1977 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
With quarterbacks Craig Juntunen and Rocky Tuttle running the veer offense, the Vandals were 3–8 overall and 2–4 in the Big Sky in 1977. Idaho did not play runner-up Northern Arizona, but the Big Sky designated a non-conference home game for each to count as a sixth conference game in the standings, with both opponents from the PCAA. The Vandals lost to Pacific in September while NAU defeated Cal State Fullerton in October.


1977 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
The Vandals suffered a tenth straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State of the Pac-8, falling 45–17 at Martin Stadium in Pullman on November 12.


1977 Idaho Vandals football team, Season, Boise State
The season concluded with a 30-point home loss to Boise State, held two days after Thanksgiving. The young rivalry took a new step in the fourth quarter, when the Broncos were up 34–14 and in control. Having thrown the ball sparingly in building its twenty-point lead, second-year head coach Jim Criner went heavily to the passing game. Boise scored a touchdown with less than two minutes left, then staged a successful onside kick and made a field goal with seconds remaining.


1977 Idaho Vandals football team, Season, Boise State
Boise State went undefeated in the Big Sky, but because of the late conclusion of their regular season, they had to decline a berth in the Division II playoffs, which started earlier that day. Conference runner-up Northern Arizona took their place and was shut out at home, 35–0. In the previous season, underdog Idaho had won the rivalry game in the season opener before a record crowd in Boise in Criner's debut as head coach. At the time, the Broncos were three-time defending conference champions, all under previous head coach Tony Knap. Idaho had agreed to move that 1976 game from November 27 up to September 11, so that BSU could participate in the D-II playoffs, but the Broncos ended at 2–5 in the Big Sky (fifth) and 5–5–1 overall.


1977 Idaho Vandals football team, Division I
This was the last season prior to the creation of Division I-AA, which the Big Sky joined. Through 1977, the Big Sky was a Division II conference for football, except for Division I member Idaho, which moved down to I-AA in 1978. Idaho had maintained its upper division status in the NCAA by playing Division I non-conference opponents (and was ineligible for the Division II postseason). (Idaho was involuntarily dropped to the College Division in 1967, then returned to the University Division in 1969.)


1977 Idaho Vandals football team, Troxel fired
Five weeks after the season concluded, Troxel was asked for his resignation by new university president Richard Gibb on December 30. An assistant under the preceding three head coaches and a former head coach of track and field, he had been at UI for an over a decade. Very successful at Borah High School in Boise (1958–66), Troxel returned to the high school ranks in 1978 at Kennewick High School, in the Tri-Cities of eastern Washington, and built the Lions into winners; he coached through 1990, and died of cancer at age 75 in 2001.


1977 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference
Defensive tackle Tim Sanford and punter Ralph Lowe were name to the Big Sky all-conference team; Lowe was named to the second team as a placekicker. Also on the second team were tackle Larry Coombs, center Joe Kramer, running back Robert Taylor, linebacker Chris Tormey, defensive end Joe Pellegrini, and defensive back Brian Charles.


1977 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1977 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1977 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Gary Moeller, the Illini compiled a 3–8 record and finished in ninth place in the Big Ten Conference.


1977 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Mike McCray with 418 passing yards, running back James Coleman with 715 rushing yards, and wide receiver Tom Schooley with 231 receiving yards. Coleman and linebacker John Sullivan were selected as the team's most valuable players.


1977 Independence Bowl
The 1977 Independence Bowl featured the Louisville Cardinals and the Southland Conference champion Louisiana Tech Bulldogs. Louisville struck first on a 60-yard punt return for a touchdown by Kevin Miller in the first quarter. Louisiana Tech answered with a 1-yard touchdown run by Lewis to tie the game. The Bulldogs scored another touchdown on a 41-yard Keith Thibodeaux pass to Pree. Still in the first quarter, Thibodeaux threw an 8-yard touchdown pass to McCartney to increase Louisiana Tech's lead to 21–7. In the second quarter, Swiley connected on a 21-yard field goal to give the Dawgs a 24-7 halftime lead. In the third quarter, Kevin Miller scored his second touchdown of the game on a 13-yard run to close the gap to 24–14, which would end up being the final score.


1977 Indian Open
The 1977 Indian Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Bombay, India. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 28 November through 4 December 1977. The tournament was part of the 1 Star tier of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. Second-seeded Vijay Amritraj won the singles title, his third at the event after 1973 and 1975.


1977 Indian Open, Finals, Doubles
Mike Cahill /  Terry Moor defeated  Marcello Lara /  Jasjit Singh 6–7, 6–4, 6–4


1977 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
Rajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1977, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.


1977 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected
The following members are elected in the elections held in 1979. They are members for the term 1977-1983 and retire in year 1983, except in case of the resignation or death before the term. The list is incomplete.


1977 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections
The following bye elections were held in the year 1977.


1977 Indian general election
General elections were held in India between 16 and 20 March 1977 to elect the members of the 6th Lok Sabha. The elections took place during the Emergency period, which expired on 21 March 1977, shortly before the final results were announced.


1977 Indian general election
The election resulted in a heavy defeat for the Indian National Congress (INC), with the incumbent Prime Minister and INC party leader Indira Gandhi losing her seat in Rae Bareli. The call for restoration of democracy by revoking the Emergency is considered to be a major reason for the sweeping victory for the opposition Janata Alliance, whose leader Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister of India on 24 March. At 81, Desai became the oldest man to be elected Prime Minister of India.


1977 Indian general election, Background
This sixth general elections, which were conducted for 542 seats in single-member constituencies, represented 27 Indian states and union territories. These 542 constituencies remained same until 2004 Indian general elections for the 14th Lok Sabha.


1977 Indian general election, Background
The Emergency declared by the Indira Gandhi led Congress government was the core issue in the 1977 elections. Civil liberties were suspended during the national emergency from 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977 and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi assumed vast powers.


1977 Indian general election, Background
Gandhi had become extremely unpopular for her decision and paid for it during the elections. On 18 January, Gandhi called for fresh elections and released some political prisoners. Many remained in prison until she was ousted from office and a new prime minister took over. On 20 January, four opposition parties, the Indian National Congress (Organisation), the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the Bharatiya Lok Dal and the Praja Socialist Party, decided to fight the elections under a single banner called the Janata alliance. The alliance used the symbol allocated to Bhartiya Lok Dal as their symbol on the ballot papers.


1977 Indian general election, Background
The Janata Alliance reminded voters of the excesses and human rights violations during the Emergency, like compulsory sterilisation and imprisonment of political leaders. The Janata campaign said the elections would decide whether India would have "democracy or dictatorship." The Congress looked jittery. Agriculture and Irrigation Minister Babu Jagjivan Ram quit the party in the first week of February; other notable Congress stalwarts who crossed the floor with Jagjivan Ram before the election were Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna and Nandini Satpathy.


1977 Indian general election, Results, Voter behaviour
The elections in India's largest state Uttar Pradesh, historically a Congress stronghold, turned against Gandhi. Dhanagare says the structural reasons included the emergence of a strong and united opposition, disunity and weariness within the Congress, an effective opposition and the failure of Gandhi in controlling the mass media, which was under censorship during the Emergency. The structural factors allowed voters to express their grievances, notably their resentment of the emergency and its authoritarian and repressive policies. One grievance often mentioned was the 'Nasbandi' (vasectomy) campaign in rural areas. The middle class also emphasised on the curbing of freedom of speech throughout the country.


1977 Indian general election, Results, Voter behaviour
Meanwhile, Congress hit an all-time low in West Bengal, according to the Gangulys, because of poor discipline and factionalism among Congress activists as well as numerous defections that weakened the party. Opponents emphasised the issues of corruption within the Congress and appealed to a deep desire by the voters for fresh leadership. The Congress, however, did well in southern states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. The results were mixed in the western states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, although the Janata alliance won all the seats in Mumbai.


1977 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
The 1977 Indian general election polls in Andhra Pradesh were held for 42 seats in the state. The result was a landslide victory for the Indian National Congress (Indira) which won 41 out of 42 seats.


1977 Indian general election in Bihar
This is a list of successful candidates from constituencies in Bihar in the 1977 general elections to the 5th Lok Sabha, the lower house of the parliament of India.


1977 Indian general election in Gujarat
The 1977 Indian general election was held to constitute the 6th Lok Sabha. Polling was held between 16 and 20 March 1977. It was held during the Emergency period, which expired on 21 March 1977, right before the final results were announced.


1977 Indian general election in Gujarat
The election resulted in a heavy defeat for the Indian National Congress (INC) government, with the incumbent Prime Minister and INC party leader Indira Gandhi losing her Lok Sabha seat from Rae Bareli. The call for the restoration of democracy by revoking the Emergency is considered to be a major reason for the sweeping victory for the opposition Janata alliance, whose leader Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister of India on 24 March 1977.


1977 Indian general election in Gujarat
In Gujrat, Janta Party/ BLD wins 16 seats and INC wins 10 seats out of a total of 26 seats. The seat is increased to 26 from 24 from the last election.


1977 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir
The 1977 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir to the 6th Lok Sabha were held for 6 seats. Jammu and Kashmir National Conference won 2 seats, Indian National Congress won 2 seats and an independent candidate Parvati Devi of Ladakh constituency won 1 seat.


1977 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu
The 1977 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. The result was a big victory for Indian National Congress under Indira Gandhi and its allies All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Communist Party of India winning 34 seats, while Janata Party and its allies Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Indian National Congress (Organisation) won only 5 seats. The Janata Party ended up winning this election. After the election, the AIADMK ended up supporting the Janata Party under Morarji Desai. In 1979, AIADMK continued to support Janata Party, by supporting Charan Singh, which resulted in the appointment of two AIADMK cabinet members.


1977 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu, Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Tamil Nadu
While there were no members from Tamil Nadu in Morarji Desai's Administration, Charan Singh appointed two AIADMK members to his cabinet, making it the first time a non-Congress Dravidian Party member making it to the council of ministers at the national level.


1977 Indian presidential election
The Election Commission of India held indirect 7th presidential elections of India on 6 August 1977. Even though 37 candidates filed their nominations, 36 of them were rejected, leading to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy being one of the two Presidents of India winning unopposed.


1977 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1977 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1977 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Lee Corso, in his fifth year as head coach of the Hoosiers.


1977 Indianapolis 500
The 61st 500 Mile International Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Sunday, May 29, 1977. Considered one of the most historically significant editions of the Indianapolis 500, several sidebar stories complemented the unprecedented accomplishment of race winner A. J. Foyt. Foyt became the first driver to win the Indianapolis 500 four times. As of 2021, Foyt's record has been tied by Al Unser Sr.,  Rick Mears and Hélio Castroneves, but still stands as an Indy 500 record. Foyt's victory is also the last time the winning car (both chassis and engine) was built entirely within the United States.


1977 Indianapolis 500
The race was sanctioned by USAC, and was part of the 1977 USAC National Championship Trail. After rain-shortened races in three of the past four years (1973, 1975, 1976), the 1977 race was run the full distance under hot and sunny conditions.


1977 Indianapolis 500
Two major stories headlined qualifying. During time trials, Tom Sneva won the pole position with a new track record. He became the first driver to break the 200 mph barrier at the Speedway. On the final day of time trials, Janet Guthrie broke the gender barrier by becoming the first female driver to qualify for the Indy 500.


1977 Indianapolis 500
During the summer of 1976, the entire track was repaved in asphalt. It marked the first time since the original brick surface was laid in the fall of 1909 that the Indianapolis Motor Speedway was repaved in its entirety. The surface was allowed to cure over the winter, and during a tire test in March, Gordon Johncock ran a lap of 200.401 mph, an unofficial track record.


1977 Indianapolis 500
This would be the final Indy 500 for track owner Tony Hulman, who would die of heart failure on October 27, 1977. IMS Radio Network anchor Sid Collins did not call the race for the first time since 1951. Collins committed suicide on May 2, just five days before opening day, after being diagnosed with ALS. Collins was replaced by new "Voice of the 500" Paul Page.


1977 Indianapolis 500
Other historical milestones during the month included the first grandson of a former driver entering (Teddy Pilette) and the first father and son combination attempting to qualify for the same race (Jim and James McElreath Jr.). However, neither Pilette (grandson of 1913 competitor Théodore Pilette) nor McElreath Jr. succeeded in making the field.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Pole Day – Saturday May 14
During the first week of practice, several drivers flirted with the elusive 200 mph barrier. Mario Andretti, A. J. Foyt, and Johnny Rutherford all ran unofficial practice laps over 200 mph. All three became immediate favorites for the pole position. Going into the month, the official one-lap track record was still 199.071 mph, set by Johnny Rutherford back in 1973.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Pole Day – Saturday May 14
Pole day was sunny and warm, and an estimated 200,000 spectators arrived anticipating a record-setting day. No drivers broke the 200 mph barrier during practice on the morning of pole day, but participants and observers expected the record to fall during official time trials. At 11:00 a.m., A. J. Foyt was the first driver to make an attempt. His four-lap speed of 193.465 mph was far short of the record. Al Unser Sr. (195.950 mph) went faster and took over the top spot about a half hour later.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Pole Day – Saturday May 14
At 11:51 a.m., Tom Sneva took to the track. He set new all-time one-lap and four-lap track records. He became the first driver to break the highly anticipated 200 mph barrier at Indy.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Pole Day – Saturday May 14
Though his last two laps dropped off, Sneva's four-lap average was fast enough to secure the pole position. Sneva was rewarded by having 200 silver dollars poured into his helmet. The symbolic gesture, performed by Phil Hedback of Bryant Heating and Cooling Company, mimicked Parnelli Jones, who broke the 150 mph barrier in 1962, and was awarded with 150 silver dollars poured into his helmet.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Pole Day – Saturday May 14
About an hour later, USAC officials retracted A. J. Foyt's qualifying time, stating that during post-inspection, they discovered that his pop-off valve was fractured and malfunctioned. Since the infraction was not Foyt's fault, he was allowed to re-qualify. Foyt's speed of 194.563 mph was faster than his previous attempt.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Pole Day – Saturday May 14
Bobby Unser (197.618 mph) put himself in the middle of the front row, bumping his brother Al to the outside. Johnny Rutherford, an early favorite for the front row, waved off his first run, then stalled on his second run. The day ended with the field filled to 16 cars, with Rutherford among those not qualified. Sneva was the only driver to run any laps over 200 mph all afternoon.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Second Day – Sunday May 15
Johnny Rutherford (197.325 mph) put in the third-fastest speed in the field, but as a second day qualifier, he was forced to line up behind the first day qualifiers in 17th position.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Second Day – Sunday May 15
Five cars completed runs, filling the field to 21 cars. Clay Regazzoni wrecked during his attempt, but was not seriously injured. Regazzoni was planning on running both Indy and the Monaco Grand Prix, but the crash complicated his travel schedule.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Third Day – Saturday May 21
Clay Regazzoni started the day in Monte Carlo, but rain washed out his chance to qualify for the Monaco Grand Prix. Car owner Teddy Yip made plans to fly him back to Indy and attempt to qualify for the 500. Mario Andretti, who put in a safe qualifying time at Indy the weekend before, remained in Monaco to compete in the race, he would finish 5th.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Third Day – Saturday May 21
Qualifying was sparse during the early parts of the day, with at least 12 cars taking to the track, but only two attempts run to completion. At the end of the day, the field was filled to 27 cars. Clay Regazzoni did not make it to the Speedway in enough time, and he would have to wait until Sunday.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day – Sunday May 22
The final day of time trials became a historic milestone in auto racing history. Janet Guthrie was the first car to take the track, and she became the first female driver to qualify for the Indianapolis 500. Her four-lap average of 188.403 mph put her safely in the field, and she was the fastest car of the afternoon. Like he did for Tom Sneva a week earlier, Phil Hedback poured 188 silver dollars in her helmet, matching her qualifying speed, which was also a female closed-course speed record.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day – Sunday May 22
After a hectic travel burden, Clay Regazzoni finally put a car in the field.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day – Sunday May 22
At about 3:30 p.m., Salt Walther (184.549 mph) completed a run, followed later by Bubby Jones (184.938 mph), and the field was filled to 33 cars. Cliff Hucul (187.198 mph) bumped out Walther. With about an hour to go, Eldon Rasmussen bumped out Vern Schuppan, and John Mahler bumped out Joe Saldana.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day – Sunday May 22
The final hour of qualifying saw several drivers try, but fail, to bump their way in. Young rookie Rick Mears was too slow on his two attempts, and he failed to qualify. Jim Hurtubise once again was the center of attention for a few minutes, as he rolled out his Mallard/Offy to the qualifying line. After one slow lap he waved off, and it was the final qualifying attempt ever made by a front-engined car at Indy.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day – Sunday May 22
As the 6 o'clock gun fired, James McElreath, Jr. was the final car on the track, but his speed was too slow to make the field. Jim and James, Jr. were trying to become the first father and son to qualify for the same Indy 500. James, Jr. fell short, however, and would die in a sprint car crash later in the year, never having a chance to race together.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 26
After qualifying closed, the team of Salt Walther purchased the qualified car of Bill Puterbaugh from owner Lee Elkins. Salt's father George and brother Jeff were responsible for the purchase, and paid a reported $60,000 for the entry, and subsequently fired Puterbaugh from the ride. Salt Walther was named the new driver for the car, and it was repainted in his livery. According to the rules, the car would have to move to the rear of the field on race day. Almost immediately, the situation received significant negative criticism. A day later, Puterbaugh was reinstated to the ride, therefore Puterbaugh was reinstated to his 28th starting position.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Carburetion Day – Thursday May 26
The final practice day saw Johnny Rutherford (194.533 mph) set the fastest lap. Mike Mosley was the only incident of the day, suffering a broken piston. Later in the afternoon, Jim McElreath's #73 Carrillo team won the first annual Miller Pit Stop Contest.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Starting lineup, Failed to qualify
R  = Indianapolis 500 rookie W  = Former Indianapolis 500 winner


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Pre-race
After Janet Guthrie became the first female driver to qualify for the Indianapolis 500, controversy began to surround the famous starting command, "Gentlemen, start your engines!" Speedway management did not want to alter the traditional phrase. During the week before the race, the management announced that they would not change the wording of the command, but numerous suggestions were being offered by various promoters and members of the media around the country. Looking for an excuse, the management insisted that the cars were actually started by male crew members with an electric hand-held starter from behind the car.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Pre-race
Guthrie and her crew were quite displeased by the stubbornness of the Speedway management, considering her unprecedented accomplishment. The crew reacted by assigning Kay Bignotti (wife of George Bignotti) as the crew member to operate the inertial starter at the back of Guthrie's car. The Speedway's argument fell apart, and they decided upon a special amended command for that year. They did not announce beforehand what the special command would be, and Hulman's highly anticipated phrase was the following:


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Pre-race
"In company with the first lady ever to qualify at Indianapolis, gentlemen, start your engines!"


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Pre-race
The issues with the starting command were not Guthrie's only troubles. On the morning of the race, an official inspecting the pit area discovered that Guthrie's pit side fuel tank hose was leaking. Dripping methanol fuel was observed under the tank, and officials threatened to disqualify the team if they could not contain the leak. A hasty repair was made by wrapping a plastic bag around the hose, and the officials were satisfied.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
At the start, Al Unser swept from the outside of the front row, and led into turn one. Polesitter Tom Sneva grabbed second. Bobby Unser settled into third. Johnny Rutherford over-revved the engine, and dropped out with gearbox failure. Janet Guthrie was in the pits early with engine trouble. She would suffer a long day of numerous frustrating pits stops.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Gordon Johncock took the lead for the first time on lap 18. After Johncock pitted, A. J. Foyt led laps 27-51.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Lloyd Ruby crashed in turn two and brought out the yellow on lap 49. It would be Ruby's final Indy 500. During the sequence of pit stops, Gordon Johncock came to the lead, and led most of the laps to the midpoint.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half
Eldon Rasmussen brought out the yellow for a spin on lap 69. He was able to continue. It was only the second, and would be the last, on-track incident of the race. At the halfway point, attrition had taken its toll during the hot day. Only 17 cars were still running.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
Gordon Johncock was the dominating leader in the second half. He took the lead again on lap 97, and led through lap 179. A. J. Foyt, Tom Sneva, and Al Unser were the closest pursuers.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
A long stretch of green flag racing continued until lap 159, when George Snider and Pancho Carter stalled on the track.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
After numerous attempts to re-join the race, Janet Guthrie finally dropped out on the leader's lap 149, having completed only 27 laps. On one of the many pit stops, fuel from the overflow hose leaked out and spilled into the cockpit. Guthrie's crew had to escort her back to the garage area and find a place for her to shower off in private (there were no women's restrooms in the garage area at the time) to clean off the spilled fuel prior to addressing the media.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half
Two cycles of pit stops remained for the leaders. Gordon Johncock continued to lead A. J. Foyt. Tom Sneva was also still on the lead lap. The three leaders made the next-to-last pits stops within one lap of each other. Johncock was beginning to complain of dehydration and heat exhaustion, and the crew doused him with water. Johncock, however, managed to return to the track with a lead of about 15–20 seconds.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
With 20 laps to go, Johncock still led Foyt by 10 seconds. Sneva was lurking in third place. With Johncock physically ailing, A. J. Foyt began to close the margin. Johncock made his final stop on lap 181. He took on fuel only, and the crew again doused him with water. He pulled away after a 14.7 second stop. Two laps later, Foyt made his final stop. Foyt took on right side tires and fuel, and was away in only 12.9 seconds. Johncock re-assumed the lead, but it was down to only 7 seconds.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Suddenly as Johncock hit the mainstretch the next time around to complete lap 184, a huge cloud of smoke came from his car and he veered to the inside. Johncock parked the car in turn one with a broken crankshaft. Foyt inherited the lead with only 16 laps to go. Johncock climbed from his car, and hopped into the infield creek to splash some water on himself to cool off.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Finish
Foyt now held a nearly 30-second lead over second place Tom Sneva. Foyt was able to cruise comfortably over the final 15 laps and became the first driver to win the Indianapolis 500 four times.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Post race
The historic accomplishment was highly celebrated, and Foyt invited track owner Tony Hulman to ride with him in the pace car to salute the fans. It was one of the very few times that Tony Hulman rode with the winner of the race as he died the following October.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Post race
Tom Sneva bettered his 6th place finish from the previous year to a solid 2nd place. He would ride this momentum by winning the Pocono 500 later in the season and win the 1977 National Drivers championship.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Race results, Box score
R  = Indianapolis 500 rookie W  = Former Indianapolis 500 winner


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Following the suicide of chief announcer Sid Collins on May 2, Paul Page was elevated to the anchor position and became the new "Voice of the 500." Lou Palmer reported from victory lane. Fred Agabashian returned for his 12th and final year as the "driver expert." At the opening of the broadcast, veteran Jim Shelton reported on the death of Collins to the worldwide listening audience, then introduced Page as the new anchor.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Paul Page had been groomed by Sid Collins to be his eventual replacement. Despite the bereavement of the crew regarding Collins’ death, the broadcast was a flawless affair, and ushered in a new era for the network. In the coming years, Page would upgrade the workings of the broadcast, including enhanced communication with the reporters, and new talent at the positions.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
This would be the 30th year for Jim Shelton on the crew, reporting from his familiar fourth turn position. Darl Wible debuted on the crew in 1977, reporting from the backstretch location. Bob Forbes served as the wireless roving reporter in the garages. Among the celebrities interviewed in the pits were Evel Knievel, Sam Hanks, and Formula One commentator Anthony Marsh.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Paul PageDriver expert: Fred AgabashianStatistician: John DeCampHistorian: Donald Davidson


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Ron CarrellTurn 2: Howdy BellBackstretch: Darl Wible R Turn 3: Doug ZinkTurn 4: Jim Shelton


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried in the United States on ABC Sports on a same-day tape delay basis. "Heavy Action" was used in an "Indianapolis 500" opening credits for the second time as Monday Night Football Producers Roone Arledge and Chuck Howard along with Directors Chet Forte and Larry Kamm also did work on this broadcast. Jim McKay anchored the broadcast. The broadcast took place in the midst of the National Association of Broadcast Employees and Technicians strike at ABC. Unlike previous years during this era, ABC-TV got the first interview with the race winner, as Bill Flemming spoke with A.J. Foyt prior to Lou Palmer.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast has re-aired in partiality on ESPN Classic since May 2011.


1977 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast is also available for free via the official IndyCar Series and official Indianapolis Motor Speedway YouTube channels.


1977 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1977 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the 12th edition of the World Championship  The Championship was held on 5/6 March 1977 in Inzell, Germany.


1977 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The winner was Sergey Tarabanko of the Soviet Union for the third successive year.


1977 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1977 Individual Long Track World Championship was the seventh edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 11 September 1977 in Aalborg, Denmark.


1977 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Anders Michanek of Sweden.


1977 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship
The 1977 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship was the inaugural edition of the European Under-21 Championships.


1977 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship, European Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1977 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1977 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 32nd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1977 Individual Speedway World Championship
History was made in the 1977 final when Ivan Mauger of New Zealand equalled Ove Fundin's title record of five World Championship wins. Mauger had gone close to equalling the record before and finally achieved it in Sweden, the home of Fundin. In a decisive 18th heat Mauger won from his nearest challenger Ole Olsen, when Olsen was forced to lay his bike down to avoid hitting John Boulger. The result was just one point for Olsen, a badly damaged Jawa bike and the end of his title hopes. Defending champion Peter Collins won his last ride to claim the silver medal but Olsen won the bronze medal run-off against young English rider Michael Lee.


1977 Individual Speedway World Championship, British Qualification, British Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1977 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Australasian Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1977 Individual Speedway World Championship, Intercontinental Round, Intercontinental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1977 Individual Speedway World Championship, Continental Round, Continental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1977 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1977 Indonesian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 2 May 1977. They were the third legislative elections since independence, and the second under the New Order regime. There were three participants; the two political parties and functional group Golkar.


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Background
In 1971, the New Order regime of Indonesia held the first legislative elections since 1955 in an effort to establish a system of government with President Suharto and the Indonesian military in control and to give this system legitimacy. Thanks to government manipulation of the nine contesting parties and intervention by the government and the military, the government-sponsored Golkar organization won 63 percent of the vote, giving it 227 of the 251 directly elected seats in the DPR as well as all nine indirectly elected seats in Western New Guinea. Golkar was also awarded the remaining 100 seats according to the provisions of the 1969 Election Law, giving it 336, almost three quarters of the total.


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Background
President Suharto had long wanted the political parties to be "simplified", and in 1972, he said that this simplification would be complete if there were only three ballot symbols in the next election, a sentiment echoed by Suharto's personal assistant and head of the Special Operations (Opsus) unit Ali Murtopo, who said the 1976 election (as it was then scheduled) would only be contested by three "flags", namely those of the two parties and one functional group. In January 1973, this was realized in the forced fusion of the nine existing political parties into two: the four Islamic parties were combined into the United Development Party (PPP) and the nationalist and Christian parties formed the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI).


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Background
In its 1973 session, the People's Consultative Assembly reelected Suharto president for a five-year term and passed a resolution stating that the election would be held at the latest by the end of 1977 and that there would be three participants, the two political parties and the 'functional group' Golkar. The election was finally scheduled for 1977, the extra year being necessary for the New Order to have enough time to make the necessary changes to laws to ensure its victory.


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Background
The government began preparing for the election in 1975 when it sent the necessary legislation for approval to the DPR. There were two bills, one on the party system and one on the organization of the election. They were designed to make it easier for Golkar to defeat the two parties by banning civil servants from joining political parties (i.e. not including Golkar), obliging parties to adopt the state philosophy Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution as their sole ideology and not allowing parties to organize below the level of the district. There was strong opposition to these proposals from both the parties, and this resulted in a compromise on all three, in particular with the PPP being allowed to be based on Islam.


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Background
As in 1971, the government screened all election candidates and disqualified 19% from the PPP, 16% from the PDI and 5% from Golkar.


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign
The campaign lasted from 24 February to 24 April. The week before the 2 May vote was a "quiet week". During the campaign, there were a total of 203 recorded violations, 103 by the United Development Party, 38 by the Indonesian Democratic Party, 22 by Golkar, 15 by officers and 25 anonymously.


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Results
The 100 unelected seats were filled by appointed Golkar representatives, including 75 from ABRI and four from the new province of East Timor, which was "not yet able to hold elections".


1977 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath
The newly elected members of the DPR were sworn in on 1 October 1977.


1977 Intercontinental Cup
The 1977 Intercontinental Cup was an association football tie held over two legs in March and August 1978 between Boca Juniors, winners of the 1977 Copa Libertadores, and Borussia Mönchengladbach, runners-up of the 1976–77 European Cup. European Cup winners Liverpool declined to participate.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Background
As Liverpool declined to participate, Borussia Mönchengladbach was the team appointed to play the series. Due to schedule problems, the Cup was not played until 1978, with the second leg having been held more than four months after the first game in Buenos Aires.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Background
Previously to those series, Borussia had won the Bundesliga three consecutive times (1974–77) with notable players such as Berti Vogts and Danish forward Allan Simonsen, awarded with Ballon d'Or in 1977.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Background
As part of the preparation for the series, Boca Juniors manager, Juan Carlos Lorenzo, sent a friend of him to Borussia's training camp (pretending to be a local journalist due to his knowledge of German language) to watch the team in action. The envoy then sent Lorenzo a detailed report about Borussia's players, their technical characteristics and skills on the field.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, First leg
The first game was held in La Bombonera, with Boca Juniors taking advantage with a goal by Ernesto Mastrángelo, but Borussia scored two goals for a partial 2–1 win until Jorge Ribolzi scored for the 2–2 that would be the final result.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg
In October, Boca Juniors travelled to Germany to play the second leg, with the media being sceptical about a victory there. As Borussia's stadium was being refurbished, the match played at Wildparkstadion, which was remarkable for being the stadium with the best lighting throughout Germany by then.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg
Coach Juan Carlos Lorenzo surprised everyone when he decided to replace Francisco Sa, an experienced but slow player (with 33 years old) by younger and faster José Luis Tesare. He also put three attacking players (resulting in a 4–3–3 formation), something infrequent by those times.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg
The plan designed by Lorenzo was a real aim so Boca Juniors scored three goals for a 3–0 (Felman, Mastrángelo and Salinas) at the end of first half. Nevertheless, during the first 15 minutes of the match Borussia played much better than Boca Juniors but the German match could not score a goal in despite of their dominance over the rival.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg
One of the key players of the match was Darío Felman, who also scored a goal. Felman, on loan to Valencia CF by then, had not attend the first game in La Bombonera but Alberto J. Armando convinced him to play the second leg. Felman gave Ernesto Mastrangelo a precise pass to score the second goal of the match.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg
At the end of the match, Borussia manager, Udo Lattek stated that "Boca Juniors was a more mature and intelligent team than us".


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Aftermath
Boca Juniors's victory was acclaimed throughout Argentina, even by supporters of rival clubs. It was the first intercontinental title for the club and the third for a big five club of Argentina after the victories of Racing and Independiente in 1967 and 1973 respectively.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Aftermath
After their return from Germany, Boca Juniors players went directly to the club so they had to play Newell's Old Boys in the Metropolitano tournament, which would be finally won by Quilmes.


1977 Intercontinental Cup, Aftermath
Nobody believed in us. I sent an assistant to spy on Borussia's preseason and that helped me draw conclusions. I knew they were going to be tough and that I had to put a fast team on the field


1977 Intercontinental Final
The 1977 Intercontinental Final was the third running of the Intercontinental Final as part of the qualification for the 1977 Speedway World Championship. The 1977 Final was run on 21 August at the White City Stadium in London, England, and the last qualifying stage for riders from Scandinavia, the USA and from the Commonwealth nations, though as the World Final was held at the Ullevi stadium in Göteborg, Sweden, the Swedish riders qualified for the World Final through the Swedish Final held in June.


1977 Intercontinental Final
Reigning World Champion Peter Collins put in an almost flawless performance to claim his second straight Intercontinental Final with a 15-point maximum, though he did make it hard on himself with some poor gating followed by some brilliant riding. Ole Olsen bounced back from his 1976 Intercontinental Final failure by finishing second, while in a battle of the youngsters, 21-year-old Australian Billy Sanders defeated England's 18-year-old British Champion Michael Lee in a runoff for third place after both riders finished on 12 points.


1977 Intercontinental Final
Ivan Mauger, who finished in 5th place at White City, would go on to win the World Championship in Sweden. It was to be his 5th World title win equalling the record held by Sweden's Ove Fundin who was on hand to congratulate the New Zealand rider.


1977 Intertoto Cup
In the 1977 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.


1977 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into ten groups of four teams each.


1977 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1977 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 1977 Big Ten Conference football season.


1977 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season summary, at Wisconsin
Iowa’s 24–8 triumph in Madison started an 18–game unbeaten streak (17–0–1) against the Badgers.


1977 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1977 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season as a member of the Big Eight Conference (Big 8). The team was led by head coach Earle Bruce, in his fifth year, and they played their home games at Cyclone Stadium in Ames, Iowa. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and four losses (8–4, 5–2 Big 8), which included a loss to NC State in the Peach Bowl.


1977 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1977 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 13 August 1977.


1977 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Lindas Champion won £17,500 and was owned, trained and bred by 21-year old Michael Barrett from Ballingarry. The competition was sponsored by Carrolls.


1977 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The Irish Derby trial stakes held around Ireland had previously failed to produce an ultimate winner of the Irish Derby but in 1977 this changed. The Kilkenny Greyhound Stadium trial stakes winner Linda's Champion had entered the stake for just £5 and gained a free entry to the competition itself by winning the Kilkenny heat.


1977 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The first round proper featured 105 entries and despite a Racing Managers strike which had closed most Irish tracks for a month. Heading the ante-post betting was the litter brothers Greenane Decca and Glen Rock both trained by Paddy Nugent, and the newly crowned Welsh Greyhound Derby champion Instant Gambler handled by Jack Murphy. English hope Gaily Noble recorded 29.17 before one of the leading contenders Glen Rock pulled up and stopped in a later heat. Other winners included Shady Monkey (29.19), Brush Tim (29.23) and Ballintee Star (29.26).


1977 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Instant Gambler impressed with a time of 28.94 in round two; Brush Tim recorded 29.02 for new trainer Francie Murray, Francie had taken over from his father Mick. Gaily Noble went well again in 29.07. Linda's Champion won in 29.25 and remarkably was competing in the Tipperary Cup at the same time as the Derby.


1977 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the quarter finals Instant Gambler failed to progress further and the Eugene McNamara trained Swibo defeated Gaily Noble. Linda's Champion and Greenane Decca won the remaining two heats. In the semi-final Gay McKenna gained success by claiming the first heat with 10-1 shot Black Bart from Brush Tim and Linda's Champion. The second heat resulted in Rokeel Light beating Greenane Decca and Boolas Hill.


1977 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Greenane Decca had beaten Linda's Champion in the National Produce Stakes final earlier in the year but this time the tables were turned as Linda's Champion led all the way before holding off a late challenge by Brush Tim. The photo finish went in favour of the former and Greenane Decca finished third. Linda's Champion also won the Tipperary Cup during the event.


1977 Irish general election
The 1977 Irish general election was held on 16 June 1977 and is regarded as a pivotal point in twentieth-century Irish politics. Jack Lynch led Fianna Fáil to a landslide election win. The general election took place in 42 parliamentary constituencies throughout Ireland for 148 seats in the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann. The number of seats in the Dáil was increased by 4 from 144 to 148. The newly elected 148 members of the 21st Dáil assembled at Leinster House on 5 July, when a new Fianna Fáil government replaced the incumbent Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition, Jack Lynch becoming Taoiseach for the second time.


1977 Irish general election, Campaign
In spite of having faced some controversial issues during its term of office, the ruling Fine Gael–Labour Party coalition looked set to defy political history by winning an unprecedented second term. This belief was further augmented following the so-called "Tullymander" of parliamentary constituencies. This refers to the Minister for Local Government James Tully, and his scheme of redrawing every constituency in the country in an effort to maximise the vote for the coalition partners. For example, in Dublin there were thirteen three-seat constituencies. It was hoped that the coalition partners would win two of the seats, leaving Fianna Fáil with only one seat. A similar tactic was used in rural areas where the party was at its strongest.


1977 Irish general election, Campaign
As a result of this, Fianna Fáil and its leader Jack Lynch believed that they couldn't win the general election. The party drew up a manifesto which offered the electorate a string of financial and economic "sweeteners", encouraging them to vote for Fianna Fáil. Some of the promises that were offered included the abolition of rates on houses, the abolition of car tax and the promise of reducing unemployment to under 100,000. Lynch agreed to the manifesto because he believed that the party needed something dramatic if it were to win the election.


1977 Irish general election, Campaign
Both The Irish Times and The Irish Press, which was then edited by Tim Pat Coogan, were extremely critical of the government's curtailment of freedom of speech and in particular of the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs Conor Cruise O'Brien, who used these restrictions against the PIRA.


1977 Irish general election, Campaign
The Fianna Fáil campaign was based on the American model. Inspired by director of elections Séamus Brennan, Lynch travelled the length and breadth of the country, music blaring, accompanied by his followers. His popularity was at its highest, and it soon became clear he might win the election. Lynch's popularity was a big electoral asset. The party slogan "Bring Back Jack" even played on Lynch's huge appeal. But the monetary sweeteners were Fianna Fáil's biggest asset.


1977 Irish general election, Campaign
In contrast to Fianna Fáil, the government parties of Fine Gael and the Labour Party fought the general election on their record in government. The redrawing of the constituency boundaries also gave them hope for success, however they offered little to the electorate except for the policies they had been pursuing for the previous four years.


1977 Irish general election, Campaign
While towards the end of the campaign Fianna Fáil were expected to win the general election, nobody predicted the scale of that victory. An unprecedented nine-seat majority in Dáil Éireann for Fianna Fáil saw the National Coalition swept from power in what was at the time the biggest political hurricane in Irish history. Only Éamon de Valera had ever done better, but only once out of 13 elections. Following the election defeat the leaders of Fine Gael and the Labour Party, Liam Cosgrave and Brendan Corish resigned as leaders of their respective parties, the first occasion in which a defeated Taoiseach or Tánaiste had done so.


1977 Irish general election, Campaign
"Tullymandering" and the unprecedented sweeteners were the cause for the scale of the coalition's defeat. The new government established an independent commission to carry out future boundary revisions.


1977 Irish general election, Result
Independents include Independent Fianna Fáil (13,824 votes, 1 seat) and the Community group in Dublin (9,427 votes).


1977 Irish general election, First time TDs
A total of 42 TDs were elected for the first time:


1977 Island Holidays Classic
The 1977 Island Holidays Classic, also known as the Hawaii Open, was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Maui, Hawaii, in the United States that was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit and categorized as 3 star event. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from October 3 through October 9, 1977. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title, his second at the event after 1975.


1977 Island Holidays Classic, Finals, Doubles
Stan Smith /  Bob Lutz defeated  Brian Gottfried /  Raúl Ramírez 7–6, 6–4


1977 Isle of Man TT
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:08, 27 November 2020 (Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 2 templates: del empty params (2×);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1977 Isle of Man TT
The 1977 Isle of Man TT took place between 11 June – 17 June 1977, at the Snaefell Mountain Course. 1977 marked the beginning of an era as it was the first time the Isle of Man TT did not appear on the Grand Prix calendar.


1977 Israel Super Cup
The 1977 Israel Super Cup was the 7th Israel Super Cup (12th, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup.


1977 Israel Super Cup
The match was played between Maccabi Tel Aviv, champions of the 1976–77 Liga Leumit and Maccabi Jaffa, runners-up in the league, as Maccabi Tel Aviv also won the 1976–77 Israel State Cup.


1977 Israel Super Cup
This was Maccabi Tel Aviv's 4th Israel Super Cup appearance (including unofficial matches) and Maccabi Jaffa's first. At the match, played at Bloomfield Stadium, Maccabi Tel Aviv won 3–2.


1977 Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion crash
On May 10, 1977, an Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Yas'ur helicopter crashed during an exercise in the Jordan Valley, killing all 54 on board (including the 10-member flight crew). The disaster became known as Ason Hanun-dalet, or "Disaster of the 54".


1977 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 17 May 1977 to elect the ninth Knesset. For the first time in Israeli political history, the right-wing, led by Likud, won a plurality of seats, ending almost 30 years of rule by the left-wing Alignment and its predecessor, Mapai. The dramatic shift in Israeli politics caused by the outcome led to it becoming known as "the revolution" (Hebrew: המהפך, HaMahapakh), a phrase coined by TV anchor Haim Yavin when he announced the election results live on television with the words "Ladies and gentlemen—a revolution!" (Hebrew: !גבירותי ורבותי—מהפך, Gvirotai veRabotai—Mahapakh!). The election saw the beginning of a period lasting almost two decades where the left- and right-wing blocs held roughly equal numbers of seats in the Knesset.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
The Alignment was re-elected in December 1973, following the Yom Kippur War, but continued in-fighting and investigation into Israel's preparedness led to the resignations of Prime Minister Golda Meir and Minister of Defense, Moshe Dayan the following April. This led to a power struggle between former Chief of Staff and Ambassador to the United States Yitzhak Rabin and Transportation minister Shimon Peres. Rabin was elected by the party by a small margin; it was felt that the Labor Party (the major faction of the Alignment) needed a candidate untouched by the disastrous war. Rabin formed a new government on 3 June 1974, and presided uneasily over a quarrelsome coalition, with Shimon Peres as Defense Minister; their bitter feud dates from this period.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
During the mid-1970s, American Secretary of State Henry Kissinger sought to progress a peace deal between Israel and the Arab countries. The Sinai Interim Agreement was signed on 4 September 1975 following a threatened 'reassessment' of the United States' regional policy and its relations with Israel. Rabin notes it was "an innocent-sounding term that heralded one of the worst periods in American–Israeli relations." Despite progress on the Egyptian front, settlement activity in the West Bank increased with support from Peres and some National Religious Party members.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
General strikes and protests on 30 March 1976 turned violent. Six unarmed demonstrators were killed by the IDF and police. At least 100 Arabs were wounded and many others jailed. The event is commemorated annually as Land Day.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
Despite Arab MKs being brought into the government as Deputy Ministers for the first time in the early 1970s, support for the traditional Arab political parties such as Progress and Development and the Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers, which were aligned with Mapai and the Alignment, was on the wane, as they were replaced by independent Arab parties, such as the United Arab List formed in 1977 by former members of Alignment-allied parties.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
Inflation had been an issue for the government since the start of the 1970s, and worsened after the oil crisis that followed the Yom Kippur War. To try and cope with the issue, Rabin's government had devalued the lira by around 50% during its term in office.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
Several corruption scandals also affected the government. The Yadlin affair of 1976 involved Asher Yadlin, a major fundraiser for the Labor Party (the major faction of the Alignment) and head of the Kupat Holim health-insurance program, who in September that year was about to be appointed Governor of the Bank of Israel. However, after Yadlin was detained by police, on 24 October the cabinet decided to appoint Arnon Gafni instead. In mid-December Yadlin was charged with taking bribes totalling I£280,000, as well as other offences, and was remanded in custody until his trial.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
On 14 March 1977, Yadlin pleaded guilty to some of the charges, involving bribes totalling I£124,000, but claimed that he had handed over I£80,000 of the money to Labor Party funds, adding that he had raised "millions" for the party. The judge did not accept his claim and sentenced him to five years' imprisonment and a fine of I£250,000.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
The Yadlin affair also brought Minister of Housing Avraham Ofer to the police's attention. In November 1976, Yigal Laviv, a correspondent of the weekly HaOlam HaZeh who had also been involved in airing the charges against Yadlin, gave the police information on 30 different matters raising suspicions of offences committed by Ofer, including allegations of embezzlement in Shikun Ovdim funds in favour of the party. The police examined Laviv's charges, but came to the conclusion toward the end of the year that they were not substantiated, leading Ofer to expect that an official statement clearing him would soon be made.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
However, Attorney General Aharon Barak decided to prosecute. On 31 December, however, a witness in the Yadlin affair sent the police a statement which raised more questions for investigation, and various rumours were published about possible charges. On 2 January, Rabin and Justice Minister Haim Yosef Zadok assured Ofer that everything possible would be done to expedite the inquiry. On 3 January 1977 his body was found in his car on a Tel Aviv beach. In a suicide note Ofer said he was innocent, but did not have the strength "to bear any more." He was reported to have been particularly depressed by the lack of support from his political associates.


1977 Israeli legislative election, History
Towards the end of 1976, Rabin's coalition with the National Religious Party suffered a crisis: a motion of no confidence had been brought by Agudat Yisrael over a breach of the Sabbath on an Israeli Air Force base, when four F-15 jets were delivered from the US, and the NRP had abstained from the vote. Rabin dissolved his government on 22 December 1976 and decided on new elections, which were to be held in May 1977.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Parliament factions
The table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 8th Knesset.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Party preparations, Alignment
Internal elections were held in the Labor Party on 23 February 1977, in which Rabin beat Peres by 1,445 votes to 1,404. However, on 15 March Haaretz reported that Rabin and his wife, Leah, held a US Dollar bank account, then illegal under Israeli law. Although Leah claimed responsibility, the Dollar Account affair, as it became known, resulted in Rabin's resignation from head of the Alignment list on 8 April, and his replacement as head of the Alignment list by Peres.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Party preparations, Likud
Although polls suggested that Likud may win a historic victory, party leader Menachem Begin suffered a heart attack shortly before the election, and did not participate in the campaign. The Likud campaign leading up to the election had centred on Begin's personality. Demonized by the Alignment as totalitarian and extremist, his self-portrayal as a humble and pious leader struck a chord with many who felt abandoned by the ruling party's ideology, particularly the predominantly Mizrahi working class living in urban neighbourhoods and peripheral towns.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Party preparations, Dash
On 2 November 1976, former Chief of Staff Yigael Yadin announced the formation of a new party to be called Democrats - Change, later renamed the Democratic Movement for Change, known by its Hebrew acronym, Dash. It consisted of several liberal movements (including Shinui), together with numerous public figures, including Amnon Rubinstein, Shmuel Tamir, Meir Amit, Meir Zorea and several other business leaders and academics, as well as some Israeli Arabs.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Party preparations, Dash
Within a few weeks the party had 37,000 members, and it became the first party to hold primary elections to choose its Knesset list.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Party preparations, New parties
The Left Camp of Israel was formed before the elections by the merger of Meri, Moked, the Independent Socialist Faction and some members of the Black Panthers. The United Arab List had been formed by former members of the Alignment-allied Arab parties.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Party preparations, New parties
Businessman Shmuel Flatto-Sharon formed his own list (named after himself). Barely speaking Hebrew, Flatto-Sharon was hoping to be elected to the Knesset to avoid extradition to France, where he had been charged with embezzling $60 million. The list ran on right-wing populism (he was a supporter of the Gush Emunim settlement movement) and promises to provide apartments to young voters. Ultimately the list won enough votes for two seats, but only took one. Ariel Sharon, who had left Likud in 1975 to serve as an advisor to Rabin, formed a new party Shlomtzion, whilst Marcia Freedman, formerly a Ratz MK had formed the Women's Party.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Results
The Flatto-Sharon list won enough votes for two seats, but was a one-man party.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
Likud's Menachem Begin formed the country's eighteenth government on 20 June 1977; the coalition initially included the National Religious Party, Agudat Yisrael and Shlomtzion, which soon merged into Likud. This ended the historic alliance between religious parties and the previously dominant left-wing bloc, and initiated a period of alliance between religious parties and the right-wing bloc (later known as National camp). The cabinet also included Moshe Dayan, formerly of the Alignment, as Foreign Minister; this resulted in Dayan's expulsion from the Labor party and he formed the short-lived Telem party.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
Begin kept four ministerial portfolios empty (Communications, Justice, Labour and Social Welfare and Transportation), hoping to persuade Dash to join the government. This was achieved on 24 October, with Yadin being appointed Deputy Prime Minister. However, the coalition commanded a majority without the votes of Dash members, and the party collapsed after less than a year, splitting into three factions on 14 September 1978; seven MKs founded Shinui, seven founded the Democratic Movement and Assaf Yaguri founded Ya'ad.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
The Democratic Movement later split up when three MKs founded Ahva and Yigael Yadin, Binyamin Halevi, Mordechai Elgrably and Shmuel Tamir left to sit as independents, while Zeidan Atashi and David Golomb defected from Shinui to the Alignment. Two Ahva MKs later left the faction; Shafik Assad to join Telem and Akiva Nof to join Likud.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
The Camp David Accords and the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty which resulted in an Israeli withdrawal from Sinai led to Tehiya and One Israel breaking away from Likud. Begin relied on opposition votes to pass the treaty in the Knesset as several party members, including future Prime Ministers Ariel Sharon and Yitzhak Shamir objected to it and abstained from voting. Three Likud MKs broke away to form Rafi – National List; one later returned, while the other two joined Moshe Dayan's new Telem party. Other defections included Saadia Marciano leaving the Left Camp of Israel and formed the Unity Party with independent MK, Mordechai Elgrably and Yosef Tamir defecting from Likud to Shinui, before sitting as an independent.


1977 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath
During the Knesset term, United Arab List MK Hamad Abu Rabia was assassinated by the sons of party rival Jabr Moade after Abu Rabia allegedly refused to give up his seat as had been decided in a rotation agreement. Despite his sons' actions, Moade replaced Abu Rabia in the Knesset.


1977 Italian Athletics Championships
The 1977 Italian Athletics Championships was the 67th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Rome (track & field events).


1977 Italian Grand Prix
The 1977 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on September 11, 1977.


1977 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Report
The fact that it was Ferrari's home race did not deter James Hunt who took pole, whereas Carlos Reutemann cheered the home fans by starting second in front of Jody Scheckter. Scheckter took the lead after a brilliant start, and in second place was Clay Regazzoni's Ensign who got an even better one. Regazzoni however did not have the pace and soon dropped down the order, whereas Mario Andretti was on the move, passing Hunt on the second lap, and Scheckter a few laps later to take the lead.


1977 Italian Grand Prix, Race, Report
Hunt dropped back with brake troubles as the race progressed, and Scheckter retired when his engine failed, leaving Reutemann and Niki Lauda in second and third. Lauda was soon past Reutemann, and the latter had to retire when he spun off on oil on the track left by the car of debutant Bruno Giacomelli, handing third to Alan Jones. The race finished in that order; with Andretti taking a dominant victory from Lauda, who closed in on the championship, and Jones who took his second podium in three races. By finishing 2nd, Ferrari won the Constructor's Championship with three races left.


1977 Italian Open (tennis)
The 1977 Italian Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that was played by men on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The men's tournament was part of the Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit while the women's tournament was part of the Colgate Series. The tournament was held from 16 May through 22 May 1977. The singles titles were won by eight-seeded Vitas Gerulaitis and fifth-seeded Janet Newberry who earned $21,000 and $6,000 first-prize money respectively. Gerulaitis competed despite being contracted to play for the Indiana Loves World Team Tennis (WTT) franchise and was fined $19,000 for failing to play Björn Borg in the weekend of the final.


1977 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Brian Gottfried /  Raúl Ramírez defeated  Fred McNair /  Sherwood Stewart 6–7, 7–6, 7–5


1977 Italian Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Brigitte Cuypers /  Marise Kruger defeated  Bunny Bruning /  Sharon Walsh 3–6, 7–5, 6–2


1977 Italian Open – Men's Singles
The Men’s Singles tournament (the Rome Masters) of the 1977 Italian Open tennis championships took place in Rome between 16 May and 1 July 1977. 64 players from 19 countries competed in the 6-round tournament. The final winner was Vitas Gerulaitis of the USA, who defeated Antonio Zugarelli of Italy. The defending champion from 1976, Adriano Panatta of Italy, was eliminated in the quarter-finals by Gerulaitis.


1977 JSL Cup
The 1977 JSL Cup was contested by 20 teams, and Furukawa Electric won the championship.


1977 JSL Cup Final
1977 JSL Cup Final was the 2nd final of the JSL Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on May 25, 1977. Furukawa Electric won the championship.


1977 JSL Cup Final, Overview
Furukawa Electric won their 1st title, by defeating Yanmar Diesel 4–0.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held over June 1977, which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state. Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as the Chief Minister.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Background
After reaching the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord, Sheikh Abdullah was elected as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir by the ruling Indian National Congress party in the state legislature (which had in fact been the original National Conference founded by Abdullah in 1930s but merged into Congress before the 1967 elections). Abdullah remained in power during the National Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi in 1975. After the Emergency was lifted, the Janata Party came to power in the Centre in the 1977 general election.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Background
Elections were called for the state Legislative Assembly in June 1977. Sheikh Abdullah now revived the National Conference from the erstwhile Plebiscite Front. The National Conference and Congress met head-on as equals, the first time such an electoral contest occurred since the State's Accession in 1947. The Prime Minister Morarji Desai (of the Janata Party) took steps to strengthen security in the state and declared that any rigging would be severely punished. This had a 'salutary effect' in the political atmosphere in the state witnessing its first 'free and fair' election.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Background
The revival of the National Conference was greeted with great enthusiasm in the Kashmir Valley. In the words of Kashmiri, "the entire valley was red with N. C. flags. Every house and every market stood decorated with bunting."


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Results
The National Conference won the majority in the Assembly with 47 of the 76 seats. Whereas it won 40 of the 42 seats in the Kashmir Valley, it was able to win only 7 seats out of 32 in the Jammu province.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Results
The Indian National Congress (former National Conference, which had been in power since the State's accession) was reduced to third place, winning 11 seats in Jammu and none in the Valley.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Results
The Janata Party (which had incorporated the former Jammu Praja Parishad) won 13 seats, its best performance so far. In addition to 11 seats in Jammu, it won 2 seats in the Valley for the first time.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Results
Also significant is the fact that Jamaat-e-Islami won only one seat, down from 5 seats in the previous Assembly.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Government formation
Sheikh Abdullah was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the State following the election. Mirza Mohammad Afzal Beg was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir .


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Government formation
By the end of the 1970s, the seventy-year-old Sheikh Abdullah anointed his son Farooq Abdullah as his successor. Following Sheikh's death in 1982, Farooq Abdullah was appointed as the Chief Minister. The National Conference government completed a full five-year term.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Government formation
Before his death, Sheikh Abdullah initiated a controversial 'Grant of Permit for Resettlement' bill in the State's Legislative Assembly. As per the bill, any state subject of Jammu and Kashmir before 14 May 1954 or any of his descendants could apply for resettlement in the State provided they swore allegiance to both the Indian Constitution and the Constitution of the State. The bill was passed by the Legislative Assembly after Sheikh's death, but it aroused fears among the Hindus of Jammu that Pakistani sympathizers and agents could cross into the State and create tensions. The Central government forced Farooq Abdullah to refer the bill to the Supreme Court of India where it has been put into cold storage.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Commentary
All the elections held in Jammu and Kashmir before 1977 were plagued with corrupt electoral practices. The elections of 1977 represented a 'democratic breakthrough', according to scholar Steve Widmalm. Politician Bhim Singh stated, 'Morarji Desai openly declared that anyone who would attempt to pursue some form of rigging would be severely punished, and this was quite effective'. The Congress party in the Central Government has therefore been regarded as an obstacle to the State's democratic functioning. The party regarded Jammu and Kashmir to be a sensitive border state, which was not 'ready for democracy'.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Commentary
Building Indian nationalism was considered far more important. Activist Balraj Puri has disagreed with the sentiment. In his view, democratic functioning was indeed a prerequisite to integration and national unity. As a result of the democratization process, he has asserted that there were ten years of peace with 'no fundamentalism, no secessionism, and no communalism'. JKLF's Amanullah Khan has also endorsed the assessment. The observers he sent to the Kashmir Valley during the early 1980s reported that the situation was not conducive to inciting a rebellion.


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Commentary
Journalist Tavleen Singh who covered the subsequent Assembly election in 1983 asked people wherever she went whether they regarded the plebiscite as an issue. ' Almost everywhere the answer was an emphatic no. People said that the past was dead and they were participating in this election as Indians,' she recounted.


1977 Japan Open Tennis Championships
The 1977 Japan Open Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts and part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix and took place in Tokyo, Japan. The tournament was held from 31 October through 6 November 1977. First-seeded Manuel Orantes won the singles title.


1977 Japan Open Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Geoff Masters /  Kim Warwick defeated  Colin Dibley /  Chris Kachel, 6–2, 7–6


1977 Japan Series
The 1977 Japan Series was the 28th edition of Nippon Professional Baseball's postseason championship series. It matched the Central League champion Yomiuri Giants against the Pacific League champion Hankyu Braves. This was a rematch of the previous year's Japan Series, which the Braves won in seven games. The Braves would again defeat the Giants, this time in five games, to capture their third consecutive championship.


1977 Japan Soccer League
Statistics of Japan Soccer League for the 1977 season. This was the inaugural season of the Regional League promotion series, which replaced the Senior Cup as the source of the clubs promoted from the regional Japanese football leagues.


1977 Japan national football team
This page records the details of the Japan national football team in 1977.


1977 Japanese Grand Prix
The 1977 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 23 October 1977 at Fuji. It was the 17th and final race of the 1977 Formula One World Championship. At the time, this was the last Japanese Grand Prix due to traveling and financial issues, and safety concerns with the Fuji circuit, it was also the last Japanese Grand Prix to be held at Fuji Speedway until 2007. The race would return in 1987, held at the better spectated and safer Suzuka Circuit.


1977 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
Mario Andretti and James Hunt continued their late-season battle, with the American pipping Hunt to the pole, with John Watson heading the second row. Hunt took the lead at the start, and Jody Scheckter and Jochen Mass jumped up to second and third, whereas Andretti had a terrible start and was at the tail of the top ten. On the second lap, Andretti was involved in a collision while trying to gain places, putting him out with Binder and Takahara.


1977 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
With Andretti out, Hunt had no challengers left and he built a large gap, with teammate Mass second and Watson passing Scheckter for third. However, both Mass and Watson had to retire within one lap of each other with engine and gearbox failures, and with Scheckter dropping back, Carlos Reutemann was second until he was passed by Jacques Laffite. Hunt went on and capped off the season with a comfortable win, whereas Laffite ran of fuel on the last lap, handing over second to Reutemann and allowing Patrick Depailler to complete the podium.


1977 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
A marshal and photographer were killed by debris following a collision involving Gilles Villeneuve's Ferrari and Ronnie Peterson's Tyrrell P34 on lap six. They had both been standing in a prohibited area of the track when the accident occurred. The marshal was trying to clear spectators away from the area.


1977 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
After the race concluded, both Hunt and Reutemann left the circuit immediately to catch a flight home, leaving Depailler and his engineer on the podium. Rules changed shortly thereafter making the podium celebration mandatory.


1977 Japanese Grand Prix, Report
March's driver Ian Scheckter was expelled from Japan due to only having a tourist visa passport (unlike his brother Jody Scheckter, who had a working visa) and Japanese objections to the South African apartheid regime.


1977 Japanese House of Councillors election
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan in 1977. Only half of the House of Councillors was up for election.


1977 Japanese House of Councillors election
The main question of this election was whether or not the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) would be able to retain its hold on an absolute majority of the seats in the House of Councillors, something it has maintained since the party's founding in 1955. Early forecasts had speculated that this dramatic downturn for the LDP may have been possible, but in the end the LDP kept its razor-thin hold on majority control by having four LDP-allied independents cooperate with it.


1977 Japanese House of Councillors election
As per usual for the time, the LDP did very well in the sparsely-populated single member districts and even managed to hold its own not only in the two-member districts, but even in the more heavily urbanised three- and four-member districts which were projected to be tough wins for the LDP.


1977 Japanese House of Councillors election
The LDP's clearest struggling was in the national district, where its popular vote declined by 8.5% when compared to the previous House of Councillors election. In any event, the pessemistic forecasts of the election results ended up influencing the LDP's approach in fielding relatively few candidates, and members of the party believed that if they disregarded the polls and fielded more candidates, they could have won a larger share of the seats in this election.


1977 Japanese House of Councillors election
Meanwhile, the Japan Socialist Party also saw a loss in seats (partly due to vote splitting caused by former member Saburō Eda's SCL splinter party siphoning away votes from the JSP. The Japanese Communist Party also saw a decline in fortunes, with Kōmeitō and the Democratic Socialist Party showing the most promise among well-established opposition parties.


1977 Japanese Super Cup
1977 Japanese Super Cup was the inaugural Japanese Super Cup competition. The match was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on April 10, 1977. Furukawa Electric, who qualified as the 1976 Japan Soccer League champions, won the title against Yanmar Diesel. Yanmar qualified as 1976 Emperor's Cup runners-up, lost to Furukawa in the final.


1977 John Player League
The 1977 John Player League was the ninth competing of what was generally known as the Sunday League. The competition was won for the second time by Leicestershire County Cricket Club.


1977 KFK competitions (Ukraine)
The 1977 KFK competitions in Ukraine were part of the 1977 Soviet KFK competitions that were conducted in the Soviet Union. It was 13th season of the KFK in Ukraine since its introduction in 1964.


1977 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 1977 Kansas City Chiefs season was the franchise's 8th season in the National Football League, the 15th as the Kansas City Chiefs, and the 18th overall. This season was the worst in franchise history until the 2008 season, with the Chiefs winning only two of fourteen games. After an 0–5 start, Head coach Paul Wiggin was fired following a 44–7 loss to Cleveland in Week 7. Tom Bettis took over as interim head coach for the rest of the season. The team endured a six-game losing streak to conclude the season at 2–12.


1977 Kansas City Chiefs season, Season summary
An 0–5 start doomed the squad with a 44–7 loss at Cleveland (10/30) effectively sealing Wiggin's fate. Despite the club's record Wiggin was still a popular figure in Kansas City, but was nonetheless relieved of his duties on Halloween, marking the first in-season coaching switch in team history, and the last until 2011, when Todd Haley was fired with three games remaining. Wiggin concluded his tenure with an 11–24 record.


1977 Kansas City Chiefs season, Season summary
Defensive backs coach Tom Bettis was named interim coach and claimed a 20–10 victory vs. Green Bay (11/6) in the franchise's initial contest under his direction, but it was the only victory of his brief head coaching tenure. The team endured a six-game losing streak to conclude the season at 2–12. (Ironically, Haley's successor, Romeo Crennel, also won his first game in charge against the Packers at home; Green Bay entered that game 13–0.)


1977 Kansas City Chiefs season, Season summary
Bettis and the remainder of the coaching staff assembled by Wiggin were released on December 19, one day after a 21–20 loss at Oakland (12/18) in the regular season finale. Marv Levy, the former head coach of the CFL's Montreal Alouettes, was named the fourth head coach in franchise history on December 20.


1977 Kansas City Chiefs season, Season summary
The heart and soul of the Chiefs once-vaunted defense departed when roommates Willie Lanier and Jim Lynch, who both joined the club together as second-round draft picks in 1967, retired following the 1977 campaign. Baltimore later acquired Lanier's rights in a trade, but failed to lure him out of retirement.


1977 Kansas City Chiefs season, Season summary
By managing to win only twice in the 1977 season, the team was given the second pick in the 1978 NFL Draft.


1977 Kansas City Royals season
The 1977 Kansas City Royals season was their ninth in Major League Baseball. The Royals' franchise-best 102-60 record led the majors and Kansas City won its second consecutive American League West title. Once again the Royals lost to the New York Yankees in the postseason, falling 3-2 in the 1977 American League Championship Series. Hal McRae led the American League in doubles with 54. Al Cowens set a franchise single-season record with 112 runs batted in.


1977 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Kansas City Royals season, Other events
Before they were to play a game on June 12th against the Milwaukee Brewers at Milwaukee County Stadium, thieves stole gloves and uniforms belonging to Royals players. Due to this, all but seven Kansas City Royals players had to wear Milwaukee road uniforms for the game played that day.


1977 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1977 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Eight Conference during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their third season under head coach Bud Moore, the Jayhawks compiled a 3–7–1 record (2–4–1 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 269 to 131. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.


1977 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The team's statistical leaders included Brian Bethke with 384 passing yards, Norris Banks with 655 rushing yards, and David Verser with 220 receiving yards. Tom Fitch, Tom Dinkel, and John Masacarello were the team captains.


1977 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1977 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The team's head football coach was Ellis Rainsberger. 1977 would turn out to be the last season with Rainsberger at the helm, as he was replaced with Jim Dickey in 1978. The Wildcats played their home games in KSU Stadium. 1977 saw the Wildcats finish with a record of 2–9, and a dismal 0–7 record in Big Eight Conference play.


1977 Kansas State Wildcats football team, Schedule
^ Mississippi State was forced to forfeit the game. The score of the game was 24–21, in favor of Mississippi State.


1977 Kelantan Emergency
The 1977 Kelantan Emergency took place in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. The state of emergency was declared by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Yahya Petra who also Sultan of Kelantan at the time on 8 November 1977 upon the request of the federal government following a political impasse and street violence in Kelantan. This was the fifth and last declaration of emergency in Malaya and Malaysia (until 2021) after the 1948-1960 Malayan Emergency, 1962 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis and the 1969 13 May Incident.


1977 Kelantan Emergency, Events leading up to the declaration of emergency
The Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Kelantan in  1977 was Mohamed Nasir of Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). At that time and since 1972, PAS was part of the Alliance Party and subsequently Barisan Nasional (BN) (after 1974), which is the federal government-ruling coalition party. In 1977, Mohamad Nasir was experiencing dissatisfaction within PAS and was accused of defying party instructions. A no-confidence motion was tabled in the state assembly wherein 20 PAS assemblymen supported the motion while the other BN's 13 United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and 1 Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) assemblymen walked out in protest. Mohamad Nasir refused to resign. He then requested the Regent of Kelantan (as head of state) to dissolve the state assembly to make way for an election but it was refused. Supporters of Mohamad Nasir then demonstrated in the streets resulting in violence and looting.


1977 Kelantan Emergency, Declaration of emergency and aftermath
On 8 November 1977 the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, then also the Sultan of Kelantan, declared a state of emergency in the state of Kelantan. The Emergency Powers (Kelantan) Act 1977 was passed by Parliament the next day giving the federal government implied power to govern the state. Although being part of Barisan Nasional coalition, 12 out of 14 of PAS members of Parliament had opposed the passing of the Act. Consequently, PAS was expelled from the BN coalition.


1977 Kelantan Emergency, Declaration of emergency and aftermath
During the emergency, Mohamad Nasir retained the post of Mentri Besar but with limited powers as the ultimate executive power was vested in the Director of the State Government of Kelantan which was appointed by the Prime Minister under the Emergency Powers (Kelantan) Act 1977. Hashim Aman was appointed the interim position during the period of emergency.


1977 Kelantan Emergency, Declaration of emergency and aftermath
In March 1978, an election was held in Kelantan, months ahead of the national election. The election was contested by PAS, UMNO and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), a new party formed by Mohamad Nasir. UMNO won the election winning 23 seats, while BERJASA won 11 and PAS with 2 seats paving way for UMNO to form government in Kelantan for the first time.


1977 Kelantan Emergency, Declaration of emergency and aftermath
After the election, BERJASA joined Barisan Nasional and Mohamad Nasir became a Senator and Minister without Portfolio in the federal government while Mohamed Yaacob of UMNO became the new Menteri Besar of Kelantan. Mohammed Yaacob retained the post until 1990 after PAS regained control of Kelantan.


1977 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The 1977 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their third and final season under head coach Dennis Fitzgerald, the Golden Flashes compiled a 6–5 record (5–4 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 241 to 200.


1977 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The team's statistical leaders included Tom Roper with 630 rushing yards, Mike Whalen with 534 passing yards, and Kim Featsent with 549 receiving yards. Five Kent State players were selected as first-team All-MAC players: wide receiver Kim Featsent, offensive tackle Tom Jesko, linebacker Jack Lazor, placekicker Paul Marchese, and defensive lineman Mike Zele.


1977 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
Dennis Fitzgerald resigned as Kent State's head coach in March 1978 to accept a position as an assistant coach at Syracuse. In three years as Kent State's head coach, he compiled an 18-16 record.


1977 Kentucky Derby
The 1977 Kentucky Derby was the 103rd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 7, 1977, with 124,038 people in attendance.


1977 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1977 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The Wildcats scored 252 points while allowing 111 points. The Wildcats finished conference play undefeated but due to NCAA probation were not eligible for a share of the SEC championship or for postseason play. The Wildcats finished the season ranked #6 in the final AP Poll.


1977 Kentucky Wildcats football team, Regular season
Kentucky's 33-13 victory vs. LSU was its third in four years over the Bayou Bengals, and the Wildcats' first at Tiger Stadium since 1949, when Bear Bryant was Kentucky's coach.


1977 Kentucky Wildcats football team, Regular season
In the Border Battle, Kentucky beat Tennessee by a score of 21–17. Entering that game, Kentucky had seven injured starters unable to play, including quarterback Derrick Ramsey, whose arm was injured so badly he could not throw the football. Tennessee jumped out to a 17–14 lead when backup quarterback Mike Deaton completed a 36-yard pass to Felix Wilson; the injured Ramsey then entered the game and led Kentucky to a touchdown. Tennessee's offense then took the ball to Kentucky's 22-yard line but Tennessee quarterback Jimmy Streater fumbled due to a hit by Kentucky All-American defensive end Art Still, and linebacker Kelly Kirchbaum recovered the ball to preserve the win.


1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
Elections were held on 19 March 1977 to elect members to the fifth Niyamasabha. The United Front, led by INC and CPI won plurality of seats and remained in power, with K. Karunakaran as the Chief Minister.


1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, History
Fourth Kerala Legislative Assembly, which was elected in 1970, completed its term by 1975, but it was extended on three occasions during the Emergency. Election of 1977 was the general election after the withdrawal of Emergency imposed on 26 June 1975.


1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, History
This is the first election the 1974 delimitation of Assembly Constituencies was put to effect, which increased number of seat in the assembly from 133 to 140


1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Results, Formation of  Ministry
On 25 March, K. Karunakaran of Congress sworn as Chief Minister. However, Karunakaran had to resign within a month over the controversial death of Left-leaning engineering student Rajan, who was tortured during the Emergency when he was the Home Minister. Then 15 member ministry under the leadership of A.K. Antony assumed office on 27 April 1977.


1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Results, Formation of  Ministry
K. Karunakaran's ministry holds the record for ministry which served the shortest term


1977 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1977 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 83rd staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1977 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
Fenians won the championship after a 3-11 to 1-10 defeat of Rower-Inistioge in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons. It remains their last championship triumph.


1977 King Cup
The 1977 King Cup was the 19th season of the knockout competition since its establishment in 1956. Al-Nassr were the defending champions; however, they were eliminated in the semi-finals by Al-Hilal. The final saw Al-Ahli beat Al-Hilal 3–1, with Al-Ahli scoring all three goals in the final fifteen minutes. Al-Ahli won their seventh title and first since 1973.


1977 King Cup, Round of 32
The matches of the Round of 32 were held on 5 and 6 May 1977.


1977 King Cup, Round of 16
The Round of 16 matches were held on 9 and 10 May 1977.


1977 King Cup, Quarter-finals
The Quarter-final matches were held on 12 and 13 May 1977.


1977 King Cup, Semi-finals
The four winners of the quarter-finals progressed to the semi-finals. The semi-finals were played on 16 May 1977. All times are local, AST (UTC+3).


1977 King Cup, Final
The final was played between Al-Ahli and Al-Hilal in the Youth Welfare Stadium in Riyadh. This was Al-Ahli's 9th final. Previously Al-Ahli won six times in 1962, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1971, and 1973 and lost in 1974 and 1976. This was Al-Hilal's 5th final. Previously Al-Hilal won twice in 1961 and 1964 and lost in 1963 and 1968. This was the first meeting between these two sides in the final.


1977 King's Cup
The 1977 King's Cup finals were held from October 28 to November 12, 1977, once again in Bangkok. This was the 10th edition of the international football competition.


1977 King's Cup
The tournaments schedule was changed from previous edition and back to a one group round robin phase previously seen in 1972 and 1975. The winners and runners up entered a final.


1977 Krugersdorp bank robbery
On the  weekend of 30 April 1977 – 1 May 1977 a bank robbery took place at the Standard Bank in Krugersdorp, South Africa. The robbers gained access to the bank vault by digging a tunnel underneath the building. Over R 400,000 (equivalent to over R 13.5 million in 2018) was stolen in the robbery. To this day, the case remains unsolved and no arrests were made.


1977 Krugersdorp bank robbery, Modus Operandi
The empty shop from which the tunnel started was rented by Mr Nightingale. Nightingale’s reason for renting the shop was to utilise it as a photo studio. Investigation afterwards showed that it was a false name, and so was the residential address provided to the owner of the shop. The address was an address in Linden Johannesburg but the person staying there was cleared by the police as not involved. The windows of the shop were covered with newspaper.


1977 Krugersdorp bank robbery, The robbery
The tunnel’s length was 35 metres (115 ft) and passed 4 shops. The shop was across the street from the bank. The bank was Standard bank. The soil taken out of the tunnel was emptied into 200 kg (440 lb) bags. They installed wooden poles to stabilise the tunnel. Inside the bank they made a hole in the brick wall and opened the safe using an oxyacetylene torch. Evidence was found that they prepared food while inside the safe. Compressors were being used by a shop close by and the bank turned off its trembler alarms for that reason. The robbers played music during the weekend. The robbery was only discovered on Monday 2 May 1977 when the bank opened.


1977 Krugersdorp bank robbery, Stolen goods
The robbers took, cash, travellers’ cheques and jewellery in safety deposit boxes. The Saturday Star newspaper, in a 2013 retrospective article, stated that it was believed that the robbery actually netted approximately R 1 million (equivalent to R 34 million in 2018).