1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Proposal, Question 1
The 1974 Australian Referendum (Democratic Elections) posed the question: “An Act to alter the Constitution so as to ensure that the members of the House of Representatives and of the parliaments of the states are chosen directly and democratically by the people. Do you approve the proposed law?”


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Proposal, Question 1
The proposal for the 1974 Australian Referendum (Democratic Elections) was presented to the House of Representatives and was released to Australian voters across all states and territories. This question failed to reach a majority vote. The proposal was accompanied by three other referendum questions.


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Proposal, Question 2
Constitution Alteration (Simultaneous Elections) 1974 aimed to make simultaneous elections compulsory. Proposed law entitled ‘An Act to alter the Constitution so as to ensure that Senate elections are held at the same time as House of Representatives elections’. Do you approve the proposed law?


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Proposal, Question 3
Constitution Alteration (Mode of Altering the Constitution) 1974 aimed to make two alterations to section 128. The first was to provide electors in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory with the right to vote in constitutional referendums. The second was to allow amendments to be made to the Constitution with the approval of a majority of Australian voters and a majority of voters in half the States.


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Proposal, Question 3
Proposed law entitled ‘An Act to facilitate alterations to the Constitution and to allow electors in territories, as well as electors in the states, to vote at referendums on proposed laws to alter the Constitution’. Do you approve the proposed law?


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Proposal, Question 4
Constitution Alteration (Local Government Bodies) 1974 sought to give the Commonwealth Parliament powers to borrow money for, and to make financial assistance grants directly to, any local government body. Proposed law entitled ‘An Act to alter the Constitution to enable the Commonwealth to borrow money for, and to grant financial assistance to, local government bodies’. Do you approve the proposed law?


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Results
The results of the Referendum are calculated by dividing the total of formal and informal votes by the total enrolment figure. The final enrolment figure is the sum number of people who are entitled to vote in a referendum. Rejected declaration votes are not included in the voter turnout totalling.


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Results
The 1974 Australian Referendum (Democratic Elections) was an uncarried result, along with proposed question 2, 3 and 4.


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Public debate
There has been significant debate about the results of the 1974 Australian Referendum and the implications of it being unsuccessful. The failure of the 1971 Australian Referendum (Democratic Elections) proposal to reach a double majority raised questions about the strength of democracy in Australia’s parliamentary and electoral systems.


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Public debate
The proposal to enable people rather than geographic size as the determinant for the size of electorates was a goal to increase democratic processes. While the 1974 voter turnout did not indicate a lack of desire for an effective democratic design for electoral systems, it raised debate about democratic satisfaction in Australia. The series of four questions in the 1974 Australian Referendum also sparked scholarly discussions about voter volatility and uncertainty in referendum voting behaviour, unlike in elections.


1974 Australian referendum (Democratic Elections), Public debate
The view that political information is limited during referendum processes has been supported by various political scholars. The lack of information and resources available preceding referendums have been discussed by political scholars as contributing to lower percentage of voter approval. McGrath (2012) and DeLuc (2020) discuss the manner in which referendums receive limited media coverage and are less politicised, resulting in a limited dialogue about the subject of referendums and the implications of the possibility of a majority vote and or an uncarried referendum. There are views that limited media coverage and the depoliticised nature of referendums has led to poor voter knowledge, and that this can create a reluctance to vote, and to vote intentionally.


1974 Australian referendum (Local Government Bodies)
The Constitution Alteration (Local Government Bodies) 1974 was an Australian referendum held in the 1974 referendums which sought to amend the Australian constitution to allow the Commonwealth to grant financial assistance to local government body, and to borrow money on their behalf.


1974 Australian referendum (Local Government Bodies), Question
Proposed law entitled "An Act to alter the Constitution to enable the Commonwealth to borrow money for, and to grant financial assistance to, local government bodies".


1974 Australian referendum (Mode of Altering the Constitution)
Since federation, voters in the Australian territories had been excluded from voting in referendums. Constitution Alteration (Mode of Altering the Constitution) 1974  was an Australian referendum held in the 1974 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to enable electors in the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory to vote in referendums and for their votes to be counted in the national majority, but not towards any state total.


1974 Australian referendum (Mode of Altering the Constitution), Question
Proposed law entitled "An Act to facilitate alterations to the Constitution and to allow electors in territories, as well as electors in the states, to vote at referendums on proposed laws to alter the Constitution".


1974 Australian referendum (Mode of Altering the Constitution), Discussion
This referendum attempted to alter the way in which the results of referendum questions would be tallied. The votes of residents of territories was to be included in the national totals for deciding national majority and a majority of voters in only three of the six states would need to vote 'yes', rather than four out of six as in previous referendums.


1974 Australian referendum (Mode of Altering the Constitution), Discussion
Prior to this referendum, there were three referendum questions in which a majority of voters nationwide and the majority of voters in fewer than four states voted 'yes', which resulted in rejection of these questions. Had this modification been in place, two out of three of these questions would have carried. Additionally, in the two instances following this referendum where a majority of voters nationwide and the majority of voters in fewer than four states voted 'yes', only one of these outcomes would have been changed had this modification been in place.


1974 Australian referendum (Mode of Altering the Constitution), Discussion
A similar question without the modification to the double majority rule was put to referendum in Australian referendum, 1977 (Referendums), and was carried strongly. Given this, and examining the results of this question it can be inferred that the states with small populations were unwilling to give up their power for the sake of giving votes to territorians.


1974 Australian referendum (Simultaneous Elections)
Elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate of Australia are usually held simultaneously although this was a matter of convention rather than constitutional law. The Constitution Alteration (Simultaneous Elections) 1974 was an Australian referendum held in the 1974 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to enshrine simultaneous elections in the Constitution.


1974 Australian referendum (Simultaneous Elections), Question
Proposed law entitled "An Act to alter the Constitution so as to ensure that Senate elections are held at the same time as House of Representatives elections".


1974 Austrian Grand Prix
The 1974 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Österreichring on 18 August 1974. It was race 12 of 15 in both the 1974 World Championship of Drivers and the 1974 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 54-lap race was won by Carlos Reutemann, driving a Brabham-Ford, with Denny Hulme second in a McLaren-Ford and James Hunt third in a Hesketh-Ford.


1974 Austrian Grand Prix, Qualifying, Qualifying classification
*Positions with a pink background indicate drivers that failed to qualify


1974 Austrian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Austria on 23 June 1974 after incumbent President Franz Jonas died on 24 April. The Socialist Party nominated Foreign Minister Rudolf Kirchschläger, who won the election with 51.7% of the vote. The only other candidate was the mayor of Innsbruck, Alois Lugger, of the Austrian People's Party.


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
1974 was the tenth occasion on which the  BBC2 Floodlit Trophy competition had been held. A new name was put on the trophy when Salford won by beating Warrington by the score of 10-5 in a replay. The final was played at The Willows, Salford, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 4,473, receipts were £1913 and the score 0-0. The replay was at Wilderspool. The attendance was 5,778, receipts were £2434 and the score 10-5. This was the first (and only) floodlit final to require a replay after a drawn first match.


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Background
This season saw New Hunslet join the competition, which increased the number of entrants by one, to a new high total of twenty-two. The format remained the same as the last season with the preliminary round (generally) played on a two-legged home and away basis and the rest of the tournament being played on a knock-out basis. The exceptions to the two-legged preliminary rounds were the two matches where the four clubs had agreed to play a sudden-death match to avoid fixture congestion. The preliminary round now involved twelve clubs, to reduce the numbers taking part in the competition proper to just sixteen.


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Preliminary round – second leg
Involved  4 matches and the same 8 Clubs in reverse fixtures (the  other two matches were on a single leg basis)


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Final – replay, Teams and scorers
Scoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments
1 * The John Player Yearbook 1975–76  gives the attendance as 3,500, but the official St. Helens archives  gives it as 3,2722 * No return leg - both teams agreed to a single sudden-death match to avoid fixture congestion3 * This match was televised4 * The John Player Yearbook 1975–76  gives the attendance as 3,600, but the official St. Helens archives  gives it as 3,5765 * Dewsbury, who joined the  competition in season 1973–74, play their first game at home in the competition6 * New Hunslet join the competition and play first game in the competition, and first at home in the competition7 * The John Player Yearbook 1975–76  gives the attendance as 3,500, but the official St. Helens archives  gives it as 4,4748 * The Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook 1990-1991 and 1991-92  and the RUGBYLEAGUEprojects as gives it 4,473 but the John Player Yearbook 1975–76  as 4,4799 * The Willows was the home ground of Salford with a final capacity of 11,363 which included 2,500 seats.


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments
The record attendance was 26,470 on 13 February 1937 in the Challenge Cup first round match  vs Warrington. The final match played on 11 September 2011 at The Willows attracted 10,146 spectators to a Super League match which saw Salford lose 18-44 to Catalans Dragons, a record for a Salford home match in Super Leaguea * An unusual occurrence, a "seven point try", Salford's first score was a try by winger Keith Fielding, converted by David Watkins, followed by a penalty goal kicked by David Watkins awarded because Fielding had been fouled after scoring.


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments
b * The Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook 1990-1991 and 1991-92  and the RUGBYLEAGUEprojects xxx as gives it 5,578 but the John Player Yearbook 1975–76  as 5,748c * Wilderspool was the home ground of Warrington from 1883 to the end of the 2003 Summer season when they moved into the new purpose built Halliwell Jones Stadium. Wilderspool remained as a sports/Ruugby League ground and is/was used by Woolston Rovers/Warrington Wizards junior club. The ground had a final capacity of 9,000 although the record attendance was set in a Challenge cup third round match on 13 March 1948 when 34,304 spectators saw Warrington lose to Wigan 10-13.


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar
The Rugby League BBC2 Floodlit Trophy was a knock-out competition sponsored by the BBC and between rugby league clubs, entrance to which was conditional upon the club having floodlights. Most matches were played on an evening, and those of which the second half was televised, were played on a Tuesday evening. Despite the competition being named as 'Floodlit', many matches took place during the afternoons and not under floodlights, and several of the entrants, including  Barrow and Bramley did not have adequate lighting.


1974 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar
And, when in 1973, due to the world oil crisis, the government restricted the use of floodlights in sport, all the matches, including the Trophy final, had to be played in the afternoon rather than at night. The Rugby League season always (until the onset of "Summer Rugby" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused by inclement weather)


1974 BC Lions season
The 1974 BC Lions finished in third place in the Western Conference with an 8–8 record and appeared in the Western Semi-Final.


1974 BC Lions season
Running back Johnny Musso got injured early in the season and played only three games. However, backups Lou Harris and Monroe Eley took advantage of their opportunity. Harris had 1232 yards rushing, 532 receiving, league best 12 touchdowns and was named to the CFL all-star team. Eley also rushed for over a thousand yards (1176) giving the Lions one of the best single season running games in CFL history.


1974 BC Lions season
Don Moorhead continued to be the starting quarterback and threw for 2468 yards passing and 17 touchdown passes. However, Moorhead injured his knee and hand late in the season, and General Manager Jackie Parker traded for veteran quarterback Pete Liske in October as insurance. The Lions lost their final four games of the season, however, still made the final playoff spot via tiebreaker. In the Western Semi-Final, the Lions fell to Saskatchewan by a score of 24–14 (the Roughriders won all four games against the Lions in 1974).


1974 BC Lions season
Annis Stukus was elected to the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in the Builder category.


1974 BC Lions season
The Lions changed their jersey to short sleeves and all white numbers at home


1974 BRDC International Trophy
The 26th BRDC International Trophy was a non-championship Formula One race held at Silverstone on 7 April 1974. The 40-lap race was run in connection with a Formula 5000 event, and was won from pole position by James Hunt, driving a Hesketh-Ford, with Jochen Mass second in a Surtees-Ford and Jean-Pierre Jarier third in a Shadow-Ford.


1974 BYU Cougars football team
The 1974 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season. The Cougars were led by third-year head coach LaVell Edwards and played their home games at Cougar Stadium in Provo, Utah. The team competed as a member of the Western Athletic Conference, winning the conference for the first time since 1965 with an undefeated conference record of 6–0–1. BYU was invited to the 1974 Fiesta Bowl, where they lost to Oklahoma State.


1974 BYU Cougars football team, Game summaries, Colorado State
The game ended in controversy as Colorado State scored on the game's final play but the ensuing extra point from the 35-yard line, due to an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty, was missed although one official ruled that the attempt was good.


1974 Balkans Cup
The 1974 Balkans Cup was an edition of the Balkans Cup, a football competition for representative clubs from the Balkan states. It was contested by 6 teams and Akademik Sofia won the trophy.


1974 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1974 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season. In its fourth season under head coach Dave McClain, the team compiled a 6–4 record (– against conference opponents). The team played its home games at Ball State Stadium in Muncie, Indiana.


1974 Ballon d'Or
The 1974 Ballon d'Or,  given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to the Dutch striker Johan Cruyff on 31 December 1974. There were 26 voters, from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Germany, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Romania, Soviet Union, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, West Germany and Yugoslavia.


1974 Ballon d'Or
Cruyff became the first footballer to earn the award three times, following up from his wins in 1971 and 1973. French playmaker Michel Platini and Dutch compatriot Marco van Basten also won the Ballon d'Or three times after him.


1974 Baltimore Colts season
The 1974 Baltimore Colts season was the 22nd season for the team in the National Football League. The Colts finished with a record of 2 wins and 12 losses, fifth in the AFC East.


1974 Baltimore Colts season
Second-year head coach Howard Schnellenberger was fired after three games, after an argument with owner Robert Irsay over whether Marty Domres or Bert Jones should start at quarterback for the Colts.


1974 Baltimore Colts season
General manager Joe Thomas took over the head coaching duties for the remainders of the season, but could direct the team to only two wins, both on the road, as the Colts failed to win a home game during the 1974 season. This would be the last time the Colts would fail to win a home game in a non-strike season until their abysmal 1–15 1991 season, when the team was based in Indianapolis.


1974 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season
All-Pro linebacker Ted Hendricks signed a future contract with the World Football League, and was then traded by the Colts to the Green Bay Packers by general manager Joe Thomas. (Hendricks never ended up playing for the bankrupt WFL, and made four more Pro Bowls in his career.)


1974 Baltimore International
The 1974 Baltimore International was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Towson State College in Baltimore, Maryland in the United States that was part of the 1974 USLTA Indoor Circuit. It was the third edition of the event and was held from January 29 through February 3, 1974. Sandy Mayer won the singles title.


1974 Baltimore International, Finals, Doubles
Jürgen Fassbender /  Karl Meiler defeated  Owen Davidson /  Clark Graebner 7–6, 7–5


1974 Baltimore Orioles season
The 1974 Baltimore Orioles season in American baseball involved the Orioles finishing first in the American League East with a record of 91 wins and 71 losses. The Orioles went on to lose to the Oakland Athletics in the 1974 American League Championship Series, 3 games to 1.


1974 Baltimore Orioles season, Regular season
Much of the success of the team can be attributed to its infield. second baseman Bobby Grich, shortstop Mark Belanger and third baseman Brooks Robinson each led the American League for their positions in assists.


1974 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1974 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1974 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1974 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1974 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1974 Baltimore Orioles season, Postseason, ALCS
The Athletics defeated the Orioles, 3–1, limiting Baltimore to one run in the final three games.


1974 Bangladeshi presidential election
The first indirect presidential election was held on 24 January 1974. This was the first and last presidential election under a parliamentary system before the presidential system was introduced in January 1975. Mohammad Mohammadullah was elected as the president by the National Assembly without any voting since there were no other candidates. Mohammad Mohammadullah was sworn in at Bangabhaban on 27 January 1974.


1974 Barcelona WCT
The 1974 Barcelona WCT was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Barcelona, Spain. The tournament was part of Green Group of the 1974 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the second edition of the event and was held from 25 February through 3 March 1974. First-seeded Arthur Ashe won the singles title.


1974 Barcelona WCT, Finals, Doubles
Arthur Ashe /  Roscoe Tanner defeated  Tom Edlefsen /  Tom Leonard 6–3, 6–4


1974 Barking London Borough Council election
The 1974 Barking Council election took place on 2 May 1974 to elect members of Barking London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.


1974 Barking London Borough Council election, Background
100 Candidates across 7 parties ran. Labour was the only party that ran a full slate of candidates. The Conservative party ran 25 candidates and the Liberal Party ran 11 candidates.


1974 Barking London Borough Council election, Results
Labour comfortably maintained its majority holding all of its seats. The Residents Association held all 4 of its Councillors. Labour won 45 councillors to the Residents Association 4.


1974 Barnet London Borough Council election
The 1974 Barnet Council election took place on 2 May 1974 to elect members of Barnet London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1974 Barnett Bank Masters
The 1974 Barnett Bank Masters was a women's singles tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts at the Bartlett Park Tennis Center in St. Petersburg, Florida in the United States. The event was part of the 1974 Virginia Slims Series. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from April 15 through April 21, 1974. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned $9,000 first-prize money.


1974 Barnett Bank Masters, Finals, Doubles
Olga Morozova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Chris Evert /  Evonne Goolagong 6–4, 6–2


1974 Barnett Bank Tennis Classic
The 1974 Barnett Bank Tennis Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Orlando Racquet Club in Orlando, Florida in the United States. It was part of the USLTA Women's Circuit of the 1974 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from September 22 through September 26, 1974. Unseeded 17-year old Martina Navratilova won the singles title after reaching her first WTA final and, as she was still an amateur, she had to hand over her $10,000 first-prize money to the Czechoslovakian tennis federation.


1974 Barnett Bank Tennis Classic, Finals, Doubles
Françoise Dürr /  Betty Stöve defeated  Rosie Casals /  Billie Jean King 6–3, 6–7(2–5), 6–4


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1974 followed the system in place since 1971. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected two, Whitey Ford and Mickey Mantle. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players. It selected three people: Jim Bottomley, Jocko Conlan, and Sam Thompson. The Negro Leagues Committee also met in person and selected Cool Papa Bell. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on August 12, 1974, with Commissioner of Baseball Bowie Kuhn presiding.


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1954 or later, but not after 1968; the ballot included candidates from the 1973 ballot who received at least 5% of the vote but were not elected, along with selected players, chosen by a screening committee, whose last appearance was in 1968. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Voters were instructed to cast votes for up to 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. The ballot consisted of 42 players; a total of 365 ballots were cast, with 274 votes required for election. A total of 3,000 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.22 per ballot.


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Candidates who were eligible for the first time are indicated here with dagger (†). The two candidates who received at least 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Allie Reynolds was on the ballot for the final time.


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The newly-eligible players included 9 All-Stars, 4 of whom were not included on the ballot, representing a total of 75 All-Star selections. Among the new candidates were 20-time All-Star Mickey Mantle, 12-time All-Stars Elston Howard and Eddie Mathews, 9-time All-Star Rocky Colavito, 7-time All-Star Roger Maris and 5-time All-Star Larry Jackson.


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Players eligible for the first time who were not included on the ballot were: John Buzhardt, Wayne Causey, Lenny Green, Larry Jackson, Stu Miller, Bill Monbouquette, Russ Nixon, Larry Sherry, Norm Siebern, Bobby Tiefenauer and John Tsitouris.


1974 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, J. G. Taylor Spink Award
Warren Brown (1894–1978), John Drebinger (1891–1979) and John Kieran (1892–1981) received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring baseball writers. The awards were voted at the December 1973 meeting of the BBWAA, and included in the summer 1974 ceremonies.


1974 Basque Pelota World Championships
The 1974 Basque Pelota World Championships were the 7th edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships organized by  the FIPV.


1974 Basque Pelota World Championships, Events
A total of 12 events were disputed, in 4 playing areas.


1974 Bavarian Tennis Championships
The 1974 Bavarian Tennis Championships was a men's Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament held in Munich, West Germany which was played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 58th edition of the tournament and was held from 13 May through 19 May 1974. Seventh-seeded Jürgen Fassbender won the singles title.


1974 Bavarian Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Antonio Muñoz /  Manuel Orantes defeated  Jürgen Fassbender /  Hans-Jürgen Pohmann 2–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2


1974 Bavarian Tennis Championships – Doubles
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Wolbo (talk | contribs) at 17:19, 31 March 2020 (Updated infobox). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1974 Bavarian Tennis Championships – Doubles
Antonio Muñoz and Manuel Orantes won the title, defeating Jürgen Fassbender and Hans-Jürgen Pohmann 2–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 in the final.


1974 Bavarian Tennis Championships – Singles
Jürgen Fassbender won the title, defeating François Jauffret 6–2, 5–7, 6–1, 6–4 in the final.


1974 Baylor Bears football team
The 1974 Baylor Bears football team represented the Baylor University in the 1974 NCAA Division I football season. Baylor won eight games and captured the Southwest Conference (SWC) championship for the first time since 1924, and in the process defeated the Texas by a score of 34–24 after rallying from a 24–7 halftime deficit. It was Baylor's first victory over the Longhorns in 17 years. The 1974 season and the win over Texas are commonly referred to as the "Miracle on the Brazos" (after the Brazos River, which runs near the Baylor campus) and it remains part of Baylor lore.


1974 Baylor Bears football team, Team players drafted into the NFL
The following players were drafted into professional football following the season.


1974 Beit She'an attack
The 1974 Beit She'an attack, which took place during 19 November 1974, was a raid by a squad of three Palestinian militants, belonging to the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine militant organization, on the Israeli city of Beit She'an.


1974 Beit She'an attack
Four civilians were killed during the event and more than 20 civilians were injured. The three attackers were killed by responding Israeli special forces. The incident became notorious after an enraged mob of Israeli civilians that the army and police failed to control burned the bodies of the militants.


1974 Beit She'an attack, The attack
On Tuesday, 19 November 1974, three Palestinian militants who infiltrated into Israel from Jordan disguised as laborers. The militant squad arrived at the town of Beit She'an in northern Israel and entered a 4-storey building in the Eliyahu neighborhood. The militants were equipped with AK-47 rifles, grenades, bombs, axes, as well as a loudspeaker and leaflets for the negotiations with the Israeli security forces.


1974 Beit She'an attack, The attack
Initially the militants fired through the apartment doors hitting Mazal Edry, who died later of her wounds in the stairwell. Then the squad broke into the apartment of the Bibas family who lived on the third floor. After murdering the mother of the family, they threw grenades from the windows, demanding the release of their comrades from Israeli prisons. During the event, the three children of the Bibas family, jumped out of the apartment from their third-floor window, suffering only light injuries. Jean Pierre Alimi, a resident of the neighborhood, was killed by the militants while he helped evacuate the wounded.


1974 Beit She'an attack, The attack
The people evacuated from the building alerted the Border Police who soon afterwards surrounded the building. An attempt was made to negotiate with the militants. The IDF sent a team from the elite Sayeret Matkal special forces unit, which included Muki Betser, Shay Avital, and Nehemiah Tamari. After negotiations failed, the Sayeret Matkal team broke into the building, and killed the three militants in an exchange of fire. During the exchange of fire, the father of the Bibas family was killed.


1974 Beit She'an attack, The attack
During the entire event some 20 Israeli civilians were injured, many of them children whom jumped out of their apartment windows in order to save their lives.


1974 Beit She'an attack, The perpetrators
After the attack the Palestinian militant organization Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine claimed responsibility for the attack. Prior to this attack the organization performed several major attacks against Israeli targets, including: the Avivim school bus massacre carried out on 22 May 1970, and the Ma'alot massacre carried out on 15 May 1974.


1974 Beit She'an attack, Aftermath
After the militants were killed, a large crowd of locals gathered around the building. The police and IDF forces at the site failed to stop them as the angry residents entered the apartment and threw the bodies of the militants out the window. The angry mob poured petrol on the bodies and torched them. The body of one of the victims was accidentally lit as well. The maltreatment of the militants bodies was later on condemned by the Minister Shimon Peres and Rabbi Shlomo Goren who participated in the funerals of the victims.


1974 Beit She'an attack, Aftermath
Years after the event an avenue in Beit She'an was named "Shderat HaArba'ah" ("The Avenue of the Four") in memory of the victims of the attack.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1974 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Nivelles on 12 May 1974. It was race 5 of 15 in both the 1974 World Championship of Drivers and the 1974 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 85-lap race was won by Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi, driving a McLaren-Ford, with Austrian Niki Lauda a close second in a Ferrari and South African Jody Scheckter third in a Tyrrell-Ford. This race also marked the debut of Tom Pryce, making his first start for the newly formed Token team.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix
This was the second and last Belgian Grand Prix to be held at Nivelles. For most of the next decade, the race would be held at Zolder.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Clay Regazzoni got off to an instant lead from pole position. Emerson Fittipaldi was the closest anyone came to Regazzoni, having used the "clean" side of the grid to his advantage, leaving Jody Scheckter to fend off Niki Lauda for third. The rest came into turn 1 together.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
The rest of the opening lap was uneventful, with the field quickly settling down. Regazzoni had established a small lead over Fittipaldi, who was left to fend off Scheckter and Lauda, with Ronnie Peterson and James Hunt close behind. Carlos Pace came next with Patrick Depailler, Jean-Pierre Beltoise and Mike Hailwood, while Hans-Joachim Stuck rounded out the field after a terrible start.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
The following laps saw three groups form, each seemingly in their own race for the rest of afternoon. The fight for the lead featured the entire top six, who were running around Nivelles-Baulers nose-to-tail behind Regazzoni. The next group was headed by Pace, with his quintet of Depailler, Beltoise, Hailwood and Carlos Reutemann dropping away from sixth placed Hunt, but moving clear of Henri Pescarolo. Pescarolo was providing a bottle neck for the rest of the field, allowing both Jacky Ickx and Stuck to quickly climb up the order.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Unfortunately, the nature of the Nivelles-Baulers meant that overtaking was difficult, and Stuck dropped out of the race with a clutch issue. Ickx entered an intense duel with Arturo Merzario after both barged past Pescarolo. Pescarolo was left to fend off the rest of the field, only to be elbowed into the barriers by Guy Edwards, while Pace suffered a puncture and hence fell to the back of the pack.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Out front the top six remained glued together, unable to make a move on one another as they were all equally matched down the start/finish straight. The leaders came up to lap the backmarkers on lap 25.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Then, the top six came to lap François Migault, who was limping along in the outdated BRM, a few seconds behind Tim Schenken in the new Trojan. Regazzoni and Fittipaldi blasted past the Migault unhindered, before the group came into the braking zone for turn one. Lauda was next in line to take the BRM, but a slight hesitation from Lauda dropped him off the back of Fittipaldi. Once clear of Migault it quickly became clear that Lauda lacked the pace to keep with the leading duo without a tow, and so he tactfully allowed Scheckter past to claim his tow and drag himself back into contention.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Scheckter's strong pace did the trick, and its only took half a lap for the group to reform, aided by the fact that Regazzoni and Fittipaldi were about to lap a slower group of cars just ahead. This time, however, it would be Scheckter who got baulked, and by the time he and Lauda cleared the bunch, Regazzoni and Fittipaldi were four seconds clear. Scheckter and Lauda were therefore left to fight over third, while Peterson and Hunt dropped back after their own issues trying to make their way through the pack.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
With the top six now split, it seemed as if the race would be a straight fight between Regazzoni and Fittipaldi for the rest of the afternoon, with the pair equally matched and without the distraction of Scheckter and co. Yet, there was to be one more twist as the pair scythed through the traffic which ultimately destroyed hopes of a fight for the lead. The victim would be Regazzoni, who misjudged a move on the recovering Pace and ran onto the grass, allowing Fittipaldi to charge through into the lead.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
The Regazzoni ultimately rejoined behind teammate Lauda, who had pounced on Scheckter just a few corners earlier when the latter got baulked. As all of this was going on, Peterson slipped into the pits to have his front tyres changed, while Hunt had caught up to the back of the shackled Tyrrell after Scheckter's hesitation. Fittipaldi, meanwhile, was left with a one-second lead over Lauda and Regazzoni, with Lauda unable to really attack Fittipaldi.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Elsewhere, various mechanical issues had left Depailler on his own, now running in sixth, while Hailwood had escaped the pack to run in seventh, and was hunting down the Depailler. The Ickx/Merzario fight had ended when the latter retired, while the former's charge up the order ultimately came to an end when he had to stop for fresh tyres. Denny Hulme was making steady progress behind Beltoise, while John Watson and Jean-Pierre Jarier were running close together at the tail end of the top ten.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Hunt suffered a suspension failure, sending him spinning onto the grass. Hailwood, meanwhile, caught and passed Depailler, although the Hunt's race was ruined by a spin a lap later which dumped him back down the order. Hailwood therefore joined the "battle" between Beltoise, Hulme and Jarier, while Depailler soldiered on for a few more laps before his Tyrrell picked up its customary brake problem, forcing him into the pits.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
The two Lotus cars, meanwhile, were out of the fight, Peterson and Ickx taking turns to sit in the pits with a variety of issues being attended to, ranging from oil leaks to brake bleeding. Their miserable display was matched by Pace, whose race had come to an end with a vibration, while the sister car of Jochen Mass came to a stop with a suspension failure a few moments later.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Jack Brabham's race was also turning into a disaster, with factory drivers Rikky von Opel and Reutemann out, leaving just local racer Teddy Pilette running at the back of the field, while debutante Tom Pryce in the Token had a premature end to the race when Scheckter crashed into his car.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Into the closing stages and it seemed as if the only driver really trying to make a difference was Hailwood, who had been on top form before his pirouette at the chicane. Hailwood was throwing his car around every corner to try and move back past teammate Hulme, and on lap 65 made an optimistic dive into turn one put him ahead. Four laps later and Hailwood pulled a double move on Beltoise and Jarier, at the hairpin, before sprinting off to try and hunt down the now wounded Scheckter.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
Before any of that could be resolved, however, a wave of fuel feed problems shuffled the order behind the top two, with Regazzoni losing enough time to let a limping Scheckter through into third on the final lap. Ragazzonu was one of a number of victims of a lack of pickup by the fuel pump, which meant that the car would splutter around certain corners as the final few litres of fuel sloshed around the tank. Watson, Jarier, Vern Schuppan and Pryce (prior to his removal by Scheckter) were also victims of this issue, which vastly distorted the picture of the race.


1974 Belgian Grand Prix, Race
That late twist did not affect that race winner, however, with Fittipaldi winning half a second clear of Lauda, before a large gap to Scheckter. Regazzoni remained in fourth, running out of fuel as he crossed the line, while Hailwood's run had been brought to an end on the penultimate lap by a similar issue. Hailwood therefore finished a lap down in seventh, behind Beltoise and Hulme, while the wave of late race casualties had promoted Graham Hill and the lowly Lola into eighth, a stunning result for a new car, albeit one that had been artificially created in the closing stages


1974 Belgian general election
General elections were held in Belgium on 10 March 1974. The Belgian Socialist Party emerged as the largest faction in the Chamber of Representatives with 59 of the 212 seats. Voter turnout was 90.3%. Elections were also held for the nine provincial councils, as well as for the Council of the German Cultural Community for the first time.


1974 Belgian general election, Results, Council of the German Cultural Community
In this election, the new Council of the German Cultural Community (Rat der deutschen Kulturgemeinschaft) was directly elected for the first time; members of the council had been appointed a year earlier. The council is the precursor to the Parliament of the German-speaking Community.


1974 Belizean general election
General elections were in Belize on 30 October 1974. Belizeans elected 18 members to the House of Representatives. The elections were the first since the country was officially renamed from British Honduras in 1973.


1974 Belizean general election
The ruling People's United Party (PUP) won the largest share (12) of seats in the elections. The United Democratic Party – formed the previous year by a merger of the National Independence Party, People's Development Movement and Liberal Party – ran for the first time in this election, winning six seats. The UDP fielded candidates nationwide except in Corozal District, where it supported candidates from the Corozal United Front. The UDP absorbed the CUF after the election.


1974 Benson & Hedges Cup
The 1974 Benson & Hedges Cup was the third competing of cricket’s Benson & Hedges Cup. The competition was won by Surrey County Cricket Club.


1974 Berlin Marathon
The 1974 Berlin Marathon, known as the Berlin Volksmarathon, was the first running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, West Germany, held on 13 October. Two West Germans won the competitions, with Günter Hallas taking the men's race in 2:44:53 hours and Jutta von Haase finishing first among women with 3:22:01. A total of 244 runners finished the race, comprising 234 men and 10 women.


1974 Bexley London Borough Council election
The 1974 Bexley Council election took place on 2 May 1974 to elect members of Bexley London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1974 Bexley London Borough Council election, Background
Construction of the Thamesmead estate led to a new ward being created for this election, Thamesmead East returning three councilors.


1974 Big League World Series
The 1974 Big League World Series took place from August 10–17 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. Taipei, Taiwan defeated San Antonio, Texas in the championship game.


1974 Big League World Series
This year saw the debut of the Far East, and Mexico regions.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1974 Big Ten Conference football season was the 79th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1974 NCAA Division I football season.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1974 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Bo Schembechler, compiled a 10–1 record, tied for the Big Ten championship, led the conference in scoring defense (6.8 points allowed per game), and was ranked No. 3 in final AP Poll. Cornerback Dave Brown was selected a consensus first-team All-American for the second straight year. Gordon Bell led the team with 1,048 rushing yards and 11 touchdowns. Quarterback Dennis Franklin finished sixth in the voting for the Heisman Trophy.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1974 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, compiled a 10–2 record, tied with Michigan for the Big Ten championship, led the conference in scoring offense (36.4 points per game), and was ranked No. 4 in the final AP Poll. The Buckeyes lost to USC, 18–17, in the 1975 Rose Bowl. Running back Archie Griffin totaled 1,695 rushing yards and won the 1974 Heisman Trophy as the best player in college football. Three Buckeyes, Griffin, Kurt Schumacher, and Steve Myers, were selected as consensus first-team All-Americans.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1974 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Denny Stolz, compiled a 7–3–1 record, finished in third place in the Big Ten, and was ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll. Quarterback Charley Baggett was selected as the team's most valuable player.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1974 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1974 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Pre-season
In December 1973, former Michigan football player Gerald Ford was appointed as Vice President of the United States; he ascended to the Presidency in August 1974. Ford drew attention to the Michigan football program as he often had the Naval band play the University of Michigan fight song, The Victors, before state events instead of Hail to the Chief. During Ford's first foreign trip as President in November 1974, Emperor Hirohito of Japan greeted Ford with a military band playing The Victors.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 14
On September 14, 1974, the Big Ten football teams opened the season with five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 21
On September 21, 1974, the Big Ten teams played 10 non-conference games, resulting in seven wins, two losses, and one tie.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 28
On September 28, 1974, the Big Ten teams played 10 non-conference games, resulting in five wins and five losses.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 5
On October 5, 1974, the Big Ten teams played 10 non-conference games, resulting in four wins and six losses. After concluding three weeks of non-conference play, the Big Ten teams had compiled a 16–13–1 non-conference record.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 12
On October 12, 1974, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 19
On October 19, 1974, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 26
On October 26, 1974, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 2
On November 2, 1974, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 9
On November 9, 1974, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 16
On November 16, 1974, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 23
On November 23, 1974, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
On January 1, 1975, USC (ranked No. 4 in the Coaches Poll) defeated Ohio State (ranked No. 2 in the Coaches Poll), 18-17, in the 1975 Rose Bowl. USC quarterback Pat Haden passed to Shelton Diggs for the two-point conversion that gave the Trojans the victory and the national championship in the Coaches Poll.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Passing yards
1. Terry Jones, Indiana (1,347)2. Mitch Anderson, Northwestern (1,282)3. Gregg Bohlig, Wisconsin (1,212)4. Rob Fick, Iowa (1,059)5. Jeff Hollenbach, Illinois (1,037)


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Rushing yards
1. Archie Griffin, Ohio State (1,695)2. Courtney Snyder, Indiana (1,254)3. Billy Marek, Wisconsin (1,215)4. Gordon Bell, Michigan (1,048)5. Jim Pooler, Northwestern (949)


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Receiving yards
1. Larry Burton, Purdue (702)2. Trent Smock, Indiana (549)3. Joe Smalzer, Illinois (525)4. Bill Schultz, Iowa (432)5. Scott Yelvington, Northwestern (417)


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Total offense
1. Cornelius Greene, Ohio State (1,781)2. Charles Baggett, Michigan State (1,713)3. Archie Griffin, Ohio State (1,695)4. Terry Jones, Indiana (1,331)5. Courtney Snyder, Indiana (1,254)


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Passing efficiency rating
1. Terry Jones, Indiana (120.2)2. Rob Fick, Iowa (99.2)3. Mitch Anderson, Northwestern (88.8)


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Rushing yards per attempts
1. Archie Griffin, Ohio State (6.6)2. Rick Upchurch, Minnesota (6.2)2. Levi Jackson, Michigan State (6.2)4. Gordon Bell, Michigan (6.0)5. Mike Pruitt, Purdue (6.0


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Yards per reception
1. Jim Smith, Michigan (18.7)2. Larry Burton, Purdue (18.5)3. Joe Smalzer, Illinois (18.1)4. Trent Smock, Indiana (17.7)5. Bill Schultz, Iowa (17.3


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Points scored
1. Billy Marek, Wisconsin (114)2. Champ Henson, Ohio State (72)2. Archie Griffin, Ohio State (72)4. Gordon Bell, Michigan (66)4. Charles Baggett, Michigan State (66)


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press International (UPI) as first-team players on the 1974 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
At the end of the 1974 season, Big Ten players secured four of the consensus first-team picks for the 1974 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
Other Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
Ohio State running back Archie Griffin won the 1974 Heisman Trophy. Michigan quarterback Dennis Franklin finished sixth in the Heisman voting.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
Michigan State's Denny Stolz was named Big Ten Coach of the Year.


1974 Big Ten Conference football season, 1975 NFL Draft
The 1975 NFL Draft was held in New York on January 28–29, 1975. The following players were among the first 100 picks:


1974 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1974 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were published on 7 June 1974 for the United Kingdom, Australia (for Papua New Guinea), New Zealand, Mauritius, Fiji, the Bahamas, and Grenada.


1974 Birthday Honours
At this time honours for Australians were still being awarded in the UK honours on the advice of the premiers of Australian states. The Australian honours system began with the 1975 Queen's Birthday Honours.


1974 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1974 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)
At this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were "Member (fourth class)" and "Member (fifth class)", both with post-nominal letters MVO. "Member (fourth class)" was renamed "Lieutenant" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.


1974 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1974 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 15 June 1974.


1974 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1974 Blue Swords
Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles and pair skating.


1974 Blythe, California bus crash
A school bus-type vehicle carrying farm workers fell into a drainage canal near Ripley, California, southwest of Blythe, California, at approximately 6:30 a.m. PST before sunrise on January 15, 1974, killing 19 and injuring 28.


1974 Blythe, California bus crash, Accident
The 1955 GMC bus involved in the accident was owned by labor contractor Jesus Ayala and driven by Pablo Navarro Arellanos from the starting point of Calexico, California, bound to the intended destination of a High and Mighty Farms field, approximately 2–3 miles (3.2–4.8 km) away from the crash site. He was driving the bus at the intersection of 20th Avenue and Rannells Boulevard, posted with a speed limit of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h), and missed a 90 degree turn, causing the bus to fall and rest its left side in a drainage canal. The seats loosened and careened to the front, contributing to the deaths of Arellanos and some passengers.


1974 Blythe, California bus crash, Accident
Nineteen people were killed, officially due to drowning from water in the canal, and the remaining twenty-eight were injured. The reported depths of the water include 3–4 ft (0.91–1.22 m) inside the bus and 10 ft (3.0 m). Sources including a commentary by Cesar Chavez mention the deaths of family members including a father and his three teenage children. The majority of passengers in the bus were green card workers, and some were American citizens. Mexicali newspapers described the wrecked bus as a "wheeled coffin"; Chavez reportedly said the same on January 19 according to William T. Vollmann's book Imperial. Most of the injured people were treated in Palo Verde Hospital in Blythe; one was treated in Loma Linda.


1974 Blythe, California bus crash, Investigation
Survivors and investigators attributed the high speed of the bus for causing the accident; the California Highway Patrol assumed the bus traveled between 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) and 55 miles per hour (89 km/h) towards the intersection, while the NTSB determines the speed to between 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) and 55 miles per hour. According to the Palo Verde Valley Times, no defects in the vehicle were reportedly found by the CHP. The UFW's El Malcriado publication stated that the CHP found mechanical defects. The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that Arellanos' body had a blood alcohol content level of .03 percent, but the investigation could not determine when he drank. The NTSB also determined that the high number of deaths was contributed by the flimsy anchorage system of the seats.


1974 Blythe, California bus crash, Aftermath
A funeral mass was held on January 19 in the National Guard Armory in Calexico and fundraised money aid for the victims. Chavez spoke that the accident happened because "of a farm labor system that treats workers like agricultural implements and not as important human beings." The accident prompted Chavez and the UFW to demand inspections and safer conditions on farm labor buses.


1974 Blythe, California bus crash, Aftermath
Assemblyman Jack R. Fenton authored a bill, AB 2975, which would permit the California Labor Commissioner to rescind or refuse to renew a labor contractor's license due to failing to properly maintaining buses or employing an unlicensed driver. It would also require vehicle transporting farm workers to be inspected at least once a year and have drivers trained similarly to school bus drivers.


1974 Blythe, California bus crash, Aftermath
As of the beginning of 1975, according to CHP Lt. Art Wilson, new state regulations imposed due to the accident included an annual inspection on farm labor buses by the CHP and safety certification, limits on labor bus driver working time, and requirements for working speedometers and odometers on the buses. A regulation for seat securement was scheduled to be enacted on April 1 that year.


1974 Boise State Broncos football team
The 1974 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University during the 1974 NCAA Division II football season, the seventh season of Bronco football (at the four-year level) and the second in the newly reorganized Division II. The Broncos were in their fifth year as members of the Big Sky Conference (and NCAA) and played their home games on campus at Bronco Stadium in Boise, Idaho. This was the first season as "BSU" as the school had recently become a university.


1974 Boise State Broncos football team
Led by seventh-year head coach Tony Knap, the Broncos were 10–1 in the regular season and were again undefeated in conference (6–0), repeating as Big Sky champions. The only loss was by two points in-mid season at Las Vegas; the UNLV Rebels were led by running back Mike Thomas, a future NFL Rookie of the Year, and sophomore quarterback Glenn Carano. They built a 31-point lead, then hung on as Boise State answered with four straight touchdown passes from senior Jim McMillan. UNLV was undefeated until the Grantland Rice Bowl, the Division II semifinals.


1974 Boise State Broncos football team
Invited again to the eight-team Division II playoffs, BSU drew a road game in the quarterfinals at Central Michigan; the Chippewas won 20–6 and went on to win the national title. They moved up to Division I in 1975, joining the Mid-American Conference (MAC). In the regular season, the Broncos had scored at least 35 points in every game.


1974 Boise State Broncos football team
Following this season, Bronco Stadium was expanded with an upper deck added to the east grandstand, which increased the permanent seating capacity to 20,000. Part of the original design, it had been delayed for five years due to high costs.


1974 Boise State Broncos football team, All-conference
Six Broncos were named to the Big Sky all-conference team:


1974 Boise State Broncos football team, All-conference
Boise State also placed six players on the second team.


1974 Boise State Broncos football team, All-conference
Quarterback McMillan was a first-team Little All-American; Holton, Woolsey, and Schmidt were honorable mention.


1974 Boise State Broncos football team, NFL Draft
Three Broncos were selected in the 1975 NFL Draft, which lasted seventeen rounds (442 selections).


1974 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1974 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season. In its seventh season under head coach Joe Yukica, the team compiled an 8–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 365 to 154.


1974 Boston College Eagles football team
Quarterback Mike Kruczek set an NCAA major college, single-season record by completing 68.9% of his passes. He completed  104 of 151 passes for 1,274 passing yards, six touchdowns, and seven interceptions. Running back Keith Barnette totaled 1,097 rushing yards and 132 points scored on 22 rushing touchdowns, and wide receiver Dave Zumbach had 43 receptions for 557 yards and four touchdowns.


1974 Boston College Eagles football team
The team played its home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.


1974 Boston Red Sox season
The 1974 Boston Red Sox season was the 74th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished third in the American League East with a record of 84 wins and 78 losses, seven games behind the Baltimore Orioles.


1974 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Season summary, The injury bug struck Boston
Two calamities befell the Red Sox in 1974, and they would work to make the year a disappointing one and let the team get the nickname of "chokers". First Carlton Fisk, who appeared to be ready for greatness, tore up his left knee while blocking the plate in a June 28 game against the Cleveland Indians at Cleveland. He had surgery and was out for the rest of the season. Catching, meant to be a Sox strongpoint, became a weak one instead.


1974 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Season summary, The injury bug struck Boston
Then Rick Wise, who was expected to join with Luis Tiant and Bill Lee to give the Sox a solid 1–2–3 punch on the mound, missed much of the early part of the season with a shoulder injury, and when he was coming back from that he broke a finger when his wife accidentally closed a door on his hand. He ended up at 3–4 with Boston in 1974.


1974 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Season summary, Falling short again
Despite the injuries, the team persevered, actually holding a seven-game lead as of August 23. After that, the Sox went into an incredible slump, losing 24 of the final 38 games and dropping all the way to third. As late as August 29, they were still up on the second place New York Yankees by 4 and the Baltimore Orioles by 8. Boston lost 8 in a row, including an infamous Labor Day doubleheader to the streaking Orioles, both games by the score of 1–0. Boston finished the season seven games behind the division-winning Orioles and five behind second-place New York.


1974 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Season summary, Falling short again
As a team they batted .203 over their last 33 games. Boston fans were livid, and some said that the Sox had been playing over their heads all along and that it had finally caught up with them, especially when they lacked Fisk and Wise. Boston licked its wounds, taking some consolation from Carl Yastrzemski's .301 average, with 15 homers and 79 RBIs. Dwight Evans had .281, 10 homers and 70 RBIs. There were 22 wins for Tiant and 17 for Bill Lee. Twice in three years, the Red Sox fans thought they had the pennant, and twice the team had failed them.


1974 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1974 Boston University Terriers football team represented Boston University as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1974 NCAA Division II football season. In its second season under head coach Paul Kemp, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record (3–3 against conference opponents), placed in a four-way tie for third in the Yankee Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 145 to 129.


1974 Boston University Terriers football team
When coach Paul Kemp took over at Boston University in 1973, he inherited a team that finished 2–8 in 1972. The team improved to 3–8 in 1973. Kemp termed the 1974 season "Project Turnabout", and the team opened with three wins and one loss. The team went 2–3–1 in its final four games, but still wound up with the program's first winning season since 1970. Near the end of the season, coach Kemp said: "We're happy with our winning season. I think we're a pretty good team and we've been getting better in each game."


1974 Boston University Terriers football team
Several Boston University players received post-season honors in 1974. Five were named to the All-Yankee Conference football team selected by the conference coaches: offensive tackle Jim Roderick, offensive guard Kevin Brooks, center Don Chrisos, linebacker Gary Dziama, and cornerback Rick Porter. Two (Chrisos and Dziama) were also named first-team players on the All-New England team.


1974 Boston University Terriers football team
Boston University played its home games on Nickerson Field, which was part of the Case Sports Complex and was formerly known as Braves Field, the home of the Boston Braves.


1974 Botswana general election
General elections were held in Botswana on 26 October 1974. With 205,050 registered voters, turnout was just 31.22%. The result was a third successive landslide victory for the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), who won 27 of the 32 elected seats, including four in which they were unopposed. Local elections were held on the same day, with a turnout of just 30.3%, and saw the BDP strengthen its position.


1974 Botswana general election, Campaign
A total of 63 candidates contested the elections. The BDP ran a full slate of 32 candidates, the Botswana National Front had 14 candidates, the Botswana People's Party had eight, the Botswana Independence Party had six, and there were three independents.


1974 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1974 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1974 NCAA Division I football season. In their seventh season under head coach Don Nehlen, the Falcons compiled a 6–4–1 record (2–3 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 249 to 203.


1974 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The team's statistical leaders included Mark Miller with 725 passing yards, Dave Preston with 1,414 rushing yards, and John Boles with 291 receiving yards.


1974 Brantford municipal election
The 1974 Brantford municipal election took place on December 2, 1974, to elect a mayor, councillors, and school trustees in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Elections also took place in the rural and small-town communities surrounding Brantford.


1974 Brantford municipal election
Charles Bowen was elected to a second two-year term as the mayor of Brantford.


1974 Brazilian Grand Prix
The 1974 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Interlagos on 27 January 1974. It was race 2 of 15 in both the 1974 World Championship of Drivers and the 1974 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 32-lap race was won by McLaren driver Emerson Fittipaldi after he started from pole position. Clay Regazzoni finished second for the Ferrari team and Lotus driver Jacky Ickx.


1974 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
Emerson Fittipaldi took pole position for his home race from Carlos Reutemann. The start of the race was delayed as the track had to be swept clear of broken glass from over-exuberant spectators' celebrations and then Arturo Merzario's engine failed. When it did start, the flag caught some of the field unawares. Reutemann and Ronnie Peterson took advantage of the confusion to sweep into the lead, but by lap 4,  Reutemann's tyres were going off. The race developed into a classic duel between Fittipaldi and Peterson, the Brazilian taking the lead on lap 16 and the Swede soon having to pit with a puncture (believed to be caused by some glass still left on the track).


1974 Brazilian Grand Prix, Race, Race summary
Fittipaldi thus led Clay Regazzoni and Jacky Ickx until on lap 31 the heavens opened. With the track awash and the conditions dangerous, the race was red-flagged after 32 of the scheduled 40 laps. It was McLaren's second win of the year, but it was Ferrari who, with Regazzoni, topped the drivers' table - for the first time since March 1971.


1974 Brazilian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Brazil on 15 November 1974. The National Renewal Alliance won 203 of the 364 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, whilst the Brazilian Democratic Movement won 16 of the 22 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 80.9%.


1974 Brazilian presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Brazil on 15 January 1974. They were the fourth presidential elections held under the military government and were carried out through an electoral college.


1974 Brazilian presidential election, Background
All elections during the military government elected candidates from the National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA), though the 1966 and 1969 were one-party elections. In other elections during the military government, there were two parties running for elections.


1974 Brazilian presidential election, Candidates
The candidatures were defined in September 1973, on party conventions. The first defined were from the ARENA on day 14 and 15, when Ernesto Geisel was chosen as president candidate, and Adalberto Pereira dos Santos as vice-president.


1974 Brazilian presidential election, Candidates
The Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) chose its candidates on day 22, when they chose Ulysses Guimarães and Barbosa Lima Sobrinho with 201 votes. The MDB president declared that "with no popular vote, all solutions chosen will be from the ruling party".


1974 Brent London Borough Council election
The 1974 Brent Council election took place on 2 May 1974 to elect members of Brent London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.


1974 Brisbane flood
In January 1974 a flood occurred in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia after three weeks of continual rain. The Brisbane River, which runs through the heart of the city, broke its banks and flooded the surrounding areas. The cyclone that produced the flood also flooded surrounding cities: Ipswich, Beenleigh, and the Gold Coast.


1974 Brisbane flood
In total, there were 16 fatalities, 300 people injured, 8000 homes destroyed and an estimated A$980 million in damages.


1974 Brisbane flood, Flood waters
It had been an exceptionally wet spring, and by the end of October most of southern Queensland's river systems were nearing capacity. Cyclone Wanda pushed the systems to the limit, and drew the monsoonal trough southward, providing the additional rainfall to the Brisbane River, Bremer River and Stanley River catchments to produce widespread and severe flooding. In the early morning of 25 January heavy rain began to fall on Brisbane. During a 36-hour period 642 mm of rain fell on the city. These torrential rains were caused by Wanda, a relatively weak tropical cyclone which did not even rate as a category 1 cyclone.


1974 Brisbane flood, Flood waters
Continual, heavy rain had fallen for three weeks, leading up to the flood, which occurred on Sunday, 27 January 1974, during the Australia Day weekend. The floods peaked at 6.6 metres (22 ft) according to the Port Office gauge at high tide at 2:15 am on 29 January. The peak flooding in the location of the city gauge was approximately 5.5 metres (18 ft).


1974 Brisbane flood, Damage
Large areas were inundated, with at least 6,700 homes flooded. Around 13,000 buildings were affected by flooding in some way. Buildings in the Brisbane central business district were particularly hard hit.


1974 Brisbane flood, Damage
The 67,320 tonne Robert Miller broke its moorings at Kangaroo Point and became adrift in the river. Because the ship was 237 metres long and the river was about 255 metres wide, it was feared that the ship could form a dam across the river. This would have caused the river to rise by a further 3 metres, leading even greater flooding in the suburbs. Two tugboats were needed to control the 15 m high and 239 m long oil tanker. The Robert Miller was the largest ship ever built in Australia at the time.


1974 Brisbane flood, Damage
A gravel barge became caught under the Centenary Bridge where it damaged the pylons, causing fear that the bridge would be swept away. The barge was sunk to reduce the risk.


1974 Brisbane flood, Damage
The Nerang River flooded, cutting the Gold Coast off from Brisbane. About 2000 people were evacuated from homes along the river and the canals; most of these homes suffered flood damage.


1974 Brisbane flood, Damage
The total damage in Brisbane and the surrounding areas was initially estimated at A$200 million, but the final value was over A$980 million (1974 values), with $328 million made in insurance claims. While not as high as the floods in the 1800s this flood is considered to have been worse due to Brisbane's rapidly increasing population at the time.


1974 Brisbane flood, Damage
Many houses were also damaged by land subsidence and land slippage associated with the flooding and high rainfall.


1974 Brisbane flood, Fatalities
Sixteen people lost their lives, including twelve people who were drowned in Brisbane and Ipswich.


1974 Brisbane flood, Fatalities
The first flood related deaths were at 11:20pm on 24 January. Raymond Roy Davidson (29 years, from Wacol) and Hazel Dulcie Afflick (40 years) were killed in a head-on collision at Wacol, both drivers being blinded by gale-force winds and heavy rain.


1974 Brisbane flood, Fatalities
An army amphibious LARC vehicle was carrying out excavation work at Bellbowrie when the vehicle hit submerged power lines which were still live. Two men, Corporal Neville Hourigan and Captain Ian Kerr of the Australian Army Reserve (then called the Citizens Military Force) were thrown from the vehicle. Bill Lickiss jumped into the water to save them. Hourigan died at the scene and Kerr's body was found after the flood had subsided. Lickiss was awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal.


1974 Brisbane flood, Fatalities
A young child, Shane David Patterson (of Yeronga) was swept from his father's arms on a causeway over Oxley Creek in Inala and drowned.


1974 Brisbane flood, Fatalities
In addition to those that drowned, Robert Adams (aged 56 years) died of a heart attack during an evacuation of a caravan park at Newmarket. Aidan Sutton, a civilian working with the Queensland Police, aged 50 years, returned home to St Lucia for his reading glasses and was swept away in the flood waters, his body found in a tree.


1974 Brisbane flood, Flood Mitigation
As a result of the flood, Wivenhoe Dam was built along the Brisbane River.


1974 Brisbane flood, Flood Mitigation
The flood was a defining event for a generation of Brisbane residents. In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the 1974 Brisbane flood was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Defining Moment".


1974 Brisbane flood, Flood Mitigation
The renewed awareness of the flood hazard in this rapidly growing region gave the state an opportunity to significantly re-think flood management and mitigation practices. This opportunity was missed, and the introduction of the  largely upheld conventional planning and development. The dependence on dams was confirmed; a flood plan policy was not introduced until the 21st century. Only 36 years later, the region suffered another disaster of similar magnitude during the 2010–11 Queensland floods.


1974 Bristol bombing
The 1974 Bristol bombing was a twin bomb attack carried out by the Provisional IRA in a shopping street in Bristol city centre on 18 December 1974. A bomb was placed in a holdall outside Dixons Photographic shop on Park Street which exploded just before 8 pm. Nine minutes later another more powerful bomb detonated in a dustbin 30 yards away. The blasts injured 20 people and was part of the IRA's bombing campaign in England. The IRA gave a telephone warning for the first bomb but not the second one.


1974 Bristol bombing
The "come-on" tactic of a second bomb was used weeks before in a bombing in London and had been used many times before in Northern Ireland.


1974 Bristol bombing
The region was targeted by the IRA for a time. Eight days before Bristol, a bomb exploded in England at The Corridor in Bath, causing severe damage. Four days later a bomb exploded in Newport, South Wales. On 17 December 1978 Bristol was targeted by the IRA again in a bombing near Maggs Department Store in Clifton that injured at least seven people.


1974 British Airways bombing attempt
On 23 July 1974, a small bomb was found aboard a British Airways flight from Aldergrove Airport, near Belfast, to London, following a telephoned warning. The flight made an emergency landing at Manchester Airport. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) claimed it had planted the bomb as a symbolic act, and that it had not been set to explode. It is the only time that the IRA has planted a bomb aboard an aircraft, and was the second terrorist incident involving a bomb aboard an aircraft in the United Kingdom.


1974 British Airways bombing attempt, Incident
The flight took off from Aldergrove Airport, near Antrim Town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, for a domestic flight to London Heathrow Airport, England. As the flight was over the Irish Sea a phone call was made to The Irish News warning that a bomb was on board and would explode. The flight crew diverted and made an emergency landing at Manchester Airport. All 85 passengers and crew were removed from the aircraft. Police found the bomb in a plastic bag under one of the seats. The bomb had 2 kg (4.4 lb) of explosives and was removed where a controlled explosion was carried out.


1974 British Airways bombing attempt, Incident
Three police officers from the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) were on board the flight. These included the Chief Constable of the RUC, Jamie Flanagan, together with his wife Florence, and two police officers with their families who were travelling to London to attend an investiture; the two officers were to receive the British Empire Medal from Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for their work during the ongoing Northern Ireland conflict. Jim Molyneaux, MP, Chief Whip for the Ulster Unionist Party and a senior member of the Orange Order, was also on the flight. A young Bob Rae, who would later become Premier of the Canadian province of Ontario and leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, was also a passenger.


1974 British Airways bombing attempt, Aftermath
The IRA claimed that they had put the bomb on the aircraft. The IRA said the bomb was not primed and was not meant to detonate, but that it had been planted as a symbolic act, to show that they could get through the security at Aldergrove Airport, near Belfast. It is unknown how the bomb made its way on board.


1974 British Airways bombing attempt, Aftermath
The British Airline Pilots' Association called for sterner security measures at Aldergrove Airport in County Antrim, such as banning hand luggage, banning cleaners from boarding the aircraft during the turn-round, and not taking on catering supplies at Aldergrove.


1974 British Commonwealth Games
The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch, New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974. The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games. The Games were officially named "the friendly games". There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials, according to the official history, and public attendance was excellent. The main venue was the QEII Park, purpose built for this event. The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool, diving tank, and practice pools were all on the one site. The theme song was "Join Together", sung by Steve Allen. The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Participating teams
38 teams were represented at the 1974 Games. (Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Security
The Games were the first large international athletic event after the murder of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. The Athletes Village, the Student accommodation of the University of Canterbury, was temporarily fenced in and guarded for the duration of the games. Only official vehicles and persons were allowed into sensitive areas around the venues.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Logo
The logo was the second (after Edinburgh) to be protected and trademarked, and set a design benchmark which was echoed in the logos of the next five games. The logo was designed by Wellington designer Colin Simons as the result of a design competition, and posters were designed by Bret de Thier.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Logo
In recent years the logo has been regarded as one of New Zealand's iconic symbols, being reproduced on clothing and elsewhere.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Television
The Games were also an important milestone in New Zealand television, marking the introduction of colour television. However, due to the NZBC's limited colour facilities, only athletics, swimming, and boxing could be broadcast in colour.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Television
Meanwhile, paralleling the Television coverage, the National Film Unit produced Games '74, a fine feature-length documentary of the Christchurch games (and the many events) in full colour. This has since been restored and is available on DVD.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony was held in the mid afternoon, with Prince Philip as the attending royal. A fanfare announced the guard of honour by the New Zealand Defence Forces, inspected by Prince Philip. This was followed by the raising of flags of the past, present, and future hosts. God Save the Queen was sung. The field was then invaded by 2500 school children in red, white and blue rain slicks all forming in the centre to create the NZ74 symbol.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Opening ceremony
The official promotional song, 'Join Together', composed especially for the games by Steve Allen, was performed by a mass choir, as well as 'What the world needs now is love'. A Māori concert group then performed action songs and a haka, before the teams march past. The athletes then took the oath and Sylvia Potts, the runner who fell mere meters from a gold medal finish in the 1970 Games, entered the stadium with the Queen's Baton. It was presented to Prince Philip who read the message from the Queen declaring the 1974 Christchurch 10th British Commonwealth Games open. The Commonwealth flag was then marched in and hauled up with a 21 gun salute.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Precedents set
While the opening ceremony was a regimented and very formal affair, the late afternoon closing ceremony was anything but. This set a precedent for other closing ceremonies since then. With the formalities out of the way, the handing over of the flag to representatives of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the athletes broke ranks and ran amok, much to the delight of the packed stadium and the Queen herself. A flypast of the then Red Checkers RNZAF display team brought the ceremony to a close as the Queen and Prince Philip did a lap of honour around the stadium and departed.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Precedents set
The youngest competitor at the games was New Zealander Rebecca Perrott, 12½; swimming for Fiji at the games, as her father was Registrar at the University of the South Pacific.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
Christchurch was (and still is) the smallest city to host the modern televised Commonwealth Games. This was the first games that tried using the "Olympic" look with a standard colour scheme for facilities, passes, flags, stationery, and above all uniforms (which wearers only borrowed, but could buy outright as a memento thus helping keep costs down).


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
Its striking NZ74 design logo is now a well used (sometimes illegally) symbol of New Zealand as a nation and Christchurch as a city. It is still copyright owned by Christchurch City Council but is allowed for free use unless for commercial gain. Badges, lapels, stationery and postcards are still in re-manufactured circulation.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
This was also the first time that a city had asked the Games Federation to allow commercial advertising. This was voted down as the Federation feared that advertising by big corporations would remove focus away from the amateur ethos of the Games. As no commercial hoardings were allowed, Christchurch got around this with the use of "sponsorship", one example being General Motors providing a lease fleet of Holden HQ Kingswood sedans that would be sold off after the games. The cars are now sought after by private and museum collectors and have depreciated little in value. Air New Zealand allowed large NZ74 symbols to be placed on the fuselage sides of the airline's brand new McDonnell Douglas DC-10s, giving free advertising around the world. This in itself set a trend since with airlines vying to be "official airline" of a particular event.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
Although the Games themselves were a success, making a then sizable profit of $500,000, the "sponsorship" was nowhere near enough. The City of Christchurch was left with a financial facilities management debt (QEII Park) of what would be in today's (2016) amount of NZ$120 million. This deterred the city from hosting major events until 1990 when the government stepped in with lotteries funding to clear the remaining debt. By then, Auckland's 1990 games had been fully commercialized.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
Queen Elizabeth II ParkThe most visible facility left behind by the 1974 Commonwealth Games was the purpose built stadium and swimming complex. For a few years after, the stadium was a popular destination for sports and leisure patrons who were well indulged in first class facilities. However the costs of maintaining the complex grew over time and soon other additions included hydro-slides and fun park outside on the large grassed area that was once the race course.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
Christchurch City Council, the owner of the complex continued to develop the ground and for five years from 1990, allowed the Canterbury Greyhound Club to run a track on the inner oval. The main swimming pool was adapted so it could be decked over for Basketball and Netball. Football and Rugby League returned to the stadium in 1995 on a more permanent basis and a minor refurbishment of the track saw athletics events become a main summer event again.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
Early plans for a hosting of the 2022 Commonwealth Games were in hand when the September 2010 earthquake of around 7.1 hit near Christchurch and damaged the facility. Assessors immediately reported that the damage was repairable and could be covered by insurance. The swimming pools were drained to await repair when the more devastating 22 February 2011 earthquake struck Christchurch, damaging the entire facility, already weakened, beyond economic repair. After laying abandoned for three years, the stadium was demolished and by 2016 the ground stabilized in preparation of more economical facilities and a connecting high school.


1974 British Commonwealth Games, Economic legacy aspects
Future 2026/2030 Bids proposalsAs a rebuilding legacy, there have been calls for Christchurch to bid for the new style Commonwealth Games that allow a core central city to host a more nationwide event. This has been seen as a more economical format for smaller cities, and countries to host what had become an expensive event for a singular city to host.


1974 British Grand Prix
The 1974 British Grand Prix (formally the John Player Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on 20 July 1974. It was race 10 of 15 in both the 1974 World Championship of Drivers and the 1974 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 75-lap race was won by Jody Scheckter, driving a Tyrrell-Ford, with Emerson Fittipaldi second in a McLaren-Ford and Jacky Ickx third in a Lotus-Ford. Niki Lauda completed just 73 laps but was allowed an extra lap after the team protested his exit from the pit lane was blocked after a late wheel change. He initially classified ninth, but was awarded fifth place after appeal.


1974 British Grand Prix, Classification, Qualifying
*Positions with a pink background indicate drivers that failed to qualify


1974 British Hard Court Championships
The 1974 British Hard Court Championships, also known by its sponsored name Rothmans British Hard Court Championships, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at The West Hants Club in Bournemouth, England. The men's event was part of the Grand Prix circuit and categorized as B class. The tournament was held from 20 May through 26 May 1974. Ilie Năstase and Virginia Wade won the singles titles.


1974 British Hard Court Championships, Finals, Men's doubles
Juan Gisbert /  Ilie Năstase defeated  Corrado Barazzutti /  Paolo Bertolucci  6–4, 6–2, 6–0


1974 British Hard Court Championships, Finals, Women's doubles
Julie Heldman /  Virginia Wade defeated  Patti Hogan /  Sharon Walsh 6–2, 6–2


1974 British League Division Two season
The 1974 British League Division Two season was the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain. It was the final season of British League Division Two before it was renamed as the New National League.


1974 British League Division Two season, Summary
The league was again expanded by one team from 18 to 19 teams. Weymouth Wizards were the new addition to the league, returning to action after five years out. Additionally there were two in and two out; Hull Vikings had moved up to the British League swapping places with Coatbridge Tigers and also swapping their top riders. Rayleigh Rockets closed down but the promotion, riders and nickname moved to Rye House. It was the first season of speedway at Rye House since the 1959 Southern Area League.


1974 British League Division Two season, Summary
There were a few changes of nicknames; the Chesterton Potters changed their team name to the Stoke Potters, Bradford became the Barons, Sunderland became the Stars and Long Eaton raced as the Archers.


1974 British League Division Two season, Summary
Birmingham Brummies won their first title, completing a league and cup double. Australian Phil Herne improved his average by over 3 points from the 1973 season and Arthur Browning also exceeded a 10 average, the two factors proved to be the catalyst for Birmingham's success. John Hart and George Major both scored heavily throughout the season too.


1974 British League Division Two season, British League Division Two Knockout Cup
The 1974 British League Division Two Knockout Cup was the seventh edition of the Knockout Cup for tier two teams. Birmingham Brummies were the winners of the competition.


1974 British League Division Two season, British League Division Two Knockout Cup, Final
Birmingham were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 81–74.


1974 British League season
The 1974 British League season was the 40th season of the top tier of speedway in the United Kingdom and the tenth season known as the British League.


1974 British League season, Summary
The 1973 Champions Reading didn't compete as they no longer had a stadium, following the closure of Reading Stadium and Hull Vikings replaced them. The league was reduced to seventeen teams when the Coatbridge Tigers dropped down to Division Two. Overseas riders that rode in other leagues abroad were banned which meant that top Swedish riders such as Anders Michanek, Bernt Persson, Tommy Jansson and Christer Löfqvist didn't compete.


1974 British League season, Summary
The Exeter Falcons won their first title. They were headed by the legendary four time world champion Ivan Mauger and backed up well by Scott Autrey (8.32), Tony Lomas (7.29) and Kevin Holden (7.26).


1974 British League season, Summary
At the end of the season Oxford Rebels finished four points above the Hull Vikings courtesy of a protest over Hull's victory against the Rebels. Hull were later re-awarded the points after a close season hearing and moved above the Rebels.


1974 British League season, Final table
M = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points


1974 British League season, British League Knockout Cup
The 1974 Speedway Star British League Knockout Cup was the 36th edition of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams. Sheffield were the winners.


1974 British League season, British League Knockout Cup, Final, Second leg
Sheffield Tigers were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 90-65.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa
In 1974, the British Lions toured South Africa, with matches in South West Africa and Rhodesia. Under the leadership of Willie John McBride, the Lions went through the tour undefeated, winning 21 of their 22 matches and being held to a draw in the final match, albeit in controversial circumstances. The 1974 squad became known as 'The Invincibles' and regarded as the greatest rugby tour in history.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Apartheid backdrop and controversy
The Lions tour took place against the backdrop of widespread condemnation of the apartheid regime. Under pressure from other African nations, the International Olympic Committee had excluded South Africa from competing in the Summer Games since 1964, and there had also been protests against visiting sporting teams from South Africa.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Apartheid backdrop and controversy
Several rugby players, like Welsh flanker John Taylor, took a stand against apartheid by making themselves unavailable for squad selection. Gerald Davies declined the tour on his personal uncomfortable position at the consequences and realities of apartheid.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Apartheid backdrop and controversy
By November 1973, the United Nations had declared apartheid "a crime against humanity" and in November 1974 South Africa was suspended from participating in the General Assembly.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Apartheid backdrop and controversy
The Lions made one more tour during Apartheid (in 1980), and did not tour South Africa again until 1997.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, The 99 call
The test series was beset by violence. The management of the Lions unilaterally declared that in their opinion the Springboks dominated their opponents with physical aggression because of their famous size advantage, 'off the ball' and 'blind side' play. In the buildup games, and in McBride's previous tours of South Africa, provincial sides had tended to use their physical size, late tackling and dirty play to deliberately intimidate and injure Lions players prior to Test matches.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, The 99 call
McBride again saw this tactic of targeting certain players being used by the provinces in 1974, and decided that the '99 call' (originally the '999 call' but it was too slow to shout out) was meant to show that the Lions were a team and would not take any more of the violence being meted out to them. It was intended to show that the Lions would act as one and fight unsporting behaviour with more of the same. The idea was that the referee would be unlikely to send off all of the Lions if they all attacked.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, The 99 call
At the 'Battle of Boet Erasmus Stadium', in Port Elizabeth, one of the most violent matches in rugby history, there is famous video footage of JPR Williams running over half the length of the pitch to launch himself at Moaner van Heerden after such a call. According to McBride, the 99 call was only used once, as it sent out the message that the Lions were willing and more than able to respond in kind and protect themselves.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Test matches, First Test
In muddy conditions at Newlands, the Lions took a while to settle, conceding the lead for the first time on the tour before steadying to win the opening Test comfortably.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Test matches, First Test
South Africa: Ian McCallum, Chris Pope, Johan Oosthuizen, Peter Whipp, Gert Muller, Dawie Snyman, Roy McCallum, Morne du Plessis, Jan Ellis, Jan Boland Coetzee, John Williams, Kevin de Klerk, Hannes Marais (c), Piston van Wyk, Sakkie Sauerman


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Test matches, First Test
Lions: JPR Williams, Steele, Milliken, McGeechan, JJ Williams, Bennett, Edwards, Davies, Uttley, Slattery, Brown, McBride (c), Cotton, Windsor, McLauchlan


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Test matches, Second Test
The Lions went in at half-time with a 10–3 advantage, thanks to two tries from J. J. Williams. The lead was reduced to 10—6 when Bosch scored a penalty early in the second half, but that was as close as the Springboks came. Thereafter the Lions took control, with tries to Bennett, Brown and Milliken. It was up to that point the heaviest defeat in Springbok history.


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Test matches, Second Test
South Africa: Ian McCallum (replaced Snyman, replaced Vogel), Chris Pope, Jackie Snyman, Peter Whipp, Gerrie Germishuys, Gerald Bosch, Paul Bayvel, Dugald MacDonald, Jan Ellis, Morne du Plessis, John Williams, Kevin de Klerk, Hannes Marais (c), Dave Frederickson, Nic Bezuidenhoudt


1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, Test matches, Second Test
Lions: J. P. R. Williams, Steele, Milliken, McGeechan, JJ Williams, Bennett, Edwards, Davies, Uttley, Slattery, Brown, McBride (c), Cotton, Windsor, McLauchlan