1978 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Medal winners are published by category: Junior A, Male, Junior A, Female, and combined Junior B. Complete results can be found on the World Junior Athletics History website.


1978 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)
Detailed result lists can be found on the World Junior Athletics History website. They comprise about 293 athletes (157 junior (under-20) and 136 youth (under-17)) from about 10 countries:


1978 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 1978 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first season under head coach Herb Deromedi, the Chippewas compiled a 9–2 record (8–1 against MAC opponents), finished in second place in the MAC standings, held seven of eleven opponents to fewer than ten points, and outscored all opponents, 331 to 119. The season marked the beginning of a school record 23-game unbeaten streak that ran from October 7, 1978, to October 11, 1980. The team played its home games in Perry Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 98,011 in five home games.


1978 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Gary Hogeboom with 1,095 passing yards, Willie Todd with 746 rushing yards, and Brian Blank with 384 receiving yards. Linebacker Bryan Gross received the team's most valuable player award. Offensive guard Tim Sopha, placekicker Rade Savich, and defensive back Robert Jackson received first-team All-MAC honors. Savich broke the school record with 15 field goals in a season and tied a school record with 38 point after touchdown kicks in a season.


1978 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
Herb Deromedi, a native of Royal Oak, Michigan, was hired as Central Michigan's head football coach in August 1978. He had previously been the Chippewas' defensive coordinator under head coach Roy Kramer. He replaced Kramer, who left the program to become the athletic director at Vanderbilt University. Deromedi remained the program's head football coach for 16 years, compiling a 110–55–10 record. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2007.


1978 Champion of Champions
The 1978 Daily Mirror Champion of Champions was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament held on Thursday 2 and Friday 3 November 1978 at the Wembley Conference Centre in London, England.


1978 Champion of Champions, Summary
Four players contested the tournament which was held over two days. The event was promoted by Michael Barrett, a boxing promoter.


1978 Champion of Champions, Summary
Ray Reardon easily won the first semi-final 6–1 after taking a 5–0 lead. In the evening match Doug Mountjoy led 3–2 but Alex Higgins won the next four frames to win 6–3. The 8th frame was won on a respotted black. In the final Reardon led Higgins 6–4 after the afternoon session. In the evening Reardon extended his lead to 9–5 before Higgins won the next four frames to level the match. In the 19th frame Reardon had a 77 clearance to win the frame and then won the 20th frame easily to win the match.


1978 Champion of Champions, Summary
Brief highlights were shown on ITV's World of Sport on the following afternoon (Saturday 4 November, 3:10 pm).


1978 Champion of Champions, Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:


1978 Chatham Cup
The 1978 Chatham Cup was the 51st annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1978 Chatham Cup
Early stages of the competition were run in three regions (northern, central, and southern), with the National League teams receiving a bye until the Fourth Round of the competition. In all, 144 teams took part in the competition. Note: Different sources give different numberings for the rounds of the competition: some start round one with the beginning of the regional qualifications; others start numbering from the first national knock-out stage. The former numbering scheme is used in this article.


1978 Chatham Cup, Results, Third Round
* Won on penalties by Metro (3-2), Nelson Suburbs (3-2), and Porirua United (4-2)


1978 Chatham Cup, Results, Fourth Round
* Won on penalties by Nelson Suburbs (4-3). † Replayed match after Courier Rangers fielded ineligible player


1978 Chatham Cup, The Final
The final was held outside one of the main centres for the first time, being played in Nelson. Manurewa won the competition for the first time since 1931, when they had played under the name "Tramurewa" (after a recent merger with Tramways FC). The gap of 47 years between trophies in this competition is still a record.


1978 Chatham Cup, The Final
Manurewa's side was coached by John Adshead who four years later would steer New Zealand's national side to their first FIFA World Cup. The team included several top players, notably Dave Bright and goalkeeper Frank van Hattum; they were opposed by the previous year's champions, Nelson United, a team which boasted the presence of Kenny Cresswell, Peter Simonsen and Keith Mackay, among others.


1978 Chatham Cup, The Final
The game's only goal came after 12 minutes. Nelson keeper Owen Nuttridge failed to completely clear a Dave Bright cross, only for the ball to be headed into the net by Bruce Foster.


1978 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1978 Chattanooga Moccasins football team represented the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Moccasins were led by first-year head coach Joe Morrison and played their home games at Charmerlain Field. They finished the season 7–3–1 overall and 3–1 in Southern Conference (SoCon) play to finish tied for first place.


1978 Chicago Bears season
The 1978 season was the Chicago Bears' 59th in the National Football League, and their second under head coach Neill Armstrong. The team failed to improve on their 9–5 record from 1977 to finish at 7–9, and failed to make the playoffs for the 14th time in the past 15 seasons.


1978 Chicago Bears season, Game summaries, Week 2
"The 100 yards was nice, but it doesn't mean a thing since we lost." O. J. Simpson said after winning his first confrontation with Walter Payton. Simpson had 108 yards to Payton's 62. - But Simpson's fumble proved to be a pivotal one. He recovered the ball but lost 6 yards on the play, and the 49ers, leading by four points in the fourth quarter, had to go to the air to try to maintain possession. Doug Buffone then intercepts and Chicago wound up with the winning touchdown.


1978 Chicago Cubs season
The 1978 Chicago Cubs season was the 107th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 103rd in the National League and the 63rd at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished third in the National League East with a record of 79–83.


1978 Chicago Cubs season, Regular season
On June 14, in Cincinnati, Pete Rose of the Cincinnati Reds singled in the first inning off Cubs pitcher Dave Roberts; Rose would proceed to get a hit in every game he played until August 1.


1978 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1978 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1978 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Chicago Marathon
The 1978 Chicago Marathon (also known as the Mayor Daley Marathon) was the 2nd running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on September 24. The elite men's and women's races were won by Americans Mark Stanforth (2:19:20) and Lynae Larson (2:59:25). The race was run in temperatures at times above 80 °F (27 °C), which caused hundreds of competitors to need medical attention.


1978 Chicago Marathon, Background
The entry for the 1978 race was increased from $5 the previous year to $10, making it the most expensive US marathon race to enter at the time. The money covered the race organizer's cost of between $200,000 and $250,000 for the race. He had lost $65,000 from the 1977 event. The winners received no prize money, which was not introduced until 1982.


1978 Chicago Marathon, Background
The start time for the race was 10:30 am, which was 2.5 hours later than the previous year; originally, the proposed start time had been noon, but this was changed after consultation with competitors and the Chicago Area Runners Association. Reasons given for the change included so that more out-of-town competitors could attend, and so to attract more spectators. Many competitors objected to this change, citing issues with the potential for high temperatures, and the medical doctor from the 1977 event also criticized the decision to change the start time. Some competitors wore black armbands to protest the decision.


1978 Chicago Marathon, Race summary
The race was run in a peak temperature of over 80 °F (27 °C), and as a result, hundreds of competitors needed medical attention, and 10 people were hospitalized. Chicago mayor Michael Anthony Bilandic blamed the lack of fitness of competitors for the health issues. It was estimated that between 9,000 and 10,000 people started the race; the youngest starter was eight years old, and the oldest starters were around 70 years old. Anyone was able to sign up for the event, unlike in the Boston Marathon where competitors had to have previously achieved a qualifying time. The race had two start lines, which allowed competitors to spread out more easily. A total of 4053 runners finished the race, a near doubling from the previous year.


1978 Chicago Marathon, Race summary
In the men's race, 1977 winner Dan Cloeter led from the start of the race, ahead of a pack of leading racers. Mark Stanforth caught that group,  as they were struggling with the heat more than him, and then caught and passed Cloeter at around the 20 miles (32 km) mark. Cloeter fell behind from Stanforth as he was suffering from cramp in his legs. Stanforth suffered with blisters on his feet in the last few miles, but nevertheless won the race in a time of 2:19:20. He finished over five minutes ahead of Barney Klecker, who finished second, and Cloeter finished third, five seconds behind Klecker. After the race, Stanforth said that the course was too slow, as it had too many corners and too many changes of terrain.


1978 Chicago Marathon, Race summary
The women's race was won by Lynae Larson, a schoolteacher in Brookings, South Dakota, in a time of 2:59:25. After the race, Larson complained that the delayed start time affected her travel home, as she had to drive six hours back to Brookings to work the next day.


1978 Chicago White Sox season
The 1978 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 78th season in Major League Baseball, and its 79th overall. They finished with a record of 71-90, good enough for fifth place in the American League West, 20.5 games behind the first-place Kansas City Royals.


1978 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases


1978 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts


1978 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1978 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State University during the 1978 NCAA Division II football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1978.


1978 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1978 Wildcats were led by fifth-year head coach Dick Trimmer. They played home games at University Stadium in Chico, California. Chico State finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5–5, 2–3 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 161–217 for the season.


1978 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL
No Chico State players were selected in the 1979 NFL Draft.


1978 Chilean International Championships
The 1978 Chilean International Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Santiago, Chile that was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 27 November through 3 December 1978. Third-seeded José Luis Clerc won the singles title.


1978 Chilean International Championships, Finals, Doubles
Hans Gildemeister /  Víctor Pecci defeated  Álvaro Fillol /  Jaime Fillol 6–4, 6–3


1978 Chilean national consultation
A national consultation on President Augusto Pinochet's political program was held in Chile on 4 January 1978. After being accused of human rights violations by the United Nations, Pinochet announced a national vote to confirm support for his policies. The 'yes' field of the ballot featured a Chilean flag, while the 'no' field featured a solid black rectangle to nudge the vote in favor of Pinochet.


1978 Chilean telethon
The 1978 Chilean telethon was the first version of the solidarity campaign held in Chile, which took place on December 8 and 9, 1978. The theme of this version was "Accomplish the miracle". The symbol girl for this first edition was Jane Hermosilla, although the strongest face of this campaign was the young Silvia Ceballos, who related how she overcame the effects of a serious car accident that left her in a wheelchair.


1978 Chilean telethon
The idea for the project was thought up by Mario Kreutzberger, and in 1978, Don Francisco was able to unite all radio and television stations, in order to do a marathon show of 27 hours, linking all entertainers, journalists and artists. At the same time, Mario decided to seek sponsors to support this project.


1978 Chilean telethon
The first telethon was intended to be aired on Friday December 1 and Saturday December 2, but scheduling problems of programming arose with Channel 13 and TVN transmitting the 1978 OTI Song Contest on that day, so the telethon was pushed back to the following weekend, December 8 and 9. The fundraising goal was $1,000,000 (33.79 million Chilean pesos), which, when achieved, would be used to create rehabilitation facilities for disabled children.


1978 Chilean telethon
It took a while to reach the finish line but at dusk, in the final section, a total of 35,135,988 Chilean pesos was reached. With this the goal was exceeded, but later the figure doubled to 84,361,838 Chilean pesos. This event was the beginning of a series of yearly telethons in Chile, the next event being the 1979's telethon.


1978 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1978 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented University of Cincinnati during 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bearcats, led by head coach Ralph Staub, participated as independent and played their home games at Nippert Stadium.


1978 Cincinnati Bengals season
The 1978 Cincinnati Bengals season was the franchise's 9th season in the National Football League, and the 11th overall.


1978 Cincinnati Bengals season
Ken Anderson missed the first four games with a broken bone in his right hand, and Homer Rice replaced Bill Johnson as head coach after the Bengals started 0–5. The team dipped to marks of 0–8 and 1–12 before rebounding under Rice to win the last three games. In the season finale, the Bengals blasted Cleveland, 48–16, setting series records for points and victory margin.


1978 Cincinnati Open
The 1978 Cincinnati Open (also known as the 1978 ATP Championships for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Coney Island in Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States that was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. The tournament was held from July 10 through July 16, 1978. First-seeded Eddie Dibbs won the singles title.


1978 Cincinnati Open, Finals, Doubles
Gene Mayer /  Raúl Ramírez defeated  Ismail El Shafei /  Brian Fairlie 6–3, 6–3


1978 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1978 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The Reds finished in second place in the National League West with a record of 92-69, 2½ games behind the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Reds were managed by Sparky Anderson and played their home games at Riverfront Stadium. Following the season, Anderson was replaced as manager by John McNamara, and Pete Rose left to sign with the Philadelphia Phillies for the 1979 season.


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Spring training
In honor of Saint Patrick's Day, Reds general manager Dick Wagner had green versions of the Reds' uniforms made. The Reds hosted the New York Yankees at Al Lopez Field on March 17, 1978. This was the first time a major league team wore green trimmed uniforms on March 17, a practice adopted in subsequent years by multiple major league teams.


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
During the season, Pete Rose tied the National League record with a 44-game hitting streak held by Willie Keeler. The streak began on June 14, and came to an end on August 1.


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On June 16, 1978 at Riverfront Stadium, Tom Seaver recorded a 4-0 no-hitter against the St. Louis Cardinals. It was the only no-hitter of his professional career.


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Pete Rose hitting streak
On May 5, 1978, Rose became the 13th and youngest player in major league history to collect his 3,000th career hit, with a single off Expos pitcher Steve Rogers. On June 14 in Cincinnati, Rose singled in the first inning off Cubs pitcher Dave Roberts; Rose would proceed to get a hit in every game he played until August 1, making a run at Joe DiMaggio's record 56-game hitting streak, which had stood virtually unchallenged for 37 years.


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Pete Rose hitting streak
The streak started quietly, but by the time it had reached 30 games, the media took notice and a pool of reporters accompanied Rose and the Reds to every game. On July 19 against the Phillies, Rose was hitless going into the ninth with his team trailing. He ended up walking and the streak appeared over. But the Reds managed to bat through their entire lineup, giving Rose another chance. Facing Ron Reed, Rose laid down a perfect bunt single to extend the streak to 32 games.


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Pete Rose hitting streak
He eventually tied Willie Keeler's single season National League record at 44 games; but on August 1, the streak came to an end as Gene Garber of the Braves struck out Rose in the ninth inning. The competitive Rose was sour after the game, blasting Garber and the Braves for treating the situation "like it was the ninth inning of the 7th game of the World Series" and adding that "Phil Niekro would have given me a fastball to hit."


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Ciskei legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Ciskei between 18 and 22 June 1978. The Ciskei National Independence Party won all 50 elected seats. The election was preceded by a wave of arrests and intimidation of opposition party supporters, and 13 opposition candidates lost their deposits. There was also corruption in the operation of the election, as bribes of houses and money had been made to people to vote for the CNIP, and voters were forced to show their completed ballot papers to officials before voting.


1978 Ciskei legislative election, Electoral system
The Legislative Assembly had a total of 137 seats, 50 of which were elected and 87 of which were appointed.


1978 City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council election
Elections to City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council were held on 4 May 1978, with one third of council up for election as well as an extra vacancy in Shipley: Central, North & East. The election resulted in the Conservatives retaining control with voter turnout at 38.3%.


1978 City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council election, Election result
This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:


1978 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1978 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. In its second season under head coach Charley Pell, the team compiled an 11–1 record (6–0 against conference opponents), won the ACC championship, defeated Ohio State in the 1978 Gator Bowl, was ranked No. 6 in the final AP and Coaches Polls, and outscored opponents by a total of 368 to 131. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.


1978 Clemson Tigers football team
Steve Fuller and Randy Scott were the team captains. The team's statistical leaders included Steve Fuller with 1,515 passing yards, Lester Brown with 1,022 rushing yards and 102 points scored, and Jerry Butler with 908 receiving yards.


1978 Cleveland Browns season
The 1978 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 29th season with the National Football League (NFL). After nearly three years of struggling offensively – and not making the playoffs—while posting just one winning record under ultra-strict, disciplinarian head coach Forrest Gregg, the Browns in 1978 decided to take a softer approach to liven up their attack – and their team. They did so by hiring a virtually unknown assistant at the time, New Orleans Saints receivers coach Sam Rutigliano, to replace Gregg, who was fired with one game left in the 1977 season. Rutigliano was the fourth head coach hired by Art Modell in his 18 years as club owner to that point, and it marked the first time Modell had not promoted from within the organization to fill the spot.


1978 Cleveland Browns season
Although it took a while for things to develop, the idea of bringing in someone from the outside nonetheless worked. With Rutigliano, who was as progressive, innovative and forward-thinking of an offensive mind as there was in the game at the time, running the show, the once-stagnant Browns attack scored 30 or more points four times in eight games in the second half of that season.


1978 Cleveland Browns season
More importantly, Rutigliano was able to jump-start the career of embattled quarterback Brian Sipe, which would pay huge dividends for the team two years later when he won the NFL MVP award and led the Browns to the AFC Central title. He finished with 21 touchdown passes and 15 interceptions in 1978 for a quarterback rating of 80.7, by far his best numbers in his five seasons with the Browns.


1978 Cleveland Browns season
The Browns started well, winning their first three games over the San Francisco 49ers (24–7), Cincinnati Bengals (13–10 in overtime) and Atlanta Falcons (24–16). They then stood 4–2 after beating the Saints 24–16 three games later.


1978 Cleveland Browns season
But in the process of the Browns offense getting revved up, the defense soon started to come unglued. Yes, the Browns were scoring a lot of points in those final eight games, but they were giving up a lot, too. In fact, they surrendered 34 or more points in three successive games at the very end of the year. The end result was an 8–8 finish in which the Browns were outscored by 22 points overall, 356 to 334, in the first year that the NFL expanded from a 14- to a 16-game regular season. The Browns top draft choice that year, future Hall of Fame TE Ozzie Newsome, fresh off of an NCAA National Championship with Paul "Bear" Bryant's Alabama Crimson Tide team, had a solid rookie season, snaring 38 passes for 589 yards and two touchdowns.


1978 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season
On May 12, pitcher Nolan Ryan of the California Angels struck out Buddy Bell for the 2500th strikeout of his career.


1978 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1978 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1978 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election
The 1978 Cleveland recall election determined whether or not the 53rd Mayor of Cleveland, Dennis Kucinich, would be removed from office. It was the first mayoral recall election in the city's history.


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Background
On March 24, 1978, after an ongoing political feud, Kucinich fired his police chief of only four months, Richard Hongisto, on live local television. Capitalizing on the issue, Kucinich's opponents began circulating petitions for the mayor's recall. Kucinich's opponents faulted him for what they perceived to be an inability to compromise, as well as the youth and inexperience of some of his appointees, arguing he was incapable of governing a struggling city.


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Background
Support for recall increased as the mayor became involved in more political confrontations, especially with Cleveland City Council and its President George L. Forbes. When Council voted on April 10 to investigate the administration's "midnight raid" on the office of economic director Joseph Furber, Kucinich reacted strongly, calling Council "a bunch of buffoons" and "a group of lunatics." He added that "it's hard to believe that so many people can be so stupid," and asserted that "if they're not stupid then they are crooked, or maybe both." This led to Council members joining the recall drive against the mayor. Realizing his mistake, Kucinich offered an apology. However, on the same day, Kucinich's executive secretary Bob Weissman "assailed council and business leaders in a speech to the Harvard Business Club."


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Background
In the summer of 1978, Kucinich established special police patrols, in response to high crime in public housing projects. Police refused to obey the order, "calling the assignment 'too dangerous.'" The administration then suspended thirteen officers for their refusal to police the projects, ultimately touching off a two-day strike. It was the first official police strike in the Cleveland's history.


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Background
Kucinich also came into conflict with Council over the proposed lease of municipal-owned Dock 20 on the Cuyahoga River to the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority, which planned to construct a new ore dock with Republic Steel. Although Council supported the lease, the mayor opposed it, and at a Council meeting on July 10, he clashed with Council President Forbes over the proposal. "Stick to the issue," ordered Forbes. Kucinich responded, "Mr. Chairman, I determine the issue." "Not in this chamber," Forbes retorted.


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Background
After using three of his four minutes at the podium to argue with Forbes, Kucinich used his remaining time to voice opposition to the lease. In response, Forbes declared the mayor out of order and shut off his microphone. Infuriated, Kucinich continued to protest: "I will not be silenced, Mr. Chairman! This is a corrupt deal!"


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Background
After a statement by Councilman Lonnie Burten (mentor of future Cleveland mayor Frank G. Jackson), Council Majority Leader Basil Russo began to speak. However, the mayor and his aides stormed out of Cleveland City Hall. The action was jeered by steelworker union members who attended the session in support of the ore dock project. "Keep on going," one of them shouted. Forbes attempted to restore order. "Let's be quiet while they walk out." Although Council approved the lease afterward, Republic Steel decided to leave the city and build its dock in nearby Lorain, Ohio.


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Recall drive
The Hongisto feud and Kucinich's ongoing conflicts with Council and the police fueled the recall drive. According to the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, at first, recall petitions were "some 3,355 signatures short of the required 37,552 when first submitted in May." Proponents of the anti-Kucinich movement "had 20 more days to make up the difference, and on 1 June 5,321 additional signatures were obtained."


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Recall drive
Although Kucinich challenged the validity of the signatures, Common Pleas Judge John Angelotta ruled against him. The Court of Appeals and the Ohio Supreme Court upheld Angelotta's ruling and a recall election date was set for August 13, the first Sunday election in local history. The mayor's response was "Bring on the recall!"


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Recall drive
The Plain Dealer, The Cleveland Press, The Cleveland Call and Post, the Republican and Democratic parties, the AFL-CIO, and 24 of the 33 Council members urged the mayor's recall. Kucinich fought back with television commercials showing business leaders cutting up a cake shaped like Cleveland City Hall.


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Recall results, Polling
The results of a poll conducted by Urban Reports Corp. and Cleveland State University were published by The Cleveland Press in an article by Brent Larkin on August 1, 1978. It showed the following results:


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Recall results, Polling
The outcome of this survey demonstrated the possibility of a Kucinich victory. Notably, the majority of those surveyed had voted for Kucinich in the 1977 mayoral election. These poll results would later reflect the outcome of the recall election on August 13.


1978 Cleveland mayoral recall election, Recall results, Results
At first, the outcome of the election was uncertain. After a recount, the results were finally in. 60,014 votes were cast for recall and 60,250 against. Kucinich was able to retain his position by only 236 votes (a margin of less than 0.2 percent). He later thanked "God and the people of Cleveland for ignoring [his] imperfections and giving [his] administration another chance."


1978 Colchester Borough Council election
Elections to Colchester Borough Council were held on in 1978 alongside local elections across the United Kingdom.


1978 Colchester Borough Council election, Ward Results
19 councillors, from the same number of wards, were up for election. All percentage changes are calculated as the change in share of all previous party candidates from the 1976 election (whole council).


1978 Colgate International
The 1978 Colgate International was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at Devonshire Park in Eastbourne in the United Kingdom. The event was part of the AA category of the 1978 Colgate Series. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 19 June through 24 June 1978. Second-seeded Martina Navratilova survived a match point in the 2h12m final against first-seeded Chris Evert to win the singles title and earn $14,000 first-prize money.


1978 Colgate International, Finals, Doubles
Chris Evert /  Betty Stöve defeated  Billie Jean King /  Martina Navratilova 6–4, 6–7, 7–5


1978 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The 1978 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. In its third season under head coach Frederick Dunlap, the team compiled a 3–8 record. Doug Curtis and Dick Slenker were the team captains.


1978 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The team played its home games at Andy Kerr Stadium in Hamilton, New York.


1978 Colgate Red Raiders football team, Leading players
Three trophies were awarded to the Red Raiders' most valuable players in 1978:


1978 Colgate Series Championships
The 1978 Colgate Series Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Mission Hills Country Club in Palm Springs, California in the United States that was the season-ending tournament of the 1978 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from November 14 through November 19, 1978. Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $75,000 first-prize money.


1978 Colgate Series Championships, Finals, Doubles
Billie Jean King /  Martina Navratilova defeated  Wendy Turnbull /  Kerry Reid 6–3, 6–4


1978 Colgate-Palmolive Masters
The 1978 Masters (also known as the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Masters for sponsorship reasons) was held in Madison Square Garden, New York City, United States between 10 January and 14 January 1979. It was the year-end championship of the 1978 Grand Prix circuit tour.


1978 Colgate-Palmolive Masters, Finals, Doubles
John McEnroe /  Peter Fleming defeated  Tom Okker /  Wojtek Fibak 6-4, 6-2, 6-4.


1978 Colgate-Palmolive Masters – Doubles
Peter Fleming and John McEnroe won in the final 6–4, 6–2, 6–4 against Wojtek Fibak and Tom Okker.


1978 Colgate-Palmolive Masters – Singles
John McEnroe won in the final 6–7, 6–3, 7–5 against Arthur Ashe.


1978 Colgate-Palmolive Masters – Singles, Draw, Group A
Standings are determined by: 1) Number of wins; 2) Number of matches; 3) In two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4) In three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5) Steering Committee decision.


1978 Colgate-Palmolive Masters – Singles, Draw, Group B
Standings are determined by: 1) Number of wins; 2) Number of matches; 3) In two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4) In three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5) Steering Committee decision.


1978 College Baseball All-America Team
An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.


1978 College Baseball All-America Team
From 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.


1978 College Football All-America Team
The 1978 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1978. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes four selectors as "official" for the 1978 season.


1978 College Football All-America Team
They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA) based on the input of more than 2,000 voting members; (2) the Associated Press (AP) selected based on the votes of sports writers at AP newspapers; (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) selected by the nation's football writers; and (4) the United Press International (UPI) selected based on the votes of sports writers at UPI newspapers. Other selectors included Football News (FN), the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), The Sporting News (TSN), and the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WC).


1978 Colombian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Colombia on 26 February 1978 to elect the Senate and Chamber of Representatives. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 111 of the 199 Chamber seats and 62 of the 112 Senate seats.


1978 Colombian parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Representatives
Within Liberal ranks, lists supporting presidential pre-candidate Julio César Turbay Ayala soundly defeated lists supporting his rival for the party's nomination, former President Carlos Lleras Restrepo. Unofficial results showed about 1,441,000 votes for pro-Turbay Liberal lists and 673,000 votes for pro-Lleras Liberals. This victory confirmed Turbay's candidacy as the official Liberal candidate for the June presidential election, in which he defeated Conservative candidate Belisario Betancur.


1978 Colombian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 4 June 1978. The result was a victory for Julio César Turbay Ayala of the Liberal Party, who received 49.5% of the vote.


1978 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1978 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado at Boulder in the Big Eight Conference during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Bill Mallory, the Buffaloes were 6–5 overall and 2–5 in the Big 8.


1978 Colorado Buffaloes football team
Colorado won its first five games, all at home, but then lost five of six and Mallory was fired on November 21 by athletic director Eddie Crowder, the previous head coach. Mallory was succeeded by Chuck Fairbanks, the head coach  of the New England Patriots in the NFL and formerly at conference foe Oklahoma.


1978 Colorado State Rams football team
The 1978 Colorado State Rams football team was an American football team that represented Colorado State University in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. In its sixth season under head coach Sark Arslanian, the team compiled a 5–6 record (2–4 against WAC opponents).


1978 Colorado State Rams football team
The team's statistical leaders included Steve Fairchild with 905 passing yards, Larry Jones with 898 rushing yards, and Mark R. Bell with 459 receiving yards.


1978 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 1978 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1978. Incumbent Democrat Richard Lamm defeated Republican nominee Ted L. Strickland with 58.76% of the vote.


1978 Columbia Lions football team
The 1978 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. Columbia tied for fifth place in the Ivy League.


1978 Columbia Lions football team
In their fifth season under head coach  William Campbell, the Lions compiled a 3–5–1 record and were outscored 228 to 111. Mike McGraw and Artie Pulsinelli were the team captains.


1978 Columbia Lions football team
The Lions' 2–4–1 conference record placed them in a two-way tie for fifth place in the Ivy League standings. Columbia was outscored 159 to 90 by Ivy opponents.


1978 Columbia Lions football team
Columbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.


1978 Commonwealth Games
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada from 3 to 12 August 1978, two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics were held in Montreal, Quebec. They were boycotted by Nigeria, in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda, in protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin. The Bid Election was held at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.


1978 Commonwealth Games
This was the first Commonwealth Games where a computerised system was used to handle ticket sales.


1978 Commonwealth Games
These were the first Commonwealth Games to be named Commonwealth Games, having dropped British.


1978 Commonwealth Games, Participating teams
46 teams were represented at the 1978 Games. (Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).


1978 Comorian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in the Comoros on 1 October 1978 following the overthrow of Ali Soilih on 13 May. The new constitution created a presidential and federal republic, granting each island its own legislature and control over taxes levied on individuals and businesses resident on the island, whilst reserving strong executive powers for the president. It also restored Islam as the state religion, while acknowledging the rights of those who did not observe the Muslim faith.


1978 Comorian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Comoros on 8 and 15 December 1978, following the adoption of a new constitution in a referendum in October. All candidates ran as independents. Following the election, Salim Ben Ali was appointed Prime Minister on 22 December, and a government was formed on 28 December.


1978 Comorian legislative election, Electoral system
The election was held using the two-round system in 38 single-member constituencies; 18 on Grande Comore, 15 on Anjouan and 5 on Mohéli, each of which elected a single member.


1978 Comorian legislative election, Results
Of the 38 members elected, 35 were civil servants, two were farmers and one was a tradesman.


1978 Comorian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Comoros on 22 October 1978 following the approval of a new constitution in a referendum earlier in the month. The only candidate was Ahmed Abdallah, who had been President at the time of independence, before being ousted in a coup on 2 August 1975, then reinstated following another on 13 May 1978, since which he had held the post of "Co-Chairman of the Politico-Military Directorate of the Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros" alongside Mohamed Ahmed. He was elected unopposed.


1978 Connecticut Huskies football team
The 1978 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1978 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Huskies were led by second year head coach Walt Nadzak, and completed the season with a record of 4–7.


1978 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1978 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1978. Incumbent Democrat Ella Grasso and running mate Bill O'Neill defeated Republican nominee Ronald A. Sarasin and running mate Lewis Rome with 59.15% of the vote.


1978 Constitution of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
The 1978 Constitution of the Latvian SSR, officially the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvian: Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskās Republikas Konstitūcija (Pamatlikums); Russian: Конституция (Основной закон) Латвийской Советской Социалистической Республики, romanized: Konstitutsiya (Osnovnoy zakon) Latviyskoy Sovetskoy Sotsialisticheskoy Respubliki) was the constitution of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted on April 18, 1978 at the eighth session of the 9th Convocation of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR.


1978 Constitution of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, History
The 1978 Constitution of the Latvian SSR superseded the 1940 Constitution and was modeled after the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union, informally known as the Brezhnev Constitution. It was officially ratified and adopted on April 18, 1978. The 1978 Constitution ceased to be effective on August 21, 1991 when Latvia restored its independence. The 1978 Constitution of the Latvian SSR was replaced by the reintroduced Constitution of the Republic of Latvia on July 6, 1993.


1978 Constitution of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, History
Significant amendments to the constitution were introduced in May 1989 which designated Latvian as the state language. The constitution was further amended in July 1989. In 1990, the articles regarding the leading role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were abolished and the state symbols (flag and emblem) were changed.


1978 Constitution of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, Structure
The constitution consisted of ten sections, nineteen chapters, and 173 articles.


1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
The 1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated in 1978. This was the PRC's 3rd constitution, and was adopted at the 1st Meeting of the 5th National People's Congress on March 5, 1978, two years after the downfall of the Gang of Four.


1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
The number of articles grew from the 1975 Constitution's 30 articles to double the amount. The courts and the procurates, which were minimised or dumped altogether in the 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, were somewhat restored. A number of checks and balances present in the 1954 Constitution, including term limits for party leaders, elections and more independence in the judiciary, were restored.


1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
The 1978 Constitution was the first Constitution in the PRC to touch explicitly on the political status of Taiwan. It said that "Taiwan is part of China" and said that the PRC "must liberate Taiwan, and finish the great task of reunifying the motherland". However, in 1979, the PRC dropped the liberation stance and opted for peaceful reunification instead. Notice the usage of the word "China" in the 1978 Constitution; the 1982 Constitution mentioned that "Taiwan is a sacred part of the territory of the People's Republic of China" instead of just "China".


1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
Citizen rights were also reinstated somewhat. The right to strike was still present, although it would be removed in the 1982 Constitution. However, the required support for the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system remained as part of citizens' duties.


1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
However, the Constitution still suffered from the backdrop of the just-gone-by Cultural Revolution. Revolutionary language was still persistent (such as "Revolutionary Committees"), although the slogans were gone. The 1978 Constitution survived for four years before being superseded by the current (1982) Constitution of the People's Republic of China during the Deng Xiaoping era.


1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China
In addition to inheriting some fundamental principles from the 1954 Constitution, the 1978 Constitution officially included the Four Modernizations policy with an emphasis on socialist democracy, scientific and educational development. It also mandated in the preamble part that China must "be constructed into a great, powerful, modern socialist country in agriculture, industry, national defense, science and technology within the century".


1978 Cook Islands Round Cup
The 1978 season of the Cook Islands Round Cup was the ninth recorded season of top flight association football competition in the Cook Islands, with any results between 1951 and 1969 currently unknown. Titikaveka won the championship, their ninth recorded championship in a row.


1978 Cook Islands general election
General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 30 March 1978 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly. The result was a victory for the Cook Islands Party (CIP) of Premier Albert Henry, which won 15 of the 22 seats. The Democratic Party won the remaining seven seats.


1978 Cook Islands general election
Following the elections, the Democratic Party challenged the results, claiming Henry had used public funds to subsidise the flights, which cost around $300,000. The election of nine CIP MPs was subsequently overturned by an electoral court, allowing Democratic Party leader Tom Davis – who had lost his seat before being reinstated as a result of the ruling – to become Premier. Henry was subsequently convicted of conspiracy and misuse of public money, and later stripped of his knighthood.


1978 Cook Islands general election, Background
Elections were called six months early by Henry, hoping to capitalise on divisions in the Democratic Party during a leadership challenge. Prior to the elections, three prominent CIP members, William Estall, Raui Pokoati and Joe Williams, left the party. Williams subsequently established the Unity Party.


1978 Cook Islands general election, Background
As overseas voting was not possible, Cook Islanders had to return to the islands to vote. Special polling stations were set up at Rarotonga International Airport. Both the CIP and the Democratic Party persuaded supporters to fly from New Zealand, with six planeloads of CIP supporters travelling at a subsidised cost of $20 each, and two planeloads of Democratic Party supporters, who paid the full fare. Around 800 supporters of the CIP were transported on Ansett planes, with Democratic Party supporters travelling by Air Nauru.


1978 Cook Islands general election, Aftermath
Immediately after the elections, the electoral law was amended to prevent Cook Islanders living overseas from voting, with a requirement to have been resident for three months prior to election day introduced.


1978 Cook Islands general election, Aftermath
The results of the three Rarotonga constituencies were challenged by the Democratic Party. The petitions were heard in an electoral court presided over by Chief Justice Gaven Donne, which sat in Auckland, Rarotonga and Wellington in May and June. It was revealed that Henry had paid $290,000 for the flights for CIP supporters back to the Cook Islands to vote using a specially founded government company.


1978 Cook Islands general election, Aftermath
The votes cast by the CIP voters who flew in were annulled, resulting in eight of the CIP MLAs elected in Rarotonga losing their seats and being replaced by the losing Democratic Party candidates including Tom Davis. The result in Mitiaro, where David Tetava of the CIP was elected, was also overturned due to corrupt practices and a by-election ordered.


1978 Cook Islands general election, Aftermath
With the Democratic Party now holding a 15–6 majority in the Legislative Assembly, Davis formed a new government. He retained the portfolios of Finance and Economic Development for himself, and appointed Pupuke Robati as Deputy Premier and Minister of Health, Vincent Ingram as Minister of Justice and Police, Papamama Pokino as Minister for Supportive Services, Iaveta Short as Minister of Agriculture and Tourism, Tangata Simoiona as Minister of Education and Tangaroa Tangaroa as Minister of Internal Affairs. Titi Tetava Ariki won the subsequent by-election in Mitiaro.


1978 Copa Fraternidad
The 1978 Copa Fraternidad was the 8th edition of the Copa Fraternidad, the football competition for Central American clubs organized by UNCAF. Costa Rican club Deportivo Saprissa obtained its 3rd regional title after winning the final round.


1978 Copa Fraternidad, Second round
Apparently Saprissa, Cartaginés and Comunicaciones eliminated FAS, Barrio México and Tiquisate in a semifinal round.


1978 Copa Libertadores
The 1978 edition of Copa Libertadores was won by Boca Juniors, of Argentina for the second straight year, after defeating Deportivo Cali of Colombia in the final.


1978 Copa Libertadores, Group stage
Boca Juniors were bye to the second round as holders.


1978 Copa Libertadores Finals
The 1978 Copa Libertadores Finals was the final two-legged tie to determine the 1978 Copa Libertadores champion. It was contested by Argentine club Boca Juniors (which had entered directly to semifinals as 1977 champion) and Colombian club Deportivo Cali. The first leg of the tie was played on November 23 at Deportivo Cali' home field, with the second leg played on November 28 at Boca Juniors'. It was Deportivo Cali 1st Copa Libertadores finals and 3rd finals for Boca Juniors.


1978 Copa Libertadores Finals
Boca Juniors won the series after winning the second leg tie 4-0 at Buenos Aires's La Bombonera and accumulated more points than their opponent.


1978 Copa Libertadores Finals, Rules
The finals will be played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulates the most points —two for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss— after the two legs will be crowned the champion. If the two teams are tied on points after the second leg, a playoff in a neutral venue will become the next tie-breaker. Goal difference is going to be used as a last resort.


1978 Copa Perú
The 1978 Copa Perú season (Spanish: Copa Perú 1978), the promotion tournament of Peruvian football.


1978 Copa Perú
In this tournament after many qualification rounds, each one of the 24 departments in which Peru is politically divided, qualify a team. Those teams plus de team relegated from First Division on the last year, enter in two more rounds and finally 6 of them qualify for the Final round, staged in Lima (the capital).


1978 Copa Perú, Finalists Teams
The following list shows the teams that qualified for the Final Stage.


1978 Copa del Rey Final
The 1978 Copa del Rey Final was the 76th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 19 April 1978, being won by FC Barcelona, who beat Las Palmas 3–1.


1978 Coppa Italia Final
The 1978 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1977–78 Coppa Italia. The match was played on 8 June 1978 between Internazionale and Napoli. Internazionale won 2–1.


1978 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1978 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 5 February 1978.


1978 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
On 13 August 1978, Midleton won the championship following a 1–12 to 1–10 defeat of Newtownshandrum in the final at Páirc Mac Gearailt. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1962.


1978 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1978 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 90th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 9 April 1978 and ended on 17 September 1978. It was the first championship to use a group stage format followed by a knockout phase.


1978 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 17 September 1978, Nemo Rangers won the championship following a 1-09 to 1-03 defeat of St Michael's in the final. This was their fifth championship title overall and their second title in succession. It was the first time that two teams had qualified for the final having earlier lost a match. St. Michael's became the first team since Fermoy in 1944 to lose three finals in-a-row.


1978 Cork Senior Football Championship
Nemo's Dinny Allen was the championship's top scorer with 2-36.


1978 Cork Senior Football Championship, Format change
Since its inception in 1887 the championship had been played on a straight knock-out basis. If any team was defeated at any stage it meant automatic elimination. This system was deemed the fairest as the county champions would always be the team who won all of their games. There were some problems with this system and a special committee was established to examine the standard of competing teams. At the County Convention on 5 February 1978, delegates voted by 138 to 83 in favour of changing the format of the championship. The new format incorporated a group stage involving four different divisions followed by a knockout stage.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 90th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 6 April 1978 and ended on 22 October 1978.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
St. Finbarr's were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Glen Rovers in the semi-final stage.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 22 October 1978, Blackrock won the championship title following a 4-12 to 1-7 defeat of Glen Rovers in the final. This was their 27th championship title overall and their fourth in seven years.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
Bandon's Pádraig Crowley was the championship's top scorer with 1-25.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship, Format change, Overview
Since its inception in 1887 the championship had been played on a straight knock-out basis. If any team was defeated at any stage it meant automatic elimination. This system was deemed the fairest as the county champions would always be the team who won all of their games. There were some problems with this system and a special committee was established to examine the standard of competing teams. At the County Convention on 5 February 1978, delegates voted by 143 to 93 in favour of changing the format of the championship.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship, Format change, New format
Section one comprised the five top-graded club teams. They met each other on a league basis. The two teams to top the league table qualified for the championship semi-finals and each were included on a separate side of the draw. The third team in the section qualified for the championship quarter-final.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship, Format change, New format
Section two comprised the five remaining club teams. They also met each other on a league basis. The two teams to top the league table qualified for the championship quarter-finals.


1978 Cork Senior Hurling Championship, Format change, New format
Section three comprised all the divisional and college teams. They played off on a knock-out basis with the winners of the section qualifying for the championship quarter-finals.


1978 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1978 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. Cornell finished in fourth place in the Ivy League.


1978 Cornell Big Red football team
In its second season under head coach Bob Blackman, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record and outscored opponents 188 to 154. Team captains were Mike Donahue and Dave Kintigh.


1978 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell's 3–3–1 conference record placed fourth in the Ivy League standings. The Big Red outscored Ivy opponents 143 to 142.


1978 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.


1978 Costa Rican general election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 5 February 1978. Rodrigo Carazo Odio of the Unity Coalition won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.3%.


1978 Costa Rican general election
Carazo, a former congressman and former member of the National Liberation Party (probably Costa Rica's main political force), left the party several years before and created his own: Democratic Renovation, but a deeply split opposition on the 1974 election caused PLN's easy victory. With that in mind, main leaders of the non-Marxist opposition started talks in order to present a unified candidature.


1978 Costa Rican general election
Eventually these talks came through and the main parties in the opposition at the right of the government achieved an agreement; going into a primary election to choose the common nominee. Rodrigo Carazo faced wealthy industrial Miguel Barzuna winning by small margin. Even when some leaders left the coalition after this (most notably Jorge Gonzalez Marten from the National Independent Party and former president Mario Echandi) most of the leadership remained united.


1978 Costa Rican general election
The Unity Coalition was created out of the joining of four parties: Carazo's Democratic Renovation, former president José Joaquín Trejos’ People's Union, Rafael Calderón Fournier (son of Calderonist leader Rafael Calderón Guardia) Republican Party and Dr. Jorge Arturo Monge's Christian Democratic Party (the smallest one of the coalition but the most ideologically coherent).


1978 Costa Rican general election
The Left also made a coalition; the three main far-left parties at the Left of PLN; Popular Vanguard, Costa Rican Socialist Party and Revolutionary People's Movement made the United People coalition, nominating former PLN member and doctor Rodrigo Gutierrez. Gutierrez had no possibilities to be president but the coalition did help the Left having a higher voting than usual and a large group in Congress. For many historians this election marks the beginning of Costa Rica's two-party system.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1978 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 42nd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Monday, January 2. Part of the 1977–78 bowl game season, it matched the top-ranked and undefeated Texas Longhorns of the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the #5 Notre Dame Fighting Irish, an independent. A record crowd of 76,701 turned up to see the coronation of the Longhorns championship season, but Notre Dame surprisingly won as they dominated the Longhorns 38–10.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic
New Year's Day was on Sunday in 1978, and the major college bowl games were played the following day.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Notre Dame
Fifth-ranked Notre Dame entered the game at 10–1. In September, they were upset by Mississippi in Jackson, but had won all nine games since.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Texas
Texas had won all eleven games; the closest margins were in October against Oklahoma and Arkansas.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Televised by CBS, the game kicked off at around 1 p.m. CST, as did the Sugar Bowl on ABC.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Heisman Trophy winner Earl Campbell of Texas gained 116 yards on 29 carries, but was kept out of the end zone. Tied at three after the first quarter, the Irish scored three touchdowns in eight minutes to lead 24–3; Texas finally got in the end zone late in the second quarter to narrow the lead to fourteen points at halftime. Notre Dame then shut out the Longhorns in the second half while scoring two more touchdowns.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
The 28-point loss by the Longhorns resulted in complete chaos in the final polls, with Notre Dame vaulting past #3 Alabama to win the national championship.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath
Texas' loss opened the door to the national championship for several teams: second-ranked Oklahoma was soundly beaten 31–6 by #6 Arkansas in the Orange Bowl nightcap, and in between, fourth-ranked Michigan fell 27–20 to #13 Washington in the Rose Bowl. That left third-ranked Alabama and #5 Notre Dame as the primary teams for the title.


1978 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath
Alabama felt that with their convincing 35–6 win over #9 Ohio State in the Sugar Bowl, they would be champions due to the losses by Texas and Oklahoma, but the pollsters saw it differently. Notre Dame was voted number one in every poll. Perhaps the rout by fellow SWC member Arkansas in the Orange Bowl made the difference as it made Notre Dame's victory over Texas (who had won  at Arkansas in mid-October) even more impressive.


1978 County Championship
The 1978 Schweppes County Championship was the 79th officially organised running of the County Championship. Kent won the Championship title. Sussex and Glamorgan were both deducted six points after a breach of regulations. The Championship was sponsored by Schweppes for the first time.


1978 Coupe de France Final
The 1978 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Parc des Princes, Paris on May 13, 1978, that saw AS Nancy defeat OGC Nice 1–0 thanks to a goal by Michel Platini.


1978 Crispa Redmanizers season
The 1978 Crispa Redmanizers season was the fourth season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Known as Crispa 400s starting the 2nd conference.


1978 Crispa Redmanizers season, Colors
Crispa Redmanizers (All-Filipino Conference)      (dark)      (light)Crispa 400 (Open and Invitational Conferences)      (dark)      (light)


1978 Crispa Redmanizers season, Finals stint
Crispa stood firm to defend its last crown in the Open Conference with the All-Filipino unsuccessfully defended when they surprisingly faltered in the second round of the semifinals and were ousted by arch rival Toyota.


1978 Crispa Redmanizers season, Finals stint
Coach Baby Dalupan personally choose 6-11's Ansley Truitt and Paul Mills for their two imports. U-Tex and Crispa advanced to the semifinals without much difficulty and placed first and second after the semifinal round to enter into the championship. Unlike their last year's confrontation, the 400s were underdog for the first time in the title series and matched against the Wranglers' triumvirate of Glenn McDonald, Byron "Snake" Jones and Lim Eng Beng. Crispa were swept in three games by U-Tex.


1978 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
The 1978 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré was the 30th edition of the cycle race and was held from 29 May to 5 June 1978. The race started in Thonon-les-Bains and finished in Carpentras. The race was won by Michel Pollentier of the Flandria team.


1978 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Teams
Ten teams, containing a total of 100 riders, participated in the race:


1978 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season
The 1978 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season was the 12th in the club's history. They competed in the NSWRFL's 1978 Premiership and finished 2nd (out of 15). They then went on to reach the grand final against Manly-Warringah, which had to be replayed and was ultimately lost. The Sharks also competed in the 1978 Amco Cup.


1978 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season
For the end of season 1978 Kangaroo tour, Greg Pierce, who captained City and New South Wales during the season, was selected as vice captain. Steve Kneen and Steve Rogers also went on the tour.


1978 Crossmaglen ambush
On 21 December 1978, three British soldiers were shot dead when the Provisional IRA's South Armagh Brigade ambushed an eight-man British Army foot patrol in Crossmaglen, County Armagh, Northern Ireland.


1978 Crossmaglen ambush, Background
Since the Troubles began, the South Armagh area—especially around Crossmaglen and other similar republican strongholds—was one of the most dangerous places for the British security forces, and the IRA's South Armagh brigade carried out numerous ambushes on the British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). This included the 1975 Drummuckavall ambush and the 1978 downing of a British Army Gazelle helicopter which led to the death of one British soldier and four others being seriously injured.


1978 Crossmaglen ambush, Background
A number of British security force members had been killed in Crossmaglen during 1978. On 4 March, Nicholas Smith (20), 7 Platoon, B Company, 2 Royal Green Jackets, was killed by an IRA booby trap bomb while attempting to remove an Irish flag from a telegraph pole in Crossmaglen. On 17 June, William Turbitt (42) and Hugh McConnell (32), both Protestant RUC officers, were shot by the IRA while on mobile patrol near Crossmaglen. McConnell was killed at the scene, but Turbitt was kidnapped. The next day, a Catholic priest, Fr. Hugh Murphy, was kidnapped in retaliation but later released after appeals from Protestant clergy. The body of Turbitt was found on 10 July 1978.


1978 Crossmaglen ambush, Ambush
When the patrol was near Rio's Bar in Crossmaglen coming around a bend, a red Royal Mail-type van was spotted by the patrol's commander, Sergeant Richard Garmory. The van was fitted with armour plating and was facing away from the patrol, which Garmory believed to be in a suspicious place on the other side of the street.


1978 Crossmaglen ambush, Ambush
Just as Garmory noticed what looked like boxes in the back of the van (it was sand bag covering for the IRA) IRA volunteers opened fire from the back of the van with an M60 machine gun  which was fitted to the van's floor. Four other IRA volunteers armed with AR-15 ArmaLite rifles and an AK47 opened fire on the patrol and the British soldiers returned fire but did not claim any hits. A handful of Christmas shoppers scrambled for cover. Three soldiers at the front of the patrol were fatally wounded. They were treated by staff at a nearby health centre and then taken to Musgrave Park Hospital, but were declared dead on arrival. The soldiers killed were Graham Duggan (22), Kevin Johnson (20) and Glen Ling (18). All were members of the Grenadier Guards regiment.


1978 Croydon London Borough Council election
The 1978 Croydon Council election took place on 4 May 1978 to elect members of Croydon London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1978 Croydon London Borough Council election, Background
This was the first election to Croydon Council since 1974. This was the first election fought on new boundaries, and the first without Aldermen, increasing the total number of Councillors from 60 to 70.


1978 Cupa României Final
The 1978 Cupa României Final was the 40th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Universitatea Craiova and Olimpia Satu Mare, and was won by Universitatea Craiova after a game with 4 goals. It was the second cup for Universitatea Craiova.


1978 Currie Cup
The 1978 Currie Cup was the 40th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier annual domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.


1978 Currie Cup
The tournament was won by  Northern Transvaal for the tenth time; they beat  Free State 13–9 in the final in Bloemfontein.


1978 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships
The 1978 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia and was part of the 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. The tournament was held from 16 October through 22 October 1978. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title.


1978 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships, Finals, Doubles
John Newcombe /  Tony Roche defeated  Mark Edmondson /  John Marks 6–4, 6–3


1978 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships – Doubles
John Newcombe and Tony Roche were the defending champions and won in the final 6–4, 6–3 against Mark Edmondson and John Marks.


1978 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships – Singles
Jimmy Connors was the defending champion and won in the final 6–0, 6–0, 6–4 against Geoff Masters.


1978 Cypriot presidential election
Presidential elections were due to be held in Cyprus in February 1978. However, after Vassos Lyssarides of the Movement for Social Democracy announced on 8 January that he would not stand as a candidate, acting President Spyros Kyprianou (who had held office since the death of Makarios III in August 1977) was left as the only remaining candidate. Kyprianou officially became President on 26 January.


1978 Czechoslovak motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1978 Czechoslovak motorcycle Grand Prix was the twelfth round of the 1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 27 August 1978 at the Brno circuit.


1978 DFB-Pokal Final
The 1978 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1977–78 DFB-Pokal, the 35th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 15 April 1978 at the Parkstadion in Gelsenkirchen. 1. FC Köln won the match 2–0 against Fortuna Düsseldorf, to claim their 3rd cup title.


1978 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
The DFB-Pokal began with 128 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of six rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a penalty shoot-out was used to determine the winner.


1978 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).


1978 Dallas Cowboys season
The 1978 Dallas Cowboys season was their 19th in the NFL. For the third consecutive season, the Cowboys finished in first place in the NFC East. The Cowboys scored 384 points, which ranked first in the league, while the defense only gave up 208 points, 3rd best in the league. Twice, the Cowboys appeared on Monday Night Football.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season
The Cowboys became the first franchise to appear in five Super Bowls. With their loss to Pittsburgh in Super Bowl XIII, they also became the first team to lose a Super Bowl after having won it the previous year.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
The defending Super Bowl champions were again led by quarterback Roger Staubach. Staubach finished the season as the top rated passer in the NFL (84.9) by throwing 231 out of 413 completions for 3,190 yards and 25 touchdowns, with 16 interceptions. He also rushed for 182 yards and another touchdown. Wide receivers Drew Pearson and Tony Hill provided the deep passing threats, combining for 90 receptions, 537 yards, and 7 touchdowns. Tight end Billy Joe Dupree contributed 34 receptions for 509 yards and 9 touchdowns.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
Running back Tony Dorsett had another fine season, recording a total of 1703 combined rushing and receiving yards, and scoring a total of 9 touchdowns. Fullback Robert Newhouse and halfback Preston Pearson also contributed from the offensive backfield, combining for 1,326 rushing and receiving yards, while Newhouse also scored 10 touchdowns. The Cowboys also had a superb offensive line, led by Herbert Scott and 12-time Pro Bowler Rayfield Wright


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
The Cowboys' "Doomsday Defense" finished the season as the top-ranked defense in the league against the run by only allowing 107.6 yards per game. Pro Bowl linemen Ed "Too Tall" Jones, Harvey Martin and Randy White anchored the line, while linebackers Bob Breunig, D. D. Lewis and Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson provided solid support. Their secondary, led by safeties Cliff Harris and Charlie Waters, along with cornerbacks Benny Barnes and Aaron Kyle, combined for 16 interceptions.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
The Cowboys started the regular season slowly, winning only six of their first ten games. Both the offense and the defense played ineffectively, including giving up interceptions and fumbles. Dallas finished strong, winning their last six regular season games to post a 12–4 record.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
In the aftermath of the season, NFL Films produced its annual highlight reel as it does for every NFL team. Notable of the highlight reel was the title "America's Team". It would come to be a label that would define the Dallas Cowboys for the rest of their history. However, the label is most remembered for the Cowboys of this era, appearing in three Super Bowls in four years and claiming a unique spotlight in the American consciousness.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Game notes, Week 3
The week-3 contest between the Rams and Cowboys was a hard-fought early season match-up between two rivals who hated each other. Twice the Rams led by a touchdown during the game, only to have the Cowboys come back to even up the score. With the game tied at 14–14 in the 4th quarter, QB-Pat Haden connected with WR-Willie Miller for a 43-yard touchdown reception to increase the Rams lead by 6-points. But, after the Rams FG-kicker (Frank Corral) missed the easy extra point the score remained 20–14, leaving the Rams desperately clinging to a 6-point lead against a Cowboys team well known for pulling-out close games late in the 4th-quarter.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Game notes, Week 3
However, the Rams defense abruptly put an end to the Cowboys hopes of engineering another last minute victory after DB-Rod Perry intercepted a pass from QB-Roger Staubach and returned it for a 43-yrd TD to secure the Rams 27–14 victory. In response to Perry's game winning interception return, over 65,000 fans that filled Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum that day simultaneously erupted into a bedlam of deafening cheers.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Game notes, Week 3
Then, what started off as an extremely raucous celebration soon developed into jeering and taunting of the Cowboys during the last few minutes of the game, by both the fans and quite a few of the Rams players too. This provoked a very rare angry response from Staubach, who was seen pointing his finger at the boisterous Rams players on the sideline, telling them that the Cowboys "will get them" the next time they meet each other.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Postseason, NFC Divisional Playoff
Dallas' "Doomsday Defense" limited Atlanta quarterback Steve Bartkowski to only 8 completions in 23 attempts and intercepted him 3 times en route to victory. After the Falcons led 20–13 at halftime, the Cowboys scored 14 unanswered points in the second half.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Postseason, Super Bowl XIII
Super Bowl XIII can arguably be called the greatest collection of NFL talent ever to gather for a game. In additions to Coaches Noll and Landry, 16 players would go on to enshrinement in the Hall of Fame: 9 from Pittsburgh (Bradshaw, Harris, Swann, Stallworth, Webster, Greene, Lambert, Ham, and Blount), and 7 from Dallas (Staubach, Dorsett, Drew Pearson, Randy White, Rayfield Wright, Cliff Harris and Jackie Smith).


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Postseason, Super Bowl XIII
Much of the pregame hype surrounding Super Bowl XIII centered around Cowboys linebacker Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson. Henderson caused quite a stir before the NFC Championship Game by claiming that the Rams had "no class" and the Cowboys would shut them out. His prediction turned out to be very accurate; the Cowboys did shut them out, aided by Henderson's 68-yard interception return for a touchdown.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Postseason, Super Bowl XIII
In the days leading up the Super Bowl, Henderson began talking about the Steelers in the same manner. He predicted another shutout and then made unfriendly comments about several Pittsburgh players. He put down the talent and the intelligence of Bradshaw, proclaiming "Bradshaw couldn't spell 'cat' if you spotted him the 'c' and the 'a'". But the Steelers refused to get into a war of words with Henderson. Greene responded by saying the Steelers didn't need to say they were the best, they would just go out on the field and "get the job done".


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
There was a lot of bitter feelings between the Dallas Cowboys and the LA Rams prior to their '78 NFC Championship contest. Both the Cowboys and Vikings shared a common recent history of eliminating the LA Rams from the playoffs the last 5-seasons in a row. Consigning the Rams to being labeled, "next year's champions" for most of the 1970s. So, when the undefeated (2-0) Cowboys traveled to Los Angeles to play the undefeated (2-0) Rams during week-3 of the 1978 regular season, the Rams were looking for blood.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
Not only did the Rams want to beat the Cowboys for a measure of revenge and early bragging rights, but they could use a victory over last year's Super Bowl champions to make a statement to the media and the rest of the league, "That 1978 was the year the Rams finally win a championship".


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
The week-3 contest between the Rams and Cowboys was a hard-fought early season match-up between two rivals who hated each other. Twice the Rams led by a touchdown only to have the Cowboys come back to even the score. With the game tied at 14–14 in the 4th quarter, QB-Pat Haden connected with WR-Willie Miller for a 43-yard touchdown reception to increase the Rams lead by 6-points. But, after the Rams FG-kicker (Frank Corral) missed the easy extra point the score remained 20–14, leaving the Rams desperately clinging to a 6-point lead against a Cowboys team well known for pulling-out close games late in the 4th-quarter.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
However, the Rams defense abruptly put an end to the Cowboys hopes of engineering another last minute victory after DB-Rod Perry intercepted a pass from QB-Roger Staubach and returned it for a 43-yrd TD to secure the Rams 27–14 victory. In response to Perry's game winning interception return, over 65,000 fans that filled Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum that day simultaneously erupted into a bedlam of deafening cheers.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
Then, what started off as an extremely raucous celebration soon developed into jeering and taunting of the Cowboys during the last few minutes of the game, by both the fans and quite a few of the Rams players too. This provoked a very rare angry response from Staubach, who was seen pointing his finger at the boisterous Rams players on the sideline, telling them that the Cowboys "will get them" the next time they meet each other.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
The Cowboys returned to Los Angeles later that same season to play for the NFC Championship against the #1 seeded Rams. Both teams entered the playoffs with a 12-4 regular season record. Both teams defeated their first round opponents at home, which included a Rams 34-10 blowout over their other playoff nemesis, the Minnesota Vikings.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
And, as a result of that emotionally charged week-3 loss to the Rams, the Cowboys had to win the NFC Championship at the Coliseum in front of 67,470 hostile LA fans to earn a return trip to the Super Bowl to face the Pittsburgh Steelers, who had already won the AFC Championship against the Houston Oilers earlier that same day.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
The stage was set for an epic NFC Championship match, and fueling the already combustible tensions was Cowboys LB-Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson. Earlier in the week, the national (and international) media had descended upon Thomas Henderson the day after the Cowboys' 27-20 1st round playoff victory over the Atlanta Falcons. Thomas was more than eager to feed them some controversial meat to chew on. Thomas began the week by suggesting that the reason the Rams never went to a Super Bowl was because they had "no class" as a team and organization. Thomas later claimed the Rams are a team of chokers, and the Rams were going to choke again in their upcoming game against the Cowboys.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
The much anticipated NFC Championship game between the Rams and Cowboys began as a scoreless defensive struggle for nearly three quarters of play, which included Rams kicker Frank Corral missing two field goal attempts in the first half. However, Dallas eventually broke the scoreless match wide open late in the 3rd-quarter after forcing five 2nd-half turnovers that would eventually lead to a 28-point victory for the Cowboys. Earning them the opportunity to defend their NFL championship in Super Bowl XIII.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
As usual, the Rams defense proved to be a tough nut to crack for the Cowboys offense, but, it all began to go horribly wrong for the Rams after Dallas safety Charlie Waters intercepted a pass and returned it to the Rams 10-yard line with 1:52 left in the 3rd-quarter. Five plays later, RB-Tony Dorsett (who finished the game with 101 rushing yards) scored on a 5-yard touchdown run to give the Cowboys a 7–0 lead.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
On the Rams next possession, Charlie Waters snatched his 2nd interception of the game, which quickly set-up Staubach's 4-yard TD pass to FB-Scott Laidlaw, making it a 14-0 contest early in the 4th quarter. On the play that Rams QB-Pat Haden threw his 2nd interception, Haden's passing hand collided with DT-Randy White's helmet as he released the ball. Resulting in a broken right thumb and sidelining Haden for the rest of the game.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
With 8:30 left in the 4th-quarter and the Rams still down 14–0, backup QB-Vince Ferragamo hit WR-Willie Miller along the sideline for a 65-yard pass, giving the Rams a 1st-down on the Cowboys 10-yard line and a chance to get back in the game. However, on a 1st-and-goal the Rams RB-Cullen Bryant fumbled the handoff and DE-Harvey Martin quickly recovered the ball at the 11-yard line. From there, the Cowboys marched 89-yards to score their 3rd offensive touchdown which featured a 53-yard run by Tony Dorsett, that eventually set-up an 11-yard TD reception from Staubach to TE-Billy Joe Dupree.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
With the Cowboys sitting comfortably on top a 21–0 lead late in the 4th quarter, the CBS cameras panned over to Thomas Henderson standing on the sideline with their TV microphone on. Seizing the opportunity, Thomas looked directly at the camera and told the several million viewers, "It's 21-0, the Rams are choking, and I ain't through yet.". On the very next Rams possession, Thomas Henderson intercepted Ferragamo's pass along the sideline with 1:19 left in the game and returned it 68-yards for the final touchdown. While the touchdown interception return, and prior comments may have impressed millions of viewers, it was Henderson's celebratory football finger roll over the goal post that angered many others.


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
Henderson's TD celebration was later deemed by the media as "adding insult to injury", which amused Henderson and the millions of Cowboys fans worldwide. However, it also increased the huge divide between those who were already fans of the Cowboys and the people who hated them. With the win over the Rams the Cowboys advanced to the Super Bowl for the third time in four years to play a rematch of Super Bowl X against the Pittsburgh Steelers that would ultimately determine "The Team of the Decade".


1978 Dallas Cowboys season, Season recap
Thomas Henderson's "controversial" comments before and during the NFC Championship game accelerated his already skyrocketing "Hollywood" persona into that of a pop-cultural phenomenon. Thomas Henderson was later featured on the cover of Time Magazine the week before the Super Bowl, and NBC anointed Henderson the "Muhammad Ali of the NFL" during the pre-game player introductions for Super Bowl XIII. ABC-TV decided to jump on the "Hollywood" Henderson band wagon by inviting him to compete on their popular annual Superstars competition immediately following the 28–0 victory over the Rams.


1978 Danish 1st Division, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Vejle Boldklub won the championship.


1978 Danish electoral age referendum
A referendum on lowering the voting age from 20 to 18 was held in Denmark on 19 September 1978. It was held after the Danish government lowering the age of majority from 20 to 18 in 1976. The change was approved by 53.8% of voters with a turnout of 63.2%. The electoral age had previously been lowered from 21 to 20 in a 1971 referendum, after a 1969 referendum had rejected lowering the electoral age to 18.


1978 Danish local elections
The Danish local elections of 1978 were held on 7 March 1978. 4759 municipal council members were elected to the 1 April 1978 - 31 December 1981 term of office in the 275 municipalities, as well as members of the 14 counties of Denmark. The municipal and county councils began their term of office 1 April 1978 and it ended 31 December 1981. This was the last election that followed the old financial year 1 April - 31 March in the public sector. From 1 January 1979 the financial year in the public sector followed the calendar year 1 January - 31 December.


1978 Dartmouth Big Green football team
The 1978 Dartmouth Big Green football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College during the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Big Green won the Ivy League for their fifth conference title of the 1970s.


1978 Dartmouth Big Green football team
In its first season under head coach Joe Yukica, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents 187 to 159. Eugene “Buddy” Teevens and Joseph Nastri were the team captains.


1978 Dartmouth Big Green football team
The Big Green's 6–1 conference was the best in the Ivy League standings. Dartmouth outscored Ivy opponents 170 to 104.


1978 Dartmouth Big Green football team
Dartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1978 Davis Cup
The 1978 Davis Cup was the 67th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 50 teams entered the competition, 29 in the Europe Zone, 10 in the Americas Zone, and 11 in the Eastern Zone.


1978 Davis Cup
The United States defeated Chile in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, Australia defeated New Zealand in the Eastern Zone final, and Great Britain and Sweden were the winners of the two Europe Zones, defeating Czechoslovakia and Hungary respectively.


1978 Davis Cup
In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated Sweden and Great Britain defeated Australia in the semifinals. The United States then defeated Great Britain in the final to win their 25th title overall and their first since 1972. The final was held at the Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California, United States on 8–10 December.


1978 Davis Cup, Political controversy
The competition was significantly marked by political issues: Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, and the Caribbean/West Indies all withdrew from the North & Central America Zone due to the continued presence of South Africa in the competition, despite continued international condemnation of their government's apartheid policies.


1978 Davis Cup, Political controversy
The North & Central America Zone final between the United States and South Africa, held at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, attracted crowds of up to 5,000 protesters each day, and efforts by the South African side to appease critics by nominating Peter Lamb as its first "coloured" player were derided by some as tokenism, given he did not actually play during the tie and was a student enrolled at Vanderbilt University at the time of the tournament.


1978 Davis Cup, Political controversy
The Soviet Union continued to be barred for competing following its refusal to compete against Chile in the 1976 semifinals and its promised refusal to compete against South Africa.


1978 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1978 Davis Cup.


1978 Davis Cup Americas Zone
10 teams entered the Americas Zone in total, with 3 teams entering the North & Central America Zone and 8 teams entering the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone advanced to the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.


1978 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The United States defeated South Africa in the North & Central America Zone final, and Chile defeated Argentina in the South America Zone final. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final the United States defeated Chile and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1978 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The North & Central America Zone was marked by a number of incidents related to the continued presence of South Africa team. Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, and the Caribbean/West Indies teams all withdrew from the competition, and large scale protests accompanied the final between the United States and South Africa at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. In an effort to appease its critics, South Africa named Peter Lamb as one of the six members of its team, as its first-ever "coloured" player. However, Lamb did not play, and his inclusion in the squad was derided as tokenism. Crowds of up to 5000 turned out in protest.


1978 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1978 Davis Cup.


1978 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
11 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with 7 teams competing in the preliminary round to join the previous year's semifinalists in the main draw. India and Indonesia received byes into the quarterfinals, while Australia and New Zealand received byes into the semifinals. The winner of the main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Europe Zone.


1978 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
Australia defeated New Zealand in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1978 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1978 Davis Cup.


1978 Davis Cup Europe Zone
29 teams entered the Europe Zone, competing across 2 sub-zones. 25 teams entered the competition in the qualifying round, competing for 4 places in each sub-zone's main draw to join the 4 finalists from the 1977 Europe Zone. The winners of each sub-zone's main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Eastern Zone.


1978 Davis Cup Europe Zone
Great Britain defeated Czechoslovakia in the Zone A final, and Sweden defeated Hungary in the Zone B final, resulting in both Great Britain and Sweden progressing to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1978 Daytona 500
The 1978 Daytona 500, the 20th running of the event, was the second race of the 1978 NASCAR Winston Cup season. It was held on February 19 at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. Defending winner Cale Yarborough won the pole and Bobby Allison won the race.


1978 Daytona 500, Race report
The race began with Richard Petty, who brought a brand new Dodge Magnum to the race, leading early. Starting in sixth place, Petty quickly went out in front and led 32 out of the first 60 laps, all under green. The first 60 laps were run at an average speed of nearly 180 mph. But on the lap 61, Petty cut a left rear tire and spun out, collecting long-time rival David Pearson and Darrell Waltrip.


1978 Daytona 500, Race report
Track conditions were very "green" that day, due to heavy rains during the week. Just after the restart on lap 70, Parsons blew a left rear tire and spun out. Behind him, 1972 race winner A. J. Foyt was caught up and flipped several times in the turn 1 infield. That left the race to three drivers, 1977 race winner and polesitter Cale Yarborough,Buddy Baker and Bobby Allison, who entered the race with a 67-race winless streak. Yarborough dropped out with engine problems. With 11 laps remaining, Baker, dueling with Allison, suffered an engine failure. Allison drove his Bud Moore Ford Thunderbird around Baker to take the lead and capture his first Daytona 500 win.


1978 Daytona 500, Race report
It was the lowest starting position (33rd) that a driver had won the event, until 2007 when Kevin Harvick started one spot further back than Allison. 1978 would be final year for the AMC Matador with Jocko Maggiacomo's entry. First Daytona 500 starts for Bill Elliott, Blackie Wangerin, Morgan Shepherd, and Harry Gant. Only Daytona 500 starts for Roger Hamby, Roland Wlodyka, Jerry Jolly, Claude Ballot-Léna, and Al Holbert. Last Daytona 500 starts for Ron Hutcherson, Ferrel Harris, Skip Manning, Dick May, Jimmy Lee Capps, and Joe Mihalic.


1978 Daytona 500, Race report
Denver racer Jerry Jolly made his NASCAR Winston Cup debut and finished 20th, his best in the series. This would be the only one of his five Winston Cup starts where he was running at the finish. This was done in spite of a cut tire on the 92nd lap that started a four-car incident that also involved the cars of Cecil Gordon, Jimmy Lee Capps, and Tighe Scott. All four were running at the finish of a race that had a remarkably low amount of attrition for a race of that era. Only 14 of the 41 cars that started failed to make it to the finish, with a high percentage of those who failed to make it to the finish being some of the sport's top drivers.


1978 Daytona 500, Race report
Last Daytona 500 until the 2019 Daytona 500 without an Earnhardt in the field.


1978 Daytona 500, Race report
Notable crew chiefs who participated in this race included Darrell Bryant, Junie Donlavey, Jake Elder, Joey Arrington, Herb Nab, Dale Inman, Bud Moore and Harry Hyde.


1978 December
1978 December is the fifth studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Sonia Leigh. It was her first album on Southern Ground and was released on September 27, 2011. The first single off the album was "My Name Is Money," which Juli Thanki of Engine 145 gave a "thumbs up."


1978 December, Track listing
All songs written by Sonia Leigh; "I Won't Tell" and "Roamin'" co-written by Zac Brown.


1978 December, Notes
In 2010, Bar was covered by Zac Brown Band although she was featured on there. It is evidenced on the track listing of Pass the Jar: Zac Brown Band and Friends Live from the Fabulous Fox Theatre In Atlanta.


1978 Delaware 500
The 1978 Delaware 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on September 17, 1978, at Dover Downs International Speedway (now Dover International Speedway) in Dover, Delaware.


1978 Delaware 500
By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power any more.