1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Kandy District
A Tamil man was clubbed and stripped, and a Tamil woman was hit with a stick covered with barbed wire. In one case, the police had looked on as the mobs pillaged a shop. At Hindagala, a Tamil man was severely assaulted and later died of his injuries. At Pilimathalawa, buses were stopped and Tamil passengers were assaulted and stripped. At the train station too, Tamils were attacked. A mob of 50 attacked the house of Tamil lecturer at Peradeniya University. The police and army arrested 12 rioters. The rioters were taken to the Theological College but later released. A Hindu temple at Peradeniya University was looted and destroyed. Estates in Kadugannawa, Ulapane, Dolosbage, Nawalapitiya were also attacked by Sinhalese colonists and villagers in the vicinity of the estate. Tamil houses, shops, and factories were attacked and burned.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Kurunegala District
At Ibbankatuwa, recently settled Sinhalese colonists attacked Tamils, setting houses on fire and killed three Tamils, Three Tamils were raped. In Kurunegala town, several Tamil businesses were burned. During attacks on estates, several Tamils were assaulted and some were killed. In Wariyapola, when a Tamil shopkeeper complained about his shop being looted to police, the latter showed no interest in helping and retorted that Sinhalese police officers were being killed in Jaffna. 35-40 Tamils had been assaulted and looted while on the train at Polgahawela. Tamil shops and homes were burned and the Kathiresan temple was set on fire.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Kurunegala District
At Alawwa, a Tamil shopkeeper was killed during an attack on his shop. When a Tamil man sheltering Tamils in his house called police to report an attack on his house, they hung up on him. The mob invaded the house and attacked the Tamils there, killing two. They then tried to burn alive 3 Tamils who had not been killed, but the Tamils managed to survive. When police and army arrived at the house, they complained that Sinhalese police officers and civilians were butchered in Jaffna. In another case, a Tamil man was nearly burned alive by a mob, and nearby police officers and soldiers did nothing. A Sinhalese friend intervened on the Tamil man's behalf and rescued him.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Kurunegala District
A train full of Sinhalese thugs arrived at Maho at around 6:30 am on 17 August. It had been delayed at Anuradhapura. The Tamil passengers in the train were assaulted, as were Tamil passengers awaiting the train to Batticaloa. 16 Tamil-owned shops were burnt and 9 shops rented to Tamils were looted. Two Hindu kovils were attacked and damaged. A drunken gang of youths looted the Tamil-owned Walawwawatte estate. A Tamil telephone switch connector overheard a conversation where the HQI of Maho Police station called the Superintendent of Police, he informed him that all Tamil shops were burnt, to which the superintendent replied "good show."


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Kurunegala District
At Galgamuwa, Tamil businesses and houses were also looted and burned. The Pillaiyar temple was also looted. At Migalawa, Tamil engineers were attacked and a Tamil labourer was killed. Before dying, the labourer had shot the mob and the mob was now in possession of the mob. Another Tamil engineer took the gun and used it to keep the mob at bay. An army unit arrived where the attack took place. They took the Tamil man's gun but did not rescue any of the Tamils nor did they challenge the mob. After the army left, a police jeep arrived and dispersed the mob.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Kegalle District
In Kegalle town, a Hindu temple was attacked and its Tamil watcher was attacked with a razor blade. He was not allowed to go to the hospital since he was Tamil and was tended to by a Sinhalese ayurvedic doctor. Several Tamils and their houses in the estates were attacked by Sinhalese mobs. Two Tamils were cut. At Ambanpiuya Estate, a Tamil woman was gang raped by 3 youths. An 80 year-old man was killed at Karandupona Estate. At the same estate, a worker was killed and two Tamil estate labourers were raped. At Niyandurupola, a mob had attacked a Tamil man and he later died from his injuries.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Trincomalee District
Trincomalee District saw two-sided violence between Sinhalese and Tamils. At Kantale Sinhalese mobs attacked Tamils and their properties. Several Tamils were killed by the mobs and others were injured. Buses were stopped and their Tamil passengers were attacked A few Tamils had gone missing and were assumed to be dead. At Nilaveli, a truck with Sinhalese soldiers and civilians fired at a Tamil cultivator and damaged his property. In the same town, a Buddhist temple had been fired at.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Trincomalee District
A Trincomalee town itself, there was two-sided violence, though most victims were Tamils. On 21 August, a Buddhist monk was attacked by a Tamil mob. A Sinhalese family had been asked to leave the town by a Tamil-speaking man. While fleeing, they were shot at by a Tamil mob, killing three men and injuring a woman. Several other Sinhalese had their homes and shops burnt. A Sinhalese man was assaulted. Not long after the attacks on Sinhalese began, Sinhalese mobs attacked Tamils. Tamil shops and houses were looted and burned. Several Tamils were assaulted. At Palaiyuthu, several Tamils had been attacked and one was killed. At least 12 Tamil houses had been burnt.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Nuwara Eliya District
A Tamil man was attacked near the kachcheri at Nuwara Eliya. When police were called to transport the injured man to the hospital, they claimed that there were neither officers nor vehicles to transport the man. The man later died. At the Ambewela farm, Tamils were attacked. One Tamil had gasoline thrown on him and was injured. They had contacted police to transport them, but the police did not arrive for 3 days. The army eventually took the injured Tamil.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Matale District
Several Tamil houses were attacked throughout Matale by Sinhalese rioters, and many Tamils were hurt. In Kotagoda, a Tamil man was assaulted and his house was looted and burned. His six daughters were gang raped by about 8-9 men. In Pallepola too a Tamil woman was gang raped by a Sinhalese gang. In Asgiriya, several Sinhalese broke into a Tamil woman's home and shot dead her husband and brother. At Sellagamma, a Tamil man was beaten and then shot dead. Another Tamil was killed at Elkaduwa in the Mala Colony. Hindu temples in Ukkuwela and Udupihilla were burned. One Tamil man reported seeing the words "Kill Tamils" in Sinhala painted on buses in Palapathwela.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, The ethnic pogrom, Matale District
Anti - Tamil violence in Dambulla flared on 17 August. Several Tamil shops were looted and burned. In three cases, policemen had refused to give protection to the Tamil victims. A Sinhalese mob severely assaulted a Tamil civil engineer. A Tamil man was set on fire but survived.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, Government response
Questioned in Parliament by Amirthalingam, Prime Minister Jayewardene was defiant, blaming the riots on the TULF:


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, Government response
People become restive when they hear that a separate state is to be formed. Whatever it is, when statements of that type are made, the newspapers carry them throughout the island, and when you say that you are not violent, but that violence may be used in time to come, what do you think the other people in Sri Lanka will do? How will they react? If you want to fight, let there be a fight; if it is peace, let there be peace; that is what they will say. It is not what I am saying. The people of Sri Lanka say that.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, Government response
Finally, on August 20, the government ordered curfews and deployed the military to quell the riots.


1977 anti-Tamil pogrom, Aftermath
More than 75,000 plantation Tamils became victims of racial and ethnic violence and were forced to relocate to parts of North and East Sri Lanka. The events during the pogrom radicalized Tamil youths, convincing many that the TULF's strategy of using legal and constitutional means to achieve independence would never work, and armed insurrection was the only way forward. The outbreak of the pogrom highlighted the TULF's inability to provide safety for the Tamils. It was only after the pogrom, the TELO and LTTE, the two major Tamil liberation groups began an active campaign for a separate Tamil Eelam. Uma Maheswaran, a TULF activist, joined the LTTE in 1977 and was made the organization's chairman by Velupillai Prabhakaran. Many such Tamil activists began to join various Tamil militant groups to fight for separate statehood.


1977 elections in India
Elections in India in 1977 included Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) elections in several Indian states, including Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.


1977 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Goa
An election was held in the Indian Union territory of Goa in 1977, to elect 30 members to the Goa Legislative Assembly.


1977 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Jammu and Kashmir
Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in June 1977, which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state. Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as the Chief Minister.


1977 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Tamil Nadu
The sixth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on June 10, 1977. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the election defeating its rival Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R), the AIADMK founder and a leading Tamil film actor, was sworn in as Chief Minister for the first time. The election was a four cornered contest between the AIADMK, DMK, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Janata Party. Earlier on 17 October 1972, M.G.R had founded the AIADMK following his expulsion from the DMK after differences arose between him and DMK leader M. Karunanidhi.


1977 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Tamil Nadu
On 31 January 1976, Karunanidhi's government was dismissed by the central government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi citing corruption charges against Karunanidhi and President's rule was imposed on the state. Karunanidhi had been at odds with Indira Gandhi over his opposition to Emergency and allied with Janata Party founded by Jayaprakash Narayan. Meanwhile, M.G.R had developed a close relationship with Indira Gandhi and supported the Emergency. M.G.R remained as Chief Minister until his death in 1987, winning the next two elections held in 1980 and 1984.


1977 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, West Bengal
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977. The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre. The Left Front won a landslide victory, much to the surprise of the left parties themselves. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet.


1977 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Afghanistan.


1977 in Afghanistan, January 30–February 15, 1977
Daud Khan's position is further strengthened by the proceedings of the Grand National Assembly (loya jirga). This body of notables nominated by the provincial governors last met in 1973 to ratify the abolition of the monarchy and the birth of the republic. Its task in 1977 is to approve a new constitution, the main features of which are the vesting of wide powers in the President as Head of State, henceforward to be elected by the Grand Assembly every six years, and the reaffirmation of Islamic institutions as the core of national life. The Assembly approves the constitution on February 14, having written in several new articles and amended others. It endorses the president's policy of nonalignment in foreign affairs and the cultivation of friendship with other Islamic countries.


1977 in Afghanistan, March 2, 1977
Agreement on the resumption of air communications between Afghanistan and Pakistan and India is reached, as relations continue to improve. The idea of a "Pakhtun" state is not abandoned, but support for it is less strident.


1977 in Afghanistan, March 18, 1977
Daud Khan appoints a new cabinet composed of sycophants, friends, sons of friends, and even collateral members of the royal family. Daud continues to be responsible for the office of Foreign Minister but relinquishes the Defense portfolio.


1977 in Afghanistan, April 12–15, 1977
Daud Khan pays an official visit to the Soviet Union. A trade treaty is signed in Moscow on April 14. Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev criticizes Daud for allowing Western specialists into the northern provinces of Afghanistan.


1977 in Afghanistan, April 1977
Waheed Abdullah, Deputy Foreign Minister, is promoted to Foreign Minister.


1977 in Afghanistan, July 1977
The two major leftist organizations, the Khalq ("Masses") and Parcham parties, reunite against Daud Khan after a 10-year separation to form the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) with Nur Mohammad Taraki as secretary-general. There follows a series of political assassinations, massive anti-government demonstrations, and arrests of major leftist leaders.


1977 in American soccer
The 1977 season was the 65th season of competitive soccer in the United States.


1977 in American television
This is a list of American television-related events in 1977.


1977 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Australia.


1977 in Australia, Television
3 April - When Countdown celebrated 100 episodes, Ian "Molly" Meldrum felt tired and emotional. Regulars Daryl Braithwaite & John Paul Young both fill in for Meldrum for the last remainder of the show.


1977 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1977.


1977 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1977 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1977 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1977 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1977 in Australian soccer
The 1977 season was the eighth season of competitive association football in Australia.


1977 in Australian television
This is a list of Australian television-related events in 1977.


1977 in Bangladesh
1977 (MCMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1977th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 977th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th  year of the 20th century, and the  8th   year of the 1970s decade.


1977 in Bangladesh
The year 1977 was the 6th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the first year of the Government of Ziaur Rahman. In this year while the new President had to deal with a number of mutiny and overthrow attempts, he also managed to consolidate his power through a referendum, and promoted a nineteen-point political and economic program focusing on population control, food security, education and rural development.


1977 in Bangladesh, Economy
Note: For the year 1977 average official exchange rate for BDT was 15.38 per US$.


1977 in Belgian television
This is a list of Belgian television related events from 1977.


1977 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1977 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 76th season of competitive football in the country.


1977 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1977.


1977 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1977.


1977 in British music
This is a summary of 1977 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.


1977 in British music, Year-end charts
1977 is the first year for which "full year" UK year-end charts exist – in order to be published in the year's final issue of Music Week and to be broadcast on BBC Radio 1 on New Year's Day, the collection of sales data had a cut-off point sometime in early December each year.


1977 in British music, Year-end charts
This continued to be the case until 1983, when Gallup took over the compilation of the charts from the British Market Research Bureau (BMRB) and automated the data collection process, which meant that sales could be tabulated right up until the end of the year and still produced in time for the Radio 1 broadcast. However, from 1977 to 1982 (with the exception of 1979), BMRB produced updated charts a few months later which included the missing final weeks' sales for each year.


1977 in British music, Year-end charts
The tables below include sales between 1 January and 30 December 1977: the year-end charts reproduced in the issue of Music Week dated 24 December 1977 and played on Radio 1 on 1 January 1978 only include sales figures up until 10 December 1977.


1977 in British music, Year-end charts, Best-selling singles
Despite spending four weeks at number one, Rod Stewart's "I Don't Want to Talk About It"/"The First Cut Is the Deepest" was only placed at number 33 on the year-end chart for 1977, the lowest ranked number one single of the year, and lower than another of Stewart's singles, "You're in My Heart", which only reached number three.


1977 in British music, Year-end charts, Best-selling singles
Some chart-watchers claim to have evidence that an incorrect panel sale figure was applied to sales during the period that "I Don't Want to Talk About It"/"The First Cut Is the Deepest" was out, resulting in a lower estimation of the single's total sales, and that the single should actually be placed inside the top fifteen year-end positions. However, this claim has never been verified by BMRB or any of the subsequent chart compilers.


1977 in British music, Year-end charts, Best-selling albums
The list of the top fifty best-selling albums of 1977 were published in the third edition of the BPI Year Book in 1978. However, in 2007 the Official Charts Company published album chart histories for each year from 1956 to 1977, researched by historian Sharon Mawer, and included an updated list of the top ten best-selling albums for each year based on the new research. The updated top ten for 1977 is shown in the table below.


1977 in British music, Music awards, BRIT Awards
The 1977 BRIT Awards were to mark the Queen's Silver Jubilee and were for the previous 25 years of her reign. The winners were:


1977 in British radio
This is a list of events in British radio during 1977.


1977 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1977.


1977 in Cambodia
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Cambodia.


1977 in Canadian television
The following is a list of events affecting Canadian television in 1977. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches.


1977 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Cape Verde.


1977 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Chile.


1977 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 1977.


1977 in Croatian television, Deaths
This Croatian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1977 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1977.


1977 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1977.


1977 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1977 in Estonia.


1977 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1977.


1977 in Estonian television, Deaths
This Estonian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1977 in French television
This is a list of French television related events from 1977.


1977 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 1977.


1977 in Greece
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Greece.


1977 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1977 in Iceland.


1977 in India
Events in the year 1977 in the Republic of India.


1977 in Irish television
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 1977.


1977 in Israel, Events
On 17 May 1977 Menachem Begin led the Likud party to victory in the 9th Israeli legislative election


1977 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1977 include:


1977 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1977 include:


1977 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1977 include:


1977 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1977.


1977 in Italian television, Events, Private channels.
On Italy, 256 private channels are registered, but only 80 are really active; they are reunited in two organizations, the National Consortium of Free TV and the catholic FIEL.


1977 in Italian television, Debuts, Serials
In 1977, RAI increases considerably the importation of American serials. Columbo and Happy Days get an immediate success, but the hit of the year is Fury; the "Western horse" becomes the Italian children's favorite, also if his adventures are in black and white and twenty years old.


1977 in Japan
Events in the year 1977 in Japan. It corresponds to Shōwa 52 (昭和52年) in the Japanese calendar.


1977 in LGBT rights
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 1977.


1977 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Laos.


1977 in Libya
The following lists events that happened in 1977 in Libya.


1977 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


1977 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1977, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. MAS Flight 653 was hijacked and crashed in Johor on 16 December, killing 100 people.


1977 in Michigan
The Associated Press (AP) selected Michigan's top stories of 1977 as follows:


1977 in Michigan
The AP and the United Press International (UPI) each selected the state's top sports stories of 1977 as follows:


1977 in Michigan, Population
In the 1970 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 8,875,083 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1980, the state's population had grown 4.4% to 9,262,078 persons.


1977 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 70,000 based on 1970 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1960 and 1980 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1977 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 120,000 based on 1970 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1960 and 1980 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1977 in Michigan, Music
Albums and singles by Michigan artists or centered on Michigan topics that were released or became hits in 1977 include the following:


1977 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in New Zealand.


1977 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
1977 was the second full year of the 38th Parliament. The Third National Government was in power.


1977 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Music
The New Zealand Music Awards were not held this year.


1977 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Television
See : 1977 in New Zealand television, 1977 in television, List of TVNZ television programming, Category:Television in New Zealand, Category:New Zealand television shows, Public broadcasting in New Zealand


1977 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1977 film awards, 1977 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1977 films


1977 in New Zealand television
This is a list of New Zealand television-related events in 1977.


1977 in New Zealand television, Births
This New Zealand television–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1977 in Nigeria
The following is a list of events in 1977 in Nigeria.


1977 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1977 in Norwegian music.


1977 in Portugal
This is a list of events that occurred in the year 1977 in Portugal.


1977 in Portugal, Arts and entertainment
Portugal participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, with Os Amigos and the song "Portugal no coração".


1977 in Portugal, Sport
In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1976–77 Primeira Divisão and 1977–78 Primeira Divisão; for the Taça de Portugal seasons, see 1976–77 Taça de Portugal and 1977–78 Taça de Portugal.


1977 in Rhodesia
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Rhodesia.


1977 in Scottish television
This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1977.


1977 in Singapore
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Singapore.


1977 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in South Africa.


1977 in Swedish football
The 1977 season in Swedish football, starting April 1977 and ending November 1977:


1977 in Taiwan
Events from the year 1977 in Taiwan. This year is numbered Minguo 66 according to the official Republic of China calendar.


1977 in Thailand
The year 1977 was the 196th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 32nd year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2520 in the Buddhist Era.


1977 in Thailand, Incumbents
This Thailand-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1977 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1977 to Wales and its people.


1977 in Zaire
The following lists events that happened during 1977 in Zaire.


1977 in Zaire, Sources
This year in Africa article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1977 in architecture
The year 1977 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1977 in association football
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1977 throughout the world.


1977 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1977, This is the year of the second-deadliest air disaster in history, the Tenerife airport disaster. Here are the aviation events of 1977:


1977 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1977  throughout the world.


1977 in comics
Notable events of 1977 in comics. See also List of years in comics.


1977 in comics, Exhibitions and shows
There were many TV shows based on comics in 1977, featuring Spider-Man, Captain America, Doctor Strange, and Wonder Woman.


1977 in comics, First issues by title, DC Comics
DC Special Series: catch-all series primarily for one-shots of different formats, released on an irregular schedule


1977 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1977.


1977 in film, Highest-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1977 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:


1977 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
The year 1977 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.


1977 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and table-top tabletop role-playing games published in 1977. For video games, see 1977 in video gaming.


1977 in heavy metal music
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal in the year 1977.


1977 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1977.


1977 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1977.


1977 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1977 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1977 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1977 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1977. This year was the peak of vinyl sales in the United States, with sales declining year on year since then.


1977 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1977.


1977 in music, Punk rock
Perhaps most important is the beginning of what has become known as the punk rock explosion. 1977 was the year of formation of The Avengers, Bad Brains, Black Flag, Crass, Discharge, Fear, the Flesh Eaters, the Germs, the Misfits, 999, The Pagans, The Plasmatics, VOM, The Weirdos, X, and X-Ray Spex.


1977 in music, Punk rock
1977 also saw the release of several pivotal albums in the development of punk music.


1977 in music, Punk rock
widely acknowledged as masterpieces and among the earliest first full-length purely punk albums, The Clash by The Clash, The Damned's Damned, Damned, Damned, the Dead Boys' Young, Loud and Snotty, Johnny Thunders and the Heartbreakers' L.A.M.F., The Jam's In the City, the Ramones' Rocket to Russia, Richard Hell and the Voidoids' Blank Generation, the Sex Pistols' Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, Television's Marquee Moon, and Wire's Pink Flag are usually considered their respective masterpieces, and kick-started punk music as the musical genre it eventually became.


1977 in music, Punk rock
The year also saw the release of debut albums by bands often associated with, if not defined as, punk, thought to be the beginnings of "New Wave" such as Elvis Costello's My Aim Is True, Suicide's Suicide, and Talking Heads' Talking Heads: 77. It also saw the release of Iggy Pop's Lust for Life, his second record as a solo artist.


1977 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1977.


1977 in paleontology, Conodonts
German paleontologist and stratigrapher Heinz Walter Kozur (1942-2013) described the conodont genus Vjalovognathus


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
An Accipitridae Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Olson, 1999, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
A Fregatidae, Limnofregatinae Olson, 1977, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Procelariiformes, in its own family, Marinavidae Harrison et Walker, 1977, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Columbidae, placed in Aves Inceretae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002, according to Mayr, 2009 perhaps a "Coraciiformes" or a "Caprimulgiformes"/Apodiformes, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
An ?Procellariidae, maybe a synonym of Dasornis toliapica (Owen, 1873).


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
An ?Procellariidae, this is the type species of the new genus, maybe a synonym of Dasornis emuinus (Bowerbank, 1854), this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
An Apodiformes, Hemiprocni Karkhu, 1992, Parvicuculidae Harrison, 1982, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Accipitridae, by Mlíkovský, 2002 placed in Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Gypsornis Milne-Edwards, 1871 in the Cariamidae by Mlíkovský, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Glareolidae, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in the Glareolidae, this is the type species of the new genus, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
A Hydrobatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described in a new family Primoscenidae Harrison et Walker, 1977, Passeriformes, placed in synonymy with the family Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, ?Piciformes by Mayr, 2008, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
Described as a Cuculidae, Harrison, 1982 placed it in his new family Parvicuculidae, Olson, 1985 and Mayr, 2009 think it might be a synonym of Primapus lacki Harrison et Walker, 1975. Best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
An Aegothelidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
A Rallidae, a new name for Rallus dubius Portis, 1887, a junior primary homonym of Rallus dubius Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783, so its objective junior synonym.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
A Sulidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in paleontology, Vertebrates, Birds
A Threskiornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1977 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1977 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1977 in poetry, Works published in other languages
Listed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1977 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:


1977 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1977 in professional wrestling
1977 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1977 in radio
In the year 1977, significant events in radio broadcasting included the President of the United States participating in a call-in radio program.


1977 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1977.


1977 in science
The year 1977 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1977 in spaceflight
Spaceflight in 1977 included some important events such as the roll out of the space shuttle orbiter, Voyager 1 and Voyager space probes were launched. NASA received the space shuttle orbiter  later named  Enterprise, on 14 January. This unpowered sub-orbital space plane was launched off the top of a modified 747 and was flown uncrewed until 13 August until a human crew landed the Enterprise for the first time.


1977 in spaceflight
In August and September, the two Voyager spacecraft to the outer planets were launched. Voyager 2, launched on 20 August, went on to fly past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 1, which was launched on 5 September, flew past Jupiter and Saturn, with a planned flyby of Pluto being cancelled in favour of a closer flyby of Titan.


1977 in sports
1977 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1977 in the Philippines
1977 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1977.


1977 in the United Arab Emirates
Events from the year 1977 in the United Arab Emirates.


1977 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1977 in the United Kingdom. This year was the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.


1977 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1977. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


1977 in video games, Highest-grossing arcade games, Japan
In Japan, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1977, according to the second annual Game Machine chart. Both arcade video games and electro-mechanical games (EM games) are listed on the same arcade chart. Namco's EM racing game F-1 was the highest-grossing overall arcade game for the second year in a row, followed by Taito's racing video game Speed Race DX (its predecessor Speed Race was distributed as Wheels by Midway Manufacturing in North America).


1977 in video games, Highest-grossing arcade games, Japan
Note: Medal games are listed on a separate chart, with Nintendo's EVR Race being the highest-grossing medal game for the second year in a row.


1977 in video games, Highest-grossing arcade games, United States
In the United States, Play Meter magazine began publishing annual lists of top-grossing arcade games in 1977. The following titles were the top ten highest-earning arcade video games of the year on the annual Play Meter and RePlay charts. Lifetime arcade cabinet sales are also given in a separate column.


1977 invasion of Uganda
The 1977 invasion of Uganda was an armed attempt by Ugandan exiles to overthrow the government of President Idi Amin. The exiles were based in Kenya, organized as the "Uganda Liberation Movement", and enjoyed covert foreign support. A Ugandan intelligence agency and a member of the rebel group claimed that Israel was backing the insurgents, but this was not independently confirmed. The Ugandan government learned of the rebels' plans beforehand. The invasion consequently failed when the rebels were confronted and defeated by the Uganda Army after crossing the Kenya-Uganda border in October 1977. Amin stayed in power until being overthrown during the Uganda–Tanzania War.


1977 invasion of Uganda, Background
In 1971, a military coup overthrew the President of Uganda, Milton Obote. Colonel Idi Amin installed himself as new Ugandan President and ruled the country under a repressive dictatorship. After the coup, Amin launched purges of his enemies, and empowered his own followers to consolidate his regime. The country's military, officially known as Uganda Army (UA), was most affected by this development. Much of its leadership was killed or expelled, while members of ethnic and religious groups supportive of Amin were recruited and promoted en masse. He also set up a new intelligence agency, the State Research Bureau (SRB) which operated a large network of informants.


1977 invasion of Uganda, Background
Tens of thousands of Ugandans fled into exile during Amin's rule, and some organized political and militant groups with the aim of deposing him. Most of the armed opposition was based in Tanzania which had supported former President Obote and was most supportive of the anti-Amin movement. However, about ten thousand exiles lived in Kenya, a country which generally attempted to avoid conflicts with Uganda and consequently frowned upon anti-Amin activities. Despite this, at least a dozen clandestine exile groups emerged in Kenya over the years.


1977 invasion of Uganda, Background
They generally remained rather weak and fractured, partially due to Kenyan suppression of their work, partially due to them belonging to rival political movements. As most exile groups in Kenya were pro-Western, unlike many exiles in Tanzania, they enjoyed some low-key support from the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel. The Kenyan exiles were also aided by Christian organizations, some Western European political parties, and other "unusual patrons" such as American evangelist Billy Graham, international arms salesmen, and the Italian mafia.


1977 invasion of Uganda, The Uganda Liberation Movement's plot and invasion
In 1976, Nairobi-based exiles formed the "Uganda Society", led by Martin Aliker and Yusuf Lule. The group requested weaponry and training from the United States and Israel, even meeting with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Based on their investigations, journalists Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey concluded that this lobbying resulted in the formation of the "Uganda Liberation Movement" in 1977. This group was not supported by the Kenyan government, but had gained some foreign support and access to weaponry. Avirgan and Honey were unable to verify if foreign mercenaries aided the rebels.


1977 invasion of Uganda, The Uganda Liberation Movement's plot and invasion
One member of the Uganda Liberation Movement claimed that the group's fighters had trained in Israel, but his statements were doubted by other exiles. The State Research Bureau learned about the Uganda Liberation Movement's plans. The intelligence agency concluded that the rebel force included Israel-trained "commandos", and was supported by people inside Uganda, including army officer John Ruhinda, as well as foreign mercenaries from Israel, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. The SRB believed that the rebels planned to relocate to Tanzania from where they would launch an invasion. Avirgan and Honey described these conclusions as "mixture of fact and fancy", though generally in-line with reports by exiles.


1977 invasion of Uganda, The Uganda Liberation Movement's plot and invasion
Even though the Ugandan government had been warned by the SRB of the rebel plot and was prepared, the Uganda Liberation Movement's invasion did not go exactly as the intelligence agency had predicted. The insurgents did not relocate to Tanzania before beginning their attack, instead crossing the Uganda-Kenya border in October 1977. However, the rebels were quickly spotted by Uganda Army soldiers who opened fire. A few Uganda Liberation Movement militants were killed or captured, but most just broke and fled.


1977 invasion of Uganda, Aftermath
Even though it had offered no support to the rebels, the Kenyan government was reportedly disappointed about the invasion's failure. It consequently continued to hamper the activities of anti-Amin exiles, but exiles continued to organize and plot against the Ugandan government from Kenya. Amin was overthrown during the Uganda–Tanzania War of 1978–79. Ugandan exiles including groups based in Kenya supported the Tanzanians during the conflict. Alleged Uganda Liberation Movement supporter John Ruhinda joined the pro-Tanzanian Uganda National Liberation Army during the Uganda–Tanzania War.


1977 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and ÍA won the championship. ÍA's Pétur Pétursson was the top scorer with 16 goals.


1977–1978 Massachusetts legislature
The 170th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1977 and 1978 during the governorship of Michael Dukakis. Kevin B. Harrington served as president of the Senate and Thomas W. McGee served as speaker of the House.


1977–1978 Whitbread Round the World Race
The 1977–78 Whitbread Round the World Race was the second edition of the around-the-world sailing event Whitbread Round the World Race. On 27 August 1977, 15 boats started out from Portsmouth for the Whitbread Round the World Race under a moderate Northerly breeze and light patchy rain. Most of the second Whitbread Race was dominated by a tight race between Swan 65 King's Legend and Flyer, the latter eventually winning the race. All 15 boats finished the 26,780-nautical-mile (49,600 km) race. Great Britain II was winner on elapsed time for the second race in succession. This race was notable for the fact that Clare Francis became the first woman to skipper a Whitbread entry, the Swan 65 ADC Accutrac.


1977–78 1.Lig
Statistics of the Turkish First Football League for the 1977–78 season.


1977–78 1.Lig, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Fenerbahçe S.K. won the championship. Ankaragücü and Mersin İdman Yurdu relegated to Second League. Turkish Cup winners Trabzonspor couldn't play in 1978–79 European Cup Winners' Cup because they were suspended.


1977–78 2. Bundesliga
The 1977–78 2. Bundesliga season was the fourth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. It was played in two regional divisions, Nord and Süd.


1977–78 2. Bundesliga
Arminia Bielefeld, Darmstadt 98 and 1. FC Nürnberg were promoted to the Bundesliga while 1. FC Bocholt, OSC Bremerhaven, Schwarz-Weiß Essen, FC Bayern Hof, VfR 1910 Bürstadt, Kickers Würzburg and FK Pirmasens were relegated to the Oberligas.


1977–78 2. Bundesliga, Nord
For the 1977–78 season saw 1. FC Bocholt, OSC Bremerhaven and Rot-Weiß Lüdenscheid promoted to the 2. Bundesliga from the Oberliga and Amateurligas while Tennis Borussia Berlin and Rot-Weiss Essen had been relegated to the 2. Bundesliga Nord from the Bundesliga.


1977–78 2. Bundesliga, Süd
For the 1977–78 season saw Freiburger FC, Kickers Würzburg, VfR Oli Bürstadt and Wormatia Worms promoted to the 2. Bundesliga from the Amateurligas and Karlsruher SC relegated to the 2. Bundesliga Süd from the Bundesliga.


1977–78 2. Bundesliga, Promotion play-offs
The final place in the Bundesliga was contested between the two runners-up in the Nord and Süd divisions. 1. FC Nürnberg won on aggregate and were promoted to the Bundesliga.


1977–78 A Group
Statistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1977–78 season.


1977–78 A Group, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Lokomotiv Sofia won the championship.


1977–78 AHL season
The 1977–78 AHL season was the 42nd season of the American Hockey League. The season was in jeopardy when the last of the original eight franchises of the "International-American Hockey League", the Rhode Island Reds (previously Providence Reds) folded in the offseason, and the AHL was left with five teams. The league increased its member teams by four, when the North American Hockey League and Southern Hockey Leagues both folded before the 1977–78 season. Two teams joined from the NAHL, and another from the SHL, along with one expansion team.


1977–78 AHL season
North and south divisions were resumed. The F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy resumes as the regular season championship trophy for the north division, and the John D. Chick Trophy resumes as the regular season championship trophy for the south division. The Fred T. Hunt Memorial Award is first awarded to the player best exemplifying sportsmanship, determination and dedication to hockey.


1977–78 AHL season
Nine teams were scheduled to play 80 games each, however the Hampton Gulls folded on February 10, 1978, playing 46 games. The Maine Mariners finished first overall in the regular season, and won the Calder Cup championship as a first year expansion team.


1977–78 AHL season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;


1977–78 AHL season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1977–78 AIAW Division I women's basketball rankings
A single human poll represents the 1977–78 AIAW Division I women's basketball rankings, the AP Poll, in addition to various publications' preseason polls. The AP poll was initially a poll of coaches conducted via telephone, where coaches identified top teams and a list of the Top 20 team was produced. The contributors continued to be coaches until 1994, when the AP took over administration of the poll from Mel Greenberg, and switched to a panel of writers.


1977–78 AIAW Division I women's basketball rankings
The AP poll is currently a poll of sportswriters. The AP conducts polls weekly through the end of the regular season and conference play.


1977–78 Al-Mina'a SC season
The 1977–78 season was Al-Minaa's 4th season in the Iraqi National League, having featured in all editions of the competition. Al-Minaa participated in the  Iraqi National League and the Iraq FA Cup, winning the league for the first time in their history, after finishing two points ahead of second-place Al-Zawraa. The season saw the dismissal of first-team coach Faleh Hassan Wasfi after scoring a draw in the first two games of the season and being eliminated from the Iraqi FA Cup in the round of 16 before that, and then the appointment of coach Jamil Hanoon. Striker Jalil Hanoon scored 11 goals to end the league season as the league's top goal-scorer total.


1977–78 Al-Mina'a SC season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1977–78 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The 1977–78 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team represented the University of Alabama in the 1977–78 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team's head coach was C.M. Newton, who was in his tenth season at Alabama. The team played their home games at Coleman Coliseum in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. They finished the season 17–10, 11–7 in SEC play.


1977–78 Albanian Cup
1977–78 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the twenty-sixth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on August 1977 with the First Round and ended on May 1978 with the Final matches. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1978-79 first round of the UEFA Cup. KF Tirana were the defending champions, having won their fourth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.


1977–78 Albanian Cup
The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.


1977–78 Albanian Cup, Second round
In this round entered the 16 winners from the previous round. First and second legs were played on January 1978.


1977–78 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals
In this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.


1977–78 Albanian Cup, Semifinals
In this round entered the four winners from the previous round.


1977–78 Albanian Cup, Finals
In this round entered the two winners from the previous round.


1977–78 Albanian National Championship
The 1977–78 Albanian National Championship was the 39th season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.


1977–78 Albanian National Championship, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and Vllaznia won the championship.


1977–78 Albanian National Championship, League table
Note: '17 Nëntori' is Tirana, 'Traktori' is Lushnja, 'Lokomotiva Durrës' is Teuta, 'Labinoti' is Elbasani


1977–78 Algerian Championnat National
The 1977–78 Algerian Championnat National was the 16th season of the Algerian Championnat National after its establishment in 1962. A total of 14 teams contested the league, with JS Kawkabi as the defending champions. The Championnat started on September 30, 1977, and ended on May 5, 1978.


1977–78 Algerian Cup
The 1977–78 Algerian Cup is the 16th edition of the Algerian Cup. JS Kawkabi are the defending champions, having beaten NA Hussein Dey 2–1 in the previous season's final.


1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the eighth staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.


1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
Austin Stacks were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Thomond College in the semi-final of the Munster club Championship.


1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
On 26 March 1978, Thomond College won the championship following a 2-14 to 1-03 defeat of St. John's in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It remains their only championship title.


1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the eighth season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier club hurling tournament. The All-Ireland series began on 5 February 1978 and ended on 27 March 1978.


1977–78 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
Glen Rovers were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify. St. Finbarr's won the title after defeating Rathnure by 2-7 to 0-9 in the final.


1977–78 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1977–78 Allsvenskan was the 44th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 12 teams competed in the league. Ystads IF won the regular season, but HK Drott won the playoffs and claimed their second Swedish title. IFK Lidingö and IF Saab were relegated.


1977–78 Alpha Ethniki
The 1977–78 Alpha Ethniki was the 42nd season of the highest football league of Greece. The season began on 11 September 1977 and ended on 28 May 1978. AEK Athens won their sixth Greek title and their first one in seven years.


1977–78 Alpha Ethniki
The point system was: Win: 2 points - Draw: 1 point.


1977–78 Anglo-Scottish Cup
The 1977–78 Anglo-Scottish Cup was the third edition of the tournament. It was won by Bristol City, who beat St Mirren in a two-legged final by 3–2 on aggregate.


1977–78 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team
The 1977–78 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas. The head coach was Eddie Sutton. He coached the Razorbacks from the 1974-1975 season until the 1984-1985 season. During his tenure as head coach, the Razorbacks ended the season either first or tied for first in the Southwest Conference four times. Under Sutton, the Razorbacks were invited to the NCAA tournament nine times. Sutton's most successful season was 1977-78 when the team reached the Final Four. The Razorbacks lost in the semifinals to the Kentucky Wildcats 64-59 at the Checkerdome arena in St. Louis, Missouri.


1977–78 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team, Achievements
Sutton left as head coach after the 1984-85 season with a Conference record of 139-35 (79.9%). He would go on to coach three more schools (Kentucky, Oklahoma State, and San Francisco) and retire in 2008. He was inducted into the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011.


1977–78 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team, Achievements
Ron Brewer was the Southwest Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year. He became the 7th overall pick by the Portland Trail Blazers in the 1978 NBA Draft.


1977–78 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team, Achievements
Sidney Moncrief was drafted the following year by the Milwaukee Bucks 5th overall in the 1979 NBA Draft, and became a five time NBA All-Star and was awarded a spot on the All-NBA First Team in 1983. His jersey was retired by the Bucks.


1977–78 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team, Achievements
Marvin Delph was drafted the same year as Brewer but in the 3rd round (65th overall) by the Buffalo Braves and then drafted again the next year by the Boston Celtics in the 6th round of the 1979 NBA draft along with Moncrief but never played in the NBA.


1977–78 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team, Achievements
U. S. Reed was drafted in the 5th round (104th overall pick) in the 1981 NBA draft by the Kansas City Kings, but never played in the NBA.


1977–78 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1977–78 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Cup
Arsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round proper, in which they were drawn to face Sheffield United.


1977–78 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1977–78 English football season was Aston Villa's 78th in the Football League and their third consecutive season in the top division.


1977–78 Aston Villa F.C. season
Villa reached the quarter-final of the UEFA Cup where they went out 4–3 on aggregate against Barcelona. In the domestic league, however, they struggled, and Saunders started rebuilding the team.


1977–78 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
17 April 1978: Newcastle United lose at Aston Villa and are relegated to the Second Division.


1977–78 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
2 May 1978: Wolverhampton Wanderers beat Aston Villa 3–1 to stay in the First Division at West Ham United's expense.


1977–78 Aston Villa F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1977–78 Athenian League
The 1977–78 Athenian League season was the 55th in the history of Athenian League. The league consisted of 18 teams.


1977–78 Athenian League, Clubs
The league featured 8 clubs which competed in the previous season Division One and 10 new teams:


1977–78 Atlanta Flames season
The 1977–78 Atlanta Flames season was the sixth season for the franchise.


1977–78 Atlanta Flames season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals againstNote: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1977–78 Atlanta Flames season, Player statistics, Skaters
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1977–78 Atlanta Flames season, Player statistics, Skaters
†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Atlanta. Stats reflect time with the Flames only. ‡Traded mid-season


1977–78 Atlanta Flames season, Player statistics, Goaltending
Note: GP = Games played; TOI = Time on ice (minutes); W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average


1977–78 Atlanta Flames season, Transactions
The Flames were involved in the following transactions during the 1977–78 season.


1977–78 Atlanta Hawks season
The 1977–78 NBA season was the Hawks' 29th season in the NBA and 10th season in Atlanta.


1977–78 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 1977–78 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1977–78 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Bob Davis, who was in his fifth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 13–14, 8–10 in SEC play.


1977–78 Australian region cyclone season
The 1977–78 Australian region cyclone season was a below average tropical cyclone season.


1977–78 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby
On 27 March, a tropical depression developed in the eastern Indian Ocean between Indonesia and Australia. It drifted to the southwest, and slowly strengthened into a tropical storm on 29 March. Alby continued slowly southwestward, and attained cyclone status on 30 March. The rate of intensification, which was slower earlier in its life, became more steady towards strengthening, and reached the equivalent of Category 3 status on 1 April. Tropical Cyclone Alby turned more to the south, and quickly reached a peak of 135 mph (217 km/h) later on 1 April.


1977–78 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby
After maintaining its strength for 30 hours, Alby weakened as it turned to the southeast. Its forward momentum increased over the southeast Indian Ocean, and Alby was only an 85 mph (137 km/h) cyclone as it passed off the southwest coast of Australia on 4 April. It continued rapidly to the southeast, and became extra-tropical on 5 April while south of the continent.


1977–78 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Alby
On 4 April, Tropical Cyclone Alby passed close to the southwest corner of Western Australia, killing five people and causing widespread but mostly minor damage to the southwest. The damage bill was estimated to be $39 million (2003 dollars). A man was blown from the roof of a shed and a woman was killed by a falling pine tree. Another man was killed when a tree fell on the bulldozer he was operating and two men drowned when their dinghy overturned at Albany. Storm surge and destructive waves caused coastal inundation and erosion from Perth to Busselton, damaging the Busselton Jetty and Fremantle Harbour. Fires fanned by the strong winds burned an estimated 1,140 km2 (440 sq mi) of forest and farming land.


1977–78 Austrian Football Bundesliga, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and FK Austria Wien won the championship.


1977–78 Austrian Hockey League season
The 1977–78 Austrian Hockey League season was the 48th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Eight teams participated in the league, and ATSE Graz won the championship.


1977–78 Balkans Cup
The 1978 Balkans Cup was an edition of the Balkans Cup, a football competition for representative clubs from the Balkan states. It was contested by 6 teams and Rijeka won the trophy.


1977–78 Baylor Bears basketball team
The 1977–78 Baylor Bears men's basketball team represented the Baylor University in the 1977–78 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.


1977–78 Belgian First Division, Overview
It was contested by 18 teams, and Club Brugge K.V. won the championship.


1977–78 Biathlon World Cup
The 1977–78 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 13 January 1978 in Ruhpolding, West Germany, and ended in April 1978 in Sodankylä, Finland. It was the first ever season of the Biathlon World Cup, and it was only held for men.


1977–78 Biathlon World Cup, Calendar
Below is the World Cup calendar for the 1977–78 season.


1977–78 Biathlon World Cup, Calendar
*The relays were technically unofficial races as they did not count towards anything in the World Cup.


1977–78 Birmingham Bulls season
The 1977–78 Birmingham Bulls season was the Birmingham Bulls second season of operation in the World Hockey Association. The Bulls qualified for the playoffs, losing in the quarter-finals to the Winnipeg Jets.


1977–78 Birmingham Bulls season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points


1977–78 Birmingham Bulls season, Player stats
Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals      MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;


1977–78 Birmingham City F.C. season
The 1977–78 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 75th in the Football League and their 44th in the First Division. They finished in 11th position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1977–78 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost to Derby County in the fourth, and lost to Notts County in their opening second-round match in the League Cup. They entered the Anglo-Scottish Cup but failed to progress past the group stage.


1977–78 Birmingham City F.C. season
Twenty-two players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were ten different goalscorers. Forward pairing Keith Bertschin and Trevor Francis played in all 48 first-team matches of the season – midfielder Terry Hibbitt missed only one – and Francis was the club's top scorer with 29 goals, of which 25 were scored in the league. Both Francis and Hibbitt had been ever-present in the previous season.


1977–78 Birmingham City F.C. season
After defeats in the first four league matches of the season, Willie Bell was sacked in September and succeeded by former England national manager Sir Alf Ramsey, a member of the club's board of directors. Ramsey lasted only six months, leaving the club ostensibly for health reasons, but his biography suggests he was "locked in an increasingly bitter three-way dispute with his star player, Trevor Francis, and the board". After initially accepting a transfer request from Francis, the board changed their minds, reluctant to "incur the wrath of already disgruntled fans", so Ramsey handed in his notice.


1977–78 Birmingham City F.C. season
The Times reported that "Sir Alf said he told the board [in February] that he intended to quit and sever his links with the club. ... He said at a board meeting on February 20 he recommended both Francis and the defender, Joe Gallagher, should be transfer listed. The board agreed but three days later changed their minds about Francis. Sir Alf said he then decided to opt out because of the board's policy." Blackburn Rovers manager Jim Smith took over, having decided, according to the Rovers' website, that "Birmingham City offered better career prospects".


1977–78 Blackpool F.C. season
The 1977–78 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 70th season (67th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing twentieth, their lowest League position since 1928. As a result, they were relegated to Division Three for the first time in their history.


1977–78 Blackpool F.C. season
Allan Brown was sacked as manager during the season, and replaced by Jimmy Meadows for his second stint as Blackpool's caretaker manager.


1977–78 Blackpool F.C. season
Bob Hatton was the club's top scorer, with 24 goals (22 in the league, one in the FA Cup and one in the League Cup).


1977–78 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
The 1977–78 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team represented Boise State University during the 1977–78 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos were led by fifth-year head coach Bus Connor and played their home games on campus at Bronco Gymnasium in Boise, Idaho.


1977–78 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
They finished the regular season at 13–13 overall, with a 8–6 record in the Big Sky Conference, fourth in the standings. In the four-team conference tournament at Missoula, the Broncos met host and regular season champion Montana in the semifinals, and lost by nine points.


1977–78 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
Senior guard Steve Connor was named to the all-conference team; forwards Trent Johnson and Danny Jones were on the second team. The next Bronco on the first team was Vince Hinchen in 1984.


1977–78 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
Boise State did not return to the conference tournament until 1984, when it expanded to include all eight teams.


1977–78 Boston Bruins season
The 1977–78 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 54th season in the NHL. The season involved participating in the Stanley Cup finals.


1977–78 Boston Bruins season, Regular season
The 1977–78 Bruins set an NHL record by having 11 different skaters score 20 goals or more in a season. The eleven skaters are:


1977–78 Boston Bruins season, Regular season, Season standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals againstNote: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1977–78 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup finals
Larry Robinson won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP.


1977–78 Boston Celtics season
The 1977–78 Boston Celtics season was the 32nd season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and was linked to the Buffalo Braves season. While the Braves were struggling on the court, their owner John Y. Brown brokered a deal to take over the legendary Celtics franchise. Celtics owner Irv Levin wanted to move the franchise to California, however, the NBA would not allow him to take the cornerstone franchise out of Boston.


1977–78 Boston Celtics season
NBA lawyer and future commissioner David Stern offered a compromise in which Levin and Brown would swap franchises, so that Levin could take over the Braves and move them to San Diego. Eventually, the owners of the 22 franchises voted 21–1 to approve the deal, and the Braves moved from Buffalo to San Diego. The deal also included a 7-player trade in which the Celtics acquired Nate Archibald, Billy Knight and Marvin Barnes in exchange for  Freeman Williams, Kevin Kunnert, Kermit Washington and Sidney Wicks. The Braves would not request a draft pick in the deal, allowing the Celtics to retain the draft rights to future Hall of Famer Larry Bird.


1977–78 Boston Celtics season
The Braves played their last game of the season in Boston. It was one of only three seasons from 1951 to 1993 that the Celtics finished with a losing record. This was the 16th and final season for the legendary John Havlicek. Nobody has played more seasons for the Celtics than Havlicek.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season
The 1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey team represented Boston University in college ice hockey. In its 5th year under head coach Jack Parker the team compiled a 30–2–0 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the fifth consecutive season and thirteenth all-time. The Terriers defeated Boston College 5–3 in the championship game at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island to win their third national championship.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season
This was the first championship team to play more games on the road than at home.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, Winning
After four consecutive ECAC Tournament championships, and nothing to show for it at the national level, Boston University came out of the gate swinging. Backstopped by the tandem of Jim Craig and team co-captain Brian Durocher, BU walloped Merrimack in the season opener before starting their conference schedule. The first four ECAC matches were all close affairs, with only one having more than a one-goal margin, but the Terriers managed to win each game.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, Winning
Boston University did not participate in a holiday tournament during the season, opting instead to play three non-conference games against Air Force and Michigan State where they, again, won each match. After a 6–5 win over rival Cornell the Terriers began an arduous road schedule; in a ten-game span over 4 weeks the Terriers would play eight games on the road. BU struggled most nights to dominate what would normally be inferior competition but the Terriers continued to win night in and night out.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, Winning
By the time the Beanpot rolled around in early February BU remained unbeaten and possessed a sparkling 19–0 record. Their 15–0 conference recard all but guaranteed the Terriers first place in the ECAC Tournament and when they throttled arch-rival Boston College 12–5 in the Beanpot semis the Terriers looked on track to join 1969–70 Cornell win an undefeated season.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, First Loss
Two days after a second victory over the Eagles, BU headed to New Haven, Connecticut where they were finally burned by playing all those close games. Yale managed to score 7 goals on BU, the third time that the Terriers had allowed that many goals, but Boston University only netted 5 and suffered their first loss of the season, ending a 21-game winning streak. After two more close wins BU punished Harvard 7–1 in the Beanpot championship and won their 10th title. The Terriers ended the regular season three days later with yet another one-goal victory to finish with the best record in program history at 25–1.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, ECAC Tournament
BU served as the host for their quarterfinal meeting with New Hampshire and despite the Wildcat's 8th-seed UNH possessed a better offence than Boston University. New Hampshire demonstrated their scoring prowess throughout the game but the Terriers were just a little bit better on the night and managed to pull out a 6–5 win in overtime. Their semifinal meeting against Providence, however, could not have gone worse.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, ECAC Tournament
Needing just one more win to guarantee a spot in the NCAA Tournament, BU's offense faltered and scored once, only the second time all season where they had failed to record at least 4 goals. Providence meanwhile pumped five pucks into the Terriers' net and skated to a relatively easy victory.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, ECAC Tournament
The loss dealt a serious blow to BU's title hopes but it did not end them entirely. Boston University's first champion in 1971 came as a result of being chosen over conference runner-up Clarkson and in the meantime the NCAA selection committee had given itself the ability to add up to four additional teams to the tournament if they so desired. However, before any of that would occur, BU would have to take care of business in the third-place game against Brown. BU's 8–4 win pushed its record to 27–2 and with their 21-game streak to start the season the selection committee did award Boston University with an at-large bid, the only time in the 4-year history of the then-format where the committee invited an additional team.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament
Not wanting to waste the opportunity given to them, Boston University defense showed up to play in the tournament. In their First Round meeting, a rematch with Providence, BU found itself on the road in front of a very hostile crowd. While the Friars were hoping to even the season series the Terriers ended Providence's tournament with a 5–3 victory. The championship rounds of the tournament were being held down the road at the Providence Civic Center so BU had a very short distance to travel. Waiting for them was WCHA co-champion and defending national champion Wisconsin. Despite possessing the top two scorers in the nation, Wisconsin was unable to bring their offense to bear and BU finally made it to a championship game after four years of futility.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament
In the title tilt BU faced off against BC who had lost the previous three meetings by a combined score of 28–13. The Eagles gave themselves no favors when Joe Augustine took a penalty just 9 seconds into the game, allowing BU's leading scorer Mark Fidler to open the scoring with a power play goal 38 seconds in. Boston College responded with two goals in the middle of the period but BU regained the lead with two of their own before the first 20 minutes had ended.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, NCAA Tournament
In the most penalty-filled contest in NCAA history (22 minor penalties in total) Tony Meagher scored a short-handed goal to give BU a 3–2 lead and then got his second score ten minutes later to build the first two-goal cushion of the night. Fidler notched his own second goal one minute into the third and Jim Craig turned aside 22 of BC's 23 shots in the final 40 minutes to give Boston University its third national championship.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, Awards and Honors
Future olympian Jack O'Callahan was named as the Tournament MOP and joined on the All-Tournament Team by teammates Dave Silk, Dick Lamby and Mark Fidler. No Terrier was named to the AHCA All-American East Team despite their stellar record but head coach Jack Parker received his second Spencer Penrose Award as the national coach of the year. Mark Fidler received the ECAC Rookie of the Year Award. O'Callahan was named to the All-ECAC Hockey First Team, while Lamby and Silk made the Second Team.


1977–78 Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey season, Season, Awards and Honors
Five players were selected in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft with only Dave Silk managing to reach the NHL. Three players, however, later achieved hockey immortality as members of the goal medal-winning team at the 1980 Winter Olympics (Jack O'Callahan, Dave Silk and Jim Craig).


1977–78 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The 1977–78 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 65th in the club's history.


1977–78 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The club finished 22nd in Division Three, being relegated to Division Four, reached the 1st round of the FA Cup, and the 1st round of the League Cup.


1977–78 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The club was relegated to Division Four after just one season in Division Three.


1977–78 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1977–78 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Fourth Division. 58 goals from Steve Phillips and Andrew McCulloch helped the club to a 4th-place finish and promotion to the Third Division. Phillips' 36 goals was the most in English league football by any player during the season.


1977–78 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Having spent much of the previous season rebuilding the unbalanced squad left by his predecessor John Docherty, Brentford manager Bill Dodgin Jr. shrugged off the disappointment of failing to agree a fee with Bristol City for John Bain and Terry Johnson's refusal to sign a new contract by bringing in goalkeeper Len Bond for £8,000 and midfielders Barry Lloyd and Willie Graham. Expectations were high going into the 1977–78 Fourth Division season, with Dodgin's attractive brand of attacking football having led to 14 wins from the final 18 matches of the previous season.


1977–78 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
After a what was then becoming traditional first round exit of the League Cup, Brentford had a strong start to the league season, going top on 22 August 1977 after a 4–1 victory over Fourth Division newcomers Wimbledon. The three-pronged attack of forwards Gordon Sweetzer, Andrew McCulloch and midfielder Steve Phillips proved fruitful after 10 league matches and Phillips and Sweetzer topped the Fourth Division goalscoring chart with eight apiece. Injuries to Gordon Sweetzer, Dave Carlton, John Fraser, captain Jackie Graham and a suspension suffered by Andrew McCulloch nullified Brentford's threat through the Christmas period and the club dropped back into the upper reaches of mid-table.


1977–78 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
By mid-January 1978, Brentford began to recover and the £10,000 signing of full back Barry Tucker would prove to be the final piece of the jigsaw in manager Bill Dodgin Jr.'s starting XI. A 4–0 win over Rochdale at Griffin Park on 6 March put the Bees back on the cusp of the promotion places for the first time since mid-December, but the shock transfer of forward Gordon Sweetzer to Cambridge United two days later for a £30,000 fee was seen as a massive risk.


1977–78 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Sweetzer had scored 40 goals from his 72 appearances for the club over 18 months, but manager Dodgin felt that with Steve Phillips having scored 16 goals from midfield so far in the season, Phillips could move up to the forward line to partner Andrew McCulloch. The decision proved to be a masterstroke, with Phillips scoring 16 goals in the final 15 matches of the season and promotion to the Third Division was secured with two matches still to play, after a 2–0 victory over Darlington at Griffin Park on 22 April. Phillips' 36 goals meant that he finished the season as the top scorer in English league football, while Andrew McCulloch and the departed Gordon Sweetzer supported ably with 22 and 14 goals respectively.


1977–78 British Home Championship
The 1977–78 British Home Championship football competition between the British Home Nations was won by an England side smarting from their failure to qualify for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Scotland again refused to travel to Northern Ireland and therefore gained an additional home match. The Scots, who had qualified for the World Cup and of whom much was expected following impressive form and a strong team in the months going into the finals performed particularly poorly in the Home Championship, foreshadowing their performance in Argentina a few months later.


1977–78 British Home Championship
The English capitalised on a heavy victory over the Welsh in their first match and then won in their next two beating an already demoralised Scotland who had only managed to draw with the Welsh and Irish. The Welsh improved following their initial loss, beating the Irish and holding the Scots to a 1–1 draw in Glasgow to claim second place.


1977–78 British Ice Hockey season
The 1977–78 British Ice Hockey season featured the Northern League for teams from Scotland and the north of England and the Southern League for teams from the rest of England.


1977–78 British Ice Hockey season
Fife Flyers won the Northern League and Solihull Barons won the Southern League. Fife Flyers won the Icy Smith Cup.


1977–78 British Ice Hockey season, Southern League, Final
Solihull Barons defeated Blackpool Seagulls 11:4 on aggregate (6:4, 5:0)


1977–78 Buffalo Braves season
The 1977–78 NBA season was the Braves' eighth and final season in the NBA. Entering the season, the Braves were allowed an escape clause in their lease, because season ticket sales did not reach the set goal of 4,500. The Braves suffered another disappointment as Tiny Archibald (whom they acquired from the New Jersey Nets for George Johnson) was lost for the year due to an Achilles tendon injury in the preseason.


1977–78 Buffalo Braves season
The Braves played competitively in November with a respectable .500 record at 10–10. Despite the promising start, the Braves won just nine games over the next three months. While the Braves were struggling on the court, owner John Y. Brown was brokering a deal to take over the legendary Boston Celtics franchise. Celtics owner Irv Levin wanted to move the historic franchise to California. However, the NBA would not allow him to take the cornerstone franchise out of Boston.


1977–78 Buffalo Braves season
NBA Lawyer David Stern offered a comprise in which Levin and Brown would swap franchises. The concept was that Levin would take over the Braves and move them to San Diego. The Braves finished in fourth place in the Atlantic Division with a 27–55 (.329) record, and played their last game on April 9, ironically, in Boston. Owners voted 21–1 to approve the deal, and the Braves moved from Buffalo to San Diego; the team was renamed the San Diego Clippers for the 1978–79 season.


1977–78 Buffalo Braves season
The deal also included a seven-player trade in which the Celtics acquired Archibald, Billy Knight, and Marvin Barnes. The San Diego-bound Braves received Freeman Williams, back-up center Kevin Kunnert, and power forwards Kermit Washington and Sidney Wicks. The team would not request a draft pick in the deal, allowing the Celtics to retain the draft rights to Larry Bird in 1979.


1977–78 Buffalo Braves season, Transactions
The Braves were involved in the following transactions during the 1977–78 season.


1977–78 Buffalo Sabres season
The 1977–78 Buffalo Sabres season was the Sabres' eighth season of operation for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on May 22, 1970.


1977–78 Buffalo Sabres season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals againstNote: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1977–78 Buffalo Sabres season, Draft picks
Buffalo's draft picks at the 1977 NHL amateur draft held at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal, Quebec.


1977–78 Bulgarian Cup
The 1977–78 Bulgarian Cup was the 38th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Marek Dupnitsa won the competition, beating CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium.


1977–78 Bulgarian Hockey League season
The 1977–78 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the 26th season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Five teams participated in the league, and Levski-Spartak Sofia won the championship.


1977–78 Bundesliga
The 1977–78 Bundesliga was the 15th season of the Bundesliga, West Germany's premier football league. It began on 6 August 1977 and ended on 29 April 1978. Borussia Mönchengladbach were the defending champions.


1977–78 Bundesliga, Competition modus
Every team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference and, if still tied, by goals scored. The team with the most points were crowned champions while the three teams with the fewest points were relegated to their respective 2. Bundesliga divisions.


1977–78 Bundesliga, Team changes to 1976–77
Karlsruher SC, Tennis Borussia Berlin and Rot-Weiss Essen were relegated to the 2. Bundesliga after finishing in the last three places. They were replaced by FC St. Pauli, winners of the 2. Bundesliga Northern Division, VfB Stuttgart, winners of the Southern Division and TSV 1860 Munich, who won a promotion play-off series against Arminia Bielefeld.


1977–78 Bundesliga, Season overview
The 1977–78 season, which ended earlier than usual due to the upcoming World Cup in Argentina, ended with 1. FC Köln winning the title, but the decision had been closer than anybody would have imagined. The team from Cologne was level on points with Borussia Mönchengladbach before the final round of matches of the season, but had a ten-goal lead in goal difference over their rivals. Nevertheless, Mönchengladbach managed to close the gap with a 12–0 victory in their last match against Borussia Dortmund. However, the team around Jupp Heynckes and Berti Vogts missed out on the title by three goals because Köln won 5–0 against FC St. Pauli at the same time.


1977–78 Bundesliga, Champion squad
Defenders: Roland Gerber (34 / 2); Gerhard Strack (32 / 2); Herbert Zimmermann (32 / 2); Harald Konopka (31 / 3); Bernhard Cullmann (27 / 6); Herbert Hein (4); Rainer Nicot (1). Midfielders: Heinz Flohe (34 / 14); Herbert Neumann (34 / 8); Heinz Simmet (23 / 1); Yasuhiko Okudera  (20 / 4); Dieter Prestin (14 / 3); Holger Willmer (11 / 1); Jürgen Glowacz (5). Forwards: Dieter Müller (33 / 24); Roger Van Gool  (32 / 12); Hannes Löhr (8 / 1). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)


1977–78 Bundesliga, Champion squad
On the roster but have not played in a league game: Gerald Ehrmann; Wolfgang Weber; Heinz Pape; Norbert Schmitz; Preben Elkjær ; Klaus Kösling.


1977–78 Burnley F.C. season
The 1977–1978 season was Burnley's second consecutive season in the second tier of English football. They were managed by Harry Potts.


1977–78 CHL season
The 1977–78 CHL season was the 15th season of the Central Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Six teams participated in the regular season, and the Fort Worth Texans won the league title.


1977–78 Cardiff City F.C. season
The 1977–78 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 51st season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing nineteenth.


1977–78 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1977–78 Carlisle United F.C. season
For the 1977–78 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Division Three.


1977–78 Celtic F.C. season
During the 1977–78 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in the Scottish Premier Division.


1977–78 Challenge Cup
The 1977–78 Challenge Cup was the 77th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.


1977–78 Challenge Cup
The final was contested by Leeds and St. Helens at Wembley.


1977–78 Challenge Cup
Leeds beat St. Helens on Saturday 13 May 1978 in front of a crowd of 96,000.


1977–78 Challenge Cup
The winner of the Lance Todd Trophy was Saints forward, George Nicholls.


1977–78 Challenge Cup
This was Leeds’ eleventh Cup Final win in fifteen appearances and their second in successive years.


1977–78 Chester F.C. season
The 1977–78 season was the 40th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.


1977–78 Chester F.C. season
Also, it was the third season spent in the Third Division after the promotion from the Fourth Division in 1975. Alongside competing in the Football League the club also participated in the FA Cup, Football League Cup and the Welsh Cup.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season
The 1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season was the Hawks' 52nd season in the NHL, and the club was coming off a 26–43–11 record, earning 63 points, which was their lowest total since the 1957–58 season. The Hawks managed to qualify for the playoffs, as they finished in third place in the Smythe Division. In the playoffs, the Black Hawks were quickly swept out in two games by the Boston Bruins in the NHL Preliminary Round.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Offseason
During the off-season, Hawks general manager Tommy Ivan announced his retirement, and the club decided to not bring interim head coach Bill White back, so the club hired former Los Angeles Kings head coach Bob Pulford to take over both the head coach and general manager position. Pulford had been the head coach of the Kings from 1972–1977, winning the 1975 Jack Adams Trophy. The team also named Keith Magnuson as the only team captain, as in the 1976–77 season, the Hawks used Magnuson, Stan Mikita and Pit Martin as tri-captains.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season
The Black Hawks started off the season in a slump, as the team had a 6–10–8 record in their first 24 games. Chicago eventually snapped out of their funk, and found themselves a season high five games over .500 with a 24–18–16 record late in February. The Hawks, who were comfortably in first place in the Smythe Division, finished the season with a 32–29–19 record, earning 83 points, which was their highest total since 1973–74, and their sixth division title in the past nine seasons.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season
Offensively, the Black Hawks were led by Ivan Boldirev, who scored a team high 35 goals and 45 assists for 80 points. Thirty-seven-year-old Stan Mikita earned 59 points in 76 games to finish second in team scoring, while 22-year-old Ted Bulley had a very solid rookie season, scoring 23 goals and 51 points in 79 games. Another rookie, Doug Wilson, led the defense, scoring 14 goals and 34 points, while Bob Murray also scored 14 goals, along with 17 assists from the blueline. Keith Magnuson had a team high 145 penalty minutes, while John Marks led Chicago with a +27 rating.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season
In goal, Tony Esposito once again had the majority of playing time, winning 28 games, along with 5 shutouts and a 2.63 GAA.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season, Season standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals againstNote: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs
Since the Hawks won their division, they were given a bye in the NHL Preliminary Round, and advanced straight to the NHL quarter-finals. Their first round opponent was the Boston Bruins, who finished in first place in the Adams Division with 113 points. The series opened at the Boston Garden, and the Bruins struck first, easily winning the first game by a 6–1 score. Chicago forced the second game into overtime, however, the Bruins would be victorious once again, this time winning 4–3 to take a 2–0 series lead.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs
The series moved to Chicago Stadium for the next two games, but it was Boston who stayed hot, as they defeated the Hawks 4–3 in overtime once again in the third game. The Bruins dominated the fourth game, winning 5–2, to sweep the series. This was the third straight season that the Black Hawks were swept out of their first playoff round, as the team saw their playoff losing streak reach twelve games.


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Player stats, Playoffs
Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals      MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;


1977–78 Chicago Black Hawks season, Draft picks
Chicago's draft picks at the 1977 NHL amateur draft at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal, Quebec.


1977–78 Chicago Bulls season
The 1977–78 NBA season was the Bulls' 12th season in the NBA.


1977–78 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team
The 1977–78 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team represented the University of Cincinnati during the 1977–78 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bearcats were led by head coach Gale Catlett, as members of the Metro Conference.


1977–78 Cincinnati Stingers season
The 1977–78 Cincinnati Stingers season was the Stingers' third season in the World Hockey Association (WHA). The Stingers placed seventh and missed the playoffs.


1977–78 Cincinnati Stingers season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season
The 1977–78 Cleveland Barons season was the team's second and final season in the NHL. The relocation to Cleveland did not cure the attendance problems that plagued the franchise from its inception in Oakland as the Seals in 1967. In June 1978, with both the Barons and the Minnesota North Stars on the verge of folding, the league approved an arrangement in which the two teams were permitted to merge under the ownership of Barons owner George Gund III. The merged franchise continued as the Minnesota North Stars, and assumed the Barons' old place in the Adams Division. Fifteen seasons later, the North Stars relocated to Dallas and became the Stars, bringing the NHL to Texas for the first time. The NHL returned to the Buckeye State when the Columbus Blue Jackets began play in 2000.


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Offseason, Amateur draft
Cleveland's picks at the 1977 NHL amateur draft, which was held at the NHL's office in Montreal on June 14, 1977.


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Regular season
On December 11, 1977, Tom Bladon of the Philadelphia Flyers became the first defenceman in NHL history to score 8 points in one game. He scored four goals and four assists versus the Cleveland Barons. It was 25% of his point total for the entire season.


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals againstNote: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Schedule and results, Regular season
Legend:  Win (2 points)  Loss (0 points)  Tie (1 point)


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Player stats, Skaters
Note: GP=  Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes; +/- = Plus/minus


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Player stats, Skaters
†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Barons. Stats reflect time with the Barons only. ‡Traded mid-season.


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Player stats, Goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; TOI = Time on ice (minutes); W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average


1977–78 Cleveland Barons season, Transactions
The Barons were involved in the following transactions during the 1977–78 season:


1977–78 Cleveland Cavaliers season
The 1977–78 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the eighth season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA).


1977–78 Clydebank F.C. season
The 1977–78 season was Clydebank's twelfth season after being elected to the Scottish Football League. They finished bottom of the table in the Scottish Premier Division with only six wins and seven draws and returned to Division One the following season. They also competed in the Scottish League Cup and Scottish Cup and for the second season running, the Anglo-Scottish Cup.


1977–78 Colchester United F.C. season
The 1977–78 season was Colchester United's 36th season in their history and first season back in third tier of English football, the Third Division following promotion the previous season. Alongside competing in the Third Division, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the League Cup.