1983 Plateau State gubernatorial election
The 1983 Plateau State gubernatorial election occurred on August 13, 1983. NPP candidate Solomon Lar won the election.


1983 Plateau State gubernatorial election, Results
Solomon Lar representing NPP won the election. The election held on August 13, 1983.


1983 Player's Canadian Open
The 1983 Player's International Canadian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. The men's tournament was held at the Jarry Park Stadium in Montreal in Canada and was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix while the women's tournament was held at the National Tennis Centre in Toronto in Canada and was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The men's tournament was held from August 8 through August 14, 1983, while the women's tournament was held from August 15 through August 21, 1983.


1983 Player's Canadian Open, Finals, Men's Doubles
Sandy Mayer /  Ferdi Taygan defeated  Tim Gullikson /  Tom Gullikson 6–3, 6–4


1983 Player's Canadian Open, Finals, Women's Doubles
Anne Hobbs /  Andrea Jaeger defeated  Rosalyn Fairbank /  Candy Reynolds 6–4, 5–7, 7–5


1983 Player's Canadian Open – Men's Singles
Vitas Gerulaitis was the defending champion, but lost in the third round this year.


1983 Player's Canadian Open – Men's Singles
Ivan Lendl successfully defended his title, defeating Anders Järryd 6–2, 6–2 in the final.


1983 Plymouth City Council election
The 1983 Plymouth City Council election took place on 5 May 1983 to elect members of Plymouth City Council in Devon, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The Conservative Party retained control of the council, which it had held since its creation in 1973.


1983 Polish Super Cup
The 1983  Polish SuperCup was the 1st ever Polish SuperCup (which would later be an annual Polish football match played between the reigning winners of the Ekstraklasa and Polish Cup) to be contested.


1983 Polish Super Cup
It was held on 30 July 1983 between the 1982–83 Ekstraklasa champions Lech Poznań and the 1982–83 Polish Cup winners Lechia Gdańsk at the home of the Polish Cup winners Lechia, the Stadion MOSiR in Gdańsk. Due to this being the inaugural SuperCup it was both teams first appearance in the competition.


1983 Polish Super Cup, History
The idea of a Polish SuperCup came from the annual cup competition held in England between the league champions and the FA Cup winners, with the two teams playing for the FA Community Shield. The first edition was to be held between Szombierki Bytom and Legia Warsaw with the date scheduled to be on 22 June 1980. The fixture however never took place, either due to sporting reasons or geopolitical, social and economic reasons at the time, and the implementation of a SuperCup was not tried again for three years.


1983 Polish Super Cup, History
The idea was thought of again in 1983 when third division side Lechia Gdańsk unexpectedly won the Polish Cup. Activists of Lechia pushed for the creation of the SuperCup, and with both Lechia and the Champions of Poland, Lech, both having a week available for a game before the start of the following season agreed to hold the inaugural SuperCup competition.


1983 Polish Super Cup, History
While the game was seen as an entertaining spectacle and was enjoyed by the crowd in Gdańsk, it was not until 1987 when the Polish Football Association with the help of the Gloria Victis Foundation (who helped fund the competition while the cups proceeds went to the foundation), before the SuperCup became an annual competition in Poland.


1983 Polish Super Cup, Trophy
The trophy was funded by the Katowice Daily Sport newspaper and was made by miners from the Szombierki Coal Mine out of a lump of coal. After Lechia won the trophy it was displayed in the club's conference room, due to this also being where the Pomeranian Football Association held their meetings. At some point the trophy was lost, it was not found again until 2014 in a slightly damaged condition and underwent renovation works. Currently the trophy is on display in the Lechia Museum at Stadion Gdańsk.


1983 Pontins Brean Sands
The 1983 Pontins Brean Sands Championship was a professional invitational snooker tournament which took place in May 1983 in Burnham-on-Sea, England.


1983 Pontins Brean Sands
The tournament featured six professional players. Beginning with a single group stage, four players advanced to the semi-finals. The group matches and semi-finals were contested over the best of 9 frames, and the final over the best of 17 frames. Unlike other tournaments, all 9 frames in the group stage were played even when a match had already been won.


1983 Pontins Brean Sands
Tony Meo won the event, beating Silvino Francisco 9–7 in the final.


1983 Pontins Professional
The 1983 Pontins Professional was the tenth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament which took place in May 1983 in Prestatyn, Wales.


1983 Pontins Professional
The tournament featured six professional players. Two players were eliminated in the group stage, with the other four advancing to the semi-finals. All frames were played in the group stage matches even when the result had already been decided.


1983 Pontins Professional
Doug Mountjoy won the event, beating Ray Reardon 9–7 in the final.


1983 Popayán earthquake
The 1983 Popayán earthquake (Spanish: El Terremoto de Popayán) occurred on 31 March in Popayán, Colombia. It had a magnitude of at least 5.5 with an epicenter south west of Popayán at a depth of 12–15 kilometers (7.5–9.3 mi). The earthquake killed 267 people and resulted in the passing of new laws requiring earthquake resistant building materials in zones at risk of tremors.


1983 Popayán earthquake, Background
Popayán had been founded in 1537 and was renowned for its beauty and surviving examples of architecture from the Spanish colonial period. The city had already suffered natural disasters and had been destroyed on three occasions by an earthquake and two volcanic eruptions.


1983 Popayán earthquake, Earthquake
The 1983 earthquake occurred at 08:13 on Maundy Thursday of that year. Although it lasted less than half a minute, damage to property was extensive and 267 people were killed, with a further 7,500 people injured. In total, 14,000 buildings were damaged, the majority of them in the city's historic centre. 6,885 of them suffered damage greater than 50% to the structure and a further 4,500 minor damage. 2,470 houses collapsed. Approximately $50 million of damage was caused. Serious damage was also caused to local infrastructure. The residents were left without electricity and water, communications were affected and the damage to the town's airport meant that it could only be used by helicopters and smaller planes. Many of the injured had to be airlifted to Cali, the nearest large city.


1983 Popayán earthquake, Earthquake
The quake also affected many of the neighbouring towns and regions and in Cajibio, at least ten people were killed.


1983 Popayán earthquake, Aftermath
The President of Colombia, Belisario Betancur, accompanied by other members of the government, visited the scene and attended the funerals which followed the disaster. The government responded by securing credit from the World Bank and earmarked $80 million for the city, with half of this to be used for reconstruction and the rest for economic regeneration.


1983 Popayán earthquake, Aftermath
Colombia also received assistance from other countries. The Spanish Red Cross sent material to help those injured, the Spanish government also offered assistance, while Venezuela sent a plane to provide medical assistance to the survivors and the United States sent material and medical supplies worth US$700,000.


1983 Popayán earthquake, Aftermath
Many one and two-storey buildings which were damaged had been constructed using materials which could not resist earthquakes, based on a mistaken belief that these buildings would be unaffected by any earth tremors. Consequently, the following year, the Colombian government passed a new building code (Spanish: Código Colombiano de Construcciones Sismorresistentes) into legislation which required the construction of dwellings capable of resisting earthquakes. The Colombian Seismic Network was also created, tasked with monitoring seismic changes.


1983 Porsche Classic
The 1983 Porsche Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Filderstadt, West Germany that was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The tournament was held from 24 October until 30 October 1983. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title, her second consecutive, and earned $28,000 first-prize money.


1983 Porsche Classic, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Candy Reynolds defeated  Virginia Ruzici /  Catherine Tanvier 6–2, 6–1


1983 Portuguese legislative election
The Portuguese legislative election of 1983 took place on 25 April. The election renewed all 250 members of the Assembly of the Republic.


1983 Portuguese legislative election
The last election, in October 1980 had been won by a right-wing coalition, the Democratic Alliance (AD) and Francisco Sá Carneiro had retained office as Prime Minister with an increased majority.


1983 Portuguese legislative election
However, Sá Carneiro, along with other important members of the coalition, died in an aircrash only two months after the election, on 5 December 1980. Such happenings caused a massive political instability and Francisco Pinto Balsemão, a senior official of the Social Democratic Party, the largest party in the Alliance, became Prime Minister. But Balsemão lacked support from such senior members of his party as Aníbal Cavaco Silva, and several ministers resigned.


1983 Portuguese legislative election
Moreover, the right-wing policy was criticized by the left-wing and by the trade unions, and in February 1982, the General Confederation of the Portuguese Workers, with the support of the Communists, called for a general strike that shook the government. The wave of resignations among Balsemão's ministers continued and by the end of 1982, and also influenced by the AD's bad results in the 1982 local elections, Balsemão himself also resigned. Because no one inside the Social Democratic Party accepted the office of Prime Minister, the President Ramalho Eanes dissolved the Parliament and called an election for April. Shortly after, the AD was dissolved as PSD, CDS and PPM decided to run alone.


1983 Portuguese legislative election
The election was won by the Socialist Party with 36%, and Mário Soares was nominated Prime Minister. However, the Socialists lacked a majority in the Assembly of the Republic and were forced to form a coalition with the Social Democrats, which achieved 27%, in what was called the "Central Block". Although this coalition allowed Soares to govern, several members of both parties were against it, and internal attacks led to the collapse of the coalition after less than two years.


1983 Portuguese legislative election
In the election that followed, the Communist-dominated United People Alliance lost 3 MPs and the Democratic and Social Center, after the dissolution of the Democratic Alliance, was now alone in the Parliament with 30 MPs, a loss of 16. The election marked the beginning of a process of bi-polarization of Portuguese politics.


1983 Portuguese legislative election
This was the last legislative election to be won by the Socialist Party until 1995.


1983 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system
The Assembly of the Republic has 250 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 126 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.


1983 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system
The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude. The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.


1983 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system
For these elections, and compared with the 1980 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:


1983 Portuguese legislative election, Parties
The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 2nd legislature (1980-1983) and that also contested the elections:


1983 Pot Black
The 1983 Pot Black was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which was held in the Pebble Mill Studios in Birmingham. 8 players were competing in 2 four player groups. The matches are one-frame shoot-outs in the group stages, 2 frame aggregate scores in the semi-finals and the best of 3 frames in the final.


1983 Pot Black
Broadcasts were on BBC2 and started at 21:00 on Monday 10 January 1983  Alan Weeks presented the programme with Ted Lowe as commentator and John Williams as referee.


1983 Pot Black
First time in Pot Black this year are Tony Knowles who failed to make the semi-finals and Jimmy White who managed it before losing to Steve Davis. Davis went on to win the title beating twice champion Ray Reardon 2–0 to win his second title and the fourth man to retain it.


1983 Prague Skate
The 1983 Prague Skate was held November 3–6. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing. The singles competition was organized without compulsory figures.


1983 Preakness Stakes
The 1983 Preakness Stakes was the 108th running of the $350,000 Grade 1 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 21, 1983, and was televised in the United States on the ABC television network. Deputed Testamony, who was jockeyed by Donnie A. Miller Jr., won the race by two and three quarter lengths over runner-up Desert Wine. Approximate post time was 5:42 p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a sloppy track in a final time of 1:55-2/5. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 71,768, recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events in 1983.


1983 Preseli District Council election
An election to Preseli District Council was held in May 1983. It was preceded by the 1979 election and followed by the 1987 election (the authority having changed its name). On the same day there were elections to the other local authorities and community councils in Wales.


1983 President's Cup Football Tournament
The 1983 President's Cup International Football Tournament (Korean: 제13회 대통령배 국제축구대회) was the 13th competition of Korea Cup. It was held from 4 to 17 June 1983, and was won by a Dutch club PSV Eindhoven for the first time, who defeated South Korea in the final.


1983 President's Cup Football Tournament, Controversies
In a group match of Thailand and United States, a South Korean referee who judged the match was criticized for awarding a controversal penalty to United States. Phisit, the Thai director and a vice-president of the Asian Football Confederation, seriously complained about it.


1983 President's Cup Football Tournament, Controversies
The Ghana national team tried to give up the third place play-off after they lost to South Korea in the semi-finals, where two of them were sent off with displeasure.


1983 Primera División de Chile
The 1983 Campeonato Nacional was Chilean football league top tier’s  51st season. Colo-Colo was the tournament’s champion, winning its fourteenth title. There was no relegation, in order to increase the number of teams for the next season.


1983 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional
The 1983 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional season. At the end of the regular season, the top 6 teams took part in Qualifying round, this was followed by a  final group stage. Aguila were named Champions after topping the final group stage


1983 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional, List of foreign players in the league
This is a list of foreign players in 1983 Seasons. The following players:


1983 Primera División de Fútbol Profesional, List of foreign players in the league
(player released mid season) (player Injured mid season) Injury replacement player


1983 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1983 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1983 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Princeton finished sixth in the Ivy League.


1983 Princeton Tigers football team
In their sixth year under head coach Frank Navarro, the Tigers compiled a 4–6 record but outscored opponents 285 to 277. Steven K. Stearns and Jeffrey J. Urbany were the team captains.


1983 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton's 2–5 conference record placed sixth in the Ivy League standings. The Tigers were outscored 179 to 169 by Ivy opponents.


1983 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.


1983 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 1983 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 2 October 1983. It was the 62nd running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.


1983 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The winner was All Along, a four-year-old filly trained in France by Patrick Biancone and ridden by Walter Swinburn. The filly won by a length a short neck and a nose from Sun Princess, Luth Enchantee and Time Charter in a time of 2:28.1. Fillies took the first four places in the twenty-six runner field.


1983 Prize of Moscow News
The 1983 Prize of Moscow News was the 18th edition of an international figure skating competition organized in Moscow, Soviet Union. It was held November 23–27, 1983. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing.


1983 Pro Bowl
The 1983 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 33rd annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1982 season. The game was played on Sunday, February 6, 1983, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii before a crowd of 47,207. The final score was NFC 20, AFC 19.


1983 Pro Bowl
Walt Michaels of the New York Jets led the AFC team against an NFC team coached by Dallas Cowboys head coach Tom Landry. The referee was Fred Silva.


1983 Pro Bowl
Dan Fouts of the San Diego Chargers and John Jefferson of the Green Bay Packers were named the game's Most Valuable Players. A late touchdown pass from Danny White of the Dallas Cowboys to Jefferson provided the NFC margin of victory.


1983 Pro Bowl
Players on the winning NFC team received $10,000 apiece while the AFC participants each took home $5,000 which were double the payouts of the previous year.


1983 Professional Players Tournament
The 1983 Professional Players Tournament was a professional ranking snooker tournament which took place between 3 September and 21 October 1983.


1983 Professional Players Tournament
In a change from the previous year, the event was hosted at one venue, the 600-seater Redwood Lodge in Bristol. The following year, it would be renamed as the Grand Prix.


1983 Professional Players Tournament
Joe Johnson reached the first ranking final of his four-year professional career, defeating Pascal Burke, Jimmy White, Eddie Charlton, Cliff Thorburn and Tony Meo. His opponent Tony Knowles reached his second ranking final, overcoming Paul Medati, Rex Williams, Silvino Francisco, John Campbell and Willie Thorne.


1983 Professional Players Tournament
In the final, Knowles dominated most of the match, building a 6–1 lead. Johnson then made the highest break of the tournament, a 135, in recovering to a score of 5–7 and eventually levelled the match at 8–8. Knowles won the deciding frame on the colours, to prevail 9–8.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election
The 1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election was held on June 11, 1983 in Ottawa, Ontario to elect a leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC Party). At the convention, Brian Mulroney was elected leader on the fourth ballot, defeating former Prime Minister Joe Clark.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Background
Joe Clark had been leader of the PCs after winning the 1976 leadership convention. While Clark was credited with uniting the PCs after the difficult years under the leadership of Robert Stanfield and leading the party to victory in the 1979 federal election, the opposition defeated his government over a divisive austerity budget. The Progressive Conservatives lost the subsequent 1980 federal election, and found themselves returned to opposition.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Background
After the 1980 defeat, Clark decided to stay on. At the party's 1981 convention, 33.5% of delegates voted in favour of holding a leadership convention to choose a new leader. This was generally interpreted as being a high level of discontent with Clark's leadership. Clark's internal strategy, led by his Chief of Staff Lowell Murray, was to bring dissidents into the party structure.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Background
Clark's external strategy was to change the party's longstanding strategy of obtaining large wins in English Canada and then appealing to Québec voters with the advantage of holding government to obtain a majority. Believing that the party's base was now too narrow to win government, Clark began an attempt to broaden the party to include women, multicultural communities, and nationalist Quebec voters.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Background
Though the approach began to pay some dividends, including favourable attention in Quebec after the patriation of the Canadian constitution, opponents remained prominent in the party and the national media. They could generally be divided into two groups: the first were not convinced Clark had the ability to win another election, given his personality and the unpopularity of the 1979-80 government. Others within the party maintained that Clark's outreach and moderate policy decisions were aloof from the party's grassroots, which had begun to embrace neoliberal and monetarist reforms that were being pursued in the United Kingdom and United States.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Background
At the party's national convention in Winnipeg in January 1983, the chief issue was again Clark's leadership. The issue mobilized supporters and detractors of Clark to a degree not usually seen at biennial conventions. At the convention 66.9% of the delegates voted against, and 33.1% voted for leadership review. Clark, seeing only a marginal gain in popularity among his party, decided with his advisers that he would resign as leader, and run in the convention to succeed himself. This was seen within his inner circle the only way to drown out the opposition to his leadership, as the previous attempts to reach out to opponents had left the party leadership unable to push back.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Background
After a short rebound after the patriation of the constitution, the Liberals lagged in opinion polls, with the PCs ahead at times by over 20 percentage points. While Clark would probably have thought this an advantage, it also made the leadership a much more lucrative prize than it would have been.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
Joe Clark, 44, Member of Parliament (MP) for Yellowhead, Alberta, had been the party leader since 1976 and served as prime minister from 1979 to 1980. He was supported by the more centrist elements of the party, Quebec nationalists, some Red Tories, and most of the party's Toronto-based establishment. Clark at this point was fluently bilingual and making inroads into Quebec, where support for the Tories was traditionally the weakest. Clark's efforts to broaden the party's ideological reach were generally seen as making him weaker in traditional conservative bedrocks such as Western Canada and rural Ontario.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
Brian Mulroney, 44, was a Quebec lawyer and businessman who had finished third  (behind  Clark and Claude Wagner) at the 1976 leadership convention. He was the early front-runner to replace Clark. As former head of the Iron Ore Company of Canada, Mulroney attracted much of the party's pro-business faction in Toronto and Montreal. Mulroney was generally seen as personable and capable, though his previous attempt at the leadership had cast him as superficial. Mulroney's main pitch was that as a fluently bilingual native Quebecer, he would enable the party to break the Liberal Party's stranglehold on Quebec's seats in the House of Commons.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
John Crosbie, 52, MP for St. John's West, Newfoundland, had been Clark's Minister of Finance in 1979, and known as an accomplished debater with a sense of humour. He was generally seen as the most personable candidate. He attempted to distinguish himself by adopting what he called a "continentalist" platform, with the centrepiece being free trade with the United States. His campaign was chiefly hobbled by his inability to speak French, and by a political base that was concentrated in the small province of Newfoundland. Before entering federal politics, Crosbie had been a senior provincial cabinet minister in Newfoundland.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
Michael Wilson, 46, MP for Etobicoke Centre, Ontario, was a well-respected Bay Street banker and had been Minister of State for International Trade in Clark's government. He attracted modest support within his home province of Ontario, inherited the bulk of the support in Quebec for Peter Blaikie's abortive campaign, and gained only a smattering of support from other provinces. While Tories respected his financial acumen,  he was an uninspiring speaker who struggled in French.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
David Crombie, 47, MP for Rosedale since 1978, had been a popular Mayor of Toronto prior to entering federal politics and served as Minister of Health and Welfare in Clark's cabinet. Crombie attracted moderates who opposed Clark's leadership. Crombie was the only candidate to openly identify himself as a "Red Tory".


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
Peter Pocklington, 41, was an Alberta entrepreneur best known for owning the Edmonton Oilers hockey team. He ran a campaign based on strict adherence to the principles of free enterprise, with most of his focus on a flat tax. He gained some support through the Amway retail system.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
John Gamble, 49, was the MP for York North, Ontario. He attracted a small band of supporters with a hard-line right-wing anti-Communist platform. Gamble had been an outspoken critic of Clark, and had hoped to parlay his role in Clark's downfall into a strong showing at the convention and a role in a future Progressive Conservative cabinet.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Candidates
Neil Fraser, 49, was a civil servant who had been fired for publicly opposing the conversion to the Metric system in Canada. He mounted a campaign that had few followers. Granted the same nationally televised 25 minutes as the other candidates for his convention address, Fraser engaged in a bizarre speech that likened Confederation to a blood transfusion to Quebec. Lise Bissonnette commented that if the speech had been heard on Radio-Canada, it would have set the Tories' Quebec efforts back 10 years.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign
As with prior conventions, the leadership would be chosen by a delegated convention. Each of the party's constituency associations was permitted to elect six delegates to the convention: two "youth" delegates and four regular delegates, one of which had to be female. Student associations were able to send three youth delegates each to the convention. PC members of federal and provincial parliaments were ex officio delegates, and provincial party associations were able to elect "at-large" delegates. Associations controlled their own nomination procedures, so delegate selection meetings were held sporadically throughout the country, concluding by the end of April. To win, a candidate would have to win 50% + 1 of valid delegate votes; In the event a majority was not reached, the candidate finishing last would be automatically eliminated and new ballots would be held until a majority resulted.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign
While campaigns focused on electing slates of sympathetic delegates, delegates were not bound to vote for any particular candidate once elected, and around 60% were "undecided" in the race after the elections had taken place. This meant that the primary focus of campaigning after April was to appeal to delegates and influence their preferences in later rounds.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign
Clark already had a sizable campaign team up and running by the time he called the leadership convention, as he had mobilized support to help gain delegates for the biennial convention. Mulroney and Crosbie had been laying the groundwork for a campaign for some time, with Crosbie expecting Clark to lose or resign soon, and Mulroney supportive of the anti-Clark movement.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Quebec
Quebec riding associations, which had tended to be inactive between elections, were overrun with Clark and Mulroney organizers in short order and many held votes within the first week of the campaign with set delegate slates. Clark's supporters tended to be former Union Nationale, Créditiste, and nationalist voters, while Mulroney's support came primarily from disaffected Liberals. These contests were especially fierce: voters only had to be PC members for five days before the vote was held, leading to many "five day wonders" that simply paid the $3 membership fee, with party operators receiving $10 commissions per voter.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Quebec
The lack of an age limit meant that children as young as 9 were recruited by the Clark and Mulroney camps to vote, with one 15-year-old recruiting 20 of her classmates. Most infamously, a CBC TV report showed a bus full of obviously intoxicated men from a homeless shelter travelling to vote for Mulroney in Montreal.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Quebec
The Clark and Mulroney camps roughly split the province's delegates, which was seen as a strategic victory for the Clark side after Mulroney's boast that Clark "won't have enough support in Quebec to get a bridge game."


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Davis and Lougheed
In the campaign's early months, there was speculation that Ontario Premier Bill Davis and Alberta Premier Peter Lougheed could enter the race. Both premiers commanded great respect in the party and contemporary polls stated they would have been amongst the frontrunners had they chosen to run. They had also been at opposite ends of the debates in the early 1980s about  patriation of the Canadian constitution and about the National Energy Program. The energy issue created an open feud between them during Clark's 1979-80 PC government and had significantly undermined his attempts of offering more conciliatory federal-provincial relations as a selling point of the party.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Davis and Lougheed
Clark attempted to divine Davis's intentions by making a series of public remarks, including that Davis was "regional candidate" and that he had encouraged bilingual educational reforms as an election measure. The remarks angered Davis and his "Big Blue Machine" campaign team, which began to create a national structure and solicit positive responses throughout the party hierarchy, including most PC Premiers. The day before announcing his candidacy, Premier of Saskatchewan Grant Devine called Davis, downplayed his prior support, and informed him that Lougheed would campaign explicitly against him if he ran and that he could not support his candidacy. Devine's reversal had been preceded by other warnings regarding Lougheed's intentions and Davis felt that, while he could win, to do so against Lougheed and Clark would fatally divide the party on regional lines.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Davis and Lougheed
Davis's decision left Crombie and Wilson some hope in Ontario for recruiting members of Davis's campaign team, however, it effectively dispersed to all the candidates.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Davis and Lougheed
Aside from discouraging Davis's candidacy, Lougheed declined to enter the race, but insisted on inviting leadership candidates for interviews with the Alberta PC Caucus to help determine their support, as all PC MLAs were ex officio delegates. The caucus meeting was referred to by candidates as an "inquisition" and seen as using provincial government resources for an internal party election at the federal level, though only Wilson refused to attend. Lougheed ultimately did not disclose who he voted for.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Ideological change
Media coverage emphasized the pro-business and neo-liberal rhetoric of most of the candidates as a "changing of the guard" within the PC Party from their more classical conservative and moderate elements. This allowed the Clark campaign to try cast to the race as being between a group of right-wingers, on one hand, and a centrist who had been able to defeat the Liberals and had brought a multitude of previously excluded groups into the party.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Ideological change
The Mulroney campaign responded by continuing its pro-business line, but attacking Crosbie's proposal for a free trade agreement and championing their candidate's bilingualism to find a middle ground between delegates. Crosbie's free trade proposal found a surprisingly large following with the traditionally protectionist Progressive Conservatives, even among delegates who didn't support him.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Ideological change
There was a renewed discussion in the party about Quebec. Even after the initial delegate contests, Clark continued to win over general Quebec public and intellectual opinion for his positions on constitutional reform and decentralization. The centrepiece was Clark's position that provinces opting out of constitutional amendments that affected provincial jurisdiction should receive funding for an equivalent program at the provincial level, an accommodation that Quebec premier René Lévesque had championed but had been excluded from the constitutional settlement. Mulroney opposed this, prompting Lévesque to attack Mulroney as a "mini-Trudeau." Mulroney suggested Clark was playing "footsie" with the sovereignist Parti Québécois, and at the April 30 all-candidates debate at Massey Hall in Toronto, Clark was booed repeatedly for answering some questions, including one from Gamble, in French.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, John Crosbie
John Crosbie was seen as the dark horse of the race, with some of his delegates wearing buttons that had Clark and Mulroney as fighting hares, featuring Crosbie as a tortoise sneaking by. Crosbie's personal popularity within the party attracted many talented advisors, and among the more creative moves was exploiting a loophole in the rules that "student associations" could have delegates by creating over 20 new student associations at Canadian universities and colleges. 18 associations were accepted; among those rejected was a Newfoundland Flight school.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, John Crosbie
Crosbie's campaign hit a major snag, however, when he snapped at a news reporter in Longueuil for raising his unilingualism, saying that he would still be able to understand Quebec issues, as his lack of French was similar to not speaking German or another language. While the incident could not harm Crosbie with Quebec delegates, which were already largely split between committed Clark and Mulroney slates, the outburst was seen as showing delegates who were undecided or supporting minor candidates that Crosbie's unilingualism would be an issue in the federal election and could harm the party's chances of winning.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Other campaigns
Pocklington's campaign gained ample media attention due to his high-spending lifestyle, ideological fervour, and a foiled kidnapping plot involving his wife. It was hampered by the fact that his professional hockey team, the Edmonton Oilers, were in the Stanley Cup playoffs and he insisted on taking trips to Long Island, which angered potential supporters. He was embarrassingly confronted by the Mayor of Belleville, Ontario on the convention floor for missing a scheduled meeting, and during a breakfast meeting asked Premier of Prince Edward Island Jim Lee what his job was.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The campaign, Other campaigns
Controversy erupted on May 23 when then-CBC reporter Mike Duffy reported in the beginning of May that agents of the campaigns of Mulroney and four other candidates had met to make an "ABC" (Anybody But Clark) strategy for the convention. While Mulroney denied the meeting repeatedly, threatening to sue Duffy for libel at one point, the other candidates' campaigns admitted to the meeting.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention
Due to the leak of the "ABC" meeting, it was believed that Clark would have to score very close to 50% on the first ballot in order to regain the leadership. Clark's strategy relied on a large first ballot total, featuring a good part of the Quebec delegates, that would bring delegates from the left-leaning Crombie and Clark-loyalist Wilson to his side. During Clark's speech, around half of the party's Senate and House caucus members stood on stage with him.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention
Mulroney's strategy remained mobilizing anti-Clark sentiment, which was spread fairly evenly around the other candidates, toward himself. However, over enthusiastic aides had leaked plans and negotiations with the Wilson and Crombie campaigns, and an impromptu invasion of the latter's campaign headquarters had alienated Crombie from his campaign.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention
Crosbie hoped to use his status as the least polarizing personality to attract delegates from either Mulroney or Clark if there had been a disappointing finish by either, and to attract support from minor candidates. His was generally considered the best convention speech, and it featured a section in French and a promise to become fluent in the language within two years if he won.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention
Wilson's campaign relied on an appeal to moderate Ontario delegates, who had desired a Davis candidacy, as a safe alternative to the more polarizing personalities.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention
Despite ideological differences, Pocklington, Crombie, and Wilson were all on good terms throughout the campaign, with some speculation that if either of their delegate numbers were respectable, the three candidates could mount a movement together, influencing the outcome. Pocklington, whose delegates were generally viewed as the most loyal to their candidate, predicated his support for the more ideologically similar Crosbie, Mulroney, or another candidate entirely on the likelihood of Clark's defeat after the first ballot.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, First Ballot
Gamble and Fraser's presence on the first ballot allowed the more popular candidates the opportunity to assess their delegate numbers and plan without fear of being automatically eliminated. Fraser earned the votes of just five delegates and was eliminated first. Gamble had indicated his willingness to drop out prior to the first ballot and endorse another candidate, but none was willing to meet his demand of a cabinet seat in a prospective Tory government, and the 17 delegates he earned gave him no real bargaining power after the fact. He thus dropped out and tepidly endorsed Crosbie, who also earned Fraser's endorsement.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, First Ballot
Clark's first ballot showing was considered strong, and seemed to forestall the possibility of his delegates dispersing in great numbers to other camps, which the Crombie and Crosbie campaigns had pinned their hopes on.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, First Ballot
Pocklington had a disappointing first ballot: the only advisor close to predicting his number had been pollster Michael Adams, who had jokingly guessed "99", a reference to the jersey number of Oilers' star Wayne Gretzky. The strength of Clark's showing influenced Pocklington to immediately move to Mulroney's camp on the floor and endorse him.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, First Ballot
Wilson's numbers were far below expectations: loyalists had expected more than 300 delegates. The disappointing result made his delegates the main target of the other campaigns. Wilson, visibly shaken by the result, withdrew and endorsed Mulroney after prodding from Pocklington. Crombie remained on the ballot.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, Second Ballot
Clark's vote numbers stalled the second ballot, and Mulroney pulled closer, gaining about half of the support of Pocklington and Wilson delegates;  Crosbie gained 140 delegates despite only being endorsed by Fraser and Gamble.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, Second Ballot
Crombie was eliminated. While ideologically in tune with Clark, Crombie and many of his advisors felt cast aside during Clark's leadership, and he endorsed Crosbie, to the great disappointment of the Clark campaign.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, Second Ballot
Clark's inability to gain any support from the delegates of the defeated candidates was generally seen as the death knell of his candidacy and leadership. Crosbie's campaign, knowing that most of the support they required would have to come from Clark delegates, pleaded with Clark to drop out, stating that their delegates preferred Mulroney to Clark 2:1 and that this was the only way to stop Mulroney. During the live television broadcast, Newfoundland Premier Brian Peckford was shown attempting to persuade Clark to drop out and endorse Crosbie to head off a Mulroney victory. Clark and his advisors, however, viewed that such a move would be viewed as personally humiliating and damaging to his previous attempts to recruit Quebec voters to the party.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, Third and Fourth Ballots
Crosbie finished last on the third ballot and, while he preferred Mulroney, he declined to endorse a candidate out of deference to Clark, who had appointed him Finance Minister four years before. When Clark advisor Finlay MacDonald spoke to Crosbie and his campaign team and began with "For the sake of the party," Jean Pigott, a noted moderate, bluntly told him that she couldn't support Clark after what he had put the party through, silencing the room and prompting MacDonald's exit.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, Third and Fourth Ballots
The conventional wisdom was that his delegates would break at least 2:1 in favour of Mulroney over Clark. The conventional wisdom played out, and Mulroney was elected on the fourth ballot and declared the winner.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, Third and Fourth Ballots
A poll of delegates on the final ballot showed that Mulroney had won a bare majority of Clark's home province of Alberta, and that Clark had won a bare majority in Mulroney's home province of Quebec. Mulroney's strong showing amongst Ontario delegates (65% to 34%) seemed to account for most of his margin of victory.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, The convention, Third and Fourth Ballots
Political commentators have said that of the other possible two-man ballots among the frontrunners, Clark would probably have had the advantage over Crosbie (because Crosbie could not speak French), while Crosbie could possibly have defeated Mulroney (due to the general "Anyone but Mulroney" sentiment of the Clark delegates).


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Aftermath
The two party conventions in 1983 were a divisive experience for the PC Party as they set those loyal to the party's leader against those who believed that change was necessary for the party to win, a struggle the party had been infamous for since the era of John Diefenbaker in the 1960s. The general consensus was that Mulroney had become the choice of delegates due to his perceived ability to return the party to government, rather than the ideological or personal attachments that Clark and Crosbie's candidacies inspired.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Aftermath
Mulroney won a massive victory in the 1984 election. Crosbie, Clark, Wilson, and Crombie gained prominent cabinet positions in Mulroney's government, which adopted Crosbie's continentalist platform (resulting in the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement) and many of Clark's overtures to Quebec, parts of which were included in the Meech Lake Accord. Pocklington also briefly acted as an economic advisor to Mulroney's government, though soon withdrew from politics in order to focus on his business interests.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Aftermath
In sharp contrast, Gamble lost his seat at the election, and was later expelled from the party in 1988 after running as an independent against the official PC candidate in Markham. To the surprise of many in the media, the party's caucus remained united throughout Mulroney's tenure, even after dismal poll numbers, constitutional talks, and the formation of the Reform Party and the Bloc Québécois in the late 1980s and early 1990s.


1983 Progressive Conservative leadership election, Aftermath
Clark won the leadership of the party again in 1998, and retired as leader in 2002 and as an MP in 2004.


1983 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1983 Purdue Boilermakers football team represented Purdue University during the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1983 Quebec municipal elections
Several municipalities in the Canadian province of Quebec held municipal elections on November 6, 1983, to elect mayors and councillors.


1983 Quebec municipal elections, Results, Gatineau
Source: Jack Aubry, "Ex-mayor's 'victory' short-lived," Ottawa Citizen, 2 November 1987, A1.


1983 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)
The 1983 Queen's Birthday Honours for Australia were announced on Monday 13 June 1983 by the office of the Governor-General.


1983 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)
The Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June.


1983 Queen's Grand Prix
The 1983 Queen's Grand Prix was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The tournament was held from 12 September through 18 September 1983. Unseeded Lisa Bonder won the singles title and earned $40,000 first-prize money as well as 100 Virginia Slims ranking points.


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England
The 1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England was a tour that took place in two parts. In June 1983 the Queensland team took in a one-week tour of Papua New Guinea, then following the end of the 1983 Brisbane Rugby League season, the team embarked on a 3-game, 2 week tour of England in October.


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, Leadership
The team was coached by Arthur Beetson and was captained by Wally Lewis.


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, Touring squad
Chris Phelan who played for the 1983 Sydney premiers Parramatta was the only non-Queensland based player in the 21 man touring squad.


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, England
Hull KR: George Fairbairn (c), Garry Clark, Mike Smith, John Dorahy, Gary Prohm, Steve Hartley, Gordon Smith, Roy Holdstock, David Watkinson, Mark Broadhurst, Phil Hogan, Chris Burton, David Hall. Res – David Laws, Andy Kelly, Tracy Lazenby. Coach – Roger Millward


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, England
Queensland: Colin Scott, Steve Stacey, Gene Miles, Brett French, Mitch Brennan, Wally Lewis (c), Mark Murray, Paul Khan, Shane Bernardin, Brad Tessmann, Bryan Neibling, Chris Phelan, Wally Fullerton-Smith. Res – Joe Kilroy, Wayne Lindenberg, Trevor Paterson, Gavin Jones


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, England
Wigan: Colin Whitfield, Ronnie Braithwaite, David Stephenson, Tim Wilby, Henderson Gill, David Wood, Jimmy Fairhurst, Kerry Hemsley, Howie Tamati, Brian Case, Danny Campbell, Graeme West (c), John Pendlebury. Res – Shaun Wane, Mick Scott, Brian Dunn. Coach – Alex Murphy


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, England
Queensland: Joe Kilroy, Brett French, Gene Miles, Wally Lewis (c), Mitch Brennan, Wayne Lindenberg, Larry Briggenshaw, Greg Dowling, Shane McNally, Chris Phelan, Gavin Jones, Cavill Heugh, Trevor Paterson


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, England
Leeds: Ian Wilkinson, Paul Prendiville, David Creasser, Steve Martin, Andrew Smith, John Holmes, Kevin Dick, Ron Dickinson, Russ Sowden, Keith Rayne, Kevin Rayne, Kevin Squire, David Herron. Res – David Heselwood, Colin Cooper, Garry Clark Kevin James. Coach – Robin Dewhurst


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, England
Queensland: Joe Kilroy, Brett French, Gene Miles, Mitch Brennan, Colin Scott, Wally Lewis (c), Mark Murray, Greg Dowling, Shane McNally, Shane Bernardin, Chris Phelan, Bryan Neibling, Wally Fullerton-Smith. Res – Gavin Jones, Cavill Heugh, Larry Briggenshaw


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, Aftermath
As had happened at the end of the unbeaten 1982 Kangaroo tour (which Wally Lewis, Gene Miles and Mark Murray had all been a part of with Lewis the Kangaroos vice-captain), a number of the Queensland players were targeted by cashed-up English clubs.


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, Aftermath
Wally Lewis, despite feeling jaded due to not having a break from the game since the end of the 1981 BRL season, accepted a £30,000 offer to join Wakefield Trinity for 10 games before returning to Australia for the start of the 1984 BRL season where he would move from his junior club Fortitude Valley Diehards to join the Wynnum Manly Seagulls.


1983 Queensland rugby league tour of Papua New Guinea and England, Aftermath
Greg Dowling would join Wigan for a season in 1985–86 season. Wally Fullerton Smith joined Leeds for the 1984–85 season. Joe Kilroy joined Halifax and Chris Phelan joined Oldham.


1983 Queensland state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 22 October 1983 to elect the 82 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1983 Queensland state election
The election resulted in a sixth consecutive term of office for the National Party under Joh Bjelke-Petersen. It was the tenth election win for the National Party in Queensland since it first came to office in 1957.


1983 Queensland state election, Background
The election was triggered when a number of Liberal MLAs, including Welfare Services Minister Terry White, crossed the floor of the Parliament in order to support a Labor motion to create an Expenditure Review Committee. White was sacked from cabinet for supporting the motion. In response, he launched a party-room coup against Liberal leader and deputy premier Llewellyn Edwards and became Liberal leader with Angus Innes as his deputy.


1983 Queensland state election, Background
In the normal course of events, White would have succeeded Edwards as deputy premier. However, White and Innes' progressive leanings didn't sit well with Bjelke-Petersen, and he refused to make White deputy premier. In response, White tore up the Coalition agreement and led the Liberals to the crossbench. However, Bjelke-Petersen prorogued Parliament ahead of the election, allowing him to govern for nine weeks without fear of being toppled on the floor of the legislature.


1983 Queensland state election, Background
Labor, under the leadership of new leader Keith Wright, hoped to make use of the division between the conservative parties to make gains, while the Liberals hoped to win enough seats to force the Nationals back into Coalition under more favourable terms. The Nationals sought to gain enough seats to form a majority government in their own right. Indeed, Bjelke-Petersen directed his campaign mainly at right-leaning Liberal voters, suggesting that the alternative was a Labor government propped up by White's Liberals.


1983 Queensland state election, Results
The Nationals were returned to office, one seat short of a majority. Labor also made gains, although not enough to challenge Bjelke-Petersen's continued dominance. The Liberals were decimated, falling from 22 seats to a rump of eight seats. Of the Liberals who crossed the floor, only White and Innes were reelected.


1983 Queensland state election, Results
Queensland state election, 22 October 1983Legislative Assembly << 1980–1986 >>


1983 Queensland state election, Aftermath
After the election, Bjelke-Petersen openly invited Liberal MLAs to defect to the Nationals. On 25 October, two Liberal MLAs, Brian Austin (Wavell) and Don Lane (Merthyr) took up Bjelke-Petersen's offer and joined the Nationals. This gave them 43 seats, a majority of two—the first time that the Nationals had governed in majority at any level in Australia.


1983 Queensland state election, Aftermath
This left only six Liberals, and marked the end of Terry White's leadership and Angus Innes' deputy leadership. Former leader Sir William Knox (Nundah) was returned to lead what remained of the party.


1983 Queensland state election, Aftermath
Labor had performed well, but not well enough, especially in North Queensland. Still, Labor strategists hoped that they had recovered enough seats to put them within striking distance of winning in 1986.


1983 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards
The 1983 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards (Chinese: 1983年度十大中文金曲得獎) was held in 1983 for the 1982 music season.


1983 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards, Top 10 song awards
The top 10 songs (十大中文金曲) of 1983 are as follows.


1983 Race of Champions
The 1983 Race of Champions was a non-championship Formula One race held at Brands Hatch on 10 April 1983. Contested over 40 laps, it was the final non-championship F1 race to be held in the sport's history (with exception of the Formula One Indoor Trophy sprint event held between 1988 to 1996). Reigning World Champion Keke Rosberg won in a Williams-Ford, narrowly beating the Tyrrell-Ford of F1 rookie Danny Sullivan, while 1980 World Champion Alan Jones was third in an Arrows-Ford.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Entry
Only thirteen cars were entered for the event, compared with the maximum grid of 26 starters which took part in the World Championship Grands Prix of 1983. The teams who did not attend, or only sent one of their two cars, were at a scheduled Formula One tyre test at the Paul Ricard Circuit in the south of France in preparation for the French Grand Prix which was held at the same circuit just one week later.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Entry
There were two drivers present who did not take part in that year's championship: Brian Henton, who drove a Theodore, and Héctor Rebaque, who drove a Brabham. The Spirit team also made its F1 debut at the event with Swedish driver Stefan Johansson and Honda's first turbo-charged F1 engine, which BBC commentator Murray Walker claimed had completed thousands of miles of trouble free testing. Tyrrell fronted with only one driver. Michele Alboreto was scheduled to race, but it clashed with his drive for Lancia in the opening round of the World Endurance Championship at Monza.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Entry
Instead his rookie teammate, 32-year-old American Danny Sullivan, was given the opportunity to get more miles under race conditions having only completed in the previous two Grands Prix in Brazil and  Long Beach. McLaren fronted with a car for John Watson, fresh from his victory in Long Beach just two weeks earlier. Arrows fronted with two cars, one for 1980 World Champion Alan Jones in his second (and final) drive for the team after making a comeback to F1 at Long Beach, and team driver Chico Serra.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Entry
Eleven teams took part, but only Arrows and Theodore entered more than one car. Brabham elected not to use either of its regular drivers Nelson Piquet or Riccardo Patrese, hence Rebaque's presence (he had previously driven for the team in 1981). Like Alboreto, Patrese was driving for Lancia at Monza, while Piquet was advertised to be driving but was actually at the scheduled tyre test at Paul Ricard, so Brabham fronted with Rebaque instead.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Entry
This drew criticism from Murray Walker's co-commentator, 1976 World Champion James Hunt, who questioned why Brabham couldn't have put an up-and-coming British driver in the car for what really was a British domestic race. Williams fronted with one car for the reigning World Champion Keke Rosberg.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Entry
The Williams race team was actually at Paul Ricard and Rosberg's car (the team's test car) was tended to by the team's test crew who were given the job by team boss Frank Williams as a reward for their hard work in developing the now flat bottomed Williams FW08C. Lotus used the event as an opportunity to familiarise Nigel Mansell with the Lotus 93T and its turbocharged Renault engine it had so far limited to the team's lead driver Elio de Angelis. Of the thirteen cars, four were turbos including the Ferrari of René Arnoux, although with the Lotus-Renault still new, Brabham without a regular driver and the Spirit-Honda on debut, only Arnoux was rated a chance of victory among the turbos.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Qualifying
Keke Rosberg took pole position in his Cosworth powered Williams, replicating the result at the previous year's British Grand Prix, also held at Brands Hatch, though without the ground effect his pole time of 1:15.766 was significantly slower than his 1982 pole time of 1:09.540. René Arnoux was less than one tenth of a second behind in his Ferrari turbo, and Alan Jones took an encouraging third place in his continuing comeback from retirement with Arrows.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Qualifying
Behind John Watson's McLaren-Ford, Sullivan qualified in fifth place despite suffering from jet lag, as he had only arrived in the United Kingdom from the United States the day before the track action began. The two Theodore drivers proved evenly matched in sixth and seventh, with Henton outpacing regular driver Roberto Guerrero. Mansell qualified eighth with his first taste of a turbo engine in competitive conditions; he was followed by Raul Boesel in the Ligier, Rebaque's Brabham and Chico Serra in the other Arrows.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Qualifying
Johansson set the second-fastest time in un-timed practice with a time that would have actually placed him 3rd on the grid, but suffered reliability problems in qualifying proper, restricting him to a single lap and 12th place on the grid in a difficult début for the Spirit team, but he still lined up ahead of Jean-Louis Schlesser, who failed to record a lap time for RAM March. The Spirit Honda again proved its speed in the race morning warm-up where Johansson reportedly was among the quickest on the circuit with times within one second of Arnoux's turbocharged Ferrari.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Race
Rosberg and Arnoux held their grid positions off the line, but Sullivan rose to third place after being given a nudge under braking for the first corner, the extra momentum forcing him into overtaking Jones around the outside instead of hitting him. Arnoux used the estimated 650 bhp (485 kW; 659 PS) available from his Ferrari 126C2B to blast past Rosberg on the straight at Pilgrims Drop on the first lap, but tyre trouble prevented him from pulling away. Johansson was the first retirement after four laps, the new Honda engine failing on its F1 début. Johansson had made a good start and had passed four cars before the Honda engine started to smoke going into Dingle Dell on lap 4 while chasing Rebaque. After a quiet first start with turbo power, Nigel Mansell ended his race with handling difficulties two laps later.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Race
On lap seven, Arnoux, who had been passed for the lead by Rosberg going into Surtees, pitted for new tyres, his Ferrari wearing its rubber extremely quickly despite cool ambient temperatures (Arnoux also had major tyre troubles in practice and was lucky not to damage the car after blowing a rear tyre at speed on the run to Clearways).


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Race
By lap 23 and two further stops, his team had no further sets of tyres and he was forced to retire with camshaft trouble, although he had set the fastest lap of the race as consolation, though his lap of 1:17.826 in the flat bottomed Ferrari was 5.458 seconds shy of Didier Pironi's lap record of 1:12.368 set at the 1980 British Grand Prix in a ground effects Ligier-Ford. Watson retired with a bad driveline vibration, while Rebaque retired with tyre and suspension failure in a car he wasn't totally comfortable with. In commentary, Murray Walker claimed that Rebaque looked at sea in the powerful Brabham-BMW, despite his recent experience in racing cars at the ultra-fast Indianapolis Motor Speedway and other oval speedways in the American-based CART series. Serra's car broke its gear linkage also retired from the race.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Race
At around half-distance of the forty-lap race, Rosberg also began to suffer from tyre wear, particularly blistering to his left-rear. Sullivan was using a softer-compound set of tyres, but had "scrubbed" them in the pre-race warm-up and had no such problems. For the final fifteen laps, he was right behind Rosberg, but never managed to overtake the Williams.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Race
Despite running side by side at places on the last lap, Rosberg held on to win from Sullivan, with Jones (still with two pins in his hip after breaking it falling off a horse on his farm in Australia) half a minute behind in third. Henton, Boesel, and the lapped Schlesser and Guerrero completed the finishers.


1983 Race of Champions, Report, Race
Rosberg would later add the championship Monaco Grand Prix to his victory haul in 1983, but the other finishers would not approach their results at this race in any other F1 Grand Prix in 1983. As the World Championship had become ever-more important in the increasingly commercial world of Formula One, the 1983 Race of Champions remains the final non-championship race to have been held in the sport's history, with exception of the Formula One Indoor Trophy sprint event held between 1988 to 1996.


1983 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1983 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 57th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 6 February 1983 and ended on 17 March 1983.


1983 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1983, Connacht won the cup after a 0-10 to 1-05 defeat of Leinster in the final at Breffni Park. This was their fourth Railway Cup title overall and their second title in succession.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash
The 1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash happened on 22 May 1983, in connection with an air show at the Rhein-Main Air Base. A Canadian Armed Forces Canadair CF-104 Starfighter crashed on a nearby highway, killing six.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Background
Pentecost is an extended holiday weekend in Germany in a row of three holiday weekends, with a lot of festival activities taking place. On 22 May 1983 in Frankfurt, the traditional "Wäldchestag" (forest day, albeit written in local dialect) drew people from the city into a forest area where a mobile fun park was erected. The tennis club near the soccer stadium Waldstadion held a tennis tournament and the Rhein-Main Air Base held a public open day air show. Part of the presentation was a display of formation aerobatics by Canadian Armed Forces Canadair CF-104 Starfighters (CF-104) from CFB Baden–Soellingen (Baden).


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Crash
Five CF-104s from 439 (Sabre-Toothed Tiger) Squadron CAF (439 Sqn) performed formation aerobatics. One of the aircraft left the formation, flew several kilometers North-East and crashed near the Waldstadion onto federal road 44.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Crash
The pilot was able to eject safely, but burning pieces of the airplane hit the car of Pastor Jürges and his family, who were on their way to the Odenwald mountains for a day-trip. The family, Pastor Martin Jürges (40), his wife Irmtraud (38), his mother Erna (77) and his children Jan (11) and Katharina (11 months) died at the scene of the accident. Jürges’ 19-year old niece Gesine Wagner managed to escape from the car, but was caught by the fireball of the exploding jet and burned extensively, dying on 11 August 1983, 81 days after the accident.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Investigation
Due to the NATO status of forces agreement the accident was investigated by the Canadian Department of National Defence. The state prosecutor in Frankfurt started, according to the rules, a cause of death investigation, but its investigation solely relied on the results of the Canadian investigation. Officially the results were only passed to the German state prosecutor as a press release, stating briefly that "neither technical failure nor human error" can be exempt as the cause of the accident. An investigation by the Hessischer Rundfunk in 2003 showed that although the leading state prosecutor had authority to question the pilot, he acceded to the Canadian accident report.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Aftermath
It was soon realized that the crash could have caused many more fatal casualties, as the ongoing tennis tournament as well as the fun fair in the forest was just a few hundred meters from the crash site. As a result, the German defense ministry prohibited at first in general air shows in metropolitan areas which was later changed to prohibit air shows with jet airplanes in metropolitan areas.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Aftermath
During the 81 days in hospital Gesine dictated letters to her family and friends, which her parents published as a book.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Aftermath
In 2003, hr-fernsehen broadcast a documentary about the accident. According to the documentary, the owners of damaged cars were compensated fairly quickly after the accident. The parents of Gesine Wagner did not receive any support from officials while Gesine was in hospital or any condolences or compensation after her death.


1983 Rhein-Main Starfighter crash, Aftermath
A square in the Frankfurt district of Gutleutviertel – where Martin Jürges was pastor – is named after the Jürges family. A plaque commemorates the accident on May 22, 1983.


1983 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
The Rhineland-Palatinate state election, 1983 was conducted on 6 March 1983 to elect members to the Landtag, the state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany.


1983 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
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1983 Rhode Island Rams football team
The 1983 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island in the Yankee Conference during the 1983 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their eighth season under head coach Bob Griffin, the Rams compiled a 6–4 record (2–3 against conference opponents) and tied for fourth out of six teams in the conference.


1983 Rice Owls football team
The 1983 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University in the Southwest Conference during the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their sixth year under head coach Ray Alborn, the team compiled a 1–10 record.


1983 Ridgewood Open
The 1983 Ridgewood Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Ridgewood, New Jersey in the United States that was part of the Ginny Circuit of the 1983 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The tournament was held from February 21 through February 28, 1983. Third-seeded Alycia Moulton won the singles title.


1983 Ridgewood Open, Finals, Doubles
Beverly Mould /  Elizabeth Sayers defeated  Rosalyn Fairbank /  Susan Leo 7–6, 4–6, 7–5


1983 Ridgewood Open – Doubles
Beverly Mould and Elizabeth Sayers won in the final 7–6, 4–6, 7–5 against Rosalyn Fairbank and Susan Leo.


1983 Ridgewood Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1983 Ridgewood Open – Singles
Alycia Moulton won in the final 6–4, 6–2 against Catrin Jexell.


1983 Ridgewood Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1983 Riojan regional election
The 1983 Riojan regional election was held on Sunday, 8 May 1983, to elect the 1st General Deputation of the autonomous community of La Rioja. All 35 seats in the General Deputation were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.


1983 Riojan regional election
La Rioja became an autonomous community on July 1982 after the coming into force of its Statute of Autonomy. Previous to the 1982 Spanish general election the new regional government was controlled by the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) after most of its members had split up from the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD). After losing their parliamentary seats as a result of the general election, many members including the regional president Luis Javier Rodríguez Moroy were forced to stand down over compatibility issues.


1983 Riojan regional election
Failure in negotiations for electing Rodríguez Moroy's successor until the 1983 local and regional elections delayed a new appointment until January 1983, when an agreement between the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Rodríguez Moroy's newly created Progressive Riojan Party (PRP) resulted in PSOE's Antonio Rodríguez Basulto being provisionally elected to the post.


1983 Riojan regional election
The PSOE secured an absolute majority of seats in the regional election, allowing their candidate José María de Miguel to be elected as president of a majority government, the only time to date in which the party has achieved this in a Riojan regional election. The People's Coalition, an electoral alliance led by the People's Alliance (AP) and including the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and the Liberal Union (UL) emerged as the second largest grouping in the General Deputation, while the PRP came third by securing 7.5% of the share and two seats. Neither the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) nor the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), the only other parties standing in the election, were able to meet the electoral threshold for securing parliamentary representation.


1983 Riojan regional election, Overview, Electoral system
The General Deputation of La Rioja was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of La Rioja, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Riojan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.


1983 Riojan regional election, Overview, Electoral system
Transitory Provision Fifth of the Statute established a specific electoral procedure for the first election to the General Deputation of La Rioja, to be supplemented by the provisions within Royal Decree-Law 20/1977, of 18 March, and its related regulations. Voting for the General Deputation was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in La Rioja and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 35 members of the General Deputation of La Rioja were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally.


1983 Riojan regional election, Overview, Election date
The Provisional Deputation of La Rioja, in agreement with the Government of Spain, was required to call an election to the General Deputation of La Rioja within from 1 February to 31 May 1983. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the General Deputation was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.


1983 Riojan regional election, Parliamentary composition
The first election to the General Deputation of La Rioja was officially called on 10 March 1983, after the publication of the election decree in the Official State Gazette, with the mandate of the provisional Deputation ending on 8 May. The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Provisional Deputation at the time of its expiry.


1983 Riojan regional election, Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within fifteen days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one-thousandth of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election—with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.


1983 Riojan regional election, Parties and candidates
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:


1983 Riojan regional election, Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 18 seats were required for an absolute majority in the General Deputation of La Rioja.


1983 Rivers State gubernatorial election
The 1983 Rivers State gubernatorial election occurred on August 13, 1983. NPN candidate Melford Okilo won the election.


1983 Rivers State gubernatorial election, Results
Melford Okilo representing NPN won the election. The election held on August 13, 1983.


1983 Riverstone state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Riverstone on 22 October 1983. It was triggered by the resignation of Tony Johnson (Labor).


1983 Riverstone state by-election
The Riverstone by-election was held the same day as the by-elections for Kogarah, Maroubra and Marrickville. All were safe Labor seats and while there was a swing against Labor in each seat (7.2% to 11.8%), all were retained by Labor.


1983 Roger Gallet Cup
The 1983 Roger Gallet Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Florence, Italy that was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was played from 9 May until 15 May 1983. Second-seeded Jimmy Arias won the singles title.


1983 Roger Gallet Cup, Finals, Doubles
Francisco González /  Víctor Pecci defeated  Dominique Bedel /  Bernard Fritz 4–6, 6–4, 7–6


1983 Rose Bowl
The 1983 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game, played on January 1, 1983. It was the 69th Rose Bowl Game. The UCLA Bruins defeated the Michigan Wolverines by a score of 24–14, in a bowl rematch of a regular season game, also won by UCLA. Tom Ramsey, UCLA quarterback and Don Rogers, UCLA defensive back, were named the Players Of The Game. This was the first season that the UCLA Bruins played in the Rose Bowl stadium as their home stadium, where they were undefeated.


1983 Rose Bowl
This was the second consecutive Rose Bowl win for the Pac-10, with eight wins in the last nine.


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams
This game was the third meeting between the UCLA Bruins and the Michigan Wolverines in a 366-day span. They met on December 31, 1981, in the Bluebonnet Bowl. Michigan won that game 33–14, which was the first Big Ten/Pac-10 bowl meeting outside the Rose Bowl. As such, it was labeled the "mini Rose Bowl."


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams
During the regular season on September 25, UCLA played the Wolverines at Michigan Stadium. Quarterback Steve Smith's six-yard run gave Michigan a 14–0 lead and after the Wolverines blocked a Bruin punt and took possession on the UCLA seven, Smith's five-yard pass to Anthony Carter made the score 21–0 with 12:57 remaining in the second quarter.


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams
The Bruins scored two touchdowns and were behind 21–14 at the half in the game at Ann Arbor with one second left to play. The Bruin players headed for the locker room. They had to come back out because Michigan head coach Bo Schembechler had called a time-out with one second left. Ali Haji-Sheikh kicked a 47-yard field goal to increase Michigan's lead to 24–14. When UCLA coach Terry Donahue began to argue with the referees, Schembechler reportedly ran past and screamed, "That's three more points, Terry!"


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams
In the second half, the Bruins topped off their greatest point deficit comeback in their history. The Bruins put 17 more points in the second half, while allowing Michigan just one more field goal. An interception by Don Rogers on the second play of the second half gave the Bruins the ball on the Michigan 22-yard line for their first possession of the half. Quarterback Tom Ramsey connected on a six-yard touchdown pass to JoJo Townsell to make it 24–21. Another Michigan field goal pushed the UM advantage up to 27–21 with 4:32 remaining in the third quarter.


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams
Dokie Williams returned the ensuing kickoff 65 yards and the Bruins took it in from there on a two-yard run by Kevin Nelson. John Lee's extra point put the Bruins in the lead at 28–27 with 2:50 to play in the third quarter. UCLA won 31-27, overcoming a 21–0 deficit, in what stood as one of the greatest comebacks in Bruin football history until the 2005 Sun Bowl.


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams, Michigan Wolverines
Michigan started the season 1–2, losing 23–17 at Notre Dame, and losing at home to UCLA 31–27. The Wolverines did not lose again until the final regular season game, falling at rival Ohio State 24–14 after having already clinched the Big Ten title and a Rose Bowl berth.


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams, UCLA Bruins
The Rose Bowl in Pasadena became UCLA's home stadium this season, after decades at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Head coach Terry Donahue made a promise that UCLA would end their season in the Rose Bowl game. UCLA opened with 4 straight wins, was tied by Arizona 24–24, then won another three games before a seemingly crushing loss at Washington 10–7. That game gave the Huskies the Pac-10 lead and inside track to the Rose Bowl. UCLA recovered to sneak by John Elway and Stanford 38–35, and went into their game with rival USC needing to beat the Trojans, have fifth-ranked Washington lose at struggling Washington State, AND #8 Arizona State lose at Arizona.


1983 Rose Bowl, Teams, UCLA Bruins
On November 20, the improbable happened. The Bruins beat the Trojans 20–19, when after USC scored a touchdown on the final play of the game, Karl Morgan sacked Scott Tinsley on the two-point conversion attempt to preserve the win. That same day, Washington was upset 24–20 by Washington State in Pullman. The story of the day that overshadowed these circumstances however, was The Play, with Cal defeating Stanford in the Big Game. One week later, Arizona knocked off Arizona State 28–18 and the Bruins were in the Rose Bowl.


1983 Rose Bowl, Game summary
Using a balanced attack led by QB Tom Ramsey, UCLA took a 10–0 lead in the second quarter. In addition, a hard hit by UCLA defensive back Don Rogers separated Michigan QB Steve Smith's shoulder and knocked him out of the game. But backup David Hall got the Wolverines on the board in the third quarter, making the score 10–7. The key drive was early in the third quarter when Tom Ramsey completed seven straight passes, converted numerous 3rd downs, and led UCLA on a brilliant time consuming drive that was capped by Danny Andrews' 9-yard touchdown run to make the score 17–7.


1983 Rose Bowl, Game summary
In the fourth quarter, UCLA got an interception inside the Michigan 20-yard line and scored again for an insurmountable 24–7 lead. Michigan got one last late touchdown for the final score of 24–14. UCLA played a nearly flawless game, with no turnovers and no penalties until taking an intentional delay of game penalty while running out the clock. In the post-game interview it was noted that UCLA was able to neutralize Anthony Carter. Terry Donahue remarked that the loss of Steve Smith was a contributing factor.


1983 Rose Bowl, Aftermath
Don Rogers would set an interception record in next year's game, as UCLA repeated as champions. UCLA under Donahue and Michigan under Schembechler met once more, during the 1989 regular season at the Rose Bowl. On September 23, 1989, #5 ranked Michigan defeated #24 ranked UCLA 24–23. This was the first victory of a ten-game winning streak that propelled the Wolverines to the 1990 Rose Bowl.


1983 Royal Artillery Barracks bombing
On 10 December 1983 a bomb exploded at the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, South East London. The explosion injured five people and caused minor damage to the building. The bomb exploded in a guard room, leaving a crater 15 feet (4.6 m) deep. A Christmas party was underway in the Sergeants' Mess, around 300 yards (270 m) away, when the bomb exploded. The Scottish National Liberation Army claimed responsibility for the bombing, stating that "more will follow", although Scotland Yard believed that the IRA were behind the attack. The IRA later admitted responsibility for the attack.


1983 Royal Artillery Barracks bombing
In November 1974 a pub close to the barracks which was popular with local soldiers was bombed by the IRA in which a soldier and a barman were killed and over 30 people were injured. In May 2013 a soldier from the barracks was murdered just outside the base.


1983 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team
The 1983 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their 11th and final season under head coach Frank R. Burns, the Scarlet Knights compiled a 3–8 record while competing as an independent and were outscored by their opponents 258 to 195. The team's statistical leaders included Jacque LaPrarie with 1,275 passing yards, Albert Smith with 572 rushing yards, and Andrew Baker with 857 receiving yards.


1983 Rwandan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Rwanda on 26 December 1983. Although the previous elections had only been held two years beforehand, the term of that parliament was deemed to have begun in January 1979, so its five-year mandate was due to end. At the time the country was still a one-party state, with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development as the sole legal party. The National Development Council was enlarged from 64 to 70 seats; for each of the 10 constituencies, there were the equivalent of two candidates for each seat. Seventeen MPs lost their seats to challengers.


1983 Rwandan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Rwanda on 19 December 1983. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development (MRND) the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent President Juvénal Habyarimana, who had taken power in the 1973 coup d'état, was the only candidate. The results showed 99.97% of votes in favour of his candidacy.


1983 Ryder Cup
The 25th Ryder Cup Matches were held October 14–16, 1983 at the PGA National Golf Club in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The United States team won the competition by a score of 141⁄2 to 131⁄2 points, the closest Ryder Cup since the tie in 1969. In their third competition with players from the continent, Europe showed the ability to realistically challenge the Americans. This was the first of four occasions that Tony Jacklin was the European captain and the sole occasion that his side lost.


1983 Ryder Cup
Entering the singles matches on Sunday, the competition was even at 8 points each. Jacklin put his best players out early, while U.S. captain Jack Nicklaus saved his for last. In the first match, Seve Ballesteros was 3 up at the turn but needed an outstanding 3-wood from a fairway bunker on the final hole to salvage par and force a half with Fuzzy Zoeller.


1983 Ryder Cup
With ten matches complete and the score at 13 points each, the outcome depended on the two singles matches remaining on the course, between José María Cañizares and Lanny Wadkins and Bernard Gallacher and Tom Watson. The U.S. victory is generally accredited to Wadkins, who hit a wedge to less than three feet (0.9 m) on the par-5 18th hole to win the hole with a birdie and halve his match against Canizares. Gallacher had trailed all day, but Watson bogeyed 16 and was only 1 up with two holes to play. He had another bogey at the par-3 17th, but Gallacher's three-foot putt  for bogey missed and ended the match at 2 & 1 and gave the U.S. the winning point.


1983 Ryder Cup
This was the 13th consecutive win at home for the U.S. team, but they would have to wait until the 2021 Ryder Cup to post consecutive home victories. It was also the last victory for the U.S. in the Ryder Cup for eight years, until 1991.


1983 Ryder Cup, Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format in 1983 was as follows:


1983 Ryder Cup, Format
With a total of 28 points, 141⁄2 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.


1983 Ryder Cup, Teams
The American qualification rules remained unchanged from 1981 with 11 of the team being selected from a points list. The final place in the team was allocated to the winner of the 1983 PGA Championship (which finished on August 7), provided he was not in the top 11, in which case the 12th player in the points list would qualify.


1983 Ryder Cup, Teams
Qualification based on the points list finished after the Western Open on July 3. Tom Watson needed to win the final event to guarantee his place but finished second, lifting him from 14th to 12th place in the points list and pushing Hale Irwin out of that position. The PGA Championship was won by Hal Sutton with Jack Nicklaus second. Sutton was only in his third year as a professional and hence ineligible and so Watson retained his place on the team.


1983 Ryder Cup, Teams
The European team was chosen entirely from the 1983 European Tour money list as at the conclusion of the St. Mellion Timeshare TPC on September 18. Prior to the final event 10 of the players had guaranteed their places with Manuel Piñero in 11th position and Gordon J. Brand in 12th. Brand made sure of his place with fifth place in the TPC but Piñero was overtaken by Paul Way who finished second to lift him to 11th place in the list.


1983 Ryder Cup, Individual player records
Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player.


1983 Réunionese Regional Council election
Regional Council elections were held in Réunion on 20 February 1983. The Rally for the Republic–Union for French Democracy–Departmentalist Militant Front alliance emerged as the largest in the Council, winning 18 of the 45 seats.


1983 Réunionese Regional Council election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the President of the Regional Council was elected by the Council on 28 February. Mario Hoarau of the Communist Party of Réunion was elected in the third ballot.


1983 SANFL Grand Final
The 1983 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. West Adelaide beat Sturt 142 to 108.


1983 SANFL season
The 1983 South Australian National Football League season was the 104th, since 1877, of the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Australian rules football competition.


1983 SANFL season
The season commenced on Saturday 2 April 1983, and concluded on Saturday 1 October 1983 with the SANFL Grand Final at Football Park with West Adelaide defeating Sturt by 34 points to claim their eighth premiership and first since 1961.


1983 SANFL season, Escort Cup
Concurrently with the early rounds of the premiership season, the SANFL also ran the Escort Cup night competition with games usually being played mid-week. The Grand Final of the Cup, played under lights at the Thebarton Oval, saw West Torrens win their first competition since they won the 1953 SANFL Grand Final when they defeated South Adelaide 7.15 (57) to 5.7 (37).


1983 SANFL season, Escort Cup
With Football Park having lights installed by the 1984 SANFL season, this would be the final time that the night competition would be held at the suburban grounds of Thebarton and Norwood Oval's. From 1984 all night competition games would be held at the league's headquarters. Night football would not return to suburban grounds until the early 2000s when some Norwood home games were scheduled to be held under lights at Norwood Oval.


1983 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1983 SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament took place from March 10–13, 1983 at the Birmingham-Jefferson Convention Complex in Birmingham, Alabama. the Georgia Bulldogs won the tournament championship title, and received the SEC’s automatic bid to the 1983 NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball tournament. This tournament marked Georgia’s first ever SEC tournament championship title.


1983 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament
Television coverage of the tournament’s first three rounds was produced and regionally syndicated by the TVS Television Network, with NBC broadcasting the championship game nationally. Tom Hammond handled play-by-play commentary, while Joe Dean provided color analogy.


1983 SEC Women's Basketball Tournament
The 1983 SEC Women's Basketball Tournament took place from March 3 through March 6, 1983 in Knoxville, Tennessee.


1983 SEC Women's Basketball Tournament
Georgia won the tournament by beating Ole Miss in the championship game.


1983 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1983 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University during the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season.


1983 Sacramento State Hornets football team
The 1983 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State University during the 1983 NCAA Division II football season.


1983 Sacramento State Hornets football team
Sacramento State competed in the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC). Prior to 1983, the conference had been known as the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by sixth-year head coach Bob Mattos. They played home games at Hornet Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished the season with a record of five wins, five losses and one tie (5–5–1, 4–1–1 NCAC). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 258–245 for the season.


1983 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL
The following Sacramento State players were selected in the 1984 NFL Draft.


1983 Saga gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held on 10 April 1983 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Kumao Katsuki was re-elected.


1983 Sammarinese general election
General elections were held in San Marino on 29 May 1983. The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 26 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council.


1983 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system
Voters had to be citizens of San Marino and at least 18 years old. This was the first Sammarinese general election in which suffrage was granted to people under 24 years of age.


1983 Samoa National League
The 1983 Samoa National League, or also known as the Upolo First Division, was the 5th edition of the Samoa National League, the top league of the Football Federation Samoa. Vaivase-tai won their fourth title.


1983 San Diego Chargers season
The 1983 San Diego Chargers season was the franchise's 14th season in the National Football League (NFL) and its 24th overall. The Chargers fell from their 1982 6–3 record to 6–10. It was their first losing season since 1976, to date the most points the Chargers have surrendered in a sixteen-game season, and began an era in the wilderness for the Chargers, who would not place higher than third in the AFC West, nor win more than eight games in a season, until 1992.


1983 San Diego Chargers season
Despite San Diego's disappointing 6–10 record, they led the NFL in passing yardage for the sixth consecutive season, which remains an NFL record.


1983 San Diego Padres season
The 1983 San Diego Padres season was the 15th season in franchise history. The team finished with an 81–81 record, excluding a tied game that was not included in the standings. They scored 653 runs and allowed 653 runs for a run differential of zero, becoming only the second team (after the 1922 Chicago White Sox) with a .500 winning percentage and a zero run differential.


1983 San Diego Padres season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1983 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 1983 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State University during the 1983 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).


1983 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The team was led by head coach Doug Scovil, in his third year, and played home games at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego, California. They finished with a record of two wins, nine losses and one tie (2–9–1, 1–6–1 WAC). This was the fewest wins for an Aztec team since they only won one in 1960, and they finished the year with seven straight losses.


1983 San Diego State Aztecs football team
Wide receiver Jim Sandusky was named a third-team All-American by the Gannett News Service and Football News. He earned first-team All-WAC honors as both a receiver and a punt returner.


1983 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL
The following finished their college career in 1983, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1983 San Diego mayoral special election
The 1983 San Diego mayoral special election was held on May 3, 1983 to elect the mayor for San Diego. The special election was necessary due to former mayor Pete Wilson's resignation to take a seat in the United States Senate.


1983 San Diego mayoral special election
Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, though some candidates do receive funding and support from various political parties. The non-partisan primary was held March 15, 1983. Maureen O'Connor and Roger Hedgecock received the most votes and advanced to the May runoff. Hedgecock received a majority of the votes in the May election, and was elected mayor for the remainder of Wilson's term.


1983 San Diego mayoral special election, Pete Wilson resignation
In November 1982, San Diego Mayor Pete Wilson was elected to the United States Senate representing California. On January 3, 1983, Wilson resigned as mayor of San Diego to be sworn in as a senator. Deputy Mayor Bill Cleator served as acting mayor until an election could be held to fill the office for the remainder of Wilson's third term.


1983 San Diego mayoral special election, Campaign
Four candidates with prior elected experience contested the special mayoral election. Former city council member Maureen O'Connor, a Democrat, was considered the early front-runner and likely to advance to a runoff election, if not win the first round outright. O'Connor's major opponents in the first round election included county supervisor Roger Hedgecock, city council member and acting mayor Bill Cleator, and city council member Bill Mitchell, all self-identified Republicans. In addition to the main four candidates, an additional 16 other candidates qualified for the ballot.


1983 San Diego mayoral special election, Campaign
In her campaign, O'Connor proposed freezing utility rates, focusing on creating jobs, and improving public transportation. Hedgecock ran as a political moderate and emphasized environmental protection. Cleator positioned himself as a pro-business Republican, and he criticized Hedgecock as a renegade Republican.