1978 Wyoming state elections, Auditor
Incumbent Republican State Auditor Jim Griffith ran for re-election to a second term. He faced no opposition in the Republican primary and no Democratic candidate initially filed against him. But Jim Polis, a bank examiner in the State Examiner's office, received enough write-in votes to receive his party's nomination, which he accepted. However, Polis did not present significant challenge to Griffith, who won re-election by a lopsided margin.


1978 Wyoming state elections, Auditor, Democratic primary
No Democratic candidates filed for State Auditor. However, Jim Polis, a bank examiner at the State Examiner's office, received 329 write-in votes and was offered the nomination, which he accepted.


1978 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer
Incumbent Republican State Treasurer Ed Witzenburger was unable to seek re-election due to term limits and instead opted to run for Congress, ultimately losing to Dick Cheney in the Republican primary. In the Republican primary, Deputy Treasurer Shirley Wittler won a narrow victory over Craig L. Thomas. In the general election, she faced former State Representative Bob Adams, a perennial candidate for statewide office. She defeated Adams in a landslide, becoming only the second woman, after Minnie A. Mitchell, to serve as State Treasurer.


1978 Wyoming state elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction
Incumbent Republican Superintendent of Public Instruction Robert G. Schrader ran for re-election to a third term. He faced a strong challenge in the Republican primary from Converse County Superintendent of Schools Millard I. Meredith. Though Schrader defeated Meredith, he did so by a relatively close margin. In the Democratic primary, meanwhile, Lynn Simons, the former Chairwoman of the Wyoming Board of Education, defeated Sydney Spiegel, a history teacher who ran as the 1974 Democratic nominee for Superintendent. Simons ultimately defeated Schrader by a slim margin, receiving the highest percentage of vote of any statewide Democratic candidate.


1978 XIV FIBA International Christmas Tournament
The 1978 XIV FIBA International Christmas Tournament "Trofeo Raimundo Saporta" was the 14th edition of the FIBA International Christmas Tournament. It took place at Sports City of Real Madrid Pavilion, Madrid, Spain, on 24, 25 and 26 December 1978 with the participations of Real Madrid (champions of the 1977–78 FIBA European Champions Cup), Joventut Freixenet (champions of the 1977–78 Liga Española de Baloncesto), Czechoslovakia and Obras Sanitarias.


1978 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1978 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bulldogs were led by 14th-year head coach Carmen Cozza, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished in third place in the Ivy League with a 4–1–2 record, 5–2–2 overall.


1978 Yugoslavian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1978 Yugoslavian motorcycle Grand Prix was the thirteenth and final round of the 1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 17 September 1978 at the Staza Grobnik Rijeka.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Yugoslavia between 10 March and 10 May 1978 through a complicated delegate system which selected delegates to local, republic, and federal assemblies.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Background
The elections were the second held under the new constitution adopted on 31 January 1974. It provided for a bicameral Assembly with a 220-member Federal Chamber and an 88-member Chamber of Republics and Provinces.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Electoral system
The members of the Federal Chamber represented three groups; self-managing organisations, communities and socio-political organisations. Thirty members were elected from each of the six republics and 20 from the two autonomous provinces, Kosovo and Vojvodina.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Electoral system
In March, voters elected representatives of basic labour organisations. These in turn elected the Communal Assemblies in early April. The Communal Assemblies then elected the members of the Federal Chamber.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Electoral system
The members of the Chamber of Republics were elected by the Assemblies of the six republics and provinces, with each republic electing 12 members and Kosovo and Vojvodina electing eight each. Members were elected in a period ending on 10 May.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Electoral system, Republic and provincial assemblies convened, April
In April and May inaugural sessions of all three chambers of the republics' and provinces' assemblies convened for the first time and elected the presidents of all their bodies.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Electoral system, Assembly convened, 15 May
On 15 May a joint session of both chambers of the Assembly convened for the first time and elected the presidents of all the bodies.


1978 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Electoral system, Federal Executive Council elected, 17 May
On 16 May a new Federal Executive Council was elected with Veselin Đuranović serving as its President.


1978 Yukon general election
The 1978 Yukon general election was held on November 20, 1978, was the first conventional legislative election in the history of Canada's Yukon Territory. Prior elections were held to elect representatives to the 24th Yukon Territorial Council, a non-partisan body that acted in an advisory role to the Commissioner of the Yukon. Following the passage of the Yukon Elections Act in 1977, the 1978 election was the first time that voters in the Yukon elected representatives to the Yukon Legislative Assembly in an election organized along political party lines.


1978 Yukon general election
Hilda Watson, the first woman ever to lead a political party into an election in Canada, was the leader of the Progressive Conservatives. Although the party won the election, Watson herself was defeated in Kluane by Liberal candidate Alice McGuire, and thus did not become government leader. The position of government leader instead went to Chris Pearson.


1978 Yukon general election
New Democratic leader Fred Berger was also defeated in his own riding. He remained leader of the party until 1981, when he was succeeded by the party's sole elected MLA, Tony Penikett. Under Penikett's leadership, an MLA who had been elected as an independent in 1978 joined the NDP, and the party won a by-election. With its caucus increased to three members, the NDP had thus supplanted the Liberals as the official opposition by the time of the 1982 election.


1978 Yukon general election, Incumbents not Running for Reelection
The following MLAs had announced that they would not be running in the 1978 election:


1978 Yukon general election, Results by Riding
Bold indicates party leaders† - denotes a retiring incumbent MLA


1978 Yukon general election, Aftermath
After the election, four of the elected members in the Progressive Conservative Party, including Chris Pearson, were added to the Executive Committee headed by Commissioner Art Pearson. In October 1979, at the instruction of Jake Epp, Federal Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, the Commissioner withdrew from direct government administration; Chris Pearson became Government Leader (equal to Premier), added a fifth member of the PC Party caucus, and formed the Executive Council of Yukon, thus beginning responsible government with an elected head of government in The Yukon. Art Pearson would later resign as Commissioner after pleading guilty to charges related to improper mining claim transfers and was replaced with Frank Fingland.


1978 Zambian general election
General elections were held in Zambia on 12 December 1978. At the time, the country was a one-party state with the United National Independence Party (UNIP) as the sole legal party. UNIP leader Kenneth Kaunda was automatically elected to a fourth five-year term as President, with 80.7% of voters voting to confirm him in office. UNIP also won all 125 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was around 65% in the parliamentary election, but 66.7% in the presidential election.


1978 Zambian general election, Campaign
Prior to the elections, primary elections were held to elect candidates for the 125 constituencies. Only UNIP members could vote in the primaries, and the top three candidates would be able to stand for the National Assembly election. However, 30 candidates who had won primaries, including six sitting MPs, were vetoed by the party's central committee. In total, 732 people stood for election to the National Assembly. In six constituencies (in which there were 87,482 registered voters) there was only one candidate, who was returned unopposed.


1978 Zambian general election, Results, President
Kaunda was the sole candidate for president, and voters voted yes or no to his candidacy.


1978 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Afghanistan.


1978 in Afghanistan, April 27, 1978
A bloody coup devised  Hafizullah Amin, a U.S.-educated Khalq leader who, before his impending arrest, contacted party members in the armed forces - the PDPA overthrows Daud Khan's government. Daud Khan and most of his family are killed. Daud dies in Kabul together with the country's vice-president, leading ministers, and the commander of the armed forces, all of whom reportedly tried to resist the takeover. The fighting continues into the following day. On April 30 a Revolutionary Council headed by Taraki assumes control of the government. Amin becomes Foreign Minister. The country is renamed the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Although Taraki professes a non-aligned policy, there are signs that he is leaning heavily on the Soviet Union for economic aid and advice.


1978 in Afghanistan, June 1978
Taraki attempts to purge the ruling PDPA of prominent leaders of the Parcham wing of the party. Some are sent abroad as ambassadors, including Deputy Prime Minister Babrak Karmal, who is appointed ambassador to Czechoslovakia.


1978 in Afghanistan, July 1978
Taraki's reform program - which threatened to undermine basic Afghan cultural patterns - and political repression having antagonized large segments of the population, the first major uprising occurs in Nurestan. Other revolts, largely uncoordinated, spread throughout all of Afghanistan's provinces, and periodic explosions rock Kabul and other major cities.


1978 in Afghanistan, August 17, 1978
It is announced that the Defense Minister, Gen. Abdul Qadir, one of the coup leaders, has been arrested after the discovery of an alleged plot to overthrow the government. Qadir also belonged to the Parcham faction.


1978 in Afghanistan, December 5, 1978
After two days of talks in Moscow, Taraki and Brezhnev sign a treaty called the Soviet-Afghan Friendship treaty, which commits their countries to a 20-year treaty of friendship and cooperation. Among other things, both nations pledge to continue "to develop cooperation in the military field on the basis of appropriate agreements." Article 4 of the treaty justified Soviet intervention in the case of outside armed invasion, and this article was used by Soviets in 1979 to justify their invasion of the country. Taraki says Afghanistan will remain officially non-aligned. However, most political observers believe that Taraki's favourable view of Marxism signifies much more than a mere continuation of Afghanistan's traditional economic ties with its powerful Soviet neighbour to the north.


1978 in American soccer
The 1977 season was the 66th season of competitive soccer in the United States.


1978 in American television
This is a list of American television-related events in 1978.


1978 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Australia.


1978 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1978.


1978 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1978 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1978 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1978 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1978 in Australian soccer
The 1978 season was the ninth season of competitive association football in Australia.


1978 in Australian television
This article is a summary of 1978 in Australian television.


1978 in Bangladesh
1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1978th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 978th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 78th  year of the 20th century, and the  9th   year of the 1970s decade.


1978 in Bangladesh
The year 1978 was the 7th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the second year of the Government of Ziaur Rahman.


1978 in Bangladesh, Economy
Note: For the year 1978 average official exchange rate for BDT was 15.02 per US$.


1978 in Belgian television
This is a list of Belgian television related events from 1978.


1978 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1978 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 77th season of competitive football in the country.


1978 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Guarani declared as the Campeonato Brasileiro champions by aggregate score of 2-0.


1978 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1978.


1978 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1978.


1978 in British music
This is a summary of 1978 in music in the United Kingdom.


1978 in British music, Year-end charts
The tables below include sales between 31 December 1977 and 30 December 1978: the year-end charts reproduced in the issue of Music Week dated 23 December 1978 and played on Radio 1 on 31 December 1978 only include sales figures up until 16 December 1978.


1978 in British radio
This is a list of events in British radio during 1978.


1978 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1978.


1978 in Cambodia
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Cambodia.


1978 in Canadian television
The following is a list of events affecting Canadian television in 1978. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches.


1978 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Cape Verde.


1978 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Chile.


1978 in China
Events in the year 1978 in the People's Republic of China.


1978 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 1978.


1978 in Croatian television, Deaths
This Croatian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1978 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1978.


1978 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1978.


1978 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1978 in Estonia.


1978 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1978.


1978 in French television
This is a list of French television related events from 1978.


1978 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 1978.


1978 in Greece
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Greece.


1978 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1978 in Iceland.


1978 in India
Events in the year 1978 in the Republic of India.


1978 in Irish television
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 1978.


1978 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1978 include:


1978 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1978 include:


1978 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1978 include:


1978 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1978.


1978 in Italian television, Events, Private channels
In 1978 the Italian private televisions, overcome the number of 400 and begin to be a serious threat to the RAI monopoly, also if they are again limited to the local scope and their programming remains, with some exception, low quality (sexy shows, old movies in bad copies, infomercials).


1978 in Italian television, Television shows, Miniseries
Among the foreign miniseries, the hits of the year are Ingmar Bergman’s Scenes from a marriage (for the critics) and Roots (for the public).


1978 in Japan
Events in the year 1978 in Japan. It corresponds to Shōwa 53 (昭和53年) in the Japanese calendar.


1978 in LGBT rights
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 1978.


1978 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Laos.


1978 in Libya
The following lists events that happened in 1978 in Libya.


1978 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


1978 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1978, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians.


1978 in Michigan
The Associated Press (AP) rated the top Michigan news stories of 1978 as follows:


1978 in Michigan
The AP also selected the state's top sports stories as follows:


1978 in Michigan, Population
In the 1970 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 8,875,083 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1980, the state's population had grown 4.4% to 9,262,078 persons.


1978 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 70,000 based on 1970 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1960 and 1980 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1978 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 120,000 based on 1970 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1960 and 1980 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1978 in Michigan, Music
Albums and singles by Michigan artists or centered on Michigan topics that were released or became hits in 1978 include the following:


1978 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in New Zealand.


1978 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Radio and television
See : 1978 in New Zealand television, 1978 in television, List of TVNZ television programming, Category:Television in New Zealand, Category:New Zealand television shows, Public broadcasting in New Zealand


1978 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1978 film awards, 1978 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1978 films


1978 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1978 in Norwegian music.


1978 in Portugal, Culture
Portugal participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978 with Gemini and the song "Dai li dou".


1978 in Portugal, Sports
In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1977–78 Primeira Divisão and 1978–79 Primeira Divisão.


1978 in Rhodesia
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Rhodesia.


1978 in Rhodesia, Deaths
This Zimbabwean history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1978 in Rhodesia, Deaths
This year in Africa article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1978 in Scottish television
This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1978.


1978 in Singapore
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Singapore.


1978 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in South Africa.


1978 in Swedish football
The 1978 season in Swedish football, starting April 1978 and ending November 1978:


1978 in Taiwan
Events in the year 1978 in Taiwan. This year is numbered Minguo 67 according to the official Republic of China calendar.


1978 in Thailand
The year 1978 was the 197th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 33rd year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2521 in the Buddhist Era.


1978 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1978 to Wales and its people.


1978 in Zaire
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in Zaire.


1978 in Zaire, Sources
This year in Africa article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1978 in architecture
The year 1978 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1978 in association football
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1978 throughout the world.


1978 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1978  throughout the world.


1978 in basketball
The following are the basketball events of the year 1978  throughout the world.


1978 in comics
Notable events of 1978 in comics. See also List of years in comics. This is a list of comics-related events in 1978.


1978 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1978.


1978 in country music, Top new album releases
1 A collection of Crystal Gayle's earliest recordings from the early 1970s.


1978 in film, Highest-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1978 released films by box office gross in the United States and Canada are as follows:


1978 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
The year 1978 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.


1978 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 1978. For video games, see 1978 in video gaming.


1978 in heavy metal music
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal in the year 1978.


1978 in home video, Film releases
The following films were released on video on the following dates:


1978 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1978.


1978 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1978.


1978 in motoring
1978 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry that occurred in 1978, listed by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles.


1978 in motoring, United Kingdom
Vauxhall introduced a new top-of-the-range saloon and estate that was directed at buyers of the Ford Granada and Rover SD1. The Carlton was a rear-wheel drive executive car that replaces the VX1800/VX2000 and offered a more modern and attractive package with more refinements. It was built in Germany alongside the identical Opel Rekord.


1978 in motoring, United Kingdom
Chrysler's financially troubled European division bolstered its chances of survival with the launch of a five-door front-wheel drive hatchback, the Horizon, which was the first car of its kind to be built in Britain, similar in concept to the Volkswagen Golf launched in West Germany four years earlier. It gave buyers a modern alternative to the ageing rear-wheel drive Avenger saloons and estates, which continued in production despite falling directly into the category of cars that the Horizon might be expected to replace. This meant that the carmaker was in the unusual position of offering rear-wheel drive saloons and estates as well as a front-wheel drive hatchback at the same time.


1978 in motoring, France
While the British Ryton plant welcomed the Talbot Horizon, Chrysler's French plant at Poissy produced the Simca Horizon. Aside the badge, the French version was identical to the British version. For French buyers, it replaced the ageing Simca 1100 - although that smaller and more obsolete car continued in production.


1978 in motoring, France
The Chrysler/Simca Horizon was European Car of the Year for 1979.


1978 in motoring, France
Renault expandeded its range with the launch of the R18 saloon and estates. It replaced the smaller R12 saloon as well as some versions of the ageing R16 hatchback, which was partially replaced by the R20/R30 in 1975. The R18 shared much of its mechanical design with the smaller R14 hatchback. The R16 would be axed the following year, while the R12 would continue until 1980. It offered front-wheel drive in a market where rear-wheel drive cars like the Ford Cortina/Taunus and Vauxhall Cavalier/Opel Ascona still led the way in terms of sales.


1978 in motoring, France
Peugeot launched the first of its "05" generation of cars. The 305 was a stylish range of medium-sized saloons and estates which replaced the 304, although that car remained in production for another two years.


1978 in motoring, France
1978 was the 2CV's 30th year of production but the makers launched a more modern and practical small car to give buyers more choice. The Visa was visually in keeping with Citroen's individuality, but underneath it was mostly made up of Peugeot components. Most importantly, it gave buyers the advantage of four doors and a hatchback within a compact package - something that most other carmakers did not have, as most cars in this sector at the time were available only as three-door hatchbacks.


1978 in motoring, Germany
Six years after its launch, the Audi 80 underwent its first facelift. The front end saw the most changes, but otherwise it was recognisable as the solid four-door saloon which had bolstered Audi's fortunes in past years.


1978 in motoring, Germany
Volkswagen finished European production of the Beetle although production continued in Mexico and Brazil. European buyers were still able to buy Beetles, but new models such as the Polo and Golf became the brand's market leaders.


1978 in motoring, Germany
Opel launched a new version of its Rekord range-topper, which was built in West Germany and built alongside Britain-bound models that were sold as the Vauxhall Carlton.


1978 in motoring, Italy
The most controversially styled car of 1978 was possibly the Fiat Ritmo hatchback (Strada in the UK). It ran along the 128 saloon, using much of that model's front-wheel drive running gear. The car would soon be famous for a series of adverts featuring robots on its production line with the slogan "Handbuilt By Robots".


1978 in motoring, Poland
Nine years after launching the Fiat 125-based 125p (sold in Britain since 1975 as the Polski Fiat), FSO expanded its range with the launch of the Polonez, which made use of the same engines and running gear as the original Polski Fiat.


1978 in motoring, Japan
Nissan built on the success of its Datsun badged vehicles in Europe with the launch of updated versions of the entry-level Cherry and larger Sunny.


1978 in motoring, Soviet union
Lada launched the Niva four-wheel drive model becoming a two-model manufacturer a decade after the launch of its Fiat based saloon and estates. The Niva, however, is Lada's own design and was developed partly for military use but became popular with buyers looking for a cheap model with four-wheel-drive ability.


1978 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1978 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1978 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1978 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1978


1978 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1978.


1978 in music, Chronological table of US and UK number one hit singles
US number one singles and artist  (weeks at number one)


1978 in music, Chronological table of US and UK number one hit singles
UK number one singles and artist  (weeks at number one)


1978 in paleontology
Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised faeces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred in the year 1978.


1978 in paleontology, Invertebrates
Maurits Lindström, described the earliest known octocoral in Sweden shifting the first known appearance from the Cretaceous to the Ordovician.


1978 in paleontology, Birds
An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.


1978 in paleontology, Birds
A Phasianidae. The taxonomic status of this species should be reevaluated. There is no evidence, that it belongs to the genus Gallus Brisson.


1978 in paleontology, Birds
A Phalacrocoracidae, transferred to the genus Nectornis Cheneval, 1984 by Mlíkovský, 1998.


1978 in paleontology, Birds
A Recurvirostridae, most unlikely it is a Recurvirostra or even a Recurvirostridae.


1978 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1978 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1978 in poetry, Works in other languages
Listed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1978 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1978 in professional wrestling
1978 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1978 in radio
The year 1978 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting.


1978 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1978.


1978 in science
The year 1978 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1978 in spaceflight
1978 saw the launch of the Pioneer Venus missions launched by the United States, on 20 May and 8 August. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe landed four spacecraft on the planet, one of which transmitted data for 67 minutes before being destroyed by atmospheric pressure. ISEE-C, which was launched on 8 December, flew past comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner in 1985, and Halley's Comet in 1986.


1978 in sports
1978 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1978 in the Philippines
1978 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1978.


1978 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1978 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


1978 in the United Arab Emirates
Events from the year 1978 in the United Arab Emirates.


1978 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1978. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


1978 in video games
1978 saw the release of several new video games such as Space Invaders. The year is considered the beginning of the golden age of arcade video games.


1978 in video games, Highest-grossing arcade games
Space Invaders was the top-grossing video game worldwide in 1978. The following table lists the top-grossing arcade games of 1978 in Japan, the United Kingdom, United States, and worldwide.


1978 in video games, Highest-grossing arcade games, Japan
In Japan, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1978, according to the third annual Game Machine chart, which lists both arcade video games and electro-mechanical games (EM games) on the same arcade game chart. Taito's Space Invaders was the first video game to become highest-grossing overall arcade game on the annual Game Machine charts, after the two previous charts were topped by an EM game, F-1 by Namco.


1978 in video games, Highest-grossing arcade games, Japan
The following titles were the highest-grossing games on each Game Machine arcade chart. Nintendo's EVR Race was the highest-grossing medal game for the third year in a row.


1978 in video games, Highest-grossing arcade games, United States
In the United States, the following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade video games of 1978, in terms of coin drop earnings according to the annual Play Meter and RePlay charts.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills
The 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills was one of the most brutal acts of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's regime in Pakistan. Paramilitary forces opened fire on striking workers, resulting in 22-133 killed and many injured.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Background
In 1977, the Zulfikar Ali Bhutto regime was overthrown by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, which unleashed new attacks on the working class and trade unions. The military dictatorship crushed left-wing activists and trade unionists and oppressed different layers of society. Violent events from mass killings of workers to genocide of peasants and youth engulfed the country. Zia implemented policies friendly to industrialists, which saw forceful imprisonment of workers, a ban on trade unions, low wages and contract labour. Nationalized industries were given back to industrialists with hefty compensation and capitalists took revenge on workers in the form of brutal repression.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Background
Colony Textile Mills was established as a textile manufacturing unit in 1946 under Colony Group. Colony Group was founded by Mohammad Ismaeel and was divided into three divisions headed by Farooq A Shaikh, Naseer A Shaikh and Mughis A Shaikh. Colony Textile Mills was headed by the latter. It was initially established at Faisalabad but, due to competition with Delhi Cloth & General Mills of Sir Shri Ram, it shifted to Multan in the 1940s.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Background
During the 1970s, the owners of Colony Group were in the top seven industrialist families among 22 industrialist families who owned 66% of the total industrial assets, 70% of insurance and 80% of banking. This group also owned shares in newspapers and became active in politics as well. One of the division leaders, Naseer A Shaikh, was on the board of the Civil and Military Gazette and Nawa-i-Waqt while another, Farooq A Shaikh, contested elections for the national assembly in 1970. The third, Mughis A Shaikh, had a good relationship with Zia-ul-Haq, since he was a Corps Commander in Multan.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Events, Strike
In 1978, Colony Textile Mills was one of the most profitable factories in Pakistan, and it employed more than 5000 workers. When workers learned that the factory had made profits, they argued that they were owed a bonus under the Labour Policy of 1972, which extended the scope of the labour laws and entitled workers to increased profit-sharing and a statutory bonus. However, the owner refused to pay the bonus. The Workers' Union furnished a strike notice to management. On the morning of 29 December 1977, workers went on complete shutdown of the factory through their peaceful strike. According to a January 3 1978 newspaper report: "Workers were demanding a three months' bonus along with one month's recreational allowance."


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Events, Strike
The mill administration agreed to pay a two months' bonus at the end of January, but workers rejected the offer and stopped working on 29 December 1977.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Events, Massacre
On 2 January 1978, the daughter of mill owner Shaikh was getting married. The dowry of the bride was ten times higher than the bonus owed to the workers. Zia-ul-Haq was invited to attend. A rumor spread that strikers were going to attack the wedding ceremony. Zia-ul-Haq ordered the state paramilitary force to shoot workers and crush their movement. A participant of this struggle, Lal Khan, recounted the incident in his book:


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Events, Massacre
The paramilitaries started firing directly at the workers who were gathering for a peaceful gate meeting. In a scene of indescribable horror workers screamed and stampeded over the bloodstained corpses of their workmates, crushing many others as they desperately tried to evade the carnage. Blood was everywhere, streaming from the bodies of the workers whose only crime was to ask for their basic rights. The firing continued uninterrupted for three hours. By six-o'clock in the evening, when darkness had set in, the state forces had 'conquered' the textile mill workers.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Events, Massacre
In the factory compound and lawns the state forces had prevented the bodies of the injured from being taken to hospital. Those who tried to pick them up were hampered by the police. Dozens had died on the spot. Several injured had died due to excessive loss of blood because they were prevented from being rushed for medical treatment. In the darkness of the night the state forces, without differentiating between the dead and the injured, brought up trucks and threw the bodies into them.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Events, Massacre
Some were thrown in the huge factory gutter, while others were buried without coffins in the nearby village of Bagasher. In spite of the terror of this ruthless state, hundreds of workers and students (including the author) kept on taking the injured to the hospitals and tried to save the lives of as many workers as possible. Later on an effort was made to remove the bodies of the workers from the gutter and place them elsewhere, in order to arrange for their proper burial with their comrades and relatives present.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Events, Massacre
While official and press reports stated that some 13 to 22 people were killed, unofficial estimates put the total number as high as 150–200. Similarly, the Workers Action Committee estimated 133 killed and more than 400 injured.


1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills, Aftermath
After this massacre, the Workers Action Committee emerged and led mass protests against this incident. This sparked a nationwide protest and a No work day was observed by trade unions across Pakistan on 9 and 10 January 1978. Prominent politicians like Nusrat Bhutto, Wali Khan, Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan and others strongly condemned the military regime. On 4 January 1978, the Martial Law administrator of Multan ordered an inquiry. S.H.O Raja Khizer Hayat and police constable Hakim Ali were arrested and tried in a military court. Compensation of Rs 10,000 was provided to the killed workers' heirs by the owner of the mill. Prominent leaders of the Workers Action Committee also were arrested and prosecuted.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
The 1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom resulted in the death of Janet Parker, a British medical photographer, who became the last recorded person to die from smallpox. Her illness and death, which was connected to the deaths of two other people, led to the Shooter Inquiry, an official investigation by government-appointed experts triggering radical changes in how dangerous pathogens were studied in the UK.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
The Shooter Inquiry found that Parker was accidentally exposed to a strain of smallpox virus that had been grown in a research laboratory on the floor below her workplace at the University of Birmingham Medical School. Shooter concluded that the mode of transmission was most likely airborne through a poorly maintained service duct between the two floors. However, this assertion has been subsequently challenged, including when the University of Birmingham was acquitted following a prosecution for breach of Health and Safety legislation connected with Parker’s death.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
Several internationally recognised experts produced evidence during the prosecution to show that it was unlikely that Parker was infected by airborne transmission in this way. Although there is general agreement that the source of Parker’s infection was the smallpox virus grown at the Medical School laboratory, how Parker contracted the disease remains unknown.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Background, Smallpox research at the Birmingham Medical School
Smallpox is an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. The World Health Organization (WHO) had established a smallpox eradication programme and, by 1978, was close to declaring that the disease had been eradicated globally. The last naturally occurring infection was of Variola minor in Somalia in 1977.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Background, Smallpox research at the Birmingham Medical School
At the time of the 1978 outbreak, a laboratory at University of Birmingham Medical School had been conducting research on variants of smallpox virus known as "whitepox viruses", which were considered to be a threat to the success of the WHO's eradication programme. The laboratory was part of the Microbiology Department, the head of which was virologist Henry Bedson, son of Sir Samuel Phillips Bedson.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Background, Smallpox research at the Birmingham Medical School
A smallpox outbreak in the area had occurred in 1966, when Tony McLennan, a medical photographer working at the medical school, contracted the disease. He had a mild form of the disease, which was not diagnosed for eight weeks. He was not quarantined and there were at least twelve further cases in the West Midlands, five of whom were quarantined in Witton Isolation Hospital in Birmingham. There are no records of any formal enquiries on the source of this outbreak despite concerns expressed by the then head of the laboratory, Peter Wildy.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Background, Smallpox research at the Birmingham Medical School
In 1977, the World Health Organization (WHO) had told Henry Bedson that his application for his laboratory to become a Smallpox Collaborating Centre had been rejected. This was partly because of safety concerns; the WHO wanted as few laboratories as possible handling the virus.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Background, Janet Parker
Parker was born in March 1938, and was the only daughter of Frederick and Hilda Witcomb (née Linscott). She was married to Joseph Parker, a Post Office engineer, and lived in Burford Park Road, Kings Norton, Birmingham, UK. After several years as a police photographer she joined the University of Birmingham Medical School, where she was employed as a medical photographer in the Anatomy Department. Parker often worked in a darkroom above the laboratory where research on smallpox viruses was being conducted.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Parker’s illness and death
On 11 August 1978, Parker (who had been vaccinated against smallpox in 1966, but not since) fell ill; she had a headache and pains in her muscles. She developed spots that were thought to be a benign rash, or chickenpox. On 20 August at 3 pm, she was admitted to East Birmingham (now Heartlands) Hospital and a clinical diagnosis of Variola major, the most serious type of smallpox, was made by consultant Alasdair Geddes.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Parker’s illness and death
By this time the rash had spread and covered all Parker's body, including the palms of her hands and soles of her feet, and it was confluent on her face. At 10 pm she was on her way to Catherine-de-Barnes Isolation Hospital near Solihull. By 11 pm all her close contacts, including her parents, were placed in quarantine. Her parents were later also transferred to Catherine-de-Barnes. The next day, poxvirus infection was confirmed by Henry Bedson, then Head of the Smallpox laboratory at the Medical School, by electron microscopy of vesicle fluid, which Geddes had sampled from Parker’s rash. (Samples of the fluid were also collected by a biomedical scientist for examination at the Regional Virus Laboratory, which was in East Birmingham Hospital). Parker died of smallpox at Catherine-de-Barnes on 11 September 1978. She was the last recorded person to die from smallpox.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Parker’s illness and death
Special disease control measures had to be put into place for Parker's funeral. Ron Fleet from Sheldon, who at the time of Parker's death worked for Solihull funeral director Bastocks and later for the BBC at Pebble Mill, recalled that he was told that authorities would not allow the body to be stored in a fridge in case the virus managed to multiply:


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Parker’s illness and death
I was expecting to retrieve the body from a fridge in the mortuary, but... it was stored in a body bag that was kept on the floor of a garage away from the main hospital building. She was in a transparent body bag packed with wood shavings and sawdust. There was also some kind of liquid and I remember that I was frightened that the bag would split open. The body was covered in sores and scars – it was quite horrific. I was on my own and I needed help to lift the body...


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Parker’s illness and death
but I managed to get her into the van. People from the hospital were very wary of helping me... When the day of the funeral arrived, the cars were given an escort by unmarked police vehicles just in case there was an accident... The body had to be cremated because there was a chance the virus could have thrived in the ground if Mrs Parker had been buried. All other funerals were cancelled that day and the Robin Hood Crematorium was thoroughly cleaned afterwards.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Quarantine and containment
Many people had close contact with Parker before she was admitted to hospital. The outbreak prevention response included 260 people being immediately quarantined, several of them at Catherine-de-Barnes Hospital, including the ambulance driver who transported Parker. Over 500 people who had been (or had possibly been) in contact with Parker were given vaccinations against smallpox. On 26 August, health officials went to Parker's house in Burford Park Road, Kings Norton, and fumigated her home and car. On 28 August, five hundred people were placed in quarantine in their homes for two weeks.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Quarantine and containment
Parker's mother contracted smallpox on 7 September, despite having been vaccinated against the disease on 24 August. Her case was described as "very minor" and she was subsequently declared free from infection and was discharged from hospital on 22 September. Other than Parker's mother, no further cases occurred. The other close contacts, which included two biomedical scientists from the Regional Virus Laboratory, were released from quarantine in Catherine-de-Barnes on 10 October 1978.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Quarantine and containment
Birmingham was declared officially free of smallpox on 16 October 1978. Over a year later, in October 1979, the university authorities fumigated the Medical School East Wing. The ward at Catherine-de-Barnes Hospital in which Parker had died was still sealed off five years after her death, all the furniture and equipment inside left untouched.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Related deaths
On 5 September 1978, Parker's 71-year-old father, Frederick Witcomb, of Myrtle Avenue, Kings Heath, died while in quarantine at Catherine-de-Barnes Hospital. He appeared to have died following a cardiac arrest when visiting his daughter. No post-mortem was carried out on his body because of the risk of smallpox infection.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Related deaths
On 6 September 1978, Henry Bedson, head of the Birmingham Medical School microbiology department, committed suicide while in quarantine at his home in Cockthorpe Close, Harborne. He cut his throat in the garden shed and died at Birmingham Accident Hospital a few days later. His suicide note read:


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Related deaths
I am sorry to have misplaced the trust which so many of my friends and colleagues have placed in me and my work.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Related deaths
In Bedson’s Munk's Roll biography published by the Royal College of Physicians, virologist Peter Wildy and Sir Gordon Wolstenholme wrote:


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, The infection and related events, Related deaths
Journalists launched a relentless effort to fix the blame on him and his staff for a breach of technique, and union officials stirred up public fears by confusing the issues with those then arising from genetic manipulation. Harassed as the chosen ‘villain’ of the tragedy, Henry Bedson’s normally stable personality broke down and he took his own life. It could be said that he was a victim of his own dedicated conscientiousness, and of his extreme sense of responsibility.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
An official government inquiry into Parker's death was conducted by a panel led by microbiologist R.A. Shooter, and comprising Dr Christopher Booth, Prof. Sir David Evans, J.R. McDonald, Dr David Tyrrell and Prof. Sir Robert Williams, with observers from the World Health Organization (WHO), The Health and Safety Executive and the Trades Union Congress.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
The inquiry’s report noted that Bedson had failed to inform the authorities of changes in his research that could have affected safety. Shooter's enquiry discovered that the Dangerous Pathogens Advisory Group had inspected the laboratory on two occasions and each time recommended that the smallpox research be continued there, even though the facilities at the laboratory fell far short of those required by law. Several of the staff at the laboratory had received no special training.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
Inspectors from the WHO had told Bedson that the physical facilities at the laboratory did not meet WHO standards, but had nonetheless only recommended a few changes in laboratory procedures. Bedson misled the WHO about the volume of work handled by the laboratory, telling them that it had progressively declined since 1973, when in fact it had risen substantially as Bedson tried to finish his work before the laboratory closed. Shooter also found that while Parker had been vaccinated, it had not been done recently enough to protect her against smallpox. A Foreword by the Secretary of State for Social Services, Patrick Jenkin, noted that the University of Birmingham disputed the report's findings.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
The report concluded that Parker had been infected by a strain of smallpox virus called Abid (named after the three-year-old Pakistani boy from whom it had originally been isolated), which was being handled in the smallpox laboratory during 24–25 July 1978. It found that there was "no doubt" that Parker had been infected at her workplace, and identified three possible ways in which this could have occurred: air current transmission; personal contact; or, contact with contaminated apparatus.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
The report favoured air current transmission and concluded that the virus could have travelled in air currents up a service duct from the laboratory below to a room in the Anatomy Department that was used for telephone calls. On 25 July, Parker had spent much more time there than usual ordering photographic materials because the financial year was about to end.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
Since Shooter's Report potentially played an important role in the court case against the university for breach of safety legislation, its official publication was postponed until the outcome of the trial was known, and it was not published until 1980.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
Once it was published it had a significant impact. Shooter's report was debated by Parliament. Nicolas Hawkes wrote, in 1979, that:


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, The Shooter inquiry
Shooter's report was leaked to the press by Clive Jenkins, the general secretary of the trade union to which Mrs. Parker belonged. Shooter's report is one of the most damning documents ever produced by an official enquiry in Britain.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Prosecution
On 1 December 1978 the Health and Safety Executive announced their intention to prosecute the university for breach of safety legislation. The case was heard in October 1979 at Birmingham Magistrates' Court.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Prosecution
Although the source of infection was traced, the mode and cause of transmission was not. Evidence presented by several internationally recognised experts, including Kevin McCarthy, Allan Watt Downie and Keith R. Dumbell, showed that airborne transmission from the laboratory to the telephone room where Parker was supposedly infected was highly improbable.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Prosecution
The experts calculated that it would require 53,700 litres (11,812 imp gal) of virus fluid to have been aspirated (meaning, in this context, removed by suction of fluid and cells through a needle)  and it would take 20,000 years for one particle to travel to the telephone room at the rate the fluid was aspirated. It was additionally found that although the Shooter Inquiry noted the poor state of the duct sealing in the laboratory, this was caused after the outbreak by engineers fumigating the laboratory and ducts. The university was found not guilty of causing Parker's death.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Other litigation
In August 1981, following a formal claim for damages made by the trade union Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs in 1979, Parker's husband, Joseph, was awarded £25,000 in compensation.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Conclusions and impact
Although it seems clear that the source of Parker’s infection was the smallpox virus grown at the University of Birmingham Medical School laboratory, it remains unknown how Parker came to be infected. Shooter’s criticisms of the laboratory’s procedures triggered radical changes in how dangerous pathogens were studied in the UK, but the inquiry’s conclusions on the transmission of the virus have not been generally accepted. Professor Mark Pallen, who wrote a book about the case, says that the air duct theory "was not really believed by anyone in the know". Brian Escott-Cox QC, who successfully defended the University in the subsequent prosecution, said in 2018:


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Conclusions and impact
It was clear to me before the case even started that we were going to be able to prove absolutely beyond any question of doubt whatsoever, that airborne infection of smallpox cannot take place other than between two people who are face to face, less than ten inches apart. Unhappily, inevitably, once you have proven beyond any question of doubt that the smallpox could not have escaped from the laboratory and gone to Janet Parker, the overwhelming inference is that Janet Parker must, in some way or other, have come to the smallpox. How that came about, I don’t know, we shall never know, but I think from those facts it is an inevitable inference and nothing else really stands up to any commonsense view.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Conclusions and impact
In light of this incident, all known stocks of smallpox were destroyed or transferred to one of two WHO reference laboratories which had BSL-4 facilities: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States and the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR in Koltsovo, Russia.


1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Subsequent investigations and reactions, Conclusions and impact
At the time of the outbreak, the WHO had been about to certify that smallpox had been eradicated globally. It eventually did so in 1980.


1978 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Valur won the championship. ÍA's Pétur Pétursson was the top scorer with 19 goals.


1978 – A Teen Night Out
1978 – A Teen Night Out is a 2019 Indian Bollywood film, directed by Aziz Zee, produced by Kunal Shamshere Malla and Suresh Thomas, and co-produced by Manesha Chatarji, presented by Theatre King. The film features the TV actress Sonyaa and playback singer Abuzar Akhtar.


1978 – A Teen Night Out, Plot
A Teen Night Out is a racy, supernatural, terrifying, suspense story of a NIGHT OUT at a film studio by a group of teens based in 1978. The film follows seven teenagers who find their lives in jeopardy after getting trapped in a haunted mansion.


1978-79 in English field hockey
The 1978–79 in English field hockey was the fifth official season since the introduction of an organised league structure and the eighth season featuring the National Clubs Championship.


1978-79 in English field hockey
The Men's Cup was won by Slough who defeated Neston in the final. In the final of the women's cup Chelmsford defeated Leicester 3-0.


1978-79 in English field hockey
The Men's National Inter League Championship brought together the winners of their respective regional leagues. The championship finals were held at Ealing on 22 and 23 September 1979 and won by Isca.


1978–1990 (Go-Betweens album)
1978–1990 (sometimes The Go-Betweens 1978–1990) is a 1990 compilation album by Australian band The Go-Betweens. The album draws together music spanning the band's career from their beginnings in Brisbane to their 1989 breakup, including singles, B-sides, songs recorded for broadcast and previously unreleased material.


1978–2008
1978 – 2008 is an album by Australian band Matt Finish that was released in January 2008 under the Mammal Music record label celebrating the band's 30th anniversary. The album is an anthology of the band's best-known songs, including Short Note plus three previously released songs, all freshly recorded before Christmas 2007.


1978–2008
Australian journalist Deb Laylor writes: "Music is next to laughter as medicine for the soul and I could easily OD on this dose. This CD has helped me cope and deal with all things in life. It has been in the player and I still haven't and don't expect to tire of it."


1978–2008, Track listing
All tracks are written by Matt Moffitt, John Prior, except where noted..


1978–79 1.Lig
The 1978-79 Turkish First Football League season saw 16 teams in competition. Trabzonspor won the championship.


1978–79 2. Bundesliga
The 1978–79 2. Bundesliga season was the fifth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. It was played in two regional divisions, Nord and Süd.


1978–79 2. Bundesliga
Bayer Leverkusen, TSV 1860 Munich and Bayer Uerdingen were promoted to the Bundesliga while Westfalia Herne, FC St. Pauli, Wacker 04 Berlin, FC Hanau 93, FC Augsburg, KSV Baunatal and Borussia Neunkirchen were relegated to the Oberligas.


1978–79 2. Bundesliga, Nord
For the 1978–79 season saw DSC Wanne-Eickel, Holstein Kiel, Viktoria Köln and Wacker 04 Berlin promoted to the 2. Bundesliga from the Oberliga and Amateurligas while FC St. Pauli had been relegated to the 2. Bundesliga Nord from the Bundesliga.


1978–79 2. Bundesliga, Süd
For the 1978–79 season saw Borussia Neunkirchen, FC Hanau 93, MTV Ingolstadt and SC Freiburg promoted to the 2. Bundesliga from the Amateurligas and 1. FC Saarbrücken and TSV 1860 Munich relegated to the 2. Bundesliga Süd from the Bundesliga.


1978–79 2. Bundesliga, Promotion play-offs
The final place in the Bundesliga was contested between the two runners-up in the Nord and Süd divisions. Bayer Uerdingen won on aggregate and were promoted to the Bundesliga.


1978–79 2nd Bundesliga (ice hockey) season
The 1978-79 2nd Bundesliga season was the sixth season of the 2nd Bundesliga, the second level of ice hockey in Germany. Twelve teams participated in the league, and Duisburger SC  won the championship, and was promoted to the Ice hockey Bundesliga as a result. ERC Freiburg was also promoted. EV Pfronten and EC Peiting were relegated to the Oberliga.


1978–79 A Group
Statistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1978–79 season.


1978–79 A Group, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Levski Sofia won the championship.


1978–79 A.C. Milan season
In the season 1978/79 Milan Associazione Calcio competed in Serie A, Coppa Italia and UEFA Cup.


1978–79 A.C. Milan season, Summary
The team fails to advance in Coppa Italia, Milan finishes in Group 4 in second place with 5 points with games won against Lecce and Foggia in the first rounds, after a shocking defeat with SPAL the team did not reach the victory against Catanzaro.


1978–79 A.C. Milan season, Summary
Although, Perugia were the first team during the round-robin era to go through the season undefeated, due to their number of drawn matches, they finished second in the league behind Milan.


1978–79 A.C. Milan season, Summary
Domestic league gave better results, with side stable at top in mid season. Retour half never saw Milan lose two consecutives games, for a trend that let him to recover points on Perugia. Following draws, in the final part of the season, insured Scudetto. It was the first domestic title since 1968, the tenth overall.


1978–79 A.C. Milan season, Summary
In a key strategic movement by manager Nils Liedholm, newly arrived Walter Novellino from Vicenza played as striker along with  Stefano Chiodi and Gianni Rivera. In the final round of this campaign, the club captain Gianni Rivera retired after 19 seasons, he played 658 games scoring 164 goals letting the band to Albertino Bigon. Also, manager Nils Liedholm leave the club after a contract dispute with the chairman.


1978–79 A.C. Milan season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season
During the 1978–79 season A.C. Perugia competed in Serie A and Coppa Italia.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Summary
A.C. Perugia were the first team during the round-robin era to go through the season undefeated, although due to their number of drawn matches, they finished second in the league.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Summary
The campaign is best recalled as Perugia and the undefeated season of miracles, The Grifoni, displaying the prowess of the legendary beast their nickname is derived from, produced a feat never before achieved at the highest level of Italian football: going a season undefeated. With the head of a lion and the body of an eagle, there's a majesty about a Gryphon, and in this particular season, Perugia lived up to its reputation. That they failed to secure the Scudetto shouldn't detract from their momentous achievement; it should define it.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Summary
‘Never loses, but does not win’ is an ill-thought barb often stabbed at this particular Perugia team's fate, and like so many such disparaging comments, although there is an element of truth in it, there also a substantial amount of bitterness from the tifosi of the more established powers in the game that their team didn't achieve such a record.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Summary
With just six games of the season remaining, the unlikely title challengers sat just two points behind leaders Milan and still had to host the Rossoneri after gaining a 1–1 draw away earlier in the campaign.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Summary
A win could have ensured that Perugia put themselves in pole position in the run-in but despite being cheered on by an immensely intimidating atmosphere, Gianfranco Casarsa's spot kick which cancelled out Stefano Chiodi's penalty for Milan minutes earlier, meant that the title was Milan's to lose.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Summary
Despite disappointing draws away to Catanzaro and Hellas Verona in the weeks that followed, Perugia were still in with a chance of final day success providing that Milan lost and Perugia picked up the win away to Bologna.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Summary
Although Salvatore Bagni's brace put the visitors ahead and had their fans dreaming once more, Bologna rallied and fought to a 2–2 draw which brought an end to the fairytale but still meant that despite all the odds, Perugia had not only mustered a title challenge but ended the season without once tasting defeat.


1978–79 A.C. Perugia season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1978–79 AHL season
The 1978–79 AHL season was the 43rd season of the American Hockey League. The league inaugurated the Ken McKenzie Award, for the most outstanding marketing executive, showing its commitment to marketing and public relations.


1978–79 AHL season
Nine teams were scheduled to play 80 games each. The Maine Mariners repeated as first overall in the regular season, and won their second consecutive Calder Cup championship.


1978–79 AHL season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;


1978–79 AHL season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1978–79 AIAW Division I women's basketball rankings
A single human poll represents the 1978–79 AIAW Division I women's basketball rankings, the AP Poll, in addition to various publications' preseason polls.


1978–79 AIAW Division I women's basketball rankings
he AP poll was initially a poll of coaches conducted via telephone, where coaches identified top teams and a list of the Top 20 team was produced. The contributors continued to be coaches until 1994, when the AP took over administration of the poll from Mel Greenberg, and switched to a panel of writers.


1978–79 AIAW Division I women's basketball rankings
The AP poll is currently a poll of sportswriters. The AP conducts polls weekly through the end of the regular season and conference play.


1978–79 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The 1978–79 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team represented the University of Alabama in the 1978–79 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team's head coach was C.M. Newton, who was in his eleventh season at Alabama. The team played their home games at Coleman Coliseum in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. They finished the season 22–11, 11–7 in SEC play.


1978–79 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
The Tide reached the second round of the inaugural 1979 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament, where they lost to Kentucky 100–101. Afterwards, the Tide accepted a bid to the 1979 National Invitation Tournament and reached the semi-final where they lost to Purdue University.


1978–79 Albanian Cup
1978–79 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the twenty-seventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on August 1978 with the First Round and ended on May 1979 with the Final matches. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1979-80 first round of the UEFA Cup. Dinamo Tirana were the defending champions, having won their ninth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by KS Vllaznia.


1978–79 Albanian Cup
The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.


1978–79 Albanian Cup, Second round
In this round entered the 16 winners from the previous round. First and second legs were played on January 1979.


1978–79 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals
In this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.


1978–79 Albanian Cup, Semifinals
In this round entered the four winners from the previous round.


1978–79 Albanian Cup, Finals
In this round entered the two winners from the previous round.


1978–79 Albanian National Championship
The 1978–79 Albanian National Championship was the 40th season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.


1978–79 Albanian National Championship, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Partizani won the championship.


1978–79 Albanian National Championship, League table
Note: '17 Nëntori' is Tirana, 'Labinoti' is Elbasani, 'Lokomotiva Durrës' is Teuta, 'Traktori' is Lushnja


1978–79 Algerian Championnat National
The 1978–79 Algerian Championnat National was the 17th season of the Algerian Championnat National since its establishment in 1962. A total of 14 teams contested the league, with MP Alger as the defending champions, The Championnat started on September 8, 1978. and ended on June 8, 1979.


1978–79 Algerian Cup
The 1978–79 Algerian Cup is the 17th edition of the Algerian Cup. CM Belcourt are the defending champions, having beaten USM Alger 3–0 in the previous season's final.


1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the ninth staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.


1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
Thomond College were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being between in the Limerick County Championship.


1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
On 17 March 1979, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 2-09 to 1-03 defeat of Scotstown in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1973.


1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the ninth season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier club hurling tournament. The All-Ireland series began on 28 January 1979 and ended on 25 March 1979.


1978–79 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
St. Finbarr's were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify. Blackrock won the title after defeating Ballyhale Shamrocks by 5-7 to 5-5 in the final.


1978–79 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1978–79 Allsvenskan was the 45th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 12 teams competed in the league. IK Heim won the regular season, but HK Drott won the playoffs and claimed their third Swedish title. HF Olympia and Kiruna AIF were relegated.


1978–79 Alpha Ethniki
The 1978–79 Alpha Ethniki was the 43rd season of the highest football league of Greece. The season began on 3 September 1978 and ended on 3 June 1979. AEK Athens won their second consecutive and seventh Greek title.


1978–79 Alpha Ethniki
The point system was: Win: 2 points - Draw: 1 point.


1978–79 Anglo-Scottish Cup
The 1978–79 Anglo-Scottish Cup was the fourth edition of the tournament. It was won by Burnley, who beat Oldham Athletic in a two-legged final by 4–2 on aggregate.


1978–79 Arsenal F.C. season
The 1978-1979 Arsenal F.C. season was played by the Arsenal team from 1978 to 1979. The final tally was 17 wins, 13 ties, and 11 losses in the first division.


1978–79 Arsenal F.C. season
The score for 4th November 1978 against Ipswich Town should read; Arsenal 1 Ipswich Town 4.


1978–79 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1978–79 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Cup
Arsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round proper, in which they were drawn to face Sheffield Wednesday.


1978–79 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1978–79 English football season was Aston Villa's 79th in the Football League and their fourth consecutive season in the top division. Manager, Ron Saunders had signed a six year contract in the pre-season.


1978–79 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
19 Aug 1978: The First Division season begins with a 1-0 home victory over Wolves.


1978–79 Aston Villa F.C. season, Diary of the season
8 May 1979: Liverpool beat Aston Villa 3–0 at Anfield to clinch the First Division title.


1978–79 Aston Villa F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1978–79 Athenian League
The 1978–79 Athenian League season was the 56th in the history of Athenian League. The league consisted of 19 teams.


1978–79 Atlanta Flames season
The 1978–79 Atlanta Flames season was the seventh season for the franchise.


1978–79 Atlanta Flames season, Player statistics, Skaters
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1978–79 Atlanta Flames season, Player statistics, Skaters
†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Atlanta. Stats reflect time with the Flames only. ‡Traded mid-season.


1978–79 Atlanta Flames season, Player statistics, Goaltending
Note: GP = Games played; TOI = Time on ice (minutes); W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average


1978–79 Atlanta Flames season, Transactions
The Flames were involved in the following transactions during the 1978–79 season.


1978–79 Atlanta Flames season, Draft picks
Bernhardt Engelbrecht was the first German player selected in the NHL Draft. The Flames selected him in the 12th round.


1978–79 Atlanta Hawks season
The 1978–79 NBA season was the Hawks' 30th season in the NBA and 11th season in Atlanta.


1978–79 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 1978–79 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1978–79 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Sonny Smith, who was in his first season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 13–16, 5–13 in SEC play. They defeated Vanderbilt and Georgia to advance to the semifinals of the SEC Tournament where they lost to Tennessee.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season
The 1978–79 Australian region cyclone season was the only season in which a reconnaissance aircraft flew into a tropical cyclone. Operationally, Australia's Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) tracked eleven tropical cyclones, while two additional systems were later added to the United States's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best track. Prior to 1985, the Australian region basin was defined as in the southern hemisphere between 80°E and 160°E, with the modern day season boundaries ranging from 1 November to 30 April of the following year. The first storm, an unnamed system, developed on 19 November 1978. The final cyclone, Kevin, dissipated by 12 May 1979. Tropical cyclones in this area were monitored by three Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs): the BOM in Perth, Darwin, and Brisbane.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season
Tropical cyclogenesis in the season began when an unnamed tropical cyclone developed well west of Australia on 19 November and lasted until 23 November after moving in a generally southward direction throughout much of its duration. Cyclone Peter developed over the Gulf of Carpentaria on 29 December. During and in the few days after landfall in Queensland on 31 December, the storm produced heavy precipitation in the state and became the rainiest tropical cyclone in Australia. Severe flooding occurred in the Cairns area, leaving two fatalities and about $10 million in damage. Gordon became the first system to enter from another basin, entering from the South Pacific on 9 January. The storm dissipated shortly after striking Queensland on 12 January, bringing rainfall and rough seas.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season
Cyclone Kerry remained in the Australian region from 12 February to 3 March, making it the longest-lived tropical cyclone in the basin on record. Hazel was the most intense tropical cyclone of the season, peaking as a Category 4 on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale. The storm brought rough seas and strong winds to Western Australia, resulting in $20 million in damage and 15 deaths after a fishing boat capsized. None of the subsequent tropical cyclones significantly effected land. Tropical cyclogenesis concluded with the formation of Kevin on 2 May, which dissipated on 12 May. Overall, the tropical cyclones of this season collectively caused 17 deaths and over $30 million in damage.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Season summary
Under the modern day boundaries, a season lasts from 1 November to 30 April of the following year, while a tropical cyclone year is defined as from 1 July to 30 June of the next year. Thirteen cyclones entered or formed in the Australian region, which was equal to the 1970–71 to 2001–02 average of 13 per season. By region, three cyclones developed over the Perth TCWC, three formed in the Darwin TCWC, and just one originated over the Brisbane area. Thus, seven cyclones developed in the Australian region – defined as the southern hemisphere between 80°E and 160°E – until Météo-France's Réunion area of responsibility and BOM adjusted the boundary eastward to 90°E in 1985. This was slightly below the 1952–53 to 1970–71 average of eight per season.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Season summary
There was a total of eleven coastal crossings, which is either a landfall or a tropical cyclone moving from land to sea. This was well above the 1949–50 to 1974–75 average of five per season. This was the first and only season that reconnaissance aircraft flew into cyclones in this basin. A WP-3D Orion operated by the United States's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) flew into Cyclone Kerry on three occasions – 21 February, 22 February, and 4 March. Another flight mission was conducted for observing Cyclone Rosa as the storm was making landfall in Northern Territory on 26 February. Overall, the tropical cyclones of this season resulted in 17 deaths and slightly more than $30 million in damage.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Season summary
Activity began in November 1978, when Tropical Cyclone 01S formed the Australian region in the Perth TCWC area on 18 November. The next cyclone, later designated as 03S, developed about a month later on 20 December. In addition, Peter formed on 29 December. January also featured two more cyclones, Greta and Gordon, the latter of which entered the basin from the South Pacific on 9 January. Likewise, there were two tropical cyclones in the month of February, Rosa and Kerry, both of which existed simultaneously for almost three weeks. Hazel and Ivan originated in March.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Season summary
The former was the most intense tropical cyclone of the season, peaking with 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 935 mbar (27.6 inHg). April was the most active, with three cyclones originating or entering the basin during that month. The last storm, Kevin existed in May between 2 May and 12 May, after the end of the modern day season, which is 30 April.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Cyclone 01S
An unnamed cyclone, later designated as 01S, developed about 185 kilometres (115 miles) north of North Keeling on 19 November at 12:00 UTC. After six hours, the storm intensified into a Category 1 cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale. The cyclone headed southwestward and intensified further on 20 November, peaking with 1-minute sustain winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) by 06:00 UTC. Early on 21 November, the system curved west-southwestward, before turning on the following day. Thereafter, the storm began weakening and dissipated early on 23 November, while situated about 1,210 km (750 mi) southwest of Cocos Islands.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Cyclone 03S
Another unnamed cyclone, designated as 03S, developed on 20 December while located about 1,055 km (655 mi) west-northwest of North Keeling. The storm strengthened and became a Category 1 cyclone about twelve hours later. After initially moving east-southeastward, the system re-curved to the west-southwest by 21 December. Further intensification occurred, and by 00:00 UTC on 22 December, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h (55 mph). Thereafter, the cyclone slowly weakened and fell to tropical depression intensity on 24 December. Several hours later, the system entered the southwest Indian Ocean basin, where it dissipated on 26 December.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Peter
A weak low pressure area over the Arafura Sea developed into Cyclone Peter on 29 December. Peter moved southeastward and deepened while brushing Arnhem Land. Initially a tropical low, it strengthened into a Category 1 cyclone by 12:00 UTC on 29 December. Peter intensified further on 30 December and became a Category 2 cyclone. On the following day, the cyclone peaked with maximum sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph). Peter weakened to a Category 1 cyclone before making landfall near the mouth of the Edward River in Queensland. While crossing the Cape York Peninsula, the storm weakened slowly. After reaching the Pacific Ocean near Cooktown, the storm decelerated and meandered offshore, but dissipated about 105 km (65 mi) north of Cape Melville.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Peter
While trekking slowly offshore the east coast of Queensland, the storm dropped very heavy rainfall, peaking at 1,947 millimeters (76.7 inches) at Mount Bellenden Ker, making it the wettest tropical cyclone on record in Australia. Severe flooding occurred, especially in the Cairns area. The most severe damage was dealt to sugar cane, which suffered 70 to 90 percent destruction. Some flights were canceled at the Cairns Airport due to standing water. Floodwaters forced at least 50 people to flee their homes in Cairns. A number of roads, including major highways, were flooded throughout coastal areas of Far North Queensland. Rainfall and winds also resulted in many power and telephone service outages through the region. There were two fatalities and damage reached approximately $10 million.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Greta
A weak low pressure area associated with the remnants of Peter developed into a tropical disturbance over the Gulf of Carpentaria on 8 January. After six hours, the disturbance intensified into a tropical low, which was named Greta. Moving east-northeast, the system strengthened into a Category 1 cyclone late on 9 January. By 00:00 UTC the next day, Greta became a Category 2 and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). A few hours later, the system made landfall to the south of Weipa, Queensland. The city of Weipa recorded a barometric pressure of 986 mbar (29.1 inHg), the lowest in relation to Greta. While traversing the Cape York Peninsula, the cyclone weakened, falling to Category 1 intensity by midday on 10 January.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Greta
Eventually, Greta curved southward and briefly moved offshore, before making another landfall near Princess Charlotte Bay early on 11 January. The storm curved west-southwestward and soon weakened to a tropical low. After re-emerging into the Gulf of Carpentaria again on 12 January, Greta almost immediately weakened to a tropical disturbance. The storm then meandered offshore Gulf Country before dissipating around 00:00 UTC on 13 January. Greta brought rainfall to portions of the Cape York Peninsula flooded during the passage of Cyclone Peter, but the former resulted in much less damage than the latter.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Gordon
Cyclone Gordon developed over the South Pacific basin on 2 January, where it peaked as a Category 3 cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg) on 7 January. However, between 7 January and 8 January, satellite imagery indicated a significant weakening trend. Upon reaching the Australian region early on 9 January, Gordon had deteriorated to a Category 1. Around that time, the cyclone attained its peak intensity while in the basin, with maximum sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 990 mbar (29 inHg).


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Gordon
Weakening continued, with Gordon decreasing to a tropical low on 10 January, following by to tropical disturbance intensity on 11 January. Several hours later, Gordon made landfall near Proserpine, Queensland, and promptly dissipated. Some coastal towns in Queensland observed up to 50 millimetres (2.0 in) in a 24‑hour period. However, there was no flood damage. Rough seas and strong winds resulted in some beach erosion.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Rosa
A persistent cluster of clouds over the South Pacific basin developed into a tropical low, named Rosa, near the Solomon Islands on 12 February. Shortly thereafter, Rosa entered the Australian region. Initially, the system remained weak and moved across the Cape York Peninsula on 16 February. Upon reaching the Gulf of Carpentaria, the storm slowly strengthened and moved in an erratic motion. Early on 26 February, Rosa peaked with maximum sustained winds of 150 km/h (90 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 955 mbar (28.2 inHg).


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Rosa
A reconnaissance flight into the cyclone recorded winds of 170 km/h (110 mph) at an altitude of 540 m (1,770 ft), while located about 35 km (20 mi) northeast of the eye early on 26 February. The cyclone then made landfall near Bing Bong. Northern Territory, at the same intensity. Rosa moved west-southwestward across Australia and dissipated offshore Western Australia near Exmouth on 4 March.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Rosa
Observation stations in the southwest Gulf of Carpentaria reported abnormally high tides. At Bing Bong, the water level rose an estimated 2 m (6.6 ft) above the spring high tide mark. On Groote Eylandt island, a tide gauge was washed away. These weather stations suffered thousands of dollars in damage. Trees in extensive tracts of forests were felled, especially in the Roper-McArthur district, which stretches from the Roper to McArthur rivers. On North Island, located within the Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands, a stranded light aircraft was destroyed.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Kerry
Kerry developed over the South Pacific basin from a low pressure area on 12 February. After later striking Makira in the Solomon Islands on 15 February, Kerry reached the Bureau of Meteorology's area of responsibility on 16 February as a Category 2 cyclone. Shortly thereafter, the system became a Category 3 cyclone. Reaching Category 4 on 18 February, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). After peak intensity, the storm began to move erratically, executing multiple cyclonic loops and decelerating between 20 February and 25 February.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Kerry
At that time, Kerry weakened significantly due to dry air, falling to Category 3 on 21 February and Category 2 on 24 February. The storm curved southwestward by 26 February and deteriorated to a Category 1 later that day. Shortly thereafter, Kerry turned westward and began approaching the east coast of Queensland.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Kerry
Late on 28 February, the cyclone struck the Whitsunday Islands as a Category 1 and later made multiple landfalls on the mainland as a tropical low on 1 March. Kerry curved northward several hours later and re-emerged into the Pacific Ocean. The storm reintensified into a Category 1 on 2 March, before a trough forced the cyclone to curve southeastward. Kerry again weakened while traversing above the Great Barrier Reef and finally dissipated on 5 March. In Queensland, much of the damage occurred in the vicinity of Mackay, where a wind gust of 141 km/h (88 mph) was observed.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Kerry
Twenty-seven homes were damaged, one severely, and a warehouse lost a large section of its roof. Wave heights up to 4.02 m (13.2 ft) in the city caused about $1 million (1979 AUD) in damage to boats at the harbor. On Brampton Island, the resort's staff quarters building was deroofed and many trees were downed throughout the island.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Severe Tropical Cyclone Hazel
Hazel grazed the Western Australia coast on March 13, 1979. Fifteen crewmen drowned when their fishing boat sank during the storm. The storm caused $41 million in damage, among the costliest Western Australian cyclones.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Jane
A tropical disturbance formed about 220 mi (135 mi) west-southwest of Cocos Island early on 8 April. Early on the next day, the disturbance strengthened into a tropical low, which was named Jane. The storm only intensified slightly further and later peaked with a minimum barometric pressure of 988 mbar (29.2 inHg). Jane dissipated by 14 April.


1978–79 Australian region cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Kevin
Kevin existed from 2 May to 12 May. As it churned in open ocean, it took an unusual "zig-zag" path. Kevin did not strengthen much and dissipated out to sea.


1978–79 Austrian Football Bundesliga, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and FK Austria Wien won the championship.


1978–79 Austrian Hockey League season
The 1978–79 Austrian Hockey League season was the 49th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Eight teams participated in the league, and EC KAC won the championship.


1978–79 Belgian Cup
The 1978–79 Belgian Cup was the 24th season of the main knockout competition in Belgian association football, the Belgian Cup.


1978–79 Belgian Cup, Final rounds
The final game was played at the Heysel Stadium between K. Beerschot V.A.C. and Club Brugge K.V., K. Beerschot V.A.C. winning 1–0.


1978–79 Belgian First Division, Overview
It was contested by 18 teams, and K.S.K. Beveren won the championship for the first time in club history.


1978–79 Biathlon World Cup
The 1978–79 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 10 January 1979 in Jáchymov, Czechoslovakia, and ended on 8 April 1979 in Bardufoss, Norway. It was the second season of the Biathlon World Cup, and it was only held for men.


1978–79 Biathlon World Cup, Calendar
Below is the World Cup calendar for the 1978–79 season.


1978–79 Biathlon World Cup, Calendar
*The relays were technically unofficial races as they did not count towards anything in the World Cup.


1978–79 Birmingham Bulls season
The 1978–79 Birmingham Bulls season was the Bulls' final season of operation in the World Hockey Association (WHA).


1978–79 Birmingham Bulls season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals for, GA = Goals against, Pts = Points


1978–79 Birmingham City F.C. season
The 1978–79 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 76th in the Football League and their 45th in the First Division. They were in the bottom two positions in the 22-team division from 9 September onwards, eventually finishing 21st position, so were relegated to the Second Division for 1979–80. They lost in their opening matches in both the 1978–79 FA Cup and the League Cup, eliminated by Burnley and Southampton respectively.


1978–79 Birmingham City F.C. season
Twenty-seven players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were thirteen different goalscorers. Defender Joe Gallagher played in every game but one over the season, and Alan Buckley was the club's top scorer with 8 goals, all scored in the league. Jim Smith, in his first full season as Birmingham's manager, brought Argentina's World Cup-winning full-back Alberto Tarantini to the club.


1978–79 Birmingham City F.C. season
Trevor Francis, who joined Birmingham as a 15-year-old, became the first British footballer to be transferred for a fee of at least £1 million when Brian Clough signed him for league champions Nottingham Forest in February 1979. The basic fee was below £1m – Clough claimed in his autobiography to have set the fee at £999,999 because he did not want the idea of being the first £1m player going to Francis's head – but VAT and the transfer levy raised the total payable to £1.18m. Within three months he scored the winning goal in the 1979 European Cup Final.


1978–79 Blackpool F.C. season
The 1978–79 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 71st season (68th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 24-team Division Three, then the third tier of English football, finishing twelfth.


1978–79 Blackpool F.C. season
Bob Stokoe was installed as manager during the summer, his second stint in the role. He remained in charge for only one season, however.


1978–79 Blackpool F.C. season
Derek Spence was the club's top scorer, with seventeen goals (sixteen in the league and one in the League Cup).


1978–79 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
The 1978–79 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team represented Boise State University during the 1978–79 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos were led by sixth-year head coach Bus Connor and played their home games on campus at Bronco Gymnasium in Boise, Idaho.


1978–79 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
They finished the regular season at 11–15 overall, with a 6–8 record in the Big Sky Conference, tied for sixth in the standings.


1978–79 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team
No Broncos were named to the all-conference team; forward Sean McKenna was on the second team, and guard Fred Williams was honorable mention.


1978–79 Boston Bruins season
The 1978–79 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 55th season.


1978–79 Boston Bruins season, Regular season, Season standings
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points       Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1978–79 Boston Bruins season, Roster
7 – Bennett •8 – McNab •10 – Ratelle •11 – Schmautz •12 – Cashman •14 – Miller •16 – Middleton •17 – Jonathan •18 – Wensink •19 – Songin •20 – Secord •21 – Marcotte •24 – O'Reilly •27 – Foster •27 – Walton


1978–79 Boston Bruins season, Roster
6 – Redmond •19 – DeMarco •19 – Nicolson •22 – Park •23 – Smith •25 – Doak •26 – Milbury •28 – O'Brien •29 – Sims


1978–79 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs, Semi-finals
Game seven of the Montreal-Boston Semi-final is probably one of the most memorable in the history of the NHL. About a minute and a half after Boston's Rick Middleton scored with four minutes remaining in the third period to give the Bruins a 4–3 lead, linesman John D'Amico called a bench minor for too many men on the ice against the Bruins. Montreal's Guy Lafleur scored on the ensuing powerplay, sending the game to overtime where Yvon Lambert gave the Canadiens the win and a trip to their fourth straight Stanley Cup final.


1978–79 Boston Celtics season
The 1978–79 Boston Celtics season was the 33rd season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). It was the worst record of any Celtics team that played between 1950 and 1996.


1978–79 Boston Celtics season
Prior to the season, owner Irv Levin swapped franchises with the Buffalo Braves ownership group led by John Y. Brown, Jr..  Levin had wanted to have a team in his native California, but knew the other league owners would not consider a move of the Celtics. He therefore brokered a deal with Brown to swap franchises, and then moved the Braves to San Diego to become the Clippers.