1970 Finnish parliamentary election, Background
Mauno Koivisto had replaced Rafael Paasio as leader of the Social Democratic Party and Prime Minister in March 1968. His government was very broad-based, including the Social Democrats, the Centre Party, the Finnish People's Democratic League, the Swedish People's Party and the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders, with over four-fifths of MPs belonging to the governing parties. Koivisto's government implemented some liberal reforms, including the sale of medium-strength beer in grocery stores and kiosks, and abortion on demand (allowed also for social reasons, in addition to medical ones). The government helped the Finnish economy to grow by pursuing its predecessor's policies of subsidising export companies and fixed-term public works or government-funded jobs.


1970 Finnish parliamentary election, Background
Centralized incomes agreements between the employers' organizations, labour unions and government became a part of the Finnish "consensus" (broad agreement) politics. On the other hand, quickly proceeding urbanization and industrialization caused many young people and young adults to leave from the countryside, and tens of thousands of Finns moved to Sweden in pursuit of a higher standard of living. Smallholders were severely affected, particularly in eastern and northern Finland.


1970 Finnish parliamentary election, Background
The populist Finnish Rural Party benefited from this discontent, and its charismatic leader, former Assistant Finance Minister and presidential candidate Veikko Vennamo accused the "old parties" of deliberately worsening the farmers' living standards, emptying the countryside and appeasing the Soviet Union too much by, for example, discouraging its open criticism in the Finnish political debate and media.


1970 Finnish parliamentary election, Background
The increasing mocking and criticism of Christianity, traditional family values, patriotism, army and military service, and parents' and teachers' authority also helped the Rural Party and the National Coalition Party to score big gains in the elections. The opposition parties were irritated by the student radicals' "conquest" of the Old University Students' House in Helsinki in November 1968. Koivisto's government suffered heavy losses, totalling over 20 MPs, but it still had a majority. President Urho Kekkonen allowed the National Coalition Party's leader Juha Rihtniemi to try to form a new government.


1970 Finnish parliamentary election, Background
He was unable to form a majority government, and Kekkonen refused to allow him to form a minority centre-right government, claiming that such a government would fail in foreign policy (in other words, it would not gain the Soviet Union's trust). From May to July 1970, the Liberal city manager of Helsinki, Teuvo Aura, led a caretaker government. Long-time Foreign Minister Ahti Karjalainen managed to form a new centre-left majority government in July 1970, which excluded the National Coalition Party and Rural Party from power. One notable demographic change of these parliamentary elections was the election of several young (under 30-year-old) MPs reflecting the rising political activity of young Finns (the baby boomers), and the lowering of minimum voting age to 20 years.


1970 First National Tennis Classic
The 1970 First National Tennis Classic, also known as the Louisville Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Louisville Tennis Center in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from July 29 through August 3, 1970. The tournament was part of the 1970 Grand Prix tennis circuit and categorized in Class 2 with total prize money of $25,000. The singles final was won by Rod Laver who earned eight ranking points.


1970 First National Tennis Classic, Finals, Doubles
John Newcombe /  Tony Roche defeated  Roy Emerson /  Rod Laver 8–6, 5–7, 6–4


1970 Five Nations Championship
The 1970 Five Nations Championship was the forty-first series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the seventy-sixth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 10 January and 18 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.


1970 Five Nations Championship
The England v Wales game at Twickenham was notable for two injuries. Robert Calmet, the French referee, had to leave the field at half time and was replaced by Johnny Johnson of England. Then, with 15 minutes to go, Gareth Edwards of Wales left the field injured. In doing so, it was the only time in his Welsh international career that Edwards failed to finish a game. Chico Hopkins of Maesteg took over, and not only set up a try for JPR Williams, but then helped create history when he scored himself in injury time. It was the first try scored by a replacement player, to be awarded by a replacement referee at international level.


1970 Florida Attorney General election
The 1970 Florida Attorney General election was held on November 3, 1970. Robert L. Shervin would be elected winning 61.43% of the vote and defeated Thom Rumberger.


1970 Florida Attorney General election, Primary elections, Democratic Primary
The Democratic Party would hold its primary on September 8, 1970.


1970 Florida Attorney General election, Primary elections, Republican Primary
The Republican Party did not hold a primary as Thom Rumberger was unopposed.


1970 Florida Gators football team
The 1970 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The season was Florida alumnus Doug Dickey's first of nine as the new head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Dickey had been the starting quarterback for the Gators under coach Bob Woodruff in 1952 and 1953, and had previously served as the head coach of the Tennessee Volunteers before returning to his alma mater in 1970. Dickey's 1970 Florida Gators finished with a 7–4 overall record and a 3–3 record in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), tying for third among ten SEC teams.


1970 Florida State Seminoles baseball team
The 1970 Florida State Seminole baseball team represented Florida State University in the 1970 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Seminoles played their home games at Seminole Field. The team was coached by Jack Stallings in his 2nd season at Florida State.


1970 Florida State Seminoles baseball team
The Seminoles lost the College World Series, defeated by the USC Trojans in the championship game.


1970 Florida State Seminoles baseball team, Seminoles in the 1970 MLB Draft
The following members of the Florida State Seminoles baseball program were drafted in the 1970 Major League Baseball Draft.


1970 Florida State Seminoles football team
The 1970 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1970 NCAA University Division football season.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election
The 1970 Florida gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1970, to determine the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Florida, concurrent with the election to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Claude R. Kirk Jr. chose to run for a second term, with this being the first election in which the incumbent would be eligible for another four-year term. The first Republican elected governor since the Reconstruction Era, Kirk was challenged by Eckerd Corporation founder Jack Eckerd and State Senator Louis A. "Skip" Bafalis for his party's nomination. After failing to receive a majority, Kirk prevailed over Eckerd in a runoff. The primary for the Democratic Party nomination featured a four candidate field, with Florida Attorney General Earl Faircloth and President pro tempore of the Florida Senate Reubin Askew advancing to a runoff. Askew won the runoff and received the nomination of the Democratic Party.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election
This was the first election since the re-establishment of the office of Lieutenant Governor. Askew selected Florida Secretary of State Thomas Burton Adams Jr., while Kirk chose to run with incumbent Ray C. Osborne. Primarily due to controversial statements and actions during his term, as well as his inability to portray Askew as an extreme liberal as he had done with Robert King High in 1966, Kirk lost re-election to Askew in the general election by a margin of 56.88% to 43.12%.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, Overview
Incumbent Governor of Florida Claude R. Kirk Jr. was the first Republican who held Florida's governorship since Reconstruction. He was elected in 1966, when Republicans has made some gains in traditionally Democratic Deep South. During his tenure as governor, the Florida Legislature created a new Constitution in 1968, which was approved by voters on November 5, 1968. As part of the new Constitution, the office of Lieutenant Governor was re-established. Kirk appointed Ray C. Osborne, a Florida House of Representatives member from Pinellas County. The new Constitution also allowed for the Governor of Florida to serve two consecutive terms. Kirk was thus eligible for re-election in 1970.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, Republican primary
During the Republican primary, incumbent Claude Kirk was challenged by State Senator Louis A. Bafalis from Palm Beach and Eckerd founder Jack Eckerd of Clearwater. The Miami Herald endorsed Eckerd, stating that he is "an efficient campaigner with the ability to bring people together constructively. ... [Eckerd has] a common touch, dedication to high principle, and organizing genius." William C. Cramer, a powerful Republican in the state and the party's senate nominee for that year, publicly remained neutral during the primary, but voted for Eckerd. Later, Eckerd himself would state, "I was offended by his [Kirk's] public behavior and chagrined that he was a Republican."


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, Republican primary
In the primary election held on September 8, Kirk reached first place with 48.16% of the vote, compared to 38.37% for Eckerd, and 13.48% for Bafalis. However, because Kirk failed to receive a majority of the votes, he and Eckerd advanced to a run-offrelection.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Run-off
In the run-off election on September 29, Kirk received 199,943 votes versus Eckerd's 152,327 votes, by 47,616 votes – a margin of approximately 13.52%.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
In primaries, held on September 8, none of these candidates was able to win majority. As a result, the top two finishers, Faircloth and Askew, advanced to a runoff election.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Run-off
Although the primary election was a close race, Askew defeated Faircloth by a relatively wide margin in the run-off election on September 29. Askew earned 447,025 votes against Faircloth's 328,038 votes, by 312,158 votes – a margin of approximately 15.36%. Askew selected Florida Secretary of State Thomas Burton Adams Jr. to be his running mate.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, General election
In response to the schism between Cramer and Kirk, the Miami Herald endorsed Askew and noted that "Askew and Chiles form a logical team; Kirk and Cramer don’t". Kirk mocked Askew as a "momma’s boy who wouldn’t have the courage to stand up under the fire of the legislators" and as a "nice, sweet-looking fellow chosen by ‘liberals’ ... to front for them." Despite promising no new taxes and several attempts to label Askew a "liberal", Kirk had overseen what was then the largest tax increase in Florida history.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, General election
Askew and Adams defeated incumbents Governor Kirk and Lieutenant Governor Ray C. Osborn with respectable margin.


1970 Florida gubernatorial election, General election
On the very same day Florida elected to the United States Senate Democrat Lawton Chiles, who later was elected Governor in 1990.


1970 Football League Cup Final
The 1970 Football League Cup Final took place on 7 March 1970 at Wembley Stadium with an attendance of 97,963. It was the tenth Football League Cup final and the fourth to be played at Wembley. It was contested between Manchester City and West Bromwich Albion. Manchester City won their first of two trophies that season; on 29 April they would win the 1970 European Cup Winners' Cup Final 2-1 against Górnik Zabrze.


1970 Football League Cup Final
Jeff Astle opened the scoring for Albion after five minutes, becoming the first player to score in the final of both the League Cup and FA Cup at Wembley. He had already scored in the first leg of the 1966 League Cup Final four years previously, however that was at West Ham's Boleyn Ground. City equalised through Mike Doyle to send the game into extra-time, and eventually won 2–1, with Glyn Pardoe scoring the winner.


1970 Football League Cup Final, Background
Honours were shared in the league matches between the two sides during the 1969–70 league season, with Manchester City gaining a 2–1 victory at Maine Road and West Bromwich Albion winning 3–0 at The Hawthorns. City went on to achieve a 10th-place finish in the First Division, while Albion finished 16th. The only previous meeting between the two sides in the League Cup had taken place at the third round stage of the 1966–67 competition; on that occasion, Albion progressed by a 4–2 scoreline and went on to reach that season's final.


1970 Formula Ford National Series
The 1970 Formula Ford National  Series  was an Australian motor racing competition open to Formula Ford racing cars. It was the first annual Australian series for Formula Fords.


1970 Formula Ford National Series
The series was won by Richard Knight driving an Elfin 600.


1970 Formula Ford National Series, Series schedule
The series was contested over six rounds with one race per round.


1970 Formula Ford National Series, Points system
Series points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places at each round.


1970 Formula One season
The 1970 Formula One season was the 24th season of the FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the 21st World Championship of Drivers and the 13th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers. Thirteen races were held between 7 March and 25 October, with the Drivers' Championship won by Jochen Rindt and the Constructors' title by Lotus. Rindt died four races before the end of the season, but had earned just enough World Championship points that no other driver managed to surpass his total by the end of the season.


1970 Formula One season
It is the only season to date in which the World Drivers' Championship title had been awarded posthumously. Jacky Ickx driving for Ferrari finished the season strongly, but his low 4th-place finish in the penultimate round ensured that Rindt's title lead would stand. In the end, all of Rindt's 45 points came from his five wins in the season.


1970 Formula One season, Teams and drivers
The following teams and drivers competed in the 1970  World Championship.


1970 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar changes
The Belgian Grand Prix returned in 1970 after the 1969 race was cancelled after the drivers boycotted the Grand Prix because of the extreme dangers of the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. The circuit had major safety changes were made to it for 1970.


1970 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar changes
The Spanish Grand Prix was moved from Montjuïc to Jarama, in keeping with the event-sharing arrangement between the two circuits.


1970 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar changes
The British Grand Prix was moved from Silverstone to Brands Hatch, in keeping with the event-sharing arrangement between the two circuits.


1970 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar changes
The German Grand Prix was originally to be held at the Nürburgring but the drivers refused to race at the 'Ring in the condition it was in' unless major safety changes were made to it. The Nurburgring track officials responded negatively to a list of changes requested by the drivers. The Hockenheimring would host the race in 1970 on its intended date.


1970 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar changes
The Austrian Grand Prix hosted its first Grand Prix in 1970. The race was held at the Österreichring on 16 August.


1970 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar changes
The Canadian Grand Prix was moved from Mosport Park to Circuit Mont-Tremblant, in keeping with the event-sharing arrangement between the two circuits.


1970 Formula One season, Season review
For the 1970 Formula One season, following an agreement with Simca, Tyrrell were asked by Matra to use their V12 rather than the Cosworth. Stewart tested the Matra V12 and found it inferior to the DFV.


1970 Formula One season, Season review
As a large part of the Tyrrell budget was provided by Ford, and another significant element came from French state-owned petroleum company Elf (which had an agreement with Renault that precluded supporting a Simca partner), Ken Tyrrell had little alternative (due to clashing sponsorship deals) but to buy the March 701 chassis as an interim solution while developing his own car in secret with the first Tyrrell bearing a substantial resemblance to the MS80.


1970 Formula One season, Season review
The new wedge-shaped Lotus 72 had very innovative car design, featuring torsion bar suspension, hip-mounted radiators, inboard front brakes and an overhanging rear wing. The 72 originally had suspension problems, but when dive and squat were designed out of the suspension the car quickly showed its superiority. Lotus's new leader, the Austrian Jochen Rindt, dominated the championship until he was killed at Monza when he crashed into some poorly installed crash barriers right before the Parabolica corner. He took the 1970 title posthumously for Lotus. Jacky Ickx won the Austrian, Canadian and Mexican Grands Prix to come second in the Drivers' Championship, having re-joined Ferrari from Brabham. Had he won the United States Grand Prix instead of Brazilian newcomer Emerson Fittipaldi, Ickx would have been crowned champion.


1970 Formula One season, Season review
The 1970 season was one of the most tragic in Formula One history. Before Rindt's death at Monza, New Zealander Bruce McLaren was killed testing a McLaren Can-Am car at the Goodwood Circuit in England, and Briton Piers Courage was killed at the Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort, driving a Frank Williams-entered De Tomaso.


1970 Formula One season, Season review
After a Formula One career which began at the 1955 British Grand Prix, triple World Champion Jack Brabham retired at the end of the year.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 1: South Africa
The first round was the South Africa Grand Prix held at the Kyalami circuit between Johannesburg and Pretoria. Jack Brabham won the race in a Brabham BT33.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 2: Spain
The Spanish Grand Prix took place on the Jarama circuit. The defending champion Jackie Stewart won in a March 701.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 3: Monaco
The Monaco Grand Prix ended in a close finish. At the last corner of the last lap, Jack Brabham skidded off the track, allowing Austrian Jochen Rindt in a Lotus 49 to pass and win the race.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 4: Belgium
Formula One had recently lost one of its top drivers: Bruce McLaren had been killed testing a Can-Am car at the Goodwood circuit in southern England. But the F1 circus had returned to a wild and dangerous place: the notorious 14.1 kilometres (8.8 mi) ultra-fast Spa-Francorchamps circuit had returned to the calendar for the 1970 season after some safety upgrades, including steel Armco barriers now lined around the circuit. A chicane had also been inserted at the incredibly fast Malmedy corner to reduce speeds onto the Masta straight.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 4: Belgium
The field only consisted of 18 entrants; Spa often had a small number of entrants compared to other circuits because most racing drivers in Europe were frightened of the circuit and did not like racing there. Stewart took pole, followed by New Zealander Chris Amon and Rindt. Rindt took the lead going into Eau Rouge, and once the cars came back around towards La Source, Amon was leading. Then, Stewart took the lead, but then retired his March-Ford/Cosworth with engine problems.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 4: Belgium
Amon took the lead, but Mexican Pedro Rodríguez in a BRM was making the most of his BRM engine's V12 power, and he and Amon battled until the 28th and last lap – and Rodriguez beat the perennially unlucky Amon to the checkered flag by a mere 1.1 seconds. Frenchman Jean-Pierre Beltoise took the final podium spot, followed by home favorite Jacky Ickx in a Ferrari. But this was the last time the old triangle-shaped Spa was to be used for Formula One – the circuit proved to be just too fast and dangerous, even with safety modifications. The Belgian Grand Prix was originally scheduled to be on the following year's calendar, but was taken off the calendar after the circuit was not up to FIA-newly mandated safety specs. The race would move to Nivelles and Zolder.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 5: The Netherlands
The Dutch Grand Prix of 1970 saw the revolutionary Lotus 72 stamp its authority on the Formula One scene. Although the car made its debut at Spa with John Miles, the car was still not properly finished. But for the Dutch event, it was – and Jochen Rindt dominated this weekend by taking pole and leading from start to finish on the fast, beachside Zandvoort circuit. But the race itself was marred by the fatal accident of Briton Piers Courage in a Frank Williams-entered DeTomaso-Ford/Cosworth. Courage crashed at the very fast Tunnel Oost corner, and one of the wheels hit him in the head and killed him instantly. After the car had crashed, it then caught fire, as was so common in those days.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 6: France
Formula One then went to the 5.1 mile Charade circuit, made up entirely of closed-off public roads located around an extinct volcano overlooking the small city of Clermont-Ferrand.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 6: France
Practice and qualifying were both eventful – in addition to Ferrari showing improved form by Jacky Ickx taking pole, the circuit was littered with rocks and Rindt – already made nauseous by the twisty and roller-coaster-type nature of the circuit – was hit in the face by a rock thrown from another car – in those days, drivers wore open-face helmets covered by a white rag to protect them from the gas fumes. Ickx took the lead from the start, but he retired with engine damage, and Frenchman Beltoise – driving an all-French Matra – was in the lead. However, due to the rocks on the track, Beltoise punctured a tire, and had to come in. This gave Rindt the lead, ahead of Chris Amon. Rindt won from Amon and Brabham.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 7: Great Britain
The British Grand Prix alternated between the very fast, flat, smooth Silverstone circuit and the twisty, undulating and rough Brands Hatch, just outside London. For 1970, the British GP was at Brands Hatch, and it was an exciting race – Jack Brabham was leading at the start, but he ran out of fuel at the last bend – and Rindt overtook him and won his 3rd consecutive race.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 7: Great Britain
After the race, Rindt's Lotus was disqualified for not meeting the maximum rear wing height -after the car had been brought back to the Lotus garage, the team appealed, the car was reviewed again (having been out of parc ferme for a while) and this time it was declared within the regulations, returning the win to Rindt.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 8: Germany
The German Grand Prix was held at the Hockenheimring for 1970. It had originally been scheduled to be run at the very long and notoriously dangerous Nurburgring Nordschleife, but the drivers refused to race at the 'Ring in the condition it was in – unless major safety changes were made to it.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 8: Germany
There was a driver's meeting at the Dorchester Hotel in London after the memorial services for Bruce McLaren and Piers Courage, and the drivers, already under considerable pressure and motivated by a normally quiet Jack Brabham – voted not to race there after the German GP organizers responded negatively to a list of changes requested by the drivers. The Hockenheimring was very fast, and it generated a great race – Jochen Rindt and Jacky Ickx battled all throughout the race and Rindt won yet again – and it was clear at this point who the two main title contenders were going to be.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 9: Austria
The second Formula One Austrian Grand Prix was the first held at the fast and spectacular Österreichring – in 1964, it had been held at the unpopular Zeltweg Airfield. The year-old Styrian circuit played host to Ferrari dominance – their first victory since 1968. Jacky Ickx and Clay Regazzoni easily finished 1–2; the Ferrari 312B had become a competitive package, although this was not done by Ickx, who did not like testing and often preferred to use his driving skill to deal with a car's shortcomings.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 10: Italy
Monza was an ultra-fast circuit with no chicanes of any kind, and the weekend was marred by the death of Jochen Rindt, who was killed on the straight going into the Parabolica on his wingless Lotus 72. Aerodynamic downforce was not yet properly understood, and the car was, according to his teammate John Miles, rather unstable and difficult to drive. Ultimately though, it was a brake system failure that caused Rindt to spin off and crash into a poorly installed Armco barrier: the car went under the barrier and rotated a few times in the sand trap.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 10: Italy
Rindt's belts were loose, and he was not wearing a crotch strap belt, a recent introduction. As a result, he slipped down in the car and the belt buckle caused fatal throat injuries. Ferrari driver Clay Regazzoni won his first Formula One race, and the overjoyed crowd ran onto the track and celebrated.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 11: Canada
The F1 season concluded with a 3-part North American tour, which started in Canada at the spectacular Mont-Tremblant circuit in Quebec near the town of St. Jovite – the second and last time F1 would race there. The Lotus team did not show up, and although Jackie Stewart dominated practice in his new Tyrrell-Ford/Cosworth 001, he retired due to mechanical problems, and Ickx took victory in his Ferrari.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 12: United States
The United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen saw the return of the Lotus team, and Brazilian newcomer Emerson Fittipaldi, who had become their lead driver after Rindt's death, was competitive throughout. He was challenged by Mexican Pedro Rodriguez, wanting to win again after his Spa triumph four months earlier. Rodriguez led but ran out of fuel, and although he stormed through the track, Fittipaldi was able to hold on to win his first Formula One championship race.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 12: United States
This was the last F1 race at the original Watkins Glen permanent race track – the circuit was rebuilt for the following year. Rindt posthumously won the Drivers' Championship at this race – Ickx needed to win to stand a chance of overtaking Rindt's points total, but finished fourth after mechanical problems.


1970 Formula One season, Season review, Race 13: Mexico
The last race of the Formula One World Championship was the Mexican Grand Prix at the Magdalena Mixhuca Park in Mexico City. The event proved troublesome – some 200,000 people showed up to watch, and a number of them were actually sitting right next to the track asphalt, over the barriers. This delayed the race start for over an hour – after Rodriguez and Stewart pleaded with the crowd to move back, which they did – but not very far. The race finally got underway – and Ickx won again for Ferrari, as Stewart retired after hitting a stray dog. But the crowd's shenanigans caused by the disorganization of the event caused the Mexican Grand Prix to be cancelled for the following year, and it did not come back until 1986 to the same circuit.


1970 Formula One season, Results and standings, World Drivers' Championship standings
Points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis to the first six finishers at each race. The best six results from the first seven rounds and the best five results from the last six rounds were retained.


1970 Formula One season, Results and standings, World Drivers' Championship standings
† Jochen Rindt suffered a fatal accident in practice before the Italian Grand Prix.


1970 Formula One season, Results and standings, International Cup for F1 Manufacturers standings
Points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis to the first six finishers at each round, however only the best placed car from each manufacturer was eligible to score points. The best six results from the first seven rounds and the best five results from the last six rounds were retained.


1970 Formula One season, Non-championship races
Other Formula One races held in 1970, which did not count towards the World Championship. The International Trophy and Gold Cup were held concurrently with Formula 5000 cars.


1970 French Grand Prix
The 1970 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit de Charade, Clermont-Ferrand on 5 July 1970. It was race 6 of 13 in both the 1970 World Championship of Drivers and the 1970 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. This was the third French Grand Prix to be held at the Circuit de Charade and the second in succession, after plans to hold the race at the Circuit d'Albi near Toulouse fell through.


1970 French Grand Prix
The 38-lap race was won by Lotus driver Jochen Rindt after he started from sixth position. Chris Amon finished second for the March team and Brabham driver Jack Brabham came in third.


1970 French Open
The 1970 French Open was a tennis tournament that was held at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris in France from 25 May through 7 June 1970. It was the 74th edition of the French Open, the 40th to be open to foreign competitors, and the second Grand Slam of the year. Jan Kodeš and Margaret Court won the singles titles.


1970 French Open, Finals, Men's doubles
Ilie Năstase /  Ion Ţiriac defeated  Arthur Ashe /  Charlie Pasarell, 6–2, 6–4, 6–3


1970 French Open, Finals, Women's doubles
Gail Chanfreau /  Françoise Dürr defeated  Rosemary Casals /  Billie Jean King, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3


1970 French Open, Finals, Mixed doubles
Billie Jean King /  Bob Hewitt defeated  Françoise Dürr /  Jean-Claude Barclay, 3–6, 6–4, 6–2


1970 French Open – Men's Doubles
John Newcombe and Tony Roche were the defending champions but both players chose not to participate.


1970 French Open – Men's Doubles
Ilie Năstase and Ion Ţiriac won in the final 6–2, 6–4, 6–3 against Arthur Ashe and Charlie Pasarell.


1970 French Open – Men's Singles
Seventh-seeded Jan Kodeš defeated Željko Franulović 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1970 French Open. Rod Laver was the defending champion, but did not compete this year.


1970 French Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Jan Kodeš is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1970 French Open – Men's Singles Qualifying
Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual French Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held in the week before the event.


1970 French Open – Mixed Doubles
Marty Riessen and Margaret Court were the defending champions, but Marty Riessen did not compete this year. Margaret Court teamed up with Željko Franulović and lost in semifinals to Bob Hewitt and Billie Jean King.


1970 French Open – Mixed Doubles
Bob Hewitt and Billie Jean King won in the final 3–6, 6–4, 6–2 against Jean-Claude Barclay and Françoise Dürr.


1970 French Open – Women's Doubles
The Women's Doubles tournament at the 1970 French Open was held from 25 May to 7 June 1970 on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The fourth-seeded team of Gail Chanfreau and Françoise Dürr won the title, defeating the first-seeded pair of Rosie Casals and Billie Jean King in the final in three sets.


1970 French Open – Women's Singles
First-seeded Margaret Court was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Helga Niessen in the final, 6–2, 6–4 to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1970 French Open. This was Court's fifth French Open title, her third consecutive Grand Slam title and her eighteenth Grand Slam overall. Court would go on to win the remaining two majors of the year, becoming the first woman to complete the Calendar Grand Slam in the Open era.


1970 French Open – Women's Singles Qualifying
Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual French Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held in the week before the event.


1970 French cantonal elections
Cantonale elections to renew canton general councillors were held in France on 8 and 15 March 1970.


1970 French cantonal elections, Electoral system
The cantonales elections use the same system as the regional or legislative elections. There is a 10% threshold (10% of registered voters) needed to proceed to the second round.


1970 French cantonal elections, Sources
Alain Lancelot, Les élections sous la Ve République, PUF, Paris, 1988


1970 French motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1970 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 17 May 1970 at the Circuit Bugatti Le Mans.


1970 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1970 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association. The team was led by head coach Darryl Rogers, in his fifth year, and they played their home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and four losses (8–4, 4–2 PCAA).


1970 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL
No Fresno State players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 GP Ouest–France
The 1970 GP Ouest-France was the 34th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 25 August 1970. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Gianni Marcarini of the Peugeot team.


1970 Gambian republic referendum
A referendum on becoming a republic was held in the Gambia in April 1970. The changes resulted in the creation of the post of President to replace  Elizabeth II as head of state, thus eliminating the post of Governor-General. It was the second referendum on the issue: the first in 1965 failed because the two-thirds majority required was not reached.


1970 Gambian republic referendum
This time the referendum produced a "yes" result. The Prime Minister Sir Dawda Jawara was elected the first President by the parliament, replacing Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Sir Farimang Mamadi Singateh) as head of state on 24 April 1970.


1970 Gediz earthquake
The 1970 Gediz earthquake (also known as the 1970 Kütahya-Gediz earthquake) struck western Turkey on 28 March at about 23:02 local time, with an estimated magnitude of 7.2 on the Ms scale.


1970 Gediz earthquake
The event killed 1,086 people, injured 1,260 people, and left many thousands homeless in Gediz. a district of Kütahya Province situated 98 km (61 mi) southeast of Kütahya. Many people were burned alive as fires broke out from overturned stoves, and 9,452 buildings in the region were severely damaged or destroyed.


1970 Gediz earthquake
The town of Gediz, home to repeated natural disasters like earthquakes and floods, was relocated following a government resolution soon after the destruction to a new place 7 km (4.3 mi) away on the road to Uşak under the name "Yeni Gediz" (literally: New Gediz). The residents moved in their newly built, earthquake-resistant homes. Neighboring towns and villages were also rebuilt at places with relative minimum earthquake risk.


1970 Gediz earthquake
Other major earthquakes occurred in Gediz in 1866 and 1896, and on June 25, 1944, at 07:20 local time, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurred in Gediz, killing 20 people and damaging around 3,500 buildings.


1970 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1970 Gent–Wevelgem was the 32nd edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 1 April 1970. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Eddy Merckx of the Faemino–Faema team.


1970 Georges River state by-election
The 1970 Georges River state by-election was held on 19 September 1970 for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Georges River. It was triggered by the death of Douglas Cross (Liberal).


1970 Georgia 500
The 1970 Georgia 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on November 8, 1970, at Middle Georgia Raceway in Byron, Georgia.


1970 Georgia 500
NASCAR officials would record four engine-related incidents, one major fire, two issues related to the vehicle's suspension and an oil leak.


1970 Georgia 500, Race report
The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.


1970 Georgia 500, Race report
Five hundred laps took place on a paved oval track spanning .548 miles (0.882 km) for a grand total of 274.0 miles (441.0 km). The race took three hours, thirteen minutes, and thirty-three seconds to reach its conclusion; Richard Petty (racing for Petty Enterprises) defeated Bobby Isaac in fourteen seconds. The pole position speed was 94.064 miles per hour (151.381 km/h); accomplished by Richard Petty. Total winnings for this race were $20,000 ($131,671 when considering inflation) with the winner receiving most of $3,275 ($21,561 when considering inflation). This event would be the first of two career starts for Jimmy Watson. Notable crew chiefs for this race included Harry Hyde, Dale Inman and Lee Gordon.


1970 Georgia 500, Race report
Petty's wins in 1970 came at 18 different tracks. He didn't have any sweeps.


1970 Georgia 500, Race report
This would be the final career start for Lee Roy Carrigg; whose NASCAR Winston Cup Series race spanned nine races and 1002 laps of racing action.


1970 Georgia 500, Race report
Earlier that year, the second annual Atlanta International Pop Festival was held in the same venue as this racing event. Jimi Hendrix and the Allman Brothers Band performed in front of 300,000 concertgoers; the town had a population of about 2,000.


1970 Georgia 500, Race report
In comparison to this summer musical festival that took place from July 3–5, this autumn racing event only attracted 6500 people in order to see stock car vehicles travel at speeds averaging 83.284 miles per hour or 134.033 kilometres per hour throughout the entire event.


1970 Georgia 500, Race report, Finishing order
* Driver failed to finish race† signifies that the driver is known to be deceased


1970 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1970 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season.


1970 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1970 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology in the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by fourth-year head coach Bud Carson and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.


1970 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
Georgia Tech started the year with four straight victories, climbing to 13th in the AP Poll. Two losses to ranked rivals Tennessee and Auburn knocked them out of the polls. After racking up three more wins, they traveled to Notre Dame and almost pulled off an upset over the #1 team in the country, as the Fighting Irish needed a fourth-quarter comeback to beat the Yellow Jackets. The close loss actually brought Georgia Tech back into the polls, at 16th. After defeating rival Georgia, they were invited to the 1970 Sun Bowl, where they defeated Texas Tech, 17–9.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1970 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970. It was marked by the election as Governor of Georgia of the relatively little-known former state senator Jimmy Carter after a hard battle in the Democratic primary. This election is famous because Carter, who was often regarded as one of the New South Governors, later ran for president in 1976 on his gubernatorial record and won. As of 2021, this is the last time Fulton County voted for the Republican candidate.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Background
Under the Georgia constitution of 1945, incumbent Democratic governor Lester Maddox was prohibited from seeking re-election.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign
Initially the strongest candidate was former governor Carl E. Sanders. Sanders was a moderate, who worked to improve education, the environment and led the transition away from racial segregation with cooperation with the United States Federal Government. He left office at the peak of his popularity.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign
His main opponent was former state senator and candidate for the gubernatorial nomination in 1966 Jimmy Carter.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Runoff
A runoff was held on September 23. Despite Sanders's initial front-runner status and popularity, Carter won by nearly 20 points.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Lieutenant governor
Governor Maddox ran for lieutenant governor and won the nomination. Although Maddox was elected as a Democratic candidate at the same time as Jimmy Carter's election as governor as a Democratic candidate, the two were not running mates; in Georgia, particularly in that era of Democratic dominance, the winners of the primary elections went on to easy victories in the general elections without campaigning together as an official ticket or as running mates.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Campaign
At this time, Georgia was still regarded as a part of the Democratic Party's Solid South, despite the Republican plurality in the 1966 gubernatorial race. The Democratic position in 1970 was again regarded as safe. TV newsman Hal Suit faced Comptroller James L. Bentley, who had been elected as a Democrat but joined the Republican party in 1968.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, General election
Carter ran on a populist platform. While he refused to join the segregationist White Citizens' Council, he ran a campaign specifically designed to win over the segregationist vote that had made Maddox governor four years earlier.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, General election
In winning the governorship back in 1970, he courted the right wing, particularly the large constituency of Lester Maddox, the fiery segregationist Governor ... At one point, he called Mr. Maddox "the essence of the Democratic Party" and added that he was "proud" to be on the ticket with him..


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, General election
Carter's true feelings about race might be better indicated by the fact that his had been one of only two families which voted to admit blacks to the Plains Baptist Church, but that was not something advertised in the 1970 race for governor.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Controversy, Civil rights
Prior to this campaign, Jimmy Carter appeared to be a proponent of civil rights and desegregation. In 1954 he refused to join the White Citizens Council despite immense pressure and went on to vote against segregation for his church in 1965. However, after failing to run as a moderate in the Georgia Gubernatorial Election of 1966, Carter's new strategy in 1970 was designed to attract the pro-segregationist vote. Poll data suggested that the appearance of a pro-segregationist position could be critical to winning the race, even if it was never overtly stated.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Controversy, Civil rights
In order to shore up segregationist support, Carter made overtures to numerous racial organizations, and even personally called the cofounder of the White Citizens Council. Carter's apparent support for segregation sparked animosity with his opponent Carl Sanders. Sanders claims that when his own campaign had presented the same poll data, he refused to pursue a strategy on it for moral reasons. Furthermore, Carter's campaign printed numerous pamphlets insinuating Sanders was too "chummy" with blacks.


1970 Georgia gubernatorial election, Controversy, Civil rights
Ultimately, Carter himself has expressed embarrassment and regret over his strategy. After being elected, he reversed his position on segregation prominently, stating in his 1971 gubernatorial inaugural address "The time for racial discrimination is over." Carter won praise for his strategy from Leroy Johnson, who stated "I understand why he ran that kind of ultra-conservative campaign. You have to do that to win. And that is the main thing. I don't believe you can win [Georgia] without being a racist."


1970 German Grand Prix
The 1970 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Hockenheimring on 2 August 1970. It was race 8 of 13 in both the 1970 World Championship of Drivers and the 1970 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 50-lap race was won by Lotus driver Jochen Rindt after he started from second position. Jacky Ickx finished second for the Ferrari team and McLaren driver Denny Hulme came in third.


1970 German Grand Prix
On short notice following the drivers' demand for improved safety at the Nürburgring, the race was moved to Hockenheim for the first time in the history of the German Grand Prix as this track already had been fitted with Armco. F1 returned to an updated Nürburgring in 1971.


1970 German Open Championships
The 1970 German Open Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the 62nd edition of the tournament, the first one in the Open Era, and took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, West Germany, from 10 August through 17 August 1970. First-seeded Tom Okker and Helga Schultze-Hösl won the singles titles.


1970 German Open Championships, Champions, Men's doubles
Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan defeated  Tom Okker /  Nikola Pilić 6–3, 7–5, 6–2


1970 German Open Championships, Champions, Women's doubles
Karen Krantzcke /  Kerry Melville defeated  Winnie Shaw /  Virginia Wade 6–0, 6–1


1970 German Open Championships, Champions, Mixed doubles
Judy Dalton /  Frew McMillan defeated  Evonne Goolagong /  Bob Hewitt 6–4, 6–4


1970 Gillette Cup
The 1970 Gillette Cup was the eighth Gillette Cup, an English limited overs county cricket tournament. It was held between 25 April and 5 September 1970. The tournament was won by Lancashire County Cricket Club who defeated Sussex County Cricket Club by 6 wickets in the final at Lord's.


1970 Gillette Cup, Format
The seventeen first-class counties, were joined by five Minor Counties: Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cornwall, Norfolk and Oxfordshire. Teams who won in the first round progressed to the second round. The winners in the second round then progressed to the quarter-final stage. Winners from the quarter-finals then progressed to the semi-finals from which the winners then went on to the final at Lord's which was held on 5 September 1970.


1970 Giro d'Italia
The 1970 Giro d'Italia was the 53rd edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The 3,292-kilometre (2,046 mi) race consisted of 20 stages, starting in San Pellegrino Terme on 18 May and finishing Bolzano on 7 June. There was one time trial stage and a single rest day. Eddy Merckx of the Faemino team won the overall general classification, his second victory. Italians Felice Gimondi (Salvarani) placed second, 3 min and 14 s slower than Merckx, and Martin Van Den Bossche (Molteni) was third, nearly five minutes behind Merckx.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Teams
A total of 13 teams were invited to participate in the 1970 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of ten riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 130 cyclists. Out of the 130 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 97 riders made it to the finish in Bolzano.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
The starting peloton did feature the previous year's winner Felice Gimondi (Salvarani). Despite an initial unwillingness to participate relating to his expulsion the year before, Eddy Merckx chose to enter the race after the race organizers agreed to send all doping controls to Rome rather than conduct them in a van that moved with the race. Merckx entered as the primary favorite to win the race. He entered the race having already won several races that season including: Paris–Nice, Paris–Roubaix, and La Flèche Wallonne, among others.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
Le Confédéré felt that Merckx's greatest challenge would come not from Italian riders, but the Belgian Walter Godefroot (Salvarani). Godefroot was thought to be the leader for the Salvarani team as Gimondi entered the race in poor form. Gianni Motta was absent from the race as he was recovering from a knee operation earlier in the season.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
The route was revealed on 31 March 1970 by race director Vincenzo Torriani. The race covered 3,311 km (2,057 mi) across twenty stages and one rest day. Compared to the previous edition, the 1970 edition was shorter and included only four stages longer than 200 km (124 mi) with stage 14 being the longest at 218 km (135 mi). In April, the route was announced to have nineteen categorized climbs that awarded points towards the mountains classification, while the final route included seven more categorized climbs. In total, 25.6 km (16 mi) were climbed.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
San Pellegrino Terme hosted the race's start and then it travelled west, visiting the Alps before turning south and then east towards Treviso. A transfer then occurred to Terracina and the race moved north along the coast. The race made its way to the Dolomites for three stages before finishing in Bolzano. The route did not visit Milan for the first time in race history.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
The route featured less transition stages than in previous years, which was thought to allow for more action in the race.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
Two different jerseys were worn during the 1970 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification – calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider – wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
For the points classification, which awarded a cyclamen jersey to its leader, cyclists were given points for finishing a stage in the top 15. Before the start of the 1970, Termozeta replaced Dreher Brewery as the sponsor of the points classification and so the color of the leader's jersey changed from red to cyclamen. The mountains classification leader. The climbs were ranked in first and second categories, the former awarded 50, 30, and 20 points while the latter awarded 30, 20, and 10 points.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. In addition there was the Cima Coppi, the Passo Pordoi, which was the highest mountain crossed in this edition of the race, which gave 200, 100, 80, 70, and 50 points to the first five riders summit the climb. The first rider over the Passo Pordoi was Luciano Armani. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the stage finish times of the best three cyclists per team were added; the leading team was the one with the lowest total time.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10
The 1970 Giro d'Italia was the 53rd edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in San Pellegrino Terme on 18 May, and Stage 10 occurred on 28 May with a stage to Rivisondoli. The race finished in Bolzano on 7 June.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 1
18 May 1970 — San Pellegrino Terme to Biandronno, 115 km (71 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 2
19 May 1970 — Comerio to Saint-Vincent, 164 km (102 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 3
20 May 1970 — Saint-Vincent to Aosta, 162 km (101 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 4
21 May 1970 — Saint-Vincent to Lodi, 205 km (127 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 5
22 May 1970 — Lodi to Zingonia, 155 km (96 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 6
23 May 1970 — Zingonia to Malcesine, 212 km (132 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 7
24 May 1970 — Malcesine to Brentonico, 130 km (81 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 8
25 May 1970 — Rovereto to Bassano del Grappa, 130 km (81 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 9
26 May 1970 — Bassano del Grappa to Treviso, 56 km (35 mi) (ITT)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 1 to Stage 10, Stage 10
28 May 1970 — Terracina to Rivisondoli, 172 km (107 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20
The 1970 Giro d'Italia was the 53rd edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in San Pellegrino Terme on 18 May, and Stage 11 occurred on 29 May with a stage from Rivisondoli. The race finished in Bolzano on 7 June.


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 11
29 May 1970 — Rivisondoli to Francavilla al Mare, 180 km (110 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 12
30 May 1970 — Francavilla al Mare to Loreto, 175 km (109 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 13
31 May 1970 — Loreto to Faenza, 188 km (117 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 14
1 June 1970 — Faenza to Casciana Terme, 218 km (135 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 15
2 June 1970 — Casciana Terme to Mirandola, 215 km (134 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 16
3 June 1970 — Mirandola to Lido di Jesolo, 195 km (121 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 17
4 June 1970 — Lido di Jesolo to Arta Terme, 165 km (103 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 18
5 June 1970 — Arta Terme to Marmolada, 180 km (110 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 19
6 June 1970 — Rocca Pietore to Dobbiaco, 120 km (75 mi)


1970 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 20
7 June 1970 — Dobbiaco to Bolzano, 155 km (96 mi)


1970 Giro di Lombardia
The 1970 Giro di Lombardia was the 64th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 10 October 1970. The race started in Milan and finished in Como. The race was won by Franco Bitossi of the Filotex team.


1970 Golden Helmet (Poland)
The Golden Helmet (Polish: Turniej o Złoty Kask, ZK) is an annual motorcycle speedway event, and has been organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1961. Currently the race is held in PC Team 3rd from last season (previously Wrocław), with the top twelve riders in the Extraleague and the top four riders in the First League.


1970 Golden Helmet (Poland)
1970 Golden Helmet season was the 10th since its establishment.


1970 Golden Helmet (Poland), Final classification
Note: Result from final score was subtracted with two the weakest events.


1970 Governor General's Awards
Each winner of the 1970 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit was selected by a panel of judges administered by the Canada Council for the Arts.


1970 Grand National
The 1970 Grand National was the 124th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 4 April 1970. Gay Trip won the race by 20 lengths, giving jockey Pat Taaffe his second winner. Only seven horses finished the race and Racoon was a fatality at the 3rd fence.


1970 Grand National, Media coverage
David Coleman presented the eleventh Grand National Grandstand (his tenth) on the BBC. Peter O'Sullevan and Julian Wilson were the two commentators - Wilson commentating from the first fence to the Anchor Bridge crossing.


1970 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1970 Pepsi-Cola ILTF Grand Prix was a tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the Grand Prix circuit and consisted of men's tournaments recognised by the ILTF. The creation of the Grand Prix circuit, on an experimental basis during its first year, was announced in April 1970 by the president of the ILTF, Ben Barnett. It was the brainchild of Jack Kramer, former tennis promoter and winner of the Wimbledon and US championships, and was aimed at countering the influence of commercial promoters, particularly Lamar Hunt and his World Championship Tennis circuit and George MacCall's National Tennis League.


1970 Grand Prix (tennis)
The tournaments were graded in one of three categories which determined the number of ranking points available: Class A, comprising the three Grand Slam tournaments, Class 1 and Class 2. The Pepsi-Cola Masters and Davis Cup Final are included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix. In addition to the tournament prize money a bonus pool of $150,000 was available for the top 20 ranked players. The bonus pool was jointly funded by Pepsi-Cola as title sponsor and the participating tournaments which reserved 10% of their prize money. Cliff Richey earned $25,000 bonus as the winner of the first Grand Prix circuit. At the end of the season the top six ranked players qualified for a Masters round-robin tournament held in Tokyo which was won by Stan Smith.


1970 Grand Prix (tennis)
All open tennis tournaments were eligible to be included in the Grand Prix circuit provided they committed to not paying any management fees to commercial organizations with players under contract. Originally the Italian Championships, played in April in Rome, was part of the Grand Prix calendar but it was withdrawn during the tournament when it became known that they had paid management fees to the competing World Championship Tennis organization.


1970 Grand Prix (tennis), Schedule, June
Grass – 128S/80Q/64D/32Q/56XD/12Q  Class A  Singles Draw – Doubles Draw –  Mixed Doubles Draw


1970 Grand Prix (tennis), Grand Prix point system
The tournaments listed above were divided into three categories. Class A consisted of the Grand Slams while the other tournaments were divided into Class 1 and Class 2. Points were allocated based on these groups and the finishing position of a player in a tournament. Ties were settled by the number of tournaments played. The points allocation is listed below:


1970 Grand Prix (tennis), List of tournament winners
The list of winners and number of singles titles won (Grand Slams and Masters in bold text), alphabetically by last name:


1970 Grand Prix (tennis), List of tournament winners
The list of winners and number of doubles titles won (Grand Slams and Masters in bold text), last name alphabetically:


1970 Grand Prix (tennis), List of tournament winners
The list of winners and number of mixed doubles titles won (Grand Slams and Masters in bold text), alphabetically by last name:


1970 Grand Prix (tennis), List of tournament winners
The following players won their first singles title in 1970:


1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
The 1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 22nd F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of twelve Grand Prix races in six classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc, 50cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 3 May, with West German Grand Prix and ended with Spanish Grand Prix on 27 September.


1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary
With no other manufacturers competing in the 500cc class the MV Agusta team continued to dominate as Giacomo Agostini won his fifth consecutive 500cc world championship. Kawasaki began to sell the Kawasaki H1R to privateer racing teams. The H1R was the first multi-cylinder two stroke racing motorcycle to be sold commercially. Ginger Molloy rode one of the Kawasakis to a second place finish behind Agostini in the championship.


1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary
Life was a bit tougher for Agostini in the 350 class as Kel Carruthers and Renzo Pasolini on Benellis and Rod Gould on a factory Yamaha gave him a battle on more than one occasion. Gould would take the 250 title for Yamaha, battling Carruthers for the entire season. German Dieter Braun would give Suzuki the 125 crown while Derbi mounted Angel Nieto claimed the 50cc class for the second year in a row.


1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary
There were six fatalities among the competitors at the Isle of Man TT races, including world championship contender Santiago Herrero, making 1970 the deadliest year in the history of the event.


1970 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 1970 Grand Prix season calendar, Scoring system
Points were awarded to the top ten finishers in each race. Only the best of six races were counted on 50cc, 125cc, 350cc and 500cc championships, best of seven in 250cc, while in the Sidecars, the best of five races were counted.


1970 Grantland Rice Bowl
The 1970 Grantland Rice Bowl was an NCAA College Division game following the 1970 season, between the Tennessee State Tigers and the Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs (now the Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns).


1970 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
Multiple players from Tennessee State were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft, including offensive tackle Vernon Holland, defensive tackle Larry Woods, and wide receiver Dave Davis. Players later selected in the 1972 NFL Draft include Tennessee State defensive back Clifford Brooks and quarterback Joe Gilliam, and Southwestern Louisiana guard Louis Age. Tennessee State freshman defensive end Ed "Too Tall" Jones would be the number one pick in the 1974 NFL Draft.


1970 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
Tennessee State head coach John Merritt was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1994.


1970 Greater London Council election
The third election to the Greater London Council was held on 9 April 1970 and saw a Conservative victory with a reduced majority.


1970 Greater London Council election, Electoral arrangements
New constituencies to be used for elections to Parliament and also for elections to the GLC had not yet been settled, so the London boroughs were used as multi-member 'first past the post' electoral areas . Westminster was joined with the City of London for this purpose. Each electoral area returned between 2 and 4 councillors.


1970 Greater London Council election, Results
In addition to the 100 councillors, there were sixteen Aldermen who divided 11 Conservative and 5 Labour, so that the Conservatives actually had 76 seats to 40 for Labour following the election.


1970 Greater London Council election, Results
With an electorate of 5,524,384, there was a turnout of 35.2%. Labour recovered from its mauling three years previously, but did so primarily in working-class areas. Consequently, relatively few seats changed hands: Labour won back Camden, Greenwich, Hammersmith, Lewisham, Wandsworth, and one seat in Lambeth. The results did enable Labour to take back control of the Inner London Education Authority and were one of the factors used by Prime Minister Harold Wilson in deciding to call a general election soon after.


1970 Greater London Council election, Results
Among those who were first elected to the GLC in 1970 were Tony Banks (Labour, Hammersmith, later Minister for Sport) and Sir George Young (Conservative, Ealing, later a cabinet minister under John Major). The election is also significant as it was at a meeting in support of the Conservative candidates in Lambeth that John Major met Norma Johnson, who became his wife.


1970 Greater London Council election, Results
1 These parties were created by a group of students standing in Haringey, who declared that they intended to make a mockery of the election.


1970 Greater London Council election, By-elections 1970–1973
No seats changed hands in byelections during this term. The Conservatives retained Kensington and Chelsea on 2 December 1971 after the death of Seton Forbes-Cockell, and Barnet on 19 October 1972 after the death of Arthur Peacock. Labour retained Wandsworth on 15 June 1972 after the death of Sir Norman Prichard. No seats were vacant at the end of the term.


1970 Green Bay Packers season
The 1970 Green Bay Packers season was their 52nd season overall and their 50th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 6–8 record earning them a third consecutive third-place finish in the four-team NFC Central division. It was the third and final season for Phil Bengtson as head coach; he resigned shortly after the season ended.


1970 Green Bay Packers season, Offseason
The Packers' 1970 season began in a state of mourning. After a summer in and out of Georgetown Hospital, Vince Lombardi succumbed to cancer on September 3, at the age of 57. Over 3,500 people attended Lombardi's funeral in New York City, including pallbearers Bart Starr, Paul Hornung, and Willie Davis. Three days after his funeral, NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle announced that the Super Bowl trophy would be renamed in Lombardi's honor.


1970 Green Bay Packers season, Offseason, NFL draft
In the 1970 NFL draft, the Packers used their two picks in the first-round to choose Mike McCoy and Rich McGeorge. The first pick was obtained from the Chicago Bears in a January trade that sent Lee Roy Caffey and Elijah Pitts to Chicago. In total, the Packers selected 20 players in the draft, nine of those being in the first seven rounds.


1970 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Schedule
The Packers finished 6–8 in the regular season, failing to reach the playoffs for the third consecutive season. The schedule had the Packers play their final five games on the road and they lost four of them. For the first time, the Packers lost to the Dallas Cowboys; this year's game was on Thanksgiving on the artificial turf of the Cotton Bowl. Green Bay had won the first six meetings, four in the regular season (1960, 1964, 1965, 1968) and two in NFL championship games (1966, 1967). The Packers won the next meeting in Green Bay in 1972.


1970 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1970 Green Bay Packers season, Postseason
After a turbulent season filled with labor disputes, blowout losses, and the final merger of the AFL and NFL, the Packers had only their second losing season (1968) since 1958. Thoroughly frustrated, third-year head coach Phil Bengtson resigned two days after being shut out in the season finale against the Detroit Lions. His overall record was 20–21–1 during three seasons as Lombardi's handpicked successor. Obviously the organization and the community craved the high standards of winning established a decade earlier; Lombardi's did not have a losing season but Bengston had two in three years and finished in third place in the four-team division each season.


1970 Green Bay Packers season, Postseason
The 1970 season was also the final season of Forrest Gregg as a Packer, a year later the Hall of Fame right tackle returned home to Texas to play for the Dallas Cowboys, where he joined his former teammates Herb Adderley and Lee Roy Caffey.


1970 Green Bay Packers season, Statistical leaders
The following players led the Packers in the following statistical categories in 1970.


1970 Greenlandic Football Championship
The 1970 Greenlandic Football Championship (also known as the Danish: Fodboldturneringen Grønlandturneringen, Fodboldmesterskab i Grønland or Greenlandic: Angutit Inersimasut GM) was the 8th edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship and the final edition organised by Grønlands Idrætsforening before a dedicated Football Association of Greenland was established the following year. The final round was held in Sisimiut. It was won by Tupilak-41 who defeated Kissaviarsuk-33 5–3 in the final.


1970 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background
The first federation to organise a national football championship in Greenland was the GIF (Danish: Grønlands Idrætsforening), a general sports federation that organised more than just football tournaments, founded on 3 September 1953 at a meeting attended by eleven clubs from Upernavik, Uummannaq, Qeqertarsuatsiaat, Qasigiannguit, Aasiaat, Sisimiut, Maniitsoq, Nuuk, Paamiut and Qaqortoq. The 1954–55 tournament was the first national football tournament and GIF continued to organise the competition, usually announced as Fodboldturneringen, Grønlandturneringen or Fodboldmesterskab i Grønland, until 1970.


1970 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background
For the first decade of its existence, the tournament was held sporadically, with iterations often taking more than a year to complete. In 1971 a football specific federation, the Football Association of Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni Isikkamik Arsaattartut Kattuffiat; Danish: Grønlands Boldspil-Union), was founded, and took over the organisation of the tournament.


1970 Greenlandic Football Championship, Results
No results are available for the season, although it is known that the championship was won by Tupilak-41 who defeated Kissaviarsuk-33 5–3 in the final held in Sisimiut, their second title and the fourth time in a row that the team had finished either first or second.


1970 Greenville 200
The 1970 Greenville 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on June 27, 1970, at Greenville-Pickens Speedway in Greenville, South Carolina.


1970 Greenville 200, Race report
Seven thousand racing fans were in attendance to see Bobby Isaac defeat Bobby Allison by ½ of a lap. Bobby Allison had to borrow his son Davey's car because he wrecked his car during the previous week. The pole position was earned by the eventual race winner with a qualifying speed of 82.372 miles per hour (132.565 km/h) while the average speed of the race was 74.345 miles per hour (119.647 km/h). It took one hour and thirty-three seconds for the race to reach its conclusion. All twenty-nine competitors were born in the United States of America with no foreign-born drivers, unlike today. Five notable crew chiefs were recorded as participating in the event; including Lee Gordon, Dale Inman and Harry Hyde.


1970 Greenville 200, Race report
Carburetors were still in wide use in both passenger automobiles and with the NASCAR vehicles during the early 1970s; requiring plenty of physically-intensive labor from the people who would maintain the vehicles between races.


1970 Greenville 200, Race report
Notable drivers in the field included: Richard Petty, Benny Parsons, Elmo Langley (died of a heart attack after driving the pace car at an exhibition race in Japan), Roy Tyner (murdered in his vehicle), and J.D. McDuffie (killed after colliding with turn 5 at the 1991 Budweiser At The Glen race at Watkins Glen International). The winner's purse was considered to be $1,500 ($9,875 when adjusted for inflation).


1970 Greenville 200, Race report
The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.


1970 Greenville 200, Finishing order
† signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race


1970 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
The 1970 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the seventh edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 20 September 1970. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Frans Verbeeck.


1970 Guards European Formula 5000 Championship
The 1970 Guards European Formula 5000 Championship was a motor racing competition for Formula 5000 cars. The series was organized in the United Kingdom by the British Racing and Sports Car Club but also included European rounds. It was the first and only series to carry the Guards European Formula 5000 Championship name and the second of seven annual European Formula 5000 Championships to be contested between 1969 and 1975. The title was won by Peter Gethin, driving a McLaren M10B.


1970 Guards European Formula 5000 Championship, Calendar
The championship was contested over twenty rounds with each round staged over two heats.


1970 Guards European Formula 5000 Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places at each round. Final championship positions were determined from the best ten results from the longer rounds (i.e. those contested over greater than 100 miles) and the best four results from the shorter rounds.


1970 Guatemalan general election
General elections were held in Guatemala on 1 March 1970. No candidate received over 50% of the vote in the presidential election, resulting in Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio being elected by Congress on 21 March by a vote of 37 to 17. The National Liberation Movement–Institutional Democratic Party alliance also won the Congressional elections. Voter turnout was 53.82% in the presidential election and 53.26% in the Congressional elections.


1970 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season
The 1970 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season was the 13th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 21st overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in 1st place in the Eastern Conference with an 8–5–1 record, but lost the Eastern Finals to the Montreal Alouettes.


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500
The 1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was the 11th running of the Bathurst 500 touring car race. It was held on 4 October 1970 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst. The race was open to standard production sedans competing in five classes based on the purchase price of the vehicle (in Australian dollars).


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500
Allan Moffat won his first Bathurst enduro leading home Bruce McPhee in a one-two result for the Ford Works Team and their Ford XW Falcon GTHO Phase II's. It was the fifth Phillip Island / Bathurst 500 victory for the factory team. Third, a lap behind the Fords, was Don Holland driving a Holden LC Torana GTR XU-1.


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500
Defending winners Colin Bond and Tony Roberts drove separate cars in the event. Bond finished 16th in his Holden Dealer Team Torana GTR XU-1 after having led the early laps, while Roberts was lucky to survive what was the biggest accident in the races history to that point when his GTHO Falcon crashed at Skyline only 6 laps from the finish. The Falcon spun backwards, leapt over the guard rail and rolled about 50 metres down the mountain before being stopped by a tree.


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class A
For cars up to $1,960. It was made up of Datsun 1200s, 1.3 litre Ford Escorts, Mazda 1300s and Toyota Corollas. A Datsun 1200 won the class with an average lap time of 3 minutes, 26 seconds.


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class B
The $1,961 to $2,400 class consisted of Datsun 1600, Fiat 128, Ford Cortina and 2.6 litre Holden Torana.


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class C
The $2,401 to $3,150 class saw a mix of two barrel carburettor Chrysler Valiant Pacer, 1.6 litre Ford Escort, 3.1 litre Holden Torana and Morris Cooper S.


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class D
The $3,151 to $4,100 class featured only the four barrel carburettor Chrysler Valiant Pacer, a Fiat 125 and a Triumph 2.5 PI although a Ford Capri was also entered but did not start.


1970 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class E
For cars over $4,100. Apart from a single BMW 2800 and a Holden Monaro the class consisted only of Ford Falcon GTHO Phase II.


1970 Hardy Cup
The 1970 Hardy Cup was the 1970 edition of the Canadian intermediate senior ice hockey championship.


1970 Hardy Cup, Final
Powell River Regals beat Val D'Or Olympiques 3–2 on series.


1970 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1970 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. Harvard tied for second in the Ivy League.


1970 Harvard Crimson football team
In their 14th and final year under head coach John Yovicsin, the Crimson compiled a 7–2 record and outscored opponents 227 to 157. Gary W. Farneti was the team captain.


1970 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard's 5–2 conference record tied for second place in the Ivy League standings. The Crimson outscored Ivy opponents 160 to 141.


1970 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.


1970 Hawaii Rainbows football team
The 1970 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa as an independent during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. In their third season under head coach Dave Holmes, the Rainbows compiled a 9–2 record.


1970 Hawaii gubernatorial election
The 1970 Hawaii gubernatorial election was Hawaii's fourth gubernatorial election. The election was held on November 3, 1970, and resulted in a victory for the Democratic candidate,  incumbent Governor of Hawaii John A. Burns over Republican candidate, Judge Samuel Pailthorpe King. Burns received more votes than King in every county in the state.


1970 Hawaii gubernatorial election
Both the Democratic and Republican primaries were contested, with the primary votes held on October 3, 1970.


1970 Hawaii gubernatorial election
Governor Burns became ill to the point of incapacitation for the last year of this term, and although he remained the governor in name, Lt. Gov. George Ariyoshi took the role of acting governor from October 26, 1973 until the end of this term on December 2, 1974.


1970 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1970 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 46th season in the Victorian Football League and 69th overall.


1970 Herbert Pell Cup
The 1970 Herbert Pell Cup was held in Newport, Rhode Island, United States in 1970. The winner, Gretel II, was awarded the Herbert Pell Cup and went on to challenge for the 1970 America's Cup. This was the first time a challenger's selection series was held, previously the New York Yacht Club had accepted a direct challenge for the America's Cup.


1970 Herbert Pell Cup
In a defenders selection series that was held simultaneously, three boats competed for the right to defend the America's Cup.


1970 Herbert Pell Cup, Teams, Gretel II (AUS)
Representing the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron, Gretel II was owned by Frank Packer. The boat was skippered by James Hardy and the crew included starting helmsman Martin Visser, William Fesq, David Forbes, Paul Salmon, John Anderson and port trimmer John Bertrand.


1970 Herbert Pell Cup, Teams, France (FRA)
France was owned by Marcel Bich and represented Cercle de la Voile de Paris. Pierre Delfour skippered the yacht and the crew included Éric Tabarly, Robin Fuger, Louis Noverraz and Bernard Dunand.


1970 Herbert Pell Cup, Results
In a best of seven series, Gretel II was undefeated and won the series 4-0. Bich skippered his own yacht in the fourth and final match race.


1970 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1970 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. Bill Whitton returned for a second year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 0–10–1.


1970 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
Reeling financially from the cancellation of all 1969 home games, Holy Cross opted to schedule an 11-game season for the first time in its history, adding a visit to West Point. The no-win, 10-loss season was the worst result in Holy Cross history to that point.


1970 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
All home games were played at Fitton Field on the Holy Cross campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1970 Home State 200
The 1970 Home State 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 30, 1970, at North Carolina State Fairgrounds in Raleigh, North Carolina.


1970 Home State 200
The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.


1970 Home State 200, Summary
This race was done on a dirt track spanning a distance of 0.500 miles (0.805 km); for a grand total distance of 100.0 miles (160.9 km). Benny Parsons was driving the car like a modern NASCAR driver would drive on asphalt while Richard Petty was swinging his car sideways and sliding around the corners. Parsons was carefully following Petty after losing the lead; thinking he could try to throw his car to a corner in an attempt to imitate Richard Petty. As soon as he came off of turn 4 and prepared to throw his car sideways into turn 1, the engine blew after 96 laps of consistent racing.


1970 Home State 200, Summary
There were 23 drivers on the racing grid; all of them were American-born males. John Sears would finish in last-place as the result of an engine problem on lap 16 even though he was fastest qualifier and led the first ten laps. Richard Petty defeated Neil Castles by more than two laps in front of 6,000 live audience members. Neil Castles would receive his final 2nd place finish in Grand National career. His name often comes up in the "best driver never to get a win" discussions.


1970 Home State 200, Summary
Two lead changes were made in addition to one yellow flag being waved for four laps; making the race last one hour and twenty-seven minutes. The other finishers in the top ten included: Bobby Isaac, James Hylton, Cecil Gordon, Bobby Allison, Dave Marcis, Ben Arnold, Bill Hollar, Jabe Thomas. Nord Krauskopf, James Hylton, and Bobby Allison were the most notable NASCAR owners in this race.


1970 Home State 200, Summary
This race was the final dirt track race in what is now known as the Cup Series. John Kenney would retire after this race while Bill Hollar would make his debut here. The top prize of the race was $1,000 ($6,583.55 when considering inflation) while the last-place finisher received $200 ($1,316.71 when considering inflation).


1970 Houston Astros season
The 1970 Houston Astros season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the National League West with a record of 79–83, 23 games behind the Cincinnati Reds.


1970 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Houston Cougars football team
The 1970 Houston Cougars football team represented the University of Houston during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season.


1970 Houston Oilers season
The 1970 Houston Oilers season was the 11th season overall and its first as part of the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their previous season's 6–6–2 record, winning only three games. The Oilers started the season winning two of its first three games, both road wins against the Steelers and Bengals.


1970 Houston Oilers season
The Oilers struggled the rest of the season, as they went 0-6-1 following the 2-1 start. In week five versus the Steelers in the Astrodome, starting quarterback Charley Johnson suffered a broken clavicle when he was clipped by Pittsburgh defensive tackle Chuck Hinton on an interception return. Johnson returned after missing four games, but was nowhere near as effective than before the injury.


1970 Houston Oilers season
The Oilers won only one of their last 11 games, a 31-21 win over the Denver Broncos, before losing their final 3 games of the season, including a 52-10 rout by in-state rival Dallas in the finale, to finish the season 3-10-1. They missed the playoffs for the second time in three seasons, and for the first of eight consecutive seasons.


1970 Houston Oilers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation
The 1970 Houston Women's Invitation (also known as the Virginia Slims Invitation for sponsorship reasons) was a women's only tennis tournament. The tournament was the first women only tournament and was created by Gladys Heldman and held at the Houston Racquet Club.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation
The tournament was held in protest to the unfair distribution of prize money at tennis events. The women objected to the Pacific Southwest Championships offering a 8:1 ratio split in prize money. Nine women, known as "the original 9", including Billie Jean King, went with Heldman to play in this one-off tournament.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation
The Houston Women's invitation received sponsorship from Virginia Slims (Philip Morris), making the total prize purse $7,500 and took place at the same time as the Pacific Southwest Championships. The tournament was won by Rosie Casals when she beat Judy Dalton of Australia in the final.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
"Outspoken on behalf of women's rights, in and out of sports–tennis in particular—she was possibly the most influential figure in popularizing professional tennis in the United States."


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
Until the Houston event, all women's tournaments were held alongside men's tennis events. These events were part of the Grand Prix series for women, but unlike the men's series, without a season-ending championship. The Open era began with the British Hard Court Championships in Bournemouth in 1968. At the first Open Wimbledon, the prize-fund difference was 2.5:1 in favour of men. Billie Jean King won £750 for taking the title, while Rod Laver took £2,000. The total purses of the competitions were £14,800 for men and £5,680 for women.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
By the 1970s, the pay which had been 2.5:1 ratio between men and women increased. In 1969, ratios of 5:1 in terms of pay were common at smaller tournaments; by 1970, these figures increased to 8:1 and even 12:1. At the 1970 Italian Open, men's champion Ilie Nastase received $3,500 and women's champion Billie Jean King received $600.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
"Gladys and her magazine became the allies of disgruntled female players."


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
Gladys Heldman, who was a former player in the amateur era, had been making her mark in American tennis throughout the 1950s and 60s. When the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) voted not to hold the National Indoor Championships because they always lost money, Heldman stepped in to underwrite the losses, and turned in an $8,000 profit. In 1962, she raised $18,000 to charter a plane to take 85 foreign tennis players to New York to play in the US Open and underwrote their expenses as well.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
Heldman's involvement in tennis went back ten years, to 1953, when she set up World Tennis magazine. It made a loss at first, but by the mid-1960s it sold 43,000 copies, making the highest-selling tennis magazine in the world. Heldman used her magazine to increase awareness of gender inequality in sports. In winter 1969, Heldman staged three women's only tournaments: a $5,000 tournament in Philadelphia; another $5,000 tournament at the Vanderblit Club in New York; and a tournament without prize money in Dallas.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
"If they don't like it. I won't give them any prize money."


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
The turning point in the struggle for acceptance of the women's game came before the US Open in 1970. The Pacific Southwest Championships, run by Jack Kramer, offered a total prize purse of $12,500 to the men players and only $1,500 to the women players, for a ratio worse than 8:1, a pay difference tennis journalist Bud Collins termed a "feudalistic ratio." Because the tournament would not take place until after the Open, players contacted Heldman and stated that they wanted to boycott the event. Heldman advised against the idea and she approached Kramer twice without success.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
Heldman decided that if women were not going to be paid fairly, then she would set up a tournament to rival Kramer's. Houston was chosen as the venue as Heldman was about to move there. She contacted the Houston Racquet Club and the Texas Lawn Tennis Association about her idea and within days had created a $5,000 tournament for eight women.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Background
In the locker rooms at Forest Hills, the women tennis professionals argued about whether to boycott the Pacific Southwest Championship. The idealists in the group wanted to make a point before 12:1 ratios were the norm. Others wanted no part in a rebellion. When it looked as if the group would get nowhere, Heldman walked into the locker room and announced her plan for the Houston Women's Invitation.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Opposition
When Heldman first told Kramer of her tournament, he stated that he would not oppose the tournament. Once Kramer spoke with his friends at the USLTA, he changed his mind and decided that he would object to the tournament taking place; the women needed the governing body's backing to be allowed to proceed. The USLTA, according to King, tried to pin the blame on Perry T. Jones, the president of Southern California Tennis Association, who at the time was in a coma. The USLTA sent a telegram to Heldman allegedly signed by him. Jones died the next day.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Sanctions
Two days before the tournament, Alaster Martin, president of the USLTA, sent an ultimatum to the players planning to take part in the tournament. His message stated that the USLTA would suspend any player involved, meaning they could not play in Wightman or Federation Cup competition. Their future at the Grand Slams also would be in doubt.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Sanctions
"At that point I didn't care if I never played Wimbledon again.""


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Sanctions
Before the tournament started, Stan Malless, chairman of the USLTA's scheduling committee, called the group planning to play in the tournament. Malless stated that they could have a sanctioned amateur tournament with no prize money. If they chose this option, they could play for $7,500 in "money under the table." If they played for the money honestly, they would be suspended. The women chose the latter. They signed one-week contracts with Heldman to protect the racquet club from sanctions.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Sanctions
With the start of the tournament an hour away and the contracts not signed, King phoned Martin to give him one last chance. Martin offered no money deal and could only offer two tournaments for women: the US Indoor Championships and the US Open. King put the phone down walked away, and with the other eight women signed Heldman's contract. The players marked the moment by taking a photo of each of them holding up a dollar bill symbolic of the $1 contracts they had signed. The photo was widely circulated in the press and has long since represented the birth of modern women's professional tennis as a whole and more specifically the first women's professional tour. The USLTA suspended the players the next day.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Players
"BJ and Rosie were the ringleaders on court, close friends, doubles partners frequent final–round foes, super saleswomen for the emerging tour. They were perfect role players, feisty but good humored kids off the public courts who believed women had a destiny in professional sport."


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Players
"We knew we were making history and we had such a strong sense of purpose. I just kept thinking about the vision we had for the future of our sport. We wanted to ensure that any girl in the world that was good enough would have a place to go and make a living playing tennis."


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Players
Two other players withdrew from the event: Patti Hogan withdrew because she did not want to take the risk and stand against the establishment. Margaret Court, who, after completing her Grand Slam, had just lost in Charlotte to Chris Evert, who was 15 at the time, withdrew due to a left ankle injury which sidelined her for three months. She was replaced by Pigeon.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Tournament
"He came to the financial and spiritual rescue of the women, up to then second–class citizens of tournament tennis."


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Tournament
Joseph Cullman added an additional $2,500 making the purse stand at $7,500. Cullman was the chairman of Philip Morris and a family friend of Gladys Heldman. Philip Morris had already sponsored the 1968 U.S. Open. Cullman agreed to sponsor the Houston tournament using the Virginia Slims brand the company had introduced two years earlier. The tournament was therefore called the Virginia Slims Invitational.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Aftermath
During the tournament, Barry MacKay, chairman of the Pacific Coast Championships, called Heldman with an offer. Following all the publicity surrounding her event MacKay had decided to increase the women's prize fund for a draw of 32 players from $2,000 to $4,400. Heldman declined and stated that her players would play for a purse of $11,000. MacKay called the next day and agreed to the demands.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Aftermath
After the event at a dinner at Heldman's house, Larry King and Dennis Van der Meer proposed that their company, TennisAmerica should be brought in to run the women's tour. The players voted between King and Heldman and chose Heldman to run a new women's only tour. This became the Virginia Slims Circuit, with Phillip Morris continuing their link and sponsoring 8 of the 16 tournaments on the schedule.


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Aftermath
In 2015, a tennis.com article stated, "The tour would be criticized over the years for promoting cigarettes, but Cullman was the right sponsor for the moment."


1970 Houston Women's Invitation, Aftermath
A few weeks after the tournament the USLTA grudgingly reinstated the nine players who they had suspended. The ILTA initially suspended the players as well, but soon relented when they realised that they needed them for their events to bring in spectators.


1970 Huascarán debris avalanche
The 1970 Huascarán debris avalanche occurred on May 31, 1970, when a debris avalanche and mudflow triggered by the Ancash earthquake destroyed the Peruvian town of Yungay and ten nearby villages, leaving up to 30,000 people dead. It is the deadliest avalanche or glacier-related disaster in history, and the third or fourth most deadly landslide-related disaster of the 20th century, after the Haiyuan landslides (China), the Armero tragedy (Colombia) and by some estimates the Khait landslide (Tajikistan).


1970 Huascarán debris avalanche
The north peak of Huascarán from which the avalanche originated had been considered unstable since 1962, when a smaller collapse wiped out several villages of the Callejón de Huaylas valley near Yungay. However, the provincial government made efforts to prevent the news from spreading and urged people not to panic. The 1970 earthquake destabilized a glacier and snowmass which surged rapidly downhill, becoming a mudflow as it accumulated large volumes of loose dirt, rock and surface water.


1970 Huascarán debris avalanche
The death toll was made worse due to the earthquake having occurred on a Sunday, as thousands more people had congregated in Yungay for market when the mudflow struck and leveled the city. The slide then entered the Río Santa and caused extensive damage as it flowed all the way downstream to the Pacific Ocean, a distance of 100 miles (160 km), mostly through a narrow canyon.


1970 Huascarán debris avalanche
Following the disaster, the Peruvian government conducted relief efforts and planned to move the provincial capital from Yungay to a safer location at Tingua. Survivors resisted the resettlement proposal and thousands stayed in a camp just north of the destroyed city known as "Yungay Norte", which would eventually become the present-day town of Yungay. The government has forbidden redevelopment or excavation of the original town site, where a memorial has been established to commemorate the dead. Although most of Yungay was completely leveled by the earthquake and mudflow, some remnants, including the ruined cathedral and cemetery, can still be seen in the area.