1977 PGA Championship, Round summaries, Playoff
The championship had gone without a playoff since 1967. The seventh and last sudden-death playoff was in 1996; the format was changed to a three-hole aggregate, first used in 2000.


1977 PGA Tour
The 1977 PGA Tour season was played from January 6 to November 6. The season consisted of 45 official money events. Tom Watson won the most tournaments, five, and there were 10 first-time winners. The tournament results and award winners are listed below.


1977 PGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1977 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1977 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1977 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament (now known as the Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament) was held March 2–6 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.


1977 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament
Long Beach State defeated San Jose State in the championship game, 76–63, to win their first PCAA/Big West men's basketball tournament.


1977 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament
The 49ers, in turn, received a bid to the 1977 NCAA Tournament, where they lost to Idaho State in the first round.


1977 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The tournament field expanded from four to seven teams. Long Beach State, by virtue of tying with San Diego State for the regular season title but winning the tie breaker by sweeping them, received a first round bye while the other six teams were seeded for the first round based on regular season conference records. The 2nd through 4th seeds hosted the 5th through 7th seeds on their home courts. The three winners of those games and Long Beach State moved on to the semifinal round at the Anaheim Convention Center.


1977 Pacific Conference Games
The 1977 Pacific Conference Games was the third edition of the international athletics competition between five Pacific coast nations: Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States. It was held on 3 and 4 December in Canberra, Australia. A total of 20 men's and 14 women's athletics events were contested. Two new women's events were added to the programme of the previous edition: the 400 metres hurdles and the 4×400 metres relay. The relay event had gained Olympic status in 1972, but the inclusion of the women's hurdles event was ahead of its time as it was not held at the Olympics until seven years later.


1977 Pacific Conference Games
It marked the first major international athletics event to be held in the country since the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. The venue, Bruce Stadium, was purpose-built for the competition and represented a new, modern stadium for the sport in Australia. The stadium later went on to host the 1985 IAAF World Cup. The area's sporting reputation grew with the opening of the Australian Institute of Sport nearby in 1981.


1977 Pacific Cup
The 1977 Pacific Cup was the second edition of the Pacific Cup, a rugby league tournament held between Pacific teams. The tournament was hosted by New Zealand and eventually won by the New Zealand Māori side, who defeated Western Australia 35-12 in the final.


1977 Pacific Cup, Background
The 1977 Pacific Cup was run by the New South Wales Rugby League, following the success of the inaugural 1975 Pacific Cup. The tournament involved three Australian state sides as well as Papua New Guinea, who did not yet have Test match status, and the New Zealand Māori. In the end the 1977 Pacific Cup proved to be expensive to run and resulted in the cancellation of the planned 1979 Pacific Cup.


1977 Pacific Cup, Results
An opening ceremony was held at Turangawaewae Marae in Huntly.


1977 Pacific Southwest Open
The 1977 Pacific Southwest Open, also known under its sponsorship name 1977 Arco–Pacific Southwest Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The event was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized as five-star. It was the 51st edition of the tournament and was held from March 28 through April 3, 1977, a departure from its customary slot in September. Third-seeded Stan Smith won the singles title and $23,625 first-prize money as well as 150 ranking points.


1977 Pacific Southwest Open, Finals, Doubles
Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan defeated  Bob Lutz /  Stan Smith 6–3, 6–4


1977 Pacific Tigers football team
The 1977 Pacific Tigers football team represented the University of the Pacific (UOP) in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association.


1977 Pacific Tigers football team
The team was led by head coach Chester Caddas, in his sixth year, and played their home games at Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and five losses (6–5, 3–1 PCAA). The Tigers outscored their opponents 230–161 over the season.


1977 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL
The following UOP players were selected in the 1978 NFL Draft.


1977 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL
The following finished their college career in 1977, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1977 Pacific hurricane season
The 1977 Pacific hurricane season stands alongside 2010 as the least active Pacific hurricane season since reliable records began in 1971. Only eight tropical storms formed throughout the year; four further intensified into hurricanes, yet none strengthened into major hurricanes—a Category 3 or stronger on the Saffir–Simpson scale—an occurrence not seen again until 2003. Most tropical cyclones remained over the open eastern Pacific; however, the remnants of hurricanes Doreen and Heather led to heavy rainfall which damaged or destroyed structures and flooded roadways throughout the Southwest United States. Notably, Hurricane Anita which originally formed in the Gulf of Mexico made the rare trek across Mexico into the eastern Pacific, briefly existing as a tropical depression. Eight deaths were recorded while damage reached $39.6 million (1977 USD).


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary
The 1977 Pacific hurricane season was an inactive season, with the first cyclone forming on May 26 and the final system dissipating on October 23. Only eight named storms were documented throughout the year. Of those eight, four intensified into hurricanes, and none became major hurricanes, defined as Category 3 storms or stronger on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The number of tropical storms and major hurricanes stood solely as record lows until tied by 2010 and 2003, respectively.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Seasonal summary
Additionally, the Accumulated Cyclone Energy index for the season was the lowest in recorded history. The low activity seen in the East Pacific was a common occurrence around the globe in 1977, with the fewest tropical cyclones worldwide, at 69, until 2010 recorded one fewer. May, June, July, and August all saw one named storm per month, with one hurricane each in the latter two months. September was more active with three named storms, of which one became a Category 2 hurricane. The season came to an end in October with one named storm which intensified into a hurricane. Despite the record low number of tropical storms, numerous short-lived tropical depressions existed throughout the eastern Pacific in 1977; like most of the other cyclones, however, these caused little or no impact to land.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ava
An area of disturbed weather first formed within a larger thunderstorm complex well south-southwest of Acapulco, Mexico, early on May 24. It moved northwest and slowly organized, becoming a tropical depression by 00:00 UTC on May 26 and further intensifying into Tropical Storm Ava approximately twelve hours later. The system remained over warm waters as it moved west and then north, allowing Ava to reach a peak intensity of 65 mph (100 km/h) early on May 28. A series of subsequent reconnaissance aircraft missions documented an incomplete eye in association with the storm, although this organization soon began to fade amidst increasing wind shear and cooler ocean temperatures. Ava weakened to a tropical depression around 18:00 UTC on May 29 and dissipated less than 24 hours later.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bernice
A tropical disturbance was first identified early on June 25 well southwest of Acapulco, Mexico. It quickly organized into a tropical depression twelve hours later while moving west-northwest. After strengthening into Tropical Storm Bernice around 12:00 UTC on June 26, the cyclone was restricted from further development by the entrainment of low-level clouds from the north. Instead, Bernice transitioned into an extratropical cyclone early on June 28.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Claudia
A tropical disturbance, embedded within a larger area of convective activity, formed early on July 1 while well south of Acapulco, Mexico. On a westward heading, the disturbance coalesced into a tropical depression by 00:00 UTC on June 3 and strengthened into Tropical Storm Claudia six hours later.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Claudia
Rapid development ensued thereafter as an eye became evident on satellite imagery, and Claudia attained its peak intensity as a strong Category 1 hurricane with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) early on July 4. Progression over colder waters caused the system to weaken below hurricane strength by 00:00 UTC on July 5, coincident with the eye becoming obscured on satellite. The cyclone was downgraded to a tropical depression around 00:00 UTC on July 7, and it ultimately dissipated six hours later.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Doreen
A tropical disturbance first formed early on August 11. It drifted west and organized into a tropical depression around 00:00 UTC on August 13 before intensifying into Tropical Storm Doreen a little under a day later. Data from a reconnaissance aircraft was used to upgrade the system to a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) around 18:00 UTC on August 14; this constituted the storm's peak strength. Doreen turned north-northwest thereafter, briefly drifting onshore the coastline of Baja California near San Carlos as a minimal hurricane.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Doreen
It continued generally northwestward, weakening to a tropical storm around 06:00 UTC on August 16 before making a second landfall around Punta Eugenia, Baja California Sur six hours later. Colder waters caused the system to fall to tropical depression intensity early on August 17 and dissipate around 00:00 UTC the next day while located just south of California.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Doreen
As Doreen moved parallel to the southwestern coastline of Mexico, it produced heavy rainfall there, with accumulations peaking at 14.80 inches (375.9 mm) near the Los Cabos Municipality. Farther northwest, Mexicali, Baja California was particularly hard-hit, with more than 2,000 people left homeless after their shanty-style homes were demolished by the rain. Despite dissipating as a tropical cyclone, the remnants of Doreen continued into the Southwest United States, resulting in maximum rainfall accumulations of 7.45 inches (189 mm) in the San Jacinto Mountains of California.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Doreen
Approximately 325 homes and businesses throughout the desert Southwest were destroyed, and several roads were covered or washed out by floodwater across California and Arizona. Throughout San Diego, California and nearby Imperial County, the storm accrued $25 million in crop damage. Extensive damage to streets, washes, levees, and dikes occurred throughout the Mohave Valley, particularly in Bullhead City, Arizona, where more than 50 people were evacuated and over 12 homes and businesses were heavily damaged. Strong thunderstorms, with winds reaching up to 60 mph (95 km/h), downed trees and caused intermittent power outages in Palm Springs, California. Farther east in Las Vegas, Nevada, meanwhile, less than 2 inches (51 mm) of rain flooded major intersections and caused roofs to collapse. Throughout the region, eight people were reported dead.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Eleven
On August 29, a tropical depression formed over the Gulf of Mexico and tracked slowly west. It quickly strengthened, becoming named as Anita 18 hours later, and reaching hurricane strength within 30 hours of formation. It eventually achieved Category 5 status before striking northern Mexico on September 2. The mountainous terrain of Mexico nearly caused Anita to dissipate; however, its circulation survived the crossing and emerged over the Pacific on September 3 as a tropical depression. The system featured a 300 miles (485 km) wide area of convection and traveled west in response to a ridge over Baja California. The depression traversed Islas Marías and soon moved over cooler waters, prompting weakening. Lacking thermal support, the depression degenerated into a remnant low on September 3 off the southern tip of Baja California Sur.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Emily
Emily first began as a disturbance early on September 12. It moved west-northwest and developed into a tropical depression around 00:00 UTC on September 13. Surface observations from nearby ships were used to upgrade the depression to a tropical storm twelve hours later. Despite persistent, deep convective activity, a trek over colder waters prevented Emily from further intensifying, and the system instead transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 12:00 UTC on September 14.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Florence
The strongest cyclone of the 1977 season began as a tropical disturbance over the open eastern Pacific. It developed into a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC on September 20 and strengthened into Tropical Storm Florence twelve hours later. The newly-formed system moved west-northwest until reaching hurricane strength by 00:00 UTC on September 22, at which point Florence sharply curved toward the north-northeast. With a well-defined eye on satellite imagery, the storm reached peak winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) around 18:00 UTC on September 22, a Category 2 hurricane. Florence accelerated over increasingly cool ocean temperatures, causing it to weaken to a tropical storm early on September 23, weaken to a tropical depression early on September 24, and transition to an extratropical cyclone by 12:00 UTC that day.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Glenda
Tropical Storm Glenda formed around 00:00 UTC on September 24 from a previously established area of disturbed weather well southwest of Acapulco. The storm did not intensify beyond minimal tropical storm strength and instead fell to tropical depression strength around 00:00 UTC on September 25. A north to northwestward forward motion brought the cyclone over progressively cooler waters, and it transitioned to an extratropical cyclone by 06:00 UTC on September 27 while located near Punta Eugenia, Baja California Sur.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Heather
The final named storm of the season began as a tropical disturbance late on October 3. It moved west-northwest, organizing into a tropical depression around 00:00 UTC on October 4 and further intensifying into Tropical Storm Heather six hours thereafter. A sprawling storm, Heather reached hurricane strength early on October 5 and attained peak winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) by 12:00 UTC that day. A turn toward the north-northwest, however, brought the storm over increasingly cool waters, prompting a weakening trend. Heather fell to tropical storm strength late on October 6 and further to a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC as its low- and mid-level circulations became dislocated, marking an end to its time as a tropical cyclone.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Heather
The remnants continued into Arizona, where measurable rainfall peaked at 8.30 in (211 mm), with unspecified reports of up to 14 inches (356 mm) in mountainous locales. As a result, the Santa Cruz River near Tucson witnessed its highest discharge since at least 1892, and the San Pedo River saw its sixth-highest crest since 1913. At least 16,000 acres (6,500 hectares) of farmland were inundated, and about 90 homes were damaged mainly near Nogales, Arizona, though some property damage occurred throughout Amado, Green Valley, and Sahuarita as well.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Heather
In addition, about 175 families were evacuated from Nogales; in the aftermath of the rains, residents were asked to conserve water after the city's wells were inundated with mud and rendered unusable. Two bridges were destroyed while an additional twelve to fifteen were damaged, in addition to telephone lines and other utilities. Damage equated to about $14.6 million.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
Despite the season featuring the lowest number of tropical storms on record at the time, there were numerous tropical depressions that failed to intensify into named storms. The first two tropical depressions existed from May 25–30 and from May 30–June 1, both west of the Honduras–Nicaragua border. Tropical depressions Six and Seven occurred in quick succession from July 8–9 and July 9–10, respectively. Tropical Depression Eight occurred solely on July 25, while Tropical Depression Nine existed from August 1–2. Yet another cyclone existed from September 3–4, while the seventeenth and final unnamed system formed on October 22 and dissipated on the next day.


1977 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the Eastern North Pacific in 1977. This is the same list used in the 1973 season. This is also the final year that this list was used, as the practice of using all-female names for tropical cyclones was replaced with a mixture of male and female names beginning in 1978.


1977 Pacific typhoon season
The 1977 Pacific typhoon season was one of the least active Pacific typhoon seasons on record, with only 19 tropical storms forming. It was also the second of three known typhoon seasons during the satellite era (since 1960) to not produce a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon. (After the 1974 season and before the 2017 season) The season's first storm, Severe Tropical Storm Patsy, formed on March 23 and the last, Typhoon Mary, dissipated on January 2, 1978. With Mary spanning two calendar years, it became the fourth typhoon to do so since 1945. Since then, two other typhoons have achieved this feat.


1977 Pacific typhoon season
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1977 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems
A total of 54 tropical depressions were recognized by the various warning agencies this year in the Western Pacific, of which 20 became tropical storms. Eleven storms reached typhoon intensity, of which one reached super typhoon strength.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Thelma (Goring)
A tropical disturbance east of the Philippines organized into a tropical depression on July 21. It moved to the northwest, strengthening into a tropical storm later that day and into a typhoon on the 22nd. After passing northern Luzon and dropping heavy rains, Thelma turned to the north, where it reached a peak intensity of 95 mph winds. The typhoon hit southern Taiwan on the 25th, crossed the island, and dissipated over southeastern China on the 26th. Though not a particularly strong storm, Thelma brought strong wind gusts and heavy rain, claiming more than 30 lives and bringing damage and destruction not seen to the island for over 80 years.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Vera (Huling)
Just 6 days after Thelma hit Taiwan, another typhoon was brewing to its east. Typhoon Vera, which developed on July 28, hit eastern Taiwan on the 31st as a 125 mph typhoon. It continued westward, and dissipated over southeastern China. The storm caused 25 additional fatalities to the island, with vast amounts of crop and property damage occurring.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Super Typhoon Babe (Miling)
Developing as a tropical depression on September 2, Babe initially tracked west-northwestward as it intensified. On September 5, an abrupt shift in steering currents caused the system to turn north-northwestward. Over the following two days, Babe quickly intensified, ultimately attaining its peak intensity early on September 8 with winds of 240 km/h (150 mph) and a barometric pressure of 905 mbar (hPa; 26.72 inHg).


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Super Typhoon Babe (Miling)
Not long after reaching this strength, another shift in the steering patterns caused the typhoon to execute a prolonged counter-clockwise arc, causing it to track through the Ryukyu Islands, as it interacted with a low pressure originating from the Korean Peninsula. During this time, the system gradually weakened and eventually it made landfall near Shanghai, China on September 11 as a minimal typhoon before dissipating inland the following day.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Super Typhoon Babe (Miling)
Passing through the Ryukyu Islands as a powerful typhoon, Babe caused considerable damage in the region. More than 1,000 homes were destroyed and nearly 7,000 more were damaged or flooded. One person was killed on Amami Ōshima and 77 others were injured throughout the country. Total losses reached ¥6.1 billion (US$23 million). Offshore, over 100 vessels were affected by the storm, including a Panamanian freighter where 13 people lost their lives. In China, more than 24,000 homes were destroyed and nine people were killed.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dinah (Openg)
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical storm on September 14 northeast of the northern Philippines. The previous typhoon brought the trough more northward, hence the unusually high latitude for a monsoon storm. Strong high pressure to Dinah's northwest forced the storm to the southwest, where it crossed northern Luzon on the 15th and 16th. Weak steering currents in the South China Sea allowed Dinah to drift, first then to the northeast then back to the west-southwest. Generally favorable conditions allowed Dinah to reach typhoon strength on the 19th, but a developing tropical storm to its northeast caused it to weaken. The building of the subtropical ridge forced Dinah to the southwest, where it hit southern Vietnam on the 23rd as a tropical depression. The remnants turned northward, crossed the Gulf of Tonkin, and dissipated over China on the 27th.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dinah (Openg)
Dinah brought heavy rain and flooding to Luzon that killed 54 people and left 11 others missing.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Jean
Typhoon Jean was a tropical depression. It quickly became a tropical storm and on October 31, became a typhoon.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kim (Unding)
Typhoon Kim was a 145 mph typhoon that hit the northern Philippines on November 13. The typhoon's heavy rains caused flash flooding that left 55 people dead with widespread damage. A further 47 people died when an upper floors of a hotel caught fire during the storm.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names
Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1977 was named Patsy and the final one was named Mary.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1981 season. This is the same list used for the 1973 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Retirement
Due to its impacts in the Philippines, PAGASA later retired the name Unding and was replaced by Unsing for the 1981 season. However, the name Unding would later be reused in the 2004 season, only for it to be re-retired by PAGASA due to its effects in Luzon.


1977 Pacific typhoon season, Season effects
This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1977. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, missing persons (in parentheses), and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA. All damage figures will be in 1977 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.


1977 Pahiatua by-election
The Pahiatua by-election of 1977 was a by-election for the electorate of Pahiatua on 30 April 1977 during the 38th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the resignation of the previous member Sir Keith Holyoake when he was appointed Governor-General.


1977 Pahiatua by-election
The by-election was won by John Falloon, also of the National Party. Hawke's Bay farmer Hamish Kynoch unsuccessfully sought the National nomination.


1977 Pakistan uprising
The 1977 Pakistan uprising, also known as the Pakistani Revolution of 1977, was a long act of growing street protests and a long series of countrywide demonstrations against the results of the 1977 Pakistani general election and against prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in Pakistan. The protests first erupted against prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the results of the 1977 Pakistani general election. After a wave of popular uprisings and massive demonstrations, the government ordered tanks and the military to be deployed to crack down on demonstrators.


1977 Pakistan uprising
Violent anti-Bhutto protests continued for 2 months without any violence until June, when 50 were killed in clashes and intense violence at protests. The increasingly violent street demonstrations were characterised by riots and street protests while police clashed and ordered a crackdown on the demonstrators, using Live ammunition, Pellet (air gun) and Rubber bullets to disperse protesters while protests consisted of Looting, Arson attacks and Violence. 100+ protesters were killed in Strike actions and massive labour unrest during the bloody crisis and the uprising ultimately led to the Operation Fair Play.


1977 Pakistani general election
General elections were held in Pakistan on 7 March 1977 to elect 200 members of the National Assembly. They were the second general elections held in Pakistan and the first to be held after the Bangladesh Liberation War, which saw East Pakistan break away to become an independent state of Bangladesh.


1977 Pakistani general election
Although the elections were initially scheduled to be held in the second half of 1977 after the completion of the National Assembly's parliamentary term, the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) government led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto decided to hold the elections earlier. As the majority of general public had a favourable opinion of Bhutto government, it was widely anticipated that the PPP would be re-elected. In response, nine opposition parties united together to form the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA). The PNA ran on a right-wing platform, opposing the PPP's left-wing stance. However, the PNA also consisted of some left-wing parties that opposed Bhutto, including the National Awami Party of Khan Abdul Wali Khan, who was also regarded as the leader of the PNA.


1977 Pakistani general election
The result was a landslide victory for the PPP, which won 155 seats. Meanwhile, the PNA won only 36 seats; the Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) was the only other party to win a seat. The PPP's victory meant Bhutto would continue as Prime Minister. However, the PNA accused the PPP of rigging the elections, and refused to accept the result. Although allegations of rigging were denied by PPP, the claims made by PNA sparked unrest that resulted in mass demonstrations and violent anti-Bhutto protests.


1977 Pakistani general election
Bhutto and the security forces were unable to control the situation and the government was forced to declare Martial Law. The Chief of Army Staff Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq subsequently called a secret meeting of senior military officials to plan a coup, which was successfully executed, resulting in the overthrow of government and dissolution of the National Assembly. Subsequently, Pakistan entered its third period of military rule.


1977 Pakistani general election, Campaign
The elections were held earlier than originally planned, and were expected to be held in the second half of 1977. However, on 7 January 1977, Bhutto appeared on national television, announcing the elections would be held earlier, and started his political campaign shortly after appearing on national television. On 10 January, Election Commissioner of Pakistan Justice Sajjad Ahmad Jan announced the election schedule and declared 19 and 22 January as the last date for receipt of nominations for the Parliament and Provincial Assemblies, respectively.


1977 Pakistani general election, Campaign
Bhutto responded aggressively, immediately issuing party tickets to his workers. Unlike the 1970 elections, when Pakistan Peoples Party mainly banked on socialistic slogans, this time Bhutto also relied on political heavyweights, issuing tickets to feudal lords and other influential members. Bhutto himself held public meetings all over the country, and to get further support from the common man, he announced labour reforms on 4 January, and on 5 January, a second set of land reforms. The attendance in the public meetings was amazing in all parts of the country, especially in interior Sindh and Punjab. Bhutto's motives for holding elections earlier was that not to give sufficient time to the opposition to make decisions and arrangements for the forthcoming elections.


1977 Pakistani general election, Campaign
The PNA had become a big problem for Pakistan Peoples Party that was targeting Peoples Party on a number of occasions. Throughout the elections, the PNA failed justify their plans for the country but instead targeted the Peoples' Party, concentrating on misdeed, alleged corruptions (although there were no evidences that linked to Bhutto), financial mismanagement, heavy expenditures on administration and disastrous economic policies evidenced by inflation.


1977 Pakistani general election, Electoral preparations
The Election Commission entered the registry of 30,899,052 voters, commissioned two hundred and fifty five Returning officers (RO) to manage voting system of the polling offices established in entire country. Surprisingly, the elections resulted the supermajority of Pakistan Peoples Party and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, securing 155 seats out of 200


1977 Pakistani general election, Electoral preparations
The result was a victory for the Pakistan People's Party, which won 155 of the 200 elected seats, including 19 that were uncontested as the Pakistan National Alliance boycotted the Balochistan elections due to ongoing military operations.


1977 Pakistani general election, Results
On 7 March 1977, the Election Commission announced the result in which Pakistan Peoples Party won the largest landslide victory in Pakistan's electoral history, winning 155 out of 200 seats in the Parliament. The Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) secured only 36 seats and eight seats on each of province's legislative assemblies, but the PNA had not contested all the seats, with some parties boycotting elections in parts of the country. The PNA failed to secure any seats from industrial cities such as Lahore. In Karachi 80% of seats were secured. A similar outcome was seen in Rawalpindi, where the PNA had arranged a massive demonstration and big public gatherings and processions. These results were in stark contrast to the widespread predictions that although Bhutto would win the election, but not by a wide margin that the results suggested.


1977 Pakistani general election, Results
Overall, the PPP won 60% of votes, a supermajority in the parliament, voting figures showing the success of the peoples party candidates often surpassed the actual number that turned up for voting. In numerous constituencies in Punjab, where Bhutto faced the strongest opposition, Bhutto's candidates returned with over 95% of the vote. Observers noticed that in a polling offices were Alliance's candidates were strong, the polling was alleged to have been blocked for hour. Observers, both in national and international, quickly pointed out that the results in key constituencies were issued directly from the Prime Minister's office.


1977 Pakistani general election, Aftermath
When the results were announced, a great ire on Bhutto was raised by Alliance's leader Abdul Vali Khan, accusing Bhutto for systematically rigging the elections. The Alliance boycotted the assemblies sessions, staging massive demonstration in the country. Vali Khan demanded immediate resignation of Bhutto, chief election commissioner, and as well as the government, proposing the idea of holding new elections under the supervision of Supreme Court of Pakistan.


1977 Pakistani general election, Aftermath
Bhutto refused the demands, Vali Khan and the Alliance decided to bring their party workers onto the streets, to break law deliberately, and to confront the police and the Federal Security Force, Bhutto's commissioned security forces. Alliance leaders called upon the people to stage countrywide strikes and organise protest marches. The followers fully responded to the call and a full-fledged political movement started, during this episode, the business community wholeheartedly joined Alliance. The Alliance used mosques and churches to stimulate the masses and tried to create an impression that they were only working for the enforcement of Nizam-i-Mustafa.


1977 Pakistani general election, Aftermath
They criticised the socialistic attitude of Bhutto and alleged that he had lost his faith in Islam. The ulema whipped up emotions for a Jihad to save Islam, which they thought was in danger from an evil regime. The bar associations across the country also began to register their strong protest against the electoral fraud and denounced the post-election policy of repression. The law and order situation created by rioting by the PNA cost the economy $765 million and exports fell by 35%.


1977 Pakistani general election, Aftermath
Bhutto used repression to curb the Alliance but soon came to conclusion that it was not possible. Therefore, Bhutto tried to use the option of dialogue by holding talks with the Alliance leaders. The Alliance demanded the 50% representation in the government, release of their party workers and leaders, and demanded new elections before 14 August. On 4 July 1977, then-director general of Military Intelligence Major-General Khalid Mahmud Arif revealed the military's plot to overthrow Bhutto, urging Bhutto to "rush the negotiations before its too late".


1977 Pakistani general election, Aftermath
The next day, Bhutto accepted all demands of Alliance and the stage was set for a compromise. Bhutto immediately travelled to Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, further putting the negotiations behind and the Alliance termed his tour as "dilatory tactics". On 5 July 1977, Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, supported by Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Mohammad Shariff, imposed Martial Law and sent Bhutto behind the bars. Shortly, General Zia announced: "Had an agreement reached between the opposition and the Government, I would certainly never have done what I did...". Although his statement was dismissed by General Khalid Mahmud Arif in 1979.


1977 Palanca Awards
The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1977 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).


1977 Panamanian Torrijos–Carter Treaties referendum
A referendum on the Torrijos–Carter Treaties was held in Panama on 23 October 1977. Voters were asked whether they approved of the treaties with the United States, which would give Panama control of the Panama Canal in 1999 and abrogate the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903. Around 67% voted in favour, with a voter turnout of 97.3%.


1977 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in Papua New Guinea between 18 June and 9 July 1977, the first since independence from Australia in 1975. The Pangu Party led by Prime Minister Michael Somare emerged as the largest in the National Parliament. Somare subsequently formed a coalition government with the People's Progress Party (PPP) and several independent MPs. Voter turnout was 60.3%.


1977 Papua New Guinean general election, Background
The usual four-year term of the House of Assembly was extended to five years shortly before independence, pushing back elections to the renamed National Parliament from 1976 to mid-1977. However, in June 1976 Prime Minister Michael Somare proposed holding early elections in November 1976. Although the proposal was approved by a vote of 45 to 40 in parliament, at least half of the 104 MPs were required to vote in favour for the motion to pass. Prior to the elections, the electoral system was changed from single transferable vote to first-past-the-post.


1977 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign
Just under 900 candidates contested the elections, with between two and 21 candidates in each constituency. Ten candidates were women. Polling in the Abau Open constituency was postponed due to the death of a candidate.


1977 Papua New Guinean general election, Results
Three women – Nahau Rooney, Waliyato Clowes and Josephine Abaijah – were elected, a number not repeated until 2012. Nine ministers lost their seats, a number that increased to ten when Reuben Taureka was defeated in the delayed contest in Abau.


1977 Papua New Guinean general election, Results
Following the elections, most of the independents joined parties at the first sitting of parliament, with Pangu gaining a further ten seats, the PPP four and Papua Besena and the United Party one, leaving eleven members sitting as independents.


1977 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, Michael Somare was elected Prime Minister, defeating John Guise (who was supported by the United Party) by 69 votes to 36. Somare established a coalition government of the Pangu Party, the People's Progress Party and some independent members, forming an 18-member cabinet. Kingsford Dibela was elected Speaker and Tei Abal of the United Party became Leader of the Opposition.


1977 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath
Later in 1977, Somare appointed four additional ministers; Yano Belo (PPP) as Minister for Works and Supply, Thomas Kavali (Independent) as Minister for Housing, Karl Kitchens as Minister for Minerals and Energy and Nahau Rooney (Independent) as Minister for Corrective Institutions and Liquor Licensing. Rooney became the first woman to hold a cabinet portfolio in Papua New Guinea.


1977 Paraguayan Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Paraguay on 6 February 1977. The Colorado Party was the only party to contest the elections amidst an opposition boycott, and won all seats. Voter turnout was 82.8%. Following the election, the constitution was amended to scrap term limits, allowing President Alfredo Stroessner to contest the 1978 elections.


1977 Paris Open
The 1977 Paris Open, also known as the Jean Becker Open,  was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts that was part of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 8th edition of the Paris Open (later known as the Paris Masters). It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France from 31 October 1977 through 6 November 1977. Corrado Barazzutti won the singles title.


1977 Paris Open, Finals, Singles
Corrado Barazzutti defeated  Brian Gottfried 7–6, 7–6, 6–7, 3–6, 6–4


1977 Paris Open, Finals, Doubles
Brian Gottfried /  Raúl Ramírez defeated  Jeff Borowiak /  Roger Taylor 6–2, 6–0


1977 Paris Open – Doubles
Tom Okker and Marty Riessen were the defending champions but did not compete that year.


1977 Paris Open – Doubles
Brian Gottfried and Raúl Ramírez won the doubles title in the final of the 1977 Paris Open tennis tournament 6–2, 6–0 against Jeff Borowiak and Roger Taylor.


1977 Paris Open – Doubles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1977 Paris Open – Singles
Eddie Dibbs was the defending champion but did not compete that year.


1977 Paris Open – Singles
Corrado Barazzutti won in the final 7–6, 7–6, 6–7, 3–6, 6–4 against Brian Gottfried.


1977 Paris–Nice
The 1977 Paris–Nice was the 35th edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 10 March to 17 March 1977. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Freddy Maertens of the Flandria team.


1977 Paris–Roubaix
The 1977 Paris–Roubaix was the 75th edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race and was held on 17 April 1977. The race started in Compiègne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Roger De Vlaeminck of the Brooklyn cycling team from Italy.


1977 Pau Grand Prix
The 1977 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 30 May 1977 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by René Arnoux, driving the Martini MK22. Didier Pironi finished second and Riccardo Patrese third.


1977 Pau Grand Prix
With the race initially being run at 73 laps, the race was stopped after 59 laps after colossal rain made the circuit virtually undrivable.


1977 Peach Bowl
The 1977 Peach Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the NC State Wolfpack and the Iowa State Cyclones.


1977 Peach Bowl, Background
This was Iowa State's third bowl game in the decade, after tying for 2nd in the Big Eight Conference, and first ever Peach Bowl. This was NC State's first Peach Bowl since 1975, after tying for 3rd in the Atlantic Coast Conference.


1977 Peach Bowl, Game summary
Johnny Evans threw for 202 yards and ran for 62 yards. Ted Brown rushed for 114 yards, his second 100-yard performance in a Peach Bowl.


1977 Peach Bowl, Aftermath
The Wolfpack did not reach another Peach Bowl until 1986. The Cyclones have not returned to a Peach Bowl since this game.


1977 Penn Quakers football team
The 1977 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season.


1977 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1977 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The team was coached by Joe Paterno and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.


1977 Penn State Nittany Lions football team, Post season, NFL Draft
Seven Nittany Lions were drafted in the 1978 NFL Draft.


1977 Pepsi Grand Slam
The 1977 Pepsi Grand Slam, officially the  Pepsi-Cola Grand Slam of Tennis, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts at the Mission Hills Country Club in Boca Raton, Florida, United States It was an Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) sanctioned special event that was not part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit. It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from January 21 through January 23, 1977. Björn Borg won the singles title and earned $100,000 first prize money


1977 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1977 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 45th season in the National Football League. The team improved upon their previous output of 4–10, winning five games. Despite the improvement, the team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the seventeenth consecutive season.


1977 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, Player selections
The table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.


1977 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular Season, Week 1: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Quarterback Ron Jaworski threw two touchdown passes and the defense allowed just 152 yards as the Eagles got their first opening day victory in 10 years. Jaworski, playing the Eagles for the first time since being traded from the Los Angeles Rams for tight end Charlie Young floated a seven-yard touchdown pass in the first period to running back Tom Sullivan. And after Dave Green kicked a 22-yard field goal in the third quarter to reduce the Eagles lead to 7-3, Jaworski hit Keith Krepfle with a 17-yard score.


1977 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular Season, Week 1: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
The last time the Eagles won the opener was 1967 when they beat the Washington Redskins. It was the 15th straight loss for the Buccaneers who entered the league in 1976. The Eagles defense led by defensive end Art Thomas who was recently obtained from Oakland, and linebacker Bill Bergey, gave up 82 yards on the ground and 70 in the air.


1977 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular Season, Week 4: at New York Giants
Ron jaworski hit tight end Keith Krepfle with a 55-yard touchdown and Charlie Smith with a 28-yarder and Herb Lusk ran for touchdowns of 1 and 70 yards in a steady rain as Philadelphia evened their season record at 2-2 with an impressive road victory over the New York Giants. Joe Pisarcik who would later join the Eagles in 1980 threw an 80-yard touchdown pass to Jimmy Robinson for New York's only TD for the day.


1977 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 1977 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 95th season in the history of the franchise. The Phillies won their second consecutive National League East division title with a record of 101–61, five games over the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Phillies lost the NLCS to the Los Angeles Dodgers, three games to one. The Phillies were managed by Danny Ozark, as they played their home games at Veterans Stadium.


1977 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Philadelphia Phillies season, 1977 National League Championship Series
The Los Angeles Dodgers defeated the Philadelphia Phillies, 3 games to 1.


1977 Philippine presidential referendum
National referendum  was called on December 16–17, 1977 where the majority of the voters voted that President Ferdinand Marcos should continue in office as incumbent President and Prime Minister after the organization of the Interim Batasang Pambansa.


1977 Philta International
The 1977 Philta International was a men's tennis tournament played an outdoor clay courts in Manila, Philippines. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 14 November through 20 November 1977. The tournament was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized as Two Star. Karl Meiler won the singles title and the $13,135 first prize money after first-seeded Manuel Orantes had to default due to a sprained ankle.


1977 Philta International, Finals, Doubles
Chris Kachel /  John Marks defeated  Mike Cahill /  Terry Moor 4–6, 6–0, 7–6


1977 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1977 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The Panthers competed in the Gator Bowl.


1977 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1977 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 96th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; their 91st in the National League. The Pirates finished second in the National League East with a record of 96–66.


1977 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 Pittsburgh Steelers season
The 1977 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 45th in the National Football League. After what was considered the franchise's greatest season ever in 1976, the 1977 Pittsburgh Steelers failed to improve on their 10-4 record from 1976 and finished with a 9-5 record, however they appeared in the playoffs for their 6th straight season and won the AFC Central again. They had a hard time for most of the season as their record hovered around .500. Even the Steel curtain seemed to have a little wear and tear allowing 243 points on the season, more than 100 more than the previous season. The sloppy plays would catch up with them in the Divisional Playoffs when they were knocked off by the Broncos 34–21 in Denver.


1977 Pittsburgh Steelers season
The 1977 season is remembered as one of the most turbulent in franchise history, as numerous players were involved with off-the-field issues. Defensive tackle Ernie Holmes was arrested for cocaine possession, and despite being found not guilty, lawsuits followed. Head coach Chuck Noll was also subject to a defamation lawsuit, as Oakland Raiders safety George Atkinson sued Noll and the Steelers for a disparaging comment in which Noll called Atkinson part of the "criminal element" in football.


1977 Pittsburgh Steelers season
Though Atkinson lost the lawsuit, Noll was forced to bring Steelers cornerback Mel Blount into the suit, which upset Blount as he was one of many Steelers players engaged in a contract holdout, with others including linebacker Jack Lambert and safety Glen Edwards. Disputes between these players and Steelers owner Art Rooney were often publicized, and the overall drama played a significant part in the regression of the Steel Curtain defense.


1977 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Personnel, Roster
The Pittsburgh Steelers began the 1977 season looking to improve upon their 10–4 record in 1976; when they lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Oakland Raiders.


1977 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Personnel, Roster
While the Steelers once again won the AFC Central crown, they finished with one fewer win; going 9–5 and losing to the Denver Broncos in the AFC Divisional playoff game at Denver.


1977 Pittsburgh mayoral election
The Mayoral election of 1977 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was held on Tuesday, November 1, 1977. The incumbent mayor, Richard Caliguiri, had ascended to the office just 10 months earlier, after longtime mayor Pete Flaherty resigned to take a position in the newly formed Jimmy Carter White House. The former City Council President chose to renounce his lifelong Democratic Party membership for the election and run for his first full term as an Independent.


1977 Pittsburgh mayoral election, Primary elections
Allegheny County Commissioner Tom Foerster, a powerful party leader, won the Democratic Primary. He was victorious in a contentious battle over city Controller Frank Luccino and fellow city Councilman Jim Sims.


1977 Pittsburgh mayoral election, General election
Caliguiri had originally planned not to seek reelection, but a personal clash with Foerster over environmental issues and mass transit funding led to Caliguiri reentering the race; because the filing deadline for the primary had already passed, the Democrat was forced to run as an independent. With Republican attorney Joe Cosetti a nonfactor in the heavily Democratic city, Caliguiri emerged victorious in a highly contested race between two fixtures of area politics. A total of 143,967 votes were cast.


1977 Pontins Professional
The 1977 Pontins Professional was the fourth edition of the professional invitational snooker tournament which took place in May 1977 in Prestatyn, Wales.


1977 Pontins Professional
The tournament featured twelve professional players. Eight players were eliminated in the group stage, with the other four advancing to the group play-offs.


1977 Pontins Professional
John Spencer won the event, beating John Pulman 7–5 in the final.


1977 Portland Timbers season
The 1977 Portland Timbers season was the third season for the Portland Timbers in the now-defunct North American Soccer League.


1977 Portland Timbers season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1977 Portland Timbers season, North American Soccer League, Pacific Conference, Western Division standings
Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = PointsSource:


1977 Pot Black
The 1977 Pot Black was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which was held in the Pebble Mill Studios in Birmingham, and this year, the tournament expanded from 8 to 12 players. All matches were one-frame shoot-outs.


1977 Pot Black
Broadcasts were on BBC2 and started at 21:00 on Friday 7 January 1977  Alan Weeks presented the programme with Ted Lowe as commentator and Sydney Lee as referee.


1977 Pot Black
With 12 players now competing in this series, The round robin format has now become 4 groups of 3 players. The two debutants Perrie Mans and Doug Mountjoy faced each other in the final which Mans won 90-21


1977 Pot Black, Main draw
The draw for the group stages was done by Denis Howell, the Minister of Sport and shown before the first match.


1977 Prague Skate
The International Figure Skating Competition was held in November 11–13, 1977. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles and ladies' singles.


1977 Preakness Stakes
The 1977 Preakness Stakes was the 102nd running of the $200,000 Grade 1 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 21, 1977, and was televised in the United States on the ABC television network. Seattle Slew, who was jockeyed by Jean Cruguet, won the race by one and one half lengths over runner-up Iron Constitution. Approximate post time was 5:41 p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:54-2/5. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 77,346, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1977.


1977 President's Cup Football Tournament
The 1977 President Park's Cup International Football Tournament (Korean: 제7회 박대통령컵 쟁탈 국제축구대회) was the seventh competition of Korea Cup. It was held from 3 to 15 September 1977, and was won by Paulista under-21 (São Paulo state) for the second time, who defeated South Korea in the final.


1977 Primera División de Chile
The 1977 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Profesional was first tier's 45th season. Unión Española was the tournament's champion, winning its fifth title.


1977 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1977 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. Princeton finished sixth in the Ivy League.


1977 Princeton Tigers football team
In their fifth and final year under head coach Robert Casciola, the Tigers compiled a 3–6 record and were outscored 144 to 137. Bobby L. Isom and Lawrence P. Lutz were the team captains.


1977 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton's 3–4 conference record placed sixth in the Ivy League standings. The Tigers outscored Ivy opponents 118 to 103.


1977 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.


1977 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The 1977 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 2 October 1977. It was the 56th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.


1977 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The winner was Alleged, a three-year-old colt trained in Ireland by Vincent O'Brien and ridden by Lester Piggott. Alleged became the fourth Irish-trained horse to win the race twice after Ballymoss (also trained by O'Brien) in 1957 and Levmoss in 1970. Piggott had previously won the race on Rheingold in 1973.


1977 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, The contenders
The favourite for the race was Alleged, who had won four of his five races including the Royal Whip Stakes, Gallinule Stakes and Great Voltigeur Stakes. His main rivals in the betting were the British filly Dunfermline, who had inflicted Alleged's only defeat in the St Leger Stakes, the Prix du Jockey Club winner Crystal Palace, the four-year-old Crow, and the five-year-old Orange Bay. The best of the other French contenders appeared to be Malacate (Irish Derby), Kamicia (Prix Vermeille) and Fabuleux Jane. The international entry included the New Zealand-bred, British-trained Balmerino, Mia from Argentina, Cunning Trick from the United States and Vivi from Germany. Alleged started at odds of 3.9/1 ahead of Crystal Palace, Dunfermline and Orange Bay on 8/1 and Crow on 19/2.


1977 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, The race
Piggott sent Alleged into the lead from the start and set a steady pace with Crystal Palace, Crow and Orange Bay close behind. With no designated pacemakers and none of the recognised stayers making any attempt to challenge for the lead, the Irish colt was allowed to dictate the pace and on the downhill run towards the turn into the straight he led from Crystal Palace, Crow, Montcontour, Orange Bay and Yelpana. On the final turn, Alleged accelerated clear of the field and opened up a lead of four lengths. Although several horses made progress in the closing stages, Alleged was never seriously challenged and won by one and a half lengths from Balmerino, with Crystal Palace taking third, just ahead of Dunfermline and Crow. The winning time was 2:30.6.


1977 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, Full result
* Abbreviations: ns = nose; shd = short-head; hd = head; snk = short neck; nk = neck


1977 Pro Bowl
The 1977 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 27th annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1976 season. The game was played on Monday, January 17, 1977, at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington in front of a crowd of 63,214. The final score was AFC 24, NFC 14.


1977 Pro Bowl
Chuck Noll of the Pittsburgh Steelers led the AFC team against an NFC team coached by Los Angeles Rams head coach Chuck Knox. The referee was Chuck Heberling.


1977 Pro Bowl
Mel Blount of the Pittsburgh Steelers was named the game's Most Valuable Player. Players on the winning AFC team received $2,000 apiece while the NFC participants each took home $1,500.


1977 Pro Bowl, Rosters
Quarterbacks – Bert Jones (BAL), Ken Stabler (OAK), Ken Anderson (CIN), Roger Staubach (DAL), Fran Tarkenton (MIN), Jim Hart (STL),


1977 Pro Bowl, Rosters
Running backs – Chuck Foreman (MIN), Lawrence McCutcheon (RAM), Terry Metcalf (STL), Lydell Mitchell (BAL), Walter Payton (CHI), Franco Harris (PIT)


1977 Pro Bowl, Rosters
Wide receivers – Cliff Branch (OAK), Ken Burrough (HOU), Mel Gray (STL), Harold Jackson (LA), Nat Moore (MIA), Drew Pearson (DAL), Lynn Swann (PIT), Sammy White (MIN)


1977 Pro Bowl, Rosters
Tight ends – Dave Casper (OAK), Billy Joe Dupree (DAL), Russ Francis (NE), Jean Fuggett (WSH)


1977 Pro Bowl, Rosters
Offensive tackles – Doug France (RAM), Art Shell (OAK), Dan Dierdorf (STL), George Kunz (BAL), Russ Washington (SD), Ron Yary (MIN)


1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Punjab in 1977. The result was a victory for Shiromani Akali Dal, which won 58 of the 117 seats.


1977 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1977 Purdue Boilermakers football team represented Purdue University in the 1977 Big Ten Conference football season.


1977 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Staff
Assistants: Bob Bockrath, Leon Burtnett, Mike Hankwitz, Randy Hart, John Mackovic, Doug Redmann, Larry Thompson, Ed Zaunbrecher


1977 Queen's Club Championships
The 1977 Queen's Club Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom that was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix. It was the 75th edition of the tournament and was held from 13 June through 18 June 1977. Raúl Ramírez won the singles title.


1977 Queen's Club Championships, Finals, Doubles
Anand Amritraj /  Vijay Amritraj defeated  John Lloyd /  David Lloyd 6–1, 6–2


1977 Queen's Club Championships – Doubles
Anand Amritraj and Vijay Amritraj won the doubles title at the 1977 Queen's Club Championships tennis tournament defeating David Lloyd and John Lloyd in the final 6–1, 6–2.


1977 Queen's Club Championships – Singles
Raúl Ramírez won the singles title at the 1977 Queen's Club Championships tennis tournament defeating  Mark Cox in the final 9–7, 7–5.


1977 Queensland state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 12 November 1977 to elect the 82 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1977 Queensland state election
The election resulted in a fourth consecutive victory for the National-Liberal Coalition under Joh Bjelke-Petersen. It was the eighth victory of the National Party in Queensland since it first came to office in 1957.


1977 Queensland state election, Issues
The major issue in the election was law and order. In 1977, the Government had passed a law making it illegal to march in the street without a permit, which were rarely given. The Coalition argued that this prevented traffic disruption and other inconveniences to the people of Brisbane, while the ALP claimed that it was a curtailment of civil liberties. Joh Bjelke-Petersen also no longer had the Whitlam Labor Government (which was unpopular in Queensland) to use as a campaigning tool.


1977 Queensland state election, Result
The Labor Party gained twelve seats from the Coalition and Independents, making something of a recovery from its disastrous 1974 performance. Even so, the Coalition retained a commanding majority in the Legislative Assembly.


1977 Queensland state election, Result
For the first time, the National Party won more votes than the Liberal party (an electoral malapportionment had allowed the Nationals to win more seats than the Liberals previously). The Liberal Party had begun to decline.


1977 Queensland state election, Result
The Democratic Labor Party had ceased to exist. The Australian Democrats contested their first election in Queensland.


1977 Queensland state election, Results
Queensland state election, 12 November 1977Legislative Assembly << 1974–1980 >>


1977 Queensland state election, Results
New parties in this election were the Australian Democrats, who stood 12 candidates, and the Progress Party, who stood 27 candidates.


1977 Race of Champions
The XII Race of Champions was a non-championship Formula One race held at Brands Hatch on 20 March 1977. The 40-lap race was won by Englishman James Hunt, driving a McLaren-Cosworth, who also set the fastest lap. South African Jody Scheckter finished second in a Wolf-Cosworth, while Northern Irishman John Watson finished third in a Brabham-Alfa Romeo, having started from pole position.


1977 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1977 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 13 February 1977 and ended on 17 March 1977.


1977 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1977, Leinster won the cup following a 2-17 to 1–13 defeat of Munster in the final. This was their 17th Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1975.


1977 Raquette d'Or
The 1977 Raquette d'Or was a men's tennis tournament staged in Aix-en-Provence, France that was part of the One star category of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was played on outdoor clay courts and was held from 26 September until 2 October 1977. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament. Ilie Năstase won the singles title. In a five-set final against Guillermo Vilas he had won the first two sets when Vilas retired in protest of Năstase's use of a spaghetti strung racquet (which was banned shortly after by the ITF).


1977 Raquette d'Or, Finals, Doubles
Ilie Năstase /  Ion Țiriac defeated  Patrice Dominguez /  Rolf Norberg 1–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–3


1977 Ready Plan Insurance Phillip Island 500K
The 1977 Ready Plan Insurance Phillip Island 500K was a motor race staged at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 20 November 1977. It was final round of the 1977 Australian Touring Car Championship and of the 1977 Australian Championship of Makes, and as such was open to Group C Touring Cars. The race was won by Allan Grice driving a Holden Torana.


1977 Ready Plan Insurance Phillip Island 500K, Class system
As the race was a round of the 1977 Australian Championship of Makes, cars competed in four engine displacement classes:


1977 Ready Plan Insurance Phillip Island 500K, Race results
There were 48 starters and 28 classified finishers in the race.


1977 Revisited
1977 Revisited – a Collection of Rare Tracks and B-Sides is a compilation CD by The Clash, released in the US in 1990 on Relativity Records via CBS Special Products and compiled by Anthony Valentino.


1977 Revisited
The CD contains four of the five songs that were deleted from the American edition of The Clash (excluding the original version of "White Riot"), two non-LP songs from The Cost of Living, 3 B-sides and a live song.


1977 Revisited
All songs except "London's Burning" later appeared on Clash on Broadway, and later all songs (including "London's Burning") appeared on the various singles in Singles Box.


1977 Revisited
The CD cover features a reprint of an article by Mick Farren originally published in Soho News while the insert contains a brief essay by Ira Robbins that describes the original sources of the track selection. Many of the songs released are considered original releases.


1977 Rhode Island Rams football team
The 1977 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island in the Yankee Conference during the 1977 NCAA Division II football season. In their second season under head coach Bob Griffin, the Rams compiled a 6–5 record (4–1 against conference opponents) and finished in second place in the conference.


1977 Rhodesian general election
General elections were held in Rhodesia on 31 August 1977, the last general elections in the country dominated by the white minority. Prime Minister Ian Smith, who was conducting negotiations with moderate African nationalists, was forced into an early election by the defection of twelve MPs from his Rhodesian Front party, which denied him the two-thirds majority of the House of Assembly needed to change the constitution. In the event, the Front overwhelmed the breakaway Rhodesian Action Party and all other forces, once again winning every single seat in the 50 seats elected by those of European descent.


1977 Rhodesian general election, Electoral system
The electorate of Rhodesia returned 66 members of the House of Assembly of Rhodesia, in three different classes of seat:


1977 Rhodesian general election, Electoral system
Both European and African rolls had a range of property qualifications. No change to boundaries or the qualification of voters was made compared to the 1974 election.


1977 Rhodesian general election, Subsequent by-elections, Pagati
Fani Mlingo died on 15 February 1978. On 31 March 1978, Joseph Jumo Bheka was returned unopposed to replace him. Bheka was a supporter of Bishop Abel Muzorewa.


1977 Rhodesian general election, Subsequent by-elections, Lowveld
Simeon Chengeta died on 19 March 1978. On 19 July 1978, a by-election was held in Lowveld. John Adonia Hungwe defeated Simon Dzichaperanhamo Bhene.


1977 Rhodesian general election, Subsequent by-elections, Highlands North
A by-election was held in the Highlands North constituency on 21 July 1978 to replace Fergus Blackie, who had been appointed as a Judge and resigned on 15 May 1978. This by-election occurred after the internal settlement agreement, and the Rhodesian Front candidate was therefore opposed not only by the National Unifying Force (pressing for a full settlement with African nationalists) but by two right-wing candidates opposed to any deals: the Rhodesian Action Party and the Rhodesian Conservative Alliance.


1977 Rhodesian general election, Subsequent by-elections, Gwelo
Roger Hawkins resigned from the Assembly due to ill health on 30 November 1978, leading to a by-election in Gwelo on 30 January 1979.


1977 Rhodesian general election, Subsequent by-elections, Mazoe
George Rollo Hayman resigned on 27 December 1978, claiming that the power-sharing government could easily fall under the control of a terrorist group. He then resigned from the Assembly to seek re-election. This by-election, held on 6 February 1979, was the last election conducted before the advent of the new constitution.


1977 Rhodesian general election, Subsequent by-elections, Vacancy at dissolution
Donald Goldin (Wankie) died on 12 February 1979. The seat was not filled before Parliament was dissolved.


1977 Rice Owls football team
The 1977 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University in the Southwest Conference during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their second year under head coach Homer Rice, the team compiled a 1–10 record.


1977 Richmond Tennis Classic
The 1977 Richmond Tennis Classic was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Richmond Coliseum in Richmond, Virginia, United States. The event was part 1977 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from February 1 through February 6, 1977. Unseeded Tom Okker won the singles title and earned $30,000 first-prize money.


1977 Richmond Tennis Classic, Finals, Doubles
Wojciech Fibak /  Tom Okker defeated  Ross Case /  Tony Roche 6–4, 6–4


1977 River Plate Championships (tennis)
The first 1977 ATP Buenos Aires, also known as the River Plate Championships, was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor clay courts at the Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club in Buenos Aires, Argentina and held from 14 April through 17 April 1977. First-seeded Guillermo Vilas won the singles title.


1977 River Plate Championships (tennis), Finals, Doubles
Wojciech Fibak /  Ion Ţiriac defeated  Lito Álvarez /  Guillermo Vilas 7–5, 0–6, 7–6


1977 Romanian local elections
Local elections were held in the Socialist Republic of Romania on 20 November 1977.


1977 Romanian local elections
A mandate represented two and a half years, according to 1965 Constitution of Romania.


1977 Romika Cup
The 1977 Romika Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the MTTC Iphitos in Munich, West Germany. It was part of the 1977 Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized as a Two Star event. The tournament was held from 26 April through 1 May 1977. Željko Franulović won the singles title.


1977 Romika Cup, Finals, Singles
Željko Franulović defeated  Víctor Pecci Sr. 6–1, 6–1, 6–7, 7–5


1977 Romika Cup, Finals, Doubles
František Pala /  Balázs Taróczy defeated  Nikola Špear /  John Whitlinger 6–3, 6–4


1977 Romika Cup – Doubles
Juan Gisbert, Sr. and Manuel Orantes were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.


1977 Romika Cup – Doubles
František Pala and Balázs Taróczy won the title, defeating Nikola Špear and John Whitlinger 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


1977 Romika Cup – Singles
Manuel Orantes was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.


1977 Romika Cup – Singles
Željko Franulović won the title, defeating Victor Pecci Sr. 6–1, 6–1, 6–7, 7–5 in the final.


1977 Rose Bowl
The 1977 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 1977. It was the 63rd Rose Bowl Game. The USC Trojans, champions of the Pacific-8 Conference, defeated the Michigan Wolverines, champions of the Big Ten Conference, 14–6.


1977 Rose Bowl
USC quarterback Vince Evans was named the Rose Bowl Player of the Game, and Trojan freshman tailback Charles White, subbing for Heisman Trophy runner-up Ricky Bell, who was injured in the first quarter, rushed for 114 yards and a touchdown. It was the third consecutive win for the Pac-8 in the Rose Bowl, and the seventh of the last eight.


1977 Rose Bowl, Teams, Michigan
Michigan won their first eight games and spent most of the season ranked first in the polls, until a 16–14 upset loss to Purdue on November 6. They capped off their Big Ten championship with a 22–0 shutout of arch rival Ohio State; they were ranked second in both major polls at the end of the regular season.


1977 Rose Bowl, Teams, USC
Under first-year head coach John Robinson, USC was upset in the season opener at home by Missouri, 46–25. It was the Trojans' fifth-straight regular season loss, dating back to the prior season when John McKay had announced his end-of-season resignation (leaving for the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL). USC won the rest of their games in 1976, climaxed by a 24–14 win over #2 UCLA to clinch the conference championship, and a subsequent 17–13 victory over Notre Dame.


1977 Rose Bowl, Aftermath
Undefeated Pittsburgh, led by Heisman Trophy winner Tony Dorsett, was the consensus #1 team entering the bowls and played #4 Georgia in the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans. USC and Michigan hoped Georgia would upset Pitt to set up the Rose Bowl as a national championship showdown, but Pitt had a dominant 27–3 win earlier in the day to keep its top ranking in the final polls; USC finished second and Michigan dropped only to third.


1977 Rothmans 500
The 1977 Rothmans 500 was an endurance race for Group C Touring Cars. The event was staged at the Oran Park Raceway in New South Wales on 12 June 1977 over 222 laps of the "Grand Prix" circuit, totalling 582 km. Competing cars were divided into the following three classes based on engine capacity:


1977 Rothmans 500
This was the first of two "Rothmans 500" events held at Oran Park, the second and final race being the 1978 Rothmans 500.


1977 Rothmans Canadian Open
The 1977 Rothmans Canadian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the National Tennis Centre in Toronto in Canada that was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix and of the 1977 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from August 15 through August 22, 1977.


1977 Rothmans Canadian Open, Finals, Men's Doubles
Bob Hewitt /  Raúl Ramírez defeated  Fred McNair /  Sherwood Stewart 6–4, 3–6, 6–2


1977 Rothmans Canadian Open, Finals, Women's Doubles
Delina Ann Boshoff /  Ilana Kloss defeated  Rosemary Casals /  Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–2, 6–3


1977 Rothmans International Series
The 1977 Rothmans International Series was an Australian motor racing competition  open to Formula 5000 Racing Cars. The series, which was the second Rothmans International Series, was won by Warwick Brown driving a Lola T430 Chevrolet.


1977 Rothmans International Series, Schedule
The series was contested over four rounds with one race per round.


1977 Rothmans International Series, Points system
Series points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places at each round.


1977 Rothmans International Series, Series results
There were only five classified finishers at the Sandown Park round.


1977 Rudé Právo Cup
The 1977 Rudé Právo Cup was the first edition of the Rudé Právo Cup ice hockey tournament. Three teams participated in the tournament, which was won by the Soviet Union.


1977 Rugby League World Cup
The 1977 Rugby League World Cup was the eighth Rugby League World Cup tournament and was held in Australasia, with games played during May and June in both Australia and New Zealand. It featured four teams: Great Britain and France in addition to the two host nations. All teams played each other once, resulting in a top two of Great Britain and Australia who played in the tournament final at the Sydney Cricket Ground with the home team winning by one point.


1977 Rugby League World Cup
The tournament as held during the 1977 NSWRFL season and 1977 New Zealand rugby league season. That the final would be between Great Britain and Australia soon became obvious, with France and New Zealand both performing poorly.


1977 Rugby League World Cup, Matches, Final
After their 19–5 win over Great Britain a week earlier at Lang Park in Brisbane (which actually drew 2,543 more fans than the Final), the Australians went into the Final as warm favourites. However, led by experienced captain Roger Millward, the Lions managed to dominate possession throughout the game, and it took a last minute try from Australian halfback John Kolc (playing his only international game for Australia) to secure the Cup in front of 24,457 spectators at the Sydney Cricket Ground.


1977 Rugby League World Cup, Matches, Final, 1st Half
The Australian's opened the scoring through Allan McMahon who scored in the Paddington corner. Michael Cronin kicked the sideline conversion and Australia led 5–0. Great Britain soon his back with a try to Steve Pitchford. George Fairbairn converted the try to lock the scores at 5–5. The match was then highlighted by a 60-metre try to Australian centre Russel Gartner who pounced on a dropped ball from Lions fullback Fairbairn after a Great Britain scrum win to race away and score.


1977 Rugby League World Cup, Matches, Final, 1st Half
Only converging defence from Gartner's opposite number Les Dyl kept him from scoring closer to the posts, giving Cronin a difficult conversion from midway between the posts and the touch line. Cronin missed the attempt and the Australian's led 8–5. Fairbairn then kicked a penalty goal to make the scores 8–7 closing in on half time.


1977 Rugby League World Cup, Matches, Final, 1st Half
Late in the first half the gritty and determined Lions were considered unlucky not to score when they were denied what would have been a certain try to winger Stuart Wright by English referee Billy Thompson. Wright had intercepted a pass from Cronin to Mark Harris 15 metres from the Australian line and was racing downfield with no one near him when Thompson called play back for an obstruction penalty to Great Britain rather than play advantage. Had Wright scored, and likely under the posts, it could have given the visitors a 12–8 lead going into the break. Instead, soon after Cronoin kicked a penalty goal from in front of the posts to make the score 10–7 going into half time.


1977 Rugby League World Cup, Matches, Final, 2nd Half
Australia took the lead out to 13–7 after a try to John Kolc in the Randwick corner in front of the Bradman Stand. Fairbairn had dropped a downfield kick by Cronin and the ball was pounced upon by Allan McMahon. From acting half, Kolc then dummied which fooled Fairbairn and Bill Francis and he raced away to score in the corner. Cronin missed the difficult kick from the sideline and the score remained at 13–7.


1977 Rugby League World Cup, Matches, Final, 2nd Half
The Lions then hit back with a try under the posts to replacement back Ken Gill which was converted by Fairbairn to bring the scores to 13–12.


1977 Rugby League World Cup, Matches, Final, 2nd Half
After Kolc was penalised for using an elbow on Roger Millward who was chasing his own chip-kick, Fairbairn then had a late chance to give Great Britain the lead with a penalty goal from 45 metres out, though his went just to the right of the posts into the waiting arms of Australian fullback Graham Eadie who took full advantage of the Lions defence line still being near halfway to run the ball back outside the Australian quarter line.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final
The 1977 Rugby League World Cup Final was the conclusive game of the 1977 Rugby League World Cup tournament and was played between Australia and Great Britain on 25 June 1977 at the Sydney Cricket Ground in Australia.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Background
The 1977 Rugby League World Cup was the eighth staging of the Rugby League World Cup since its inauguration in 1954, and the first since the 1972 tournament. The tournament was held in the Australia and New Zealand from 29 May, culminating in the final between Australia and Great Britain on 25 June.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details
Although this was an international match, the Kangaroos player numbers were as used in Australia at the time with the forwards numbers being reversed (e.g. the front rowers wore numbers 11 and 13 rather than 8 and 10). Great Britain played in the standard international numbers.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details
After their 19–5 win over Great Britain a week earlier at Lang Park in Brisbane (which actually drew 2,543 more fans than the Final), the Australians went into the Final as warm favourites. However, led by experienced captain Roger Millward, the Lions managed to dominate possession throughout the game, and it took a last minute try from Australian halfback John Kolc (playing his only international game for Australia) to secure the Cup in front of 24,457 spectators at the Sydney Cricket Ground.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details, 1st Half
The Australian's opened the scoring through Allan McMahon who scored in the Paddington corner. Michael Cronin kicked the sideline conversion and Australia led 5–0. Great Britain soon his back with a try to Steve Pitchford. George Fairbairn converted the try to lock the scores at 5–5. The match was then highlighted by a 60-metre try to Australian centre Russel Gartner who pounced on a dropped ball from Lions fullback Fairbairn after a Great Britain scrum win to race away and score.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details, 1st Half
Only converging defence from Gartner's opposite number Les Dyl kept him from scoring closer to the posts, giving Cronin a difficult conversion from midway between the posts and the touch line. Cronin missed the attempt and the Australian's led 8–5. Fairbairn then kicked a penalty goal to make the scores 8–7 closing in on half time.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details, 1st Half
Late in the first half the gritty and determined Lions were considered unlucky not to score when they were denied what would have been a certain try to winger Stuart Wright by English referee Billy Thompson. Wright had intercepted a pass from Cronin to Mark Harris 15 metres from the Australian line and was racing downfield with no one near him when Thompson called play back for an obstruction penalty to Great Britain rather than play advantage. Had Wright scored, and likely under the posts, it could have given the visitors a 12–8 lead going into the break. Instead, soon after Cronoin kicked a  penalty goal from in front of the posts to make the score 10–7 going into half time.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details, 2nd Half
Australia took the lead out to 13–7 after a try to John Kolc in the Randwick corner in front of the Bradman Stand. Fairbairn had dropped a downfield kick by Cronin and the ball was pounced upon by Allan McMahon. From acting half, Kolc then dummied which fooled Fairbairn and Bill Francis and he raced away to score in the corner. Cronin missed the difficult kick from the sideline and the score remained at 13–7.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details, 2nd Half
The Lions then hit back with a try under the posts to replacement back Ken Gill which was converted by Fairbairn to bring the scores to 13–12.


1977 Rugby League World Cup Final, Match details, 2nd Half
After Kolc was penalised for using an elbow on Roger Millward who was chasing his own chip-kick, Fairbairn then had a late chance to give Great Britain the lead with a penalty goal from 45 metres out, though his went just to the right of the posts into the waiting arms of Australian fullback Graham Eadie who took full advantage of the Lions defence line still being near halfway to run the ball back outside the Australian quarter line.


1977 Rugby League World Cup squads
The 1977 Rugby League World Cup involved players from the national rugby league football teams of four countries: Australia, France, Great Britain and New Zealand.


1977 Russian flu
The 1977 Russian flu was an influenza pandemic that was first reported by the Soviet Union in 1977 and lasted until 1979. The outbreak in northern China started in May 1977, slightly earlier than that in the Soviet Union. The pandemic mostly affected population younger than 25 or 26 years of age, and resulted in approximately 700,000 deaths worldwide. It was caused by an H1N1 flu strain which highly resembled a virus strain circulating worldwide from 1946 to 1957. Genetic analysis and several unusual characteristics of the 1977 Russian flu have prompted many researchers to speculate that the virus was released to the public through a laboratory accident, or resulted from a live-vaccine trial escape.


1977 Russian flu, History of outbreak
In May 1977, an outbreak of flu took place in northern China including Liaoning, Jilin and Tianjin. The strain was isolated and determined by Chinese researchers to be H1N1, which mostly affected students in middle and primary schools who lacked immunity to H1N1 virus. Clinical symptoms were relatively mild. Other areas in mainland China and British Hong Kong were also affected in the following months.


1977 Russian flu, History of outbreak
In the same year, the H1N1 strain was detected in Siberia shortly after the outbreak in China, and then spread rapidly across the Soviet Union, which was the first country to report the outbreak to the World Health Organization (the People's Republic of China was not a member of WHO until 1981). Therefore, the pandemic was named "Russian flu".


1977 Russian flu, History of outbreak
In 1977, the Russian flu hit the United Kingdom. The virus reached the United States in January 1978. The first outbreak in the U.S was reported in a high school in Cheyenne, where the clinical attack rate was more than 70% but involved solely students. Even though infections were seen in schools and military bases throughout the U.S, there were few reports of infection in people older than 26, and the death rate in affected individuals was low.


1977 Russian flu, History of outbreak
Since late 1977, the H1N1 strain has begun to co-circulate with the H3N2 strain in humans, as seasonal flu.


1977 Russian flu, Virology
There have been various H1N1 strains. The 1977 H1N1 strain was almost identical to (but not the same as) the strain in the 1950s, which was not circulating around the world until its reappearance in 1977. (Meanwhile there had been some isolated report of other H1N1 strain such as the one in the early 1960s) This feature of the 1977 strain has been interpreted as an anthropogenic origin of the virus.


1977 Russian flu, Clinical statistics
The Russian flu was relatively benign. In 1977, Chinese researchers found uneven attack rates among different groups of students, as well as many mild and asymptomatic infections. In the United States, some researchers estimate the influenza mortality rate (not the infection fatality rate or the case fatality rate) around 5 in every 100,000 population, less than that of the typical seasonal influenza (~6 in every 100,000 population). Most of the infected people were under the age of 26 or 25. It is estimated that 700,000 people died due to the Russian flu pandemic worldwide.


1977 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team
The 1977 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. In their fifth season under head coach Frank R. Burns, the Scarlet Knights compiled an 8-3 record while competing as an independent. The team outscored its opponents 291 to 181. The team's statistical leaders included Bret Kosup with 1,445 passing yards, Glen Kehler with 866 rushing yards, and George Carter with 391 receiving yards.


1977 Ryder Cup
The 22nd Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, England. The United States team won the competition by a score of 121⁄2 to 71⁄2 points.


1977 Ryder Cup
The event was the last time that a Great Britain and Ireland team would compete for the Ryder Cup. During the competition, officials from the PGA of America and the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland discussed the possibility of allowing players from continental Europe to participate in the Cup, and Jack Nicklaus also advocated this change in a meeting with Lord Derby. The Deed of Trust that was struck with the PGA of Great Britain and Samuel Ryder was amended in time for the 1979 matches, and changed the popularity and competitive balance of the Ryder Cup.


1977 Ryder Cup, Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format was reduced in scope from the formats used from 1963 through 1975, with only 20 matches played instead of 32. The schedule of play was as follows:


1977 Ryder Cup, Format
With a total of 20 points, 101⁄2 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.


1977 Ryder Cup, Individual player records
Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player.


1977 SANFL Grand Final
The 1977 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Port Adelaide Football Club and the Glenelg Football Club, held at Football Park on Saturday 24 September 1977. It was the 79th annual Grand Final of the South Australian National Football League, staged to determine the premiers of the 1977 SANFL season. The match, attended by 56,717 spectators, was won by Port Adelaide by a margin of 8 points, marking that club's twenty-fourth premiership victory.


1977 SANFL Grand Final, Background, Centenary of the SANFL
In 1977 the SANFL celebrated its centenary, commemorating 100 years since the inaugural 1877 SAFA season. All SANFL clubs that year wore a patch commemorating the milestone.


1977 SANFL Grand Final, Background, Port Adelaide's premiership drought
The 12-year period leading up to the 1977 SANFL Grand Final included six grand final losses for Port Adelaide, with four to Sturt and two to North Adelaide.


1977 SANFL Grand Final, Physicality
The 1977 Grand Final was a physical affair with Port Adelaide wingman Bruce Light reported for striking, Kym Kinnear was concussed by Graham Cornes and taken from the ground, and several other players sustaining injuries throughout the match. Twenty players were involved in a brawl at the half-time siren.


1977 SANFL Grand Final, Physicality
Twenty-four-year-old Randall Gerlach retired after the game after playing for two years with kidney problems.


1977 SANFL Grand Final, End of 12-year Premiership Drought for Port Adelaide
The 1977 premiership marked the end of a 12-year period for Port Adelaide without winning a premiership (a long time by club standards). The 1977 premiership was the first of four premierships in five years for Port Adelaide, with premierships in 1979, 1980 and 1981. Port Adelaide supporters voted the 1977 SANFL Grand Final as the fourth-greatest moment of the club's history at Football Park in August 2013.


1977 SANFL Grand Final, 2007 AFL Heritage Round
In the 2007 AFL Heritage Round, Port Adelaide wore a replica of their 1977 jumper. Playing in the Port Adelaide team were Brett Ebert, son of Russell Ebert; and Chad and Kane Cornes, sons of Graham Cornes.


1977 SANFL season
The 1977 South Australian National Football League season was the 98th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia and marked 100 years since the inaugural 1877 SAFA season.


1977 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1977 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season.


1977 Sacramento State Hornets football team
The 1977 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State University during the 1977 NCAA Division II football season.


1977 Sacramento State Hornets football team
Sacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by second-year head coach Glenn Brady. They played home games at Hornet Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished the season winless, with a record of no wins, ten losses and one tie (0–10–1, 0–4–1 FWC). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 71–379 for the season, and included shutouts by scores of 0–56 vs. Louisiana Tech and 0–75 vs. Nevada.


1977 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL
No Sacramento State players were selected in the 1978 NFL Draft.


1977 Saffron Walden by-election
The Saffron Walden by-election of 7 July 1977 was held after the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Peter Kirk on 16 April that year. The Conservatives held on to the seat in the by-election.


1977 Salop County Council election
Elections to Salop County Council were held on Thursday, 5 May 1977. The whole council of 63 members was up for election and the result was that the Independents gained a narrow majority of one, from no overall control, winning 32 seats, a net gain of two. The Conservatives gained eight seats, ending as the second largest political group with 22, while Labour lost eleven seats and the Liberals gained one, ending with five and four respectively.


1977 Salvadoran presidential election
Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 20 February 1977.


1977 Salvadoran presidential election
The result was a victory for Carlos Humberto Romero of the Party of National Conciliation, who received 67.3% of the vote. However, the election was characterised by massive fraud, with officials of the National Opposing Union (UNO, an alliance of the Christian Democratic Party, National Revolutionary Movement and Nationalist Democratic Union) intercepting military radio transmissions ordering ballot box stuffing, whilst their election officials were assaulted and ejected from polling stations. According to credible witnesses, in sixteen districts where an honest count was made, the UNO candidate, Ernesto Antonio Claramount Roseville, won around 75% of the vote.


1977 San Diego Chargers season
The 1977 San Diego Chargers season was the franchise's eighth season in the National Football League (NFL), and its 18th overall. It was Tommy Prothro's final full season as the team's head coach.


1977 San Diego Chargers season
The 7-7 record allowed the Chargers to break a string of seven consecutive losing seasons. It was their best mark since the AFL-NFL merger.


1977 San Diego Padres season
The 1977 San Diego Padres season was the 9th season in franchise history.


1977 San Diego Padres season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 San Diego Padres season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1977 San Diego Padres season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 San Diego Padres season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 San Diego Padres season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1977 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 1977 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State University during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season as an independent.


1977 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The team was led by head coach Claude Gilbert, in his fifth year, and played home games at San Diego Stadium in San Diego, California. They finished the season ranked #16 in the AP Poll and #18 in the UPI Poll, with a record of ten wins and one loss (10–1).


1977 San Francisco 49ers season
The 1977 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 28th season in the National Football League and their 32nd overall. Hoping to build on an 8–6 campaign one season ago, the team struggled and was again unable to qualify for the playoffs, this time posting a record of 5–9, including starting the season 0–5.