry found Cardiff's missile to be the cause.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident
On the night of 5 June, HMS Cardiff was stationed to the east of the islands to provide gunfire support to the land forces and intercept enemy aircraft. At around 02:00 a radar contact was detected; a British Army Air Corps Gazelle helicopter was making a routine delivery of personnel and equipment to a radio rebroadcast station on East Falkland. From the contact's speed and course, Cardiff's operations room crew assumed it to be hostile. One Sea Dart missile was fired, destroying the target. The Gazelle's wreckage and crew were discovered the next morning, and the loss was attributed to enemy fire. Although Cardiff was suspected, later scientific tests on the wreckage proved inconclusive.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident
No formal inquiry was held until four years later. Defending their claim that the helicopter had been lost in action, the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence (MoD) stated that they had not wanted to "cause further anguish to relatives" while they were still trying to ascertain how the Gazelle had been shot down. The board of inquiry finally confirmed that the soldiers fell due to friendly fire. It recommended that "neither negligence nor blame should be attributed to any individual", but identified several factors.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident
A lack of communication between the army and the navy meant that 5th Infantry Brigade had not notified anyone of the helicopter's flight. The navy had not informed the land forces that Cardiff had changed position to set up an ambush for Argentine aircraft travelling over the area. The helicopter's identification friend or foe (IFF) transmitter was turned off, because it caused interference with the army's Rapier anti-aircraft missile system. The board of inquiry's findings prompted criticism of the MoD's initial response to the incident.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Background
On 2 April 1982, the British overseas territory of the Falkland Islands was invaded by neighbouring Argentina. The United Kingdom, nearly 8,000 miles (13,000 km) away, assembled and dispatched a naval task force of 28,000 troops to recapture the islands. The conflict ended that June with the surrender of the Argentine forces; the battles fought on land, at sea, and in the air had cost the lives of some 900 British and Argentine servicemen.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Background
In early May, British troops landed at San Carlos on the western side of East Falkland, and from there moved overland towards the islands' capital of Stanley. To support the advance, logistical supplies were ferried to the troops by helicopter from San Carlos. The Argentine forces occupying Stanley were supplied throughout the war by C-130 Hercules aircraft from the Argentine mainland. These "milk-runs", as the British termed them, were a source of concern to the Royal Navy, and various attempts were made to intercept them.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Incident
On the night of 5 June, the British Type 42 destroyer HMS Cardiff took up station on the "Bluff Cove Gunline" to the east of the islands. Tasked with a dual mission, Cardiff was to provide fire support to the Royal Marines of 3 Commando Brigade, and to interdict any Argentine aircraft attempting to fly into Stanley. The destroyer had performed a similar role four nights previously, when she unsuccessfully attempted to shoot down a re-supply aircraft as it landed, and again as it took off.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Incident
Meanwhile, pilots Staff Sergeant Christopher Griffin and Lance Corporal Simon Cockton, of 656 Squadron Army Air Corps, had been ordered to fly equipment and personnel to a malfunctioning radio re-broadcast station on top of Pleasant Peak. The station had been established the previous day to provide a communications link between the 5th Infantry Brigade headquarters at Darwin, and the 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment at Fitzroy. Night flying conditions were excellent, with a clear sky, a prominent moon and a wind speed of 20 kn (37 km/h).


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Incident
The crew departed from Goose Green in Gazelle serial number XX377 and collected the replacement equipment from the headquarters at Darwin. They also took on board two passengers; Major Michael Forge, the OC of 205 Signal Squadron, and A Tp Staff Sergeant, Staff Sergeant John Baker. Griffin was an experienced pilot; the flight to the re-broadcast station was expected to take ten minutes.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Incident
At 02:00 local time, Cardiff's operations room detected XX377 on her surface plot radar at a range of 25 nautical miles (46 km). The helicopter's identification friend or foe (IFF) system was turned off, so receiving no friendly transmissions and with the contact apparently heading towards Stanley, the operations room crew assumed it to be hostile. After calculating its speed they believed they were tracking an Argentine fixed-wing aircraft – either a Hercules conducting a resupply mission, or a FMA IA 58 Pucará ground-attack aircraft sent to retaliate for Cardiff's shelling. Cardiff fired one of her Sea Dart missiles. 5th Infantry Brigade lost radio contact with the Gazelle, and simultaneously the exploding missile was seen and heard by the re-broadcast station's personnel atop Pleasant Peak. Cardiff's crew were able to see the fireball, but only with the aid of night vision goggles.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Incident
The helicopter's loss caused the British to suspect that Argentine forces were still operating in the area, so patrols were mounted by Gurkha soldiers. When the Gurkhas came across the personnel manning the Pleasant Peak station there was potential for another friendly fire incident to occur. At first light a proper search was carried out, and the Gazelle's wreckage was found along with the dead aircrew and passengers; 5th Infantry Brigade's first casualties of the war.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Incident
Immediately there were suspicions that Cardiff had been responsible for the shootdown, and later that evening Rear Admiral "Sandy" Woodward declared a "Weapons Tight" order, forbidding the engagement of any aircraft not positively identified as hostile, for all contacts detected flying over East Falkland at less than 200 kn (370 km/h) and under 610 m (2,000 ft).


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
The crew's bodies were initially examined by senior medical officer, Surgeon-Captain Richard "Rick" Jolly of the Royal Navy. The helicopter's wreckage was inspected on-site, but the British were unable to determine if it had been destroyed by Cardiff's missiles or by Argentine fire. This uncertainty prompted the decision not to hold a board of inquiry, and XX377 was declared "lost in action". It was surmised that, if the relatives of the deceased were told that the Gazelle might have been lost to friendly fire, it would add to their grief.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
After the war, missile fragments found in the wreckage were taken to the British government's aviation research facility at RAE Farnborough for analysis. The scientific tests concluded that the fragments were not from a British Sea Dart missile, despite a Sea Dart casing later being found "several hundred yards" away from the wreckage.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
In December 1982 an inquest was held by a Southampton coroner into the death of Lance Corporal Cockton after his body was repatriated to the UK. Based on RAE Farnborough's test results, the Army Air Corps submitted evidence stating that the analysis of the warhead fragments found in the wreckage indicated that the helicopter had been destroyed by a type of anti-aircraft missile "known to have been in the possession of the enemy".


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
The test results were reviewed in November 1985 and determined that there could be "no definitive conclusion as to the exact source of the missile fragments recovered from the crash site". In June 1986, John Stanley, the Minister of State for the Armed Forces, announced in his written answers to the House of Commons: "the [Southampton] coroner has been informed accordingly."


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
In October 1986, partly due to pressure from Cockton's mother and the anti-war politician Tam Dalyell, an official board of inquiry was finally opened. The board took a month to reach the conclusion that XX377 was shot down by Cardiff. Historian Hugh Bicheno remarks: "It took [the] MoD four years and two investigations, the first either incompetent or a deliberate cover-up, even to admit the Gazelle blue-on-blue."


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
The board's findings were made public by a Freedom of Information Act request in July 2008, although Paragraph 13 of the report was redacted under Section 26 of the act as it "contains operational details of the Royal Navy's activities, which, even with the passage of time since the Falklands campaign, would be of use to potential enemies."


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
The board of inquiry found that standard operating procedure dictated that the commanders of 5th Infantry Brigade were not required to declare the helicopter's mission to any other authority, as the flight was to occur in brigade airspace on a brigade task. Gazelle XX377 was equipped with an IFF transmitter, but this was turned off. In the opinion of the board, "had IFF been in use there is little doubt that Cardiff would not have engaged the aircraft that night."


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
At the time, less than half of the land force's helicopters were fitted with IFF transmitters, and those that were had been ordered not to use them because they inhibited the tracking systems of the British ground-based Rapier anti-aircraft missile batteries. A misconception about the Royal Navy's ability to engage air targets over land led to the navy not being informed that the army's helicopters were not using IFF.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Investigations
The board of inquiry concluded that it was this failure to communicate, together with the navy's assumption that all helicopters would be operating IFF, which "had a cumulative effect [and] was a major cause of [the] accident." However, the board recommended that "neither negligence nor blame should be attributed to any individual".


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Effects
Given that the role of helicopters in land force operations was increasing, as was the integration of guided missile destroyers for coastal defence, the board of inquiry recommended an amendment to NATO procedures for amphibious warfare and naval gunfire support, to alert other armed forces to the danger of underestimating a ship's missile engagement zone over land. During the late 1980s, the British government placed more emphasis on joint warfare training, with exercises, such as Purple Warrior, taking place in Oman and Scotland.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Effects
The board noted the establishment of the Permanent Joint Headquarters, designed to put an end to the "ad hoc and reactive way" in which operations had been carried out while under single service control. IFF transmitters were fitted to all Army Air Corps and Royal Marine Gazelle and Lynx helicopters, and the problem of operating IFF in the vicinity of Rapier batteries was successfully addressed. The board supported a recommendation that the responsibilities of naval gunfire-support liaison officers could be broadened to include the interpretation of air defence problems during inshore joint warfare operations.


1982 British Army Gazelle friendly fire incident, Effects
A memorial cross was installed on Pleasant Peak, and the number "205" was painted at the crash site by the soldiers of 205 Signal Squadron. The number is approximately 40 m (130 ft) wide and can be seen from the air ().


1982 British Formula One Championship
The 1982 British Formula One Championship was the fourth and final season of the British Formula One Championship. It commenced on 9 April 1982 and ended on 30 August after five races.


1982 British Formula One Championship, Championship
After the Aurora company withdrew as the series' main sponsor in 1980, no championship was held in 1981. The series was revived in 1982 but with only a five round championship the series was only a shadow of its former self. Only ten drivers competed in the championship. The Drivers' Championship was dominated by Jim Crawford who claimed the championship in round four at Donington Park.


1982 British Formula One Championship, Championship
The opening round of the 1983 season was held at Oulton Park. The race won by Mike Wilds was the last British F1 Championship race as the undersubscribed series was disbanded after that event.


1982 British Formula One Championship, Results and standings, Drivers' standings
Points are awarded to the top ten classified finishers using the following structure:


1982 British Grand Prix
The 1982 British Grand Prix (formally the XXXV Marlboro British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on 18 July 1982. It was the tenth race of the 1982 Formula One World Championship.


1982 British Grand Prix
The 76-lap race was won by Niki Lauda, driving a McLaren-Ford, after he started from fifth position. Didier Pironi finished second in a Ferrari, while teammate Patrick Tambay achieved his first podium finish by coming third. Derek Warwick stunned and delighted the British fans by taking his Toleman, a team who frequently failed to qualify for Grand Prix races during 1981 and 1982, through the field into second place before being forced to retire. Pironi took over the lead of the Drivers' Championship from Lauda's teammate, John Watson, who spun off on the third lap.


1982 British League season
The 1982 British League season was the 48th season of the top tier of speedway in the United Kingdom and the 18th known as the British League.


1982 British League season, Summary
After a ten year drought Belle Vue Aces won the league pushing defending champions Cradley Heath into second place. A special performance was going to be needed to finish ahead of the star-studded Cradley Heath team and it was the consistency of the support riders which helped Belle Vue achieve this.


1982 British League season, Summary
England international Chris Morton was the heat leader but he was supported by a group of consistent scorers throughout the season that included Larry Ross (a former 5 times New Zealand champion), the former world champion Peter Collins, the Carr brothers Louis and Peter, Dane Peter Ravn and Scot Jim McMillan.Cradley Heath went on to win their third Knockout Cup in four years and the League Cup.


1982 British League season, Summary
Hackney Wick Stadium was subject to a second fatal accident within two years when American Denny Pyeatt lost his life in a league match on 16 July. Pyeatt riding for Reading Racers crashed into a lamp standard.


1982 British League season, Final table
M = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points


1982 British League season, British League Knockout Cup
The 1982 Speedway Star British League Knockout Cup was the 44th edition of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams. Cradley Heath Heathens were the winners.


1982 British League season, British League Knockout Cup, Final, Second leg
Cradley were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 81-75.


1982 British League season, League Cup
The League Cup was split into North and South sections. The two-legged final was won by Cradley Heath Heathens beating Ipswich Witches in the final 83-73 on aggregate.


1982 British National Track Championships
The 1982 British National Track Championships were a series of track cycling competitions held from 25 July - 1 August 1982 at the Leicester Velodrome.


1982 British Rowing Championships
The 1982 National Rowing Championships was the 11th edition of the National Championships, held from 17–18 July 1982 at the National Water Sports Centre in Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham.


1982 British Saloon Car Championship
The 1982 Tricentrol RAC British Saloon Car Championship was the 25th season of the championship. The championship was open to saloon cars complying with FIA Appendix J Group 1 regulations. Win Percy won his third consecutive title, this time driving a class C Toyota Corolla. In doing so, he became the fourth driver to win three BSCC championships.


1982 British Saloon Car Championship, Calendar & Winners
All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold.


1982 British Saloon Car Championship, Championship Standings, Drivers' Championship
Points were awarded on a 9, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 basis to the top six finishers in each class, with one bonus point for the fastest lap in each class. In races where a class had less than four starters, points would be awarded to the top two finishers (6 & 4 respectively) with one point for the fastest lap. A driver's best nine scores counted towards the championship, dropped scores are shown in brackets. Positions are shown as overall/class.


1982 British Saloon Car Championship, Championship Standings, Drivers' Championship
Bold - Pole in classItalics - Fastest lap in class


1982 British Speedway Championship
The 1982 British Speedway Championship was the 22nd edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 2 June at Brandon in Coventry, England. The Championship was won by Andy Grahame, who edged out his brother Alan Grahame in second and Kenny Carter in third.


1982 British Speedway Championship, Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1982 British motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1982 British motorcycle Grand Prix was the ninth round of the 1982 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 30–1 August 1982 at the Silverstone Circuit.


1982 Bromley London Borough Council election
The 1982 Bromley Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Bromley London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1982 Brown Bears football team
The 1982 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University during the 1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Brown tied for fourth place in the Ivy League.


1982 Brown Bears football team
In their sixth season under head coach John Anderson, the Bears compiled a 5–5 record but were outscored 214 to 228. B. Barrett, D. Nelson and K. Powers were the team captains.


1982 Brown Bears football team
The Bears' 3–4 conference record earned them part of a four-way tie for fourth place in the Ivy League standings. They were outscored 169 to 161 by Ivy opponents.


1982 Brown Bears football team
This was Brown's first year in Division I-AA, after having competed in the top-level Division I-A and its predecessors since 1878.


1982 Brown Bears football team
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.


1982 Brownlow Medal
The 1982 Brownlow Medal was the 55th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Brian Wilson of the Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-three votes during the 1982 VFL season.


1982 Brownlow Medal, Leading votegetters
* The player was ineligible to win the medal due to suspension by the VFL Tribunal during the year.


1982 Broxbourne Borough Council election
The Broxbourne Council election, 1982 was held to elect council members of the Broxbourne Borough Council, the local government authority of the borough of Broxbourne,  Hertfordshire, England.


1982 Broxbourne Borough Council election, Results summary
An election was held in 14 wards on 6 May 1982.


1982 Broxbourne Borough Council election, Results summary
The SDP-Liberal Alliance gained 1 seat from the Conservatives in Rosedale Ward.


1982 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1982 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season.


1982 Bucknell Bison football team
In their eighth year under head coach Bob Curtis, the Bison compiled a 4–6 record. Marty Schaetzle, Mike Thompson and Steve Zenda were the team captains.


1982 Bucknell Bison football team
Bucknell played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1982 Buenos Aires Grand Prix – Singles
Guillermo Vilas defeated Alejandro Ganzábal 6-2, 6-4 to win the 1982 Buenos Aires Grand Prix tennis singles competition. Ivan Lendl was the champion but did not defend his title.


1982 Buenos Aires Grand Prix – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1982 Buffalo Bills season
The 1982 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 13th season in the National Football League, and the 23rd overall. Due to the 1982 NFL strike, the season was shortened to only nine games; the Bills' 4–5 record left them in the 9th spot in the AFC, therefore eliminating the Bills from the playoffs in the 16-team tournament format.


1982 Buffalo Bills season
The Bills led the league in rushing in 1982, with 1,371 yards (152.3 per game) on the ground.


1982 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason, NFL Draft
Linebacker Eugene Marve played linebacker for Buffalo for six seasons. Placekicker Gary Anderson went on to become the second-leading scorer in NFL history, although he did so with five other NFL teams, as he never played a regular-season game for Buffalo.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution
The 1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution is a radioactive waste pollution incident in Bukit Merah of Kinta District in Central Perak, Malaysia. The outcome of the pollution case took several years to complete with no acknowledgement of responsibilities from companies involved despite the closure of factory in 1994 that become the source of pollution.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Background
A rare earth extracting company named Asia Rare Earth Sdn Bhd (ARE) was established in 1979 for yttrium extraction in Bukit Merah, Perak with the biggest shareholders for the company was the Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd and Beh Minerals (both with 35% share) together with Tabung Haji and other Bumiputera businessmen owning lesser shares. In 1982, the newly established company began to extracting yttrium from a mineral named monazite which contains different earth elements with radioactive including thorium and uranium.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Background
Since the company of ARE starting its operation, residents from a nearby town of Papan began to complaining unpleasant odour and smoke from the factory where they also had breathing difficulty as a result of the pollution. The residents later discovering in 1984 that the extracting company of ARE had built a waste channel to a disposal site near their town under the consent of the state government of Perak.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Affected residents reaction towards the pollution
Upon knowing that the state government were in part involved in the activities, around 6,700 residents from the affected town of Papan and several others from nearby towns signed a petition that was subsequently sent to various government departments, including the Perak Menteri Besar and Malaysian Prime Minister offices, the Health Ministry and the Science, Technology and Environment Ministry while 3,000 residents including women and children participated in a peaceful assembly and another 200 blocked the road to the waste disposal site.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Government responses
Nonetheless, the Malaysian Prime Minister at the time Mahathir Mohamad responded that the government had taken every precaution to ensure safety with the construction of the radioactive disposal site will be continued regardless of the protest with the Science, Technology and Environment Minister Stephen Yong Kuet Tze also denying any potential health hazards and stressing that the disposal site was safe as it was built under strict regulations, challenging the affected residents to back up their claims that the disposal site was indeed hazardous.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Government responses
Despite the conclusion gathered from international experts, the government decided to proceed with the activities where the residents later continue their protests and performed a one-day hunger strike against the government decision. In 1985, Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister Musa Hitam showed his concern by visiting the site and subsequent cabinet meeting lead by the latter was held to move the disposal site to the Kledang Range, about 5 kilometres from the town area. Following the third revelation, the federal government through a minister from the Prime Minister's Office Kasitah Gaddam said the levels were still safe despite it being more than the limit with an excuse reason such as the number of sites were very small.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Investigation and subsequent events
To prove that their claims was indeed true, the residents of Papan aided by residents from the nearby towns of Bukit Merah, Lahat, Menglembu and Taman Badri Shah formed the Bukit Merah Acting Committee. The committee was visited by a local environmentalist group Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) who measured the radiation levels at the open space and pool near the factory with a conclusion that the radiation on these places to be 88 times higher than the upper limit allowed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) with a memorandum was then submitted to the country Prime Minister.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Investigation and subsequent events
With the increasing pressure, the Malaysian government then invited a team comprising members from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to visit the factory where three international nuclear experts from Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States also found that the waste channel are totally not safe for the public. Another expert from Japan were called thereafter to gather further evidence where he found that the radiation levels were 800 times the permitted maximum level.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Investigation and subsequent events, Court case
In 1985, eight of the town residents including one who is a cancer victim bring the case to the High Court with 1,500 people from the affected area were present to hear the verdict. A temporarily stop work order was subsequently issued by the court until a satisfying safety measures being taken by the ARE company. However, in just a month after the order, the company invited an American atomic specialist to prove the factory are safe to continue their operation.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Investigation and subsequent events, Court case
This was countered with the second visit by the expert from Japan along with the revelation from two former workers of the company where they revealed further several thorium dumping sites in Bukit Merah to Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) with the Japanese expert discovered that the radiation levels at these places were significantly over the ICRP's maximum safety limit. The company then ordered by the court to stop all operation but the AELB continue to issue a license to the latter to continue their operation in 1987.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Investigation and subsequent events, Court case
With the company refusal to stop despite court order, the affected residents began to sue the company which evolve into a court battle that took 32 months and in July 1992, the residents won their case against the company with the court ordered them to close their factory within 14 days.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Investigation and subsequent events, Court case
Even with the second court order, the company continue to filed an appeal case to the Federal Court where the Ipoh High Court's decision was suspended under two reasons such as the ARE's experts were more trustworthy and asking the residents to ask the Malaysian atomic board by themselves to withdraw the company license as the board had the power to do so under the Atomic Energy Licensing Act.


1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution, Investigation and subsequent events, Court case
Without wasting further time in a long case that affecting their livelihood, several of the affected residents travel to Japan to meet up with the highest authority of Mitsubishi Chemical, one of the company major shareholders and explaining their dire situation which also being heard by Japanese environmentalists. With Mitsubishi's intervention and further international pressure, the company finally stopped their operations despite having won the court battle locally. Mitsubishi Chemical reached an out-of-court settlement with the affected residents by agreeing to donate $164,000 to the community's schools while denying any responsibility for the related illnesses from pollution caused by the ARE related works.


1982 Bulgarian Cup Final
The 1982 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 42nd final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Lokomotiv Sofia and Lokomotiv Plovdiv on 12 June 1982 at Slavi Aleksiev Stadium in Pleven. Lokomotiv Sofia won the final 2–1 after extra time.


1982 Burundian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 22 October 1982, the first since 1965. Following a constitutional referendum the year before, the country had become a one-party state with the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) as the sole legal party. The party nominated 104 candidates to contest the 52 seats in the enlarged National Assembly. Following the election, in which turnout was reported to be 95%, President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza appointed a further 13 members.


1982 Busch 500
The 1982 Busch 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on August 28, 1982, at Bristol International Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee.


1982 Busch 500, Background
Bristol International Speedway is a NASCAR short track venue located in Bristol, Tennessee. Constructed in 1960, it held its first NASCAR race on July 30, 1961. Despite its short length, Bristol is among the most popular tracks on the NASCAR schedule because of its distinct features, which include extraordinarily steep banking, an all concrete surface, two pit roads, and stadium-like seating. It has also been named one of the loudest NASCAR tracks.