1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
In the absence of other manufacturers, it was Guy Ligier who would be Gulf's biggest competition. Suffering from the effects of the economic downturn, Ligier realised he would not have sufficient cars built to get Group 4 homologation. Having purchased the facilities of the defunct Matra Sport at the end of 1974, Ligier was preparing to enter Formula One. With the services of Matra's engineer Gérard Ducarouge and ace driver Henri Pescarolo he also adapted his JS2 cars to carry the Cosworth DFV engine (detuned to about 410 bhp) and Hewland gearboxes.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
However, being about 10% heavier than the Gulfs meant the Ligiers were slightly slower in a straight line. For the race, regular drivers François Migault and Jean-Louis Lafosse were split: Migault drove with Pescarolo, while Lafosse teamed up with Ligier-regular Guy Chasseuil. As a late entry, the team also ran a 320 bhp Maserati-engined version for two other former Matra drivers, Jean-Pierre Beltoise and Jean-Pierre Jarier.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Meanwhile, in the World Championship, it had been the five-year old, 360 bhp Porsche 908/03 of Joest Racing taking the battle to Willi Kauhsen's Alfa Romeos. Norbert Singer, Porsche works engineer, was seconded to the team and gave the car a longtail chassis. Team-owner Reinhold Joest drove with Mario Casoni and Jürgen Barth. British privateer Alain de Cadenet arrived with a new car – a Lola T380 fitted with a Cosworth DFV capable of 400 bhp by engine-specialist John Nicholson. Despite this the chassis was very new, and nearly 40 kp/h slower on the straights than the Gulfs and Ligiers.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
It was driven by regular racing duo of de Cadenet with Chris Craft. Swiss privateer Heinz Schulthess likewise entered a new Lola-Cosworth T284, tuned by another engine-specialist, compatriot Heini Mader. Shin Kato returned with his latest Sigma model, the MC-75, that was now powered by a 1.6-litre Toyota turbo engine which put it in the 3-litre class because of the x1.4 equivalency factor for turbo engines (in sports car racing, the factor in Formula 1 was x2.0).


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
The fuel-economy regulations now made S-2000 class a lot more competitive. Renault Sport had won the inaugural 1973 World Rally Championship, and was now focused on Sports-car racing. Along with its subsidiary companies Gordini (engines) and Alpine (chassis) had been working on a new sports car. For 1975, the new turbo-powered A442 made an immediate impression beating the Alfa Romeos at Mugello. However their cars were very new and proved fast but unreliable. The works team did not enter, however a non-turbo, A441 arrived in the colours of Elf Switzerland for the all-female team of Marie-Claude Beaumont and Lella Lombardi.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
It was the first Alpine to race at Le mans for six years. André Moynet, French war hero, politician and amateur racer, had been building his own sports car, based on a Chappe et Gesselin chassis with a 2-litre Simca-JRD engine and Porsche transmission. He gained sponsorship from Elf's competitor Esso-France, who suggested also compiling an all-female driving team. Moynet hired Michèle Mouton, Christine Dacremont and Marianne Hoepfner for his car.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
The strong showing by the new 2-litre Simca-ROC engines in the 1974 race saw five cars with Fred Stadler's engine including three Lolas of his own team.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
In lieu of the works team, Ferrari was represented primarily by the North American Racing Team (NART) bringing four different cars in three categories. The 308 special returned in Group 5, and a regular 365 GTB/4 for Ronnie Bucknum/Carlo Facetti in Group 4. The other two were entered in the new GTX category: a new 365 Berlinetta Boxer and a 365 Daytona spyder.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
The Group 4 Special GT class was dominated by the Porsche RSR teams. This year's most successful team - Georg Loos’ Gelo Racing - had three cars entered, for John Fitzpatrick (the current European GT champion)/Gijs van Lennep, Tim Schenken / Howden Ganley and Toine Hezemans/Manfred Schurti. Their main competition came from their compatriot Kremer Racing and Tebernum teams (supported by Joest Racing), the Swiss Porsche Club Romand, Spanish Escuderia Montjuïch along with the local French ASA Cachia-Bondy team and owner-engineers Robert Buchet and Louis Meznarie.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Up against the armada of 911s (comprising half the field with 28 of 55 starters) alongside the NART Ferrari, were two other 365s for the Ecurie Francorchamps and French privateer Marcel Mignot. Along with Henri Greder's Chevrolet Corvette was also a De Tomaso Pantera and a Datsun 240Z. As expected, Porsche dominated the new Group 3 entry with eight of the nine cars against Wicky Racing's lone De Tomaso Pantera.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
There was renewed interest in Group 2 this year, with seven cars arriving for qualification. These included two Ford Capris from the French Shark Team and the return of Claude Buchet's Mazda twin-rotary RX-3. Against them were three BMWs: defending class-winner Jean-Claude Aubriet brought his 3.0 CSL back. Lichtenstein engine-specialist Max Heidegger prepared a BMW 2002 TI with a F2 engine (capable of 260 bhp) for French privateer Daniel Brillat. The third was another French privateer. Hervé Poulain, an art dealer and keen racer, entered another 3.0 CSL and convinced his friend, artist Alexander Calder, to paint it.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Although not the first “art car” (Porsche had raced the psychedelic Martini-917 in 1970 and “Pink Pig” in 1971), it was to become the first of many BMW Art Cars. BMW insured it for DM 1 million (~US$430 000), and Poulain got 1964-winner Jean Guichet and American IMSA-BMW driver Sam Posey as co-drivers. The last entry was a big American “muscle car” – a Plymouth Barracuda with a big 426cu in Hemi engine entered by French privateer Michel Guicherd.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice
The ACO cancelled the March Test Weekend, when the CSI scheduled a championship race at Mugello on the same weekend. Thus, many teams came to Race Week with no real idea of their racing fuel economy. The ACO required every car to prove some time during the practice sessions that it could run at least 20 laps at a race pace before refuelling. This meant at least one 60-90 minute run. But in compensation, the total practice time was increased to ten hours over the Wednesday and Thursday. Also, every driver now had to pass a minimum lap-time in both daylight and night.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice
Jacky Ickx immediately set the pace on Wednesday night with a 3:49.9 lap that would put his Gulf on pole. This was fully fourteen seconds slower than the Matra's pole time the previous year. After initial issues, on Thursday Jean-Pierre Jaussaud put the sister Gulf on the front row with a 3:51.8. Third was Lafosse in the Ligier with Casoni fourth in the Joest-Porsche and Pescarolo in the other Ligier. Then came the two Lolas of Schulthess and De Cadenet, joined by 2-litre Lola-ROC (4:02.8) fractionally ahead of the women in the Alpine.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice
Tenth on the grid was the Ligier-Maserati of Beltoise/Jarier. Eleventh was the BMW “art-car” (4:06.0) proving significantly faster than the Group 4 GTs, the quickest of which was the Buchet Porsche in 13th (4:16.0) ahead of the Tebernum Porsche. The Buchet Porsche's stablemate, of Wollek/Grandet, was the first of the Group 3 cars down in 38th with a 4:28.9. Slowest qualifier was the little BMW 2002 with a 4:47.9, although it was still quicker in its class than a Ford Capri and the ‘Hemicuda’


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice
A major argument broke out on Friday when the officials declared that the NART Dino 308 GT4 had not qualified, although it had met the qualification requirements. Team manager Luigi Chinetti was incensed and when his appeal was denied he pulled all four of his Ferraris off the dummy grid in protest, as the cars were forming up on Saturday. Some last minute calls and preparation got the Japanese Sigma and the Claude Buchet Mazda RX-3 there in their stead. Paul Rilly, running the Lamborghini Islero that had not qualified in the GTX category was not at home and missed his call to bring the car back to the track.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice
The Ecuador-Marlboro team had brought two cars, neither of which qualified. However, in a race-first, the team still managed to sneak onto the back row of the dummy grid with its 911, and even got to run three laps in the race until it was spotted and black-flagged by the officials.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
On a hot Saturday afternoon, Bell took the lead from the rolling start. Schuppan then overtook him heading onto the Mulsanne Straight for the first time and proceeded to build a lead. Joest slotted into third with Craft then Pescarolo, in the first of the Ligiers, and the Group 2 BMW “art-car” in a credible sixth. As always there were a number of cars pitting with early problems: The Schulthess Lola had not been able to fire up in time and started the race a lap behind after the rolling start had passed by.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Lafosse brought his Ligier in when a warning light came on, and lost a lap only to find that it was the light at fault. The BMW art-car pitted with a broken brake-line, dropping it well down the order, and two of the ROC-Lolas pitted with the start of many electrical issues.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
The Gulfs were able to maintain a strong 4-minute pace right through to their first pit-stops after 21 laps, and soon afterward Ickx took the lead the car was never going to forfeit thereafter. It was at the first stops that the only victim was afflicted by the fuel regulations. Marie-Claude Beaumont, in the Alpine 2-litre running sixth, came to a stop at Mulsanne corner with no fuel three laps before her scheduled refuelling stop. The team had managed 26 laps on a tank during practice. Able to manually pump some fuel she could only get as far as Indianapolis. A faulty fuel system was blamed, but team principal Gérard Larrousse later admitted the team had got their fuel calculations wrong.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Going into the third hour, the Gulfs were 2 seconds apart, with de Cadenet, Joest and Casoni now the last on the lead lap. Migault was a lap down and the other two Ligiers a further lap back with Posey in the BMW catching up again and the Poirot Porsche in eighth. Schickentanz in the Tebernum Porsche lead the GTs by ten seconds from the Fitzpatrick Gelo-Porsche. Beltoise in the Ligier-Maserati was running sixth when he tried to outbrake a Ferrari going into Indianapolis, but only ended up getting pushed off into the Armco barrier.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Craft pitted the de Cadenet from third. The notorious vibration of the Cosworth engine had popped rivets in the engine case and broken the exhaust. The repairs took 45 minutes, and when Craft came back out he set the fastest lap rushing back through the field. The third Gelo Porsche (Hezemans/Schurti) crashed when its suspension failed. They continued on until nightfall when the car was retired and the drivers were transferred to the team's leading car, now running fifth.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
Around 9.30pm, as night fell, the second-placed Gulf of Schuppan/Jaussaud spent 25 minutes in the pits replacing an alternator, dropping it to 5th, six laps behind the teammates The BMW ‘art-car’ had got back up to 6th when a broken CV joint left Posey stuck out on the circuit. In the GTs it was Fitzpatrick two laps ahead of the “Beurlys” car with the Kremer car closing.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
Just before midnight Alain De Cadenet, running third, was completely unaware when the engine-cover of his Lola flew off while at speed on the Mulsanne Straight. It landed on the track and fourth-placed François Migault had the misfortune to hit it at full speed in the dark with his Ligier. Although repaired (taking three-quarters an hour) a faulty alternator in the small hours dropped them out of contention.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
Around 2am the second-placed Joest Porsche collided with Poirot's 908 (running 6th) at Mulsanne corner. Repairs took 20 minutes and dropped them down to fourth. By half-time, the Gulf cars were back running 1-2 (albeit 6 laps apart), ahead of the Lafosse/Chasseuil Ligier and the repaired Joest Porsche. The Gelo Porsche still led the GT class, and running fifth overall, now ahead of the Kremer Porsche up to second in class.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
Soon after dawn Pescarolo suffered a puncture on his Ligier, ruining the bodywork, and stranding him out on the track. About the same time a very similar accident happened to Joest but he was more fortunate to be able to get the Porsche back to the pits. However the repairs put the car 15 laps behind the leader and only two ahead of the Gelo Porsche.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
By the time the sun was up, Ickx and Bell had built up a sizeable lead. Right on 6am Jaussaud pitted complaining of an excessive rear-end vibration. Subsequent checks and work took a quarter-hour and put them on the same lap, two minutes behind the Ligier. Joest had yet another puncture at 8am, but kept his place. The Gelo Porsche was now four laps back, still holding a two-lap lead over the Kremer and “Beurlys” cars. Throughout the morning the Ligier traded places with the second Gulf which would power past only to then come into the pits to investigate its engine vibration further.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
Soon after midday the rain arrived. The Gulf of Schuppan/Jaussaud pitted yet again, when water got into its electrics. Drying them out cost fifteen minutes which finally gave the Ligier breathing space in second place.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
The leading Gulf also had the same ongoing vibration as their stablemate and it finally came to a head when it was forced to pit at 2.30pm with an exhaust shaken apart by the vibration. While repairs were being done, the Ligier closed in. It had just got onto the lead lap when Bell took the Gulf back out, fuelled to the finish. When the Ligier subsequently pitted for its final fuel stop, the race was secure for JWA. About the same time, the Kremer Porsche had to pit with a major engine failure. Amazingly, the team was able to replace the whole engine in 30 minutes and they only lost ten laps to finish 9th.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
Going into the final hour Bob Wollek, running 12th, spun his Porsche damaging the exhaust. While pitted, the crew mistakenly refuelled the car, before its requisite 20 laps and was disqualified. The fastest S-2000, the Lola-ROC of Ferrier/Lapeyre/Ethuin had issues from the start but was stopped at its final pitstop when the starter motor broke.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
In the end Ickx and Bell won by a lap from the Lafosse/Chasseuil Ligier. Schuppan/Jaussaud were third, five laps back, with Joest's Porsche 908 another five laps back. The next eight places were Porsche GTs lead home by the Gelo car of van Lennep/Fitzpatrick/Hezemans winning Group 4 by four laps from the veteran Jean Blaton's privateer entry with Belgian racing-journalist Nick Faure.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
De Cadenet's Lola was 14th, finishing the race with a bodywork stuck together with a lot of adhesive tape. First of the S-2000 class home was the Moynet with the all-female crew, finishing 21st, after a careful and trouble-free run. The last classified finisher, and winner of the Group 2 category by attrition, was the little BMW 2002 having spent the first half of the race battling with the Mazda RX-3 for last place.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
Winner of the Index of Thermal Efficiency was the second X-Racing Group 3 Porsche. The privateer Lola-ROC (although slowest of the S-2000 class) came second in class four laps behind the Moynet, and comfortably used the smallest amount of fuel. It was the first Le Mans victory for the nine-year old Cosworth-DFV engine finally proving its reliability. This was the fourth win for John Wyer, dating back to the Aston Martin triumph in 1959 and the second for Jacky Ickx. After the race, Wyer retired for good and the JWA team was disbanded.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
After an impressive start, the BMW “art car” had been retired with a damaged driveshaft in the sixth hour. Having been displayed in the Louvre and in Munich before the race, afterward it went onto the Museum of Modern Art in New York. As it was, Ickx and Bell covered only one lap less than the winning Matra of the previous year. With the cars run at far lower engines revs, the mechanical wear was far lower and thirty cars were running at the end – equalling the record of 1923 and 1951. Ironically that meant there was much more fuel consumed overall than in the previous year's race. Although derided at the time,  the ACO regulations would, in fact, be a predecessor to the Group C era of the 1980s.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Finishers
Results taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO Class Winners are in Bold text.


1975 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Statistics
Taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO


1975 ABA All-Star Game
The eighth American Basketball Association All-Star Game was played January 28, 1975 at HemisFair Arena in San Antonio, Texas before an audience at 10,449. Kevin Loughery of the New York Nets coached the East, with Larry Brown of the Denver Nuggets coached the West.


1975 ABA All-Star Game
Freddie Lewis of the Spirits of St. Louis scored 12 of his game-high 26 points in the first period and was named the All-Star Game MVP.


1975 ABA Playoffs
The 1975 ABA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the American Basketball Association's 1974–75 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Kentucky Colonels defeating the Western Division champion Indiana Pacers, four games to one in the ABA Finals.


1975 ABA Playoffs
The Kentucky Colonels won 22 of their final 25 regular season games to catch the New York Nets for a share of first place in the Eastern Division. The Colonels won their last ten regular season games of the regular season. They also went 13–3 in the ABA playoffs.


1975 ABA Playoffs
Because the Colonels and Nets tied for first place in the Eastern Division, a special one game playoff was played to determine the conference champion. The Colonels hosted the game and defeated the Nets 108–99 on April 4, 1975.


1975 ABA Playoffs
The Memphis Sounds' Eastern Division 111–99 semifinal loss on the road to the Kentucky Colonels on April 13, 1975, was the final game played by the Sounds. After the season they moved to Maryland and became the Baltimore Claws.


1975 ABA Playoffs
The first round win by the Spirits of St. Louis over the New York Nets was the biggest upset of the playoffs. Not only had the Spirits finished 26 games behind the Nets in the regular season, they had also lost all 11 regular season matchups to the Nets, and by an average of 17.3 points per game. But after losing the opener of the series to stretch the losing streak to 12, the Spirits rolled off four wins in a row to claim the series.


1975 ABA Playoffs
The 1975 ABA Finals marked the second time in three years that the Kentucky Colonels and Indiana Pacers met in the ABA championship series. The Pacers edged the Colonels 4 games to 3 at the end of the 1973 ABA Playoffs.


1975 ABA Playoffs
16,622 fans attended the final playoff game of the season in Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, as the Kentucky Colonels defeated the Indiana Pacers 110–105 to win the ABA Championship.


1975 ABA Playoffs
Artis Gilmore was named Most Valuable Player of the 1975 ABA Playoffs. Gilmore scored 28 points and grabbed 31 rebounds in the final game of the Finals and in Game 3 in Indianapolis Gilmore scored 41 points and nabbed 28 rebounds.


1975 ABA Playoffs
The 1975 Kentucky Colonels were the final team to win an ABA Championship but not move on to the NBA later.


1975 ABA Playoffs, Western Division
(1) Denver Nuggets vs. (4) Utah Stars:Nuggets win series 4–2


1975 ABA Playoffs, Western Division
(2) San Antonio Spurs vs. (3) Indiana Pacers:Pacers win series 4–2


1975 ABA Playoffs, Western Division
(1) Denver Nuggets vs. (3) Indiana Pacers:Pacers win series 4–3


1975 ABA Playoffs, Eastern Division
(1) Kentucky Colonels vs. (4) Memphis Sounds:Colonels win series 4–1


1975 ABA Playoffs, Eastern Division
(2) New York Nets vs. (3) Spirits of St. Louis:Spirits win series 4–1


1975 ABA Playoffs, Eastern Division
(1) Kentucky Colonels vs. (3) Spirits of St. Louis:Colonels win series 4–1


1975 ABA Playoffs, ABA Finals
(1) Kentucky Colonels VS. (3) Indiana Pacers:Colonels win series 4–1


1975 ABC Championship
The 1975 Asian Basketball Confederation Championship for Men were held in Bangkok, Thailand. This was the first time that the Chinese national team participated in the tournament, as Taiwan previously competed instead of the Chinese mainland. However, China dominated the competition with a perfect record, with no team even coming close to beating them.


1975 ABN World Tennis Tournament
The 1975 ABN World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Rotterdam Ahoy in the  Netherlands. It was part of the 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit. The tournament was held from 24 February through 2 March 1975. First-seeded Arthur Ashe won the singles title, his second after 1972.


1975 ABN World Tennis Tournament, Finals, Doubles
Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan defeated  José Higueras /  Balázs Taróczy 6–2, 6–2


1975 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Singles
Tom Okker was the defending champion of the singles event at the ABN World Tennis Tournament, but lost in the final to first seeded Arthur Ashe 3–6, 6–2, 6–4.


1975 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1975 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the Greensboro Coliseum from March 6–8. North Carolina defeated NC State, 70–66 to win the championship. Phil Ford of North Carolina was named the tournament MVP.


1975 AFC Women's Championship
The Asian Football Confederation's 1975 AFC Women's Championship was the first AFC Women's Championship. It was held from 25 August to 3 September 1975 in Hong Kong. Participating members were New Zealand, Thailand, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia. The tournament was won by New Zealand in the final against Thailand.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis
The AIA Building hostage crisis took place at the AIA (American Insurance Associates) Building in Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 5 August 1975. The Japanese Red Army took more than 50 hostages at the AIA building, which housed several embassies. The hostages included the United States consul and the Swedish chargé d'affaires. The gunmen won the release of five imprisoned terrorists and flew with them to Libya.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis, Background
The Japanese Red Army was a communist terrorist organisation dedicated to eliminating the Japanese government and monarchy and launching a worldwide revolution. The organisation carried out many attacks and assassinations in the 1970s, including the Lod Airport massacre in Tel Aviv three years earlier.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis, Attacks
The AIA Building in Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur used to house the United States and Swedish embassies. On 4 August 1975, 5 members of the JRA stormed the building and took 53 employees of the embassies hostage. All the hostages were gathered on Level 9 of the AIA Building. The JRA demanded that several of their imprisoned leaders be released, and threatened to massacre all 53 hostages if their demands were not met.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis, Attacks
The Malaysian Prime Minister at the time was Tun Abdul Razak and his police chief was Mohammed Hanif Omar. The then Home Minister Ghazali Shafie was heavily involved in negotiations despite his being in Jakarta at the time.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis, Attacks
Eventually, the Japanese government relented and agreed to the release of five JRA leaders. They were sent on a Japanese Airlines DC-8 to Kuala Lumpur. The Deputy Transport Minister Dato' Ramli Omar and secretary-general for the Home Ministry Tan Sri Osman Samsuddin Cassim were exchanged with the terrorists as hostages to guarantee safe conduct. The hostage-takers proceeded on the DC-8 with their freed leaders, as well as Omar and Cassim, to Libya, arriving at Tripoli Airport on 8 August after a stopover in Colombo. There they would be sheltered by dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who at the time supported a variety of terrorist organisations such as the PLO and the IRA. Samsuddin Cassim and Ramli Omar returned to Malaysia unharmed on 10 August.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis, Aftermath
Among the prisoners freed by the Japanese government was Kunio Bandō, who had been jailed for his role in the Asama-Sanso incident. Bandō was later believed to have assisted in the hijacking of Japan Airlines Flight 472 from Paris to Tokyo in 1977, forcing the jet to land in Dhaka. Bandō remains at large and reportedly spent time between 1997 and 2007 in Russia, China, the Philippines, and Japan.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis, Aftermath
The US embassy was moved to a new location at the junction of Jalan Ampang and Jalan Tun Razak in the 1990s.


1975 AIA building hostage crisis, Aftermath
Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf awarded the Royal Order of the Polar Star to Tan Sri Samsudin Osman Kassim on 16 September 2009, about 34 years later. The award was presented by the Swedish ambassador to Malaysia, HE Helena Sångeland.


1975 ATP Buenos Aires – Singles
Guillermo Vilas defeated Adriano Panatta 6-1, 6-4, 6-4 to win the 1975 ATP Buenos Aires singles competition. Vilas was the defending champion.


1975 ATP Buenos Aires – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1975 Abruzzo regional election
The Abruzzo regional election of 1975 took place on 15 June 1975.


1975 Abruzzo regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, while the Italian Communist Party came distantly second.


1975 Abruzzo regional election, Events
After the election Christian Democrat Felice Spadaccini was elected President of the Region, but was replaced by partymate Romeo Ricciuti in 1977.


1975 African Cup Winners' Cup
The 1975 African Cup Winners' Cup was the first edition of the African Cup Winners' Cup. The tournament was won by Tonnerre Yaoundé of Cameroon, who beat Stella Club d'Adjamé of Ivory Coast 5-1 on aggregate in the final.


1975 African Cup Winners' Cup, Quarterfinals
1The match was abandoned in the second half with Tonnerre Yaoundé leading 3–0 after Al Ittihad players walked off to protest the officiating and the hostile home fans. Al Ittihad were ejected from the competition; after returning to Egypt, their players said that they were assaulted by local fans and police during the match after complaining about the poor officiating.


1975 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The African Cup of Champions Clubs 1975 was the 11th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CAF region (Africa), the African Cup of Champions Clubs. It determined that year's club champion of association football in Africa.


1975 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The tournament was played by 28 teams and used a knock-out format with ties played home and away. Hafia FC from Guinea won the final, and became CAF club champion for the second time.


1975 African Cup of Champions Clubs, First round
1 The match was abandoned with Al-Merrikh leading 2–0 after ASDR Fatima walked off the pitch to protest the officiating. ASDR Fatima were ejected from the competition. 2 · 3 · 4 Matlama FC, AS Corps Enseignement and Real Banjul withdrew.


1975 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Top scorers
The top scorers from the 1975 African Cup of Champions Clubs are as follows:


1975 Ahearne Cup
The 1975 Ahearne Cup was the 23rd edition of the Ahearne Cup ice hockey tournament. Six teams participated in the tournament, which was won by HC Dynamo Moscow of the Soviet Union. It was held from December 26–30, 1974, in Stockholm, Sweden.


1975 Air Canada Silver Broom
The 1975 Air Canada Silver Broom was held at the Perth Ice Rink in Perth, Scotland from March 17–23, 1975.


1975 Air Canada Silver Broom, Teams
Skip : Giuseppe Dal MolinThird: Leone RezzadoreSecond: Franco CaldaraLead: Enea Pavani


1975 Air Canada Silver Broom, Teams
Skip : Alex F. TorranceThird: Alex A. TorranceSecond: Tom McGregorLead: Willie Kerr


1975 Air Force Falcons football team
The 1975 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season as an Independent. They were led by eighteenth–year head coach Ben Martin and played their home games at Falcon Stadium in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Falcons were outscored by their opponents 156–265 and finished with a record of 2 wins, 8 losses, and 1 tie (2–8–1).


1975 Akron Zips football team
The 1975 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1975 NCAA Division II football season as an independent. Led by third-year head coach Jim Dennison, the Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 7–4.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 81st overall and 42nd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant, in his 18th year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished season with eleven wins and one loss (11–1 overall, 6–0 in the SEC), as SEC champions and with a victory over Penn State in the Sugar Bowl.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 1975 squad entered the season with the No. 2 ranking in the AP Poll and as one of the favorites to compete for the national championship. Their championship hopes were dashed after they were upset by an unranked Missouri team in their season opener at Legion Field. Although Alabama dropped into the No. 14 position prior to their second game against Clemson, they would not lose another game during the season as they climbed up the polls back into a top five position by season's end.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
After their shutout over Clemson, Alabama traveled to Nashville in the first road game of the season where they defeated Vanderbilt. The Crimson Tide then returned to Birmingham and defeated Ole Miss the week before their victory over Washington in the first meeting between the schools since the 1926 Rose Bowl. They followed this with wins over Tennessee, TCU, Mississippi State, LSU and Southern Miss on homecoming in Tuscaloosa. The Crimson  Tide then closed the season with wins against Auburn in what was Ralph Jordan's final game as the Tigers' head coach and Penn State in the Sugar Bowl that ended an eight-game winless streak (0–7–1) in bowl games, and started a bowl winning streak that went six years.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Missouri
As they entered their first game of the 1975 season, Alabama was ranked as the nations No. 2 team prior to their Monday night game against Missouri. Before a nationally televised audience, the Crimson Tide fell behind to the Tigers 20–0 at halftime and were ultimately defeated 20–7 in the first major upset of the season. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Missouri to 0–2.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Clemson
After their loss against Missouri, the Crimson Tide had a bye prior their game against Clemson, and entered the contest as the No. 14 team prior to their game against the Tigers. At Denny Stadium, Alabama ran for 437 yards and eight touchdowns in this 56–0 shutout of Clemson. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Clemson to 11–3.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt
After their victory over Clemson, Alabama moved into the No. 11 position in the AP Poll prior to their game against Vanderbilt. In their first road game of the season, the Crimson Tide score on their first four possession en route to a 40–7 victory over the Commodores at Nashville. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 32–17–4.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss
After their victory over Vanderbilt, Alabama moved into the No. 9 position in the AP Poll prior to their game against Ole Miss at Legion Field. Against the Rebels, the Crimson Tide scored twice in a 0:44 span early in the game en route to a 32–6 victory at Birmingham. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Ole Miss to 24–5–2.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Washington
After their victory over Ole Miss, Alabama moved into the No. 7 position in the AP Poll prior to their non-conference game against Washington. Playing the Huskies for the first time since the 1926 Rose Bowl, Alabama had 496 yards of total offense and seven touchdowns in this 52–0 shutout of Washington. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Washington to 2–0.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee
After their blowout victory over Washington, Alabama moved into the No. 6 position prior to their game against Tennessee. Against the Volunteers, Richard Todd ran for three and threw for a fourth touchdown in this 30–7 victory at Legion Field. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 28–23–7.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, TCU
After their victory over Tennessee, Alabama retained their No. 6 position prior to their match-up against Texas Christian University (TCU) of the Southwest Conference at Legion Field. Against the Horned Frogs, Alabama posted its third shutout of the season with this 45–0 victory over TCU. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against TCU to 2–3.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State
As they entered their game against Mississippi State, Alabama retained their No. 6 position in the AP Poll. At Jackson, the Crimson Tide overcame a 10–7 halftime deficit and came-from-behind and defeated the Bulldogs 21–10. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 47–10–3.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU
After their victory over Mississippi State, Alabama moved into the No. 5 position in the AP Poll prior to their game against LSU. With this 23–10 victory over the rival Tigers, the Crimson Tide secured the 1975 conference championship. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 25–10–4.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Southern Miss
After they clinched the conference championship with their victory over LSU, Alabama retained the No. 5 position of the AP Poll prior to their game against Southern Miss. On homecoming against the Golden Eagles, the Crimson Tide captured the 600th win in school history with this 27–6 win at Denny Stadium. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Southern Miss to 15–2–1.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn
As they entered the annual Iron Bowl, Alabama moved into the No. 4 position in the AP Poll prior to their match-up at Legion Field. In what was the final game ever coached by Ralph Jordan as the head coach of the Tigers, the Crimson Tide were victorious with this 28–0 shutout at Birmingham. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 22–17–1.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Playing the first Sugar Bowl at the Louisiana Superdome, Alabama defeated the Penn State Nittany Lions 13–6 and ended a seven-game bowl losing streak in the process. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Penn State to 1–1.


1975 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, NFL Draft
Several players that were varsity lettermen from the 1975 squad were drafted into the National Football League (NFL) in the 1976, 1977 and 1978 drafts. These players included:


1975 Alberta general election
The 1975 Alberta general election was held on March 26, 1975 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta to the 18th Alberta Legislature. The election was called on February 14, 1975 prorogued and dissolved of the 17th Alberta Legislature.


1975 Alberta general election
The Progressive Conservative Party led by incumbent Premier Peter Lougheed won its second term in government in a landslide, taking over 62 per cent of the popular vote and winning 69 of the 75 seats in the legislature to form a majority government.


1975 Alberta general election
The Social Credit Party saw its vote collapse. After 36 years in government from 1935 to 1971—virtually its entire history—it was ill-prepared for a role in opposition. It lost over half of its popular vote from the previous election, and was cut down to only four MLAs—just barely holding onto official party status.


1975 Alberta general election, Background
The 1971 general election resulted in the Progressive Conservative Party led by Peter Lougheed defeating the Social Credit Party which had governed Alberta continuously for 36 years consecutive years. The Progressive Conservatives defeated the Social Credit Party by 5.3 per cent in the popular vote and formed a majority government.


1975 Alberta general election, Background
Social Credit leader and former Premier Harry Strom continued as leader of the opposition until 1973 when he resigned, Strom continued in the legislature until the 1975 election, when he did not seek re-election. In the 1973 leadership election, Werner Schmidt, vice-president of Lethbridge Community College, who didn't hold a seat in the Legislative Assembly, ran against former Highways Minister Gordon Taylor, former Education Minister Robert Curtis Clark, and John Ludwig, dean of business education at Alberta College. Clark, who had the support of half of the party's MLAs, led Schmidt on the first ballot, 583 votes to 512 votes.


1975 Alberta general election, Background
But in an upset victory, Schmidt won on the second ballot with 814 votes, defeating Clark by 39 votes. Social Credit MLA Gordon Taylor grew detached with the party and supported Lougheed's plan to provide gas lines to rural areas. Taylor left the Social Credit caucus in 1975 just before the election.


1975 Alberta general election, Background
The New Democratic Party led by leader Grant Notley captured a single seat in the 1971 general election.


1975 Alberta general election, Background
The Alberta Liberal Party failed to capture a single seat in the 1971 general election led by leader Bob Russell. Russell contested the 1973 by-election in Calgary-Foothills finishing a distant fourth with 5.8 per cent of the vote. Russell resigned the leadership of the Liberal Party later in 1974, and was succeeded by Nicholas Taylor.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Progressive Conservative
Premier Peter Lougheed enjoyed strong support from his home constituency of Calgary-West, meaning he was able to campaign throughout the province.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Progressive Conservative
The Progressive Conservative Party campaigned a platform on administrative competence and promises outlined in a unpassed 1975–76 budget. Leaning on successful negotiations with the federal and Ontario governments and oil companies for the development of oil sands in the Winnipeg Agreement only 11 days before the legislature was dissolved. Other promises included the creation of the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund, reduction of personal income taxes by at least 28 per cent, and increased social program spending, all of which were built on growing non-renewable natural resource revenue resulting from 1970s energy crisis.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Progressive Conservative
Campaign slogans utilized by the Progressive Conservatives included "Lougheed Leadership", "43 Months of Progress", and "Vote Today for Alberta".


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Progressive Conservative
The Progressive Conservative government was criticized for interference with the free market, which was exemplified with the 1974 purchase of Pacific Western Airlines for $37.5-million. The Lougheed government was also criticized for significant government spending authorized through Order-in-Council instead of appropriations through the Legislature.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Social Credit Party
The Social Credit Party ran a campaign advocating for the provincial government to provide low-interest loans to Albertans for housing, farming and small business purposes. Social Credit leader Werner Schmidt promoted greater revenue sharing with municipal governments, and more conciliatory stance to negotiations with the federal government, and greater emphasis on free market enterprise. The Social Credit Party referred to themselves as "the Alberta Party" throughout the election, but was unable to gather significant momentum with the phrase.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Social Credit Party
The Social Credit Party was only able to muster 70 candidates to contest the provinces 75 electoral districts. Many of the candidates focused their advertising dollars and canvassing efforts on highlighting their individual experience and value as a constituent representative rather than emphasizing the Party's platform.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, New Democratic Party
NDP leader Grant Notley was elected to the Spirit River-Fairview district in 1971 by a slim margin in a competitive three-way race. The pressure in his home riding required Notley to do much of his campaigning in his home riding, and not in locations across the province.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, New Democratic Party
Through his efforts in the Legislature, Notley gained a reputation as a hard-working, sincere and capable representative and critic of Peter Lougheed. The NDP as able to muster candidates for all 75 constituencies, and as the only opposition party with a full slate of candidates, the NDP created the election slogan "The Only Real Opposition".


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, New Democratic Party
The NDP's campaign strategy did not emphasis socialist programs in the early stages of the campaign, instead focusing on the Lougheed government's agreement with Syncrude for developing the oil sands. Notley and the NDP believed the Syncrude agreement would be the central issue of the election, as the agreement included significant public financial investments. Notley was able to obtain several confidential government documents relating to the Syncrude project's viability which the NDP released throughout the campaign, however the Progressive Conservatives steered away from debate on the subject. Later in the election the NDP brought forward more traditional socialist programs including children's dental care, increasing old age pensions, government run auto insurance and increasing public ownership of utility companies.


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Liberal
The Liberal Party focused its campaign on leader Nick Taylor's charisma and environmental opposition to the Progressive Conservatives industrialization policy. Instead the Liberal Party emphasized that Alberta's economy should be focused on renewable resources such as agriculture, timber, tourism and modern professional skills. The Liberals emphasized their platform through the campaign slogan "The Alternative".


1975 Alberta general election, Election campaign, Liberal
The Liberal Party was able to field 46 candidates in the province's 75 electoral districts, although with a majority of the Party's support coming from Calgary and Edmonton, many of the rural candidates were paper candidates. Much of the Liberal campaign resources were focused on urban candidates, with most of the resources going towards Taylor's Calgary-Glenmore constituency.


1975 Alberta general election, Results
To no one's surprise, the Progressive Conservative Party won a lopsided victory, capturing 62.7 per cent of the vote and 69 of 75 seats in the Legislature. The Edmonton Report cover featured a caricature of Peter Lougheed following the victory accompanied with the title "Peter The Greatest".


1975 Alberta general election, Results
The Social Credit Party was further decimated as they dropped from 21 seats (from 25 to 4), capturing 18.2 per cent of the vote. Leader Werner Schmidt failed to capture his own seat in Taber-Warner, capturing 2,418 votes (33.43 per cent), coming second to Progressive Conservative Robert Bogle who captured 4,614 votes (63.78 per cent). Independent Social Credit candidate Gordon Taylor was able to retain his seat. Schmidt resigned as leader of the Social Credit Party days after the election.


1975 Alberta general election, Results
The Liberal Party grew to nearly 5 per cent of the popular vote, but secured no seats. Nick Taylor came second in his constituency of Calgary-Glenmore with 4,166 votes, well behind the Progressive Conservative candidate Hugh Planche who garnered 10,641 votes. Taylor attributed the Liberal's overall poor performance to the connection with the unpopular federal Liberal Party.


1975 Alberta general election, Results
The New Democratic Party leader Grant Notley was able to capture his seat in Spirit River-Fairview with 50.83 per cent of the vote, defeating his only opponent, Progressive Conservative Alex Woronuk. Despite garnering 12.9 per cent of the popular vote, the NDP was only able to capture Notley's seat. The NDP was still somewhat pleased that candidates came second in northern areas of the province and all 16 Edmonton constituencies.


1975 Alberta general election, Results
Overall voter turnout in the election was 59.58 per cent.


1975 Alberta general election, Results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1975 Algerian Cup Final
The 1975 Algerian Cup Final was the 13th final of the Algerian Cup. The final took place on June 19, 1975, at July 5 Stadium in Algiers. MC Oran beat MO Constantine 2–0 to win their first Algerian Cup.


1975 Algiers Agreement
The 1975 Algiers Agreement (commonly known as the Algiers Accord, sometimes as the Algiers Declaration) was an agreement between Iran and Iraq to settle any disputes and conflicts concerning their common border (such as the Shatt al-Arab, known as Arvand Rud in Iran), and it served as basis for the bilateral treaties signed on 13 June and 26 December 1975. The agreement was intended to end disagreement between Iraq and Iran on their borders on the Shatt al-Arab waterway and in Khuzestan, but Iraq also wished to end the Kurdish rebellion. Less than six years after signing the treaty, on 17 September 1980, Iraq abrogated the treaty following a series of border clashes between the two countries and launched a full-scale invasion of Iran on 22 September 1980.


1975 Algiers Agreement
Friction continues on the border despite the treaty being binding under international law and its detailed boundary delimitation remaining in force since it was signed in 1975 and ratified in 1976 by both nations.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Background, Kurdish conflict
In 1963, after the Ramadan Revolution, the Ba'ath Party government led by Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr, launched a campaign against the Kurdish rebellion, that had been seeking independence from Iraq. The Ba'ath led government collapsed after the November 1963 coup led by Abdul Salam Arif. Relations between the new government and the Kurds had not been agreed. In 1968, another revolution occurred with the Ba'ath Party and the Iraqi government, called the 17 July Revolution. Tensions between the new government and the Kurds increased, with the Iraqi Armed Forces engaging in military action against Kurdish separatists.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Background, Kurdish conflict
The actions of Kurdish rebels caused massive economic disruption. On 11 March 1970, a treaty was signed between the Vice-Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (Iraq), Saddam Hussein, called the "March Manifesto" and the leader of the Kurdish rebellion, Mustafa al-Barzani, in Tikrit, to end the conflict. Under the agreement, militias were to be merged into the Iraqi Army, cut all ties with Iran and the rebellion would come to an end. In return, the Iraqi government promised the Kurds autonomy, with Kurdish representatives to be included in the Iraqi government.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Background, Kurdish conflict
The government had previously encouraged the "Arabization" of the oil-rich Kurdish regions. By 1974, there remained unresolved problems between the government and the Kurds about the oil resources of the Kurdish regions of Iraq. Kurdish ministers resigned from the government, Kurdish employees withdrew, and Kurdish police and soldiers no longer cooperated with the government. The Iraqi government insisted that the Kurds were bound by the agreement, but the Kurds believed that it was the government who had breached the accord. On 11 March 1974, the agreement was incorporated into the Iraqi constitution. Fighting again broke out between the Iraqi army and Kurdish forces, with Iran supporting the Kurds.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Background, Iran–Iraq border dispute
With the Ba'ath Party in control of the government, in 1968, Iraq demanded full control over the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud). On 19 April 1969, Iran withdrew from the 1937 agreement, which had been signed between Iraq and Iran to resolve border problems, arguing that Iraq interfered with Iranian boats in the Shatt al-Arab. In April 1969, both armies were deployed on the banks of the Persian Gulf. After Iran took control of four islands in the Persian Gulf, diplomatic relations between Baghdad and Tehran deteriorated markedly.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Background, Iran–Iraq border dispute
Iraq encouraged the Arabs of Khuzestan in to rebel against the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Iraq also expelled all the Iranians from Iraq. Iran supported the Kurds in the Iraqi–Kurdish War with military equipment and funding. Mustafa al-Barzani met with representatives from the American government to support the Kurds secretly, further weakening the Iraqi position which was further complicated by the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War. Iraq now needed to appease Iran, fearing that Iran might attack them from the east, while most of the Iraqi Armed Forces were fighting on the Syrian Front.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Negotiation
In 1973, Iraq negotiations began with Iran, hoping that it would end Iranian support for the Kurdish rebellion. In late April, a meeting was held in Geneva between the countries' foreign ministers. Iraqi representatives demanded that the 1937 treaty be adhered to, which gives most of the Shatt al-Arab to Iraq, but Iranian representatives refused. Discussions failed, but meetings continued to be held between the two countries. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was completely inflexible, and sought control over half of the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud). After the Shatt al-Arab discussions were completed, Iraq also sought the end to Iranian support of the Kurds.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Negotiation
In May 1974, Iraq and Iran started the process of marking the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud) boundary between them. In the 1974 Arab League summit, representatives from Iran's government attended to talk with Iraqi representatives with the mediation of King of Jordan Hussein. Talks continued between the two countries sporadically, Iraq was reluctant to abandon territory which had been assigned to it in the 1937 treaty. Iran increased its support of the Kurds, which substantially increased problems for the Iraqi Army. Saddam Hussein and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi attended the OPEC summit on 6 March 1975 in Algiers, where an agreement was made and signed with the mediation of Houari Boumédiène, the then Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Negotiation
Iraq reluctantly conceded the territory to Iran because of the need end the Kurdish War and to end the violence near the Shatt al-Arab with Iran. The border between the two nations was adjusted in Iran's favor.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Agreement
The Algiers Agreement placed the border between Iraq and Iran in the center of the main channel of the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud) waterway, usually called the thalweg. Iraq was required to abandon its claim to Arab areas in Western Iran. The two countries were required to commit themselves to maintain close and effective supervision over their common boundary and to end any intervention in the other's territory. Iran was therefore required to end any support for the Kurds. Both countries agreed to being good neighbors. A violation of one part of the agreement "contradicts the spirit of Algiers Agreement."


1975 Algiers Agreement, Agreement
On 15 March 1975, the Iraqi and Iranian foreign ministers met with the Algerian representatives to establish a joint committee to mark the new border. On 17 March, the protocol between the two countries was signed by the two foreign ministers. The protocol states that the two countries undertake to re-mark the border.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Agreement
On 13 June 1975, another treaty was signed in Baghdad by Iraq's and Iran's foreign ministers. It added detail to agreements about conflict resolution and the determination of the border and any changes. The treaty is called the "Iran-Iraq: Treaty on International Borders and Good Neighborly Relations".


1975 Algiers Agreement, Results
Iraq and Iran formed a joint commission to mark the boundary between the two countries. The commission ended marking the border on 26 December 1975 with the signing of a joint declaration of intents. Iran withdrew its military forces from border areas. The borders were closed, and support for the Kurds ended. Iran also requested the CIA and the Mossad to end military support of the Kurdish rebels.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Results
It was thought that with the end of international support, the Iraqi government would negotiate with the Kurds, but the Vice-Chairman of Revolutionary Command Council, Saddam Hussein, launched a major campaign against the rebels. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi intervened and a ceasefire was agreed, but on 1 April, the government relaunched the campaign. After a number of battles, the Iraqi Armed Forces declared victory, but more than 100,000 Kurdish refugees fled to Iran and Turkey including the leader, Mustafa al-Barzani, only to return with another rebellion occurring in 1978.


1975 Algiers Agreement, Aftermath
Iraq withdrew from the Algiers Agreement on 17 September 1980. The agreement had been imposed on the country and the chaos in Iran after the Iranian Revolution led to the belief in Iraq that the changes could be undone. This resulted in one of the longest wars of the 20th century, the Iran–Iraq War, which would last from 1980 to 1988. The war was ended in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 619 and returned both parties to the Algiers Agreement of 1975.


1975 All England Badminton Championships
The 1975 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley Arena, London, England, from 19–23 March 1975.


1975 All-Big Eight Conference football team
The 1975 All-Big Eight Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The selectors for the 1975 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1975 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1975 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1975 Big Ten Conference football season.


1975 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
AP = Associated Press, selected by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters from throughout the Midwest


1975 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
UPI = United Press International, as chosen by the Big Ten coaches for the UPI


1975 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of the AP and UPI


1975 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 44th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.


1975 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
Cork entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Kerry in the Munster final.


1975 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
On 28 September 1975, Kerry won the championship following a 1-10 to 0-4 defeat of Tyrone in the All-Ireland final. This was their eighth All-Ireland title overall and their first in twelve championship seasons.


1975 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 45th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 9 May 1975 and ended on 7 September 1975.


1975 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
On 7 September 1975, Kilkenny won the championship following a 3-19 to 1-14 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their 10th All-Ireland title overall and their first title since 1973.


1975 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
Cork's John O'Sullivan was the championship's top scorer with 1-32.


1975 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship of 1975 was the second staging of Ireland's secondary hurling knock-out competition. Westmeath won the championship, beating London 3-23 to 2-7 in a replayed final at Croke Park, Dublin.


1975 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Quarter-finals: (4 matches) These are four matches between the eight native participating teams. Four teams are eliminated at this stage while the four winning teams qualify for the semi-final stages.


1975 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The four winners from the quarter-finals contest these games. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the 'home' final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Home final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the 'proper' All-Ireland final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the All-Ireland 'home' final join London to contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners are allowed to participate in the All-Ireland SHC quarter-final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1975 season in the sport of camogie. The championship was won by Wexford who defeated Cork by a surprising ten point margin in the final, Cork having defeated reigning champions Kilkenny in the semi-final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Married Captain
Wexford’s captain Gretta Kehoe got married the day before the final to Ray Quigley who was later to become chairman of Leinster Camogie Council.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Quarter-finals
Una Grace scored three goals for Kilkenny as they overcame Galway in the last quarter of the quarter final at Gowran. Tipperary| led Dublin by 3-2 to 1-1 at half time in the quarter-final but then lost their advantage in the third quarter and had to come back to level. Evelyn Sweeney scored what was to become the winning point. Deirdre Lane’s late free was beaten away by Dublin’s defence and the umpires judged a late free attempt had gone wide, amid some controversy.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Semi-finals
Bridie Doran scored two goals and Eileen O’Gorman a third in Wexford’s 3-4 to 0-2 victory over Dublin in the semi-final. Cork took command after the first ten minutes of their semi-final and dethroned champions Kilkenny, leading by 3-1 to 1-2 at half time with Pat Maloney adding a fourth goal in the second half and by the 14th minute Dublin led 3-5 to 3-2.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Wexford goalkeeper Kathleen Tonks was unsighted by the strong low sun when Mary O'Leary scored Cork’s goal early in the game. Wexford took control at centre field, Bridie Doran scored the first of four Wexford goals in the 23rd minute to leave the scores 1-1 each at half-time, Kit Codd scored Wexford’s second goal in the 9th minute of the second half, this time with the Cork goalkeeper unsighted by the sun, and substitute Mairéad Darcy added two more Wexford goals before the end. Aidan McCarthy wrote in the Irish Times


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Cork played very much like a team meeting the demands called by an away league engagement. Their spirit of adventure was almost non-existent and their forces were deployed with a defensive frame of mind. In those circumstances it was only a matter of time before Wexford would breach the rearguard, and once that had been attained early in the second half, even their defence appeared to give up hope.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Unable to gain any degree if parity in midfield, and with their potentially dangerous attackers starved of possession, Cork’s chance died and with it, their resolution, and the match as a spectacle. The fact that Wexford added two further goals was merely of statistical interest, as they were scored against a team which did not appear to have a lot of interest in stopping them.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Nor did their ten point margin at the end flatter the victors. Even though they were only on level terms at the interval, the winners though they had been facing a bright sun and a light breeze should by then have been clearly ahead on the play. The big occasion had, in the first half, seemed to affect the accuracy of their finishing both from play and from frees.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Faster, fitter, more determined, and in the end physically stronger, the Wexford girls completely dominated proceedings, even though their authority on the field was not reflected on the scoreboard until the closing minutes. Alert goalkeeper, youthful schoolgirl Kathleen Tonks foiled Cork with a couple of wonder saves when Cork sought to rally and then the Wexford mentors played their trump card when they sent in former Enniscorthy Colleges star Mairéad Darcy as substitute for Maggie Hearne. She it was who cracked home two late goals that put the seal on Wexford’s victory.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Aftermath
With Wexford’s victory Gretta Kehoe and Bridget Doyle became the first sisters to captain All-Ireland winning senior teams. Another sister Kit Codd, became the first player to win All-Ireland senior medals with two counties – Dublin (1965 and 1966) and Wexford (1975). Five Kehoe sisters from Clonleigh were to win All-Ireland senior medals Bridget, Kit, Josie, Annie and Gretta. Elsie Walsh later married Brian Cody winner of four All-Ireland senior hurling medals and the most successful manager in Kilkenny hurling history. Bridie Doran was a sister of Mick Jacob, the first Wexford man to win an All-Star, she had married Bill Doran who won an All-Ireland Intermediate hurling medal, brother of All-Ireland hurlers, Tony and Colm.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 44th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
Wexford took their second All-Ireland with a shock victory over Cork.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park on 16 March 1975 to determine the winners of the 1974–75 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the fifth season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion clubs of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by St Finbarr's of Cork and Fenians of Kilkenny, with St Finbarr's winning by 3-8 to 1-6.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
The All-Ireland final between St Finbarr's and Fenians was a unique occasion as it was the first ever championship meeting between the two teams. It remains their only championship meeting. Both sides were appearing in their first All-Ireland final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
The game was evenly contested, however, goals in the last quarter were vital for St Finbarr's. Jimmy Barry-Murphy, Jerry O'Shea and Charlie Cullinane all found the net as St Finbarr's claimed an eight-point victory.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
The All-Ireland victory for St Finbarr's was the first of their two championship titles. They were the third Cork representatives to win the All-Ireland title.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 89th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 25 May 1975 and ended on 28 September 1975.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Dublin were the defending champions. London fielded a team in the senior championship for the first time.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
On 28 September 1975, Kerry won the championship following a 2-12 to 0-11 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their 23rd All-Ireland title, their first in five championship seasons.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Dublin's Jimmy Keaveney was the championship's top scorer with 1-38. Kerry's John O'Keeffe was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Format
The usual knock-out four-province setup was used. London played in the Connacht Senior Football Championship for the first time. Leinster Championship format change saw, Second round dropped this year first round winners go straight to the Quarter-finals. Kilkenny return to Leinster football for the first time since 1963.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Rule change
As a result of a decision taken at the Gaelic Athletic Association's (GAA) annual congress the previous year, as of 1975 all provincial finals, All-Ireland semi-finals and the All-Ireland final itself were reduced to 70 minutes playing time. Prior to this all championship matches were eighty minutes in duration for the past 5 years.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 88th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
On the train to Dublin, Kerry manager Mick O'Dwyer and his players spoke to journalists. Jim Farrelly quoted O'Dwyer in the Sunday Independent as advocating a marriage ban for his players. "Marriage puts players back in their game". Kerry player Jimmy Deenihan was photographed during the train trip alongside his sister Patricia and said to Farrelly: "Four of us [Kerry players] are PE teachers. Saying 'no' to girls and drink and high Kerry social life has been hard! ".


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
John Egan and substitute Ger O'Driscoll scored goals for a surprise win.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Yet it was no surprise. The train trip (above) revealed the inaccuracy of the callow reputation in which Kerry often indulged. And ahead of the game Dublin were 4/5, Kerry 5/4 in the betting odds.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
This was the second of four All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1970s.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Séamus McCarthy, aged 21 and later a Tipperary footballer, and his 50-year-old father Eddie McCarthy, became the first father-and-son pair to umpire at an All-Ireland final, doing so at the Hill 16 end of Croke Park.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1975 was the 89th staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Kilkenny won the championship, beating Galway 2-22 to 2-10 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Rule change
As a result of a decision taken at the Gaelic Athletic Association's (GAA) annual congress the previous year, as of 1975 all provincial finals, All-Ireland semi-finals and the All-Ireland final itself were reduced to 70 minutes playing time. Prior to this all championship matches were eighty minutes in duration for the past 5 years.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
First round: (1 match) This is a single match between the first two teams drawn from the province of Munster. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winner of the first round joins the other three Munster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winner of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
First round: (2 matches) These are two matches between the first four teams drawn from the province of Leinster. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the two first round games join the other two Leinster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Quarter-final: (1 match) This is a single match between Galway and the winners of the All-Ireland 'B' championship. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-final: (1 match) This is a single match between the Munster champions and the winners of the quarter-final. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the final.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the semi-final and the Leinster champions contest this game.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Player facts, Debutantes
The following players made their début in the 1975 championship:


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was a hurling match that was played at Croke Park, Dublin on 7 September 1975 to determine the winners of the 1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the 89th season of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of the three hurling provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Kilkenny of Leinster and Galway of Connacht, with Kilkenny winning by 2-22 to 2-10.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The All-Ireland final between Kilkenny and Galway was the 18th championship meeting between the two teams. Kilkenny were appearing in their fifth successive final and were the reigning champions, while Galway were lining out in their first All-Ireland decider since 1958.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
In the first 70-minute All-Ireland final, Galway, who were playing with the aid of the elements into the Canal End, took a 1-3 to 0-3 lead in the 18th minute thanks to a goal by Frank Burke. The exchanges were keen, however, Kilkenny would hit the next six points to carve out a 0-9 to 1-3 interval advantage.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
Eddie Keher, after a quiet start, scored Kilkenny's first goal three minutes into the second half. Galway ended their 22-minute scoreless spell in the 40th minute, however, a Pat Delaney point left Kilkenny 1-12 to 1-4 ahead. Galway replied with 1-1 and were only four points behind with 25 minutes left on the clock. Keher's second goal came from a penalty with 20 minutes of play remaining as Kilkenny powered to a 12-point victory.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
Kilkenny's All-Ireland victory was their third in four years and their first retention of the title since 1933. The win gave them their 20th All-Ireland title overall.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
Galway's All-Ireland defeat was their 8th since last winning the title in 1923.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship was won by Tipperary.


1975 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final was the second All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1975 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship, an inter-county ladies' Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 12th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
Mayo entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Dublin in the All-Ireland semi-final.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
On 12 October 1975, Kerry won the championship following a 1-15 to 0-10 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title overall and their first in two championship seasons.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 12th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 9 April 1975 and ended on 12 October 1975.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
On 12 October 1975, Kilkenny won the championship following a 5-13 to 2-19 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title overall and their second title in succession.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
Cork's Éamonn O'Sullivan was the championship's top scorer with 4-09.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
The 1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at Fraher Field, Dungarvan on 12 October 1975 to determine the winners of the 1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the 12th season of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cork of Munster and Kilkenny of Leinster, with Kilkenny winning by 5-13 to 2-19.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
The All-Ireland final between Cork and Kilkenny was their second championship meeting. Cork, appearing in their 7th final, were hoping to win their 7th title in 10 years. Kilkenny, the reigning champions, were appearing in their third final.


1975 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
Kilkenny's All-Ireland victory was their second in-a-row. The victory installed them as joint second on the all-time roll of honour.


1975 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team
The 1975 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific-8 Conference teams for the 1975 NCAA Division I football season.


1975 All-Pro Team
The following is a list of players that were named to the Associated Press All-Pro Team, the Newspaper Enterprise Association All-Pro team and the Pro Football Writers Association, and Pro Football Weekly All-Pro teams in 1975. Both first- and second- teams are listed for the AP, NEA, and PFWA  teams. These are the four All-Pro teams that are included in the Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League and compose the Consensus All-pro team for 1975.


1975 All-Pro Team, Key
AP = Associated Press All-Pro team; AP-2 Associated Press Second-team All-Pro; PFWA = Pro Football Writers Association All-Pro team; NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association All-Pro team. ; NEA-2 Newspaper Enterprise Association Second-team All-Pro; PFW = Pro Football Weekly All-Pro team; t = players tied in votes.


1975 All-SEC football team
The 1975 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. Alabama won the conference.


1975 All-SEC football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UPI


1975 All-Southwest Conference football team
The 1975 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The selectors for the 1975 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1975 Allan Cup
The 1975 Allan Cup was the Canadian senior ice hockey championship for the 1974–75 season. The event was hosted by both Barrie and Thunder Bay, Ontario. The 1975 playoff marked the 67th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded. The Thunder Bay Twins represented Western Canada and defeated the Barrie Flyers who represented Eastern Canadan in the championship series.


1975 Allan Cup, History
The Thunder Bay Twins were led by Dave Siciliano, as their player-coach for the 1974–75 season. The Twins played in the United States Hockey League (USHL) and won the final round of the league's playoffs with three consecutive wins versus Waterloo Black Hawks in a best-of-five series. The Twins had chosen not to participate in the 1975 Allan Cup playoffs due to scheduling conflicts with the USHL playoffs. After the St. Boniface Mohawks appealed for reconsideration, the Twins entered the Allan Cup playoffs upon the conclusion of the USHL playoffs, then won the series versus the Mohawks.


1975 Allan Cup, History
In the Western Canada finals, the Twins won the best-of-five series with three consecutive victories versus the Spokane Flyers. The Twins scored five goals in the last 25 minutes of the decisive third game, including the winning goal scored with six seconds remaining. In a best-of-seven series for the national championship, Siciliano and the Twins won the Allan Cup by defeating the defending champion Barrie Flyers four games to two. The Twins then withdrew from the USHL due to travel costs and schedule commitments to represent Canada on a European tour in the 1975–76 season.


1975 Allsvenskan, Overview
The league was contested by 14 teams, with Malmö FF winning the championship.


1975 Amco Cup
The 1975 Amco Cup was the 2nd edition of the NSWRFL Midweek Cup, a NSWRFL-organised national Rugby League tournament between the leading clubs and representative teams from the NSWRFL, the BRL, the CRL, the QRL and the NZRL.


1975 Amco Cup
A total of 28 teams from across Australia and New Zealand played 27 matches in a straight knock-out format, with the matches being held midweek during the premiership season.


1975 American Airlines Tennis Games
The 1975 American Airlines Tennis Games was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the Indian Wells Masters and was an ATP sanctioned tournament but was not part of the WCT or Grand Prix seasons. The tournament was played in Tucson, Arizona, and ran from March 31 through April 6, 1975. Twelfth-seeded John Alexander won the singles title.


1975 American Airlines Tennis Games, Champions, Men's Doubles
Raúl Ramírez /  William Brown defeated   Raymond Moore /  Dennis Ralston 2-6, 7-6, 6-4


1975 American Airlines Tennis Games – Doubles
William Brown and Raúl Ramírez won in the final 2-6, 7-6, 6-4 against Raymond Moore and Dennis Ralston.


1975 American Airlines Tennis Games – Singles
John Newcombe was the defending champion but lost in a semifinal to fellow Aussie, John Alexander, who went on to win the final 7–5, 6–2 against Ilie Năstase.


1975 American League Championship Series
The 1975 American League Championship Series pitted the Boston Red Sox against the three-time defending world champion Oakland Athletics for the right to advance to the 1975 World Series. The Red Sox swept the series 3-0 to win their first AL pennant since 1967, and simultaneously end the A's run of three consecutive world championships.


1975 American League Championship Series, Background
During the regular season, the Red Sox posted a 95–65 record and won the American League East division title, while the A's went 98–64 to win the American League West.


1975 American League Championship Series, Background
The Red Sox came up with experienced players such as Carl Yastrzemski, Carlton Fisk, and Dwight Evans, and two sensational rookies – Fred Lynn and Jim Rice. Lynn took most of the headlines by playing a flawless center field, hitting .331 with 21 home runs and 105 RBIs, and becoming the first major league player to win the MVP and Rookie of the Year awards in the same season. Rice, despite suffering a broken wrist in late September, finished with a .309 average, 22 homers, and 102 RBIs.


1975 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
Boston starter Luis Tiant allowed just one run on three hits to defeat the A's, 7–1, in the ALCS opener. Tiant struck out eight and walked three in a complete game effort, retiring the side in order in four innings. Juan Beníquez went 2-for-4 with an RBI and a run scored, Fred Lynn ended 1-for-4 with two RBIs, and Carlton Fisk went 1-for-4 with two runs scored for the Red Sox. Oakland starter Ken Holtzman was saddled with the loss by yielding five hits and four runs (two unearned) with four strikeouts and a walk in 6+1⁄3 innings of work.


1975 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Carl Yastrzemski hit a two-run home run to lead the Red Sox past the Athletics, 6–3, in Game 2. Boston starter Reggie Cleveland was solid through five innings, allowing three runs on five hits with two strikeouts and one walk. Rico Petrocelli also homered, Carlton Fisk went 2-for-4 with an RBI and a run scored, and Fred Lynn went 2-for-4 with one RBI for the Red Sox. A's starter Vida Blue lasted three innings and gave up just three runs on six hits.


1975 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
The win went to Roger Moret, who tossed one scoreless inning of relief, and Dick Drago worked the final three innings to close out the contest. Rollie Fingers took the loss, allowing three runs on five hits over four innings. Reggie Jackson hit a two-run home run and Sal Bando went 4-for-4 with two doubles and a run for the A's.


1975 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
After three consecutive championships, the Athletics' dynasty came to an end, as the Red Sox took the third game, 5-3, to sweep the series, their first series win since 1918. Boston starter Rick Wise allowed three runs (two unearned) on six hits in 7+1⁄3 innings of work. Both Denny Doyle and Carlton Fisk collected two hits with one run and an RBI, and Rick Burleson went 2-for-4 with one run scored to pace the Red Sox. Ken Holtzman started for Oakland and was tagged for four runs on seven hits in just 4+2⁄3 innings to take the loss. Dick Drago earned the save for pitching 1+2⁄3 innings of shutout ball for Boston while Carl Yastrzemski made two great defensive plays in left field and collected two hits. Sal Bando went 2-for-4 with two RBIs while Reggie Jackson went 2-for-4 with one RBI for the A's.


1975 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
This game, and Game 3 of the 1975 National League Championship Series, were the first league championship series games ever played at night. Both were regionally televised by NBC.


1975 American Soccer League, Playoffs, Championship
*Play suspended after 9 sudden-death overtimes; teams declared co-champions by commissioner Bob Cousy.


1975 Amstel Gold Race
The 1975 Amstel Gold Race was the tenth edition of the annual road bicycle race "Amstel Gold Race", held on Sunday March 29, 1975, in the Dutch provinces of Limburg. The race stretched 238 kilometres, with the start in Heerlen and the finish in Meerssen. There were a total of 138 competitors, and 35 cyclists finished the race.


1975 Apulian regional election
The Apulian regional election of 1975 took place on 15 June 1975.


1975 Apulian regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, while the Italian Communist Party came distantly second. After the election Christian Democrat Nicola Rotolo was elected President of the Region at the head of a centre-left coalition (organic Centre-left). In 1978 Rotolo was replaced by fellow Christian Democrat Nicola Quarta.


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France
The 1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France  was a series of eight matches played by the Argentina national rugby union team in October.


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France
It was the first tour of Argentinian team in France, and the second in Europe.


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France, Matches
Points scoring rules: try 4, conversion 2, penalty, drop and goal from a mark 3 points.


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France, Matches
Coste Basque: Lataste; Pécune, Etchenique, Ara, Serre; Vivies, Berrouet; Lassoujade, Bastiat (capt. ), Petrissans; Haget e Imbemon (Lourdon); Azarete, Yachvili, Paparemborde. Argentina: Sansot; D. Beccar Varela, Travaglini, Rodríguez Jurado, O'Farrell; Porta, Morgan (capt); Mastai, Migúens, Neyra; Bottarini, Fernández; Nicola, Casas, Carluccio.


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France, Matches
Second division XV: Daubinet; Xaussa, Cieply, Delaigue, Lazartigue; Morot, Barella; Rabatel, Mahe, Rame; Vidal, Jedreziak; Leconte, Lard, Salas. Argentina: García Terán; 0' Farrell, L'Erario, Travaglini, Gauweloose; G. Beccar Varela, Rinaldi; Neyra, Bori, Carracedo; Mangiamelli, Bottarini; Carbone, Correa, Cerioni


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France, Matches
Languedoc: Benacloi; Harize, Billoc, Badin, Bourkels; Perteil, Barrau; Boffelli, Viel, Verdoulet; Sappa-, Senal; Ducloup, Salette, Chaiivet. Argentina: Sansot; D. Beccar Varela, Rodríguez Jurado, Cappelletti, Gauweloose; Porta, Morgan (c); Neyra, Miguens, Mastai; Bottarini, Fernández; Nicola, Correa, Carluccio.


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France, Matches
Midi-Pyrénées:: Sarnel; R. Aue, J.P. Aue, Cimarosti, Jacomet; Laporte, Tapie, Massac, Bariolet, Porcel; Saturnín, Junca; Revaillero, Besogne, Cuny. Argentina: García Terán; Gauweloose, L'Erario, Cappelletti, O'Farrell; G. Beccar Varela, Rinaldi; Carracedo, Bori, Miguens; Bottarini, Mangiamelfi; Carbone, Vila, Cerioni.


1975 Argentina rugby union tour of France, Matches
Bourges XV  Pommier; Laberzri, Pérez, Laczack, Soula; Auriat, Monar; Kaczarowski, Dusang, Perón; Decrae, Genois; Dumusois, Garouste, Dalos. Argentina: Sansot; Gauweloose, Rodríguez Jurado, Cappelletti y, O'Farrell; Porta, Morgan; Neyra, Miguens, Carracedo; Bottarini, Fernández; Nicola, Vila, Cerioni


1975 Argentine Grand Prix
The 1975 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Buenos Aires on 12 January 1975. It was race 1 of 14 in both the 1975 World Championship of Drivers and the 1975 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the twelfth Argentine Grand Prix and only the second to be held on the lengthened six kilometre version of the race track that runs out towards Curvon Salotto around the lake which lies to the north-east of the circuit.


1975 Argentine Grand Prix
The race was won for the second time by Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi driving a McLaren M23. He took a six-second victory over James Hunt in his Hesketh 308. Carlos Reutemann scored his best result to that time on his home race finishing third in his Brabham BT44B.


1975 Argentine Grand Prix, Race summary
The close season had been fairly quiet – Jochen Mass had replaced Denny Hulme at McLaren, John Watson had joined Surtees and Mike Wilds, Rolf Stommelen and Jacques Laffite were confirmed at BRM, Hill and Williams respectively.


1975 Argentine Grand Prix, Race summary
March had announced their retirement, but then in a dramatic U-turn confirmed their entry for 1975 with Vittorio Brambilla and Lella Lombardi.


1975 Argentine Grand Prix, Race summary
There were contractual wrangles with Ronnie Peterson, reportedly discontent at Lotus and it was uncertain up until the start of practice whether he would be driving for them or Shadow.


1975 Argentine Grand Prix, Race summary
Jean-Pierre Jarier proved the Shadow's effectiveness, putting in the fastest ever lap of the circuit, averaging 122 mph to gain his first pole from Carlos Pace and Carlos Reutemann.


1975 Argentine Grand Prix, Race summary
However it was all in vain. On the warm-up lap, his crown-wheel-and-pinion stripped, leaving him a non-starter. Local hero Reutemann gratefully accepted the lead from Pace. James Hunt driving the newest Hesketh with new rubber suspension climbed from the 6th row up to third place, duelling with Niki Lauda. Jochen Mass and Jody Scheckter tangled. Meanwhile, John Watson was stranded with a loose fuel-pipe and was disqualified after attempting trackside repairs.


1975 Argentine Grand Prix, Race summary
Wilson Fittipaldi crashed on lap 13, his car catching fire and requiring the fire engine to be deployed. By now, Hunt had passed Lauda and was catching the two Brabhams. Pace took the lead on lap 15, but spun on the very next lap. Reutemann having retaken the lead, was understeering badly and on lap 25 was passed by Hunt. There was a ferocious battle with Emerson Fittipaldi for the lead.


1975 Argentine Primera División
The 1975 Primera División season was the 84th season of top-flight football in Argentina. River Plate won both tournaments. None of the teams were relegated.


1975 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The 1975 Arizona State Sun Devils football team represented Arizona State University in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The offense scored 347 points, while the defense allowed 127 points. Led by head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils were undefeated in the regular season (11–0), perfect in Western Athletic Conference play (7–0), and won the Fiesta Bowl. After beating  Nebraska, 17–14, Kush said, "From the players' standpoint, this was probably the most important game since I have been here.


1975 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
Not only was the game important for the recognition this team will receive, but it also helps gain recognition for the great teams and players we have had here in the past." They finished the season (12–0) overall and were ranked # 2 in both the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll. This remains the highest ranked finish in Arizona State football history.


1975 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, 1975 team players in the NFL
The following players were claimed in the 1976 NFL Draft.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1975 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their third season under head coach Jim Young, the Wildcats compiled a 9–2 record (5–2 against WAC opponents), finished in second place in the WAC, were ranked No. 18 in the final AP Poll, and outscored their opponents, 330 to 169. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team
Even though they captured their second straight nine-win season, the Wildcats lost out on a bowl due to not winning an outright conference title for the third season in a row. Arizona lost in the season finale to rival Arizona State in a game that decided the WAC title. Both of Arizona's losses this season were to their rivals (New Mexico and Arizona State).


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team
The team's statistical leaders included Bruce Hill with 1,747 passing yards, Dave Randolph with 657 rushing yards, and Scott Piper with 718 receiving yards. Linebacker Obra Erby led the team with 188 total tackles.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Before the season
Arizona concluded the 1974 season with a 9–2 record (6–1 in WAC), and lost out on the WAC title and bowl eligibility due to their loss to BYU that season. The Wildcats ended the year by defeating Arizona State for the first time since 1964 with a shutout and brought back bragging rights for the state of Arizona. The team went into the 1975 season with high expectations and was looking to contend for the WAC championship and was ranked in the top 20 in preseason polls. Fans have believed that Young was building a resurgence of winning to the Wildcats football program that seemed lost for nearly a decade.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Northwestern
In a game that featured two teams that shared the same nickname, the Wildcats, Arizona took care of Northwestern at home. Arizona gave up two field goals to Northwestern, and ended a streak of three consecutive shutout wins dating back to the previous season finale against Arizona State (Arizona began 1975 with shutouts over Pacific and Wyoming).


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, New Mexico
In the rivalry game between Arizona and New Mexico, both teams’ offense put up several points on the board, with the Lobos coming out on top to upset the Wildcats and handed Arizona its first loss of the season. The Wildcats’ loss led to the Kit Carson Rifle (the rivalry's trophy) returning to Albuquerque for the first time since 1971.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, San Diego State
Arizona faced San Diego State on the road for a top-15 non-conference matchup (the Wildcats were ranked 15th whereas the Aztecs were 13th). The game was a big test for Arizona, and the Wildcats ultimately prevailed in a close win.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Colorado State
Against Colorado State, the Wildcats’ defense blitzed the Rams and limited them to only nine points in yet another win. This remains the last time to date that Arizona traveled to Fort Collins to play the Rams, as future meetings between the two teams since then have been played in Tucson.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Arizona State
The Wildcats traveled to Tempe to face unbeaten Arizona State in a game that decided the WAC championship and a berth in the Fiesta Bowl (the loser would have their season end due to a lack of bowl spots available). Due to the fact that cable and satellite television didn't exist at the time and that all national broadcasters’ schedules of games were booked, the Arizona-Arizona State game was not televised.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Arizona State
Late in the second quarter with Arizona leading 14–3, the Sun Devils drove into Wildcat territory and an Arizona State receiver dove and made a sensational catch in the end zone for a touchdown. There has been debates of whether or not it was indeed a catch, in which many Wildcat fans believe it was not. Due to a lack of instant replay at the time and that all officials’ calls were based on judgment and thus were final, the touchdown catch was upheld, much to the ire of Wildcat fans. The disputes of the ASU touchdown catch still continue to this day.


1975 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Arizona State
The touchdown gave ASU momentum at halftime and carried it with them in the second half and took the lead. The Wildcats had a chance to respond, but fell short and Arizona State went on to capture the WAC with the win and ended the Wildcats’ season. Arizona matched the 1974 season with back-to-back 9–2 records but without a bowl appearance. Arizona State would ultimately go on to win the Fiesta Bowl and finish with a perfect 12–0 record.


1975 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1975 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their 18th year under head coach Frank Broyles, the Razorbacks compiled a 10–2 record (6–1 against SWC opponents), finished in a three-way tie for first place in the SWC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 336 to 123. The Razorbacks' only regular season losses were to Oklahoma State and Texas. The team went on to defeat Georgia in the 1976 Cotton Bowl Classic by a 31-10 score and was ranked #7 in the final AP Poll.


1975 Army Cadets football team
The 1975 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. Led by head coach Homer Smith, the team finished with a record of 2–9. The Cadets offense scored 165 points, while the defense allowed 337 points.


1975 Army Cadets football team, Season, Army–Navy Game
On November 29, Navy beat Army by a score of 30–6.