1977 (Ash album), Composition and lyrics
Wheeler wrote it at home in three minutes before leaving to record with Morris. Wheeler claimed that he binge-listened to the Ramones over the Christmas period, while discovering the words "kung fu", "Hong Kong", and "fu manchu". "Oh Yeah" is a nostalgic track about teenage romance, and features extra vocals by Lisa Moorish. Wheeler wrote it when he was 18 about his first romance at 15, when he experienced those emotions for the first time.


1977 (Ash album), Composition and lyrics
"Let It Flow" was written in the studio, and originally featured an intro before the chorus section, which was later dropped. The song's original lyrics were scrapped, and re-written by Wheeler while the rest of the band were at a pub. "Innocent Smile" was about "small town Ireland hoodlums", and is indebted to Daydream Nation (1988)-era Sonic Youth with its slow build-up. "Angel Interceptor" is a mix of punk rock and doo-wop. At the end, McMurray can be heard yelling "Whooo! Yeah, we’ve got it! ", while he was on his first ecstasy trip.


1977 (Ash album), Composition and lyrics
"Lost in You" was by influenced by the Beach Boys, and written at the end of the recording process. Wheeler wrote "Darkside Lightside" from the perspective of someone who had sex with another person's girlfriend; it opened with Iron Maiden-like riffs, and ended with guitar work reminiscent of Pink Floyd. The hidden track "Sick Party" consists of Hamilton and guitar tech Leif Bodnarchuk vomiting. It was planned initially to be part of the outtake "The Scream", which according to Wheeler was "built up [from] 48 tracks that started out like a murmur up to full on screaming". When it came time to mix the song, they were "too scared". Because the band felt "Sick Party" "turned out to be so funny", it became a standalone track.


1977 (Ash album), Recording and production
Ash worked on pre-production with producer Owen Morris in December 1995; they began recording their debut album on New Year's Day 1996, commencing with "Goldfinger". Sessions were held at Rockfield Studios in Wales, with Morris and the band co-producing the album. Though the process was planned to take only six weeks, it ended up lasting three months. Because they had toured incessantly since leaving school, the band did not have enough time to accumulate material for an album. Wheeler wrote nearly half of what would end up on the finished album in the studio.


1977 (Ash album), Recording and production
As Rockfield was a residential studio, according to Wheeler, the members became "very nocturnal and very crazy". He attributed this to Morris "gradually introducing us to drugs, so we were off our heads a lot of the time". Nick Brine, Sorrel Merchant and Neil Kiely acted as studio assistants. Morris later mixed the recordings at Orinoco in London, except for "Girl from Mars" (Phil Thornalley) and "Angel Interceptor" (Mark "Spike" Stent). Thornalley mixed "Girl on Mars" as the band's label and manager felt the track was incomplete.


1977 (Ash album), Release
"Goldfinger" was released as the fourth single from 1977 on 15 April 1996, with "I Need Somebody", "Sneaker", and a cover of the Smokey Robinson track "Get Ready" as extra tracks. In May, Ash went on a United Kingdom tour with 60ft Dolls, Bis, and Jocasta. Infectious released 1977 in the UK on 6 May, while the US release by Reprise appeared on 11 June 1996. The first 50,000 copies of the UK version included "Jack Names the Planets" and "Don't Know" as hidden tracks. Ed van der Elsken took the cover photograph; clearing the rights for the image nearly delayed the album's release as he had died, and the band were unable to contact his widow. Following this, the band embarked on a European tour, and appeared on Later... with Jools Holland.


1977 (Ash album), Release
"Oh Yeah" was released as the album's fifth single on 24 June 1996, with "T. Rex", "Everywhere Is All Around", and the ABBA cover "Does Your Mother Know" as extra tracks. The "Oh Yeah" music video sees Hamilton making out with an actress, interspersed with footage of the band performing at a carnival. In July and August 1996, the band toured the US with Muzzle and performed at the Reading Festival. Around this time, their label discussed releasing "Lost in You" as a single; however, the band felt they had released enough tracks from it by this point. In September and October 1996, Ash toured Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, before returning to the US with Stabbing Westward in October and November.


1977 (Ash album), Release
During the US leg of the tour, Ash met with the head programmer at MTV, to discuss getting coverage on the channel, however, Wheeler turned up late and drunk. The following day, the band had an interview on the channel; Wheeler arrived late again and vomited during it. The band's label was angry with them, and Wheeler later theorised that these incidents cost the band any major success in the US. Ash supported Weezer on their US headlining tour through to December, before returning to Ireland for a one-off show to close the year.


1977 (Ash album), Release
Ash released their first live album, Live at the Wireless, in February 1997. Recorded in Australia, it was sold in the UK and Europe. In the same month, the band embarked on a European tour with 60 ft Dolls and Seesaw, leading up to five consecutive shows at the London Astoria. Fan club members attending the Astoria shows were given a free 7" vinyl, which consisted of "I Only Want to Be with You", "Devil's Haircut", and a live version of "Kung Fu". In June 1997, the band played a handful of UK shows with Silver Sun, before appearing at Glastonbury Festival.


1977 (Ash album), Release
"Goldfinger", "Girl from Mars", "Kung Fu", "Oh Yeah" and "Angel Interceptor" were included on the band's three compilation albums, Intergalactic Sonic 7″s (2003), The Best of Ash (2011), and Teenage Wildlife: 25 Years of Ash (2020), and released on 7" vinyl as part of 94–'04 The 7" Singles Box Set (2014). In 2008, a three-disc deluxe edition of 1977 was released, featuring Trailer, Live at the Wireless, B-sides, unreleased demos and live recordings. BMG reissued it on CD  in 2018. The band have played the album in its entirety on several tours throughout 2008, 2013 and 2016. Recordings from the Astoria shows were later compiled, and released as the live album Live on Mars – London Astoria 1997 (2016).


1977 (Ash album), Critical reception
1977 was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that, by "sticking to the rigid rules of American punk-pop", Ash opted for a "cinematic approach to their songs", resulting in 1977 being a "melting pot of pop styles". He added their use of "loud guitars" offers a "distinctive, melodic, and energetic sound that's equal parts heavy grunge and light pop".


1977 (Ash album), Critical reception
Ox-Fanzine's Joachim Hiller wrote that if the listener was "the missing link between Oasis and Elastica, [they] should find it here," adding that the band's "mixture of girl seductive sugar pop and evil grater guitars with seventies rock quotes" is everywhere, and is "very catchy and somehow as tasty as French fries".


1977 (Ash album), Critical reception
Mark Jenkins of The Washington Post wrote that if he were to "judge only from the guitar squall" opening the album, it would appear that "the band prefers noise to melody" as previously shown on Trailer; however, he felt the "balance has shifted on this disc", with it showcasing "classic tunefulness over raw aggression".


1977 (Ash album), Critical reception
Q reviewer Andrew Collins said the album "benefits from having its raw power harnessed" by Morris and was "pulled off with 100 per cent enthusiasm; hey, these boys make pointless distorted introductions [to some songs] sound like fun." NME's Johnny Cigarettes wrote that with "a single listen", he was certain the band had "cured themselves" of becoming generic, as he had noted with their early singles. He added that "[w]hat invariably saves them from mature-rock-band hell, just as it has saved them from generic-indie-band hell are those simple, honest, priceless standbys - top-hole tunes".


1977 (Ash album), Critical reception
MTV writer Michael Krugman said that the album saw the band "teetering on the brink of maturity--only they're plainly fighting it by throwing their weight in the other direction". He mentions the album "occasionally trips over its own giant steps", noting a couple of generic and underdeveloped tracks, before citing the album's "real flaw...lies in the hands of someone who should have known better", criticising Morris' "excessively noisy and often quite murky" production, stating the "punk rock gets muddied, while experimental bits...are strangely obscured".


1977 (Ash album), Critical reception, Retrospective reviews
Drowned in Sound reviewer Joss Albert called 1977 an "album by the young for the young". He said that while it wasn't "perfect or complete, the severe hooks of the best of the Brut smothered tunes will always get 1977's name mentioned". Spectrum Culture contributor John L. Murphy noted that in spite of the "clear influences and the passage of time, 1977 still sounds fresh", with "fast pop dominat[ing]" after the initial listen. Only  "repeated airings reveal craft in softer songs", their "cinematic" scope, and "sentimental" lyrics. BBC Music's Mike Diver wrote that the album was likely "remembered by those who shared in its sentiments – written by a trio of teenagers, for an audience of the same, it preoccupied itself with chugging alcohol, chasing after girls and messing about with martial arts".


1977 (Ash album), Critical reception, Retrospective reviews
The Irish Times writer Brian Boyd said the band "come racing out of the traps with a giddy pop sound", though he was "not sure why the band feel the need to release [a triple disc edition] ... as this will surely only appeal to their fanbase. But maybe's that the point." Record Collector reviewer Emmy Watts described the album as a "grungy slice of Britpop" that "has not aged well". She noted that at the time, the "rough spontaneity" of Wheeler's "flat vocals" and McMurray's "muffled drumming" aided their inexperience, however, "the original format just highlights the recording's poor quality". "Sick Party" was included on Pitchfork's 2010 list of "ten unusual CD-era gimmicks".


1977 (Ash album), Commercial performance and accolades
1977 peaked at number one in the UK, selling 122,000 copies in its first week of release. It also reached number five in Scotland, number 14 in New Zealand, number 18 in Australia, number 26 in Finland and Norway, number 40 in Switzerland, number 44 in Sweden, number 65 in Germany, and number 75 in the Netherlands. The album was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry in the UK.


1977 (Ash album), Commercial performance and accolades
"Kung Fu" charted at number 57 in the UK. "Girl from Mars" charted at number 11 in the UK. "Angel Interceptor" charted at number 14 in the UK, and "Goldfinger" charted at number five in the UK, and number 50 in Australia. "Oh Yeah" charted at number six in the UK.


1977 (Ash album), Commercial performance and accolades
Several UK music magazines placed the album on their end-of-year lists for 1996, including Vox, NME, Melody Maker, Q, Select and Kerrang!. In 2010, Classic Rock magazine ranked the album at number one on its list of the 150 Greatest Debut Albums Ever. It is also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. It is ranked at 417 on the NME poll of the 500 greatest albums of all time.


1977 (Ash album), Track listing
Writing credits per booklet. All recordings produced by Owen Morris and Ash.


1977 (The-Dream album)
1977 (also known as Terius Nash: 1977) is the fourth album by American R&B singer, songwriter, and producer The-Dream. It was originally released as a free download on August 31, 2011, through the singer's Radio Killa website. Recorded over the course of two weeks, the album was issued in response to contractual issues with The-Dream's label, Def Jam Recordings, delaying the production of his planned IV Play album. 1977 was later released for commercial sale by Def Jam on December 18, 2012, and IV Play followed in 2013.


1977 (The-Dream album), Recording
Following issues with his contract with Def Jam Recordings, production on The-Dream's purported fourth studio album Love IV MMXII halted, having originally been due for release of September 20, 2011. As a result, The-Dream recorded additional material for a new album titled 1977 – named after the year of his birth – which he intended as a stopgap release following the delays to Love IV MMXII; the recording was done over the course of two weeks.


1977 (The-Dream album), Music and lyrics
According to Interview magazine, 1977 still features the "catastrophically lush productions" of The-Dream's previous three albums but departs from their "epic love-gushing Prince suite or sparse snap-and-bop". Instead, "accounts of love lost" are conceived as more of a "somber shrink visit", while the singer's "wiggling tenor sounds more liquored-up and angry than ever", with the magazine citing the song "Used to Be" as an account of "how his life's changed — at one point, he even jokes about ending it."


1977 (The-Dream album), Release
1977 was released as a free download through The-Dream's Radio Killa website on August 31, 2011, despite Def Jam's objections to the decision. The release was credited under the singer's legal name, Terius Nash. After Love IV MMXII failed to see a release during 2012, it was announced on November 14, 2012, that 1977 would be released for commercial sale by Def Jam on December 18, 2012. Unlike the free version of the album, where he was credited under his birth name Terius Nash, the commercial release will see The-Dream returning to being credited under his stage name. The new version of the album features the additional tracks "AK47" and "Tender Tendencies". Love IV MMXII would later be released as IV Play in 2013.


1977 (The-Dream album), Critical reception
1977 was met with generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional critics, the album received an average score of 66, based on 10 reviews.


1977 (The-Dream album), Critical reception
Reviewing in September 2011, Pitchfork critic Jordan Sargent found 1977's music "engrossing" and "vivid" as a one-sided depiction of a failing relationship. Glenn Gamboa from Newsday felt the record "doesn't quite stack up against The-Dream's more polished work, lacking his usual lyrical wordplay and musical sophistication, but the intensity of the emotion keeps it interesting." Ken Capobianco of The Boston Globe felt that The-Dream shares "too much" with the more "confessional" album and said that "his usual sensual production and delicious hooks are missing, but the rawer musical approach serves the lyrics' edges."


1977 (The-Dream album), Critical reception
The New York Times critic Jon Caramanica wrote, "These songs aren’t much more than melodic rants, but that’s enough for Mr. Nash, who’s never been a forceful singer, but whose talent for cramming oddball twists into R&B remains unparalleled." Robert Christgau gave 1977 a three-star honorable mention in his consumer guide for MSN Music, indicating "an enjoyable effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well treasure." He cited "Wedding Crasher" and "Used to Be" as highlights, although he also summed the album up with the judgement that "living for sex gets less dreamy all the time".


1977 (The-Dream album), Critical reception
Other reviewers were more critical. AllMusic's Andy Kellman accused The-Dream of "tedious wallowing" and alternately "licking his wounds and puffing his chest", while Rolling Stone critic Matthew Trammell dismissed his lyrics as "poorly articulated male scorn rooted in juvenile, you-made-me-cheat reasoning". Tom Ewing from The Guardian regarded 1977 as "the worst thing" the singer had recorded, finding it marred by "unhappy, scab-picking".


1977 (band)
1977 is a Canadian indie pop band, based in Port Credit, Ontario, whose core members are singer and songwriter Julie Kendall and instrumentalist Brent Hough.


1977 (band), History
Kendall had been learning organ parts to The Beach Boys' song California Girls, and began writing her own songs in a similar style. Kendall and Hough, who are married, formed 1977 in 2004 to perform and record these songs.


1977 (band), History
In 2009, the band released its self-titled nine-track debut album, Nineteen Seventy-Seven, which was a nominee for Adult Alternative Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2010. That year Kendall also performed alone as part of the Pitter Patter Festival in Toronto.


1977 (band), History
In 2011, they independently released the EP So Is the Sea; on it, they were backed by drummer Jordan Bruce and bassist Owen Marchildon, members of Hough's band Bellevue, and the album was recorded in the family's barn. That year 1977 performed took part in Canada Music Week in Toronto.


1977 (film)
1977 is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by G.N.Dinesh Kumar. It stars R. Sarathkumar and Farzana in lead roles.


1977 (film)
The film was later dubbed into Hindi as 1977: The History Re-Written in 2010.


1977 (film), Plot
The film begins at a fishing hamlet in Tamil Nadu where an elderly Rajashekar (elder Sarath Kumar) is worshipped as "God Father" by many. His amiable ways of living won him many friends. His son Vetrivel (younger Sarath Kumar) is an acclaimed scientist. He is received with gusto by the whole village after he returns winning awards from Central government. Unfortunately, a glance at a vernacular on a news report on Malaysia shocks Rajashekar, who immediately develops cardiac arrest and dies. Vetrivel comes to know about the incident and decides to unravel the mystery behind the death.


1977 (film), Plot
He sets off to Malaysia. Vetrivel gets acquainted with a local reporter Inba (Farzana), who falls for him. With her help, he finds out a disturbing truth about his father's life. Rajashekar is former police officer in Malaysia who falls to the conspiracy of a baddie and is arrested for no fault of his. Rajashekar eventually pays the price for being honest by losing his family and settles down in Tamil Nadu with his young son.


1977 (film), Plot
In his quest to prove that his father is innocent, Vetrivel re-opens the case and gets the help of Chandhini (Namitha) a lawyer who is the daughter of erstwhile public prosecutor, Gaandivan, who argued against Rajashekar 30 years ago. He also finds his mother (Jayasudha) in the process. The rest of the movie is all but how Vetrivel rewrites history, proves that his father is innocent, and avenges the bad elements. The climax is a usual replica of a typical Tamil film climax.


1977 (film), Reception
The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics. Tamilwire stated Walk into the movie with no expectations for a different script or story. But enjoy the simple and effective pace and manner of the movie. It's an entertainer all that way. Behindwoods rated 1 out of 5 and stated lackluster show. Thiraipadam rated 71% and stated Sarathkumar donning the roles of both the saintly father and the more action-oriented son is a familiar sight for us Tamil cinema viewers.


1977 (film), Reception
While the earlier films focused on the relationship between father and son in a small-scale setting, 1977 is more ambitious, spanning multiple countries and generations. But that increased ambition only leads to more amateurishness in the film, which makes all those Vijayakanth films look like spectacular and racy action adventures by comparison.


1977 (film), Box office
The film though had a fantastic exit review opened poor response at the box office owing to the Hero's political debacle at the time of release and struggled to recover its high production budget in Tamil Nadu but racked big money in its Telugu dubbed version which compensated the loss in Tamil Nadu...


1977 (film), Soundtrack
The music was composed  by Vidyasagar. Lyrics were written by Pa. Vijay, Na. Muthukumar and Jayantha.


1977 (film), Soundtrack
2. "Hawai Theevil" - KK, Sowmya Raoh - Pa. Vijay


1977 (film), Soundtrack
3. "Ore Oru" - Krithika, Vijay Yesudas - Pa. Vijay


1977 (film), Soundtrack
5. "Yenathu Uyire" - Madhu Balakrishnan, Sadhana Sargam - Jayantha


1977 1. deild, Overview
It was contested by 7 teams, and TB Tvøroyri won the championship.


1977 1. deild, Results
The schedule consisted of a total of 12 games. Each team played two games against every opponent in no particular order. One of the games was at home and one was away.


1977 1. deild karla
The 1977 season of 1. deild karla was the 23rd season of second-tier football in Iceland.


1977 1. divisjon
The 1977 1. divisjon was the 33rd completed season of top division football in Norway.


1977 1. divisjon, Overview
There were 12 teams in the division. Lillestrøm SK emerged as the championship victors, their third league title. Lillestrøm's 36 points was at the time a record for most points in a season, two more than Viking and Fredrikstad achieved in the 1972 season.


1977 2. deild karla
The 1977 season of 2. deild karla was the 12th season of third-tier football in Iceland.


1977 2. deild karla, Final round, Promoted teams
Both Fylkir and Austri won promotion to the 1978 1. deild karla. No final took place, with Fylkir declared champions.


1977 2. divisjon
The 1977 2. divisjon was a Norway's second-tier football league season.


1977 2. divisjon
The league was contested by 30 teams, divided into a total of three groups; A and B (non-Northern Norwegian teams) and Group C, a district group which contained teams from Northern Norway. The winners of group A and B were promoted to the 1978 1. divisjon. The second placed teams in group A and B met the winner of group C in a qualification round where the winner was promoted to 1. divisjon. The bottom two teams inn all groups were relegated to the 3. divisjon.


1977 2. divisjon
Skeid won group A with 25 points. Lyn won group B with 25 points. Both teams promoted to the 1978 1. divisjon. Mo won group C and qualified for and the promotion play-offs but was not promoted.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 1977 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 45th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 11 and 12 June 1977. The second year of the FIA Group 5 and Group 6 regulations, it produced an exciting race right up to the end. Porsche had withdrawn from the Group 6 Championship, citing a lack of broad competition. Renault, before their move into Formula 1, decided to put its main racing focus for the year onto Le Mans. The two works teams were the pre-race favourites.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans
From the start the Alpine-Renaults took charge. The works Porsches mounted a brief challenge but engine issues delayed them in the pits. When Pescarolo retired his 936 with engine problems, his co-driver Jacky Ickx was transferred to the sister car of Barth/Haywood, languishing in 41st place and 15 laps behind the leaders. Ickx was given free rein to drive as hard as he dared and in an epic drive through the night, his average pace was just two seconds below qualifying pace.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans
During the night, the French challenge started to come apart – Tambay's car, running fourth, stopped at 3am with a dead engine. An hour later, the second car lost half an hour getting a gearbox rebuild. Then at 9am, after leading for 17 hours, the Jabouille and Bell car retired with a burnt-out piston.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans
Suddenly, Porsche found itself in the lead. Ickx finished his marathon effort after a total of eleven hours behind the wheel. Barth and Haywood kept up his pace and when the last Renault retired just another midday with another burnt piston, they could ease off with a huge 19-lap lead over the Mirageof Schuppan/Jarier. However, with only three-quarters of an hour to go, Barth pitted running on five cylinders. The mechanics treated the engine and waited, until with ten minutes to go he rolled back out onto the circuit to complete two final laps. Despite the delay, they still finished 11 laps ahead of the Mirage, the biggest winning margin of the decade. The French Porsche 935 of ASA-Cacchia was third, a further 16 laps behind, with the GTP Inaltéra of owner-driver Jean Rondeau, and Alain de Cadenet both barely ninety seconds behind.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations
This was the second year of the latest CSI regulations. The FIA still insisted on running dual Championships for Group 6 (World Championship for Sports Cars) and the World Championship for Makes for Groups 4 and 5. Group 6 allowed either a standard production engine up to 5-litre capacity or racing engines up to 3-litres (or 2.1 litres if turbo-charged). Group 5 encouraged manufacturers to adapt and modify their Touring (Group 2) and Grand Touring (Group 4) cars, including an aerodynamic silhouette body-shell. Once again, like the year before, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) was put off by the small championship fields and decided to run both classes together in the race. And, once again, this put them at odds with the FIA who excluded them from their championships.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations
The Group 2 Touring Car class, never strongly supported, was dropped this year. However, some Class 2 cars were entered in the IMSA and Group 5 classes instead. Maintaining its ties with the IMSA organisation, they accepted entries under the American GTO regulations. The ACO also took entries from their own evolved rules of the CSI system: GTP, a closed-body development of Group 6, and GTX from Group 5.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations
After complaints by Renault the previous year of the fuel quality which had compromised their car's race, the Octane rating was raised to 100.6, the same as that used in Formula 1. Limitations of the distance between refuelling stops were finally removed, although cars had a fuel tank maximum of 160 litres.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations
After a year's abeyance, the fuel-economy trophy was restored: renamed as the Index of Energy Efficiency. A table of target fuel consumption was drawn up against average speed, and that reference figure was divided by the actual consumption. The final checks were made at the hour-22 fuel stops so that cars would not artificially benefit from slowing down at the end to conserve fuel.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
The ACO received 88 applications, across the 7 classes with 62 arriving for qualifying on race week. The only manufacturer works teams were from Porsche and Renault, although there were entries from several small-scale racing specialists like Inaltéra, Mirage, Osella and WM. The rise of turbo-powered cars continued with them making up 23 of the 62 cars.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
The Martini-Porsche works team had chosen not to contest the FIA Championship citing the lack of competition. The 1977 evolution of the Porsche 936 had a more aerodynamic shell, as well as being narrower. The 2.1-litre flat-6 engine had twin KKK (Kühnle, Kopp & Kausch) turbos and with two exhausts now it could develop 540 bhp and get up to almost 350 kp/h (215 mph) when the turbo was wound up. Two cars were entered with the all-star pairing of triple-champions Jacky Ickx and Henri Pescarolo in one and Jürgen Barth paired with debutante Hurley Haywood (himself a triple Daytona 24-hours winner) in the other.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
Renault-Alpine had also chosen not to run in the Championship, to make a major effort for the Le Mans win before focusing on Formula 1. Extensive work was done on the A442: it was lengthened to improve handling and larger, 14" front wheels fitted to allow bigger brakes. Aerodynamic testing was done on unopened autoroutes and in four separate endurance runs at the modern Circuit Paul Ricard. The test-car covered over 11,000 km. Renault engineers found the failure of the single car last year had been the low-grade fuel used.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
The company spent FF3 million (£400,000) and sixty pit-crew were on hand to support an all-out effort. The driver lineup featured some of France's leading single-seater drivers with Jacques Laffite / Patrick Depailler and Patrick Tambay / Jean-Pierre Jaussaud, while the third car had veterans Jean-Pierre Jabouille and Derek Bell. In addition, Hugues de Chaunac, manager of the Martini-Renault Formula 2 team was given the test-car as a client entry for his young drivers René Arnoux and Didier Pironi.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
Mirage managers Harley Cluxton and John Horsman had contemplated running the Renaults. However, in the end they instead chose to upgrade the M8 with the 490 bhp Renault turbo engine, to replace the Cosworth DFV. Renault Sport's director Gérard Larrousse agreed, as long as each car ran a French driver. The chassis was modified with a new airbox to cool the turbo. Team regular Vern Schuppan was paired with Jean-Pierre Jarier and American Sam Posey teamed up with Michel Leclère. Jarier was a late substitute for Jean-Louis Lafosse who had not arrived with promised sponsorship money, which gave the lawyers work to argue in court.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
Alain de Cadenet, with his regular co-driver Chris Craft, returned with their latest modified version of the Lola T380, the LM77. The rear wing of the car patriotically celebrating the Queen's Silver Jubilee. Once again they did their habit of arriving, and preparing the car, at the last minute in the paddock. Their car from the previous year was bought by Simon Phillips of the Dorset Racing Associates team and was co-entered with de Cadenet. French privateer, Xavier Lapeyre, again entered his Lola T286.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
Le Mans local Jean Rondeau's team had had an excellent debut the previous year winning the new GTP class. This year, three cars were entered – still bearing the name of their sponsor, French home-furnishings company Inaltéra. One stayed in the GTP class (driven by Rondeau himself, with Jean Ragnotti) while the other two were lightened by 95 kg and modified to run in the Group 6 class. French Formula 1 veteran Jean-Pierre Beltoise drove one with American Al Holbert and the other had the all-female pairing of Italian Lella Lombardi with Belgian Christine Beckers.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
Former Peugeot staff Gérard Welter and Michel Meunier were back with their WM P76 in GTP class. The Peugeot 2.7-litre V6 engine put out 250 bhp. They also completed a second P77 chassis, this time fitted with a KKK turbo that increased the power output to a far more competitive 380 bhp. Another all-French entry was Bernard Decure's modified Alpine A310, fitted with the V6 PRV engine. Another GTP entry saw the return to Le Mans of Aston Martin. Entered by Englishman Robin Hamilton, his DBS V8 had progressively been modified to meet Group 4 and Group 5 regulations.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 and GTP
The 5.3-litre V8, with its extensive modifications, put out 510 bhp and got the car up to 300 kp/h (188 mph). Being the heaviest car in the field, the French fans nick-named it le petit camion ("little lorry") and the ACO allowed him to switch across to the GTP class. Hamilton was joined by his regular co-driver David Preece along with Mike Salmon, who had been one of the drivers of the last Aston Martin entry, back in 1964. French rally driver Robert Neyrat ran his Lancia Stratos again in the GTP class, the 2.4-litre Ferrari V6 modified with a KKK-turbo. This year female driver Christine Dacremont was partnered with Marianne Hoepfner.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 (2-litre)
The under-2000 class was spiced up with new manufacturers entering what had been a Lola versus Chevron battle, and there was a good 11-strong field. The class encouraged mixing the chassis with a choice of engine. The French engine-builder, Société ROC, had three of the latest B36 Chevrons (the lightest cars in the race) while the British Chandler-Ibec team ran a Chevron-Ford. Their compatriots Dorset Racing had a Lola-Ford as did the Swiss GVEA team while French privateer Jean-Marie Lemerle had a Lola-ROC combination.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 (2-litre)
Having moved on from Formula Two, Osella had been the leading 2-litre marque in the World Championship, often running second to the 3-litre Alfa Romeos. One of the FA5 works cars was entered, with its 2-litre BMW engine. Enzo Osella replaced his usual driving line-up for the race with Alain Cudini, Raymond Touroul and Anna Cambiaghi. Peter Sauber's small Swiss outfit had built a small number of monocoques for hill-climbing. He was now looking at circuit racing with the C5, also powered by the BMW engine.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 6 (2-litre)
Herbert Müller had won the 1976 Interserie trophy with it and now they looked to Le Mans. It would be driven by fellow Swiss Eugen Strähl and Peter Barnhard. The other entries were two from another small Swiss manufacturer, Cheetah. Charles Graemiger had a new BMW-powered G601 for privateer Daniel Brillat, while the older G501-Cosworth was prepared for Inaltéra owner André Chevalley.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 5 and GTX
Porsche had been dominating the World Championship winning every round against sporadic competition from BMW, who were concentrating on the DRM championship in Germany. This year, Porsche built 13 of the 935 for general sale, at £35,000 each. So the Group 5 entry list was the sole preserve of Porsche.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 5 and GTX
For Le Mans, the Martini-Porsche works team entered their Championship car, the 935/77 iteration. Engineer Norbert Singer had tweaked the aerodynamics and trimmed more weight. The single turbo was replaced by two smaller KKK-turbos that reduced the throttle-lag and lifted the output a bit, to 630 bhp. This propelled the car down the Mulsanne straight at 323 kp/h (201 mph). With Ickx running the 936 and Jochen Mass no longer doing 24-hour events, driving duties were handed, once again, to the other team drivers Rolf Stommelen and Manfred Schurti. Three customer teams entered their 1976-spec cars.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 5 and GTX
Georg Loos had two cars for Klaus Ludwig/Toine Hezemans and Tim Schenken/Hans Heyer (current DRM champion). The French JMS Racing team car was prepared by Henri Cachia for Claude Ballot-Léna with American champion Peter Gregg. The Kremer brothers modified their car further, with more weight-saving and aerodynamic additions. The K2 would be driven by Brits John Fitzpatrick, Nick Faure and Guy Edwards. The other entrants in Group 5 were privateers with modified Porsche 911s or 934 turbos. The sole taker of the Le Mans GTX regulations was a modified 3-litre Porsche Carrera RS entered by the Swiss Porsche Club Romand.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 4 and IMSA GT
Like the Group 5 entry list, the Group 4 class was a Porsche benefit and the ten entries were a mix of 934 turbos (480 bhp) and 911 Carreras (340 bhp). However, a multinational list added interest, with the German Kremer team and French JMS Racing team backing up their group 5 entries, taking on the Spanish Escuderia Montjuich and the two cars of the Swiss Schiller Racing team. BMW had reduced their participation in Group 5 racing, with the works team changing from the 3.0 CSL, to running the new 320i in Group 2 racing.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 4 and IMSA GT
With Group 2 no longer an option at Le Mans, the cars were instead allowed into the IMSA-GT category. The Belgian Luigi Racing team (current holders of the European Touring Car Championship) entered two BMW 3.0 CSLs, one for champions Pierre Dieudonné and Jean Xhenceval, with Spartaco Dini, and the other for Eddy Joosen and Claude de Wael with Tom Walkinshaw brought in. They travelled straight from Brno, where they had raced the weekend before in the ETCC.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 4 and IMSA GT
Recent efforts by the ACO to draw Le Mans and American road-racing closer together did not bear any fruit this year, with no NASCAR or super-modified IMSA cars entered. Auctioneer and gentleman driver Hervé Poulain's latest BMW Art Car was painted this year by American Roy Lichtenstein. The 320i model was dominating the 2-litre class in the ETCC, but despite superior handling, its 300 bhp was left behind in the IMSA one-engine size class. Nevertheless, Poulain enjoyed strong BMW backing from Jochen Neerpasch and a factory pit-crew.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries, Group 4 and IMSA GT
After the argument on the startline between NART and ACO at the 1975 race there had been no Ferrari presence at the race last year. However, NART returned this year, running a Ferrari 365 BB last raced at the 1975 12 Hours of Sebring. It would be driven by Frenchmen, and former Ferrari privateers, Lucien Guitteny and François Migault.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Qualifying
Once again there were two days of formal practice, on Wednesday and Thursday, running from 6pm to midnight. The first evening was virtually washed out by rain with few teams choosing to get out onto the circuit. Manfred Schurti, in the Group 5 Martini-Porsche was surprisingly fastest ahead of the Group 6 cars. On the Thursday, Jean-Pierre Jabouille took pole position with a new lap record of 3:31.7, over a second faster than his pole time in 1976, with his stablemate Laffite in second.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Qualifying
Ickx got his Porsche into third ahead, a full seven seconds faster than his qualifying-time from the year before. Next were the other two Renaults, while Ickx's teammate Stommelen, got the 935 into sixth as the fastest Group 5 car. The two Loos Porsches were the behind the works teams in 8th and 9th while the Lapeyre Lola rounded out the top-10 ahead of the two Mirages. Horsman had found his cars were lacking top-end speed (almost 30 kp/h (20 mph) slower than their fellow Renaults) and the drivers complaining of feeling their helmets sucked up toward the airscoop.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Qualifying
Beltoise qualified the uprated Inaltéra in 13th, fully 9 seconds faster than he did the year before with the same chassis. Eighteen cars broke the 4-minute barrier this year, compared to only twelve the previous year. These included the leading GT car, the Kremer Porsche of Bob Wollek (17th), and the Osella (18th) as the fastest of the 2-litre Group 6 field – both ahead of Rondeau's Inaltéra GTP (20th with 4:00.7). The Ravenel brothers' BMW was the fastest IMSA entry in 36th (4:21.7), while the Aston Martin was the last qualifier (4:31.8).


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Qualifying
It only made the start-line as Jean-Louis Chateau's Porsche 935 got bumped as he had not been able to qualify his co-drivers. Among the non-qualifiers was the new Cheetah, where considerable problems stopped it setting a time. The Dorset Racing team, running the second De Cadenet, also did not run. On Wednesday night, their French translator had been showering at the track medical centre when toxic fumes caused him to collapse. He was rushed to hospital but never regained consciousness and died the following day.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Race-day was cool and blustery. The honorary starter this year was Pierre Ugeux, President of the CSI. Jabouille took the lead from the rolling start. Pironi, fulfilling his potential role as the 'hare', vaulted straight up to second. However, after running the equivalent of almost two Le Mans in preparation, the Renault test-car could not even complete one lap in the race. At the end of the Hunaudières straight, an oil-line split in Pironi's engine starting a major fire. He got to the Mulsanne firepost and got out uninjured.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
At the end of the first lap it was Jabouille leading the 935 of Stommelen, then Ickx, Laffite and Tambay. It was a busy first hour in the pits. Rondeau needed the clutch adjusted on his GTP car and Klaus Ludwig's Gelo 935 blew its engine after just 4 laps. Chris Craft bought the De Cadenet in with dodgy clutch losing nine minutes. Then after 8 laps, Stommelen was in the pits with his car suffering from a loose rocker shaft and losing oil.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Dropping three laps, he had to cruise for 16 laps before being allowed to top up with oil, but the damage had been done. Things got worse for Porsche when the Barth/Haywood car was stopped for 20 minutes with a faulty fuel pump then another 30 minutes with a blown head gasket, dropping them to 41st.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Soon after the first fuel-stops, on lap 15, Fitzpatrick brought the Kremer 935 crawling into the pits, It had been running 8th and the last car on the lead lap. It was retired with burnt out cylinder-liners. The better fuel economy of the Porsches was soon apparent with the Renaults refuelling after 18-19 laps, while Ickx/Pescarolo managed 23 laps. After two hours, Jabouille, Ickx and Laffite had done 31 laps, Tambay fourth a lap behind. Another lap back were the Mirages, the remaining Gelo 935 and Beltoise in the Inaltéra.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Over half the 2-litre field had had mechanical issues but the class-leading Osella was running well in 12th overall. In the fourth hour, the de Cadenet lost time in the pits suffering overheating from being run too lean, dropping down to 22nd. Then shortly before 8pm, Pescarolo was duelling for the lead with Jabouille who had just pitted. Pulling out of Indianapolis and racing toward Arnage, he over-revved the engine and broke a conrod, generating a long smoke trail and forcing the car's retirement. This left the Renaults running 1-2-3 again, several laps ahead of the Mirages. The Porsche team transferred Ickx, their premier driver, to the other 936 in the forlorn hope that it could get back up the field for a podium place. It was now 15 laps behind the leaders.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
So at 8pm, after four hours, Jaussaud/Bell had done 62 laps, a lap ahead of their team-mates. Fourth, two laps back, was now the Ludwig/Hezemans Gelo Porsche ahead of the two Mirages and the Beltoise/ Holbert Inaltéra. The French 935 was 8th (56) and second in class, the GTP Inaltéra ninth. The Schiller Racing Porsche of Haldi/Vetsch was tenth (55) leading the GTs, the Sauber in 13th now led the 2-litre class (after the Osella was delayed) while the Béguin 911 had moved up from 39th to 19th to lead the IMSA class.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
At dusk the Posey/Leclère Mirage, running sixth, stuttered to a halt. Unbeknownst to the team, the fuel pump had sprung a leak and the tank had run dry. An hour later, the sister car, then running third pitted with its alternator bouncing around its engine bay, which cost it two places.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
At the 9pm fuel stops, Beltoise's Inaltéra was getting refuelled when the hose detached, pouring fuel into the cockpit. He got out without incident and the liquid was mopped up. However, a stray spark ignited the fumes and started a flash fire. Fortunately the damage was light, but it took seventy minutes to get the car going again and by then it had fallen from fifth to fifteenth. By 9pm they had got back up to ninth


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
Given free rein, Ickx put in an incredible stint, at times pulling in the leaders at over ten seconds a lap. Over the next thirteen hours, Barth and Haywood only drove one shift each as Ickx did his epic drive through the night, the equivalent of five F1 Grands Prix. Breaking the lap record over and over again, his average lap-time in the dark was only two seconds slower than qualifying pace.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
By 9pm he had got back up to ninth and by midnight up to fifth, behind the three Alpine-Renaults (Jaussaud/Bell having done 123 laps) and the Loos Porsche (117). The remaining Mirage was sixth (114), ahead of the Cachia 935 (112), the Schiller Porsche (110), the De Cadenet back up to ninth and the women's Inaltéra in tenth (109).


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
Then things started unravelling for Renault. Coming up to 3am, Tambay's engine died with no oil pressure, when approaching Indianapolis. At the halfway mark, 4am, the leading Renault had completed 185 laps, averaging just over 15 laps an hour. The second Renault was two laps back and still four laps ahead of Ickx. The Loos 935 was comfortable in fourth (175), ahead of the Mirage (171), the De Cadenet (170) and the Cachia 935 (167 laps). An hour later, the Laffite/Depailler car was parked for over 30 minutes to rebuild its gearbox.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
This put the Ickx/Barth/Haywood Porsche up into second place having made back 9 of the 15 laps from the leading Renault. The large number of mechanical issues had spread out the field. The GTP Inaltéra was well back in 8th (172), while the ROC Chevron leading the 2-litre class broke into the top-10 (171) and about to overtake the marooned third Renault. After the first Schiller Porsche had retired, the other team car had taken over the lead of Group 4 and was running 11th overall, until they too fell out with engine issues less than two hours later. The IMSA class had be a close race through the night with four successive leaders: the Béguin and Cachia Porsches, the remaining Luigi BMW then the Charles Ivey Porsche leading into the new day.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
As dawn broke a heavy rain shower swept the track, catching out many drivers. That included the leader Jabouille who had a huge spin at the Ford Chicane and was fortunate not to hit anything. Another was Chris Craft, who aquaplaned off. It took an hour to repair the brakes and front end of the De Cadenet, dropping them to ninth. The Sauber that had been running well, second in class and tenth overall, retired with a broken gearbox. Such was the spread of the field by now that, at 6am, the gap between first and tenth had grown to 41 laps.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
Ickx's marathon effort finally finished at 9.10am, having driven the maximum allowable time for a driver. He handed the car back to Barth the equally fast Barth, Minutes later, the French spectators were stunned when the engine of Jabouille's Alpine-Renault blew up in a cloud of smoke going down the Hunaudières straight. He limped round to the pit, but after leading for over 17 hours, the car was retired with a broken piston. That meant the Porsche was now leading, two laps ahead of the much-delayed Laffite/Depailler car, having also driven back through the field. The Frenchmen pressed hard to make up the gap, pulling a lap back on the Porsche, and only six minutes behind.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
The Gelo Porsche had been comfortably holding down fourth through the night and into the morning. Just before 11am, now up to third, it came to the pits smoking. The pitcrew changed the turbo in just twelve minutes but more stops never fixed the problems and the engine stopped the car out on the track an hour later.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
A disastrous race for Renault ended just before midday when the remaining car also stopped out of Indianapolis with another broken piston. This left the Porsche (294 laps) with a huge 16-lap over the Schuppan/Jarier Mirage (278). Third, a long way back, was Rondeau's Inaltéra (262) the ASA Cachia Porsche (260), and the rapidly closing De Cadenet (257), none of whom had overtaken the stopped Loos car. There were just 23 cars left running. In the blazing afternoon heat, Barth and Haywood dropped their lap times by over fifteen seconds.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
What could have been a steady cruise to the finish became a major drama when Haywood coasted into the pits with less than an hour to go, with smoke trailing from the Porsche. It was another holed piston. The mechanics disconnected the turbos, isolated the faulty cylinder and told Barth to wait. Meanwhile, after being delayed earlier in the afternoon the Inaltéra had dropped to fourth, but now both they and Craft were reeling in the French 935, all getting onto the same lap going into the final hour.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
With ten minutes to go, Barth slowly eased back onto the track with a clock strapped to the steering wheel to carefully monitor the remaining time. The regulations were that a car had to complete the final lap within a certain percentage of the previous lap. Barth completed two careful laps to limp to an improbable victory, their sizeable lead over the Mirage trimmed to eleven laps – still the biggest winning margin for the decade.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
In the end third (a distant sixteen laps further back) went to the Porsche 935 of Claude Ballot-Léna and Peter Gregg, as Group 5 winners. The final margin was just 40 seconds ahead of Jean Rondeau's GTP-winning Inaltéra and 90 seconds to Chris Craft (who had most of the driving) in the De Cadenet.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
In a battle of attrition, the only finisher in the Group 6 2-litre class was the Pignard/Dufrène/Henry Chevron-ROC. The Dorset Racing Lola had overheated early on, and then been bedevilled by gearbox and suspension issues throughout the race and although it did finally got to the finish, it could not be classified having only covered 213 laps. Bob Wollek vindicated his decision to drive the Kramer Porsche by finishing 7th as Group 4 class-winner, by 17 laps. It had not been an easy victory for them, replacing the universal joint, and steering and suspension issues.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
Eighth was the Luigi Racing BMW of Dieudonné/Xhenceval/Dini. Around midnight they had lost time fixing the gearbox but took the IMSA class victory ahead of the Porsches. Ninth, and second in class was Hervé Poulain's BMW Art Car after a very reliable run. Both the Ferrari and Aston Martin finished (16th and 17th respectively) after spending most of the race chasing each other.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
By some fortuitous luck, the Mirage team had survived. They had not got the maximum-speed testing in the US needed for simulating the long straights of Le Mans. Thereby unable to tweak the aerodynamics, they soon had found their cars were not getting sufficient airflow onto the turbos. This meant the cars were running very fuel-rich and consuming about 20% more fuel than the works cars. Which, in turn, ran their engines cooler and protected the pistons enough from burning out. The same had happened the year before but the Renault technicians had put it down to the fuel used.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
Soon after the race, Charles James left Inaltéra as chairman. The new board wanted to be out of motorsport and sold the cars. Jean Rondeau could not afford to buy them, and instead they were sold to Swiss race-engine specialist Heini Mader.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
It was appropriate that one of Jacky Ickx's greatest drives, a full eleven hours, would give him his fourth victory, equalling the record held by Olivier Gendebien who was on hand to witness his Belgian compatriot's feat.


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Finishers
Results taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO Class Winners are in Bold text


1977 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Statistics
Taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO


1977 ABC Championship
The 1977 Asian Basketball Confederation Championship for Men were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


1977 ABN World Tennis Tournament
The 1977 ABN World Tennis Tournament was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Rotterdam Ahoy in the Netherlands. The event was part of the 1977 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 21 March through 27 March 1977. First-seeded Dick Stockton won the singles title.


1977 ABN World Tennis Tournament, Finals, Doubles
Tom Okker /  Wojtek Fibak defeated  Vijay Amritraj /  Dick Stockton 6–4, 6–4


1977 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Singles
Arthur Ashe was the defending champion of the singles event at the ABN World Tennis Tournament, but did not participate in this edition. First-seeded Dick Stockton won the singles title after a victory in the final against second-seeded Ilie Năstase 2–6, 6–3, 6–3.


1977 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1977 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the Greensboro Coliseum from March 3–5. North Carolina defeated Virginia, 75–69, to win the championship. John Kuester of North Carolina was named the tournament MVP.


1977 AFC Women's Championship
The Asian Football Confederation's 1977 AFC Women's Championship was the second AFC Women's Championship. It was held from 2 to 11 August 1977 in Taipei, Republic of China. The tournament was won by the Republic of China for the first time, who defeated Thailand in the final.


1977 AFC Youth Championship
The 1977 AFC Youth Championship was held between April 15 and April 28 in Iran. It was won by Iraq 4-3 over Iran in Aryamehr Stadium in Tehran in front of 100,000 spectators. Both teams qualified for 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1977 AFC Youth Championship, Qualification to World Youth Championship
The two best performing teams qualified for the 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1977 ATP Buenos Aires (April) – Singles
Guillermo Vilas defeated Wojtek Fibak 6-4, 6-3, 6-0 to win the  April 1977 ATP Buenos Aires singles competition. Vilas was the defending champion.


1977 ATP Buenos Aires (April) – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1977 ATP Buenos Aires (November) – Singles
Guillermo Vilas defeated Jaime Fillol Sr. 6-2, 7-5, 3-6, 6-3 to win the November 1977 ATP Buenos Aires singles competition. Vilas was the defending champion.


1977 ATP Buenos Aires (November) – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1977 Adelaide City FC season
The 1977 season was Adelaide City's first season in the National Soccer League and their 31st overall season. The club participated in the National Soccer League and the NSL Cup. The record for most goals in a game in Australia, was set by Adelaide City and Mooroolbark where Adelaide won 10–3 in Adelaide.


1977 Adelaide City FC season, Players
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking
On 10 July 1977, two Soviet hijackers took over an Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 flight in the hope of diverting it to Stockholm, Sweden. Lacking the fuel to do this, the aircraft landed at Helsinki Airport, Finland, where the hijackers kept hostages to demand that the Finnish authorities refuel the aircraft and provide it with a new crew. The hijackers fell asleep, however, and the hostages escaped. Without this bargaining power, the hijackers surrendered and were extradited back to the Soviet Union, where they were sentenced to lengthy prison terms.


1977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking, Incident
The Tu-134 departed Petrozavodsk Airport on 10 July 1977 with a passenger complement of approximately seventy and an intended destination of Leningrad-Pulkovo Airport. Partway through the flight, however, the aircraft was commandeered by 19-year-old Alexandr Zagirnjak and 22-year-old Gennadi Sheludko. The two had smuggled guns and what appeared to be a grenade on board, though it was later revealed to be a non-explosive training grenade, and demanded that the  crew fly it to Stockholm.


1977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking, Incident
As the aircraft did not have the fuel to travel over the Baltic Sea to the Swedish capital, the crew were forced to divert to Helsinki Airport, Finland. Upon landing, the hijackers released all of the crew and a significant number of its passengers. The remainder, which reportedly included at least seven children for some period of time, were held back as hostages. Zagirnjak and Sheludko hoped to use them as leverage to get Finnish authorities to refuel the aircraft, replace the Soviet crew, and allow them to fly to their original destination.


1977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking, Incident
This plan was foiled, however, when Zagirnjak and Sheludko fell asleep, which allowed the remaining hostages to escape. Lacking bargaining power, the hijackers surrendered not long after. The Finnish government returned them to the Soviet Union three days later, complying with a unique anti-hijacking treaty they had signed with the Soviets in 1974. Sheludko, who had a previous criminal record for theft, would eventually be sentenced to fifteen years; Zagirnjak received eight.


1977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking, Incident
The incident came as part of a recent increase in airliner hijacking. The Washington Post reported that it was the third such crime in a week, with the others occurring in the Middle East and South America, and that the last successful hijacking of a Soviet aircraft had been only two months earlier.


1977 Afars and Issas Constituent Assembly election
An election for the Constituent Assembly was held in the French Territory of the Afars and Issas on 8 May 1977 alongside a referendum on independence. The elections were boycotted by the Djibouti Liberation Movement, the National Union for Independence and the Popular Liberation Movement, resulting in the People's Rally for Independence winning all 65 seats.


1977 Afars and Issas independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas on 8 May 1977 alongside an election for a Constituent Assembly. Previous referendums were held in 1958 and 1967, which rejected independence. This referendum backed independence from France. The territory became independent as Djibouti on 27 June 1977.


1977 Afars and Issas independence referendum
The result is celebrated annually on Independence Day on 27 June.


1977 Afghan Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Afghanistan in January 1977. The Constitutional Assembly was called to produce a new constitution four years after the coup that saw Mohammed Daoud Khan overthrow his brother, King Mohammed Zahir Shah. The Assembly was part-elected and part-appointed.


1977 Afghan Constitutional Assembly election, Background
In 1973 Daoud Khan deposed his brother-in-law, Zahir Shah in a bloodless coup. The parliament democratically elected in 1969 was dissolved. Daoud went on to turn the country into a presidential republic with the National Revolutionary Party, founded in 1975, as the sole legal party.


1977 Afghan Constitutional Assembly election, Background
A 41-member Constitutional Committee was formed to draft a new constitution, which would be scrutinised and approved by an elected Assembly.


1977 Afghan Constitutional Assembly election, Background
The constitution drawn up provided for a unicameral parliament named the National Council (Melli Jirga). Only the National Revolutionary Party would be able to nominate candidates for parliamentary elections. The president was to be elected for a six-year term by two-thirds vote in a Loya Jirga consisting of the parliament, National Revolutionary Party central council members, government ministers, Supreme Court judges, members of the Armed forces, 30 presidential nominees and 5–8 representatives from each province.


1977 Afghan Constitutional Assembly election, Electoral system
The 219 elected members were elected in a traditional manner; public meetings were held in each district, with voting taking the form of shows of hands or shouts until one candidate became the clear favourite.


1977 Afghan Constitutional Assembly election, Results
The 219 elected members including four women; Kubra Noorzai (the first female minister in 1965), Aziza Amani, Najiba and Najiba Siir. Together with the eight appointed female members, women made up 15% of the Assembly.


1977 Afghan Constitutional Assembly election, Aftermath
The Assembly convened in February and approved the new constitution, as well as unanimously electing Daoud as president. It was then dissolved. Daoud was overthrown in the Saur Revolution the following year and no elections were held under the new constitution.


1977 African Cup Winners' Cup
The African Cup Winners' Cup 1977 was the third edition of Africa's secondary interclub competition. The tournament was played by 25 teams and used a knock-out format with ties played home and away. Enugu Rangers from Nigeria won the final, and claimed their first African club trophy.


1977 African Cup Winners' Cup, First round
1 Due to a scheduling error, Luo Union arrived for the 2nd leg on Friday night without four key players believing that the match was scheduled for the following night, and subsequently failed to travel to the stadium for the match. MO Constantine were awarded a 2-0 victory.


1977 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The African Cup of Champions Clubs 1977 was the 13th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CAF region (Africa), the African Cup of Champions Clubs. It determined that year's club champion of association football in Africa.


1977 African Cup of Champions Clubs
The tournament was played by 29 teams and used a knock-out format with ties played home and away. Hafia FC from Guinea won that final, and became CAF club champion for the third time.


1977 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Quarter-Finals
1 Djoliba AC were disqualified as Mali were suspended by CAF after police and security forces assaulted officials during an African Cup of Nations qualifying match in Bamako against Ivory Coast on 19 June. 1 MC Alger changed its name to MP Alger as part of the sports national reform.


1977 African Cup of Champions Clubs, Top scorers
The top scorers from the 1977 African Cup of Champions Clubs are as follows:


1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup
The 1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup was the first qualifying tournament into the FIFA World Youth Championship. Ivory Coast and Morocco qualified to the 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship in Tunisia.


1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup, Final round
The match was abandoned with Ivory Coast leading 3-2 after Egypt walked off to protest the awarding of a penalty against them; Ivory Coast qualified.


1977 African Youth Qualifying for World Cup, Qualification to World Youth Championship
The two best performing teams qualified for the 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship.


1977 Ahearne Cup
The 1977 Ahearne Cup was the 25th and final edition of the Ahearne Cup ice hockey tournament. Five teams participated in the tournament, which was won by Stockholm-based AIK. It was held from December 26–30, 1976, in Stockholm, Sweden.


1977 Air Canada Silver Broom
The 1977 Air Canada Silver Broom was held from March 28 to April 3 at the Färjestads Ishall in Karlstad, Sweden.


1977 Air Canada Silver Broom, Teams
Skip : Giuseppe Dal MolinThird: Andrea PavaniSecond: Giancarlo ValtLead: Enea Pavani


1977 Air Canada Silver Broom, Teams
Skip : Jon Carl RizziThird: Marcus FlorinettSecond: Jon CorradinLead: Werner Bundi


1977 Air Force Falcons football team
The 1977 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season as an independent. They were led by twentieth–year head coach Ben Martin, in his final season. The Falcons played their home games at Falcon Stadium in Colorado Springs, Colorado. They were outscored by their opponents 114–296 and finished with a record of 2 wins, 8 losses, and 1 tie (2–8–1).


1977 Akron Zips football team
The 1977 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1977 NCAA Division II football season as an independent. Led by fifth-year head coach Jim Dennison, the Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 6–4–1.


1977 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 1977 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 83rd overall and 44th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant, in his 20th year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished season with eleven wins and one loss (11–1 overall, 7–0 in the SEC), as SEC champions and with a victory over Ohio State in the Sugar Bowl.


1977 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
Alabama went into Lincoln with Nebraska still feeling the sting of a home loss to Washington State. While the Crimson Tide slightly exceeded the Cornhuskers in offensive production, five interceptions helped give Nebraska the edge to pull off the stunning upset.


1977 Alan King Tennis Classic
The 1977 Alan King Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada in the United States that was sanctioned by the ATP. It was the sixth edition of the tournament held from April 25 through May 1, 1977. Jimmy Connors won the singles title for the second time. Connors earned $50,000 first-prize money and a $7,000 new car.


1977 Alan King Tennis Classic, Finals, Doubles
Bob Lutz /  Stan Smith defeated  Bob Hewitt /  Raúl Ramírez 6–3, 3–6, 6–4


1977 Alan King Tennis Classic – Doubles
Second-seeded Bob Lutz and Stan Smith won the title, defeating top-seeds Bob Hewitt and Raúl Ramírez in the final.


1977 Alan King Tennis Classic – Singles
First-seeded Jimmy Connors retained his title, defeating second-seeded Raúl Ramírez in the final.


1977 Algerian legislative election
Member State of the African Union Member State of the Arab League


1977 Algerian legislative election
Elections to the new People's National Assembly were held in Algeria on 25 February 1977. They were the first parliamentary elections since 1964, as the previous National Assembly had been dissolved in 1965, and were held as a result of the country's new constitution and electoral law being promulgated the year before.


1977 Algerian legislative election
The new Assembly had 261 members, elected from 160 constituencies (daira). Constituencies with less than 80,000 inhabitants had one representative; constituencies with more than 80,000 residents had one extra representative for every 20,000 inhabitants over 80,000.


1977 Algerian legislative election
As the country was a one-party state at the time, the National Liberation Front was the only party to run in the election. It put forward 783 candidates (of which 39 were women), and claimed all 261 seats (nine of which went to female candidates). 6,037,537 of the country's 7,960,000 registered voters (75.84%) took part in the election.


1977 All England Open Badminton Championships
The 1977 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley Arena, London, England from 23–26 March 1977. The event attracted sponsorship from John Player.


1977 All England Open Badminton Championships, Women's singles
Etsuko Takenaka married and competed as Etsuko Toganoo and Nora Gardner married and competed as Nora Perry.


1977 All-Big Eight Conference football team
The 1977 All-Big Eight Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The selectors for the 1977 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1977 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1977 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1977 Big Ten Conference football season. Conference co-champions Ohio State and Michigan led with eight and six first-team selections, respectively. Ohio State's first-team selections included running back Ron Springs and linebacker Tom Cousineau. Michigan's first-team selections included quarterback Rick Leach and offensive guard Mark Donahue.


1977 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
AP = Associated Press, selected by a panel of 12 sports writers and broadcasters


1977 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
UPI = United Press International, selected by the Big Ten coaches


1977 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UPI


1977 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1977 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 46th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.


1977 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
Galway entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Munster Championship.


1977 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
On 25 September 1977, Down won the championship following a 2–6 to 0–4 defeat of Meath in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.


1977 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1977 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.


1977 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Clare in the Munster quarter-final.


1977 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
On 9 October 1977 Kilkenny won the championship following a 1-8 to 0-9 defeat of Cork in a replay of the All-Ireland final. This was their 11th All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons.


1977 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship of 1977 was the fourth staging of Ireland's secondary hurling knock-out competition. Laois won the championship, beating London 3-21 to 2-9 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.


1977 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
First round: (3 matches) These are three matches between the first six participating teams. Three teams are eliminated at this stage while the three winning teams qualify for the semi-final stages.


1977 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The three winners from the first round games join a fourth team who received a bye to this stage to contest the semi-finals. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the 'home' final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Home final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the 'proper' All-Ireland final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the All-Ireland 'home' final join London to contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners are allowed to participate in the All-Ireland SHC quarter-final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1977 season. The championship was won by Kilkenny who defeated Wexford by a seven-point margin in the final for a historic first success. The match drew an attendance of 4,000. It marked the first victory as captain for Angela Downey, arguably the greatest player in the history of camogie, who also scored 2-3 in the match.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Early Rounds
In the quarter-finals Wexford had a comfortable victory over Cork, Dublin defeated Antrim and 1974 junior champions Clare defeated 1976 junior champions Down (they led convincingly 5-2 to 0-3 at half time) to qualify for their first semi-final since 1944. A 20th-minute goal from Bernie Murphy meant Wexford took command of the semi-final, Clare trailed 3-1 to 0-1 at half time and their only rewards for a strong third quarter was a goal from Margaret O’Toole before Wexford finished with three more goals. Kilkenny beat Tipperary in the quarter-final and Angela Downey scored four of Kilkenny’s goals in their semi-final victory over Dublin at Parnell Park.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Two first half goals gave Kilkenny the initiative which they never lost in the final. In the 17th minute Angela Downey's high cross from the left was touched on by Carmel Savage to Jo Dunne who availed of a defensive mistake to score. Angela came racing back to point and then sent a close free through the crowded goalmouth to the net to put Kilkenny two goals clear. Pádraig Puirséil wrote in the Irish Press:


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Angela Downey was the outstanding player on the field, but she got plenty of help from the other forwards Carmel Savage, Jo Dunne and Mary Purcell. Though she started at left forward, Angela switched to the right for the entire second half. Kilkenny excelled yesterday not only in their strength in the really vital positions but in the all-round efficiency of the entire side.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Wexford, with the north-easterly breeze behind them, looked by far the livelier side at the start but, though they more or less dominated the outfield exchanges through the opening 15 minutes, they made surprisingly little impression on a Kilkenny defence in which Liz Neary at full back and Mary Canavan soaked up so much pressure that goal-keeper Teresa O'Neill was rarely in trouble.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
The sisters Bridget Doyle and Kit Codd tried all they knew to turn the tide, as did the Walshs and Mairéad Darcy but, on the day, Wexford just had not what it took to recapture an All-Ireland title from a well-balanced Kilkenny side, which has now won the title three times in the past four seasons and thus joins Wexford on camogie's Roll of Honour.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 46th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
Kilkenny won a one-sided game. A young Angela Downey was the star, and scored 2-3.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park on 27 March 1977 to determine the winners of the 1976–77 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the seventh season of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion clubs of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Glen Rovers of Cork and Camross of Laois, with Glen Rovers winning by 2-12 to 0-8.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
In the first and only championship meeting between the two teams, Glen Rovers, with nine survivors from their previous victory in 1973, were the hot favourites for the title. Camross, which featured eight members of the Cuddy family, held the Glen in the first half. Glen Rovers powered on after the interval to secure a ten-point victory.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
Glen Rovers' All-Ireland victory was their first since 1973. The win gave them their second All-Ireland title over all and put them joint first on the all-time roll of honour along with Blackrock.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship Final
Camross' All-Ireland appearance remains the only time that the Laois champions qualified for the final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 91st staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 8 May 1977 and ended on 25 September 1977.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
On 25 September 1977, Dublin won the championship following a 5-12 to 3-6 defeat of Armagh in the All-Ireland final. This was their 20th All-Ireland title and their second championship in succession.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Dublin's Jimmy Keaveney was the championship's top scorer with 2-27. Keaveney was also the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the ninetieth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The game was contested by Armagh and Dublin. Dublin retained the Sam Maguire Cup and once more became the most successful, popular and amazing team of their generation surpassing the failed Kerry teams of the 70s.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
This was Armagh's second ever All-Ireland final. Their previous appearance was in 1953. Dublin had appeared in the previous three finals, winning two of those (1974 and 1976).


1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Jimmy Keaveney scored 2–6, which was the amount Dublin won by. This final's eight goals is joint most scored in a final, a record shared with the 1948 match.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Armagh would not return to an All-Ireland football decider until 2002.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1977 was the 91st staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Cork won the championship, beating Wexford 1-17 to 3-8 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
First round: (1 match) This is a single match between the first two teams drawn from the province of Munster. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winner of the first round joins the other three Munster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winner of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
First round: (2 matches) These are two matches between the first four teams drawn from the province of Leinster. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the two first-round games join the other two Leinster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Quarter-final: (1 match) This is a single match between Galway and the winners of the All-Ireland 'B' championship. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Semi-final: (1 match) This is a single match between the Munster champions and the winners of the quarter-final. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the final.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the semi-final and the Leinster champions contest this game.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Player facts, Debutantes
The following players made their début in the 1977 championship:


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Player facts, Retirees
The following players played their last game in the 1977 championship:


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Broadcasting
The following matches were broadcast live on television in Ireland on RTÉ.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 90th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1977 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 4 September 1977, between Cork and Wexford. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents for a second consecutive year on a score line of 1-17 to 3-8.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final
The 1977 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final was the fourth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1977 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship, an inter-county ladies' Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1977 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship Final
Cavan won by two goals – much media attention was focused on their midfielder Pauline Gibbons, who left the team mid-season to become an Augustinian nun, and received special permission from the Mother Superior to return for the final.


1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
The 1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.


1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship
On 2 October 1977, Kerry won the championship following a 1-11 to 1-5 defeat of Down in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title overall and their third in successive championship seasons.


1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 14th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964.


1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
On 9 October 1977, Kilkenny won the championship following a 2-9 to 1-9 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title in the under-21 grade and their first in two championship seasons.


1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
The 1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at Semple Stadium, Thurles on 9 October 1977 to determine the winners of the 1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the 14th season of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cork of Munster and Kilkenny of Leinster, with Kilkenny winning by 2-9 to 1-9.


1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
The All-Ireland final between Cork and Kilkenny was their fourth championship meeting. Cork, appearing in their 9th final, were the reigning champions and were hoping to win their 8th title in 12 years. Kilkenny were appearing in their fourth successive final.


1977 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final
Kilkenny's All-Ireland victory was their third in four years. The victory installed them as second on the all-time roll of honour.


1977 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team
The 1977 All-Pacific-8 Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific-8 Conference teams for the 1977 NCAA Division I football season.


1977 All-Pro Team
The following is a list of players that were named to the Associated Press All-Pro Team, the Newspaper Enterprise Association All-Pro team and the Pro Football Writers Association, and Pro Football Weekly All-Pro teams in 1977. Both first- and second- teams are listed for the AP and NEA teams. These are the four All-Pro teams that are included in the Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League and compose the Consensus All-pro team for 1977.


1977 All-Pro Team, Key
AP = Associated Press All-Pro team; AP-2 Associated Press Second-team All-Pro; PFWA = Pro Football Writers Association All-Pro team; NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association All-Pro team. ; NEA-2 Newspaper Enterprise Association Second-team All-Pro; PFW = Pro Football Weekly All-Pro team; t = players tied in votes.


1977 All-SEC football team
The 1977 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1977 NCAA Division I football season.


1977 All-SEC football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UPI


1977 Allan Cup
The 1977 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1976-77 Senior "A" season. The event was hosted by the Brantford Alexanders in Brantford, Ontario. The 1977 playoff marked the 69th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.


1977 Allsvenskan, Overview
The league was contested by 14 teams, with Malmö FF winning the championship.


1977 Amco Cup
The 1977 Amco Cup was the 4th edition of the NSWRFL Midweek Cup, a NSWRFL-organised national club Rugby League tournament between the leading clubs and representative teams from the NSWRFL, the BRL, the CRL, the QRL, the NZRL, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.


1977 Amco Cup
A total of 37 teams from across Australia and New Zealand played 36 matches in a straight knock-out format, with the matches being held midweek during the premiership season.


1977 America's Cup
The 1977 America's Cup was held in September 1977 at Newport, Rhode Island. The US defender, Courageous, skippered by Ted Turner, defeated the Australian challenger, Australia, skippered by Noel Robins, in a four-race sweep. Courageous' greatest winning margin out of all four races was 2 minutes and 23 seconds. It was the second unsuccessful challenge by Alan Bond.


1977 America's Cup
Courageous had beaten Lowell North's Enterprise and Ted Hood's Independence to become the defender. Australia had beaten France, Gretel II and Sverige to become the challenger.


1977 America's Cup
This was Ted Turner's second try at a Cup, losing out at the defender trials at the 1974 Cup. His crew included tactician Gary Jobson. Enterprise had included Malin Burnham, Halsey Herreshoff and John Marshall.


1977 American Airlines Tennis Games
The 1977 American Airlines Tennis Games was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Indian Wells Masters and was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was played at the Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California in the United States from February 21 through February 27, 1977. Brian Gottfried won the singles title.


1977 American Airlines Tennis Games, Finals, Doubles
Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan defeated  Marty Riessen /  Roscoe Tanner 7–6, 7–6


1977 American Airlines Tennis Games – Doubles
Colin Dibley and Sandy Mayer were the defending champions but only Dibley competed that year with Haroon Rahim.


1977 American Airlines Tennis Games – Doubles
Dibley and Rahim lost in the first round to Robert Lutz and Stan Smith.


1977 American Airlines Tennis Games – Doubles
Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan won in the final 7–6, 7–6 against Marty Riessen and Roscoe Tanner.


1977 American Airlines Tennis Games – Singles
Jimmy Connors was the defending champion but did not compete that year, due to a fractured colon from too sniffing.


1977 American Airlines Tennis Games – Singles
Brian Gottfried won in the final 2–6, 6–1, 6–3 against Guillermo Vilas. His mother went on to say that she was disappointed in him.


1977 American League Championship Series
The 1977 American League Championship Series was a five-game series played between October 5 and 9, 1977, between the Eastern division champion New York Yankees and the Western division champion Kansas City Royals.


1977 American League Championship Series
The games were played at Yankee Stadium (Games 1–2), and Royals Stadium (3–5). The Yankees took the series 3–2, and defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1977 World Series to take the title. Kansas City was given home-field advantage as it rotated back to the Western division; the Royals held a 102–60 record to the Yankees' 100–62 record.


1977 American League Championship Series, History
This was the second straight year in which the Royals and the Yankees squared off in the ALCS. The year before in the 1976 ALCS, the Yankees took the series in five games on a Chris Chambliss home run in the ninth inning of Game 5.


1977 American League Championship Series, History
This series, they would again win it in their last at bat.


1977 American League Championship Series, Overview
Each game of the series was dominated by, mostly, hitting. However, the pitchers of each team held their own and it made for some exciting games.


1977 American League Championship Series, Overview
The first game's matchup was Paul Splittorff (16–6) versus Don Gullett (14–4). Although the matchup seemed to not exactly be the classic Game 1 pitcher's duel, these two pitchers were the best of their profession for that season, although Gullett's was plagued with some shoulder injuries.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 1
The visiting Royals jumped on the sore-shouldered Don Gullett early and never looked back. Hal McRae hit a two-run home run in the first and Freddie Patek had a two-run double in the second. John Mayberry hit a two-run home run off of Dick Tidrow in the third. Thurman Munson provided the Yankee runs in the third with a two-run home run of his own, but that was the only blemish on a pitching gem by Paul Splittorff. Splittorff went eight strong innings and Doug Bird closed it in the ninth. Al Cowens added a home run for the Royals in the eighth off of Tidrow.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
The Royals had hopes of putting the Yankees down 2–0 going back to KC, and for a while that appeared possible. Beating new-found Yankees' ace Ron Guidry would be a tough task. The Royals scraped a run in the third when Freddie Patek drove in Darrell Porter with a sacrifice fly.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Royals' starter Andy Hassler had a shutout going for four innings, but Cliff Johnson broke the drought with a home run in the fifth. The Yankees took a 2–1 lead in the same inning when Willie Randolph singled, Hassler balked him to second, and Bucky Dent drove him home with a single.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Hard base-running helped the Royals tie it in the sixth inning. Patek led off with a double and Hal McRae walked. The next batter, George Brett, grounded to Graig Nettles, who threw to Randolph at second to force McRae. McRae, however, barreled into Randolph with a body-block, breaking up the double play attempt and enabling Patek to score the tying run.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
McRae's aggressive ploy seemed to ignite the Yankees in their half of the sixth. Thurman Munson singled with one out off of Hassler, then Lou Piniella singled with two outs off of Mark Littell. Johnson doubled in a run and after an intentional walk, an error by Brett on a Randolph grounder allowed two more runs to score to make it 5–2. Randolph also had an RBI single in the eighth off of Little.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 2
Meanwhile, Guidry stymied the Royals, pitching a complete game and allowing the Royals only three hits and the two runs.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
At Kauffman Stadium, Dennis Leonard pitched a four-hit complete game to give the Royals a 2–1 series lead. After a one-out walk and single, Freddie Patek's RBI single off of Mike Torrez in the second put the Royals up 1–0. Next inning, Al Cowens' groundout with runners on second and third and no outs made it 2–0 Royals.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 3
The Yankees got on the board in the fifth when Graig Nettles singled with two outs and scored on Lou Pinella's double, but the Royals got that run back in the bottom of the inning when Hal McRae hit a leadoff double, moved to third on a groundout, and scored on Cowens' groundout. Next inning, Torrez allowed a leadoff walk and single, then got two outs before being relieved by Sparky Lyle, who allowed a two-run double to Amos Otis. Next inning, George Brett hit a leadoff single and scored on John Mayberry's RBI double. The Yankees got a run in the ninth when Roy White doubled with one out and scored on first baseman Mayberry's error on Reggie Jackson's ground ball before Chris Chambliss grounded out to end the game.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 4
This game was a barn-burner early on, with the Yankees precariously clinging to the upper hand. New York jumped out to an early 4–0 lead after 2+1⁄2 innings on RBIs by Thurman Munson, Bucky Dent, Mickey Rivers, and Lou Piniella. The Royals clawed back in the home half of the third when Freddie Patek, having a fine series for himself, tripled and scored on a short fly ball hit by Frank White, barely beating Reggie Jackson's throw to the plate. George Brett tripled in a run in the same inning.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 4
After Graig Nettles singled in a run in the fourth to make it 5–2, the Royals got two more in their half. With two outs, Patek doubled in a run, chasing Yankee starter Ed Figueroa. White doubled in Patek and Hal McRae drew a walk off reliever Dick Tidrow. At this point, Yankee manager Billy Martin made a gutsy move, bringing in his ace closer and AL Cy Young Award winner, Sparky Lyle. Lyle was rarely used this early in a game, but Martin figured he was fresh, having only pitched one inning the whole series and, in Martin's own words, "I wanted my best pitcher out there."


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 4
But, the move paid off. Lyle shut the Royals down for the remaining 5+1⁄3 innings, allowing only two hits and no runners past second base. The Yankees added insurance in the ninth on a Munson sacrifice fly.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
In order for the Yankees to advance to their second straight World Series, they would have to win again at the Royals' home park. To do that, they would have to beat their Game 1 nemesis, Paul Splittorff. Given that, Yankee manager Billy Martin decided to sit out Reggie Jackson on the grounds that he was 1-for-15 so far in the series and, in his own words, "can't hit Splittorff." Paul Blair started in right field and batted eighth.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
The Royals struck for a pair in the first when Hal McRae singled and George Brett tripled him in. Brett slid hard into Graig Nettles at third and Nettles responded by kicking Brett, which started a bench-clearing brawl. Yankees' starting pitcher Ron Guidry rushed in to defend Nettles. After order was restored, Al Cowens drove in Brett with a groundout.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
The Yankees crept back in the third on a Thurman Munson RBI single, but the Royals matched that in the bottom half on a double by McRae and RBI single by Cowens with one out. Martin then pulled Guidry, who had gotten hurt in the first-inning brawl. Mike Torrez came in and pitched shutout ball over the next 5+1⁄3 innings.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
The Yankees began to claw back in the eighth. Right-hander Doug Bird relieved Splittorff after Willie Randolph led off the inning with a single. With one out, Piniella singled Randolph to third. With the "unhittable" Splittorff out of the game, Martin decided to send Jackson to the plate to hit for Cliff Johnson. Jackson put aside all frustrations over not starting the game and came through with a pinch-hit RBI single to cut the Royal lead to 3–2.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
The Royals mounted a threat in their half of the eighth. Torrez walked both Amos Otis and Pete LaCock with two outs, but relief ace Sparky Lyle came in and struck out Cookie Rojas, the Royals' DH playing in what would be his last major-league game.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
With apparently very little confidence in regular closer Mark Littell, who struggled in 1977, Royals manager Whitey Herzog sent Game 3 stopper Dennis Leonard out to preserve the lead in the ninth. Leonard, unaccustomed to short relief, yielded a bloop single to Paul Blair and walked Roy White (pinch hitting for Bucky Dent) with no outs. Herzog, going with percentages, replaced Leonard with another normal starter, left-hander Larry Gura. The strategy backfired as Gura gave up a game-tying RBI single to Mickey Rivers, with White reaching third. Herzog then brought in Littell, who retired Willie Randolph on a deep drive to center as White tagged and scored the go-ahead run. Munson was retired, but Piniella hit a grounder to third that Brett threw away at first, scoring Rivers with the final run.


1977 American League Championship Series, Game summaries, Game 5
Lyle then retired the Royals in the ninth, the final outs coming when Freddie Patek hit into a double play. As the Yankees celebrated, Patek sat in the dugout, dejected, for several minutes. (Coincidentally, it was Patek's 33rd birthday that day.) Tony Kubek, commentating for NBC, summed up:  "The Yankees know how to win."


1977 American League Championship Series, Composite box
1977 ALCS (3–2): New York Yankees over Kansas City Royals


1977 American Samoan gubernatorial election
Gubernatorial elections were held in American Samoa on 8 November 1977, with a run-off between the top two candidates on 22 November. Peter Tali Coleman was elected with 56% of the vote in the second round.