1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Fire progression
Upon arrival, firefighters found the entire building filled with smoke with the heaviest on the lower floors. It was difficult to pinpoint the source of the fire due to the smoke and difficulty in getting into the cable vault. Windows were constructed with wire mesh glass and further shielded with plastic or metal screens to protect switching equipment. Dust shields of steel and wired glass presented obstacles. The fire had spread to the first floor through a narrow slot that passed cable up to the distribution frame. The fire then progressed vertically through cable chases. Firefighters attempted to spray foam into the cable vault only to have the foam drain down into a sub-basement. The incident escalated to five alarms.


1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Fire progression
Fumes from the burning cables awakened and sickened residents on East 13th Street. Some dressed hastily and left their apartments to get further away from the fire. The nearby New York Eye and Ear Infirmary sent patients home or transferred them to other hospitals. Smoke poured from a fissure in the building and an adjacent structure was evacuated in fear that the telephone building might collapse. The fire was at first declared under control at 3:40 pm, but shortly after that flared up again. It was officially declared under control at 4:46 p.m. The fire burned for over 19 hours before being completely extinguished.


1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Disruption and restoration of telephone service
The fire had destroyed 488 vault cables and all equipment on the first and second floors. Smoke and corrosion damaged switching equipment all the way up to the top floor. The fire cut off telephone service to a 300 block area of Manhattan that included three hospitals, three police stations, two universities and the main headquarters of ConEdison.


1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Disruption and restoration of telephone service
The response to the emergency was quick with New York Telephone, parent company AT&T, research division Bell Laboratories and the equipment manufacturing arm Western Electric coordinating the restoration effort. Radio telephones and coin telephone trailers were brought in from three states and positioned throughout the affected area. A recently retired panel switch at the West 18th Street exchange was reactivated. A main distribution frame normally took six months to manufacture and install but one ready for shipment to another office was located at Western Electric and diverted to New York. Remarkably, it only took them four days to install. Damaged switching equipment contacts were manually cleaned and millions of individual wires hand spliced. Five thousand employees collaborated to restore service. Twenty-three days later service was restored entirely. AT&T commissioned a documentary filmmaker to record the recovery work which was released under the title Miracle on Second Avenue.


1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Health risks
No firefighters were killed at the telephone building site during the fire, but many later developed cancer attributed to the chemical toxins that were released during the fire. The burning toxins from the PVC insulated wiring that burned has shown heightened risks of cancer years after exposure. Approximately forty cases of cancer can be linked back to the fire. Dr. Steven Lin, a doctor at the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, investigated the relationship between the toxins and the cancers developed by firefighters. He concluded that polyvinyl chloride, a chemical present during the fire, leads to various types of cancer. However, these cancers are developed twenty years after exposure.


1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Health risks
During the fire, the Fire Department of New York did not document the medical records of the firefighters, making it nearly impossible to track their health progress. Instead, they put a red stamp on the firefighters' documents that said "Telephone Exchange Fire" to simply show they were there. In 1997, The Fire Department interviewed two hundred and thirty-nine firefighters involved in the fire and found eighteen had died. Seven of these eighteen deaths were from cancer and six of those deaths were from first responders. The average age of those deaths was fifty. By the 1990s the City of New York considered cancer in firefighters to be job-related and compensated by paying then a 75% pension rather than the standard 50% pension. However, if the cancer was diagnosed after retirement, there was no additional compensation.


1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Impact on fire and building regulations
The fire originated from sparks in equipment in the basement cable vault igniting the plastic insulation of nearby cables that ran to all of the floors above. The combination of the flammable insulation and the method of penetrating each floor allowed the fire to spread rapidly, and emit toxic fumes that are alleged to have caused later deaths of over a dozen firefighters. Chief of Department James Leonard, whose father worked as a switch operator, said “I’ve never seen smoke like that, conditions were brutal. It tested the skills, training and ability of all members responding that day.”


1975 New York Telephone exchange fire, Impact on fire and building regulations
The resulting fire safety regulations include various codes that relate to plenum cable:


1975 New York Yankees season
The 1975 New York Yankees season was the 73rd season for the Yankees in New York, and the franchise's 75th season overall. The team finished with a record of 83–77, finishing 12 games behind the Boston Red Sox. The Yankees played at Shea Stadium due to the ongoing renovation of Yankee Stadium, which re-opened in 1976.


1975 New York Yankees season
Bill Virdon opened the season as Yankees manager, but he was replaced on August 1st by Billy Martin. This would be the first of five stints as Yankees manager for Martin.


1975 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 New Zealand Grand Prix
The 1975 New Zealand Grand Prix was a race held at the Pukekohe Park Raceway on 12 January 1975. The race had 20 starters.


1975 New Zealand Grand Prix
It was the 21st New Zealand Grand Prix, and doubled as the second round of the 1975 Tasman Series. Australian Warwick Brown won his first NZGP in his Lola T332 with a dominant performance where he lapped the entire field in the 58-lap race. The rest of the podium was completed by New Zealanders Jim Murdoch and Graeme Lawrence.


1975 New Zealand National Soccer League
The 1975 New Zealand National Soccer League was the sixth season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football.


1975 New Zealand National Soccer League, Promotion and relegation
Wellington Diamond United finished last in the 1974 league and so contested a round-robin home and away play-off series with the winners of the northern, central, and southern leagues (Eden, Porirua United, and Caversham respectively). Caversham dominated the series and returned to the league after a gap of just one season. With only one loss in the first five games (to Porirua), Caversham had an unassailable three point lead after the first five rounds; the last round of matches was not played as it would have made no difference to the outcome.


1975 New Zealand National Soccer League, Team performance
Christchurch United won by three clear points to gain their second title. Competition was close, however, especially in the middle of the table, with only one point separating fourth from seventh. North Shore United, in their second season in the league, did very well, holding the lead for several weeks and finishing second. Shore led the league for several weeks, and were never out of the top three all season. Blockhouse Bay recovered from a start which saw them lying ninth after eight games, but there were no losses in the last ten matches and the Bay steadily climbed the table to third.


1975 New Zealand National Soccer League, Team performance
Caversham, on their return to the league, managed to surprise by finishing fourth despite only winning four games — under the old system of two points for a win (which was used until the start of the 1983 league), they managed to survive on the strength of the large number of tied matches. Behind them came Mount Wellington, an unusual mid-table position for the perennial title-challengers. Despite having eleven current or former internationals in their squad, it was their inability to find the net on a regular basis which led to their lowly placing. Stop Out suffered a poor late-season slump which saw them slip from second to sixth over the last month of the competition.


1975 New Zealand National Soccer League, Team performance
Eastern Suburbs finished the season in a similar position to their 1974 position, as did Gisborne City: low but safe from relegation. Gisborne started the year well and were third halfway through the season, but four points from their last ten games sent them plummeting down the table. After 1974's heroics New Brighton returned to their familiar position on the brink of relegation, but again managed to hold on to their league status. They were rock bottom for most of the season, but managed to clinch a win in their final match to survive and consign Wellington City to the drop. City finally succumbed after six mediocre seasons, failing to avoid the drop they had narrowly averted in 1971.


1975 New Zealand Open
The 1975 New Zealand Open, also known as Benson and Hedges Open for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's tennis tournament held in Auckland, New Zealand. It was an independent event, i.e. not part of the 1975 Grand Prix or 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit. The tournament was played on outdoor grass courts and was held from 6 January through 12 January 1975. First-seeded Onny Parun won the singles title.


1975 New Zealand Open, Finals, Singles
Onny Parun defeated  Brian Fairlie 4–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–4


1975 New Zealand Open, Finals, Doubles
Bob Carmichael /  Ray Ruffels defeated  Brian Fairlie /  Onny Parun 7–6, RET


1975 New Zealand Open – Singles
Björn Borg was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1975 New Zealand Open – Singles
Onny Parun won in the final 4–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–4 against Brian Fairlie.


1975 New Zealand Open – Singles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1975 New Zealand bravery awards
The 1975 New Zealand bravery awards were announced via a Special Honours List dated 27 June 1975, and recognised three people for acts of bravery earlier that year.


1975 New Zealand bravery awards, George Medal (GM)
On 2 January 1975 Robert Donald Spary was asked by the Police to give assistance to a party of climbers in the Olivine Mountain Range to the northwest of Queenstown. The party had radioed that one of their members had fallen some 40 feet down the Olivine Falls into the Olivine River and was lying badly injured on a rock ledge. Because of the rugged terrain, assistance was required to move him from the area for hospital treatment. There was no suitable area for winged aircraft or a helicopter to land and to have moved the injured climber to a landing site would have


1975 New Zealand bravery awards, George Medal (GM)
taken two days on foot. Mr Spary, with a doctor, flew into the area to ascertain the nature of the injuries and how best to move the injured man. On arrival it was found difficult to get to him and it was decided to lift two climbers from Pyke Hut and place them on a large flat rock at the base of the Falls near where the injured man lay, with a view to moving him to the rock for a pick up.


1975 New Zealand bravery awards, George Medal (GM)
However, the two climbers were unable to get to the injured man and were returned to Pyke Hut. With the weather closing in and little prospect of completing the rescue by other means, Mr Spary then decided he would attempt to land on the rock ledge where the injured man lay. He did this by placing one skid of the helicopter on the ledge, balancing the machine under a wall of water from the Falls, and with the rotor blades almost touching a sheer rock face. While in this precarious and extremely dangerous position, the injured man managed to crawl into the helicopter and was taken to hospital. Another member of the party with a badly sprained ankle was also lifted out of the area at the same time.


1975 New Zealand bravery awards, George Medal (GM)
The whole rescue operation took two and a half hours and was carried out in extremely hazardous and demanding conditions. It owed its success almost entirely to the great courage, dedication, and outstanding flying skill of Mr Spary.


1975 New Zealand bravery awards, Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct
For rescuing two injured youths from a motor vehicle which had run off the road and burst into flames. Had it not been for his quick action, there is every likelihood that both occupants would have died. In the course of the rescue he received superficial burns to his hands and face.


1975 New Zealand bravery awards, Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air
For services rendered in the fighting of a large bush fire at Piha on 6 and 7 February 1975. It was largely due to his outstanding skill as a helicopter pilot and unremitting efforts with a monsoon bucket that the fire was contained and many houses and baches in the area saved from destruction.


1975 New Zealand general election
The 1975 New Zealand general election was held on 29 November to elect MPs to the 38th session of the New Zealand Parliament. It was the first general election in New Zealand where 18- to 20-year-olds and all permanent residents of New Zealand were eligible to vote, although only citizens were able to be elected.


1975 New Zealand general election, Background
The incumbent Labour Party, following the sudden death of Labour leader Norman Kirk, was led by Bill Rowling, a leader who was characterised as being weak and ineffectual by some political commentators. Labour's central campaign was the so-called "Citizens for Rowling" petition which attacked National leader Robert Muldoon's forthright leadership style. This campaign was largely seen as having backfired on Labour.


1975 New Zealand general election, Background
The National Party responded with the formation of "Rob's Mob". As former Minister of Finance in the previous National government, Muldoon focused on the economic impact of Labour's policies; National's campaign advertising suggested that Labour's recently introduced compulsory personal superannuation scheme would result in the government owning the New Zealand economy by using the worker's money, akin to a communist state. Muldoon argued that his New Zealand superannuation scheme could be funded from future taxes rather than an additional tax on current wages.


1975 New Zealand general election, Background
In July 1974, Muldoon as opposition leader had promised to cut immigration and to "get tough" on law and order issues. He criticized the Labour government's immigration policies for contributing to the economic recession and a housing shortage which undermined the New Zealand "way of life."


1975 New Zealand general election, Background
During the 1975 general elections, the National Party had also played an electoral advertisement that was later criticized for stoking negative racial sentiments about Polynesian migrants.


1975 New Zealand general election, Background
The campaign also achieved notoriety due to an infamous television commercial featuring "Dancing Cossacks", which was produced by Hanna Barbera on behalf of National's ad agency Colenso.


1975 New Zealand general election, Background
A consummate orator and a skilled television performer, Muldoon's powerful presence on screen increased his popularity with voters.


1975 New Zealand general election, Background, MPs retiring in 1975
Four National MPs and Three Labour MPs intended to retire at the end of the 37th Parliament.


1975 New Zealand general election, Results
The final results saw National won 55 seats, and Labour 32 seats. Thus Robert Muldoon replaced Bill Rowling as Prime Minister, ending the term of the Third Labour government, and beginning the term of the Third National government. The party seat numbers were an exact opposite of the 1972 election. No minor parties won seats, though the election saw the best ever result for New Zealand's first green political party, Values. There were 1,953,050 electors on the roll, with 1,603,733 (82.11%) voting.


1975 New Zealand general election, Results
While Muldoon would be re-elected twice, this would be the only time between 1969 and 1990 that National polled more votes than Labour.


1975 New Zealand general election, Results
Notable electorate results included the election of two Māori MPs to general seats; the first time that any Māori had been elected to a non-Māori electorate since James Carroll in 1893. The MPs in question were Ben Couch in Wairarapa and Rex Austin in Awarua.


1975 New Zealand general election, Results
In Palmerston North and Western Hutt, Labour was first on election night but lost when special votes were counted.


1975 New Zealand general election, Results, Votes summary
The table below shows the results of the 1975 general election:


1975 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1975 New Zealand rugby league season was the 68th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
New Zealand participated in the World Championship, playing home and away to each nation. They lost twice to Australia, and once each to England and Wales. They defeated both France and Wales and had draws against England and France.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
The New Zealand team was coached by George Menzies and consisted of Kevin Barry, Paul Matete, Les Beehre, Mocky Brereton, Fred Ah Kuoi, John Smith, Kurt Sorensen, Bruce Dickison, Tony Gordon, Dane Sorensen, Ray Baxendale, John Greengrass, John Whittaker, Phillip Orchard, Dennis Williams, vice-captain Murray Eade, John O'Sullivan, Barrie Dyer, Warren Collicoat, Peter Gurnick, Tony Coll, captain Ken Stirling, Kevin Potter, Lyndsay Proctor, Bob Jarvis, Don Munro, Tom Conroy, Murray Wright, Josh Liavaa, John Wright, Graeme West and John Hibbs.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
Auckland defeated France on 13 June 9-3 at Carlaw Park in front of 10,000 fans. Auckland, who without their Kiwi players, were coached by Bill Sorensen and included: Warren Winter, Fred Ah Kuoi, Ken Andersson, captain Dave Sorensen, Colin Andrews, Chris Jordan, Stewart Norton, Alby Hansen, Murray Wright, Mark Graham, Graham Price and Barrie Dyer.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
Wales defeated Wellington 8-52, West Coast 5-35 and Canterbury 25-18. The Canterbury game was marred when Jim Mills felled Mark Broadhurst from behind. Wales then lost to Auckland 31-5. Auckland had their Kiwi representatives back and included: Warren Collicoat, Fred Ah Kuoi, John O'Sullivan, captain Dennis Williams, Colin Andrews, Bob Jarvis, Ken Stirling, Dane Sorensen, Tom Conroy, Alby Hansen, Mark Graham, Kurt Sorensen and Murray Eade. Bench: Dave Sorensen and Doug Taurua.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
Auckland also lost to Australia 6-17 during the season. Auckland included Collicoat, Ah Kuoi, Paul Matete, captain Williams, Bill Sorensen junior, John Smith, Shane Dowsett, Hansen, Murray Wright, Wayne Robertson, Kurt Sorensen, Peter Gurnick and Graham. Bench: Barrie Dyer and Doug Taurua.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
The New Zealand Māori side participated in the Pacific Cup. They defeated Papua New Guinea 38-13 in the final. Coached by Tom Newton, the New Zealand Māori squad included Paul Matete, John Wilson, Fred Ah Kuoi, John Smith, Rick Muru, Dane Sorensen, Dennis Key, Ian Bell and captain Richard Bolton.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
The Auckland under 21 side toured New South Wales. The team was coached by Graham Lowe and included Owen Wright and Glenn Taylor.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions
Ken Stirling won the New Zealand Rugby League's player of the year award.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Rugby League Cup
Canterbury toured with the Rugby League Cup, defeating Wellington at the Addington Showgrounds 28-13 before losing to Taranaki 43-13 in New Plymouth. The Wellington match was originally scheduled to be played in Wellington but was transferred due to television demands.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Rugby League Cup
Waikato held the Rugby League Cup at the end of the season.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition
Canterbury won the Rothmans trophy. Canterbury defeated Auckland 15-14 to win the trophy at Carlaw Park. The victory was Canterbury's first at the venue. Canterbury had earlier defeated Wellington, Waikato and narrowly defeated the West Coast at Wingham Park. The West Coast had earlier defeated Auckland 20-17.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, Australasian competition
Auckland drew with the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles 14-all in Round one of the Amco Cup, advancing on penalty count back. They then defeated Newcastle 26-16 before losing 23-10 to the Eastern Suburbs Roosters in the Semi finals of the competition.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Otahuhu won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy, Rukutai Shield, Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield. They defeated Northcote 22-8 in the Fox Memorial grand final. Northcote won the Kiwi Shield, Mangere East won the Sharman Cup while Pt Chevalier won the Norton Cup.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Shane Dowsett (Otahuhu) won the Lipscombe Cup, Dane Sorensen (Mt Wellington) won the Rothville Trophy, Tom Conroy (Ponsonby) and Fred Ah Kuoi (Richmond) won the Bert Humphries Memorial medals, Mark Graham (Otahuhu) won the Tetley Trophy, John Wilson (Northcote) won the Painter Rosebowl Trophy and Joe Gwynne (Otahuhu) won the Hyland Memorial Cup.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
The Maritime club "burst onto the scene" in 1975, signing Roger Bailey, Rick Carey, Kevin Potter, Tony Gordon and former All Black Graham Whiting.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland
Mount Wellington included Kurt Sorensen while Wayne Redmond played for Glenora. Warren Collicoat played for Mount Albert. Wayne Robertson and John O'Sullivan played for Ponsonby while Otahuhu were coached by Joe Gwynne and included Glenn Taylor, Murray Wright and Bob Jarvis.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury
Christchurch, Eastern Suburbs won the Canterbury Rugby League's Pat Smith Challenge Trophy.


1975 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions
The Waitara Bears won the Taranaki Rugby League championship. Marist were the runners up Waitara also won the DB Draught North Island club competition.


1975 Newfoundland general election
The 1975 Newfoundland general election was held on 16 September 1975 to elect members of the 37th General Assembly of Newfoundland. It was won by the Progressive Conservative party.


1975 Nice International Championships
The 1975 Nice International Championships, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France that was part of the ATP European Winter Circuit. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 5 May until 11 May 1975. Second-seeded Dick Crealy won the title.


1975 Nice International Championships, Finals, Doubles
Marcello Lara /  Joaquín Loyo Mayo defeated  Iván Molina /  Jairo Velasco Sr. 7–6, 6–7, 8–6


1975 Nicholls State Colonels football team
The 1975 Nicholls State Colonels football team represented Nicholls State University as member of the a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) the 1975 NCAA Division II football season. Led by second-year head coach Bill Clements, the Colonels compiled an overall record of 8–2 with a conference mark of 7–2, winning the GSC title. Nicholls State played their home games at John L. Guidry Stadium in Thibodaux, Louisiana.


1975 Nigerian coup d'état
The 1975 Nigerian coup d'état was a bloodless military coup which took place in Nigeria on 29 July 1975 when a faction of junior Armed Forces officers overthrew General Yakubu Gowon (who himself took power in the 1966 counter-coup). Colonel Joseph Nanven Garba announced the coup in a broadcast on Radio Nigeria (which became FRCN in 1978). At the time of the coup, Gowon was attending the 12th Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Summit in Kampala, Uganda. The coup plotters appointed Brigadier Murtala Mohammed as head of state, and Brigadier Olusegun Obasanjo as his deputy. The coup was motivated by unhappiness of junior officers at the lack of progress Gowon had made in moving the country towards democratic rule, while Garba's role as an insider is credited with ensuring that the coup was bloodless.


1975 Nigerian coup d'état
Mohammed, whose policies and decisiveness won him broad popular support and elevated him to the status of a folk hero, stayed in power until 13 February 1976 when he was assassinated during a coup attempt. Obasanjo succeeded him as head of state.


1975 Nippon Professional Baseball season
The 1975 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the 26th season of operation for the league.


1975 Nippon Professional Baseball season, Pacific League Playoff
The Pacific League teams with the best first and second-half records met in a best-of-five playoff series to determine the league representative in the Japan Series.


1975 Niuean general election
General elections were held in Niue on 26 April 1975.


1975 Niuean general election, Background
The new constitution approved in a 1974 referendum provided for a 21-member Assembly consisting of a Speaker and 20 elected members. Fourteen of the members were elected from single-member constituencies based on the 14 villages, and six from an island-wide constituency.


1975 Niuean general election, Campaign
A total of 15 candidates contested the island-wide seats. Eleven of the fourteen village constituencies had only one candidate, who was returned unopposed.


1975 Niuean general election, Results
Two women were elected, becoming the first female members of the Assembly. One was Patricia Rex, wife of Leader of Government Business Robert Rex. Two of Rex's other relatives running in the election (his son Robert and uncle Leslie) were unsuccessful.


1975 Niuean general election, Aftermath
When the newly elected Assembly met five days after the election, Sam Pata Emani Tagelagi was reappointed as Speaker.


1975 Niuean general election, Aftermath
Robert Rex was elected Premier and reappointed the three incumbent ministers to the cabinet, Enetama Lipitoa, Frank Lui and Young Vivian.


1975 Noritake Porcelainmakers season
The 1975 Noritake Porcelainmakers season was the maiden season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).


1975 Noritake Porcelainmakers season, Summary
The Porcelainmakers were a steady and average team, hovering around a .500 record for almost each conference in the season. In the First Conference, Noritake almost made the playoffs with a record of 8-8 (.500), two games shy behind the Royal Tru-Orange. The team was led by all-star Rey Alcantara and imports Cisco Oliver and Billy Robinson.


1975 Noritake Porcelainmakers season, Summary
In the Second Conference, they their best record of the season going 13-9 (.591), but still missed the playoffs, they finished as the 5th seed also again behind the Royal Tru-Orange.


1975 Noritake Porcelainmakers season, Summary
In the All-Philippine Championship Conference, Noritake lose their last 2 games of the season and again missed the playoffs.


1975 North American Soccer League season
Statistics of North American Soccer League in season 1975. This was the 8th season of the NASL.


1975 North American Soccer League season, Overview
The league comprised 20 teams with the Tampa Bay Rowdies winning the championship.


1975 North American Soccer League season, Overview
1975 was the first year the league used the term Soccer Bowl for their championship game.


1975 North American Soccer League season, Changes from the previous season, Rules changes
The 1975 season saw the removal of tie games. Matches that were level after 90 minutes would go to 15 minutes of sudden death overtime, and then onto penalty kicks if needed. It would not be until 2000 that a top-tier American soccer league would again allow matches to end in a draw.


1975 North American Soccer League season, Regular season
W = Wins, L = Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PT= point system


1975 North American Soccer League season, Regular season
6 points for a win,1 point for a shootout win,0 points for a loss,1 point for each regulation goal scored up to three per game.


1975 North American Soccer League season, Playoffs
All playoff games in all rounds including Soccer Bowl '75 were single game elimination match ups.


1975 North Atlantic earthquake
The 1975 North Atlantic earthquake occurred on May 26 at 09:11 UTC. The epicenter was located in the North Atlantic, in an area between the Azores, Iberian Peninsula, and Morocco. It had a magnitude of Mw 7.9, or Ms 8.1.


1975 North Atlantic earthquake
This was an intraplate earthquake that was located about 200 km south of the Gloria Fault, the  presumed boundary between the African Plate and the Eurasia Plate. It had a right-lateral strike-slip focal mechanism and was unusually large for an oceanic strike-slip event. Damage was reported in Madeira, which is about 250 km away. A tsunami of 0.3 m in maximum water elevation was recorded in Lagos, Portugal and an eyewitness reported a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) wave height at Ponta Delgada in the Azores.


1975 North Carolina Tar Heels football team
The 1975 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The Tar Heels were led by ninth-year head coach Bill Dooley and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in sixth.


1975 North Dakota State Bison football team
The 1975 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1975 NCAA Division II football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their third year under head coach Ev Kjelbertson, the team compiled a 2–7 record.


1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
The 1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was part of the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India.


1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. An average of five tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.


1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclone Two (02A)
Two meandered slowly northwest, attaining hurricane-force winds between May 3 and May 5. The cyclone dissipated before making landfall.


1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclone Three (03B)
On May 5, Cyclone Three formed offshore of Thailand before recurving into Burma on May 7 as a hurricane-force system. Three moved inland and dissipated on May 8.


1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclone Sixteen (16A)
Cyclone Sixteen formed on 19 October and began to intensify, peaking as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm or as a Category-1 equivalent storm on October 21. The storm made landfall at Porbandar in Gujarat at peak intensity. Sixteen dissipated on October 24.


1975 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclone Sixteen (16A)
The cyclone caused severe damage to livelihoods, killing 85 people. Total damages in Indian Rupees were estimated to be 75 crores.


1975 North Korean local elections
Elections to city, county and district people's assemblies were held in North Korea on February 27, 1975. In the elections, 23,833 city, county and district people's assembly deputies were elected.


1975 North Korean local elections
Voter turnout was reported as 100%, with candidates receiving a 100% approval rate.


1975 North Vietnamese legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in North Vietnam on 6 April 1975. The Vietnamese Fatherland Front won all 424 seats, with voter turnout reported to be 98.26%. They were the final elections held in North Vietnam, as Vietnamese reunification occurred the following year.


1975 Northeast Louisiana Indians football team
The 1975 Northeast Louisiana Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana University (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) as an independent during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their fourth year under head coach Ollie Keller, the team compiled a 4–6–1 record.


1975 Northern Cypriot constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Northern Cyprus on 8 June 1975. The constitution for the new breakaway state  provided for a presidential republic in which the president could serve a maximum of two terms of four years, and for a unicameral parliament of 40 seats. It was approved by 99.39% of voters.


1975 Northern Illinois Huskies football team
The 1975 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. 1975 was the first year the Huskies competed in the Mid-American Conference, making the transition from being a Division I Independent since joining Division I football in 1969. They were led by head coach Jerry Ippoliti, coaching in his fifth and final season, and they played their home games at Huskie Stadium.


1975 Northern Iowa Panthers football team
The 1975 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa in the 1975 NCAA Division II football season as a member of the North Central Conference.


1975 Northern Mariana Islands status referendum
A referendum on becoming a US commonwealth was held in the Northern Mariana Islands on 17 June 1975. The proposal was approved by 79% of voters. As a result, the United States Congress approved the change of status on 24 March 1976.


1975 Northern Mariana Islands status referendum, Background
Four previous referendums on either integration with Guam or the islands' status had been held in 1958, 1961, 1963 and 1969. On each occasion a majority of Northern Mariana Islands voters had been in favor of integration with Guam, but Guamanian voters rejected integration in a 1969 referendum.


1975 Northern Mariana Islands status referendum, Background
On 20 February 1975 the Northern Marianas' District Legislature put forward proposals to become a US commonwealth. A threshold of 55% in favor was set in order for the referendum to pass.


1975 Northern Michigan Wildcats football team
The 1975 Northern Michigan Wildcats football team represented Northern Michigan University during the 1975 NCAA Division II football season. Led by second-year head coach Gil Krueger, the Wildcats compiled a 13–1 record, with victories over Central Michigan (17–16), Nebraska–Omaha (41–14), Youngstown State (15–0), Eastern Michigan (20–7), and Boise State (24–21) in Idaho in the quarterfinals of the Division II playoffs.


1975 Northern Michigan Wildcats football team
The Wildcats defeated the Western Kentucky in the championship game, 16–14, to win their first Division II national title. The championship game was held at Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. Of all current members of Division II, as of 2013, Northern Michigan was the first to win the playoff national championship.


1975 Northern Michigan Wildcats football team
The 1975 team was led by sophomore quarterback Steve Mariucci, later a head coach in the NFL for nine seasons. The previous season in 1974, the Wildcats were winless at 0–10.


1975 Northwest Territories general election
The 1975 Northwest Territories general election was on March 10, 1975. This was the first general election since 1902 that all the members of the assembly were elected. Fifteen members were elected to the Legislative Council.


1975 Northwestern Wildcats football team
The 1975 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1975 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third year under head coach John Pont, the Wildcats compiled a 3–8 record (2–6 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and finished in ninth place in the Big Ten Conference.


1975 Northwestern Wildcats football team
The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Randy Dean with 1,315 passing yards, Greg Boykin with 1,105 rushing yards, and Scott Yelvington with 686 receiving yards. Three Northwestern players received All-Big Ten honors: (1) defensive back Pete Shaw (AP-1; UPI-1); (2) center Paul Jasinskis (AP-1; UPI-2); and (3) wide receiver Scott Yelvington (UPI-2).


1975 Norwegian Football Cup
The Norwegian Football Cup 1975 was a Norwegian football tournament that took place in 1975. It was the 70th Norwegian Football Cup.


1975 Norwegian Football Cup, Final
This was the first time a team from Northern Norway played in (and won) a cup final. Both teams played in the second division at the time.


1975 Norwegian local elections
Country-wide local elections for seats in municipality and county councils were held throughout Norway in 1975. For most places this meant that two elections, the municipal elections and the county elections ran concurrently. This was also the first time ever county elections were held in Norway.


1975 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1975 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. It was Dan Devine's first year as head coach, taking over for the retired Ara Parseghian.


1975 Oakland Athletics season
The Oakland Athletics' 1975 season involved the A's winning their fifth consecutive American League West title with a record of 98 wins and 64 losses. They went on to play the Boston Red Sox in the 1975 American League Championship Series, losing in three straight games.


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Offseason
After the Athletics' victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1974 World Series under Alvin Dark, pitcher Catfish Hunter filed a grievance. He won the American League Cy Young Award in 1974 with a record of 25–12 and a league-leading 2.49 earned run average. Hunter uncovered a violation of his contract with A's owner Charlie Finley and the team that allowed him to become a free agent. The A's were to send half of Hunter's $100,000 annual salary to a North Carolina bank as payment on an annuity, but Finley did not comply.


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Offseason
On December 13, 1974, arbitrator Peter Seitz ruled in Hunter's favor. As a result, Hunter became a free agent, and signed a contract with the New York Yankees for the 1975 season. Despite the loss of Hunter, the A's repeated as A.L. West champions in 1975, but lost the ALCS to Boston in a 3-game sweep.


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Offseason
The Athletics led the league in arbitration filings with 13. Seven players settled before their hearings.


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Oakland Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Oakland Raiders season
The 1975 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 16th season, and 6th in the National Football League.


1975 Oakland Raiders season
The 1975 season would be George Blanda's final season in the NFL. Blanda retired with two significant records: the most seasons in American professional football (26), and most games played (340). The Raiders would finish the season with an 11-3 record and won the AFC West for the 4th straight year. They also made the playoffs for the 4th straight season. In the playoffs, the Raiders stunned the Cincinnati Bengals 31-28 in the Divisional Round. In the AFC Championship game, their third straight, they lost to the Steelers for the second straight season 16-10.


1975 Oakland Raiders season
Opposing quarterbacks had a passer rating of 37.2 against Oakland in 1975, the second-lowest total of the Super Bowl era.


1975 Oakland Raiders season, Playoffs
The Raiders defeated the Cincinnati Bengals 31–28 in the divisional round in Oakland. The following Sunday, they fell to the Pittsburgh Steelers 16–10 in the AFC Championship Game.


1975 October Revolution Parade
The 1975 October Revolution Parade was a parade on Red Square dedicated to the 58th anniversary of the October Revolution on November 7th 1975. Marshal of the Soviet Union Andrei Grechko gave his last speech on the grandstand of Lenin's Mausoleum, before he died the following April. Commanding the parade was the head of the Moscow Military District Colonel General Vladimir Govorov. Providing the music for his final parade, was conducted by Major General Nikolai Nazarov of the combined massed bands of the Moscow Garrison. A scaled down display of military technologies that excluded tanks was also present, which cut the parade down to 30 minutes as a result. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev and Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin were present at the parade.


1975 October Revolution Parade
A color guard unit marched past there for the 1st time since 1967, but with the Victory Banner at the lead. This was done to mark the 30th anniversary of the end of the Second World War, which wasn't marked with the usual Victory Day Parade on 9 May. The parade that year acted as the de facto Victory Day Parade for that jubilee year.


1975 October Revolution Parade, Debut appearance of the fanfare trumpeters and fifers of the Moscow Military Music College
1975 being the 30th year since the Moscow Victory Parade of 1945, to honor this historic event the Moscow Military Music College debuted what would be a 27-year tradition of leading the Red Square parades with the snare drum beats of the Corps of Drums and its fanfare trumpeters and fifers, combined with its Turkish crescent and a pair of glockenspiels granted that year (which would be used until 1990 and replaced by the college banner since 1995, but the glockenspiels were retained with ornamental modifications) in honor of the cadets who marched past on that day.


1975 October Revolution Parade, Debut appearance of the fanfare trumpeters and fifers of the Moscow Military Music College
For the only time in its history the Corps march past first to the tune of fifes and drums, and then by the fanfare trumpeters sounding the "Glory to the Motherland" March with the massed bands. From 1977 to 1990 the Corps led the parade playing the tune "Comrades, We Bravely March!"


1975 October Revolution Parade, Debut appearance of the fanfare trumpeters and fifers of the Moscow Military Music College
(With the exception case for the 1990 Victory Day Parade, when the tune "Katyusha" and "Den Pobedy" was played by fifers and fanfare trumpeters respectively; and in 1995 the tune "We are Army of the People" was played instead) by the chromatic fanfare trumpeters preceded by the fifers of the school.


1975 Ohio Bobcats football team
The 1975 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their 18th season under head coach Bill Hess, the Bobcats compiled a 5–5–1 record (3–3–1 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 164 to 143.


1975 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1975 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1975 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled an 11–1 record, including the 1976 Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, where they lost, 23–10, to the UCLA Bruins.


1975 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
In 1975, Archie Griffin became college football's only two-time Heisman trophy winner. Griffin won four Big Ten Conference titles with the Ohio State Buckeyes and became the only player ever to start in four Rose Bowls.


1975 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries, Purdue
Archie Griffin broke Cornell's Ed Marinaro NCAA career rushing record with a 23-yard run up the middle in the fourth quarter.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The team was helmed by Barry Switzer in his third season as head coach. After sailing through their first eight games, Oklahoma suffered a surprising home loss to Kansas, which snapped a 28-game winning streak. With only two regular season games and a bowl trip left, any hopes for a repeat national championship looked slim.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team
OU defeated Missouri, 28–27, in Columbia before coming home to defeat second-ranked Nebraska, 35–10 to take the Big 8 Conference title. With the conference title in tow, the No. 3-ranked Sooners, in their first bowl game under Switzer, headed to the Orange Bowl to meet Michigan.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team
OU prevailed in that game with a 14–6 victory and got pushed to the top spot in the polls when both #1 Ohio State and #2 Texas A&M suffered defeats in their bowl games. Oklahoma won its 27th conference and fifth national championship.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The Sooners served their third season of NCAA probation in 1975. They were banned from appearing on television during the regular season, but the portion of the probation banning them from bowl games was lifted (Oklahoma did not play in a bowl game in 1973, but appeared twice on television; it was banned from both television and bowl games in 1974). Oklahoma returned to television for the Orange Bowl.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries
Oklahoma had won the AP National Title in 1974 and began the year by thrashing Oregon 62–7 in Norman. OU played host to a Johnny Majors coached #15 Pittsburgh squad, sporting junior running back sensation Tony Dorsett (only a year away from the Heisman trophy and the collegiate rushing record), and they dominated, outscoring the Panthers 46–10. But a trip to unranked Miami was nearly fatal.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries
The Sooners scored all 20 of their points in the second quarter and finished with just 163 rushing yards and 176 total, barely surviving a ten-point Hurricanes' fourth quarter en route to a 20–17 victory. That win was not enough to knock the Sooners to the second spot in the polls, but a one-point win over Colorado the following week was. Against the Buffaloes, the vaunted Sooner wishbone offense looked abysmal, and they surrendered a 14-point lead in the second half. A botched CU extra point in the final 79 seconds proved the difference. Ohio State took over the number one ranking. The Sooners, despite the close calls, came into Dallas atop a 24-game winning streak and a 33-game unbeaten streak and ranked #2 in the country.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Texas
Texas came into Dallas with a bona fide superstar in 225-pound sophomore fullback Earl Campbell. The fearsome runner had trampled everything in his path en route to 508 yards (8.1 ypc), including 198 yards against Washington. Behind the young Campbell, the Longhorns were leading the nation in rushing, total offense and scoring, averaging 44 points per game.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Texas
The Sooners had a leader in Steve Davis, an ordained minister that could run and pass. The halfbacks, Joe Washington and Horace Ivory were speedy and elusive. The receiving corps, paced by Senior Billy Brooks, was among the best of the wishbone era at OU. Of course, the greatest asset to the Sooners was not on offense. The 1975 OU defense was among the very best in a storied history, led by Lee Roy Selmon, who would go on to win both the Outland Trophy and the Lombardi Award as the nation's best lineman.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Texas
It was the Sooner defense that made the Longhorns lose a fifth straight Red River Shootout. Neither offense exploded with big plays, both scoring hard fought points in the red zone. The game was best characterized by the hard hitting from both sides, which led to a considerable number of turnovers. The Longhorns fumbled the ball four times and gave away an interception. The Sooners lost two fumbles. The Sooner defense proved its mettle against the powerful Campbell, holding him to 95 yards on 23 carries. Although he was the game's leading ball carrier, he also marked the 21st straight time that a team failed to have a 100-yard rusher against the Sooners. The Sooners prevailed 24–17.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Kansas
After thrashing Kansas State, Iowa State, and Oklahoma State by a combined score of 91–17, the Sooners returned home. Inexplicably, a team that had run roughshod over equivalent teams, managed to suffer a 23–3 loss to unranked Kansas, a team that came into Norman with a 5–3 record. The Sooners were caught flat and were upset by the Jayhawks, knocking them from the #2 spot in the polls down to #7.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Kansas
In Columbia against #18 Missouri the following week, they needed a 71-yard touchdown run from Joe Washington on a critical fourth and one, a Washington run for a successful two-point conversion, and two missed field goal attempts by the Tigers in the final two minutes to eke out a 28–27 win. The struggles took their toll, and OU found themselves down another spot in the poll heading into the annual showdown against Nebraska. The defending national champs were reeling and in search of an identity. No game could have had nearly as much on the line as the final regular season game for the Big 8 Championship.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Nebraska
Nebraska began 1975 mostly under the radar, but they were riding a 10–0 record and sporting one of the best passing quarterbacks in the nation in Vince Ferragamo, who had transferred a season before from California. He had completed 66 of 109 passes for 1,007 yards and 12 touchdowns, against only two interceptions. The Huskers had stepped into the #2 spot in the polls that the Sooners had vacated in their loss to Kansas.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Nebraska
The Cornhusker offense was balanced, averaging 265.6 yards rushing and 156.7 yards passing per game, and was among the nation's leaders in scoring, averaging 34.3 points per game. The Nebraska defense was allowing only 8.5 points per game. They had posted four shutouts, including their last two opponents to run their string to ten consecutive scoreless quarters. The Black Shirt D had held the same Jayhawks team that had upset OU earlier in the season to only 177 yards of total offense.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Nebraska
The Big Eight title, as usual, was on the line in 1975. The winner would play in the Orange Bowl with a possible shot at a national championship. Oklahoma, realizing all that was on the line, had worked with Fiesta Bowl officials for a potential bid in Tempe if they lost to the Cornhuskers. Nebraska had shunned the Fiesta officials, possibly shutting themselves out of the bowls in the event of a loss.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Nebraska
Ultimately, the Sooners came out of Norman with the conference title and the shot at a national title in the Orange Bowl, and it turned out to not even be close. Three turnovers in the fourth quarter had ended the Huskers' chances. Oklahoma scored on all three to make it five touchdowns from six Nebraska turnovers. The Sooners came away with a convincing and incredible 25-point victory over the second-ranked team in the land.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Nebraska
Once again, it was the Oklahoma defense that made the big plays when they needed to and controlled the Nebraska offense, limiting them to 245 total yards, only 70 on the ground. Ferragamo, who came into the game with high expectations, had completed 13 of his 25 passes for 146 yards. His four turnovers, however, had spoiled the game for Nebraska, and Oklahoma was on its way to face Michigan in the 1976 Orange Bowl.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Game summaries, Orange Bowl
UCLA upset top-ranked Ohio State earlier in the day, and Oklahoma knew that it had a chance for a national title in Barry Switzer's first bowl game as a head coach. It wouldn't be easy. The Wolverines were a punishing team, and made the Sooners know it early. In the end, a 39-yard end around by Billy Brooks and a nine-yard keeper by Steve Davis were enough for a 14–6 victory and a fifth national championship.


1975 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft
The following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.


1975 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team
The 1975 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University in the Big Eight Conference during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their third season under head coach Jim Stanley, the Cowboys compiled a 7–5 record (3–4 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 285 to 178.


1975 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team
The team's statistical leaders included Terry Miller with 1,026 rushing yards and 66 points scored, Charlie Weatherbie with 563 passing yards, and Sam Lisle with 384 receiving yards.


1975 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team
The team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.


1975 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team, After the season
The 1976 NFL Draft was held on April 8–9, 1976. The following Cowboys were selected.


1975 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1975 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The Rebels were led by second-year head coach Ken Cooper and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi and Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium in Jackson. The team competed as members of the Southeastern Conference, finishing in a three-way tie for second place with a conference record of 5–1. This was a significant improvement over the previous year, as the team went winless in conference in 1974.


1975 Omaha tornado outbreak
The 1975 Omaha tornado was a violent tornado that hit the Omaha metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It was part of a two-day outbreak that struck the Midwest and Southern United States on May 6–7, 1975, ending in the very early hours of May 8 across Louisiana. South Dakota, Iowa, Texas, and Mississippi were also struck by several tornadoes. In total, 36 tornadoes touched down across 6 states. The outbreak killed three people, injured 137, and resulted in damages costing $250 million to $300 million.


1975 Omaha tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Omaha, Nebraska
During the early afternoon of Tuesday, May 6, 1975, a tornado watch was issued for much of eastern Nebraska. Initial tornado activity started in northeast Nebraska throughout the first half of the afternoon. At around 4:15 PM, a tornado warning was issued for the Omaha area and an F4 tornado touched down about 15 minutes later in Sarpy County, Nebraska. The storm then moved north-east, cutting into Douglas County crossing Interstate 80 (injuring several motorists) and through west-central sections of the city of Omaha.


1975 Omaha tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Omaha, Nebraska
The tornado chopped a path across 10 miles (16 km) of streets and residences, crossing the city's busiest intersection at 72nd & Dodge. Extensive damage occurred along 72nd Street, with numerous homes and apartments severely damaged, along with Creighton Prep School and the United Methodist Church. The Westgate subdivision was devastated, with many homes leveled, and a few that were swept away. The nearby Westgate Elementary School was destroyed. Bergan Mercy Hospital, Lewis and Clark Junior High School, a motel, and several industrial buildings were severely damaged as well. The tornado later lifted in the Benson Park area at 4:58.


1975 Omaha tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Omaha, Nebraska
In one remarkable instance, First United Methodist Church minister of music Mel Olson spotted the rolling clouds in the sky outside the windows of the room where he was rehearsing a children's choir. He led them to safety below the church building. The building, located at 70th and Cass Streets, was struck and heavily damaged by the twister. The room where the children had been practicing, with three walls of windows, was hit and the glass exploded.


1975 Omaha tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Omaha, Nebraska
Three people were killed and 133 others were injured. One of the fatalities was a woman who was thrown by the tornado from her home to a backyard four or five houses away. Debris was found miles away. Over 4,000 buildings were damaged and 287 were destroyed. In terms of damage, it was the costliest tornado in American history to that date, with damages costing at least $250 million to $300 million (around $1.7 billion in 2015 dollars), and insurance costs estimated at up to $1.1 billion (in 1975). It was the third-costliest tornado, behind the Oklahoma City-area F5 tornado on May 3, 1999, and the Wichita Falls, Texas, tornadoes on April 10, 1979, until the Joplin, Missouri EF5 tornado on May 22, 2011. It is now currently the seventh-costliest tornado on record.


1975 Omloop Het Volk
The 1975 Omloop Het Volk was the 30th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 1 March 1975. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Joseph Bruyère.


1975 Ontario general election
The 1975 Ontario general election  was held on September 18, 1975, to elect the 125 members of the 30th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or "MPPs") of the Province of Ontario, Canada.


1975 Ontario general election
The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by Bill Davis and campaigning under the slogan, "Your Future. Your choice. ", won a tenth consecutive term in office. It lost its majority in the legislature, however, for the first time since the 1945 election. The PC Party lost 27 seats from its result in the previous election.


1975 Ontario general election
The social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Stephen Lewis with the slogan "Tomorrow starts today", doubled its representation in the legislature, and became the Official Opposition on the strength of a campaign which called for rent control in Ontario and highlighted horror stories of individuals and bad landlords who imposed exorbitant rent increases. The campaign forced the Davis' Tories to promise to implement rent controls shortly before the election.


1975 Ontario general election
The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Robert Nixon, won 15 additional seats, but lost the role of Official Opposition to the NDP. One member of its caucus was elected as a Liberal-Labour candidate.


1975 Ontario general election, Results
There were also 12 Social Credit League of Ontario candidates but they were not officially recognized as such as the party did not run enough candidates or otherwise qualify for official party status under the newly passed Election Finances Reform Act, 1975.


1975 Open Championship
The 1975 Open Championship was the 104th Open Championship, played 9–13 July at Carnoustie Golf Links in Scotland. In his first Open, Tom Watson won an 18-hole playoff by one stroke over Jack Newton to win the first of his eight major titles, which included five Open Championships.


1975 Open Championship, Final round
After three days of calm weather, the wind kicked up during the final round on Saturday and scores went up. Bobby Cole, the leader at 54 holes after back-to-back rounds of 66, shot a four-over 76 and missed the playoff by a stroke. Watson managed an even-par 72, capped with a 20-foot (6 m) birdie putt on the 72nd hole to tie Newton, who shot 74 (+2).


1975 Open Championship, Playoff
The Sunday playoff was back-and-forth in the rain, and included a chip-in eagle by Watson at the 14th hole, the short par-5 named "Spectacles." Newton had chipped to within inches and tapped in for birdie. The two were tied at the 18th tee, the par-4 "Home" with the meandering Barry Burn. Watson was on the 90th green in two with about 25 feet (8 m) for birdie, but Newton's approach ended in the front left bunker. Newton's lengthy sand shot ran 10 feet (3 m) past the hole. After Watson had safely two-putted for par, Newton's putt to save par and extend the match missed left and Watson won the title.


1975 Open Championship, Playoff
This was the second and final 18-hole playoff at the Open; the first was in 1970, won by Jack Nicklaus. The format was changed to a four-hole aggregate playoff in 1985, first used in 1989. Prior to 1964, the playoff at the Open was 36 holes.


1975 Open Championship, Course layout
^ The 6th hole was renamed Hogan's Alley in 2003


1975 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round
Amateurs: Stephen (+1), Poxon (+5), Stadler (+5), Price (+10), Levenson (+13).


1975 Orange Bowl
The 1975 Orange Bowl was the 41st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, on Wednesday, January 1. Part of the 1974–75 bowl game season, it matched the ninth-ranked independent Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the undefeated #2 Alabama Crimson Tide of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). It was a rematch of the previous season's Sugar Bowl. In a game dominated by both defenses, underdog Notre Dame held on to upset the Tide,  13–11.


1975 Orange Bowl, Teams, Notre Dame
Notre Dame went 9–2 in the regular season, with losses to Purdue and USC. Following their victory over Navy, Orange Bowl officials announced an invitation to Notre Dame and Alabama. This was Notre Dame's sixth bowl game appearance and their second Orange Bowl. It was notable as Ara Parseghian's final game as head coach, as he announced his resignation from the position December 15. He was succeeded by Dan Devine, the head coach of the NFL's Green Bay Packers for four seasons, and previously led Missouri (1958–1970) and Arizona State (1955–1957).


1975 Orange Bowl, Teams, Alabama
Alabama won all eleven games in the regular season and were conference champions. Following their victory over Mississippi State, Orange Bowl officials announced Alabama accepted an invitation to play against Notre Dame in a rematch of the previous year's Sugar Bowl. It was Alabama's 28th bowl game appearance and seventh Orange Bowl.


1975 Orange Bowl, Teams, Alabama
Undefeated Alabama was first in the UPI coaches poll (#2 in AP poll) and favored by nine to ten points.


1975 Orange Bowl, Game summary
Earlier in the evening in California, fifth-ranked USC won the Rose Bowl by a point over #3 Ohio State. Top-ranked Oklahoma was bowl ineligible, and #4 Michigan was also idle, as this was the final season that the Big Ten Conference (and Pac-8) allowed just one bowl team.


1975 Orange Bowl, Game summary
The final game of New Year's Day, the Orange Bowl kicked off at night; midway through the first quarter, Alabama's Willie Shelby fumbled a punt that was recovered by Notre Dame's Al Samuel at the Crimson Tide 16-yard line. Five plays later, the Irish scored on a four-yard Wayne Bullock touchdown run to take a 7–0 lead. Their lead was extended to 13–0 midway through the second quarter after Mark McLane scored on a nine-yard touchdown run to cap a 17-play drive that covered 77 yards. A 21-yard field goal by Danny Ridgeway cut the lead to 13–3 at the half.


1975 Orange Bowl, Game summary
After a scoreless third, the Crimson Tide scored a late touchdown on a 48-yard Richard Todd touchdown pass to Russ Schamun, and with a successful two-point conversion closed the gap to 13–11. After a defensive stop, Alabama got the ball back at its own 38 with under two minutes remaining, needing only a field goal to win. After two completions, the ball was on the Irish 38; Todd missed an open Ozzie Newsome and threw an interception to Reggie Barnett, effectively ending the comeback for the Tide. Bullock was the leading rusher at 83 yards, and was named the game's outstanding player, with Alabama defensive end Leroy Cook.


1975 Orange Bowl, Aftermath
In an era of few postseason games, this was Alabama's sixteenth consecutive bowl appearance, but was the eighth straight without a victory (0–7–1). Their last postseason win was in January 1967; starting with the next season, the Tide won six consecutive bowl games.


1975 Oregon State Beavers football team
The 1975 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State University in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. Home games were played on campus in Corvallis at Parker Stadium, with two at Civic Stadium in Portland.


1975 Oregon State Beavers football team
In the eleventh and final year for Dee Andros as head coach, the Beavers were 1–10 overall and 1–6 in the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8). Following an eighth straight loss to open the season, he announced his resignation in early November, effective at the end of the season. Oregon State's only win came the following week, 7–0 over Washington State in a land-grant cellar matchup in Parker Stadium. In the season finale Civil War against Oregon at Eugene, the Beavers lost for the first time at Autzen Stadium.


1975 Oregon State Beavers football team
Andros stepped down and became the OSU athletic director in late November, and retired a decade later in 1985. Craig Fertig, a 33-year-old USC assistant and former Trojan quarterback, was hired as the Beavers' head coach in December, with a three-year contract at $26,000 per year.


1975 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1975 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. Led by second-year head coach Don Read, the Ducks were 3–8 overall (2–5 in the Pac-8, sixth place).


1975 Oregon Webfoots football team
Oregon defeated Utah of the WAC in late October to break a 14-game losing streak, the nation's longest at the time. They won the next week at Washington State, and the season-ending Civil War over Oregon State, the final game for Beavers' head coach Dee Andros, only his second loss in the rivalry in his eleven seasons.


1975 Origins Award winners
The following are the winners of the 2nd annual (1975) Origins Award, presented at Origins 1976:


1975 Orly Airport attacks
On 13 and 19 January 1975, El Al aircraft at Paris-Orly Airport, France were subject to attempted RPG attacks by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) terrorists led by Carlos the Jackal. While the intended attacks failed, collateral damage was suffered and the second attack resulted in gunfighting and a seventeen-hour hostage situation.


1975 Orly Airport attacks
In the first attack, Carlos and Johannes Weinrich of the Revolutionary Cells fired two RPGs at an El Al aircraft, but missed and instead hit a Yugoslav plane and an administration building, injuring three people. Six days later, Carlos returned with three Palestinian terrorists, and another attempted RPG-attack on an El Al airplane was thwarted, resulting in a hostage situation and gunfights with police. Twenty people were wounded after grenades were thrown by the terrorists into the airport terminal.


1975 Orly Airport attacks
The terminal building was surrounded by hundreds of French riot police, and French Interior Minister Michel Poniatowski arrived at the scene and reportedly became involved in negotiating with the terrorists. After seventeen hours, the ten hostages including one child were released in return for the three remaining terrorists, excluding Carlos who had fled during the gunfight, being flown to Baghdad, Iraq.


1975 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1975 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the 69th water polo championship in Hungary. There were twelve teams who played two-round match for the title.


1975 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season
The 1975 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 1st place in the Eastern Conference with a 10–5–1 record.


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season, Offseason
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats sent Tony Gabriel off to the Rough Riders because Gabriel suggested that the players should get a raise when the East increased the number of games played from 14 to 16 in 1974. Gabriel would lead the Rough Riders and the Eastern Division in receiving.


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season, Offseason, Quarterback controversy
Jerry Keeling was projected as the starting quarterback for the Rough Riders while Tennessee's Condredge Holloway was expected to be the quarterback of the future. Holloway was selected in the 12th round of the 1975 NFL Draft by New England Patriots  but they were projecting him only as a wide receiver or defensive back.


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season, Offseason, Quarterback controversy
General Manager Frank Clair made five trips to try to get Holloway signed. Clair also pursued another well known college quarterback, Notre Dame Fighting Irish quarterback Tom Clements. Clements had just been dropped from the Winnipeg Blue Bombers negotiation list and following a substantial bonus offer, signed with Ottawa. After the acquisition of Clements, Holloway soon signed with the club.


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season, Offseason, Quarterback controversy
Bill Robinson, a Canadian quarterback who led schools to appearances in the 1973 and 1974 Vanier Cup  was trying to earn a spot on the roster as a quarterback.


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season, Offseason, Quarterback controversy
Robinson competed for the spot against Clements and Holloway. Before training camp, Robinson was treated poorly by the organization as his $13,000 contract was mailed to him. The contract stated that there was no signing bonus and no negotiation.


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season, Offseason, Quarterback controversy
Tony Gabriel stated that Robinson was the best passer in camp. Even Tom Clements stated that Robinson threw better than him. In an intra squad game, Robinson completed 10 of 13 passes. In his first preseason game, Robinson completed 3 of 6 passes, included a 48 yard pass to Tony Gabriel.


1975 Ottawa Rough Riders season, Offseason, Quarterback controversy
In the three remaining preseason games, Robinson only had 8 minutes of playing time. CFLPA president George Reed was furious at the Rough Riders organization. Fans were highly critical of the poor treatment that Robinson received. The problem was that the Rough Riders guaranteed the contracts of Clements and Holloway. Robinson would be placed on the 21-day injury list with tonsillitis although his tonsils had been removed years earlier. He would make the team as a defensive back and special teams player. Surprisingly, Holloway and Clements developed so quickly that Brancato decided to trade Keeling to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats prior to the season-opener.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship
The 1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship was the third and last conference of the 1975 PBA season. It started on November 30 and ended on December 14, 1975. The Toyota Comets and the Crispa Redmanizers played for the third championship contested by the league.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship
The Crispa Redmanizers finally won over the Toyota Comets, three games to two, for their first PBA championship. The Redmanizers also captured the Seven-Up All-Filipino Sports award for the team of the year.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship, Finals
Byron "Snake" Jones sink four straight charities in the last 55 seconds to give Toyota a 99-95 lead. It was a come-from behind victory by the Comets, which trailed by as much as 10 points thrice in the third quarter, the last at 78-68 and by nine points, 84-75, with eight minutes left in the game.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship, Finals
The Redmanizers rose from an eight-point deficit, 86-94, to take the lead for good at 100-98, on a 14-4 cluster by Adornado, Philip Cezar, Bernie Fabiosa and Rudy Soriano.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship, Finals
Crispa's intense defense forced the Comets into 10 errors alone in the first quarter and the Redmanizers took a 26-14 advantage in the first 12 minutes of play. A couple of sizzling layups by Rey Franco past Toyota import Byron "Snake" Jones highlighted Crispa's surge to its biggest lead of 16 points in the third quarter, 64-48.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship, Finals
Stan Cherry fired six points in a 10-2 run that shoved Toyota out front, 73-65, and when Crispa closed in to within 71-73, Orly Bauzon and Rodolfo Segura bailed out the Comets, 79-73, with two minutes remaining.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship, Finals
Crispa took an 87-80 lead in the final stretch. Johnny Burks followed fellow import Pete Crotty to the bench with six fouls with still 3:10 left. The Comets came close to within 89-92, with still 1:35 left. Bogs Adornado, who topscored with 18 points, banged in his final basket off Orly Bauzon and though Sonny Jaworski narrowed it down to three, 91-94, Philip Cezar redeemed himself from the previous error by sinking in the clincher for the Redmanizers, a driving lay-up off Ramon Fernandez which triggered off a riot moments later. Toyota coach Dante Silverio, who blamed the referees for the riot, sent in only four men in the last 30 seconds.


1975 PBA All-Philippine Championship, Occurrences
On December 14, before a record crowd of 32,000 at the Araneta Coliseum, Crispa finally beats Toyota in the championship series, winning Game five, 96-91, to capture the third conference title, dubbed All-Philippine championship. The final game of the season was marred by two bench-clearing free-for-all incidents, both Crispa and Toyota were fined P10,000 each for the melee, Toyota's Oscar Rocha was meted a nine-month suspension, Crispa's Philip Cezar and Toyota's Alberto Reynoso were suspended in four and a half months and fine each.


1975 PBA First Conference Finals
The 1975 PBA First Conference Finals was the best-of-5 basketball championship series of the 1975 PBA First Conference, and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The Toyota Comets and the Crispa Redmanizers played for the inaugural championship contested by the league. The tournament was officially named as an All-Filipino Conference, but it was reclassified in the 2010s as an import-laced tournament since the league gave teams the option to hire foreign players or "imports". This tournament was renamed as the "1975 PBA First Conference" since the 2001 edition of Hardcourt, the official PBA Annual.


1975 PBA First Conference Finals
The Toyota Comets became the league's very first champion, winning their series in four games against the Crispa Redmanizers.


1975 PBA First Conference Finals, Players' scoring averages
(*) Three games only, did not see action in Game four


1975 PBA Second Conference Finals
The 1975 PBA Second Conference Finals (officially named as the 1975 PBA Open Conference Finals) was the best-of-5 basketball championship series of the 1975 PBA Second Conference, and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The Toyota Comets and the Crispa Redmanizers played for the second championship contested by the league.


1975 PBA Second Conference Finals, Players' scoring averages
(*) Two games only, Fernandez did not see action in Game two because of a broken nose, Rocha was not fielded in Game one.


1975 PBA Second Conference Finals, Occurrences
Toyota's Robert Jaworski and Crispa's Rudy Soriano were suspended in Game two for deliberately punching fellow players in the previous game of the championship series. Soriano blooded Ramon Fernandez' nose in a rebound scramble while Jaworski retaliated for Fernandez by hitting Soriano. Both were also fined aside from the one-game suspension.


1975 PBA Second Conference Finals, Occurrences
Crispa coach Baby Dalupan is fined P200 and suspended for one game after banging together the heads of referees Remigio Bartolome and Feliciano Santarina after the Redmanizers' Game 3 loss to Toyota.


1975 PBA Second Conference Finals, Occurrences
On that same day on November 21, the PBA board rejects Crispa team manager Danny Floro's request for a change of referees. With Toyota leading the series, two games to one, following a 115-102 victory in Game three, the Redmanizers did not show up for Game four, therefore, the PBA forfeited the game and the championship series in favor of Toyota.


1975 PBA season
The 1975 PBA season was the inaugural season of the Philippine Basketball Association.


1975 PBA season, Notable events
In 1975, nine big corporations with basketball teams in the Manila Industrial Commercial Athletic Association (MICAA) declared their independence from the Basketball Association of the Philippines and formed the first professional basketball league in Asia, the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).


1975 PBA season, Notable events
On April 9, the PBA opens with its inaugural double-header at the Araneta Coliseum, with a sellout crowd of 18,000 watching, the Marisawa-Noritake Porcelain Makers defeated Concepcion Carrier, 101-98, in the opening game while Toyota Comets won over U/Tex Weavers, 105-101, in the main game. Gregorio "Joy" Dionisio of Carrier scored the very first basket in PBA history.


1975 PBA season, Notable events
In front of 11,000 fans at the Rizal Memorial Coliseum on May 10, the Crispa-Floro Redmanizers and Toyota Comets clash for the first time in what could be the start of their long-storied rivalry. The Redmanizers hacked out a 139-133 victory to hand the Comets their first loss of the season and halted their seven-game winning streak. Bogs Adornado topscored for Crispa with 29 points.


1975 PBA season, All-Star games
In pioneering version of All-star games on December 23, the Brown team coach by Baby Dalupan beats Dante Silverio's Yellow squad, 126-123, in the third and deciding match of the PBA Ovaltine dream games.


1975 PBA season, All-Star games
Members of the Brown team were Ramon Fernandez, William Adornado, Rudolf Kutch, Rudy Soriano, Atoy Co, Francis Arnaiz, Larry Mumar, Dave Regullano, Freddie Hubalde, Reynaldo Alcantara, Estoy Estrada, Rey Franco, Cristino Reynoso, Jimmy Noblezada and Romy Cabading, the Yellow team were composed of Robert Jaworski, Rosalio Martirez, Bernie Fabiosa, Johnny Revilla, Lim Eng Beng, Gregorio Dionisio, Danny Florencio, Jimmy Mariano, Adriano Papa, Manny Paner, Abet Guidaben, Rudolfo Segura, Ricardo Cleofas, Ramon Lucindo and Romeo Frank, who replaced the suspended Philip Cezar.


1975 PBA season, Notes
The first and second conference of the season were officially named as All-Filipino Conference and Open Conference respectively. The first All-Filipino Conference was reclassified as an import-laced tournament since the league gave teams the option to hire foreign players or "imports". Both tournaments were renamed as First and Second Conference based on the records under the "Winners circle over the years" section of the official PBA Annual, Hardcourt, since its 2001 edition.


1975 PGA Championship
The 1975 PGA Championship was the 57th PGA Championship, played August 7–10 at the South Course of Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. Jack Nicklaus, an Ohio native, won the fourth of his five PGA Championships and the fourteenth of his eighteen major titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Bruce Crampton. He was also the 54-hole leader, four strokes ahead of Crampton.


1975 PGA Championship
It was the second major of the year for Nicklaus, who won his fifth green jacket in April at the Masters, and the fourth of five times that he won two majors in the same calendar year.


1975 PGA Championship
Through 2021, this was the fourth and most recent time a player won the Masters and PGA Championship in the same calendar year. Nicklaus had previously won both in 1963, preceded by Jack Burke Jr. (1956) and Sam Snead (1949). Nicklaus also held both titles after a Masters win in 1972, and Tiger Woods held all four major titles after his Masters win in 2001.


1975 PGA Championship
This was the third PGA Championship at the South Course, which previously hosted in 1960 and 1966. It also a former venue for the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, which began in 1976 as the "World Series of Golf" on the PGA Tour, preceded by the American Golf Classic, which debuted in 1961.


1975 PGA Tour
The 1975 PGA Tour season was played from January 9 to October 26, and consisted of 42 official money events. Jack Nicklaus won the most tournaments, five, including two majors, and there were eight first-time winners. Johnny Miller won the first two events of the year for the second year in a row (he won the first three in 1974). Art Wall Jr., the 1959 Masters champion, won in Milwaukee in July at age 51 for his first win in nine years.


1975 PGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1975 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament, usually Sunday. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1975 Pacific Coast Open
The 1975 Pacific Coast Open, also known by its sponsored name Fireman's Fund International, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts (Supreme Court) at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California in the United States. The event was part of the Grade AA category of the 1975 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 85th edition of the tournament and ran from September 22 through September 28, 1975. Arthur Ashe won the singles title and $16,000 first prize money. The total attendance for the tournament was 55,000.


1975 Pacific Coast Open, Finals, Doubles
Fred McNair /  Sherwood Stewart defeated  Allan Stone /  Kim Warwick 6–2, 7–6(7–3)


1975 Pacific Cup
The 1975 Pacific Cup was the first edition of the Pacific Cup, a rugby league tournament held between Pacific teams. The tournament was hosted by Papua New Guinea and eventually won by the New Zealand Māori side, who defeated the hosts 38-13 in the final.


1975 Pacific Cup, Background
The 1975 Pacific Cup was initiated by the New South Wales Rugby League. The tournament involved two Australian state sides as well as Papua New Guinea, who did not yet have Test match status, and the New Zealand Māori.


1975 Pacific Cup, Background
The Northern Territory were invited to participate, but had to drop out after Darwin was devastated by Cyclone Tracy.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane
The 1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane was an unusual Pacific tropical cyclone that attained hurricane status farther north than any other Pacific hurricane. It was officially unnamed, with the cargo ship Transcolorado providing vital meteorological data in assessing the storm. The twelfth tropical cyclone of the 1975 Pacific hurricane season, it developed from a cold-core upper-level low merging with the remnants of a tropical cyclone on August 31, well to the northeast of Hawaii. Convection increased as the circulation became better defined, and by early on September 2, it became a tropical storm.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane
Turning to the northeast through an area of warm water temperatures, the storm quickly strengthened, and, after developing an eye, it attained hurricane status late on September 3, while located about 1,200 miles (1,950 km) south of Alaska. After maintaining peak winds for about 18 hours, the storm rapidly weakened, as it interacted with an approaching cold front. Early on September 5, it lost its identity near the coast of Alaska.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Meteorological history
On August 26, the tropical cyclone that was once Hurricane Ilsa degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area, about 1,200 miles (1,950 km) west of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula. The remnants of Ilsa drifted northwestward through the stratocumulus cloud field in the eastern north Pacific Ocean. At the same time, a mid-tropospheric trough slowly intensified while gradually undergoing cyclogenesis to develop into a cold-core upper-level low.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Meteorological history
Early on August 31, a low-level circulation formed within the upper-level low about 930 miles (1,500 km) northeast of Hawaii; at that time, the circulation and the remnants of Ilsa were located within 370 miles (600 km) of each other. The cold-core low rapidly intensified as convection increased, and late on August 31, it absorbed the remnants of Ilsa, which influenced the development of the system. Convection steadily organized as it tracked westward, and it is estimated it transitioned into a subtropical depression by 18:00 UTC on September 1.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Meteorological history
With warm water temperatures, the system strengthened and began to develop tropical characteristics. Subsequent to the development of banding features, convection contracted and deepened over the increasingly well-defined center, and is estimated it became a tropical storm by early on September 2, while located about 685 miles (1,100 km) north of the Hawaiian island of Kauai. The storm quickly developed a central dense overcast, and by 00:00 UTC on September 3 Dvorak classifications began on the cyclone.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Meteorological history
With water temperatures of over 82 °F (28 °C), it strengthened rapidly as an approaching cold front caused it to accelerate to the northeast. An eye became apparent on satellite imagery, and the storm intensified into a hurricane at 18:00 UTC on September 3, while located about 1,170 miles (1,885 km) south of Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve in Alaska. Upon becoming a hurricane, the cyclone was small, measuring about 85 miles (140 km) in diameter.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Meteorological history
Operationally, the hurricane was not classified due to lack of ship confirmation; by the time it became a hurricane, the strongest winds reported by a ship was 40 mph (65 km/h) about 80 miles (130 km) southeast of the center. Additionally, upon developing a closed eyewall, the cyclone was beginning to interact with the frontal system to its west. However, late on September 3, a ship reported a pressure of 1003 mbar, with a 3-hour tendency increase of 13.5 mb, suggesting a minimum pressure of under 990 mbar.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Meteorological history
At the time, the storm maintained a T-number of 4.0, resulting in estimated winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and an estimated pressure of 987 mbar. Maintaining hurricane status for about 18 hours, the storm continued rapidly northeastward and weakened, due to strong wind shear from the approaching cold front. Early on September 5, it is estimated the cyclone became extratropical in the Gulf of Alaska, while located about 315 miles (510 km) southwest of Juneau, Alaska. On the same day, the circulation was rapidly absorbed by the frontal system, and the remnants quickly reached the coast of British Columbia. The remnants of the storm turned southeastward, and was last tracked definitively to a point north of Montana.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Impact and records
At 18:00 UTC on September 3, a ship named Pluvius recorded 50 mph (85 km/h) winds near the center of the storm. At 06:00 UTC on September 4, the U.S. Navy-chartered cargo ship Transcolorado recorded winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) about 120 miles (200 km), the strongest reported winds in association with the tropical cyclone; the ship also reported 27 foot (8.5 m) swells. No significant land impact occurred in association with the cyclone, and no fatalities were reported.


1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane, Impact and records
Forming at 31° N, the storm formed farther north than any other Pacific tropical cyclone at the time, though, in 2000, Tropical Storm Wene formed farther to the north. The cyclone marked the first known occurrence of a mid-Pacific upper tropospheric low developing into a tropical cyclone, though Tropical Storm Fausto in 2002 redeveloped in a similar occurrence to the hurricane. The cyclone attained hurricane status at 40° N, a record for a Pacific hurricane. Only Tropical Storm Dot in 1970, Hurricane John in 1994, Tropical Depression Guillermo in 1997, and Tropical Storm Wene in 2000 were tropical cyclones north of the latitude, of which only John was a hurricane; none maintained tropical cyclone status further north than the cyclone.


1975 Pacific Southwest Open
The 1975 Pacific Southwest Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The tournament was classified as Grade AA and was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 49th edition of the tournament and ran from September 15 through September 21, 1975. First-seeded Arthur Ashe won the singles title and the $16,000 first place prize money.


1975 Pacific Southwest Open, Finals, Doubles
Anand Amritraj /  Vijay Amritraj defeated  Cliff Drysdale /  Marty Riessen 7–6(7–3), 4–6, 6–4


1975 Pacific Tigers football team
The 1975 Pacific Tigers football team represented the University of the Pacific (UOP) in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association.


1975 Pacific Tigers football team
The team was led by head coach Chester Caddas, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins, six losses and one tie (5–6–1, 2–3 PCAA).


1975 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL
No UOP players were selected in the 1976 NFL Draft.


1975 Pacific hurricane season
The 1975 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1975, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1975, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1975. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean.


1975 Pacific hurricane season
The 1975 Pacific hurricane season was slightly above average, with 17 tropical storms forming. Of these, 9 became hurricanes, and 4 became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The only notable storms are Hurricane Olivia, which killed 30 people, caused $30 million (1975 USD) in damage, and left thousands homeless when it made landfall in October; and an unnamed hurricane that developed at very high latitude, but had no effect on land. Hurricane Denise was the strongest storm of the year. Hurricanes Lily and Katrina passed close to Socorro Island and Tropical Storm Eleanor made landfall in Mexico. Hurricane Agatha sank a ship.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary
The season began with the formation of Tropical Depression One on June 2 and ended with the extratropical transition of Tropical Storm Priscilla on November 7. No named systems formed in May, two in June, four in July, six in August, three in September, one in October, and one in November. The total length of the season, from the formation of the first depression to the dissipation of the last, was 158 days.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary
In the eastern Pacific proper (east of 140°W), sixteen tropical storms and eight hurricanes formed. Four of the hurricanes became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. These numbers are close to the long-term averages of fifteen tropical storms, nine hurricanes, and four major hurricanes. There were also four unnamed tropical depressions. The only system to enter or form in the central Pacific (between 140°W and the international dateline) was an unusual high-latitude hurricane.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary
The only systems to make landfall this year were Tropical Storm Eleanor and Hurricane Olivia. Besides these two systems, Hurricane Agatha caused the sinking of a ship carrying millions of dollars worth of cargo. Tropical Storm Eleanor caused no serious impact.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Season summary
The most devastating storm of the season was Hurricane Olivia. A late-season major hurricane, Olivia came ashore near Mazatlán. The storm killed 30 people, left around 30,000 people homeless, and caused 20 million dollars (1975 USD) in damage.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Agatha
An area of disturbed weather about 290 mi (467 km) southwest of Acapulco formed on June 1. It organized into a tropical depression the next day. After heading southwestward, it turned to the northwest and strengthened into Tropical Storm Agatha on June 2. Agatha maintained its course and steadily intensified. It reached hurricane intensity on June 3 while located about 170 mi (270 km) southwest of Zihuatanejo. Hurricane Agatha started weakening thereafter, becoming a tropical storm on June 4 and a depression on June 5. It dissipated shortly afterwards. At this time, Agatha was located about 140 mi (230 km) south of the Tres Marias Islands.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Agatha
Even though Agatha passed close to Mexico as it weakened, no impact is known to have been caused. Waves caused by Agatha did impact a ship called the Polynesian Diakan. A Greek freighter en route from Pago Pago to Terminal Island, California, the Polynesian Diakan began flooding on June 3, forcing the 32-man crew to abandon the vessel. The exact cause of the initial flooding was unknown, but was speculated to be primarily due to cargo shifting and not the weather. The crew was rescued by the United States Coast Guard. Three members required hospitalization. After being reached on June 6 by a tugboat in a salvage attempt, the vessel capsized and sank near San Clemente Island on June 7, taking its multimillion-dollar cargo of 71 containers of canned tuna with it. The reason for the sinking was unknown.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bridget
On June 27, a tropical depression formed about 575 mi (925 km) south of the tip of the Baja California Peninsula at a location atypical for tropical cyclogenesis. The depression moved generally westward, and intensified into Tropical Storm Bridget on June 28. It started accelerating as it turned towards the northwest, then west, and eventually to the southwest. Bridget weakened into a tropical depression on July 2 and dissipated the next day. It remnant circulation hung about in the area for a few more days. Bridget never came near land and thus, no deaths or damage were recorded.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carlotta
A disturbance 480 mi (772 km) south of Acapulco organized into a tropical depression on July 2. It headed generally west-northwest and steadily intensified, becoming a tropical storm later on July 2. It became a hurricane on July 3 and ultimately peaked as a Category 3 hurricane. Hurricane Carlotta was first major hurricane, Category 3 or higher, of the season. It began weakening thereafter, and was a tropical storm by July 8. Carlotta became a depression on July 10 and dissipated the next day. The hurricane did not come near land and caused no significant impact.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Denise
An unstable area developed a circulation and became a tropical depression on July 4. It headed west- northwest and became a tropical storm on July 7. The next day, it was a hurricane and turned to the west. Continuing to strengthen, it reached Category 4 intensity on July 9. This windspeed was the highest of the season. The hurricane turned to the southwest and gradually weakened. By July 11 it was nearly stationary. It then headed northwestward again and continued weakening, becoming a tropical storm on July 13. It weakened into a depression on July 14 and dissipated immediately thereafter. Denise brought winds of near-gale force to parts of Mexico, but otherwise caused no damage or casualties.