1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleanor
An area of disturbed weather developed into a tropical depression on July 10, 100 mi (160 km) south of Acapulco. As its center of circulation became more pronounced and it was upgraded into Tropical Storm Eleanor. The tropical storm moved northwestward, and later curved northward. The system made landfall near Manzanillo on July 12. It quickly dissipated. Eleanor brought 20 mph (32 km/h) winds the Manzanillo, but damage from the storm is minor due to the lack of heavy rains.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Francene
A rapidly moving squally area of disturbed weather that was moving on a northwestward path was upgraded into Tropical Depression Seven on July 27. It intensified into a tropical storm later that day. Francene turned to the west and weakened into a tropical depression on July 28. It slowly weakened and ceased to exist as a tropical cyclone on July 30. Francene's remnants persisted as a tropical disturbance for another twelve hours, before completely dissipating. This tropical cyclone caused no known impact.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Georgette
An area of disturbed weather about 800 mi (1,287 km) south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas organized a tropical depression on August 11. It was upgraded to tropical storm intensity the next day. After heading generally westward and peaking as a weak to moderate tropical storm on August 12, Georgette slowly weakened. It weakened into a depression on August 14 and underwent extratropical transition thereafter. The cyclone dissipated twelve hours later. Tropical Storm Georgette had no impact on land.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Hilary
A tropical disturbance formed on August 11 and gradually organized. The next day, an atmospheric circulation developed. Based on this, this system was classified as Tropical Depression Nine on August 13. The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm and was named Hilary. The system gradually accelerated to the northwest and reached its peak strength on August 15 with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Tropical Storm Hilary then started a gradual weakening trend. It became a depression on August 16, turned a little bit more westward, and dissipated on August 17. Hilary never came near land, and as such caused no death or damage.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ilsa
On August 18, a tropical depression formed south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec from a tropical wave that had entered the Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean. It strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. The tropical storm moved westward, and became a hurricane on August 21. Ilsa became a Category 2 hurricane on August 22. It maintained that intensity for three days as it moved out to sea. On August 25, Ilsa turned westward and rapidly weakened. It fell to tropical storm intensity on August 26. Later that day, while still maintaining winds of gale-force, Ilsa ceased being a tropical cyclone. Ilsa's remnants continued out over the open Pacific Ocean. The remains of Ilsa eventually interacted with another weather system. That triggered the development of the unnamed hurricane of August 31–September 5.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ilsa
Hurricane Ilsa caused no casualties or damage. As the unnamed hurricane formed from Ilsa's remnants, Ilsa and the latter system are unofficially the same tropical cyclone. Indeed, this year's seasonal report from the Redwood City Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center, in the Monthly Weather Review includes a brief discussion of the unnamed hurricane in the report's section on Hurricane Ilsa. Neither the Central Pacific Hurricane Center nor the official HURDAT "best track" database of tropical cyclone location and intensity data explicitly considers them the same. Hence, as far as official records matter, Ilsa and the unnamed hurricane of August 31 – September 5 are different tropical cyclones.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Jewel
On August 24, a tropical depression formed from a tropical disturbance about 250 mi (400 km) south of Acapulco. It intensified into Tropical Storm Jewel the next day. The tropical cyclone headed generally northwest and paralleled the coast of Mexico. On August 27, Jewel became a hurricane for mere six hours, the minimum possible time in HURDAT. Jewel then turned to the west, and then back to the northwest. Jewel weakened to depression strength on August 31. Tropical Depression Jewel dissipated shortly after that, although its remnants remained distinct until September 3. There was no impact.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Katrina
On August 29, an area of weather developed directly into a tropical storm, skipping the tropical depression stage. Katrina steadily intensified as it headed west-northwest, gradually turning to the northwest. It peaked in intensity on September 3 as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 130 mph (209 km/h), the second highest of the season. Katrina then headed westward and rapidly weakened. It was downgraded into a tropical storm on September 5 and a depression on September 6. The last advisory was issued on September 7 when Katrina dissipated. Although the hurricane brought Category 3-equivalent winds to Socorro Island on September 2, no damage was reported there or anywhere else.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve
A cold core low absorbed the remnant circulation of Hurricane Ilsa on August 31. Convection subsequently increased. By September 3 it was definitely a tropical cyclone as an eye slowly formed. It then became a hurricane. The hurricane rapidly headed towards the northeast and approached a frontal cyclone. By September 5 the hurricane had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone after weakening to a tropical storm. At the time it was less than 348 mi (560 km) southwest of Juneau, Alaska. The extratropical low moved southeastward, retaining its identity until it reached Montana, where it was absorbed by a front.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve
It is unknown why this hurricane went unnamed, even though it clearly met the criteria for doing so. Any statement about why is purely speculative at this point. The hurricane is the furthest north a tropical cyclone existed in the Eastern Pacific, and is also the northernmost existence for a Pacific hurricane. It was the only tropical cyclone to exist in the central Pacific this year. No damage or casualties were reported, although it did hassle a few ships.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Lily
Rain and wind reports from the Acapulco weather station suggested that a tropical depression was developing. This was confirmed on September 16 from ship reports. It intensified into a tropical storm and was named Lily. Tropical Storm Lily headed northwest in a nearly straight path. By 0000 UTC September 18, the system was a moderate tropical storm located about 160 mi (260 km) south of Manzanillo Lily was upgraded to hurricane status on the same day and eventually reached its peak strength. After passing southwest of Socorro Island, Lily weakened, becoming a storm on September 20. Lily weakened into a depression on September 21, turned to the west-southwest, and dissipated. Its remnants remained visible until September 24, when they were no longer distinct via weather satellite. On September 19, the cyclone brought hurricane-force winds to Socorro Island. No damage or casualties were reported.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Monica
In late September, three tropical disturbances moved westward across the eastern Pacific Ocean. One of them organized into a tropical depression on September 28. The next day the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Monica. The tropical storm initially headed west-northwestward and gradually curved towards the north. It reached its peak intensity of 50 mph (85 km/h) on September 29. Monica then gradually weakened. It became a tropical depression on October 1. The cyclone dissipated shortly thereafter. No impact was reported in association with Tropical Storm Monica.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nanette
On September 28, a system developed into a tropical depression, simultaneously with Tropical Storm Monica.. It headed generally westward and on September 29, 18 hours after Monica did it, strengthened into a tropical storm. Nanette continued out to sea and slowly strengthened. It peaked in windspeed of 50 mph (85 km/h) on October 3 and turned to the southwest. It then slowly weakened. On October 4, it weakened into a tropical depression and then degenerated into a disturbance that same day. No damage or deaths were reported.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Olivia
On October 22, Tropical Depression Eighteen formed from a cluster of three thunderstorms south of Mexico and then strengthened into a tropical storm. It moved northwestward initially, followed by a northeast turn. Olivia then intensified steadily. It reached Category 3 intensity and a peak of 115 mph (185 km/h) winds just before landfall. Early on October 25, Olivia moved ashore just south of Mazatlán causing major damage. Olivia destroyed 7,000 houses in the region, leaving 30,000 people homeless, and damage totaled $20 million (1975 USD, $96.2 million 2021 USD). The hurricane killed 30 people, 20 of them were from drownings in shrimp boats.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Priscilla
A nearly stationary cloudy area developed a circulation on November 2. The depression drifted north for a while before turning to the west-northwest on November 3. It intensified into a tropical storm on November 4. Priscilla then began turning to the north. However, the system failed to re-curve, instead, the tropical storm turned generally westward. The tropical storm peaked in windspeed as a 65 mph (100 km/h) high-end storm on November 5. It then turned to the northwest on a heading nearly directly at Clarion Island, but it dissipated on November 7 about 115 mi (185 km) short of landfall.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
Besides the tropical storms and hurricanes this season, there were four additional tropical depressions that did not make a landfall anywhere. Tropical Cyclone Four formed on July 2 and dissipated the next day. It was the tropical cyclone to come closest to crossing 140°W and entering the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility this year. Tropical Cyclone Thirteen formed on September 12 and lasted four days. Tropical Cyclone Seventeen formed October 16 and dissipated a day later. Tropical Cyclone Nineteen, the penultimate system of the season, formed on November 1 and dissipated the next day.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names
These names were used for storms in 1975. It is the same list used in the 1971 season. This is the last time this list was used, as modern naming began in 1978.


1975 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names
The central Pacific used names and numbers from the west Pacific's naming list. No names were used, as the one storm that formed in this area went unnamed.


1975 Pacific typhoon season
The 1975 Pacific typhoon season was one of the deadliest tropical cyclone seasons on record, with nearly 230,000 fatalities occurring during the season. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1975, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.


1975 Pacific typhoon season
Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.


1975 Pacific typhoon season
Some of the notable storms here are Typhoon Nina, which caused the Banqiao Dam flood, which resulted in approximately 229,000 people dead, and Super Typhoon June, which was the strongest storm on record with a pressure of 875 mbar, until beaten by Typhoon Tip in 1979 with 870 mbar.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems
25 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 20 became tropical storms. 14 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 3 reached super typhoon strength.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Lola (Auring)
Typhoon Lola (Auring) was a very early typhoon. It made landfall on Mindanao as a minimal typhoon on January 24 and transversed the southern Philippines as a tropical storm. Lola crossed the South China Sea before stalling in the open sea and dissipating on January 28. The typhoon caused 30 casualties from mudslides and heavy rain.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 02W
Tropical Depression 02W formed over the Philippines and crossed them before dissipating over the South China Sea.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Mamie
Tropical Storm Mamie formed north of Guam, and briefly attained tropical storm status before weakening. It then passed south of Japan as a tropical depression before dissipating just south of Korea.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Nina (Bebeng)
Nina was a short-lived but rapidly intensifying typhoon. After forming on July 30, it struck Taiwan at super typhoon intensity. It stayed a typhoon during its passage over the island, causing 25 fatalities and widespread damage. It emerged into the Formosa Strait and weakened to a tropical storm. Nina headed inland. Its moisture interacted with a cold front, causing a huge amount of rainfall. The rainfall contributed to the bursting of the Banqiao Dam, causing the deaths of at least 229,000 people.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 05W (Karing)
Tropical Depression 05W (Karing) formed east-northeast of the Philippines and traveled north then northwest before dissipating off the coast of China.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ora (Diding)
Typhoon Ora first developed as an weak circulation on August 9th. The influence of a nearby upper-level trough allowed it to intensify from a depression to a Category 1 typhoon in 30 hours. The typhoon passed Okinawa before making landfall in China near Wenzhou. It dissipated over land a few days later. Choppy seas caused by Ora sank a crowded motorboat near Leyte, killing 15 people.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Rita
Rita formed August 17 and erratically headed north and affected the Ryūkyū Islands. Rita then made landfall on Shikoku as a moderately strong Category 1 typhoon. It moved along the entire length of Japan, weakening to a depression. Rita strengthened back into a tropical storm over the Kuril Islands— an unusually northerly location— before dissipating on August 24. At least 26 deaths can be attributed to this typhoon from the heavy flooding— the worst in 10 years.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Phyllis
Phyllis struck the southern part of Japan on August 17 as a minimal typhoon, having weakened from a peak of 140 mph winds. Phyllis caused over 60 casualties, with landslides and flooding causing moderate to heavy damage.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Severe Tropical Storm Susan
Tropical Storm Susan formed far southwest of Tokyo, and slowly traveled northwards, reaching tropical storm intensity before weakening and finally dissipating on the 3rd of September at sea west of Hokkaido.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Tess
Typhoon Tess was first noted as a closed circulation on the 1st of September 600 nautical miles east-northeast of Saipan. The storm intensified over the next few days, becoming a typhoon on the 3rd. The cyclone reached its peak intensity on the 4th. Tess then weakened, losing typhoon status on the 8th, and dissipating over the Sea of Irkutsk on the 10th, being absorbed into a frontal system.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Viola (Gening)
Tropical Storm Viola formed at sea east of the Philippines and tracked northeast before dissipating four days later.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Winnie
Typhoon Winnie was first detected as a disturbance on the 5th of September, but it did not become a circulation until the 8th. Winnie tracked northwards, becoming a category 1 typhoon, but an unfavorable environment prevented it from intensifying further. It became extratropical on the 12th.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Alice (Herming)
Typhoon Alice(Not to be confused with Typhoon Alice from 1979) hit the Philippine island of Luzon, It weakened over the South China Sea then struck China and Vietnam as a tropical storm, Then it finally dissipated over Thailand.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 18W
18W dissipated near the Philippines. 18W Did not affect land.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Flossie (Neneng)
Flossie struck the extreme southern part of China at Category 1 intensity. 44 people were lost from 2 freighters sinking.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon June (Rosing)
Typhoon June was the strongest storm of the season, but it had no effect on land. At the time, June was tied for the strongest typhoon on record, and tropical cyclone worldwide, with a minimum central pressure of 875 millibars. June was also the first recorded case of a typhoon with triple eyewalls.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon June (Rosing)
Typhoon June never made landfall, but passed 230 miles west of Guam, causing severe flooding. There were no casualties, but several buildings were destroyed by the strong winds by June, and storm surge and crop damage was estimated at $300,000.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression 24W (Sisang)
A late season tropical depression affected the Philippines before turning back toward the ocean and dissipated out at sea.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, International
Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1975 was named Lola and the final one was named June.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1979 season. This is the same list used for the 1971 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.


1975 Pacific typhoon season, Season effects
This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1975. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA, the JTWC, and/or PAGASA. Peak wind speeds are in one-minute sustained standards unless otherwise noted. All damage figures will be in 1975 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.


1975 Palanca Awards
The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1975 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).


1975 Palanca Awards, Filipino division
“12 Tula” by Rolando S. Tinio“Ang Pamumuno ni Abunnawa” by Jose Carreon“Genesis at Iba pang Tula” by Rosalinda Pineda“Isang Tungkal na Alabok” by Lualhati Alvero“Nagbabalik ang Dakilang mga Gabi” by Mar. Al Tiburcio“Namimintana Ako” by Gloria Villaraza Guzman“Sino ang Bulag at Iba Pang Tula” by Alberto S. Cruz“Sunog sa Lipa at Iba Pang Tula” by Bienvenido Lumbera“Tatlong Tula” by Simon Mercado“Tsinataklipan: Ugat ng Angkan” by Victor V. Francisco


1975 Palanca Awards, Filipino division
“Buhay Batilyo” by Manuel Pambid“Isang Palabas” by Mars D. Cavestany Jr.“Kulay Rosas na Mura ang Isang Pangarap” by Bienvenido Noriega Jr.“Luha Para sa Yumao” byi Benjamin P. Pascual“Sidewalk Vendor” by Reuel Molina Aguila


1975 Palestine Cup of Nations
The 1975 Palestine Cup was the 3rd edition of the Palestine Cup of Nations, it was held in Tunisia between 19 and 28 December. Ten nations took part in the competition of which Egypt won.


1975 Pan American Games
The seventh Pan American Games were held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to October 26, 1975, exactly twenty years after the second Pan American Games were held there. It was the third major sporting event held in the Mexican capital in seven years, after the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1970 FIFA World Cup.


1975 Pan American Games, Host city election
Two cities submitted bids to host the 1975 Pan American Games that were recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization. On August 29, 1969, Santiago was selected unanimously over San Juan to host the VII Pan American Games by PASO at its 10th general assembly, held in Cali, Colombia.


1975 Pan American Games, Host city election
In 1973, Santiago dropped out from hosting, and in 1974, its replacement São Paulo did the same. Mexico City was granted the hosting rights with just 10 months to prepare.


1975 Pan American Games, Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.


1975 Pan American Games, Medal count
The medal counts for the United States, Cuba and Canada are disputed.


1975 Pan American Games medal table
The 1975 Pan American Games, officially known as the VII Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to October 26, 1975. At the Games, 3,146 athletes selected from 33 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 19 sports. Twenty-three nations earned medals during the competition, and nine won at least one gold medal.


1975 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table
The ranking in this table is based on medal counts published by several media organizations. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals won by the athletes representing a nation. (In this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.


1975 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.


1975 Paris Open
The 1975 Paris Open, also known as the Jean Becker Open,  was a Grand Prix men's tennis tournament played onindoor carpet courts. It was the 6th edition of the Paris Open (later known as the Paris Masters). It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France from 27 October through 2 November 1975. Tom Okker won the singles title.


1975 Paris Open, Finals, Singles
Tom Okker defeated  Arthur Ashe 6–3, 2–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4


1975 Paris Open, Finals, Doubles
Wojciech Fibak /  Karl Meiler defeated  Ilie Năstase /  Tom Okker 6–4, 7–6


1975 Paris Open – Doubles
Patrice Dominguez and François Jauffret were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Arthur Ashe and Bob Hewitt.


1975 Paris Open – Doubles
Wojciech Fibak and Karl Meiler won in the final of the 1975 Paris Open tennis tournament 6–4, 7–6 against Ilie Năstase and Tom Okker.


1975 Paris Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. All four seeded teams received byes to the second round.


1975 Paris Open – Singles
Brian Gottfried was the defending champion, but did not compete that year.


1975 Paris Open – Singles
Tom Okker won in the final, 6–3, 2–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4, against Arthur Ashe.


1975 Paris Open – Singles, Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.


1975 Paris–Nice
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Astur22ovi (talk | contribs) at 12:49, 9 September 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1975 Paris–Nice
The 1975 Paris–Nice was the 33rd edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 8 March to 16 March 1975. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Joop Zoetemelk of the Gan team.


1975 Paris–Roubaix
The 1975 Paris–Roubaix was the 73rd edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race and was held on 13 April 1975. The race started in Compiègne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Roger De Vlaeminck of the Brooklyn team.


1975 Paris–Tours
The 1975 Paris–Tours was the 69th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 28 September 1975. The race started in Tours and finished in Versailles. The race was won by Freddy Maertens.


1975 Pau Grand Prix
The 1975 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 19 May 1975 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Jacques Laffite, driving the Martini. Jean-Pierre Jabouille finished second and Patrick Depailler third.


1975 Peach Bowl
The 1975 Peach Bowl matched the NC State Wolfpack and the West Virginia Mountaineers.


1975 Peach Bowl, Background
A 2–2–1 ACC record made the Wolfpack finish third in the conference, but they were playing in a bowl game for the fourth straight season. The Mountaineers had been ranked for four weeks and were undefeated at 4–0 before a 39–0 loss to Penn State knocked them out of the poll, going 4–2 from that point on and playing in their first bowl game since the 1972 Peach Bowl.


1975 Peach Bowl, Game summary
Rickey Adams capped a 73-yard drive on the Wolfpack's first drive to give them an early lead. After the Wolfpack drove to the Mountaineer 10, they failed to get into the endzone, settling for a Jay Sherrill field goal to have a 10–0 lead with :53 left in the half. But West Virginia went on a quick drive and scored when Dan Kendra threw a 39-yard pass to Arthur Owens to make it 10–6 at halftime.


1975 Peach Bowl, Game summary
While driving to take the lead in the 4th, Kendra threw a pass that was juggled by two defenders, which landed in the hands of receiver Scott MacDonald to give West Virginia the lead. With 3:49 to go, the Wolfpack tried one last desperate drive at their own 11 with a new quarterback, Dave Buckley. The Wolfpack managed to get to the WVU 33 and seemed to have a chance at a tie. But Buckley was sacked on the next play, which stuck them back at the 44, and a penalty on the next play sealed their fate. Ted Brown ran for 159 yards on 21 carries for NC State. Kendra went 12 of 28 for 202 yards and two touchdowns for WVU, and was named MVP. Despite having jumped out to a 10–0 lead, NC State was shut out in the second half.


1975 Peach Bowl, Aftermath
Both coaches left for other jobs after this game, Holtz to the Jets and Bowden to Florida State. The Wolfpack went to two more bowl games in the decade. The Mountaineers did not return to a bowl game until 1981.


1975 Penn Quakers football team
The 1975 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season.


1975 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1975 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The team was coached by Joe Paterno and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.


1975 Penn State Nittany Lions football team, Post season, NFL Draft
Four Nittany Lions were drafted in the 1976 NFL Draft.


1975 Peruvian Segunda División
The 1975 Segunda División Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 6 teams. The tournament winner, Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos was promoted to the 1975 Copa Perú.


1975 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1975 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise’s 43rd in the National Football League. 1975 was the third season under head coach Mike McCormack, but became the Eagles’ ninth consecutive season without a winning record. The Eagles also missed the playoffs for a fifteenth consecutive season, a franchise record. Following the season, McCormack was fired and replaced for 1976 by Dick Vermeil.


1975 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, Player selections
The table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.


1975 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. New York Giants
The Eagles lose this game, the first of ten losses during their season.


1975 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. Washington Redskins
Eagles’ head coach Mike McCormack had called his team out for “dogging it” prior to the game.


1975 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Cincinnati Bengals
The game was featured in the beginning of the 2006 film Invincible.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire
A refinery owned by Gulf Oil Corporation in Philadelphia, located at Girard Point on the Schuylkill River in South Philadelphia, caught fire on Sunday, August 17, 1975. This incident grew into an 11-alarm fire, not brought under control until 24 hours later, and resulted in the death of eight firefighters of the Philadelphia Fire Department (PFD), injuries to 14 other firefighters, and the loss of four PFD vehicles.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire
At the height of this fire, the loss of the huge, sprawling refinery complex was regarded as a real possibility as a tremendous firestorm enveloped two storage tanks, travelled through portions of the on-site piping, and destroyed the refinery's administration building.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Before the fire
The Girard Point Refinery, built in 1905, occupied 723 acres (2.93 km2) of land located on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, from Girard Point in the south to Penrose Avenue in the north, with the ARCO Point Breeze Refinery located on the north side of Penrose Avenue and extending toward Passyunk Avenue. An elevated section of Penrose Avenue passes between the refineries site, leading to the Penrose Avenue Bridge, connecting the east and west sides of the Schuylkill River.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Before the fire
At the time of 1975 fire, the Girard Point Refinery (the refinery) produced 180,000 barrels (29,000 m3) per day of refined petroleum products.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Before the fire
Prior to August 17, 1975, the refinery had been the scene of ten extra-alarm fires since 1960. On September 9, 1960, several storage tanks were struck by lightning at the height of severe thunderstorms and resulted in an eight-alarm fire. On May 16, 1975, a six-alarm fire struck the refinery.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Before the fire
At 12:45 a.m. on the morning of Sunday, August 17, 1975, the tanker M/T Afran Neptune, tied up at one of the Gulf Refinery docks, began pumping reconstituted Venezuelan crude oil (with an additional 5 percent naphtha) into Gulf Refinery Tank No. 231. Tank No. 231, built in 1929, of riveted seam construction, had a capacity of 75,000 barrels (11,900 m3) and had recently been renovated with an internal floating roof. Within the refinery's road system, the tank was located at Avenue “Y” and 4th Street.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Before the fire
Avenue “Y” is an east-west street running parallel to and just to the north of the Penrose Avenue Bridge, while 4th Street is a north-south street running perpendicular to the Penrose Avenue Bridge and Avenue Y.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Before the fire
Located just west of Tank No. 231 was Boiler House No. 4, the site of a four-alarm fire on April 22, 1967. A brick chimney arose from Boiler House No. 4 and this stack was a familiar sight to westbound motorists on the Penrose Avenue Bridge, as the word “GULF” was painted in large, white letters.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire
Hydrocarbon vapors, emanating from Tank 231, accumulated in the area of the boiler house and were ignited by an unknown ignition source. A flame front followed the vapors back to Tank 231, causing fire at the tank's vents and an explosion within the outer shell of the stack. These events began to unfold at 5:57 a.m.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire
Shortly thereafter, a second explosion occurred within Tank 231. Burning petroleum spilled from the tank's vents into a diked area surrounding the tank. Within the diked area, a second tank (No. 114) just north of Tank 231, containing No. 6 grade fuel oil, also ignited as pipelines within the diked area began to fail. The initial explosion also damaged the pipe manifold outside of the dike wall and petroleum pouring out under pressure ignited.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 1st and 2nd alarms
At 6:04 a.m., upon receiving the report of fire from the Gulf Refinery, the Philadelphia Fire Department transmitted the refinery's fire alarm box: Box 5988, Penrose and Lanier Avenues. Upon leaving their station, Engine 60 (the assigned first-due engine company) could see fire and smoke conditions at a distance, and before arriving at the refinery, Engine 60 ordered the second alarm at 6:09 a.m.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 3rd to 6th alarms
First arriving companies had large clouds of heavy black smoke emanating from Tank No. 231, fire on top of Tank No. 114, and fire showing from the 150-foot (46 m) stack at Boiler House No. 4 . The third and fourth alarms were ordered in quick succession by Battalion Chief 1, Arthur Foley, at 6:11 a.m. and 6:14 a.m. Acting Assistant Fire Chief Dalmon Edmunds ordered the fifth alarm at 6:34 am. The sixth alarm was ordered by Fire Commissioner Joseph Rizzo at 6:52 a.m.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 3rd to 6th alarms
Over the next several hours, firefighters utilized deluge guns and master streams to cool down surrounding exposures, and applied foam directly to the burning tanks and piping in an effort to extinguish the fire. By 8:44 a.m., it appeared that the fire was well contained and the situation sufficiently stabilized to declare the fire under control.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 3rd to 6th alarms
Commissioner Rizzo remained on the firegrounds throughout the warm, muggy August day to continue to oversee the firefighting operation. Philadelphia's two foam pumpers, Engines 160 and 133, along with the Gulf Refinery's foam pumper, continued to apply foam to the burning tank, piping and manifolds. Additional foam was acquired throughout the day from the fire department's warehouse and the nearby Atlantic Richfield refinery. It was also obtained from the National Foam Company in West Chester, Pennsylvania.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 3rd to 6th alarms
However, as the firefighting operation progressed, it became apparent that the refinery's sewage system was not up to the task of properly draining the foam, water and petroleum-naphtha product mixture that was accumulating on the ground along Avenue Y, between 4th Street and 5th Street to the east, running in front of the refinery's administration building. These drainage problems were further exacerbated by a decision by refinery personnel to shut off drainage pumps. These pumps were shut off as part of a decision to de-energize overhead power lines that ran adjacent to Tank 231 along 4th Street. As the liquid mixture continued to build up in Avenue Y, Engines 16 and 40 were sent to Avenue Y and 5th Street to draft from a sewer intake and pump the material to a diked area some distance away.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, Additional ignition
Engine 133 was set up on the east side of Tank No. 231 at Avenue “Y” at 4th Street, applying foam to the tank. Three members were attending to the apparatus and wading in the foam-water-petroleum mixture which was accumulating on the ground. Commissioner Rizzo and Gulf Refinery manager Jack Burk were on an overhead catwalk nearby observing the fire-fighting operation. Without warning, and in full view of Commissioner Rizzo and Burk, the accumulating liquid surrounding Engine 133 ignited, immediately trapping the three firefighters working at Engine 133. Without hesitation, other nearby firefighters dove into the burning liquid to rescue their comrades, not aware of the danger to themselves. Five more firefighters would be consumed by the advancing fire.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 7th to 9th alarms
It was now 4:41 p.m. and a firestorm was developing as the fire quickly spread eastward along Avenue “Y” towards 5th Street. Viewing the unfolding horror before him, Commissioner Rizzo ordered the seventh and eighth alarms, five additional rescue squads, and the recall of all companies which had previously been released from the firegrounds throughout the day. The burned firefighters were loaded into the Gulf Refinery Ambulance which roared past Rescue 7 – a mobile intensive care squad and the first apparatus to arrive on the scene after the liquid reignited.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 7th to 9th alarms
Firemedics in Rescue 7 took up a position behind an expressway pillar but found the position untenable due to the excessive heat from the fire. The apparatus was moved to the road East of the expressway and found the Gulf Fire chief on the ground suffering from a heart attack. As Rescue 7 treated the Gulf Fire chief the Administration building ignited from the heat and became fully involved in fire. At 4:46 p.m., Commissioner Rizzo ordered the ninth alarm and notification of Philadelphia Managing Director Hillel Levinson as a major disaster was now unfolding at the Gulf Refinery.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 7th to 9th alarms
As the fire swept eastward along 5th Street, Philadelphia's foam pumpers, Engines 160 and 133, and the Gulf Refinery foam pumper were destroyed in the fire's advance. At 5th Street, where Engines 16 and 40 had been assigned to improve drainage, their pieces were also destroyed in the fire's path, although their pump operators were able to escape. Upon reaching 5th Street, the fire traveled two city blocks north along 5th Street, threatening four additional storage tanks and the 125-foot (38 m) Penrose Avenue Bridge.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 10th alarm and unrelated 3-alarm fire
At 5:37 p.m., Commissioner Rizzo ordered the tenth alarm as the fire was then traveling southward and engulfing the refinery's administration building, which was located on the south side of Avenue “Y” between 4th and 5th Streets. The tenth alarm companies were ordered to report to Gate 24 at Penrose and Lanier Avenues, to set up deluge guns then remove themselves from the area.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 10th alarm and unrelated 3-alarm fire
As the tenth alarm was being requested, the burden on the city's firefighting personnel was exacerbated by a box alarm transmitted for a fire in a paper warehouse 8.6 miles (13.8 km) away at “F” Street and Erie Avenue in North Philadelphia. Upon arrival, Chief Edward Hampson, Battalion Chief 10, had heavy fire in a three-story, former printing company now being used for paper storage. The second alarm was ordered at 6:07 p.m., followed by a special call for three additional engine companies at 7:18 p.m. Assistant Fire Chief James Skala, who had been at the New Jersey shore, returned to the City and assumed command of operations.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 11th alarm
As the situation continued to deteriorate at the Gulf Refinery, Commissioner Rizzo ordered all of the “D” platoon members from the day shift held over, and at 6:01 p.m., he ordered the 11th alarm. By seven o’clock, the involved tanks and pipelines were gushing flames and nearby streets in the complex were burning streams of oil and other petroleum products.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 11th alarm
For a period of time, it was far from certain where the fire would be stopped. Burk was quoted as saying that contingency plans had been made for a retreat through the refinery, street by street, tank by tank. But far from retreating, the men of the Philadelphia Fire Department attacked, retaking 5th Street, 4th Street, and finally Avenue Y. At 1:00 a.m. on Monday, August 18, 1975, Commissioner Rizzo left the firegrounds, going to area hospitals to visit the injured firefighters and to the homes of the families of the members who were unaccounted for. He relinquished command to Deputy Fire Commissioner Harry T. Kite.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 11th alarm
A second tank, 239, storing naphtha, was also involved in the fire. This tank was located on 4th Street just north of Avenue “Y.” On Monday morning, naphtha was pouring out of a 12-inch (300 mm) pipe in that tank and igniting in mid-air. The naphtha was burning in the street in an ever-widening pool. To curtail this fire, it was determined that the valve, hidden behind an earthen levee at the rear of the tank, about 100 feet (30 m) from the burning naphtha, needed to be closed. Three Gulf employees volunteered to attempt to close the valve.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, 11th alarm
Using an aluminum boat, they waded through the material contained within the dike surrounding the tank. Firefighters placed a water curtain over them as they kept moving forward to reach the valve. They successfully reached the valve, spun it shut, and took the time to tighten it with a wrench. This operation took five minutes.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, Under control and (later) Fire out
Just minutes short of a full 24 hours after the fire started, Deputy Commissioner Kite declared the fire under control (but still burning) at 5:38 a.m. on Monday, August 18, 1975.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, The fire, Under control and (later) Fire out
A decision was made to allow the fire in the original tank, Tank  231, to burn itself out, and the fire was not declared extinguished until Tuesday, August 26, 1975. However, in the intervening week, box alarms were transmitted for “flare-ups” on four occasions to assist the fireground details that continued to work on the fire.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Casualties
By the morning of Monday, August 18, 1975, the cost to PFD personnel was confirmed. Six firefighters were killed and two were severely burned – and would die in the next few days – from the flare-up that occurred on Sunday afternoon. Fourteen other firefighters were burned and/or injured in their attempts to rescue the men caught in the flare-up.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Cause of fire
The original cause of the fire was the overfilling of Tank 231. While no crude oil escaped from the tank as a result of being overfilled, large quantities of hydrocarbon vapors were trapped above the surface of the tank's crude oil. As the quantity of crude oil increased, these hydrocarbon vapors were forced out of the tank's vents and into the area of the No. 4 Boiler House where the initial flash occurred.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Cause of fire
The overfilling of the tank, in turn, resulted from a failure of the tanker's personnel to properly monitor the quantity of crude oil being pumped to the tank. At approximately 6:02 a.m. in the wake of the first explosions and fire, the tanker terminated its pumping operations, left its Schuylkill River berth and relocated downstream to the Gulf piers at Hog Island, near the junction of the Schuylkill with the Delaware River.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, October 1975 9-alarm fire
Two months after the disaster, another 9 alarm fire broke out at the nearby ARCO refinery. On site this time, in addition to Fire Commissioner Rizzo, was Philadelphia Mayor Frank Rizzo, the commissioner's brother. As with the August fire, the October fire was eventually deemed under control when a sudden flare up sent many of the firefighters and media scrambling for cover. Mayor Rizzo was knocked over by his bodyguard and suffered a severely broken right femur, which required surgery.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Aftermath
In July 1977, Gulf was fined $37,000 ($156,000 today) on charges covering more than 100 violations of the Philadelphia fire code.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Aftermath
In August 2007, about 200 people gathered at the Fireman's Hall Museum in Philadelphia as International Association of Fire Fighters President Harold Shaitberger unveiled individual plaques honoring the firefighters lost in the refinery disaster.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Aftermath
In 1982, following the merger of Gulf Oil and Chevron Corporation, the Gulf Girard Point refinery became the Chevron USA Philadelphia refinery. In 1994, Sunoco purchased the refinery from Chevron, merging it with the adjoining Point Breeze refinery complex (which Sunoco purchased in 1988) into a single operation—the largest on the U.S. Eastern seaboard. In 2012, Sunoco and investment firm The Carlyle Group formed the Philadelphia Energy Solutions (PES) partnership, to own and operate the refinery complex, renamed PES Philadelphia Refining Complex.


1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire, Further reading
Somebody's Got To do It by Fr. John Bankhead 2014, Gypsy Press


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 1975 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 93rd in the history of the franchise. The Phillies finished in second place in the National League East with a record of 86–76, 61⁄2 games behind the NL East champion Pittsburgh Pirates. As a result, the Phillies had their first winning season in eight years.


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Return of Dick Allen
Early in the 1975 season, Phillies general manager Paul Owens wanted a righthanded power hitter and a first baseman with more power than Tommy Hutton, a left-handed contact hitter. Both Mike Schmidt and Dave Cash lobbied Owens to acquire Dick Allen. Allen had to be persuaded by several of his future teammates that both the organizational and racial climate in Philadelphia had changed for the better since his 1969 departure from the team.


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Return of Dick Allen
On May 4, the Phillies traded their first baseman Willie Montañez to the Giants for Garry Maddox which provided a bat for the outfield and opened first for Allen. The Phillies acquired Allen three days later on May 7, 1975.


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Return of Dick Allen
Fans welcomed Allen's return. On May 14, 1975, 30,908 fans came to Veterans Stadium for Allen's return to Philadelphia and saw Steve Carlton shut out Cincinnati by the score of 4 to 0. Allen played first base, batted fifth between Greg Luzinski and Mike Schmidt and was given a standing ovation when he stepped into the batter's box in a Phillies uniform for the first time since the final game of the 1969 season. Allen lined a two-out single to center, prompting another standing ovation.


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Philadelphia mayoral election
The Philadelphia mayoral election of 1975 saw the reelection of Frank Rizzo.


1975 Philadelphia mayoral election
Rizzo defeated African American leader Charles W. Boweser, who led an independent campaign, and Republican nominee Tom Foglietta.


1975 Philippine Kabataang Barangay election
The Kabataang Barangay elections (KB) were held on May 1, 1975 in which about 3 million Filipino youths aged 15 to 18 years old participated. Each Barangay in the Philippines is mandated by law to have its own chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan in which the members elect their officers called as the Kabataang Barangay.


1975 Philippine Kabataang Barangay election
The Kabataang Barangay was created on April 15, 1975 by virtue of . The decree provided for the organization of KB units in the 42,000 barangays all over the country with the purpose of giving the youth a definite role in community affairs and "ample opportunities to express their views that a complete cross-section of the will of the populace could be determined, thereby providing them a more democratic and popular basis for the legislation and/or other governmental operations."


1975 Philippine Kabataang Barangay election
The Kabataang Barangay is the youth legislature in every local village or community. It also initiates policies, programs and projects for the development of youth in their respective political territories. The Chairman of the Kabataang Barangay acts as the Chief Executive of the Sanggunian (Council) while the Kagawad (Councilor) as the legislative council. The Kagawads approve resolutions of the Sanggunian and appropriates the money allotted to the council, a share in the revenue of the Barangay.


1975 Philippine Kabataang Barangay election
The Chairman automatically sits in the Barangay as ex officio member. He automatically gets chairmanship of the Committee on Youth and Sports, one of the standing committees in the village council. Every Kabataang Barangay is then federated into municipal and city federations, then city and municipal federations are federated into a provincial federation.


1975 Philippine Kabataang Barangay election
The KB Chairman represents the barangay in the municipal or city federation. The presidents of the city and municipal federation presidents becomes member of the provincial federation and the provincial federation president. The presidents of highly urbanized and independent component cities composed the membership in the national federation and elect the national federation president who automatically sits in the Ministry of the Kabataang Barangay as ex officio member of the commission.


1975 Philippine Kabataang Barangay election
Except national federation, each level of the federation form municipal, city to provincial is governed by the Local Executive Committee composed mostly of the seven regularly elected officers of the federation.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections
Sangguniang Bayan elections for the Barangay Representatives to represent them in the Pambansang Sangguiniang Bayan (National Board) on December 10, 1975 after the enactment of  signed by President Ferdinand Marcos on November 14, 1975 also were allowed to seat as members/kagawads of the Batasang Bayan.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Membership in the Sangguiniang Bayan
In the provinces, the Sangguniang Bayan shall be composed of the incumbent members of the existing provincial boards, including the vice-governors (all of whom shall become members of the Sanggunian upon promulgation of this Decree and until December 31, 1975) and a representative from each of the municipalities within the territorial jurisdiction of the province and the President of the Katipunan ng Mga Kabataang Barangay in the province.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Membership in the Sangguiniang Bayan
The representative from each of the municipalities in the Sanggunian shall be chosen by and among the members of the Sangguniang Bayan in these municipalities.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Membership in the Sangguiniang Bayan
In the cities and municipalities, it shall be composed of the members of the existing municipal or city councils, including the vice-mayors (who shall become members of the Sangguniang Bayan upon the promulgation of this Decree and until December 31, 1975) and as many barangay captains and representatives from other sectors of the community as there are members of the existing city or municipal board or council to be appointed by the President or his duly authorized representative, upon the recommendation of the local unit concerned, through the Secretary of Local Government and Community Development and the President of the Katipunan ng Mga Kabataang Barangay in the city or municipality.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Membership in the Sangguiniang Bayan
The provincial governors, city or municipal mayors shall be presiding officers of the Sangguniang Bayan in their province, city or municipality.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Membership in the Sangguiniang Bayan
Each Sangguniang Bayan shall prescribe with the approval of the Secretary of Local Government and Community Development, the number of regular or special sessions it holds; the frequency of which shall be based on the necessity therefor. The meetings of the Sangguniang Bayan shall, unless impracticable, be open to the public.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Membership in the Sangguiniang Bayan
Except as herein provided, the Sangguniang Bayan shall exercise the powers, duties and functions now vested in the provincial boards, city councils and municipal councils, as the case may be.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Barangay elections
Elections for the barangay representatives to represent them in the Pambansang Sangguiniang Bayan (National Board) on December 10, 1975 after the enactment of  signed by President Ferdinand Marcos on November 14, 1975 also were allowed to seat as members/kagawads of the Batasang Bayan.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Sectoral elections
Elections for the some 6,000 Sectoral Representatives to represent the four major sectoral groups (Agriculture, Capital-Industrial, Labor and Professionals) in the Pambansang Sangguiniang Bayan (National Board) on December 14, 1975 also were allowed to seat as members/kagawads of the Batasang Bayan.


1975 Philippine Sangguniang Bayan elections, Local elections
Elections for the 1,387 representatives to represent in the 75 Provincial Sangguniang Bayans (Provincial, Municipal and City Boards) on December 23, 1975 also were allowed to seat as members/kagawads of the Batasang Bayan.


1975 Philippine executive and legislative powers referendum
A national referendum was called for February 27–28, 1975 where the majority of the barangays voted approved the following:


1975 Phillip Island 500K
The 1975 Phillip Island 500K was an endurance race for Touring Cars complying with CAMS Group C regulations. The event was held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 23 November 1975. Race distance was 106 laps of the 4.73 km circuit for a race distance of 501 km.


1975 Phillip Island 500K
There were 48 starters in the event, which event was the fifth and final round of the 1975 Australian Manufacturers' Championship.


1975 Phillip Island 500K
The race was won by Peter Brock driving for the Gown-Hindhaugh team continuing a run of good results since Brock had left the Holden Dealer Team the previous year. Brock took a four lap win over fellow Holden Torana racer Allan Grice. Attrition bit heavily into a field low on strength in the faster cars that competed at other Australian Manufacturers' Championship events, to the point that a well driven race by the Ford Escort RS2000 of Jim Murcott and Rod Stevens brought them third place, five laps behind Brock.


1975 Philta International Championships
The 1975 Philta International Championships was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor hard courts in Manila, Philippines. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 27 October through 2 November 1975. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized in Group A. Ross Case won the singles title and the $12,000 first prize money.


1975 Philta International Championships, Finals, Singles
Ross Case defeated  Corrado Barazzutti 6–3, 6–1It was Case's 1st singles title of the year and the 4th of his career.


1975 Philta International Championships, Finals, Doubles
Ross Case /  Geoff Masters defeated  Syd Ball /  Kim Warwick 6–1, 6–2


1975 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship
The 1975 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship was the 12th World Match Play Championship. It was played from Thursday 9 to Saturday 11 October on the West Course at Wentworth. Eight players competed in a straight knock-out competition, with each match contested over 36 holes. The champion received £10,000 out of a total prize fund of £30,000. In the final, defending champion Hale Irwin beat Al Geiberger 4 & 2.


1975 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship, Prize money
The winner received £10,000, the runner-up £5,000, the losing semi-finalists £3,500 and the first round losers £2,000, making a total prize fund of £30,000.


1975 Piccadilly bombing
On Thursday 9 October 1975, a bomb attack just outside Green Park Underground station in the City of Westminster, London, left one man dead and injured 20 others. The attack was carried out by volunteers from the Provisional IRA's Balcombe Street Gang. The attack occurred during a period of heightened activity by the IRA in England and in particular London and surrounding areas, since the Caterham Arms pub bombing two months earlier in August 1975.


1975 Piccadilly bombing, Background
In March 1973 the Provisional IRA bombed England for the first time when they bombed the Old Bailey courthouse in the centre of London, killing one person and injuring over 200.


1975 Piccadilly bombing, Background
During summer 1974 the IRA launched a string of attacks in England, which included a letter bomb campaign and the bombing of Westminster Hall. In October 1974 a new, more intense bombing campaign was launched in England by the IRA Active Service Unit known as the Balcombe Street gang.


1975 Piccadilly bombing, Background
In February 1975 the IRA agreed to a long term truce with the British government. The truce officially lasted until January 1976, but the IRA broke the truce on 27 August 1975 when they bombed a pub in Caterham, Surrey injuring over 30 people. A month before the bombing outside Green Park station, the IRA unit bombed the Hilton Hotel in London on 5 September 1975 which killed two people and injured over 60 others.


1975 Piccadilly bombing, The bombing
At around 21:00 GMT on 9 October 1975, a bomb thrown at a bus stop just outside Green Park Underground station exploded, killing a homeless man (23-year-old Graham Ronald Tuck), who died of a heart attack after suffering severe head and chest injuries. 20 other people, including two children, were injured; the majority of the injuries were the result of flying glass hitting passers-by. The force of the blast threw pedestrians off their feet, shattered shop windows across the road and blew cars onto the pavement.


1975 Piccadilly bombing, The bombing
The station had not been the original target, the bomber was constructing a bomb in the toilet of the Ritz Hotel London when he heard noises that startled him; he ran out of the hotel and threw the bomb at the station a few yards across the road and jumped into his getaway car.


1975 Piccadilly bombing, The bombing
The attack occurred almost exactly one year after the Guildford pub bombings in October 1974. The force of the explosion threw cutlery and glassware from the dining tables in the Ritz Hotel. Customers escaped injury because the main restaurant, which bore the brunt of the blast, had been emptied to make way for a wedding reception earlier that day.


1975 Piccadilly bombing, Aftermath
The IRA's bombing campaign in London would continue their campaign killing several more people and injuring dozens more in bomb and gun attacks. The worst of these was the bombing at Walton's restaurant in November which killed two people and injured over 20 others. The active service unit was caught at the siege of Balcombe Street in December 1975 ending its campaign in London.


1975 Piedmontese regional election
The Piedmontese regional election of 1975 took place on 15 June 1975. Ten new seats were added to the Regional Council following the 1971 census.


1975 Piedmontese regional election, Events
Christian Democracy resulted narrowly behind the Italian Communist Party, which was the real winner of the election.


1975 Piedmontese regional election, Events
After the election, the Italian Socialist Party, which had been a junior partner in the Christian Democrat-led regional government since 1970, switched sides and formed a coalition with the Communists (Frontism). The new regional government, composed of Communists and Socialists, was led by Socialist Aldo Viglione. Piedmont was thus the first and only Region of the North, along with neighbouring Liguria, to have a left-wing government.


1975 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1975 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. The Panthers won the Sun Bowl.


1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 94th in the history of the franchise and their 89th in the National League. The Pirates' 92–69 record was good enough to win their fifth National League East title in six seasons by 61⁄2 games over their cross-state rivals, the Philadelphia Phillies. The Pirates, however, lost the National League Championship Series to the Cincinnati Reds, three games to none.


1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1975 Pittsburgh Pirates season, National League Championship Series
The Cincinnati Reds defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates, 3 games to 0.


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season
The 1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 43rd in the National Football League. They would be the second championship team in club history. This Steelers team entered the beginning of the season as defending champions for the first time in their 40-year history. The team was led by a dominating defense and a quick offense, and won Super Bowl X over the Dallas Cowboys, 21-17. The 1975 Steelers had one of the greatest defensive teams of all time. The team posted their best defensive numbers since 1946, and scored more points than any other Steelers team to that point, up until it came time for the 2010 NFL season, beating the 1975 squad by 2 points.


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season
In 2007, the 1975 Steelers were ranked as the 7th greatest Super Bowl champions on the NFL Network's documentary series America's Game: The Super Bowl Champions, with team commentary from Lynn Swann, Dwight White, and Mike Wagner, and narrated by Bruce Willis. The 1975 Steelers' +211 point differential stands as the best in franchise history. They won by at least 21 points 6 times, with their season superlative 37-0 shutout win in their opening game.


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Preseason
During the preseason, the Steelers acquired undrafted free-agent, John Banaszak. The Defensive tackle from Eastern Michigan played in three games and later became the 1975 Team ROY (Rookie of the Year).


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1
In the Week 1 game, the Steelers opened the season as defending champions, and crushed the Chargers, 37-0, in San Diego. (1-0)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 2
In Week 2, the Steelers, coming off a crushing defeat of the Chargers in Week 1, came to play revenge eager Buffalo in Pittsburgh. The Bills had been beaten the previous year by the Steelers in the playoffs, 32-14. Chuck Noll had warned the team the previous week that the team did not play very well, however, the players ignored him and were beaten by a 227-yard-rushing day by RB O.J. Simpson, 30-21. (1-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 3
In this Week 3 matchup, the Steelers would be hosted by the Cleveland Browns. These two teams had already been established as one of the league's best rivalries by this time, and Joe Greene's infamous kicking of the Browns lineman Bob McKay only fueled the rivalry. The fight that broke out afterwards caught it on fire. Greene was later fined $500 while the Steelers beat the Browns, 42-6. (2-1) This was the first of eleven consecutive victories for the Steelers.


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4
In Week 4, the Steelers beat the Denver Broncos in Three Rivers, 20-9. (3-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 5
In Week 5, the Steelers crushed Chicago, 34-3. Three weeks after the Steelers were beaten by Buffalo, the team was 4-1, and had allowed only 18 points during the last three weeks while scoring 99. (4-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6
In Week 5, the Packers would host the Steelers in Milwaukee, however, the tense battle ended in Pittsburgh's favor, 16-13. (5-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7
In Week 7, the Steelers played the Bengals in Riverfront Stadium and beat up the Bengals, 30-24. (6-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 8
In this heated Week 8 battle, the Steelers would play host to the Houston Oilers. Pittsburgh sealed the win with a 4th quarter touchdown pass from #12 Terry Bradshaw to #82 John Stallworth that placed them at the top of the division. (7-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 9
In Week 9, the Steelers beat the Chiefs, 28-3. (8-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10
In Week 10, the Steelers defeated the Oilers again, this time in Houston 32-9, and secured a playoff spot. (9-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 11
In Week 11, the Steelers beat the Jets 20-7. (10-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12
In another defeat of Cleveland in Week 13, 31-17, the Steelers continued their winning streak to 10. (11-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13
In Week 13, the Steelers finished the sweep of the division by beating the Bengals again, 35-14. (12-1)


1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 14
In the meaningless Week 14 game, the Steelers were beaten by Los Angeles, 10-3. (12-2)


1975 Pittwater state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Pittwater on 8 February 1975. The election was triggered by the retirement of the Premier Sir Robert Askin (Liberal).


1975 Pittwater state by-election
The Lane Cove by-election was held on the same day.


1975 Pontins Professional
The 1975 Pontins Professional was the second edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament which took place in May 1975 in Prestatyn, Wales.


1975 Pontins Professional
The tournament featured eight professional players. The quarter-final and semi-final matches were contested over the best of 13 frames, and the final was the best of 19 frames.


1975 Pontins Professional
Ray Reardon won the event, beating John Spencer 10–4 in the final.


1975 Portland Timbers season
The 1975 Portland Timbers season was the inaugural season for the Portland Timbers, an expansion team in the now-defunct North American Soccer League. In the Timbers first year of existence, the club won the Western Division title while amassing more points than any other club in the league. In the playoffs, the Timbers needed overtime to get past the Seattle Sounders and then defeated the St. Louis Stars en route to a berth in Soccer Bowl '75. Portland lost the championship game 2–0 to fellow expansion side Tampa Bay Rowdies at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California on August 24.


1975 Portland Timbers season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1975 Portland Timbers season, North American Soccer League, Regular season, Western Division standings
Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = PointsSource:


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were carried out in Portugal on 25 April 1975, exactly one year after the Carnation Revolution. The election elected all 250 members of the Portuguese Constituent Assembly.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election
It was the first free election held in Portugal since 1925, and only the seventh free election in all of Portuguese history. Turnout was a record 91.66 percent, which remains (as of 2020) the highest ever in any Portuguese democratic elections (General, Regional, Local or European).


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election
The main aim of the election was the election of a Constituent Assembly, in order to write a new constitution to replace the Estado Novo regime's authoritarian Constitution of 1933 and so this freely-elected parliament had a single-year mandate and no government was based on parliamentary support; the country continued to be governed by a military-civilian provisional administration during the deliberations of the Constituent Assembly.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election
The election was won by the Socialist Party. The Social Democratic Party (then known as the Democratic People's Party, PPD) was the second-most voted party, defending a project that it would soon abandon, social democratic centrism, the Portuguese "Social-Democracy" becoming the major right-wing party in the country a few years after. The parliament had a large majority of parties defending socialist or "democratic socialist" ideas and the Constitution, approved one year after, reflected such influence. The Portuguese Communist Party achieved a surprisingly low total, considering the overwhelming support in the south of the country and the radical turn to the left of the revolutionary process after the failed fascist coup, one month before.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election
With the PPD's shift away from the left and towards the right coming after this election, the only right-of-centre party elected was the CDS, which received 7.6 percent of the vote and 16 seats.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Background
The previous parliamentary elections were held on October 28, 1973, still under the authoritarian rule of the Estado Novo (New State). The People's National Action (ANP), the single party of the president of the council Marcelo Caetano had won the all 150 deputies of the National Assembly, with a participation rate of 66.5% of registered.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Background
On April 25, 1974, the Carnation Revolution, initiated by the captains of the Armed Forces Movement (MFA), ended the authoritarian regime established in 1932 by António de Oliveira Salazar. After the revolutionary forces proclaimed victory, the National Salvation Junta, presided by General António de Spínola, takes over the position of Head of State and Government.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Background
With political parties once again legal, the Socialist Party (PS) leader, Mário Soares, and the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) Secretary General, Álvaro Cunhal, return to Portugal less than a week later. In addition, the members of the "liberal wing" of the ANP, favorable to a democratization of the "Estado Novo" before its fall, found the Democratic People's Party (PPD) which claimed to be social democratic.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Background
At the end of three weeks, Spínola takes the oath as President of the Republic, and nominates Adelino da Palma Carlos Prime Minister as the head of the 1st provisional government where civil and military members plus independent, socialists, social democrats and communists were also part of.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Background
As early as July 18, Vasco Gonçalves, a military man seen as very close to the Communist Party, replaces Palma Carlos as head of the government. After this, the first party that doesn't claim to be from the left or the center-left appears, the Democratic and Social Center (CDS), which says to be an advocate to Christian democracy and liberalism.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Background
Barely two and a half months later, after failing to carry out a counter-revolution, Spínola resigns as President of the Republic and is replaced by General Francisco da Costa Gomes, his deputy in the National Salvation Junta. On March 19, 1975, President Costa Gomes officially calls an election to elect members to write a new Constitution.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Electoral system
The electoral system adopted, set by the electoral law approved on November 15, 1974, establishes the election of members of parliament by proportional representation according to the D'Hondt method, known to benefit the parties that come first.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Electoral system
The law fixes the number of one deputy per 25,000 inhabitants and one more per fraction of 12,500. Deputies were elected in twenty-three constituencies, namely the eighteen metropolitan districts, Horta, Ponta Delgada, Angra do Heroísmo, Funchal, Mozambique, Macau, and the rest of the world.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Electoral system
In application of these provisions, 250 seats were to be filled.


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Electoral system
For these elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:


1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, Parties
The table below lists the major parties that contested the elections:


1975 Pot Black
The 1975 Pot Black was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which was held in the Pebble Mill Studios in Birmingham, and featured eight professional players. All matches were one-frame shoot-outs.


1975 Pot Black
Broadcasts were on BBC2 and started at 19:50 on Saturday 4 January 1975  Alan Weeks presented the programme with Ted Lowe as commentator and Sydney Lee as referee.


1975 Pot Black
Dennis Taylor made his debut in this year's tournament and went on to reach the final losing to defending champion Graham Miles 81-27  making him the third player in a row to win back to back titles after John Spencer and Eddie Charlton.


1975 Prague Skate
The International Figure Skating Competition was held in November 14–16, 1975. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles and ladies' singles.


1975 Preakness Stakes
The 1975 Preakness Stakes was the 100th running of the $210,000 Grade 1 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 17, 1975, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Master Derby, who was jockeyed by Darrel McHargue, won the race by one length over runner-up Foolish Pleasure. Approximate post time was 5:40 p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:56-2/5. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 75,216, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1975.


1975 President's Cup Football Tournament
The 1975 President Park's Cup Asian Football Tournament (Korean: 제5회 박대통령컵 쟁탈 아시아축구대회) was the fifth competition of Korea Cup. The competition was held from 10 to 22 May 1975, and was won by South Korea for the third time, who defeated Burma in the final.


1975 Primera División de Chile
The 1975 Campeonato Nacional de Futbol Profesional was Chilean top tier's 43rd season. Unión Española was the tournament's champion, winning its fourth title.


1975 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1975 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. Princeton finished fifth in the Ivy League.


1975 Princeton Tigers football team
In their third year under head coach Robert Casciola, the Tigers compiled a 4–5 record but outscored opponents 163 to 157. Edward E. Sheridan was the team captain.


1975 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton's 3–4 conference record placed fifth in the Ivy League standings. The Tigers outscored Ivy opponents 132 to 128.


1975 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.


1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 5 October 1975. It was the 54th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.


1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The winner was Waldemar Zeitelhack's Star Appeal, a five-year-old horse trained in West Germany by Theo Grieper and ridden by  Greville Starkey. The owner, trainer and jockey were all recording their first success in the race. Star Appeal was the first German-trained horse to win the Arc. Star Appeal started at odds of 119/1, the longest ever recorded for a winner of the race.


1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, The contenders
In French racing, horses in the same ownership are usually "coupled" and treated as a single entry for betting purposes. The favourite for the race was the five-year-old mare Allez France, winner of the race in 1974. The other leading French contenders included the three-year-olds Ivanjica, (winner of the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches and Prix Vermeille) and Green Dancer (Observer Gold Cup, Poule d'Essai des Poulains), who were coupled in the betting as both were owned by Jacques Wertheimer and trained by Alec Head.


1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, The contenders
Nelson Bunker Hunt was represented by the multiple Group One winner Dahlia and the three-year-old filly Nobiliary, the winner of the Prix Saint Alary and runner-up in the Epsom Derby. The most fancied of the international challengers were the British colt Bruni, winner of the St Leger Stakes, and the Italian-trained four-year-old Duke of Marmalade. The United States was represented by the Hollywood Derby winner Intrepid Hero, and West Germany sent Star Appeal, an Irish-bred five-year-old who had won the Eclipse Stakes in July. Allez France headed the betting at odds of 1.75/1, with Green Dancer/Ivanjica on 3.25/1, Bruni on 4.5/1, Nobiliary/Dahlia on 8.75/1 and Duke of Marmalade on 9.5/1. Star Appeal started the complete outsider of the twenty-four runners at odds of 119/1.


1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, The race
Citoyen went to the front soon after the start with Olmeto in second. Nobilary, Dahlia, Carolus, Un Kopeck and Allez France were also in contention in the early stages. At half distance the field bunched and there was a good deal of bumping and interference. Dahlia stumbled and lost any chance, whilst Allez France also lost ground. Nobiliary led the field into the straight ahthe ead of Un Kopeck, Kasteel, Bruni and Duke of Marmalade.


1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, The race
Comtesse de Loir produced a strong run along the rail to head Nobiliary but was immediately overtaken by Star Appeal who burst through "like greased lightning" having been among the back markers for most of the way. In the final 100 metres, Star Appeal drew away to win by three lengths from another fast-finishing outsider On My Way. Comtesse de Loir was another two and a half lengths back in third, followed by Un Kopeck, Allez France, Nobiliary, Bruni and Green Dancer.


1975 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, Full result
* Abbreviations: ns = nose; shd = short-head; hd = head; snk = short neck; nk = neck


1975 Prize of Moscow News
The 1975 Prize of Moscow News was the tenth edition of an international figure skating competition organized in Moscow, Soviet Union. It was held November 26–30, 1975. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing.


1975 Pro Bowl
The 1975 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 25th annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1974 season. The game was played on Monday, January 20, 1975, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The final score was NFC 17, AFC 10. James Harris of the Los Angeles Rams was named the game's Most Valuable Player.


1975 Pro Bowl
Attendance at the game was 26,484. John Madden of the Oakland Raiders coached the AFC while the NFC was led by the Los Angeles Rams' Chuck Knox. The referee for the game was Dick Jorgensen. It was the first of five straight Pro Bowls played on ABC's Monday Night Football package.


1975 Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prizes for 1975, the 59th annual prizes, were ratified by the Pulitzer Prize advisory board on April 11, 1975, and by the trustees of Columbia University on May 5.


1975 Pulitzer Prize
For the first time, the role of accepting or rejecting recommendations of the advisory board was delegated by the trustees to the university's president, William J. McGill; the change was prompted by the desire of the trustees to distance themselves from the appearance of approval of controversial awards based on work involving what some considered to be illegal leaks, such as the 1972 Pulitzer Prize awarded for the publication of the Pentagon Papers.


1975 Pulitzer Prize
It was also the first year that the prize for editorial cartooning went to a comic strip artist (Garry Trudeau, writer/artist of Doonesbury), and the first year that a film critic won a Pulitzer (Roger Ebert). Dumas Malone, 83, become the prize's oldest recipient.


1975 Pulitzer Prize, Journalism awards
The list of winners and the citations accompanying the award, are taken from the Pulitzer Prize website.


1975 Pulitzer Prize, Letters, Drama and Music awards
The list of winners and the citations accompanying the award, are taken from the Pulitzer Prize website.


1975 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1975 Purdue Boilermakers football team represented Purdue University in the 1975 Big Ten Conference football season.


1975 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Starters
Offense: se Arnold, ot Stapleton, og Gibson, c Polak, sg Zelencik, st Long, te Wirgowski, qb Vitali, fl Beery, fb Pruitt, tb Dierking, k Schmidt


1975 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Starters
Defense: le Smith, lt Novak, mg Gorgal/Ruwe, rt Parker, re Hardy, lb Sullivan, lb Mannella, cb DiMarzio/Harris, cb Cooper, s Wood/Lewis, s Andres/Thompson, p Vitali


1975 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Coaching staff
Ast : George Catavolos, Fred Conti, Jack Ellis, Bob Geiger, Jerry Hartman, Pat Naughton, Tom Roggeman, Rick Venturi, Mike Wynn


1975 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1975 for Australia were appointments to recognise and reward good works by citizens of Australia and other nations that contribute to Australia. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations and were announced on 17 June 1975 in Australia.


1975 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)
The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour with grades and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.


1975 QwaQwa legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in QwaQwa between 19 and 21 March 1975. The Dikwankwetla Party won 19 of the 20 elected seats.


1975 QwaQwa legislative election, Electoral system
The Legislative Assembly had a total of 60 seats, 20 of which were elected and 40 of which were reserved for tribal representatives; 26 from the Koena tribe and 14 from the Tlokwa tribe.


1975 Race of Champions
The 1975 Race of Champions was a non-championship Formula One race held at Brands Hatch on 16 March 1975. Weather conditions were inhospitable, with strong winds, heavy rain and even snow showers during the weekend.


1975 Race of Champions
There was some pre-race controversy about the decision to top up the grid with Formula 5000 cars-eventually a compromise was reached where only those drivers with Formula 1 experience would be permitted to start.


1975 Race of Champions
Ironically the most vehement protester against the Formula 5000 drivers, Emerson Fittipaldi, qualified only 17th, some four rows behind the fastest Formula 5000 driver Tom Belsø.


1975 Race of Champions
Roelof Wunderink made his début in the Ensign, whilst Tony Trimmer qualified well in the new Safir car (previously known as a Token) and Maurizio Flammini was a non-starter after crashing heavily in practice.


1975 Race of Champions
Tom Pryce dominated in appalling weather conditions from Jody Scheckter, giving the crowd a home driver to cheer in the absence of James Hunt.


1975 Race of Champions
The start was delayed as snow fell and teams had to quickly decide which type of tyres to use, but when the flag fell, Jacky Ickx surged through from the second row to lead. In midfield, Belso was hit and spun taking out Jochen Mass, who retired despite having minimal damage to the car. As a result of this incident, the decision was taken to bar Formula 5000 cars from future Formula 1 races.


1975 Race of Champions
Scheckter took the lead at the end of lap 1 on dry tyres and Pryce was soon catching him, having passed Ronnie Peterson and Ickx after a bad start on the damp side of the track.


1975 Race of Champions
In second place, with a strong home following was John Watson in the Surtees who gained the place having taken Peterson when they were passing backmarkers at Druids Bend.


1975 Race of Champions
Despite not being a Championship round, Pryce's win makes this the only Formula One race won by a Welshman.


1975 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1975 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 49th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 16 February 1975 and ended on 17 March 1975.


1975 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1975, Leinster won the cup following a 2-09 to 1–11 defeat of Munster in the final. This was their 16th Railway Cup title overall and their fifth title in succession.


1975 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
The Rhineland-Palatinate state election, 1975 was conducted on 9 March 1975 to elect members to the Landtag, the state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany.


1975 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
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1975 Rhode Island Rams football team
The 1975 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island in the Yankee Conference during the 1975 NCAA Division II football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach Jack Gregory, the Rams compiled a 2–8 record (1–4 against conference opponents) and finished in a tie for last place in the conference. Key players included Little All-American running back Rich Remondino.


1975 Rice Owls football team
The 1975 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University in the Southwest Conference during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their fourth year under head coach Al Conover, the team compiled a 2–9 record.


1975 Richmond Spiders football team
The 1975 Richmond Spiders football team represented the Richmond College during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season.


1975 Richmond WCT
The 1975 Richmond WCT, also known as the Fidelity Tournament for sponsorship reasons, was a men's professional tennis tournament. It was held on indoor carpet courts in Richmond. It was the fifth  edition of the tournament and was held from 27 January through 2 February 1975. The tournament was part of the green group of the 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit. First-seeded Björn Borg won the singles title and the accompanying $12,000 first prize.


1975 Richmond WCT, Finals, Doubles
Fred McNair /  Hans Kary defeated  Paolo Bertolucci /  Adriano Panatta 7–6(8–6), 5–7, 7–6(8–6)


1975 Romania rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1975 Romania rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of matches played between August and September 1975 by Romania national rugby union team in New Zealand.,


1975 Romania rugby union tour of New Zealand
It was the second tour overseas of a Romanian team after the tour in Argentina in 1973.


1975 Romania rugby union tour of New Zealand
No official tests were plated, the match clou was the final match against Junior All Blacks. Romanian obtained an historical draw.


1975 Romanian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 9 March 1975. The Front of Socialist Unity, dominated by the Romanian Communist Party and including other mass organisations, was the only organisation that contested the election. No prospective candidate could run for office without the Front's approval. The Front won all 349 seats in the Great National Assembly.


1975 Romanian legislative election, Electoral system
These were the first elections held after a constitutional amendment in 1974, which reduced the number of seats in the Assembly from 465 to 349 and extended its term from four to five years. Candidates were elected in single member constituencies, and had to receive over 50% of the vote. If no candidate passed this threshold, or if voter turnout in the constituency was less than 50%, re-runs were held until the requirements were met. Voters had the option of voting against the Front candidates.


1975 Rose Bowl
The 1975 Rose Bowl was the 61st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Wednesday, January 1. The fifth-ranked USC Trojans of the Pacific-8 Conference defeated #3 Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big Ten Conference, 18–17 in one of the most exciting games in the history of the Rose Bowl.


1975 Rose Bowl
After a touchdown pass with two minutes remaining to draw within a point, USC quarterback Pat Haden passed to Shelton Diggs for a two-point conversion to take the lead. It gave the Trojans the Rose Bowl victory and the UPI coaches poll national title.


1975 Rose Bowl
This was the third consecutive year for these teams in the Rose Bowl: USC won in 1973, Ohio State in 1974.


1975 Rose Bowl, Teams, Ohio State Buckeyes
The defending Rose Bowl champs were the nation's top-ranked team for much of the season, until they were upset by Michigan State 16–13 at East Lansing on November 9. Two weeks later, the Buckeyes earned the Rose Bowl berth with a 12–10 victory over Michigan, when kicker Mike Lantry's last-second field goal attempt sailed just wide.


1975 Rose Bowl, Teams, Ohio State Buckeyes
Ohio State was favored to win the Rose Bowl by six points.


1975 Rose Bowl, Teams, USC Trojans
USC was upset by Arkansas 22–7 in Little Rock in the season opener, then reeled off five straight wins before a 15–15 tie at home against California. They won their final four games, the most dramatic being a season-ending 55–24 win over #5 Notre Dame in which the Trojans trailed 24–0.


1975 Rose Bowl, Aftermath
Undefeated Oklahoma was the #1 team in the AP poll, but were on probation and ineligible for a bowl game. The UPI poll excluded teams on probation, and after the regular season, the UPI had Alabama first, followed by Ohio State, Michigan, USC, and Auburn. The Trojans' dramatic Rose Bowl win over Ohio State enabled them to leapfrog idle Michigan, and when Notre Dame  upset Alabama in the Orange Bowl, 13–11, USC was voted #1 in the UPI poll. This game marked USC head coach John McKay's eighth and last appearance in the Rose Bowl and his fifth win.


1975 Rose Bowl, Aftermath
This was the last season in which the Big Ten and Pac-8 conferences allowed just one bowl team each, to the Rose Bowl. Michigan and  twelfth-ranked Michigan State did not participate in this bowl season; USC was the only Pac-8 team in the top twenty of either final poll. Michigan missed the postseason for three straight seasons, despite ten wins each year and an overall record of 30–2–1 (.924).


1975 Rothmans Canadian Open
The 1975 Rothmans Canadian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club in Toronto in Canada that was part of the 1975 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix and of the 1975 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from August 11 through August 17, 1975.


1975 Rothmans Canadian Open, Finals, Men's Doubles
Cliff Drysdale /  Raymond Moore defeated  Jan Kodeš /  Ilie Năstase 6–4, 5–7, 7–6


1975 Rothmans Canadian Open, Finals, Women's Doubles
Julie Anthony /  Margaret Court defeated  JoAnne Russell /  Jane Stratton 6–2, 6–4


1975 Rothmans International Trophy
The 1975 Rothmans International Trophy was a men's professional tennis tournament held on indoor carpet courts at the Royal Albert Hall in London, England. It was the fifth edition of the event and was held from 4 March until 8 March 1975. The tournament was a special non–ranking event on the 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit consisting of eight nations and 16 players. Mark Cox won the singles title.


1975 Rothmans International Trophy, Finals, Doubles
Paolo Bertolucci /  Adriano Panatta defeated  Jürgen Fassbender /  Hans-Jürgen Pohmann 6–3, 6–4


1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash
On 31 March 1975, a Pilatus PC-6 Porter operated by Royal Nepal Airlines crashed in Nepal en route from Tribhuvan International Airport to Phaplu Airport on a domestic charter flight. The flight was chartered by Sir Edmund Hillary to bring his wife Louise and daughter Belinda to Phaplu, where he was building a hospital. The plane crashed shortly after takeoff.


1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash, Aircraft
The aircraft involved in the crash was a Pilatus PC-6 Porter operated by Royal Nepal Airlines. It was delivered to Royal Nepal Airlines in 1971.


1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash, Crew and Passengers
All occupants on board died in the crash; they included the pilot Peter Shand, Sir Edmund Hillary's wife Louise and daughter Belinda, the family's dog and two Sherpa friends of the family.


1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash, Incident
The flight was a chartered flight, that took off from Tribhuvan International Airport at or before 7:30 a.m. NPT for its flight to Phaplu Airport. The aircraft took off on runway 20 in a southern direction, but the pilot directly asked for permission to land. The aircraft turned towards the right but was unable to make a landing, crashing into a ditch behind the northern end of the runway.


1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash, Aftermath
In her biography Keeper of the Mountains, Elizabeth Hawley describes that the pilot Peter Shand did not do a walk-around, failing to see that aileron was still fixed by a ground lock pin, because he was late to the airport and this caused the accident.


1975 Royal Nepal Airlines Pilatus PC-6 Porter crash, Aftermath
The Nepali Times reported that the pilot was hired by Royal Nepal Airlines despite losing his previous job due to "carelessness".


1975 Royal Tru-Orange season
The 1975 Royal Tru-Orange season was the maiden season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).


1975 Royal Tru-Orange season, Summary
The Royal Tru-Orangemen were among the top four teams which made it to semifinal round in the PBA's very first conference. They lost all their six games in the two-round semifinals and placed fourth behind champion Toyota, runner-up Crispa, and third place U-Tex. In the second conference, Royal had a pair of Harry Brown and Steve Smith as their imports. The Orangemen were in their second semifinal stint and this time, they won two out of their six assignments, not enough to make it even in a playoff berth.


1975 Royal Tru-Orange season, Summary
Royal played Noritake in the best-of-five series for third place and after winning Game One, 125-122, the Orangemen lost the next two games and with Crispa forfeiting Game four of the finals against Toyota, the Orangemen ended up fourth place again. They completed a fourth place finish in all three conferences of the season as the Orangemen, despite beating U-Tex in the round-robin All-Philippine championship, they lost to U-Tex in five games in their series for third place.


1975 Rugby League World Cup
The 1975 Rugby League World Championship (also referred to as the World Series) was the seventh tournament for the Rugby League World Cup. The format differed from that employed in previous competitions; no single country hosted the matches, which were spread out in a 'world series' hosted by each of the five participating nations over a period of just over eight months. Each team had to play the others on a 'home and away' basis. Great Britain were split up into separate England and Wales teams, taking advantage of a glut of Welsh talent in the British game at the time.