1977 VFA season, Notable events, NFL Night Series
In 1977, the NFL Night Series competition, known as the Ardath Cup, was to have been contested by clubs from the VFL, SANFL and WANFL, and state representative teams from the minor states – with the competition again running mostly on Tuesday nights, and in a knock-out form. However, plans were disrupted when the VFL opted to withdraw its clubs from the competition and establish its own rival night series. To make up the shortfall of teams, the NFL invited the top four Association clubs from 1976 – Port Melbourne, Dandenong, Preston and Caulfield – to participate in the competition.


1977 VFA season, Notable events, NFL Night Series
It was the first time that the Association had participated in an ANFC/NFL competition in any capacity since 1969, when a clearance dispute between the Association and the League led to the Association's expulsion from the council. As was normal for interleague matches, the Association clubs were forced to play under the national standard 18-a-side rules in these matches.


1977 VFA season, Notable events, NFL Night Series
Port Melbourne progressed the furthest in the competition, reaching the quarter finals. The Association clubs results were:


1977 VFA season, Notable events, Interleague matches
The Association played one interleague representative match during the season, on Queen's Birthday weekend against Queensland – the same state that Port Melbourne had earlier beaten in Ardath Cup competition. Midway through the third quarter of the match, the Association held a comfortable 41-point lead, Association 12.14 (86) vs Queensland 6.9 (45); but, Queensland recovered to kick eight of the last nine goals of the match, and won the match by seven points.


1977 VFL Grand Final
The 1977 VFL Grand Final was a series of two Australian rules football matches between the North Melbourne Football Club and the Collingwood Football Club. Together they are considered the 81st annual grand final of the Victorian Football League and were staged to determine the premiers for the 1977 VFL season. The premiership is usually decided by a single match; however, as the first grand final ended in a draw, a grand final replay was played the following week and was won by North Melbourne. Both grand finals were held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The first was held on 24 September 1977. The game was attended by 108,224 spectators and ended in a draw, with both teams scoring 76 points. This was the second time a draw had occurred in a VFL grand final, the first being in 1948.


1977 VFL Grand Final
The premiership was decided by a full replay on 1 October 1977, attended by 98,491 people. North Melbourne defeated Collingwood by 27 points, marking their second VFL premiership victory.


1977 VFL Grand Final
The 1977 Grand Final was historically memorable for numerous reasons; besides the drawn result, it was the first Grand Final televised live in Victoria by the Seven Network, and the first to feature pre-match entertainment, which was provided by Barry Crocker.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Background
Collingwood entered this premiership game after a seven-year absence, having last been defeated by Carlton in the 1970 VFL Grand Final. Its last premiership victory was the 1958 VFL Grand Final. In contrast, North Melbourne had contested the previous three premiership deciders, winning the 1975 VFL Grand Final but finishing runners-up in 1974 and 1976.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Background
After finishing last place at the end of the 1976 season, Collingwood, under former Richmond coach Tom Hafey, had finished first on the ladder with 18 wins and 4 losses in 1977. North Melbourne had finished third (behind Hawthorn), with 15 wins and 7 losses.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Background
In the finals series, North Melbourne lost to Hawthorn by 38 points in the Qualifying Final before defeating Richmond by 47 points in the First Semi-Final. They then met Hawthorn once again in the Preliminary Final, this time winning comfortably by 67 points to advance to the Grand Final. Collingwood advanced straight to the Grand Final with a thrilling two-point win over Hawthorn in the Second Semi-Final.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Background
The Magpies were without Phil Carman for the Grand Final, who had been suspended for two matches for striking Hawthorn's Michael Tuck in the Second Semi-Final, and regular defender Ian Cooper who had played the first 21 matches of the season before chipping an ankle bone. North Melbourne was without captain Keith Greig, who missed two-thirds of the season with a knee injury; David Dench served as acting captain.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Background
Chief football writer for The Herald Alf Brown predicted a win for Collingwood; he claimed that up to half the spectators at the game would be supporting Collingwood, hence giving a kind of home ground advantage, and also pointed to the inconsistent output of North Melbourne's key players in recent games. In his weekly Tuesday column for The Canberra Times, Carlton star Alex Jesaulenko tipped North Melbourne to win, describing their momentum over the finals series as "running on the crest of a wave full flight into the grand final".


1977 VFL Grand Final, Background
In a somewhat prophetic tone, Jesaulenko predicted that "it [would] be the closest grand final in the VFL for many a long year — and a classic one too." He also bemoaned the fact that Phil Carman would not play due to suspension, calling him "probably the most spectacular player in the VFL" and believing that his presence would have added an extra layer of excitement.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Television coverage
Up until 1977, the VFL had been staunchly opposed to showing the Grand Final live on television in Victoria despite the growing demand. In the week leading up to the Grand Final, the commercial station Network 7, managed by Ron Casey, finally arrived at a deal worth $100,000 (~$572,000 in 2020 terms) to televise the event live. However, the two sponsors for the telecast, Carlton & United Breweries and Just Jeans, did not completely cover the upfront fee demanded by the VFL.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Television coverage
Worryingly, power restrictions imposed by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria in response to a strike by 2,300 maintenance workers in the Latrobe Valley almost put the plans for the live telecast in jeopardy. Those restrictions were lifted at the last minute, meaning the event would not have to be broadcast on a 45-minute delay.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Television coverage
The drawn Grand Final was a ratings success, drawing a nationwide audience of over two million viewers, which was in line with Ron Casey's prediction of 2,250,000 viewers.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, First quarter
Collingwood captain Max Richardson won the toss and elected to kick to the Jolimont (City) End. North Melbourne scored the first goal of the game seven minutes into the opening quarter through acting captain and full-back Dench, who had followed the play downfield. He played on immediately after taking an intercept mark from a clearing kick by Collingwood half-back Manassa, dodged an attempted tackle and kicked a goal.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, First quarter
The Kangaroos added a second goal a few minutes later when Baker gathered the ball as it spilled behind a pack contest, finishing off a fine sequence of play which had started with Gumbleton deep in defence. The Magpies then got their first goal for the game—and their only goal for the quarter—through Anderson, who finished off a great piece of play upfield by Thompson, Wearmouth and Dunne to swoop onto the ball as it spilled free from a contest in the goal square and run into an open goal.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, First quarter
Two further goals by Baker from set shots at the 16- and 21-minute mark would help give North Melbourne a 17-point lead at quarter time. During the quarter, Shaw was reported for striking Montgomery with a clenched fist to the stomach. He would later be cleared to play in the Replay.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Second quarter
From the first bounce, the ball was driven quickly into Collingwood's attack by Ireland and Anderson, who passed towards star forward Moore. He was awarded a free kick in the marking contest with Gumbleton and converted the subsequent set shot for the first of his four goals in the game. Five minutes later, the margin was reduced to six points when North Melbourne's defenders were unable to intercept a tricky, bouncing kick into attack by Wearmouth, allowing Kink to run onto the ball and score with a left-footed snap shot.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Second quarter
The physical intensity of the match lifted as both sides traded behinds—Briedis kicking four of them, eventually finishing with seven—before the Magpies scored their third goal when Moore marked a long pass from Wayne Richardson and kicked straight at the 29-minute mark. North Melbourne's lead had been cut to two points when the siren sounded for half time, and North coach Barassi voiced his displeasure.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Third quarter
Collingwood managed to maintain the momentum they had taken with them to half time, with Moore adding two goals early in the quarter to put the Magpies ahead for the first time. After another shot on goal hit the post, this time by Dench, the ball went back and forth for several minutes until a long kick into attack from Alves towards Baker was well intercepted by Worthington, who played on quickly to find Shaw free on the half-back flank.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Third quarter
Shaw went for a run, taking two bounces before directing a short pass into the path of the hard-running Barham, who took the mark while still in motion, steadied with a bounce and kicked Collingwood's fifth goal for the term from 40 metres out to extend the margin to 27 points at the 28-minute mark. In the dying seconds, Briedis marked within scoring distance but was judged to have pushed Manassa in the back before taking the mark. He subsequently threw the ball away in frustration, giving away a 15-metre penalty as the siren sounded. Collingwood led by 27 points a three-quarter time, and North Melbourne had not scored a goal since the 21-minute mark of the first quarter.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Third quarter
At the three-quarter-time huddle, Collingwood coach Hafey angrily rebuked some of the Collingwood support staff were already congratulating the players, and implored his players to focus on finishing the game.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Fourth quarter
Barassi made a number of positional changes in an attempt to steal the momentum from Collingwood, the most notable moves being Dench to centre half-forward and Sutton to full-forward. He also benched Blight, who had been ineffective, and brought on Nettlefold, whose energetic play was an important part of the Kangaroos' comeback.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Fourth quarter
The Magpies had a chance to extend their lead past five goals early in the quarter through Dunne, but his set shot veered off target. North Melbourne then went into attack, and finally, at the 5-minute mark, their run of 13 consecutive behinds ended when Sutton marked and converted his set shot. A minute later, North rebounded quickly out of defence, and with Collingwood's defenders ball-watching, Baker managed to slip unmarked into the goal square to score his fourth goal. Soon after, Manassa's handpass deep in defence was intercepted by Dench who ran in and kicked his second goal. At this point North Melbourne had scored three goals in four minutes to reduce the margin to eight points.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Fourth quarter
At the 10-minute mark, Briedis took a strong pack mark, but had to wait to take his set shot as Gott, who injured his knee in the marking contest, was stretchered off. Briedis had been having a poor day in front of goal, and it continued with his sixth behind. From the kick-in, the Kangaroos were again able to intercept, but Dench was unable to take full advantage, his rushed kick adding another behind to North Melbourne's score.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Fourth quarter
At the 14-minute mark, the hard-running Schimmelbusch outpaced Ireland on the wing to intercept an attempted pass from Picken, kicking North Melbourne back into attack; Running into the forward pocket, Byrne gathered the ball as Collingwood defenders fumbled and fell over, kicking towards full-forward where Baker again had found space in the goal square. Baker kicked his fifth goal to level the scores.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Fourth quarter
Soon after, Hafey replaced Anderson with Bond to give Collingwood some fresh legs. Over the next few minutes, both sides missed relatively easy goal-scoring chances from set shots and good opportunities in general play, but when Baker took a strong contested mark and kicked his sixth goal with time-on looming, North Melbourne held a seven-point lead. Collingwood fought desperately to stay in the game, and, at the 29-minute mark, Moore managed to outpoint Crosswell and gather the ball at the top of the goal square, but his left-foot snap missed.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Fourth quarter
With the tension in the crowd mounting, the Magpies continued to press for an equalising goal while the Kangaroos were trying to play for time. After a shot from Magro's went out of bounds on the full, Nettlefold's kick back into play for North was marked at the back of the pack by Picken, who had come up from defence. His kick into the forward line was met by a pack of players, in which Dunne took a mark.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Fourth quarter
Having already missed two shots for the quarter, the Magpie veteran converted his set shot from 25 metres out directly in front to tie the scores with the clock having just ticked over 33 minutes for the quarter. North Melbourne made one last foray forward which was cut off by Ireland. His kick out of defence was picked up by Bond, who was racing down the wing as the siren sounded. Players from both sides collapsed, confused and exhausted, while a scuffle between Keenan and Kink was quickly defused.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Aftermath
This was the second Grand Final in VFL/AFL history to end in a draw, the first being the 1948 VFL Grand Final between Melbourne and Essendon. Coincidentally, on the same day as this match took place, the grand final replay for the 1977 NSWRFL season was held. The grand final, held the week before, finished in a 9–9 draw between St George and Parramatta. Thus both major Australian football codes had a drawn grand final followed by a replay in 1977.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Aftermath
Among the football writers from the Sun News-Pictorial who used a Brownlow voting system to judge their best player, North Melbourne wingman Wayne Schimmelbusch tallied 11 out of a possible 18 votes to be considered best on ground, followed by Collingwood midfield enforcer Stan Magro with ten votes.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Aftermath
A panel which viewed the game retrospectively for the AFL Record's Grand Final edition in 2001 voted Collingwood ruckman Len Thompson as the best player on the day; he gathered 21 disposals (14 kicks and seven handpasses), took ten marks, and had to deal with the attention of various North players throughout the afternoon. Xavier Tanner and Stan Alves also received votes for their efforts.


1977 VFL Grand Final, First Grand Final, Aftermath
Barassi said later, "We should have won the game. I know that is a brave statement, but we did have five more scoring shots than Collingwood." Hafey's comments to the media summed up how most would have felt about the result: "When the final siren sounds you are usually up in the air or with your head bowed down... Today I did not know what to do, how to feel or where to look."


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Lead-Up
Barassi announced an unchanged team for the replay, while Hafey brought in Perry for the injured Gott.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Lead-Up
Because the Under 19s and Reserves Grand Finals had already been staged and decided the previous Saturday, the VFL turned to third- and fourth-placed teams Hawthorn and Richmond to play a Challenge Match as a curtain-raiser.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Lead-Up
As an incentive for the teams to cut short their holidays, $20,000 ($114,000 in 2020 terms) was offered as prize money ($12,500 [$71,500 in 2020 terms] of which would be awarded to the winning team); and, in an additional twist to encourage both teams to field their best players, third and fourth place would be up for grabs, meaning that if Hawthorn lost, they would forfeit third place. The incentive was sufficient for champion full-forward Peter Hudson to fly in from Tasmania (as he had done all season) to represent Hawthorn one last time, while Richmond selected four players from the Reserves team which had won the Grand Final the previous week.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Lead-Up
It turned out to be a resounding success for the VFL. The Challenge Match was a high-scoring thriller, with Hawthorn prevailing by three points – 15.15 (105) to 15.12 (102). Hudson kicked seven goals, prompting coach David Parkin to comment to The Age he had "waited 11 years to see Peter Hudson win a game off his own boot like that." Leigh Matthews added three goals, while Kelvin Moore, Peter Knights and David O'Halloran were among the best for the Hawks. For Richmond, Bruce Monteath kicked six goals, and Bryan Wood, Merv Keane and Graham Gaunt were considered best afield.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, First quarter
The ground and weather conditions were again perfect as Dench won the toss for North Melbourne and chose to kick to the Punt Road (Scoreboard) End. North Melbourne was first to score with a behind to Baker and goal to Cable. After Dunne's shot went out on the full, Collingwood drew level through a behind to Shaw and goal to Wayne Richardson eight minutes in, before hitting the front when Manassa was awarded a free directly in front and put through his first goal.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, First quarter
Scores were again level soon after when Baker marked on a lead in front of Worthington and kicked his first goal, and then North Melbourne regained the lead when Briedis was twice involved in an attacking move, first by knocking forward a cross-field pass from teammate Montgomery, then following up the play and running into an open goal. The Kangaroos added further goals when Blight grabbed the ball at a ball-up deep in North's forward line and scored his first goal with a quick left-foot snap.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, First quarter
Minutes later, he followed up with a magnificent high mark from a Worthington kick-in and kicked the ball long to the goal square. Amidst the scrimmage of players Crosswell managed to soccer the ball through on the goal line, and at the start of time-on North Melbourne held a 21-point lead. The Magpies fought to stay in the contest and were finally rewarded at the 30-minute mark when Magro's free kick to the top of the goal square was marked strongly by Moore who converted his set shot for his first goal.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, First quarter
Collingwood had a chance to make it two goals in a minute when, from the restarting bounce, Manassa took the ball cleanly out of the middle and kicked long towards Moore, only for Gumbleton to spoil the ball. On his second effort to clear the defence, Gumbleton knocked the ball straight to Barham whose right foot snap was off target. In the heat of the moment, Barham had not seen teammate Kink on his own in the goal square. The siren sounded a short time later with North Melbourne leading by 13 points.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Second quarter
North Melbourne dominated play in the early minutes of the second term, winning the ball in the middle and marking strongly in attack, but were unable to capitalize on the scoreboard, kicking six behinds in six minutes. Baker broke the run of misses when he again marked strongly in front of his opponent after strong work by Icke, whose agile play in attack was causing problems for the Collingwood defence), and judged the wind perfectly with his set shot to push the lead to 24 points.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Second quarter
Collingwood replied through Barham, who hit the post from a free kick in the forward pocket, and then scored its first goal of the quarter through Wearmouth, after some loose play from Cassin. The Kangaroos steadied again when Briedis kicked his second goal after being awarded a free kick and a 15-metre penalty, and then backed up by crumbing a long kick into attack from Cowton and handpassing to Tanner who ran in and kicked his first.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Second quarter
When Cassin made up for his earlier mistake by snapping North Melbourne's third goal in a row after Picken had lost the ball playing for a free kick, the lead had grown to 36 points. Collingwood fought back for the remainder of the quarter, kicking the next four goals to narrow the half-time margin to eleven points.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Third quarter
The Kangaroos edged their way to a 30-point lead, kicking 6.7 (43) to Collingwood's 4.0 (24) for the quarter.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Final quarter
With North Melbourne holding a 25 point lead with over ten minutes remaining, Phil Manassa kicked a memorable goal to narrow the margin to 19 points.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Final quarter
North Melbourne had just added a rushed behind to its score, and Gordon was unable to complete a high mark from the kick-in, but at ground level he was able to tap the ball into the path of oncoming teammate Manassa, who picked up the ball and ran with it down the members wing, taking three bounces, faking a handball to elude an oncoming North Melbourne defender, bouncing one more time before steadying and kicking a goal from angled drop punt from 45 metres, bringing the margin back to 19 points with more than ten minutes remaining. This goal has since been commemorated by the AFL by awarding the Phil Manassa Medal to the winner of each year's Goal of the Year.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Final quarter
Manassa's goal kept Collingwood in the game, but they were not able to make up the difference. When the final siren sounded, North Melbourne won the grand final.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Aftermath
Briedis was considered best on ground by the football writers from The Age, who used a Brownlow voting system to judge their best player, tallying eight out of a possible nine votes; he had managed to put the previous week's troubles behind him (he registered seven behinds from ten scoring shots), by kicking five goals (the second time he had done so in a Grand Final for the Kangaroos) and contributing to many more with 30 disposals (19 kicks and 11 handpasses) and nine marks.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Aftermath
Malcolm Blight was voted Player of the Match by the panel of football writers from the Sun News-Pictorial, who also used a Brownlow voting system. For Collingwood, the three stand-out individual performances were from Peter Moore, who backed up his four goals in the previous week's drawn game with five goals from limited chances, champion ruckman Len Thompson who repeated his excellent around-the-ground effort, and Phil Manassa; while being remembered for his memorable last-quarter goal, he also gathered 21 possessions, 18 of them kicks. A panel which viewed the replay retrospectively for the AFL Record's Grand Final edition in 2001 voted Arnold Briedis as the best player, with Xavier Tanner and John Byrne also received votes for their performances.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Aftermath
Barassi, in the fourth and final coaching premiership of his career, paid tribute to his players for having become the first team to win the VFL premiership after playing five finals in five weeks:


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Aftermath
"The win had to be one of the gutsiest sporting performances I've seen. I know I'm biased, but the depth of character, and spirit was tremendous. "They refused to knuckle under pressure, refused to be tired, refused to let the nerves get on top of them.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Aftermath
In his Monday report for The Age, Mike Sheahan praised North Melbourne's attitude and tactical intelligence and cited Collingwood's lack of depth as the main cause for defeat:


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Aftermath
North's 27-point win over Collingwood reflected a considerable measure of talent, even more discipline and an inspiring spirit. [ ...] Collingwood lost because too much was left to too few for the second week in a row. There is no place to hide poor players on the big MCG on Grand Final day, and Collingwood had at least six poor players. Barassi had more contributors, and he exploited the advantage by winning the tactical battle with Hafey, the man who had won their previous two Grand Final clashes before this year.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Grand final replay, 1 October 1977, Aftermath
North Melbourne made it to the Grand Final again the following year, marking its sixth successive appearance, but lost to Hawthorn. Collingwood contested the subsequent three Grand Finals in 1979, 1980 and 1981 and lost all three. Collingwood eventually broke its premiership drought in 1990, while North Melbourne had to wait until 1996 to win its next premiership.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Teams
* Chris Perry replaced Doug Gott (knee) for the Grand Final Replay


1977 VFL Grand Final, Teams
The umpiring panel for the match, comprising two field umpires, two boundary umpires and two goal umpires is given below. The same umpires officiated in both the drawn Grand Final and the Replay.


1977 VFL Grand Final, Teams
Numbers in brackets represent the number of grand finals umpired, including 1977.


1977 VFL Night Series
The 1977 Victorian Football League Night Series was the 17th edition of the VFL Night Series, a VFL-organised national club Australian rules football tournament between the clubs from the VFL.


1977 VFL Night Series
The 1977 Series would be the first night series to be played since 1971 but unlike the previous version that had been run between 1956 and 1971 as a consolation tournament that featuring the eight teams that missed the VFL finals and was played in September & October. This version was to featured all 12 VFL clubs and was played mid-week throughout the VFL premiership season between May & August.


1977 VFL season
The 1977 Victorian Football League season was the 81st season of the elite Australian rules football competition.


1977 VFL season, Night series
Hawthorn defeated Carlton 14.11 (95) to 11.5 (71) in the final.


1977 VFL season, Grand final
North Melbourne drew with Collingwood 9.22 (76) to 10.16 (76), in front of a crowd of 108,244 people.


1977 VFL season, Grand final replay
A replay was held, and North Melbourne defeated Collingwood 21.25 (151) to 19.10 (124) in front of a crowd of 98,491 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football).


1977 VMI Keydets football team
The 1977 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The team tied for the Southern Conference championship.


1977 Vancouver Whitecaps season
The 1977 Vancouver Whitecaps season was the fourth season of the Whitecaps, and their fourth season in the North American Soccer League, which was at the time, the top flight of American Canadian soccer.


1977 Vancouver Whitecaps season
Qualifying for the playoffs for the second-straight season, the Whitecaps were eliminated by their Cascadian rivals, the Seattle Sounders, for the second straight season, in the first round of the postseason. The 'Caps finished second in their division, behind the Minnesota Kicks.


1977 Vancouver Whitecaps season, Background
The Vancouver Whitecaps came into their fourth season riding off the most successful season in franchise history. The 1976 squad qualified for the NASL playoffs for the first time, but lost to their Cascadian rivals, Seattle Sounders in the first round of the playoffs. Entering the 1977 season, the club made several defensive upgrades.


1977 Vancouver Whitecaps season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1977 Vancouver Whitecaps season, Competitions, NASL, Standings
Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = PointsSource:


1977 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1977 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The Commodores were led by head coach Fred Pancoast in his third year. Vanderbilt had its second year with only two win both being non-conference games (2–9 overall, 0–6 in the SEC).


1977 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
This was Vanderbilt's football program's 88th season. From 1890 to 1941 Vanderbilt won 304 games and  lost 111, with 10 ties. It took the then successful program only 19 years to reach the 100 win mark, another 16 to meet the 200 mark, and 17 more to make it to 300 wins. It took Vanderbilt 50 years to lose 100 games, and 23 more to reach the 200 loss margin. Vanderbilt only needs 15 more years to make it to 300 losses. From 1940 to 1962 Vanderbilt would win and lose 100 more games.


1977 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
However, from 1962 to 1977 it only took 13 years to lose 100 more games. By the 1977 season Vanderbilt, a once respectable program, was now year after year the worst team in the SEC. The program would not get better any time soon. Vanderbilt's lost its 400th game in only 13 more years. In SEC play, from 1960 to 2011 Vanderbilt only had two above .500 win seasons, winning only 52 games, 16 of which they did not win a single game.


1977 Venezuelan Primera División season
The 1977 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 12 teams. The national champions were Portuguesa.


1977 Venezuelan motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1977 Venezuelan motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1977 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 20 March 1977 at the San Carlos Circuit.


1977 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1977 Villanova Wildcats football team represented Villanova University in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. It was head coach Dick Bedesem's third season with the team. They played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.


1977 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1977 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The Cavaliers were led by second-year head coach Dick Bestwick and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in sixth.


1977 Virginia Slims Championships
The 1977 Virginia Slims Championships were the sixth season-ending WTA Tour Championships, the annual tennis tournament for the best female tennis players in singles on the 1977 WTA Tour. The singles event consisted of two round robin groups (Gold and Orange) of four players each. The winners of each group played each other in the final and additionally there was a play-off match for third place. The tournament was played on indoor carpet and was held from March 24 to 27 in Madison Square Garden in New York City. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles event and the accompanying $50,000 first prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims Championships, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Françoise Dürr /  Virginia Wade, 7–5, 6–3.


1977 Virginia Slims of Chicago
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Chicago  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the International Amphitheatre  in Chicago, Illinois in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from February 7 through February 13, 1977. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Chicago, Finals, Doubles
Rosie Casals /  Chris Evert defeated  Margaret Court /  Betty Stöve 6–3, 6–4


1977 Virginia Slims of Dallas
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Dallas  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Moody Coliseum  in Dallas, Texas in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from March 7 through March 13, 1977. Second-seeded Sue Barker won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Dallas, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Kerry Reid /  Greer Stevens 6–2, 6–4


1977 Virginia Slims of Detroit
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Detroit  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Cobo Hall & Arena  in Detroit, Michigan in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from February 22 through February 27, 1977. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Detroit, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Janet Newberry /  JoAnne Russell 6–3, 6–4


1977 Virginia Slims of Florida
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Florida  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Sportatorium in Hollywood, Florida, United States, that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from January 10 through January 16, 1977. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Florida, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Rosie Casals /  Chris Evert 6–4, 3–6, 6–4


1977 Virginia Slims of Houston
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Houston  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Astro Arena in Houston, Texas in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from January 17 through January 23, 1977. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Houston, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Sue Barker /  Ann Kiyomura 4–6, 6–2, 6–1


1977 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Memorial Sports Arena  in Los Angeles, California in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from February 14 through February 20, 1977. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles, Finals, Doubles
Rosemary Casals /  Chris Evert defeated  Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve 6–2, 6–4


1977 Virginia Slims of Philadelphia
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Philadelphia  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Palestra in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from March 14 through March 20, 1977. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Philadelphia, Finals, Doubles
Françoise Dürr /  Virginia Wade defeated  Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve 6–4, 4–6, 6–4


1977 Virginia Slims of San Francisco
The 1977 Virginia Slims of San Francisco, was a women's tennis tournament that took place on indoor carpet courts at the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco in the United States. It was the seventh edition of the event, which was part of the Virginia Slims Circuit, and was held from February 27, through March 6, 1977. The final was watched by 5,932 spectators who saw second-seeded Sue Barker win the singles title, earning her $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of San Francisco, Finals, Doubles
Kerry Reid /  Greer Stevens defeated  Sue Barker /  Ann Kiyomura 6–3, 6–1


1977 Virginia Slims of Seattle
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Seattle  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Seattle Center Arena  in Seattle, Washington in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from January 31 through February 6, 1977. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Seattle, Finals, Doubles
Rosie Casals /  Chris Evert defeated  Françoise Dürr /  Martina Navratilova 6–4, 3–6, 6–3


1977 Virginia Slims of Washington
The 1977 Virginia Slims of Washington  was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in and near Washington D.C., District of Columbia in the United States that was part of the 1977 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The first round and quarterfinals were held at the GWU Charles Smith Center while the semifinals and final were played at the Capital Centre. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from January 3 through January 9, 1977. Third-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title, her second after 1975, and earned $20,000 first-prize money.


1977 Virginia Slims of Washington, Finals, Doubles
Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Kristien Kemmer /  Valerie Ziegenfuss 7–5, 6–2


1977 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team
The 1977 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season.


1977 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1977 football team.


1977 Virginia ballot measures
The 1977 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 8, 1977, the same day as the Gubernatorial, Lieutenant gubernatorial, Attorney General and Virginia House of Delegates elections, which are always held in off-years. The only other statewide elections on the ballot were five government bond referendums, which were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly.


1977 Virginia ballot measures, Bond Question 1
The Educational Facilities Act allows the Commonwealth to sell a maximum of $86,475,000 dollars in bonds for the purpose of raising funds to pay for capital projects at state-supported colleges, universities, museums and other educational facilities.


1977 Virginia ballot measures, Bond Question 2
"Shall Chapter 651, Acts of the General Assembly of 1977, authorizing the issuance of general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the maximum amount of $21,525,000 pursuant to Article X, Section 9(b) of the Constitution of Virginia for correctional facilities, take effect?"


1977 Virginia ballot measures, Bond Question 3
"Shall Chapter 652, Acts of the General Assembly of 1977, authorizing the issuance of general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the maximum amount of $4,000,000 pursuant to Article X, Section 9(b) of the Constitution of Virginia for mental health facilities, take effect?"


1977 Virginia ballot measures, Bond Question 4
The Parks and Recreational Facilities Act allows the Commonwealth to sell a maximum of $5,000,000 dollars in bonds for the purpose of raising funds to pay for capital projects at state-supported parks and recreational facilities.


1977 Virginia ballot measures, Bond Question 5
"Shall Chapter 654, Acts of the General Assembly of 1977, authorizing the issuance of general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the maximum amount of $8,000,000 pursuant to Article X, Section 9(b) of the Constitution of Virginia for port facilities, take effect?"


1977 Virginia gubernatorial election
In the 1977 Virginia gubernatorial election, incumbent Governor Mills E. Godwin, Jr., a Republican, was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. John N. Dalton, the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, was nominated by the Republican Party to run against the Democratic nominee, former Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Henry Howell.


1977 Volta a Catalunya
The 1977 Volta a Catalunya was the 57th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 7 to 14 September 1977. The race started and finished in Sitges. The race was won by Freddy Maertens of the Flandria–Velda–Latina Assicurazioni team.


1977 Volvo International
The 1977 Volvo International was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in North Conway, New Hampshire in the United States and was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. The tournament began on July 31, 1977. John Alexander won the singles title.


1977 Volvo International, Finals, Doubles
Brian Gottfried /  Raúl Ramírez defeated  Fred McNair /  Sherwood Stewart 7–5, 6–3


1977 Volvo International – Doubles
Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramírez were the defending champions and won in the final 7–5, 6–3 against Fred McNair and Sherwood Stewart.


1977 Volvo International – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1977 Volvo International – Singles
Jimmy Connors was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Harold Solomon.


1977 Volvo International – Singles
John Alexander won in the final 2–6, 6–4, 6–4 against Manuel Orantes.


1977 Vrancea earthquake
The 1977 Vrancea earthquake occurred on 4 March 1977, at 21:22 local time, and was felt throughout the Balkans. It had a magnitude of 7.2, making it the second most powerful earthquake recorded in Romania in the 20th century, after the 10 November 1940 seismic event. The hypocenter was situated in the Vrancea Mountains, the most seismically active part of Romania, at a depth of 94 km.


1977 Vrancea earthquake
The earthquake killed about 1,578 people (1,424 in Bucharest) in Romania, and wounded more than 11,300. Among the victims were actor Toma Caragiu and writers A. E. Bakonsky, Alexandru Ivasiuc and Corneliu M. Popescu. Communist ruler Nicolae Ceaușescu suspended his official visit to Nigeria and declared a state of emergency.


1977 Vrancea earthquake
About 32,900 buildings were damaged or destroyed. Immediately after the earthquake, 35,000 families were without shelter. The economic losses are believed to have been as high as two billion US dollars though the sum was not confirmed by the authorities at that time. A detailed report on the destruction the earthquake caused was never published. Most of the damage was concentrated in Romania's capital, Bucharest, where about 33 large buildings collapsed. Most of those buildings were built before World War II, and were not reinforced. After the earthquake, the Romanian government imposed tougher construction standards, and would use the earthquake as a pretext to start the major demolitions campaign in Bucharest in 1982, a campaign that lasted up to 1991.


1977 Vrancea earthquake
In Bulgaria the earthquake is known as the Vrancea earthquake or Svishtov earthquake. Three blocks of flats in the Bulgarian town of Svishtov (near Zimnicea) collapsed, killing more than 100 people. Many other buildings were damaged, including the Church of the Holy Trinity. In Soviet Moldavia the earthquake destroyed and damaged many buildings; in the capital Chișinău a panic broke out.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties
The earthquake of 4 March 1977 incurred one of the heaviest earthquake-related death tolls of the 1970s around the world. It caused the loss of 1,578 lives and injured an additional 11,221, with 90% of the fatalities being in the capital city Bucharest. The reported damage included 32,897 collapsed or demolished dwellings, 34,582 homeless families, 763 industrial units affected and many other damage in all sectors of the economy. A 1978 World Bank report estimated a total loss of US$2.048 billion, with Bucharest accounting for 70% of the total, i.e. US$1.4 billion. According to this report, out of Romania's 40 counties, 23 were strongly affected.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Bucharest
The city center saw the largest scale destruction and loss of life, since the earthquake particularly affected multi-storey buildings, mostly apartment buildings. Iconic interwar structures along the Bulevardul Balcescu Nicolae – Bulevardul Magheru such as the Scala confectionery building, the Dunărea, and the Casata, and the nearby Continental-Colonadelor and Nestor buildings, completely or largely collapsed, while portions of others gave way. Out of the 33 multi-storey buildings that collapsed, 28 were built between 1920 and 1940, a period when earthquake resistant design was unknown.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Bucharest
2 buildings that collapsed were built in the communist era: a building from the Lizeanu housing complex, which was built in 1962 had a small section of it collapse during the earthquake because a support column was cut at one of the end sections of the building (ground floor, at a store), leading to that section eventually being demolished and mostly never rebuilt, and an apartment block in Militari named OD16 and built around 1972–1975 fully collapsed due to construction defects (at the time sub-standard concrete had been found used in the said building, and air pockets were formed in the concrete during construction, and even a boot was found in the concrete).


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Bucharest
Three public buildings, the Ministry of Metallurgy, the Faculty of Chemistry and the Computer Center also collapsed, but were not heavily staffed at the time of the earthquake. On 5 March, the first toll of the disaster indicates 508 fatalities and 2,600 injuries. A final toll showed that 90% of the victims were from Bucharest: 1,424 deaths and 7,598 injuries.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Bucharest
No catastrophic fires occurred, but electrical power was lost in large areas of the city for about a day. Nine of 35 hospitals were evacuated.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Other Romanian cities
In the cities of Focșani and Buzău, unreinforced masonry walls in low-rise construction collapsed partially or totally, and there were signs of movement between structural elements and adjacent masonry in-fill walls in recently constructed buildings.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Other Romanian cities
The city of Zimnicea was reported to be in ruins: 175 houses collapsed, while 523 sustained serious damage, 4,000 people were displaced, and there were hundreds of victims. Inasmuch as 80% of the city was destroyed, Zimnicea was rebuilt from the ground. In Craiova, more than 550 buildings were severely damaged, among them the Museum of Art, the Oltenia Museum, the University and the County Library. Initial estimates indicate a total of 30 dead and 300 wounded. Vaslui also suffered heavy losses, both human – 7 people dead, and material.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Other Romanian cities
In Ploiești around 200 homes were destroyed, and a further 2,000 were seriously damaged; the situation was also serious in Buzău County, where about 1,900 buildings were affected. In Plopeni, a Worker's Dormitory made of masonry totally collapsed, killing 30 to 60 workers and injuring many. Counties in Transylvania and Dobruja showed no serious damage.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Other Romanian cities
The earthquake induced geomorphological phenomena in southern, eastern and northern Wallachia, as well as southern Moldavia. These consisted in landslides, liquefaction, settlements, water spurting; in Vrancea Mountains, the course of Zăbala River was partially blocked, forming a small natural dam lake.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Bulgaria
The earthquake of 4 March heavily impacted Bulgaria. The city of Svishtov was the most affected. Here, three blocks of flats collapsed, killing up to 120 people, among them 27 children. Many other buildings were damaged, including the Church of the Holy Trinity. In Ruse, the tremors were strong but there was little damage; only one person perished, hit by a huge architectural ornament that fell down from a nearby building.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Damage and casualties, Soviet Moldova
According to official data, 2,765 buildings were destroyed in the Moldavian SSR, while 20,763 buildings suffered more or less significant damage.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Aftershocks
The earthquake epicenter was located in the south-west part of Vrancea County, the most active seismic area in Romania, at a depth of about 94 km (58 mi). The shock wave was felt in almost all countries in the Balkan Peninsula, as well as Soviet republics of Ukraine and Moldavia, albeit with a lower intensity. Seismic movement was followed by aftershocks of low magnitude. The strongest aftershock occurred on the morning of 5 March 1977, at 02:00 AM, at a depth of 109 km (68 mi), with a magnitude was 4.9 on the Richter magnitude scale. Other aftershocks' magnitudes did not exceed 4.3 or 4.5 Mw.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Reactions of authorities
At the time of the earthquake, Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu were on an official visit to Nigeria. Ceaușescu heard about the disaster in the country from a Romanian official.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Reactions of authorities
Initially, news about the earthquake was confusing, and people talked about a much larger catastrophe. Due to a power failure in Bucharest, communication services were down for several hours. The population took to the streets, scared of possible aftershocks. At that moment, authorities had not taken any concrete steps.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Reactions of authorities
Residents of many damaged buildings took part in ad hoc rescue efforts.. Doctors, soldiers, and many civilians helped in these rescue efforts. Nine hospitals were shut down. Floreasca Emergency Hospital in Bucharest, having been seriously damaged, was overwhelmed, and subsequently evacuated. The Dinamo Stadium was turned into a triage point for the wounded. By the morning of March 5 work was underway on reestablishing basic utilities – the water, gas, and electrical grids, as well as the phone lines.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Reactions of authorities
The presidential couple and the Romanian delegation in Nigeria returned to Romania during the night of 4–5 March 1977. Afterwards Nicolae Ceaușescu imposed a state of emergency throughout the country. In the following days, the Head of State conducted visits to Bucharest to assess damage.


1977 Vrancea earthquake, Reactions of authorities
Teams of soldiers and firefighters responsible for the rescue of possible survivors received aid from the Red Cross. They were joined by the Buftea film studio stuntmen and many volunteers. Many people were rescued from the ruins, some after several days of being trapped.


1977 Vuelta a España
The 32nd Edition Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 26 April to 15 May 1977. It consisted of 19 stages covering a total of 2,785 km (1,731 mi), and was won by Freddy Maertens of the Flandria cycling team. While Maertens dominated the race he won the General Classification by less than 3:00. The domination was from his record shattering 13 stages wins including the first and the last. He also won the points classification. Pedro Torres won the mountains classification.


1977 Vuelta a España, Results
The 1977 Vuelta a Espana had several classifications. The most important classification was the general classification; this was won by Freddy Maertens.


1977 Vuelta a España, Results
Additionally, there were the points classification (also won by Maertens), the mountains classification won by Pedro Torres, and the intermediate sprints classification also won by Maertens. To be eligible for these secondary classifications, a rider had to finish in the top 25 of the general classification; this was relevant for the intermediate sprints classification, where Daniele Tinchella and Benny Schepmans had more points than Maertens, but did not finish in the top 25.


1977 Vuelta a España, Results
There was also an award for the best Spanish rider in the general classification, won by Miguel Maria Lasa, and a team classification won by Teka.


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1977 Vuelta a España was the 32nd edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Dehesa de Campoamor, with a prologue individual time trial on 26 April, and Stage 10 occurred on 6 May with a stage to Barcelona. The race finished in Miranda de Ebro on 15 May.


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Prologue
26 April 1977 — Dehesa de Campoamor to Dehesa de Campoamor, 8 km (5.0 mi) (ITT)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 1
27 April 1977 — Dehesa de Campoamor to La Manga, 115 km (71 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 2
28 April 1977 — La Manga to Murcia, 161 km (100 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 3
29 April 1977 — Murcia to Benidorm, 200 km (120 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 4
30 April 1977 — Benidorm to Benidorm, 8.3 km (5.2 mi) (ITT)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 5
1 May 1977 — Benidorm to El Saler, 159 km (99 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 6
2 May 1977 — Valencia to Teruel, 170 km (110 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 7
3 May 1977 — Teruel to Alcalà de Xivert, 204 km (127 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 8
4 May 1977 — Alcalà de Xivert to Tortosa, 141 km (88 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 9
5 May 1977 — Tortosa to Salou, 144 km (89 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 10
6 May 1977 — Salou to Barcelona, 144 km (89 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19
The 1977 Vuelta a España was the 32nd edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Vuelta began in Dehesa de Campoamor, with a prologue individual time trial on 26 April, and Stage 11a occurred on 7 May with a stage from Barcelona. The race finished in Miranda de Ebro on 15 May.


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 11a
7 May 1977 — Barcelona to Barcelona, 3.8 km (2.4 mi) (ITT)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 11b
7 May 1977 — Barcelona to Barcelona, 45 km (28 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 12
8 May 1977 — Barcelona to La Tossa de Montbui (Santa Margarida de Montbui), 198 km (123 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 13
9 May 1977 — Igualada to La Seu d'Urgell, 135 km (84 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 14
10 May 1977 — La Seu d'Urgell to Monzón, 200 km (120 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 15
11 May 1977 — Monzón to Formigal, 166 km (103 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 16
12 May 1977 — Formigal to Cordovilla, 170 km (110 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 17
13 May 1977 — Cordovilla to Bilbao, 183 km (114 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 18
14 May 1977 — Bilbao to Urkiola, 126 km (78 mi)


1977 Vuelta a España, Stage 11a to Stage 19, Stage 19
15 May 1977 — Durango to Miranda de Ebro, 104 km (65 mi)


1977 WANFL season
The 1977 WANFL season was the 93rd season of the Western Australian National Football League in its various incarnations. It followed on from the previous season's high scoring to set another record for the highest average score in WANFL history at 109.57 points per team per game, which was to be broken substantially in the following few years due to the introduction of the interchange rule allowing for a faster game with less exhausted players. 1977 was in fact that last WA(N)FL season with no score of over 200 points until 1988.


1977 WANFL season
The season saw Perth win their second consecutive premiership with a resounding win and record WA(N)FL Grand Final score over East Fremantle who were in the finals for the first time since their last premiership in 1974. It was the fifth premiership in twelve seasons for the Demons, and their last as of 2016: Perth have not played in a Grand Final since 1978, and have even not qualified for the finals since 1997.


1977 WANFL season
To counter the uneven quality of inter-league matches between the WANFL and the VFL due to recruiting of top interstate players by Victoria, a State of Origin match was held in Perth the week following the Grand Final.


1977 WANFL season
Western Australia showed its quality as a developer of Australian Rules talent with a crushing 94-point win over the best players bred in Victoria, and until the advent of the national competition and the West Coast Eagles State of Origin football proved very popular with Western Australian and South Australian crowds and television in Victoria; however after that it declined to the point of being abandoned after 1999.


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 4
A record third quarter of 15.3 (93) sees Perth kick their highest-ever WA(N)FL score, beating their previous record from 1968 against Swan Districts. The Demon rovers create a “shuttle service” to nine-goal full-forward Couper. South were without Campbell and Mal Brown.


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 6
Subiaco, after being wooden spooners in 1976 and losing their first five by large margins, has coach Brian Douge allow the players to select their own side and let them off training – this unorthodox move wins the Lions their first game and sets them on their best run between 1975 and 1984.


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 7
West Perth’s win against East Fremantle was the biggest in the WAFL with fewer scoring shots until the same round of 1994 beating a record from the 1969 Preliminary Final.


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 8
South Fremantle in a tricky wind kick 1.12 (18) before kicking ten goals straight and crushing Swan Districts


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 9
On the one wet day of the season, South Fremantle kick an exceptional 10.3 (63) with the wind, with future star Stephen Michael dominating the ruck


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 12
Star Perth rover Robert Wiley has an amazing match with 10 goals, four behinds and forty-two possessions, as the Demons kick their second highest score on record.


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 13
Don Haddow kicks winner with last kick of day on best-afield Doug Green, in a manner compared at the time with the 1964 Grand Final.


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 17
Archie Duda kicked ten in comeback from knee trouble to move to 99 goals for the Royals.


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 19
Old Easts wipe off a 44-point deficit in fifteen minutes of the third quarter and hang on to win a thriller


1977 WANFL season, Home-and-away season, Round 20
Ross Glendinning’s brilliant defence allows East Perth to hold Subiaco to 2.0 (12) in first half.


1977 WANFL season, Finals, First semi-final
A superbly skilled and precise defensive effort on a perfect football day by the Cardinals sees East Perth on 0.1 (1) fifteen seconds before half-time, and they never have hope of winning.


1977 WANFL season, Finals, Second semi-final
With Peake and Wiley both absent, Perth rebound dramatically from their last round debacle with Murray Couper kicking eight.


1977 WANFL season, Finals, Grand Final
Perth’s brilliant fleet of small men, with Wiley back for the first time in nine weeks, and a fast-running defence, completely outplays Old Easts to kick the highest ever WA(N)FL Grand Final score.


1977 WANFL season, State of Origin match
This was the first State of Origin game, and saw Western Australia inflict a crushing reversal on Victoria, who had previously been able to utilise countless players born and bred interstate. In the absence of Leigh Matthews and Kevin Bartlett, the Victorian roving division was slaughtered by Cable, Monteath and Max Richardson who kicked six straight.


1977 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
The 1977 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 18th conference playoff in league history. The tournament was played between March 9 and March 17, 1977. All games were played at home team campus sites including the championship series. By reaching the finals both Wisconsin and Michigan were invited to participate in the 1977 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.


1977 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
This was the first year that the WCHA had named one tournament champion in twelve years. After this championship the conference would revert to awarding two teams the postseason title for an additional four years.


1977 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format
The top eight teams in the WCHA, according to their final conference standings, were eligible for the tournament and were seeded No. 1 through No. 8. In the first round the first and eighth seeds, the second and seventh seeds, the third and sixth seeds and the fourth and fifth seeds were matched in two-game series where the school that scored the higher number of goals was declared the winner. After the first round the remaining teams were reseeded No. 1 through No. 4 according to their final conference standings and advanced to the second round. In the second round the first and fourth seeds and the second and third seeds competed in an additional two-game, total goal series with the winners of each advancing to the championship series, again a two-game, total goal match.


1977 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format, Conference Standings
Note: GP = Games Played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; PTS = Points; GF = Goals For; GA = Goals Against


1977 WCT Tournament of Champions
The 1977 WCT Tournament of Champions, also known by its sponsored name Shakeys Tournament of Champions, was a men's tennis tournament that was part of the 1977 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the first edition of the tournament and was held in Lakeway, Texas on 10–13 March (upper half of the draw) and 10–13 July (lower half of the draw), with the final played in the Madison Square Garden, New York on 17 September 1977. Harold Solomon won the title.


1977 WCT Tournament of Champions, Final, Singles
Harold Solomon defeated  Ken Rosewall 7–6, 6–2, 2–6, 0–6, 6–3


1977 WCT Tournament of Champions – Singles
In the inaugural edition of the tournament, Harold Solomon won the title by defeating Ken Rosewall 6–5, 6–2, 2–6, 0–6, 6–3 in the final.


1977 WCT Tournament of Champions – Singles
The tournament was played in three stages. The preliminary draw was played at the World of Tennis Resort in Lakeway, Texas, with the top half being played in March and the bottom half being played in July. The final match was played at the Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York.


1977 WCT World Doubles
The 1977 WCT World Doubles was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Kansas City, United States that was part of the 1977 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the tour finals for the doubles season of the WCT Tour. The tournament was held from May 4 through May 8, 1977.


1977 WCT World Doubles, Final, Doubles
Vijay Amritraj /  Dick Stockton defeated  Vitas Gerulaitis /  Adriano Panatta 7–6, 7–6, 4–6, 6–3


1977 WHA Amateur Draft
The 1977 WHA Amateur Draft was the fifth and final draft held by the World Hockey Association.


1977 WHA Amateur Draft, Selections by Round
Below are listed the selections in the 1977 WHA Amateur Draft.


1977 WTA Tour
The 1977 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Virginia Slims Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the USA) and the Colgate Series. The year 1977 also saw the creation of the first official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.


1977 WTA Tour, Schedule
This is a calendar of all events which were part of either the Virginia Slims circuit or the Colgate International Series in the year 1977, with player progression documented from the quarterfinals stage. Also included are the Grand Slam tournaments, the 1977 Virginia Slims Championships, the 1977 Federation Cup and a number of events not affiliated with either tour.


1977 WTA Tour, Rankings
Below are the 1977 WTA year-end rankings (December 31, 1977) in both singles and doubles competition:


1977 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
The 1977 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach Chuck Mills, the Demon Deacons compiled a 1–10 record and finished in last place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.


1977 Walker Cup
The 1977 Walker Cup, the 26th Walker Cup Match, was played on August 26 and 27, 1977, at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, Southampton, New York. The event was won by the United States 16 to 8.


1977 Walker Cup
The United States led 9–3 after the first day and 11–5 after the second-day foursomes. Needing just a point to retain the trophy, the United States won 5 of the 8 singles matches for a convincing victory. There were no halved matches, although 8 matches went to the last hole.


1977 Walker Cup, Format
The format for play on Friday and Saturday was the same. There were four matches of foursomes in the morning and eight singles matches in the afternoon. In all, 24 matches were played.


1977 Walker Cup, Format
Each of the 24 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 18th hole extra holes were not played. Rather, each side earned ½ a point toward their team total. The team that accumulated at least 12½ points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.


1977 Walker Cup, Teams
Ten players for the United States and Great Britain & Ireland participated in the event plus one non-playing captain for each team.


1977 Washington Huskies football team
The 1977 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season as a member of the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8). The Huskies were led by third-year head coach Don James and played their home games at Husky Stadium in Seattle. They finished the regular season at 7–4 overall, were champions of the Pac-8 at 6–1, and earned a trip to the Rose Bowl on January 2.


1977 Washington Huskies football team
The Huskies were fourteen-point underdogs to #4 Michigan, but upset the Wolverines 27–20.


1977 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections
Two University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1978 NFL Draft, which lasted twelve rounds with 334 selections.


1977 Washington Redskins season
The 1977 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 46th season overall, and would be the last under Hall of Fame head coach George Allen. The season began with the team trying to improve on their 10–4 record from 1976, but they would finish 9-5 and fail to qualify for postseason play.


1977 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 2
In front of a sell out crowd, Billy Kilmer lobbed a two-yard scoring pass to Mike Thomas in the third period and Atlanta failed to capitalize on several opportunities for touchdowns as Washington beats Atlanta. Despite the touchdown pass, Kilmer drew the ire of Washington's fans by throwing two interceptions and fumbling in Atlanta's territory.


1977 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers try to win their first ever game as they their proud defense held the Redskins to just 10 points and only 118 passing yards allowed but still they lost to the Redskins. All of the Redskins 10 points we're scored in the first period. Kicker Mark Moseley kicked a 44-yard field goal and Mike Thomas 6-yard td run were the only scores of the game for both teams. The Redskins limited the Bucs offense to minus 1 yard in the first half and never look back. Redskins Bill Brundige said it best about the Bucs when he said "I leave Tampa admiring their defense. It's a winner but the offense... coach John McKay is going to have to learn that the I-formation isn't going to work. He isn't at USC anymore playing Stanford.


1977 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7
Joe Theismann started at quarterback for Washington and early on he was on his game as he threw two early touchdown passes and Mark Moseley kicked three field goals, Theismann replaced 38-yard-old Billy Kilmer, hit tight end Jean Fugett with a pair of 15-yard touchdown passes on Washington's first two possessions while Moseley kicked field goals of 46 and 30 yards. Moseley added a third one from 51 yards in the third quarter.


1977 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7
The Eagles ran out of time in a bid to win, getting as close to the Redskins' 20-yard line before turning the ball over on downs with 41 seconds to play. The Eagles though gave it a battle as Ron Jaworski tossed a 48-yard touchdown pass to Harold Carmichael, a 16-run touchdown by James Betterson and a 44-yard field goal made this a good game involving these two teams.


1977 Washington Star International
The 1977 Washington Star International was a men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts in Washington, D.C., USA. It was part of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit and categorized as a 4 star event. It was the 9th edition of the tournament and was held in Washington, D.C. from July 18 through July 25, 1977. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title, his second after 1975, and earned the $20,000 first-prize money. The singles final was delayed for two hours due to rain.


1977 Washington Star International, Finals, Doubles
John Alexander /  Phil Dent defeated  Fred McNair /  Sherwood Stewart 7–5, 7–5


1977 Washington State Cougars football team
The 1977 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University in the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their only season under head coach Warren Powers, the Cougars compiled a 6–5 record (3–4 in Pac-8, tied for fourth), and outscored their opponents 263 to 236.


1977 Washington State Cougars football team
The team's statistical leaders included Jack Thompson with 2,372 passing yards, Dan Doornink with 591 rushing yards, and Mike Levenseller with 736 receiving yards.


1977 Washington State Cougars football team
The Cougars opened the season with an upset win at fifteenth-ranked Nebraska.


1977 Washington State Cougars football team
Previously an assistant with the Huskers, Powers left after just twelve months in Pullman for Missouri of the Big Eight Conference. His predecessor in 1976, Jackie Sherrill, also lasted just one season with the Cougars. Offensive backfield coach Jim Walden was promoted to head coach less than a week later, and led the WSU program for nine years.


1977 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft
Eight Cougars were selected in the 1978 NFL Draft; Ken Greene was the first player from WSU taken in the first round in thirteen years.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking
The 1977 Hanafi Siege occurred on March 9–11, 1977 when three buildings in Washington, D.C. were seized by 12 "Hanafi Movement" gunmen. The gunmen were led by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis, who wanted to bring attention to the murder of his family in 1973. They took 149 hostages and killed radio journalist Maurice Williams. After a 39-hour standoff, the gunmen surrendered and all remaining hostages were released from the District Building (the city hall; now called the John A. Wilson Building), B'nai B'rith headquarters, and the Islamic Center of Washington.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking
The gunmen killed 24-year-old Maurice Williams, a radio reporter from WHUR-FM, who stepped off a fifth-floor elevator into the crisis (the fifth floor is where the mayor and Council Chairmen have their offices). The gunmen also shot D.C. Protective Service Division police officer Mack Cantrell, who died in the hospital a few days later of a heart attack. Then-Councilman and future 4-term Washington, D.C. Mayor Marion Barry walked into the hallway after hearing a commotion and was hit by a ricocheted shotgun pellet, which lodged just above his heart. He was taken out through a window and rushed to a hospital.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking
The gunmen had several demands. They wanted the government to hand over a group of men who had been convicted of killing seven relatives – mostly children – of takeover leader Hamaas Khaalis. They wanted those that were convicted of killing Malcolm X. They also demanded premiere of Mohammad, Messenger of God canceled and the film destroyed because they considered it sacrilegious.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking
That the toll was not higher was in part a tribute to the primary tactic U.S. law enforcement officials are now using to thwart terrorists—patience. But most of all, perhaps, it was due to the courageous intervention of three Muslim ambassadors, Egypt's Ashraf Ghorbal, Pakistan's Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan and Iran's Ardeshir Zahedi.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Background
The leader of the attack was Hamaas Abdul Khaalis, a former national secretary of the Nation of Islam. Khaalis was born Ernest McGhee in Indiana in 1921. Discharged from the U.S. Army on grounds of mental instability, he worked as a jazz drummer in New York City before converting to Islam and changing his name to Hamaas Khaalis. He became prominent in the ministries and school of the Nation of Islam and was appointed its national secretary in the early 1950s.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Background
Khaalis split with the Nation of Islam in 1958 to found a rival Islamic organisation, the Hanafi Movement. In 1968, he was arrested for attempted extortion but released on grounds of mental illness. The same year,  militant students at Howard University formed a group called the Kokayi family. When that was disbanded, many of its members became members of Hamaas' Hanafi American Mussulman's Rifle and Pistol Club, which was given a group membership charter by the National Rifle Association.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Background
In 1972, Hamaas published an open letter attacking the leadership and beliefs of the Nation of Islam. A year later, five men broke into Khaalis' Washington, D.C. home and murdered five of his children, his nine-day-old grandson and another man. The murderers were arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. Khaalis claimed the men were associated with the Nation of Islam, and that the government had not held the Nation of Islam accountable.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Building takeovers
On March 9, 1977, seven members of Khaalis' group burst into the headquarters of B'nai B'rith at 1640 Rhode Island Ave N.W. in downtown Washington, 5 miles (8 kilometers) south of Khaalis' headquarters at 7700 16th Street NW and took over 100 hostages. Less than an hour later, three men entered the Islamic Center of Washington, and took eleven hostages. At 2:20 pm, two Hanafis entered the District Building, three blocks from the White House. They went to the fifth floor looking for important people to take hostage.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Building takeovers
When an elevator opened the hostage-takers thought they were under assault and fired, killing Maurice Williams, a reporter for WHUR-FM radio, and injuring DC Protective Service Division Police Officer Mack Cantrell. Then-councilman Marion Barry was struck by a ricochet in the chest and two others were wounded. "Throughout the siege Khaalis denounced the Jewish judge who had presided at the trial of his family's killers. ' The Jews control the courts and the press,' " he repeatedly charged.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Demands
Khaalis and his followers wanted those convicted for the 1973 murders handed over to them, presumably for execution. They wanted those that were convicted of killing Malcolm X. They also wanted to receive visits from Muslim leader Warith Deen Mohammed and champion boxer Muhammad Ali, long an active Nation of Islam supporter. Khaalis also demanded that he be refunded $750 in legal fees caused by a contempt of court citation issued in response to shouting at one of defendants on trial for murdering seven of his family members.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Demands
Time noted: "He also wanted the recently released film Mohammad, Messenger of God, to be banned on the grounds that it is sacrilegious. Khaalis' concern over the film was thought to have triggered the attack." He made this determination about the sacrilegious nature of the film based on the mistaken impression that Mohammad was a character seen or heard in the film, which is not the case. The main characters are relatives whose portrayal is not forbidden by religious tradition. The kidnappers made some of their demands on air by calling the then popular broadcast journalist Max Robinson.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Negotiations and resolution
When Khaalis was informed that people were worried about the fate of the hostages, Khaalis said, "Nobody showed any concern when my family was killed several years earlier." He told a reporter,


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Negotiations and resolution
Get on the phone and call President Carter and some of those senators that never sent a call, a condolence message. Do you not realize when my family was wiped out [no] one said one word? Not one. Not even a preacher. Not even a minister. Not even a spiritual advisor. Not even a city council member. So, I'm very glad you're worried now. When they wiped out my family, I didn't hear about your sympathy and emotions. I got a letter the other day from my brother telling me how the brother was swaggering around in jail, the killer of Malcolm, walking around with guards protecting him. Well tell him it's over. Tell him it's payday.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Negotiations and resolution
The money from the contempt of court citation was returned and the movie premiere was cancelled. Convicted killers of his family and Malcolm X were not delivered. Part of the negotiations were conducted by the three Muslim ambassadors, who "read to the gunmen passages from the Quran that they said demonstrated Islam’s compassion and mercy. They urged the gunmen to surrender."


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Negotiations and resolution
On the evening of the following day, following a number of phone calls, the three ambassadors, along with a few Washington, D.C. officials (including police commander Joseph O'Brien, who had investigated the murder of Khaalis' children and was trusted by Khaalis) met with the Hanafis. The ambassadors of Pakistan, Iran, and Egypt read the Quran with Khaalis to appeal to his conscience. Finally, Khaalis and the others involved in the hostage taking at the two sites where no one was killed were allowed to be charged and then freed on their own recognizance. All 12 were later tried and convicted, with Khaalis receiving a sentence of 21 to 120 years for his role.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, Aftermath
Khaalis died at the Federal Correctional Complex Prison in Butner, North Carolina, on November 13, 2003. Marion Barry recovered from his wounds and was later elected mayor. In 2007, the fifth floor press room at the Wilson Building was named for the slain reporter, Maurice Williams.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, In popular culture
John W. King wrote about the Hanafi siege in his book, The Breeding of Contempt. The book chronicles the siege and his family's becoming the first African American family in the Federal Witness Protection Program after the massacre of the Khaalis family.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, In popular culture
The siege is mentioned in Joni Mitchell's song "Otis And Marlena" from her 1977 album Don Juan's Reckless Daughter. In the song, the title characters travel "for sun and fun / While Muslims stick up Washington".


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, In popular culture
The Jonathan Leaf play The Caterers, which was produced Off Broadway in 2005, portrayed a modern-day version of the siege.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, In popular culture
University of Richmond associate professor of journalism Shahan Mufti was awarded the 2020 J. Anthony Lukas Work-In-Progress Award for his book, AMERICAN CALIPH: The True Story of the Hanafi Siege, America’s First Homegrown Islamic Terror Attack, to be published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux.


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, In popular culture
One of the workers at B'nai B'rith who was taken hostage was their public relations director, Bernard Simon, father of filmmaker David Simon. In 2020, David Simon included in his HBO mini-series The Plot Against America an incident from the attack: Bernard Simon was tasked during the siege with feeding the other hostages. He noted that the food provided by the nearby Hilton was bologna with mayonnaise on white bread, which is a food combination normally eschewed by kosher Jews. The elder Simon joked "Mayonnaise on white bread? I think they're trying to kill us."


1977 Washington, D.C. attack and hostage taking, In popular culture
In The Plot Against America, the line is uttered as a moment of levity by Herman Levin when he is given that same meal at a roadside eatery during a road trip to rescue a young child who has just been orphaned by a KKK gang that killed the boy's mother.


1977 Wayne State Tartars football team
The 1977 Wayne State Tartars football team represented Wayne State University as a member of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) during the 1977 NCAA Division II football season. In their fourth year under head coach Dick Lowry, the Tartars compiled a 7–4 record (3–2 against GLIAC opponents) and finished in second place in the conference.


1977 Wellington City mayoral election
The 1977 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1977, election were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including eighteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1977 Wellington City mayoral election, Background
The 1977 mayoralty was notable for the highly publicized candidacy of Carmen Rupe, a transgender drag performer and brothel keeper. With the support of local businessman Bob Jones, who organised her campaign and wrote her speeches, Carmen's campaign utilised the slogans Get in Behind and Carmen for Mayor and campaigned on a platform to legalise gay marriage and brothels, despite neither being local-government matters in New Zealand.


1977 Wellington City mayoral election, Background
Former mayor Sir Frank Kitts attempted a comeback after losing narrowly three years earlier. His candidature took many by surprise with the press expecting Labour to try and rejuvenate. Local businessman Jim Belich was approached, but he declined for personal reasons. Frank O'Flynn also considered standing, but withdrew in favour of Kitts, though O'Flynn stood on the council ticket and was elected. A Dominion editorial said of Kitts' candidature "No one knew what Frank Kitts did during his three years in the political wilderness and no one knew why he wanted to come back". His support in the mayoral race fell further, though he was again elected to the Wellington Harbour Board where his vote increased.


1977 West Bank Premier League
1977 West Bank Premier League was the first season of the West Bank Premier League and the 4th completion of the Palestinian Top Tier. The Champion was Silwan.


1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections was held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977. The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre. The Left Front won a landslide victory. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet.


1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Background
After the Janata Party won the national parliamentary election in March 1977 the new government in Delhi opted to dissolve the assemblies in nine states where the Indian National Congress (R) had lost the parliamentary polls and call for fresh elections. West Bengal was one of these states. The Congress(R) opposed the dissolution of the assemblies, the incumbent West Bengal Congress(R) government petitioned the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court rejected the petition on 30 April 1977 and the West Bengal assembly was dissolved on order from the acting president B.D. Jatti.


1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Background
Ahead of the March 1977 parliamentary election the Left Front (a new alliance led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist)) and the Janata Party had contested with a seat-sharing agreement. With the assembly elections approaching, the two sides sought to build a seat-sharing agreement. But the negotiation turned fruitless, and the Left Front and Janata Party parted ways. The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 56% of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to Janata Party leader Prafulla Chandra Sen, but the Janata Party insisted on 70% of the seats.


1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Background
There were 25,984,474 eligible voters, voter turn-out stood at 56.15%.


1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Campaign
In most areas the West Bengal assembly election saw a triangular contest between the Left Front, the Congress(R) and the Janata Party for the 294 seats across the constituency. The Left Front fielded 293 candidates; CPI(M) contested 224 seats, the All India Forward Bloc 36, the Revolutionary Socialist Party 23, the Marxist Forward Bloc 3, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India 4, the Biplobi Bangla Congress 2 and 1 Left Front supported independent. Congress(R) contested 290 seats and Janata Party 289 seats.


1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Results
The Left Front won the election, winning 231 out of the 294 seats. The electoral result came as a surprise to the Left Front itself, as it had offered 52% of the seats in the pre-electoral seat sharing talks with the Janata Party. On 21 June 1977 the Left Front formed a government with Jyoti Basu as its Chief Minister. The first cabinet meeting of the Left Front government ordered the release of political prisoners.


1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Results
Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) leader Santosh Rana was elected as an independent from Gopiballavpur.


1977 West Glamorgan County Council election
The second election to West Glamorgan County Council and was held in May 1977. It was preceded by the 1973 election and followed by the 1981 election.


1977 West Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates
The Labour Party fielded candidates in every ward. A significant proportion of seats were contested by the Conservative Party and Plaid Cymru with fewer candidates fielded by the Liberal Party.


1977 West Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates
Numerous members of the former Glamorgan County Council stood for election.


1977 West Texas State Buffaloes football team
The 1977 West Texas State Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented West Texas State University (now known as West Texas A&M University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their first year under head coach Bill Yung, the team compiled a 6–4–1 record (4–1 in the MVC).


1977 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1977 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. It was the Mountaineers' 85th overall season and they competed as an independent. The team was led by head coach Frank Cignetti Sr., in his secondyear, and played their home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia. They finished the season with a record 5–6.


1977 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 19 February 1977 to elect all 55 members to the Legislative Assembly and 17 members to the 32-seat Legislative Council. The Liberal-National Country coalition government, led by Premier Sir Charles Court, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Colin Jamieson.


1977 Western Australian state election
The election produced a decisive victory for the Coalition, attributed by some observers to its strong and organised campaign, the Premier's ability in dealing with the media and good economic times built on resource exports, as contrasted against the Labor Opposition's often unfocussed campaign dwelling on the government's perceived autocratic methods and those sections of the general population which were not benefitting from the good times.


1977 Western Australian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly
Western Australian state election, 19 February 1977Legislative Assembly << 1974–1980 >>


1977 Western Carolina Catamounts football team
The 1977 Western Carolina Catamounts team represented Western Carolina University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The Catamounts were led by ninth-year head coach Bob Waters and played their home games at E. J. Whitmire Stadium in Cullowhee, North Carolina. The finished the season with an overall record of 6–4–1 and a mark of 2–2–1 in conference play, placing fifth in the SoCon.


1977 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 1977 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their third season under head coach Elliot Uzelac, the Broncos compiled a 4–7 record (3–5 against MAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents, 261 to 231. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.


1977 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The team's statistical leaders included Albert Little with 802 passing yards, Jerome Persell with 1,339 rushing yards, and Craig Frazier with 319 receiving yards. Linebacker Howard Nevins and fullback Keith Rogien were the team captains. Tailback Jerome Persell received the team's most outstanding player award. Persell was also named MAC offensive player of the year for the second of what would be three consecutive years.


1977 Whitbread Awards
The Whitbread Awards (1971–2005), called Costa Book Awards since 2006, are literary awards in the United Kingdom, awarded both for high literary merit but also for works considered enjoyable reading. This page gives details of the awards given in the year 1977.


1977 Wichita State Shockers football team
The 1977 Wichita State Shockers football team was an American football team that represented  Wichita State as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their fourth year under head coach Jim Wright, the team compiled a 5–6 record.


1977 Wightman Cup
The 1977 Wightman Cup was the 49th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California in the United States.


1977 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships
The 1977 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships was the 10th edition of the global wildwater canoeing competition, Wildwater Canoeing World Championships, organised by the International Canoe Federation.


1977 Wilkes 400
The 1977 Wilkes 400 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that was held on October 2, 1977, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.


1977 Wilkes 400
By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
North Wilkesboro Speedway was a short track that held races in NASCAR's top three series, including 93 Winston Cup Series races. The track, a NASCAR original, operated from 1949, NASCAR's inception, until the track's closure in 1996. The speedway briefly reopened in 2010 and hosted several Stock Car Series races, including the now-defunct ASA Late Model Series, USARacing Pro Cup Series, and PASS Super Late Models, before closing forever in the spring of 2011. The track is located on U.S. Route 421, about five miles east of the town of North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. It measured 0.625 miles (1.006 km) and featured a unique uphill backstretch and downhill frontstretch.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
Three drivers entered the 1970 Wilkes 400 in a very close points race. Bobby Isaac was just ahead of James Hylton, and Bobby Allison was close behind. But Richard Petty, who was out of the points because of a shoulder injury suffered at Darlington in May, was considered the favorite to win the race. Isaac started from the pole for a record-tying fourth consecutive time, matching Fred Lorenzen and Herb Thomas with a qualifying lap time of 21.346 seconds / 105.406 mph.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
Fans were given quite a show as Isaac and Petty exchanged the lead a total of 11 times throughout the race. Isaac, in the Nord Krauskopf's K&K Insurance Dodge, led 179 laps and took the win by six car lengths over Petty. Petty, who had started the race in third position led the most laps in the race with 216. Bobby Allison started fourth and finished fourth behind his brother, Donnie Allison. And Hylton finished fifth at the end of day. Isaac advanced to become the 1970 Winston Cup Champion at season's end, with Allison being the runner-up in points.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
Bad weather in 1971 caused the Wilkes 400 to be postponed to November 21. Due to the Grand National Series' struggling car counts, cars from NASCAR's Grand American Series were allowed to run in this race. Charlie Glotzbach broke the track record in qualifying at 20.919 seconds / 107.558 mph. It was the first lap ever run under 21 seconds at  North Wilkesboro, ending Bobby Isaac's run of five consecutive poles at the track. Tiny Lund, driving a 1970 Camaro, qualified sixth and led just seven laps on his way to the victory.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
Lund also won another race driving the Camaro that season at Hickory. Glotzbach finished second, six seconds behind Lund, after leading 76 laps in the race. Richard Petty started from the outside pole and led 306 laps to finish third. Dave Marcis finished fourth, two laps down, and Benny Parsons rounded out the top five. Bobby Allison was the only other driver to lead, running 11 laps out front before losing an engine prior to the half.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
The Wilkes 400 in 1972 was one of the wildest finishes in NASCAR Cup Series history. Buddy Baker won the pole in the No. 71 K&K Insurance Dodge owned by Nord Krauskopf, but he only led the first lap of the race. Richard Petty and Bobby Allison swapped the lead for the rest of the race, beating and banging each other for the win. At times was more of a demolition derby than a race. Both cars were destroyed by the end, with Allison's car noticeably smoking. This was the peak of the Petty-Allison rivalry. Petty was declared the winner, but in Victory Lane, a fan tried to attack him. But he was defended by his helmet-wielding brother, Maurice Petty. This was Richard Petty's last of 137 wins in a Plymouth.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
In the Gwyn Staley 400 of 1973, Bobby Allison landed on the pole with a qualifying lap of 21.077 seconds / 106.750 MPH. Richard Petty qualified on the outside pole, and in dominating fashion he led 386 laps, winning by over four laps. It was Petty's tenth career win at North Wilkesboro and his 151st career NASCAR victory. Benny Parsons led six laps and finished second. Buddy Baker finished third in the No. 71 K&K Insurance Dodge owned by Nord Krauskopf. Allison lead seven laps and finished fourth in the race. Cecil Gordon rounded out the top five finishers. Yvon DuHamel, a top AMA road racer from Quebec, drove a Mercury prepared by Junie Donlavey and finished in tenth place in his only career Cup race. Twenty of the 30 cars that entered the race were running at the finish.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
In the Wilkes 400 of 1973 Bobby Allison, driving for his own No. 12 Coca-Cola team, won the pole position. He and Richard Petty led most of the race, Allison with 161 and Petty with 222. As Petty led the race late, Allison pitted and got fresh tires on a late pit stop, running down Petty and passing him on the final lap. It was considered as one of the most exciting races ever at North Wilkesboro Speedway.


1977 Wilkes 400, Background
In 1975 the NASCAR Baby Grand Series, later known as Goody's Dash Series, ran its first race at North Wilkesboro, with a win by Dean Combs