1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, Earthquake, Aftershocks
While the focal mechanism of the mainshock was right-lateral fault slip on the northwest trending Imperial fault, a marked change in the distribution of aftershocks occurred with the onset of the Brawley aftershock, which exhibited left-lateral slip. A distinct zone of aftershocks formed a belt from west of Brawley to near Wiest Lake, where sinistral motion on a northeast trending conjugate fault responded to an increase in tension at the northwest end of the Imperial fault. Another line of aftershocks along the projection of the southern San Andreas fault extended south into the valley up to 50 km (31 mi). Activity in that area of the valley had been aseismic through 1978, and a few events occurred just prior to the event, and a significant increase in the amount of activity followed the mainshock.


1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, Earthquake, Ground disturbances
During two outings in late 1979 and early 1980 several researchers (including Thomas H. Heaton and John G. Anderson) examined the region near the New River and discovered ground disturbances that were related to the Brawley aftershock. Along the banks of the river the seismologists discovered sand boils, a newly formed pond, and an extension crack that was found to run 10 km (6.2 mi) near the south bank in an irregular and disconnected fashion from Brawley to Wiest lake. It was later discovered that the Brawley earthquake had an aftershock zone that matched the area of the disturbances. Accelerograms recorded from the nearby Del Rio Country Club also showed "clear and impressive evidence" of near field ground motions, which may have indicated nearby primary faulting.


1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, Earthquake, Ground disturbances
Numerous sites running along the New River were examined including the twin reinforced concrete bridges in Brawley. Slumping of the foundations there resulted in severe damage, and occurred as a result of the 15 October main shock, though the Brawley earthquake's epicenter was nearby. At the Imperial County Dump, several instances of ground failure were observed in sedimentary deposits near the top of and parallel to the river bank, and other cracks were found in that area that were determined to be the result of differential settling.


1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, Earthquake, Ground disturbances
Farther north at the entrance to the Del Rio Country Club, 30 cm (12 in) scarplets were located west of Route 111, but undisturbed Pleistocene sedimentary layers likely indicated that the scarps were the result of local slumping in the roadcut and not the result of surface faulting. A large pond had apparently formed near the KROP radio station's antenna site where profound liquefaction and subsidence occurred in the river valley. Two weeks following the earthquake sand boils at the same location were still discharging water.


1979 Independence Bowl
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1979 Independence Bowl
The 1979 Independence Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the McNeese State Cowboys and the Syracuse Orangemen.


1979 Independence Bowl, Background
This was McNeese State's 2nd Southland Conference title in three years. This was Syracuse's first bowl game since 1966.


1979 Independence Bowl, Game summary
Gary Anderson gave the Orangemen a 3-0 lead on his 40-yard kick in the second quarter that proved to be the halftime lead. Ken Mandeville made it 10-0 on his 1-yard run. McNeese State retaliated with a Chad Millet touchdown run to make it 10-7 going into the fourth quarter. A 15 play, 73 yard drive culminated with an Art Monk touchdown catch from Bill Hurley. Hurley added in a touchdown run to make it 24-7. Tom Matichak made it 31-7 on a touchdown run of his own to seal off the scoring and give the Orangement the win. Joe Morris ran for 155 yards on 33 carries for Syracuse in their first bowl win since 1961.


1979 Independence Bowl, Aftermath
McNeese made one more bowl appearance in 1980, in the Independence Bowl. Syracuse made four more bowl appearances in the decade. They have not returned to the Independence Bowl since this game.


1979 Indian Open
The 1979 Indian Open, also known as the Indian Grand Prix, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Bombay, India. It was the seventh and last edition of the tournament and was held from 19 November through 25 November 1979. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. First-seeded Vijay Amritraj won the singles title, his fourth at the event after 1973, 1975 and 1977. Due to the cancellation of the tournament in Manila, Philippines the Indian Open was held one week earlier compared to the original schedule.


1979 Indian Open, Finals, Doubles
Chris Delaney /  James Delaney defeated  Thomas Furst /  Wolfgang Popp 7–6, 6–2


1979 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
Rajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1979, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.


1979 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected
The following members are elected in the elections held in 1979. They are members for the term 1979-1985 and retire in year 1985, except in case of the resignation or death before the term. The list is incomplete.


1979 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections
The following bye elections were held in the year 1979.


1979 Indian vice presidential election
The 1979 Indian vice presidential election was held in mid-1979 to elect Vice-President of India. Former Chief Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah was elected unopposed for the post. Should the election contested by more than one candidate, it would be occurred on 27 August 1979.


1979 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1979 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1979 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Lee Corso, in his seventh year as head coach of the Hoosiers. The Hoosiers participated in the Holiday Bowl, in a post-season matchup against BYU. The Hoosiers won 38–37.


1979 Indiana Hoosiers football team
In the Old Oaken Bucket, the Hoosiers lost to Purdue by a score of 37–21.


1979 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries, at Iowa
On October 22, 2016, former Indiana University coach and current ESPN College Football analyst Lee Corso described the game on College Gameday. He said at halftime he told the Hoosiers (who were losing the game 26-3) to not bother coming out for the 2nd half unless they were prepared to win the game. Indiana would then go on to win the game 30-26.


1979 Indiana State Sycamores football team
The 1979 Indiana State Sycamores football team represented Indiana State University in the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were led by second-year head coach Dick Jamieson and played their home games at Memorial Stadium. They were a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 8–3, 3–2 in MVC play to finish in third place. The roster included such standout performers as:  Quarterback Reggie Allen, the 1979 MVC Offensive MVP; Defensive End Gerry Glusic, the 1979 MVC Defensive MVP; Defensive Back Alvin Reynolds;  Linebacker Craig Shaffer, the 1981 MVC Defensive MVP;  and Offensive Lineman Tunch Ilkin. Allen and Ilkin went on to long successful NFL careers, Reynolds as an assistant coach and Ilkin as a Pro Bowl-lineman for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Shaffer spent three seasons with the St. Louis Cardinals


1979 Indiana State Sycamores football team
Glusic was named to the AP All-American Team. Six Sycamores would be named to the All-MVC Team:  Quarterback Reggie Allen, Wide Receivers Kirk Wilson & Eddie Ruffin, Lineman George DeTella, Defensive End Gerry Glusic and Defensive Back John Allman.


1979 Indiana State Sycamores football team
Allen, Glusic and Ilkin have been inducted into the Indiana State University Athletics Hall of Fame.


1979 Indianapolis 500
The 63rd 500 Mile International Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana, on Sunday May 27, 1979. Second-year driver Rick Mears took the lead for the final time with 18 laps to go, and won his first of four Indianapolis 500 races. It was also Mears' first of a record six Indy 500 pole positions. Brothers Al and Bobby Unser combined to lead 174 of the 200 laps, but Al dropped out around the midpoint, and Bobby slipped to 5th place at the finish nursing mechanical issues. It was also Roger Penske's second Indy 500 victory as a car owner.


1979 Indianapolis 500
The race was sanctioned by USAC, and was part of the 1979 USAC National Championship. However, many of the participants entered the race only as a one-off, and instead broke off and took part in the inaugural 1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series. It was the beginning of the first open-wheel "split."


1979 Indianapolis 500
The month of May 1979 was filled with controversy on and off the track. A court injunction was issued after USAC initially denied entries by some teams that were part of the CART series. During time trials, several cars were disqualified due to illegal wastegate exhaust pipes. Qualifying closed with the traditional 33 cars in the field. However, the day before the race a special qualifying session was held to allow certain entries a last chance to qualify. Two additional cars were added to the field, for a total of 35 cars (the most since 1933).


1979 Indianapolis 500
The high tensions and numerous technical squabbles during the month attracted considerable negative criticism from sports writers and media. The race itself, however, was competitive and entertaining, and completed without major incident or controversy.


1979 Indianapolis 500
Among those in attendance was former president Gerald Ford. Ford also served as the grand marshal of the 500 Festival Parade. The 1979 race is also notable in that it was the first to utilize the pace car during caution periods.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, USAC/CART "Split"
Following the death of Indianapolis Motor Speedway president Tony Hulman in 1977, and the tragic 1978 USAC plane crash, owners and participants in Indy car racing were anxious to reorganize the sport. By 1978, a growing dissent amongst the participants was based on many factors, including poor promotion and low revenue. In addition, the venerable 4-cylinder turbo Offenhauser (a favorite of the USAC-loyal teams) was at a horsepower disadvantage to the new V8 Cosworth DFX.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, USAC/CART "Split"
USAC began retooling turbocharger boost rules to ensure the Offy and the "stock block" engines remained competitive, which caused new disagreements about equivalency formulas and favoritism. Though some think the plane crash was used as an opportunistic way to force change in the sport, it was merely a coincidence, more aptly described as a concomitant result. The seed of dissent had been growing for several years before the accident, and claims the crash was an immediate cause for the 1979 USAC/CART "split" are considered for the most part unfounded.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, USAC/CART "Split"
Indy car events outside of Indianapolis were suffering from poor attendance, and few events were even televised. Robin Miller even accused the Speedway of offering a purse that was too low considering the stature of the event and the costs of racing at the time. In late 1978, several existing Indy car owners broke off and created the CART series, with some initial assistance from the SCCA (in order to be recognized by ACCUS). Immediately there was conflict and disagreement. Further complicating the issue were rumors that Goodyear was considering pulling out of the sport. Driver, owner, and advocate Dan Gurney then published his infamous "White Paper," lobbying several complaints and charges against USAC and IMS, concluding that new organization (i.e., CART) was necessary to ensure the success of Indy car racing into the future.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, USAC/CART "Split"
The first major salvo was made on March 25, 1979, when the CART-based teams boycotted the USAC Datsun Twin 200 at Ontario. A. J. Foyt, who at first sided with the CART contingent, retracted his loyalty, and crossed back over to the USAC side. After the boycott, Foyt suggested that USAC should penalize the CART-based teams, and refuse their entries to the Indy 500. Among the drivers affected were Bobby Unser, Al Unser, Johnny Rutherford, Danny Ongais, Gordon Johncock, Steve Krisiloff, and Wally Dallenbach – some of the top names in the sport.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, USAC/CART "Split"
Three days before the published deadline, CART president U. E. "Pat" Patrick delivered a block of 44 entries to the 1979 Indianapolis 500 for the CART-based teams. On April 19, however, the USAC board of directors voted unanimously to reject the entries of six key teams: Penske, Patrick, McLaren, Fletcher, Chaparral, and Gurney. These six teams (19 cars) were alleged to be "harmful to racing" and "not in good standing with USAC." USAC sent the owners a telegram informing them of the situation while they were participating in the CART race at Atlanta, the Gould Twin Dixie 125s.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, USAC/CART "Split"
On April 26, the "rejected six" teams filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, requesting an injunction to allow the teams to compete in the 1979 Indy 500. They cited antitrust and restraint of trade. On May 5, judge James Ellsworth Noland issued the injunction, but restrained the teams from disrupting or interfering with the running of the event.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, Illegal wastegate manifolds
During the month, a second controversy erupted regarding the technical regulations of the turbocharger wastegate. The specifications called for wastegate exhaust pipes to be a minimum of 1.470 inches (inside diameter). The standard pipe diameter was typically 2 inches. In addition, the pop-off valves affixed to the cars were to be set at 50 inHG of "boost" for qualifying (down from 80 inHG). USAC issued a last-minute ruling that in-car adjustments of the boost dial would be banned during time trials.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, Illegal wastegate manifolds
A few teams discovered what they considered a "loophole" in the rules. They utilized a larger diameter wastegate pipe, but welded a washer inside of it that had a circular opening of exactly 1.470 inches. This had the effect of creating back pressure, in hopes of over-riding the pop-off valve, and thus over-boosting the engine, and increasing horsepower.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, Illegal wastegate manifolds
On May 19 (the third day of time trials) the cars of Dick Ferguson, Steve Krisiloff, and Tom Bigelow were disqualified and fined $5,000 because they "had altered their wastegate exhaust pipes by the addition of restrictions which significantly affect the air flow." USAC charged that the teams had tampered with the wastegate exhaust pipe, thus illegally over-riding the pop-off valve, and potentially over-boosting the engine. An appeal was made the next morning, but USAC denied the appeal. Furthermore, they released a memo which stated that any cars qualifying on Sunday May 20 must have unrestricted wastegate pipes (no washers were allowed to be welded inside) that are exactly 1.470 inches in diameter or greater.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, Illegal wastegate manifolds
The ruling created controversy in the garage area, as a further examination of the rules showed a "gray area" regarding the inlet opening configuration. In addition, several complaints surfaced when teams charged USAC with essentially changing the rules in the middle of qualifying – a move which actually affected other already-qualified cars from the first weekend.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Controversies, Illegal wastegate manifolds
The controversy ultimately led to a fifth day of time trials, held the day before the race. Eleven entries that were identified as being denied a fair attempt to qualify were allowed to participate. Each car was allowed one attempt, and if they completed their run faster than the slowest car already in the field, they would qualify for the starting grid. The ruling allowed for a potential 44-car field on race day. Only two cars accomplished the feat, and they were added to the back of the grid for a field of 35 cars.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Saturday May 5
Opening Day saw sparse activity. Only three cars took to the track, with Larry "Boom Boom" Cannon earning the honor of first car on the track. Later in the day, judge James Ellsworth Noland issued the injunction requested by the CART teams, and all entries were allowed to practice. Dick Simon, who was subpoenaed to testify downtown at the hearing, spent enough time at the track to run a lap of 174 mph (280 km/h), the fastest of the day.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Sunday May 6
Hurley Haywood was the fastest of the day with a lap at 181.452 mph (292.019 km/h). The previously rejected CART teams arrived at the garage area, but none took to the track.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Monday May 7
The "Rejected Six" CART teams took their first laps of the month, with Rick Mears turning the fastest lap of the day at 187.578 mph (301.878 km/h). Danny Ongais was a close second at 187.188 mph (301.250 km/h). Spike Gehlhausen had the only incident of the day, when a water line broke, spewing hot fluid into the cockpit. He suffered first and second degree burns, but was cleared to drive.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Tuesday May 8
Rick Mears ran the fastest speed of the month thus far, with a hand-timed lap of 193.5 mph (311.4 km/h).


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Wednesday May 9
A. J. Foyt moved to the top of the speed chart, completing a lap at 194.007 mph (312.224 km/h). Al Unser was second-fastest at 193.382 mph (311.218 km/h).


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Thursday May 10
A. J. Foyt bettered his speed from Wednesday at 194.890 mph (313.645 km/h), maintaining his grasp on the fastest lap of the month.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 1, Friday May 11
Bobby Unser became the latest driver over 190 mph (310 km/h), and Al Unser, Sr. was the fastest of the afternoon at 193.341 mph (311.152 km/h). Moisture kept the track closed until 1:10 p.m., meaning only 2 hours and 10 minutes were lost due to weather all month thus far. A. J. Foyt finished the week with the top practice speed, and Rick Mears had several hand-timed laps in the 193 mph (311 km/h) range.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole Day – Saturday May 12
Rain kept the track closed on pole day until after 4 p.m. At 4:19 p.m., the track opened for practice, with the temperature 55 °F and winds up to 12 mph. During the first practice session, Danny Ongais, a favorite for the front row, wrecked in turn 4 after completing a lap of 191.205 mph. He was pinned in the car for over twenty minutes, and suffered a concussion. He was taken to Methodist Hospital for observation, and returned to his home in Costa Mesa, California, for a few days to recuperate.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Pole Day – Saturday May 12
The crash by Ongais kept the track closed for 40 minutes as crews extricated him from the car and cleaned up the debris. Two other yellows closed the track for another ten minutes, and the day came to a close at 6 p.m. without a single car being able to make a qualifying attempt.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 13
Pole qualifying shifted to Sunday, with partly sunny skies and temperatures in the mid-60s. Due to the new technical rules for 1979, including pop-off valve settings and wastegate regulations, the speeds in time trials were not expected to reach those set in 1977–1978 (over 200 mph (320 km/h)). A hectic, non-stop day of qualifying occurred, with no less than 45 cars pulling away for qualifying attempts.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 13
Johnny Rutherford was the first driver to complete a run at 188.137 mph (302.777 km/h), and became the coveted 'first driver in the field.' Wally Dallenbach was the next car out, and temporarily put himself on the pole with a speed of 188.285 mph (303.015 km/h). Shortly before 1 p.m. Al Unser Sr. took over the provisional pole position with a four-lap average of 192.503 mph (309.804 km/h). A little over an hour later, Al's brother Bobby Unser put himself temporarily in second position at 189.913 mph (305.635 km/h).


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 13
At 4 p.m., Tom Sneva (who won the pole position in 1977–1978) took to the track looking for his record third consecutive Indy 500 pole. He took over the top spot with a four-lap average of 192.998 mph (310.600 km/h). There were only two cars left in line with a legitimate shot for the pole: A. J. Foyt and Rick Mears.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 13
At 4:32 p.m., Foyt's run of 189.613 mph (305.153 km/h) was far short of being fast enough for the pole, but secured him a spot in row 2. The final qualifier for the pole round was Rick Mears. His four-lap average of 193.736 mph (311.788 km/h) won him his first of what would be record six career Indy 500 pole positions. Sneva was bumped to second on the grid.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 1, Second Day – Sunday May 13
At 4:50 p.m., the original pole qualifying round was over, and "Second Day" qualifying commenced. At the end of the day, the field was filled to 25 cars.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Monday May 14
USAC announced that for the first time, the "pack-up rule" would be used during caution periods at the Indy 500. Like the format used in NASCAR and at other Indy car races, when the caution flag came out, the pace car would enter the track and pick up the leader. The remainder of the field would bunch up behind the pace car. The previous system, the Electro-PACER Light system, was scrapped.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Monday May 14
Johnny Rutherford, who was already in the field, posted the fastest lap at 192.185 mph (309.292 km/h). Bobby Unser shook down a Penske back-up car, which some speculated would be for Mario Andretti. Andretti was participating in Formula One full-time in 1979 to defend his 1978 World Championship, and a scheduling conflict with Monaco was expected to keep Mario away from Indy in 1979.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Tuesday May 15
Vern Schuppan was the fastest of the non-qualified drivers at 181.561 mph (292.194 km/h). Bobby Unser continued to practice in the back-up car, but insisted it was to test nose configurations and not being prepared for another driver.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Wednesday May 16
Eldon Rasmussen crashed in turn three, but was not injured. Later, Roger Rager spun in turn 3, but did not make contact. Johnny Rutherford was the fastest of the day at 191.775 mph (308.632 km/h).


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Thursday May 17
Billy Engelhart wrecked in turn 1, suffering a broken leg, and was sidelined for the rest of the month. Speeds dropped off for the day, with A. J. Foyt having the best lap of the day at 189.036 mph (304.224 km/h). Heavy activity amongst the numerous non-qualified cars was noted.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Friday May 18
The final full day of practice saw heavy activity with no incidents reported. Danny Ongais returned to the track to get ready to qualify, but Dr. Thomas A. Hanna, the Speedway medical director, would not clear him to drive for the day.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Practice – Week 2, Friday May 18
Despite some unfounded rumors circulating around the garage area, Mario Andretti decided not to skip Monaco, and would miss the Indy 500 for the first time since arriving as a rookie in 1965. Meanwhile, Indy rookie and NASCAR regular Neil Bonnett flew to Dover to qualify for the Mason-Dixon 500. He planned on putting in a qualifying time for the Winston Cup race on Friday, then returning Saturday to Indianapolis in order to qualify for the Indy 500. However, it rained in Dover on Friday, washing out Cup qualifying. NASCAR qualifying was shifted to Saturday, and due to the time constraints, Bonnett decided to withdraw from Indy. Jerry Sneva took over the car. Bonnett went on to win the Dover NASCAR race, and never returned to Indy.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 19
The third day of time trials saw heavy activity. The day opened with 8 spots available on the grid. Hurley Haywood was the first car to go out, and he ran his first lap over 190 mph (310 km/h). His second and third laps, however, dropped off drastically, and his crew waved off.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 19
Several cars went out in the first hour, and at 1:15 p.m., Jim McElreath filled the field to 33 cars. Larry Cannon was the first car on the bubble. Dick Simon bumped him out with ease. Tom Bigelow was now on the bubble. He survived three wave offs, but Jerry Sneva managed to bump him out at 2 p.m. Jerry Sneva's run was not without excitement, as he suffered a stuck throttle. Rather than wave off, he managed to control the engine with the kill switch, and completed the four laps without incident.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 19
With John Martin now on the bubble, Dick Ferguson took to the track. His speed of 184.644 mph (297.156 km/h) bumped Martin from the field. However, in post-inspection, Ferguson was disqualified and fined $5,000 for an illegal wastegate inlet. Rather than welding a washer inside of the wastegate like others had done, his mechanic Wayne Woodward had welded a complete obstruction in the pipe, attempting to illegally over-ride the popoff valve. Martin was re-instated to the field. Meanwhile, Tom Bigelow bumped out Steve Krisiloff as this was going on.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 19
Martin didn't last long, as Steve Krisiloff got into his backup car and bumped him out a few minutes later. The day concluded with Larry Rice bumping out John Mahler.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Third Day – Saturday May 19
After the track closed, USAC disqualified Steve Krisiloff and Tom Bigelow for the same infraction that Dick Ferguson was disqualified for earlier – illegal wastegate exhaust pipes and attempting to over-ride the pop-off valve. As a result, the bumped cars of John Mahler and John Martin were re-instated to the field.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 20
After the disqualification of three cars on Saturday, USAC issued a memo clarifying their wastegate specifications. Some teams began to voice their complaints that it was not fair for USAC to essentially change the rules midway through time trials. With the increased scrutiny on the wastegate inlets, drivers claimed it was difficult for a legal car to bump out a car already in the field that had cheated, and that the officials were not policing it properly.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 20
The final day scheduled for qualifying began on time around noon. Bill Alsup was the first car to make an attempt, and John Martin was bumped out of the field once again. Danny Ongais, who returned to the cockpit after his crash last weekend, followed suit by "re-bumping" John Mahler. Ongais had complained that USAC officials were deliberately preventing him from returning to the cockpit after his injury. However, after lobbying from his co-competitor and friend Al Unser, officials finally cleared him to drive.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 20
Tom Bigelow and Steve Krisiloff, both whom were disqualified on Saturday, returned to the track, and bumped their way into the field. Dick Ferguson, however, was too slow, and exhausted his three attempts. Further complicating the day, USAC disqualified Bill Alsup for using the same engine that Bobby Unser had already qualified with.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Bump Day – Sunday May 20
The day ended with John Mahler taking the track at 5:59 p.m., and bumping his way back into the field.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 24
After qualifying was closed, eight teams that failed to qualify filed a protest on Monday May 21. They charged that the turbocharger wastegate inlet rules were unfair, and there was too much of a gray area to begin with. In addition, they claimed that many cars that qualified during the first weekend of time trials were technically illegal, but that officials were only closely checking the cars that made attempts on the second weekend.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 24
The protest was denied, but USAC president Dick King announced that the 11 cars that were bumped from the field would be allowed a special qualifying session if all 33 cars in the field signed a special agreement. Dick Ferguson was not among the 11 drivers named as eligible for the special session, so his car owner filed suit in county court on Tuesday to have the race halted until his car was re-instated. Part of the suit called for all 33 qualified cars to be summoned to court to have their wastegate pipes measured. The suit was dropped.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 24
On Carb Day, Gordon Johncock led the speed chart with a lap of 192.555 mph (309.887 km/h). A total of 34 cars took laps, without any major incidents. Howdy Holmes blew an engine, Mike Mosley blew a transmission, and Salt Walther suffered a broken oil scavenger pump.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 24
Of the 33 cars thus qualified, 31 took practice laps. Bill Vukovich II and Dana Carter were assigned as the alternates, and both took practice laps as well. Bob Harkey, however, was not eligible to practice, and pulled out on the track anyway. USAC officials black-flagged him, and made him return to the garage area.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 24
By mid-day Thursday, only 31 of the 33 cars in the field signed the waiver agreeing to extend time trials. The proposal offered Monday was considered void since two teams refused to sign on.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 24
Also that day the 3rd annual Miller Pit Stop Challenge was held. Team McLaren with driver Johnny Rutherford and Chief Mechanics Phil Sharp and Steve Roby won the contest. Runner up was team Jerry O'Connell with driver Tom Sneva.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Special Qualifying Session – Saturday May 26
On Friday May 25, USAC reversed their decision, and declared that in the best interest of the event, they would hold a special qualifying session Saturday morning for the 11 cars that were bumped from the field. The 33 cars that were already in the field were "locked in," and could not be bumped. Each of the eleven cars would be allowed only one attempt. There were no wave offs allowed, and if the run was incomplete, or if the driver missed their turn in line, the attempt was forfeited. If the driver completed the four-lap qualifying run faster than the slowest car in the field (Roger McCluskey at 183.908 mph (295.971 km/h)), he would be added to the rear of the grid. That potentially meant that up to a record 44 cars could start on race day.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Time Trials – Weekend 2, Special Qualifying Session – Saturday May 26
Only two cars, Bill Vukovich II and George Snider ran fast enough, and the final grid comprised 35 cars. Despite the record number of entries and expanded field, only one rookie, Howdy Holmes, qualified for the race. He would win the rookie of the year award by default.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Starting Lineup, Failed to Qualify, Others
R  = Indianapolis 500 rookie W  = Former Indianapolis 500 winner


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Rain fell the night before the race, and the weather forecast for race day was bleak. However, in the morning, the skies cleared, the track dried, and the race began on-time as scheduled.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
At the start, Al Unser Sr. swept from the outside of the front row, and led the field into turn one. Unser was driving Jim Hall's radical new Chaparral 2K chassis. He pulled out to a commanding lead, and proceeded to lead the first 24 laps. Heavy attrition early on saw seven cars out with mechanical problems by lap 22.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Cliff Hucul stalled on lap 28, bringing out the first caution during the first sequence of pit stops. As the field went back to green, Al Unser again dominated. On lap 43, Wally Dallenbach lost a wheel down the backstretch, and had to precariously guide his car back to the pits on three wheels.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
With Al Unser still dominating, the rest of the top five was Rick Mears, Bobby Unser, and Johnny Rutherford.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Rutherford then headed to the pits with a broken gear. After lengthy repairs, he returned to the race. Leader Al Unser came in for a routine pit stop under the caution on lap 97. Moments later, he was back into the pits after it was reported that something may have been leaking or smoking from the back of the car. Still under the caution, after a quick consultation, Unser returned to the track. The green flag back came out with Bobby Unser now leading.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
On lap 103, Al Unser Sr. was running second to Bobby Unser when heavy smoke and flames started coming from the back of the car. The Chaparral 2K experienced a failed transmission oil fitting, and Unser was out of the race. After mutual differences, Unser decided to leave the team at the end of the season.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
With Al out, his brother Bobby was now in control. Rick Mears was holding second, and A. J. Foyt was moving up to third, one lap down.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
The first crash of the day involved Larry Rice on lap 156.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
With twenty laps to go, Bobby Unser led his Penske teammate Rick Mears by a few car lengths. A. J. Foyt was running third, one lap down. Suddenly on lap 181, Bobby Unser veered to the inside of the track. He was off the pace with gearbox trouble. That handed the lead to Rick Mears with 19 laps to go. Less than a lap later, A. J. Foyt (now in second) got by Mears to un-lap himself. Bobby Unser would stay out on the track and nursed his ailing car to a 5th-place finish in third gear.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Rick Mears made his final pit stop from the lead on lap 185. He took on fuel only, and no tires. A. J. Foyt followed, completing a fast 8.5-second pit stop. The leaders pits stops were over, and Mears now held a 38-second lead over Foyt.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Suddenly with 8 laps to go, Tom Sneva wrecked in turn four, bringing out the yellow, and bunching up the field. The green came back out for one last sprint to the finish with four laps to go. Rick Mears led, with A. J. Foyt at the tail-end of the pack. Mike Mosley was one lap down in third place, however, an early-race scoring error was tentatively showing him two laps down in 5th place. Foyt was mired in heavy traffic, and needed to pass at least 14 cars to catch up to Mears.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
With Foyt struggling to make up the ground, his engine lost a cylinder. Down on power, Foyt began to slow. Third-place Mosley, fighting to stay ahead of fourth-place Danny Ongais, un-lapped himself on the final lap and continued to charge. Meanwhile, Mears cruised unchallenged to the finish line. Mears in only his second start, won his first of four Indy 500 victories.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Coming off of turn four with the checkered flag waving, A. J. Foyt's engine quit. He pulled to the inside and was coasting down the frontstretch towards the finish line. Mike Mosley was storming down the frontstretch at full speed, but Foyt nipped him at the finish line by 2.3 seconds to hold on to second position. Though it was not known at the moment, Mosley's charge on the final lap nearly gave him second place. After the race, officials discovered a scoring error, and realized that Mosely was not credited with a lap at the start of the race. In the official results, Mosely was credited with third place, just behind Foyt.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Bill Vukovich II, who was one of only two drivers to make the field during the special Saturday qualifying session, charged all the way from 34th starting position to 8th at the finish.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Born in 1951, Rick Mears became the first Indy 500 winner born after World War II. It was also the last checkered flag for USAC chief starter/flagman Pat Vidan. This would be the final Indianapolis 500 participation for Team McLaren who left Indy car racing as a team all together until their return in 2017.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race results, Box Score
R  = Indianapolis 500 rookie W  = Former Indianapolis 500 winner Indicates diver eligible for CART Championship points only. Indicates driver eligible for USAC Championship Trail points only.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race results, CART Points standings after this race
Rick Mears would ride the wave of this victory to the Inaugural CART Championship.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Race results, USAC Points standings after this race
This was one of two races Foyt would not win during the USAC Season as he won the other five out of seven races to easily take his seventh and final championship.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Paul Page served as anchor for the third year. Lou Palmer reported from victory lane. Billy Scott, who failed to qualify for the race, served as the "driver expert."


1979 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
After 31 years on the broadcast, fourth turn reporter Jim Shelton retired from the crew. Bob Jenkins debuted on the backstretch, while Darl Wible moved to the vacant turn four position. Bob Forbes' primary duties again involved covering the garage area and roving reports. For 1979, a third level was added to the Turn Two Suites. Howdy Bell's vantage point on the roof of the suites building moved slightly higher than previous years.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Paul PageDriver expert: Billy ScottStatistician: John DeCampHistorian: Donald Davidson


1979 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Ron CarrellTurn 2: Howdy BellBackstretch: Bob Jenkins  R Turn 3: Doug ZinkTurn 4: Darl Wible


1979 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried in the United States on ABC Sports on a same-day tape delay basis. On-air color commentator Jackie Stewart was selected to drive the pace car at the start of the race. Stewart reported live while driving the Ford Mustang pace car.


1979 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast has re-aired on ESPN Classic since May 2011.


1979 Indianapolis mayoral election
The Indianapolis mayoral election of 1979 took place on November 6, 1979 and saw the reelection of Republican William H. Hudnut III.


1979 Indianapolis mayoral election
Hudnut defeated Democratic former city-county councilman Paul Cantwell in what was reported to have been the greatest margin of defeat for a Democratic candidate in an Indianapolis mayoral election in 150 years. Cantwell had resigned his City-County Council seat to focus on his campaign.


1979 Indianapolis mayoral election
Ahead of the election season, Hudnut had demonstrated a strong advantage in polls. Top prospective Democratic candidates declined to run.


1979 Indianapolis mayoral election
Cantwell struggled to raise funds, ultimately raising only $38,000. Hudnut, meanwhile, spent $278,000 dollars during his campaign.


1979 Indianapolis mayoral election
At the time of the election, Cantwell's son Danny Cantwell was awaiting trial for murder. He would be acquitted in November 1980. Paul Cantwell argued that the charges were political, and were retribution for his investigations of police corruption.


1979 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1979 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 14th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held on 4/5 March 1979 in Inzell, Germany.


1979 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1979 Individual Long Track World Championship was the ninth edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 9 September 1979 in Mariánské Lázně in the Czech Republic, which was Czechoslovakia at the time.


1979 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Alois Wiesböck of West Germany.


1979 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship
The 1979 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship was the third edition of the European Under-21 Championships.


1979 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship, European final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1979 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 34th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship
In his 14th straight World Final appearance (dating back to 1966), New Zealand's Ivan Mauger won his 6th Speedway World Championship, breaking the previous record of 5 wins held by himself and legendary Swede Ove Fundin. Mauger scored 14 points to defeat local favourite Zenon Plech (13) and young English tearaway Michael Lee (11), with Lee the only rider to defeat Mauger on the day. Lee also had to defeat Kelly Moran (USA), Billy Sanders (Australia) and defending champion Ole Olsen in a runoff for third after all four riders finished on 11 points. This would prove to be the last appearance for Ivan Mauger as a rider in a World Final.


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, British Qualification
Similar to the previous season, the Sunday Mirror sponsored British qualifying rounds for the World Championship doubled up as qualifying rounds for the Berger sponsored Grand Prix. Therefore, many non-British riders such as Scott Autrey and Ivan Mauger rode in these meetings scoring points towards the Grand Prix qualification - but their scores didn't count towards World Championship qualification.


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, British Qualification, British Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Danish Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Nordic Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Commonwealth Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Intercontinental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, Continental Round, Continental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1979 Intercontinental Cup
The 1979 Intercontinental Cup was an association football final played on a two-legged system. It was the last time in the history of the tournament that this format was used before Toyota became the main sponsor in 1980 and a single-game final was held each year in Japan. The final was played between Olimpia Asunción of Paraguay (winners of the 1979 Copa Libertadores) and Malmö FF of Sweden (runners-up of the 1978–79 European Cup), with Olimpia emerging as the champion after a 3–1 aggregate score win. Malmö FF took its place as the runners-up of the European competition since the European champions Nottingham Forest declined to play the final.


1979 Intercontinental Final
The 1979 Intercontinental Final was the fifth running of the Intercontinental Final as part of the qualification for the 1979 Speedway World Championship. The 1979 Final was run on 5 August at the White City Stadium in London, England, and was the last qualifying stage for riders from Scandinavia, the USA and from the Commonwealth nations for the World Final to be held at the Silesian Stadium in Chorzów, Poland.


1979 Intercontinental Final
In front of their home crowd, 20-year-old sensation Michael Lee and 1976 World Champion Peter Collins dominated the meeting with Lee defeating Collins in a runoff after both finished on 14 points. Four points back was Denmark's Finn Thomsen who defeated Dave Jessup and Ivan Mauger in a runoff for third place. Mauger would go on to make history in Poland, winning his record 6th Individual World Championship.


1979 Intercontinental Final
Surprise non-qualifiers for the World Final were England's Gordon Kennett (who had finished second in the 1978 World Final at Wembley) and Finland's Kai Niemi. Both riders rode for the British League club White City with the 380 metres (420 yards) White City Stadium being their home track.


1979 Intertoto Cup
In the 1979 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1979 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into eight groups of four teams each.


1979 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1979 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1979 Big Ten Conference football season. It was the first season for new head coach Hayden Fry, who arrived in Iowa City after spending the previous six years at North Texas State.


1979 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Indiana
On October 22, 2016, former Indiana University coach and current ESPN College Football analyst Lee Corso described the game on College Gameday. He said at halftime he told the Hoosiers (who were losing the game 26-3) to not bother coming out for the 2nd half unless they were prepared to win the game. Indiana would then go on to win the game 30-26.


1979 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Nebraska
For the second week in a row, the Hawkeyes faced a Big 8 opponent ranked in the top 10. Iowa led 21-14 at the end of the 3rd quarter, but Nebraska tied the game then recovered a fumble before kicking the winning field goal late.


1979 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Iowa State
This game marked Hayden Fry's first win as head coach of the Hawkeyes.


1979 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Wisconsin
Dennis Mosley broke Ed Podolak's single-season rushing record and caught a 75-yard touchdown pass in the win over the Badgers.


1979 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1979 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They participated as members of the Big Eight Conference. The team was coached by head coach Donnie Duncan.


1979 Ipswich Borough Council election
The 1979 Ipswich Borough Council election was the first election to the Ipswich Borough Council under the new arrangements determined by the Local Government Boundary Commission as laid out in their Report 280. In accordance with the Local Government Act 1972 the Council had request a system of electing by thirds. Originally the Council had argued for 18 wards with 3 councillors each, making 54 in total. However, when this was analysed in terms of the Suffolk County Council (SCC), this was more numerous than would be compatible with the SCC's desired size of 75 members. The Ipswich Borough Council was invited to submit a revised proposal, leading to the creation of 16 wards with 3 councillors each. This became the finalised structure of the wards for the 1979 election.


1979 Ipswich Borough Council election
It took place as part of the 1979 United Kingdom local elections.


1979 Ipswich Borough Council election
There were 16 wards returning between 3 councillors each. The Labour Party gained control of the Council. It took place as part of the 1979 United Kingdom local elections.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Convention elections were held in Iran on 3 and 4 August 1979. The result was a victory for the Islamic Republican Party. There were 10,784,932 votes cast in the elections, marking 51.71% turnout. Of all members elected, 68% were clerics.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election
The new constitution drawn up by the body was approved by the voters in a referendum in December.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Campaign
During the elections, Islamic Republican Party had the upper hand when many clerical organizations and friday prayer imams endorsed IRP candidates and the National Television gave them extra time. Their campaign literature featured large pictures of Ayatollah Khomeini, who urged the voters to elect candidates with "Islamic qualifications", on the grounds that only such candidates are able to draft a genuine Islamic constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Campaign
Different leftist groups fielded candidates for the elections, including the Tudeh Party of Iran, the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas, the Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class and the Socialist Workers' Party of Iran. Among the nominees of the latter was the only soldier to run in the elections and two people in Khuzestan Province who campaigned while being jailed.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Campaign
People's Mujahedin of Iran ran 26 candidates under its banner, including Massoud Rajavi in Tehran, Mousa Khiabani, Ahmad Hanifnejad and two others in Azerbaijan, eleven in central provinces, six in the northern provinces of Caspian and four in Khorasan.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Campaign, Boycott
Several parties including National Front and National Democratic Front boycotted the elections in protest to the new press law, the result of which was to close many newspapers. They also protested the election method, in which the voters should write names of the candidates on the ballot slips. They regarded it questionable, considering the high rate of illiteracy at the time.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Conduct
The elections were held nationwide, except for two constituencies in Kurdistan Province, where an insurgency was underway. The voting age was reduced to 16 before the elections to make more citizens eligible to vote.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Results
The Islamic Republican Party and its Khomeinist allies won the election, securing an absolute majority of seats. Of all members elected, 58 were candidates supported by the IRP-led Great Islamic Coalition while the Freedom Movement of Iran and the Muslim People's Republican Party had endorsed 7 and 6 respectively (some were included in more than one list). The IRP was successful nationwide except for East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, both MPRP strongholds, as well as Sistan and Baluchestan where Sunni candidates won. Secular candidates were defeated by a wide margin and most of the members elected were not only Islamist, but also were clerics, as stated by Ervand Abrahamian:


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Results
The winners included 15 ayatollahs, 40 hojjat al-Islams, and 11 IRP-sponsored intellectuals.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Results
The only successful candidates not affiliated with the IRP were: Taleqani, who obtained by far the most votes in Tehran – however, he died soon after the elections; another Tehran cleric close to both Taleqani and the Mojahedin; two provincial clerics sympathetic to Bazargan; three delegates from Azarbayjan sponsored by Shariatmadari's Islamic People’s Republican Party; one member of the Liberation Movement; one spokesman of the Kurdish Democratic Party, who was promptly barred from his seat; and the four representatives of the official religious minorities, the Armenians, Assyrians, Jews and Zoroastrians.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election, Results, Summary
A summarised results of the parties that won seats at the election is as follows:


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in East Azerbaijan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in East Azerbaijan Province (also encompassing the present-day Ardabil Province) with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide all six seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in East Azerbaijan Province
The result was a relative victory for the Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) over the Islamic Republican Party (IRP). A stronghold of Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari supporters, it was one of the few constituencies where Khomeinist candidates did not end up winning a landslide. Out of the six seats up for the election, four went to those endorsed by the MPRP while the IRP had listed three winners (one candidates was supported by both). Lay candidates supported by groups such as the Freedom Movement of Iran, the People's Mujahedin of Iran and the Movement of Militant Muslims were all defeated.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in East Azerbaijan Province
Secular nationalists and communists could not receive more than 3% of the votes.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Fars Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Fars Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide four seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Fars Province
All seats went to Khomeinist candidates, who were affiliated with the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom and the Combatant Clergy Association. The clerical candidates supported by the Muslim People's Republic Party and laymen listed by the Quintuple Coalition were all defeated. Lay candidates fielded by the Islamic Republican Party, including a woman, were also defeated.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Gilan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Gilan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide three seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Gilan Province
All seats went to Khomeinist candidates, who were affiliated with the Islamic Republican Party, the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom and the Combatant Clergy Association. The clerical candidate supported by the Freedom Movement of Iran was placed fourth, ahead of a People's Mujahedin of Iran member listed by the Quintuple Coalition. Communist candidates of different groups were also all defeated, though they received a higher percentage of votes in comparison to communists in other provinces.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Hamedan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Hamedan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Hamedan Province
The constituency was a scene of rivalry between candidates of different Islamic groups and no communist or secular nationalist ran for a seat. The result was a landslide victory for the two candidates supported by both the Islamic Republican Party and the Combatant Clergy Association. Members of other parties such as the Muslim People's Republic Party, the Movement of Militant Muslims and JAMA (the latter endorsed by the Quintuple Coalition) were defeated.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Isfahan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Isfahan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide four seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Isfahan Province
The Islamic Republican Party won by a landslide. The rival list of the Quintuple Coalition, an alliance which included the People's Mujahedin of Iran, was defeated.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Isfahan Province
Unlike other provinces, the constituency was not contested by groups such as the Freedom Movement of Iran or the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Kerman Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Kerman Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Kerman Province
Only five candidates ran for the two seats, which both went to those endorsed by the Coalition of Islamic Parties in absence of many rival groups. The candidate supported by the Freedom Movement of Iran was placed fifth with less than 1% of the votes cast.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Kermanshahan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Kermanshahan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Kermanshahan Province
The Islamic Republican Party and the Freedom Movement of Iran had each supported one of the winning candidates. The leader of the National Front who belonged to a local tribe was notably defeated in the constituency.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Khorasan Province
On 3 August 1979, Constitutional Convention election was held in Khorasan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide seven seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Khorasan Province
It resulted in a landslide victory for the Khomeinist candidates in the Coalition of Islamic Parties who swept all seats. They were followed by clerical rivals of Khomeini, including the leader of Hojjatieh, who were endorsed jointly by Hassan Tabatabaei Qomi and Mohammad al-Shirazi. The top four winning contenders were supported by both groupings, indicating that the former list had approximately twice number of supporters in comparison to the latter. The top candidate of the defeated Quintuple Coalition received no better than 5% of all votes cast, suppressing those supported by the Sunni community. Candidates of non-religious groups such as the left-wing Tudeh Party of Iran and the right-wing Nation Party of Iran could not receive more than a few thousand votes in their favor.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Khuzestan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Khuzestan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide four seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Khuzestan Province
The Islamic Republican Party was able to secure three of the seats (two of whom endorsed by the Movement of Militant Muslims), while the fourth winner was only supported by the Movement of Militant Muslims. They were followed by the defeated candidate who was endorsed by both the Combatant Clergy Association and the Freedom Movement of Iran in fifth place. Several communists who belonged to groups advocating different lines (Maoism, Trotskyism and pro-Soviet) also contested in the election but were all defeated by a wide margin. The two candidates of the right-wing Nation Party of Iran received less than 1% of the votes.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Kordestan Province
In August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in parts of the Kordestan Province with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Lorestan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Lorestan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Lorestan Province
The resut was a landslide victory for the Islamic Republican Party whose candidates received more than 90% of the votes. The candidate of the right-wing nationalist Nation Party of Iran was placed third.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Markazi Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Markazi Province (encompassing today's Qom Province) with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Markazi Province
Only four candidates, who were all clerics, ran for the two seats. It resulted in a victory for the candidates supported by the Islamic Republican Party and its allies, in absence of their rival parties. Sadegh Khalkhali who also ran for a seat in Tehran Province at the same time (both without support of the Coalition of Islamic Parties), ended up in the third place.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Sistan and Baluchestan Province with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide the two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Both candidates who won the election belonged to the Sunni Baloch community in the province. The Shia cleric supported by the Islamic Republican Party was defeated.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Tehran Province
On 3 August 1979, Constitutional Convention election was held in Tehran Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide ten seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Tehran Province
It resulted in a landslide victory or the Coalition of Islamic Parties, which all of its candidates won with a wide margin. Unlike other constituencies, the coalition's list of candidates was not dominated by the Khomeinists in the Islamic Republican Party and included four of their moderate rivals. Mahmoud Taleghani, the popular cleric who was endorsed by groups in a wide range of political spectrum, was ranked first and gained almost 80% of votes. Other coalitions including the Quintuple Coalition and the Grand National Alliance were defeated and none of their candidates, exempting those shared with the Islamic coaltion, performed well. The former's top exclusive candidates, Asghar Sayyed Javadi and Massoud Rajavi, received no better than 12% of all votes cast.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Tehran Province
No secular group was successful and all of candidates affiliated with such parties were defeated. Communist parties like the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas, the Tudeh Party of Iran, the Socialist Workers' Party of Iran and the Laborers' Party of Iran, as well as those of the nationalists such as the Nation Party of Iran, the National Front and the Radical Movement of Iran, all did poor.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in West Azerbaijan Province
On 3 August 1979, Constitutional Convention election was held in West Azerbaijan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide three seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in West Azerbaijan Province
Each of the seats in the constituency went to a party. The Khomeinist candidate supported by the Islamic Republican Party was placed first, while the candidate endorsed by the Muslim People's Republic Party of Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari became second. The two Kurdish candidates who belonged to the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan ended up in the third and fourth places, and the party was able to secure a seat. The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas' nominee received no more than 11% of the votes and was defeated.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Zanjan Province
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in Zanjan Province (encompassing today's Qazvin Province) with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide two seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution.


1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly election in Zanjan Province
The result was a victory for the two candidates supported by the Islamic Republican Party while the candidate of the Combatant Clergy Association was placed third. Members of other parties such as the Muslim People's Republic Party, the Nation Party of Iran and JAMA (the latter endorsed by the Quintuple Coalition) were defeated and the only communist who ran in the constituency received the least number of votes cast.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory
The Iranian Revolution of 1979, in which Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by an Islamist government led by Ruhollah Khomeini, has been the subject of conspiracy theories alleging Western involvement, in particular, that the United States and the United Kingdom secretly opposed the Shah because his White Revolution and Iran's growing independence was unfavorable to their interests in Iranian petroleum. In his own memoirs, Answer to History, the Shah alleges that Western forces most prominently England, the United States, and Big Oil conspired against him all for their own reasons while most notably, he claims due to his manipulation of oil prices.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory
Khomeini rejected the charges, claiming it was the Shah who was a Western "agent" who had prevented the establishment of Islamic government in Iran until the revolution.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Background
The US State Department drew criticism for doing little to communicate with Tehran or discourage protest and opposition to the Shah. The intelligence community within the US has also been subject due to criticism particularly for reporting to President Jimmy Carter “Iran is not in a revolutionary or even a ‘pre-revolutionary’ situation.” President Jimmy Carter was also blamed for his lack of support for the Shah while failing to deter opposition. Within Iran, the revolution is widely believed to be a British plot to overthrow the Shah. This theory would come to be known as the 1979 Iranian Revolution Conspiracy Theory. The theory was supported by the Shah of Iran who believed his increasing control over oil markets and his 1973 nationalize of Iranian oil prompted international oil companies to unseat him.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Background
International policies pursued by the Shah in order to increase national income by remarkable increases in the price of oil through his leading role in the Organization of the Oil Producing Countries (OPEC) have been stressed as a major cause for a shift of Western interests and priorities, and for a reduction of their support for him reflected in a critical position of Western politicians and media, especially of the administration of U.S. President Jimmy Carter regarding the question of human rights in Iran, and in strengthened economic ties between the United States of America and Saudi Arabia in the 1970s.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Claims, Claimed British involvement
According to a book by F. William Engdahl, A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order, a conspiracy to overthrow the Shah was hatched by the British and Americans in 1978 coinciding with the Iranian Revolution in the aftermath of the collapse of negotiations to renew a twenty-five year-old agreement between the Shah's government and British Petroleum known as the  Consortium Agreement of 1954.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Claims, Claims by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi himself asserted that, "If you lift up Khomeini's beard, you will find MADE IN ENGLAND written under his chin," in the later days of his reign as monarch. This statement by Pahlavi was an adaptation of another saying, "If you lift a mullah's beard, you will find 'Made in Britain' stamped on his chin."


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Claims, Claims by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Engdahl quotes Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as blaming not the British but the Americans for his overthrow.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Claims, Claims by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
I did not know it then – perhaps I did not want to know – but it is clear to me now that the Americans wanted me out. Clearly this is what the human rights advocates in the State Department wanted … What was I to make of the Administration's sudden decision to call former U.S. Under Secretary of State George Ball to the White House as an adviser on Iran? … Ball was among those Americans who wanted to abandon me and ultimately my country.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Claims, 1978 Ettela'at article
On 7 January 1978, the state news agency Ettela'at published an article accusing Khomeini of being a British agent and a "mad Indian poet." The article claimed that Khomeini's Islamist faction had joined forces with communist dissidents to oppose the regime's modernization project, and that Khomeini's opposition to the Shah was prompted and paid for by British oil interests.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Claims, 1978 Ettela'at article
Supporters of Khomeini, outraged by the article, organized violent demonstrations in response.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Beliefs of Iranian public
BBC Persian journalist Hossein Shahidi has talked about "the deep-rooted belief" among Iranians "that Britain is behind every move in Iran," and in particular that the BBC radio is "credited with, or accused of, having brought about the downfall of" both Pahlavi kings, Mohammad Reza Shah and his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi whose thirty-seven-year rule was brought to an end by the Iranian Revolution of 1978-79.


1979 Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory, Beliefs of Iranian public
A survey of Iranian expatriates in Southern California found the leading explanation for the 1979 revolution to be foreign plots,as did a recent survey in Isfahan.


1979 Iranian local elections
In October 1979, Ministry of Interior held elections for local councils in 150 cities along with elections coordinated and overseen for councils in thousands of villages and nomadic communities. It was a move to address the importance of the local councils raised by the revolutionaries and to replace the councils with those existing since the Pahlavi dynasty.


1979 Iranian local elections
Kian Tajbakhsh argues that the councils were put on hold on fears of separatist aspirations, mainly because of eruptions of armed conflict in the provinces amidst Iran-Iraq war.


1979 Iranian local elections
According to Wilfried Buchta, in Kurdish and Turkmen regions the councils were "dominated by secular left-wing groups, wielded  considerable  influence  both  at the municipal and at the village level".


1979 Iranian local elections
In Zahedan, the clerical and regionalist Muslim Union Party (hezb-e ettehad al-Moslemin) led by Abdulaziz Mullazadeh that advocated more representation of Baluch people in the central government, played an active role in the campaigns and fueled the tensions between Sunni and Shia communities despite boycotting the election. The majority of the seats were won by non-Baluch candidates and on 12 October 1979 ethnic unrest occurred in the city, before the result was annulled.


1979 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia
The 1979 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia was a series of eight matches played by the Ireland national rugby union team in Australia in May and June 1979.


1979 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia
The tour was one of Ireland's most successful to date. Ireland won seven of the eight matches they played, including both tests against Australia. The only defeat came against Sydney. The tour also marked a notable episode in the rivalry between the two Ireland fly halves, Tony Ward and Ollie Campbell. Ward had been an ever present during both the 1978 and 1979 Five Nations Championships and he also played in the early games during this tour. However he was then dropped before the first test in favour of Campbell.


1979 Ireland rugby union tour of Australia
Campbell subsequently emerged as man of the tour, setting an Irish record when he scored 60 points during the remaining games. On 3 June in Brisbane he scored 19 points, helping Ireland to a 27–12 victory. Campbell scored four penalties, one drop goal and converted two Colin Patterson tries. In the second test on 16 June Campbell scored two drop goals and a penalty as Ireland won 9–3. These two tests also marked the beginning and the end of the careers of two Ireland rugby legends. The first test saw the debut of Ciaran Fitzgerald while the second saw Mike Gibson make his final Ireland appearance. While on this tour Ned Byrne was the victim of a hit and run road accident which left his leg broken in three places.


1979 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1979 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during June and July with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 28 July 1979.


1979 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Penny County won £20,000 and was trained by Matt Travers, owned by Paddy Hurney & Sean Dunne and bred by Con Moore. The competition was sponsored by Carrolls.


1979 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The fastest time in the opening round of the Irish Derby was set by Up Nineteen in 29.06 secs, closely followed by Penny County in 29.12. Other winners included Knockrour Slave and Nameless Pixie.


1979 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the second round Nameless Pixie was fastest in 29.25 with Distant Clamour just behind on 29.26, it was in this round that the well-respected Ger McKenna hound Knockrour Slave failed to progress to the next round. Indian Joe trained by John Hayes impressed in the quarter finals winning in 29.22; the remaining quarter finals were claimed by Penny County, Airmount Champ and Rathvilly Night.


1979 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Distant Clamour won again in the semi-finals defeating 1978 finalist Malange; whilst Airmount Champ won the second heat beating Nameless Pixie. The third and final race saw Penny County qualify with Indian Joe in second place.


1979 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The final saw Penny County out of the traps first, chased by Distant Clamour who challenged on a couple of occasions but found his path blocked. Nameless Pixie ran on well for third place.


1979 Irish Masters
The 1979 Irish Masters was the fifth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place from 1 to 3 February 1979. The tournament was played at Goffs in Kill, County Kildare, and featured four professional players.


1979 Irish Masters
Doug Mountjoy won the title for the first time, beating Ray Reardon 6–5 in the final.


1979 Irish constitutional referendums
Two referendums were held together in Ireland on 5 July 1979, each on a proposed amendment of the Irish constitution. Both proposals were approved by voters.


1979 Irish constitutional referendums, Sixth Amendment
The Sixth Amendment to the constitution provided that orders made by the Adoption Board could not be declared unconstitutional because they were not made by a court.


1979 Irish constitutional referendums, Seventh Amendment
The Seventh Amendment to the constitution allowed the state to determine by law which institutions of higher education would be entitled to elect members of the Senate.


1979 Irish local elections
The 1979 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on 7 June 1979, on the same day as the first direct elections to the European Parliament.


1979 Island Holidays Classic
The 1979 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from October 1 through October 7, 1979. Seventh-seeded Bill Scanlon won his second consecutive singles title at the event.


1979 Island Holidays Classic, Finals, Doubles
Nick Saviano /  John Lloyd defeated  Rod Frawley /  Francisco González 7–5, 6–4


1979 Israel Super Cup
The 1979 Israel Super Cup was the 9th Israel Super Cup (14th, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup.


1979 Israel Super Cup
The match was played between Maccabi Tel Aviv, champions of the 1978–79 Liga Leumit and Beitar Jerusalem, winners of the 1978–79 Israel State Cup.


1979 Israel Super Cup
This was Maccabi Tel Aviv's 5th Israel Super Cup appearance (including unofficial matches) and Beitar's third. At the match, played at Bloomfield Stadium, Maccabi Tel Aviv won 2–0.


1979 Italian Athletics Championships
The 1979 Italian Athletics Championships was the 69th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Rome (track & field events).


1979 Italian Formula Three Championship
The 1979 Campionato Italiano F3 season was the 15th season of the Italian Formula Three Championship.


1979 Italian Grand Prix
The 1979 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 9 September 1979 at Monza. It was the thirteenth race of the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.


1979 Italian Grand Prix
The 50-lap race was won by South African Jody Scheckter, driving a Ferrari, with Canadian team-mate Gilles Villeneuve second and Swiss Clay Regazzoni third in a Williams-Ford. Scheckter claimed the Drivers' Championship in the process, while Ferrari clinched the Constructors' Championship.


1979 Italian Grand Prix
This race marked Scuderia Ferrari's 300th start in a World Championship event as a team.


1979 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Background
Monza was revamped for 1979, with the track re-surfaced and run-off areas added to the Curva Grande and the Lesmo curves.


1979 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Background
The entry list was enlarged by the return of the Alfa Romeo team, which had participated in the Belgian and French Grands Prix earlier in the season. Alfa Romeo fielded two cars: a new 179 chassis for Bruno Giacomelli, and the old 177 for Vittorio Brambilla, back in action for the first time since the crash in the previous year's race at Monza that had claimed the life of Ronnie Peterson. Meanwhile, Mexican Héctor Rebaque had his HR100 chassis ready for the first time, while Switzerland's Marc Surer, having won the Formula Two championship the previous month, made his first Formula One appearance as Ensign took him on in place of Patrick Gaillard.


1979 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The turbo-powered Renaults were quick in qualifying and filled the front row of the grid, with Jean-Pierre Jabouille ahead of René Arnoux. It was Jabouille's fourth pole position of the season, and Renault's sixth. Scheckter and Alan Jones in the Williams made up the second row, while on the third were their respective teammates, Gilles Villeneuve and Clay Regazzoni. The top ten was completed by Jacques Laffite in the Ligier, the Brabhams of Nelson Piquet and Niki Lauda, and Mario Andretti in the Lotus.


1979 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Race
The Renaults were slow off the start line and so Scheckter took the lead, with Arnoux holding on to second. Jones also made a poor start and dropped to the back of the field, putting Villeneuve third and the fast-starting Laffite fourth. On lap 2, Arnoux passed Scheckter for the lead, while Piquet crashed out after tangling with Regazzoni. Regazzoni was slow out of Curva Grande and Piquet took an outside line to keep his speed. Regazzoni moved across, possibly unaware Piquet was there, and sent the Brazilian heavily into the barriers, with the Brabham ending in two halves either side of the track. Fortunately Piquet was unhurt, and Regazzoni continued in the race.


1979 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Race
For the next eleven laps Arnoux, Scheckter, Villeneuve, Laffite and Jabouille ran nose-to-tail, with Regazzoni a distant sixth. Then, on lap 13, Arnoux's engine began to misfire, leading to his retirement. Scheckter thus regained the lead, with Villeneuve dutifully following him. Later in the race, Laffite and Jabouille also suffered engine failures, promoting Regazzoni to third.


1979 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Race
Scheckter eventually took the chequered flag half a second ahead of Villeneuve and, with it, the Drivers' Championship. This one-two finish for Ferrari in their home race also secured them the Constructors' Championship. Regazzoni finished four seconds behind Villeneuve and 50 ahead of Lauda, with the final points going to Andretti and Jean-Pierre Jarier in the Tyrrell.


1979 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1979 Italian Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. It was the 36th edition of the tournament. The men's tournament was part of the 1979 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix while the women's tournament, held separately for the first time, was part of the Colgate Series (Category AAA). The women's event was played from 7 May through 13 May 1979 while the men's event was organized from 21 May through 27 May 1979.


1979 Italian Open (tennis)
After a final that lasted five hours and nine minutes second-seeded Vitas Gerulaitis won the men's singles title, his second Italian Open title after 1977, and the accompanying $28,000 first-prize money. The women's singles title was won by third-seeded Tracy Austin. In the semifinal Austin defeated compatriot Chris Evert-Lloyd which ended Evert-Lloyd's record 125-match winning streak on clay that had started in August 1973.


1979 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's singles
Vitas Gerulaitis defeated  Guillermo Vilas 6–7, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–2


1979 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Peter Fleming /  Tomáš Šmíd defeated  José Luis Clerc /  Ilie Năstase 4–6, 6–1, 7–5


1979 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Betty Stöve /  Wendy Turnbull defeated  Evonne Goolagong /  Kerry Reid 6–3, 6–4


1979 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
Lombardy elected its eighth delegation to the Italian Senate on June 3, 1979. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1979 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.


1979 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. Seven Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party, while the agricultural Province of Pavia and Province of Mantua preferred the Italian Communist Party.


1979 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background
For the first time the Italian Communist Party lost votes, after a period of terroristic attacks by the Red Brigades. Even the far-right Italian Social Movement was weakened. Between other minor parties, the Radical Party obtained its first seat.


1979 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Electoral system
The electoral system for the Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.


1979 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 3 June 1979, to select the Eighth Republican Parliament. This election was called just a week before the European vote: the failure to hold the two elections at the same time caused much criticism for wasting public money.


1979 Italian general election
Terrorist attacks by the Red Brigades caused a reversal in the result of the previous election three years before: for the first time the Italian Communist Party lost significant numbers of seats, delaying the government change that had seemed imminent in 1976. The Communist defeat gave a new strength to all the minor parties, as concentrating the vote on the Christian Democracy Party seemed less necessary to prevent a communist victory. The Christian Democrats remained stable nonetheless, while the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement was weakened by the success of its spin-off National Democracy.


1979 Italian general election, Electoral system
The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.


1979 Italian general election, Electoral system
For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had risen to 315 members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected, a goal which could be reached only by the German minorities in South Tirol. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected.


1979 Italian general election, Historical background
On 16 July 1976, Bettino Craxi was elected to the vacant Italian Socialist Party chairman position, ending years of factional fighting within the party. Ironically, the "old guard" saw him as short-lived leader, allowing each faction time to regroup. However, he was able to hold on to power and implement his policies. In particular, he sought and managed to distance his party away from the communists bringing it into an alliance with Christian Democracy and other centrist parties, but maintaining a leftist and reformist profile.


1979 Italian general election, Historical background
On 16 March 1978, former Prime Minister and Christian Democratic leader Aldo Moro was kidnapped by the Red Brigades, and five of his bodyguards killed. The Red Brigades were a militant leftist group, then led by Mario Moretti. Aldo Moro was a left-leaning Christian Democrat who served several times as Prime Minister. Before his murder he was trying to include the Italian Communist Party (PCI), headed by Enrico Berlinguer, in the government through a deal called the Historic Compromise. The PCI was the largest communist party in western Europe.


1979 Italian general election, Historical background
This was largely because of its non-extremist and pragmatic stance, its growing independence from Moscow and its eurocommunist doctrine. The PCI was especially strong in areas such as Emilia Romagna, where it had stable government positions and mature practical experience, which may have contributed to a more pragmatic approach to politics. The Red Brigades were fiercely opposed by the Communist Party and trade unions, a few left-wing politicians even used the condescending expression "comrades who do wrong" (Compagni che sbagliano). The circumstances surrounding Aldo Moro's murder have never been made clear, but the consequences included the fact that PCI did not gain executive power.


1979 Italian general election, Historical background
Investigative journalist Carmine Pecorelli was assassinated on March 20, 1979. In a May 1978 article, he had drawn connections between Aldo Moro's kidnapping and Gladio.


1979 Italian general election, Historical background
In the period of terror attacks of the late 1970s and early 1980s, the parliamentary majority was composed by the parties of the "Arco costituzionale", i.e. all parties supporting the Constitution, including the Communists (who in fact took a very strong stance against the Red Brigades and other terrorist groups). However, the Communists never took part in the Government itself, which was composed by the "Pentapartito" (Christian Democrats, Socialists, Social Democrats, Liberals, Republicans).


1979 Italian general election, Results
Even this eighth legislature of the Italian Republic was a period of great instability.


1979 Italian general election, Results
After the election, the Christian-Democratic leadership instructed moderate Francesco Cossiga to form a centrist minority government with the PSDI and the PLI, which accepted an official engagement into the government for the first time since 1973; however, when in 1980 Benigno Zaccagnini was fired as Secretary of the DC and socialist leader Bettino Craxi offered his help, Cossiga suddenly resigned and formed a new centre-left government with the PSI and the PRI, underling that the Catholic leaders had no more problems to choose their allies from anywhere. However, Cossiga later fell on a budget project, and a traditional centre-left government led by Arnaldo Forlani was formed. The great scandal of the masonic lodge P2 sank Forlani in 1981.


1979 Italian general election, Results
This deep political crisis marked the birth of a new political formula which ruled Italy during the 80's: the Pentapartito (or five parties), which was no more than the fusion of the two main alliances that DC had used to rule Italy since 1947, the centrism and the centre-left. This formula became possible because Bettino Craxi's Italian Socialist Party and Valerio Zanone's Italian Liberal Party accepted to form their first republican government together, moderating their positions and passing the opposition that had always divided them.


1979 Italian general election, Results
But the Pentapartito pact had another important condition: the DC accepted to recognize a pair role with the other four parties, alternating into the government leadership. The Secretary of the Italian Republican Party, Giovanni Spadolini, so became the first non-DC Prime Minister of Italy since 1945. However, his little party was unable to stop the quarrels between their great allies, and after a little crisis during summer 1982, Spadolini resigned in autumn of the same year. Former-PM Amintore Fanfani formed a new government without the offended republicans, but the PSI, which had good surveys, imposed the final crisis in 1983 and a new general election.


1979 Italian general election in Veneto
The Italian general election of 1979 took place on 3 June 1979.


1979 Italian general election in Veneto
In Veneto Christian Democracy was, as usual, the largest party and obtained the majority of valid votes with 50.1% for the last time.


1979 JSL Cup, Overview
It was contested by 20 teams, and Yomiuri won the championship.


1979 JSL Cup Final
1979 JSL Cup Final was the 4th final of the JSL Cup competition. The final was played at Osaka Nagai Stadium in Osaka on July 29, 1979. Yomiuri won the championship.


1979 JSL Cup Final, Overview
Yomiuri won their 1st title, by defeating Furukawa Electric 3–2.


1979 Jack Kramer Open
The 1979 Jack Kramer Open, also known as the Pacific Southwest Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The event was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 53rd edition of the Pacific Southwest tournament and was held from September 17 through September 23, 1979.


1979 Jack Kramer Open
Tournament director Jack Kramer underwrote the tournament after ARCO ended their sponsorship of the event. Eight-seeded Peter Fleming won the singles title after defeating his doubles partner and first-seed John McEnroe in the final and earned $28,000 first-prize money.


1979 Jack Kramer Open, Finals, Doubles
Marty Riessen /  Sherwood Stewart defeated  Wojciech Fibak /  Frew McMillan 6–4, 6–4


1979 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1979 Japan Open Tennis Championships, also known by its sponsorship name Hit-Union Japan Open Tennis Championships, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the Colgate Series and the Volvo Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was held from 22 October through 28 October 1979. Terry Moor (ninth-seeded) and Betsy Nagelsen won the singles titles.


1979 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Colin Dibley /  Pat Du Pré defeated  Rod Frawley /  Francisco González 3–6, 6–1, 6–1


1979 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Betsy Nagelsen /  Penny Johnson defeated  Yu Li-Chiao /  Chen Chuan 3–6, 6–4, 7–5


1979 Japan Series
The 1979 Japan Series  was the 30th edition of Nippon Professional Baseball's postseason championship series. It matched the Central League champion Hiroshima Carp against the Pacific League champion Kintetsu Buffaloes. The Carp defeated the Buffaloes for their first Japan Series championship in team history.


1979 Japan Soccer League, Second Division, Promotion/Relegation Series
No relegations. Due to withdrawal of Yanmar Club, Yanmar Diesel's B-squad, Daikyo was promoted.


1979 Japan national football team
This page records the details of the Japan national football team in 1979.


1979 Japanese Super Cup
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:22, 8 January 2020 (→top: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1×);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1979 Japanese Super Cup
1979 Japanese Super Cup was the Japanese Super Cup competition. The match was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on April 8, 1979. Mitsubishi Motors won the championship.


1979 Japanese general election
General elections were held in Japan on 7 October 1979 to elect the 511 members of the House of Representatives. Prime Minister Ōhira Masayoshi's announcement that a consumption (sales) tax would be imposed was a hot-button issue in the run-up to the election. Facing widespread public disapproval, the prime minister abandoned the tax proposal. The prime minister's party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), ended up losing one seat, while the Japan Communist Party experienced a surge in voter support, which mostly came at the expense of the Japan Socialist Party and the LDP-breakaway New Liberal Club.


1979 Japanese general election
This was the first election in the LDP's history in which the party increased its share of the popular vote compared to the previous election.


1979 John Player League
The 1979 John Player League was the eleventh competing of what was generally known as the Sunday League. The competition was won for the first time by Somerset County Cricket Club.


1979 KFK competitions (Ukraine)
The 1979 KFK competitions in Ukraine were part of the 1979 Soviet KFK competitions that were conducted in the Soviet Union. It was 15th season of the KFK in Ukraine since its introduction in 1964. The winner eventually qualified to the 1980 Soviet Second League.


1979 Kaduna State gubernatorial election
The 1979 Kaduna State gubernatorial election occurred on July 28, 1979. PRP's Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa won election for a first term to become Kaduna State's first executive governor leading by 45.14%, defeating NPN's Lawal Kaita who got 44.42% and the GNPP candidate with 10.44%, in the contest.


1979 Kaduna State gubernatorial election
Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa emerged the PRP flag bearer in the primary election. His running mate was Abba Musa Rimi.


1979 Kaduna State gubernatorial election, Electoral system
The Governor of Kaduna State is elected using the plurality voting system.


1979 Kaduna State gubernatorial election, Results
Three of the five political parties registered by the Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) participated in the election. Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa of the PRP won the contest by polling 45.14% of the votes, and was closely followed NPN's candidate, Lawal Kaita. There were 3,420,839 registered electorates. The total votes cast was 1,241,437.