1971 Grantland Rice Bowl
The 1971 Grantland Rice Bowl was an NCAA College Division game following the 1971 season, between the Tennessee State Tigers and the McNeese State Cowboys.


1971 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
From Tennessee State, three players were selected in the 1972 NFL Draft – defensive back Clifford Brooks, linebacker Robert Stevenson, and quarterback Joe Gilliam. Players later selected in the 1973 NFL Draft include tackle Robert Woods, tight end Jim Thaxton, wide receiver Ollie Smith, defensive end Will Wynn, and wide receiver Charlie Wade. Sophomore defensive end Ed "Too Tall" Jones would be the number one pick in the 1974 NFL Draft.


1971 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
From McNeese State, guard Mike O'Quinn was selected in the 1972 NFL Draft. Running back Larry Grissom was inducted to his university's hall of fame in 1985, as was safety Billy Blakeman in 2009. Quarterback Greg Davis went on to be the head coach at Tulane, and offensive coordinator for several college teams.


1971 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
Tennessee State head coach John Merritt was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1994. McNeese State head coach Jack Doland was inducted to the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in 2002.


1971 Grantland Rice Bowl, Scoring summary
Grissom's field goal was the first in Grantland Rice Bowl history.


1971 Green Bay Packers season
The 1971 Green Bay Packers season was their 53rd season overall and their 51st season in the National Football League (NFL). The team finished with a 4–8–2 record under first-year coach Dan Devine, earning them a fourth-place finish in the NFC Central division.


1971 Green Bay Packers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1971 Greenlandic Football Championship
The 1971 Greenlandic Football Championship was the inaugural edition of the Greenlandic Football Championship. The final round was held in Nuuk. It was won by Tupilak-41 who defeated Grønlands Seminarius Sportklub 1–0 in the final.


1971 Greenwich London Borough Council election
The 1971 Greenwich Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Greenwich London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained overall control of the council.


1971 Greenwich by-election
The Greenwich by-election of 8 July 1971 was held after the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Richard Marsh resigned from the House of Commons to take up the post of Chairman of British Rail. The seat was retained by Labour.


1971 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
The 1971 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the eighth edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 19 September 1971. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Frans Verbeeck.


1971 Hackney London Borough Council election
The 1971 Hackney Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Hackney London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained overall control of the council.


1971 Hagihara
1971 Hagihara, provisional designation 1955 RD1, is an Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter.


1971 Hagihara
It was discovered on 14 September 1955, by the Indiana Asteroid Program at the Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. It was later named after Japanese astronomer Yusuke Hagihara.


1971 Hagihara, Orbit and classification
Hagihara is a member of the Eos family (606), the largest asteroid family in the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 2 months (1,891 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid's observation arc begins with its discovery observation at Goethe in September 1955.


1971 Hagihara, Physical characteristics
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Hagihara measures 12.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.135, which is neither typical for stony nor for carbonaceous bodies. As of 2017, the asteroid's composition and spectral type, as well as its rotation period and shape remain unknown.


1971 Hagihara, Naming
This minor planet was named in honour of Yusuke Hagihara (1897–1979) on the occasion of his 81st birthday. He was professor of astronomy at the University of Tokyo and director of the Tokyo Observatory. He also served as vice-president of the International Astronomical Union and was the president of its Commission VII.


1971 Hagihara, Naming
Hagihara is best known for the discussion of stability problems in celestial mechanics and his theory of libratory motions, as well as for important contributions to the study of the velocity distribution of free electrons in planetary nebulae, and his important five-volume treatise on celestial mechanics. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1978 (M.P.C. 4419).


1971 Haitian constitutional referendum
A constititional referendum was held in Haiti on 30 January 1971. Before the referendum, the Haitian parliament had voted in favour of lowering the age limit for becoming president from 40 years to 20, as well as confirming Jean-Claude Duvalier, son of ailing Dictator François Duvalier as 21 years of age, which would allow him to succeed his father. The referendum asked Haitians the question:


1971 Haitian constitutional referendum
Citizen Doctor François Duvalier . . . has chosen Citizen Jean-Claude Duvalier to succeed him to the Presidency for Life of the Republic. Does this choice answer your aspirations and your desires? Do you ratify it?


1971 Haitian constitutional referendum
It was reportedly approved by 100% of voters, with no votes against officially recognized. London based publication the Latin America reported that there were 2 invalid ballots while "one brave man voted against".


1971 Haitian constitutional referendum, Results
Out of approximately 4,7 million inhabitants, 2,391,916 voters voted at the referendum.


1971 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season
The 1971 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season was the 14th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 22nd overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in 2nd place in the Eastern Conference with a 7–7 record, but lost the Eastern Finals to the Toronto Argonauts. On September 6, 1971, Joe Zuger and Dave Fleming set a franchise record with the longest single play passing yard, a 108-yard passing play against the Argonauts. Tony Gabriel's rookie season was with Hamilton in 1971, where he caught 20 passes for 285 yards.


1971 Hammersmith London Borough Council election
The 1971 Hammersmith Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Hammersmith London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained overall control of the council.


1971 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Election result
The Labour Party won 58 seats - a gain of 52 seats from the previous election, taking control of the council. The Conservative Party won 2 seats (the Avonmore ward) - a loss of 52 seats from their previous result, and lost control of the council.


1971 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Election result
The Liberal Party stood candidates in three wards, and a single candidate stood for the Communist Party, but none of these won a seat.


1971 Harco work-in
The 1971 Harco work-in was an action undertaken by workers at a steel plant in Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia. The work-in was the culmination of a protracted industrial dispute between the owners of Harco Steel and the workers at the Campbelltown site. The dispute arose as a result of worker objections to the owners' practice of sacking and then rehiring workers to reduce costs during periods of low production.


1971 Harco work-in
After a round of sackings in November 1971, the workers decided that strike action, which was common at the site, was no longer an effective tactic for confronting management. Drawing inspiration from the factory occupations in France in 1968 as well as actions taken by the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders in Scotland earlier in 1971, the Harco workers adopted the tactic of the work-in.


1971 Harco work-in
The work-in lasted for a period of four weeks. Workers' self-management was practiced, leading to an increase in productivity of around 26%.


1971 Harco work-in
The owners of Harco responded in a number of ways, including sabotage and legal action. Workers received community support in the form of donations of food and money.


1971 Harco work-in
The work-in ended when Harco obtained an order from the Supreme Court of New South Wales, which compelled the workers to leave the site.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500
The 1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was a motor race held on 3 October 1971 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. It was open to production vehicles competing in showroom condition, with the field divided into five classes based on the purchase price of the vehicle in Australian dollars. Although an outright winner was officially recognised, all other official awards were for class results only. The race was the 12th in  a sequence of annual "Bathurst 500" production car races dating back to the 1960 Armstrong 500. The outright winner was Allan Moffat driving a Ford XY Falcon GT-HO Phase III.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500
The 1971 race is perhaps best remembered for Sydney driver Bill Brown's lucky escape after the biggest single car crash in the race's history. On lap 43, the right front tyre on Brown's Phase III GTHO Falcon burst at over 100 mph (161 km/h) on the approach to the daunting McPhillamy Park, which in 1971 had no runoff area on the outside of the track, just the earth bank and a fence made of railway sleepers on top.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500
The Falcon barrel-rolled along the fence (with two marshals lucky to escape with their lives by only just scampering out of the way) and ended upside down after 3½ rolls. Brown was lucky because his seat broke in the first roll and he was lying flat in the car as it continued rolling. Amazingly his only injuries were a grazed shin and a black eye.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500
1971 will also be remembered as the year that Moffat had a stray cardboard Southwark Bitter carton attached itself to the front of his GTHO for a number of laps, blocking the car's radiator. Pit boards told him of the problem and the team attempted to call Moffat in for a quick stop to remove the carton, but Moffat, seeing no change to the engine temperature and no reduction in the cars performance, waved them off and remained on the track until his scheduled pit stop with the approval of Ford Works Team manager Howard Marsden.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure
Cars competed in five classes based on the purchase price of the vehicle in Australian dollars.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class A
Class A was for cars costing less than $2,150. It was contested by Datsun 1200, Mazda 1300 and Toyota Corolla.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class B
The $2,151 to $2,500 class had the smallest number of starters with just four cars: Datsun 1600 and Mazda Capella 1600.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class C
The $2,501 to $3,150 class saw a mix of Ford Cortina, Ford Escort, 2.8 litre Holden Torana GTR, Honda 1300, Mazda RX-2 and Morris Cooper S.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class D
The $3,151 to $4,350 class featured Alfa Romeo Giulia, the E38 version of the Chrysler Valiant Charger, Ford Falcon 500 and 3.0 litre Holden Torana GTR XU-1.


1971 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class E
For cars over $4,350. Apart from a single Fiat 124S, the class consisted only of Ford Falcon GT-HO Phase IIIs.


1971 Hardy Cup
The 1971 Hardy Cup was the 1971 edition of the Canadian intermediate senior ice hockey championship.


1971 Hardy Cup, Final
Bathurst Alpine Papermakers beat Rosetown Red Wings 3–0 on series.


1971 Haringey London Borough Council election
The 1971 Haringey Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Haringey London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained overall control of the council.


1971 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Alexandra-Bowes
S. R. Gaubert was a sitting councillor for Noel Park ward.


1971 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Central Hornsey
G. C. Cleaver was a sitting councillor for Coleraine ward.


1971 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Fortis Green
Mrs C. J. Levinson was a sitting councillor for Central Hornsey ward. G. J. Y. Murphy was a sitting councillor for Turnpike ward.


1971 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Noel Park
M. S. Hiller was a sitting councillor for Coleraine ward.


1971 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Stroud Green
Miss C. D. Jackson was a sitting councillor for Central Hornsey ward.


1971 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, West Green
Mrs E. M. Donno was a sitting councillor for Seven Sisters ward.


1971 Harrow London Borough Council election
The 1971 Harrow Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Harrow London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election; no party gained overall control.


1971 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1971 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. Harvard finished fourth in the Ivy League.


1971 Harvard Crimson football team
In their first year under head coach Joe Restic, the Crimson compiled a 5–4 record and outscored opponents 180 to 167. David A. Ignacio was the team captain.


1971 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard's 4–3 conference record placed fourth in the Ivy League standings. The Crimson outscored Ivy opponents 147 to 139.


1971 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.


1971 Havering London Borough Council election
The 1971 Havering Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Havering London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained overall control of the council.


1971 Hawaii Rainbows football team
The 1971 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa as an independent during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Dave Holmes, the Rainbows compiled a 7–4 record.


1971 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1971 season was the Hawthorn Football Club 47th season in the Victorian Football League and 70th overall. Hawthorn finished as the minor premiers for the first time since 1963. Hawthorn qualified for the finals for the first time since 1963. Hawthorn qualified for their third Grand Final and first since 1963. Hawthorn defeated St Kilda in the Grand Final 82–75 to win their second VFL premiership and first since 1961. Peter Hudson kicked 150 goals equalling the record set by Bob Pratt in 1934.


1971 Hayes and Harlington by-election
The Hayes and Harlington by-election of 17 June 1971 was held after the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Arthur Skeffington. The seat was retained by Labour.


1971 Heinz Cup
The 1971 VFL H.J. Heinz Night Premiership was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in September of the 1971 VFL Premiership Season. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1971 VFL finals series. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. It was the 16th and last VFL Night Series competition, with the series disbanded the following year due to waning interest and the introduction of the final five in the premiership competition. Melbourne won its first night series cup defeating Fitzroy in the final by 16 points.


1971 Hillingdon London Borough Council election
The 1971 Hillingdon Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Hillingdon London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained overall control of the council.


1971 Hokkaido gubernatorial election
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:08, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1971 Hokkaido gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held on 11 April 1971 to elect the Governor of Hokkaido Prefecture.


1971 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1971 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. Ed Doherty took over for his first year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 4–6.


1971 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
Holy Cross competed as an independent despite having announced in May 1971 that the Crusaders, along with the Boston University Terriers, would join the Yankee Conference. Because their previous scheduling commitments would not allow them to play the full Yankee round-robin in 1971 and 1972, HC and BU continued to compete as football independents and were not eligible for the Yankee Conference championship. Holy Cross did play non-conference games against two longstanding Yankee teams in 1971, losing to both Connecticut and Massachusetts.


1971 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
All home games were played at Fitton Field on the Holy Cross campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1971 Honduran general election
General elections were held in Honduras on March 28, 1971. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic and a new Congress. The two main parties, the National Party and Liberal Party, had agreed before the election to split the Congressional seats equally between them, with each party being awarded 32 of the 64 seats.


1971 Honduran general election
Additional one seat was to be allocated to the winner of the presidential elections as the president was entitled to one seat in parliament, while both parties were to be equally represented in the Supreme Court in all state institutions including the Government. Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés of the National Party won the presidential election with 53% of the vote. Approximately 40% out of total of around 900,000 voters abstained from voting at the elections. Some of the major topics at the elections was the issue of commitment to continued participation in the Central American Common Market and approach to the relations with Salvador after the Football War.


1971 Hong Kong municipal election
The 1971 Urban Council election was held on 3 March 1971 for the 5 of the 10 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong.


1971 Hong Kong municipal election
10,047 of the 37,797 eligible voters cast their votes, the turnout rate was 26.6%.


1971 Hong Kong municipal election
Cecilia Yeung Lai Yin of the Club won the seat onto the Urban Council, becoming the first Chinese woman ever elected on this Council.


1971 Hounslow London Borough Council election
The 1971 Hounslow Council election took place on 13 May 1971 to elect members of Hounslow London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained overall control of the council.


1971 Houston Astros season
The 1971 Houston Astros season was a season in American baseball. The team finished tied for fourth in the National League West with a record of 79–83, 11 games behind the San Francisco Giants.


1971 Houston Astros season
The Astros played 75 games that were decided by a one run margin, which is an all-time MLB record. In those games, the team had a record of 32–43.


1971 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1971 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1971 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 Houston Cougars football team
The 1971 Houston Cougars football team represented the University of Houston during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. The Cougars, coached by Bill Yeoman in his tenth season, compiled a 9–3 record, and outscored their opponents by a total of 339 to 199. Houston finished ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll after a loss to Colorado in the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl.


1971 Houston Oilers season
The 1971 Houston Oilers season was the team's 12th season, and second with the National Football League. The Oilers improved on their previous season's output of three victories, winning four games in 1971. They missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season.


1971 Houston Oilers season
The 1971 Oilers are the only team in NFL history to throw three-or-more interceptions in ten different games. (The team was 2–7–1 in those games.)


1971 Houston Oilers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1971 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1971 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1971 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1971 Lumberjacks were led by sixth-year head coach Bud Van Deren. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of seven wins and four losses (7–4, 3–3 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 288–209 for the season.


1971 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL
No Humboldt State players were selected in the 1972 NFL Draft.


1971 Hungarian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 25 April 1971. The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party was the only party to contest the elections, and won 224 of the 352 seats, with the remaining 128 going to independents selected by the party.


1971 Hungarian parliamentary election
All prospective candidates had to accept the program of the Patriotic People's Front, which was dominated by the HSWP. While it was possible for more than one candidate to run in a constituency, only 49 of the 352 constituencies had more than one candidate.


1971 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1971 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Meran, Italy under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the second time. It was the 12th edition. The mixed C2 team event was discontinued following the 1969 championships. Meran hosted the championships previously in 1953, tying a record set both by Geneva, Switzerland (1949, 1959) and by Spittal, Austria (1963, 1965).


1971 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1971 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.


1971 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The men's competition consisted of six canoe (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for women, all in kayak. C-1 500 m and C-2 500 m events debuted at this ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, the ninth Championships in canoe sprint.


1971 IHF Olympic Asian qualification tournament
The 1971 IHF Olympic Asian qualification tournament was held in Japan. The winner of the tournament qualified for the 1972 Summer Olympics.


1971 IHF Olympic Asian qualification tournament, Broadcast
The first and last game of Japan were broadcast by NHK Educational TV. For the game on 23 November Israel against Japan there were negotiation for a radio broadcast at NHK Radio 1.


1971 IIHF European U19 Championship
The 1971 IIHF European U19 Championship was the fourth playing of the IIHF European Junior Championships.


1971 IIHF European U19 Championship, Group A
Played in Presov, Czechoslovakia from December 27, 1970, to January 3, 1971.


1971 IIHF European U19 Championship, Group A
Norway should have been relegated to Group B for 1972, but were not because Romania declined their promotion.


1971 IIHF European U19 Championship, Group B
Played in Bucharest, Romania from December 27, 1970, to January 3, 1971.


1971 IIHF European U19 Championship, Group B
Romania should have been promoted to Group A for 1972, but they declined.


1971 IMSA GT Championship
The 1971 IMSA GT Series season was the inaugural season of the IMSA GT Championship auto racing series. It was for Grand Tourer-style racing cars which ran in the GTO and GTU classes, as well as former Trans Am Series cars in the TO and TU classes. It began April 18, 1971, and ended November 21, 1971, after six rounds.


1971 IMSA GT Championship, Constructors' Championship
Points are awarded to the top six in each class in the order of 9-6-4-3-2-1.


1971 Ibrox disaster
The 1971 Ibrox disaster was a crush among the crowd at an Old Firm football game, which led to 66 deaths and more than 200 injuries. It happened on 2 January 1971 in an exit stairway at Ibrox Park (now Ibrox Stadium) in Glasgow, Scotland. It was the worst British football disaster until the Hillsborough disaster in Sheffield, England, in 1989.


1971 Ibrox disaster
The stadium's owner, Rangers F.C., was later ruled to be at fault in a sheriff's judgement on one of the deaths. Rangers did not dispute this ruling, and was sued for damages in 60 other cases brought by relatives of the dead.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Background
The first disaster at Ibrox occurred during a 1902 home international match between Scotland and England. The back of the wooden West Tribune Stand collapsed due to heavy rainfall the previous night, causing 25 deaths and more than 500 injuries.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Background
During 1963, concerns were raised about the safety of the stairway adjacent to passageway 13, colloquially known as Stairway 13, the exit closest to Copland Road subway station. It was documented that the stairs provided very little freedom of movement due to crowd pressure; many were lifted off their feet by the crowd and had no choice in which lane they were going to use, or at what pace.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Background
On 16 September 1961, two people were killed in a crush on the stairway. In 1967, eight spectators were injured when leaving the stadium. In 1969, 26 were injured in an accident on Stairway 13 during egress. No measures were taken to consult a professional firm to discuss the potential dangers from crowds on Stairway 13 following these events. Subsequent to the 1961 accident, Rangers had by then spent a total of £150,000 (equivalent to £2,500,000 in 2019) on improvements to Ibrox, a very significant sum of money for the time.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Events
The disaster occurred on Saturday, 2 January 1971, when 66 people were killed in a crush as supporters tried to leave the stadium. The match was an Old Firm game (Rangers v Celtic) and was attended by more than 80,000 fans. In the 90th minute, Celtic took a 1–0 lead through Jimmy Johnstone, but in the final moments of the match, Colin Stein scored an equaliser for Rangers. As thousands of spectators were leaving the ground by stairway 13, it appears that someone may have fallen, causing a massive chain-reaction pile-up of people.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Events
The loss included many children, five of whom, Peter Easton, Martin Paton, Mason Phillips, Brian Todd and Douglas Morrison, were schoolmates from the same town of Markinch in Fife. The loss also included 31 teenagers, including the only female victim Margaret Ferguson of Maddiston in Falkirk, age 18. The youngest child to die was Nigel Patrick Pickup of Liverpool, age 9. Most of the deaths were caused by compressive asphyxia, with bodies being stacked up to six feet deep in the area. More than 200 other fans were injured.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Events
Initially there was speculation that some fans left the ground slightly early when Celtic scored, but then turned back when they heard the crowd cheering when Stein scored the equaliser, colliding with fans leaving the ground when the match ended. The official inquiry into the disaster indicated that there was no truth in this hypothesis, however, as all the spectators were heading in the same direction at the time of the collapse.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Events
Liverpool legend Kenny Dalglish, then a Celtic player, was in the stands when the tragedy occurred. Dalglish was also present at the Heysel and Hillsborough disasters in 1985 and 1989, respectively.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Victims
Sixty-six people died on the day at the stadium as a result of injuries incurred during the disaster. Over 200 people were reported to have suffered injuries.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Victims, Ages
Of those who died, all were aged under 50, 61 were under 40, 49 were under 30, 33 were under 20 and 1 was aged under 10.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Consequences
The disaster spurred the UK government to look into safety at sports grounds. In February 1971, Scottish judge Lord Wheatley was asked to conduct an inquiry. His findings, published in May 1972, formed the basis for the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds (Green Guide), first published in 1973.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Consequences
A fatal accident inquiry had been held in Glasgow which opened on 15 February 1971. It lasted 7 days, although the jury of four men and three women had been instructed not to make recommendations around safety precautions at football grounds, because an inquiry led by Lord Wheatley would be examining this.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Consequences
The 1971 disaster led to a huge redevelopment of the Ibrox ground, spearheaded by the then-manager Willie Waddell, who visited Borussia Dortmund's Westfalenstadion for inspiration. After three years' reconstruction work, three-quarters of the ground being replaced by modern all-seater stands, Ibrox was converted to a 44,000-capacity stadium by 1981. Further work in the 1990s increased the stadium capacity to 50,000, and Ibrox was subsequently awarded UEFA five-star status.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Consequences
The Scottish folk singer-songwriter Matt McGinn (1928–1977) wrote a song called "The Ibrox Disaster" as a tribute to the people who died in the tragic event.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Consequences
For some years after the 1971 disaster, there was only a small plaque at the corner of the ground where it happened. However, in 1995, Rangers announced plans to commemorate the 66 fans killed in the 1971 disaster. On 2 January 2001, the 30th anniversary of the tragedy, a larger monument was unveiled at the corner of the Bill Struth Main Stand and the Copland Road Stand. The monument contains blue plaques displaying the names of each person killed in all three incidents. A statue of John Greig, the Rangers captain at the time of the 1971 disaster, stands atop the monument.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Consequences
In 2011, the 40th anniversary of the disaster was commemorated before the Old Firm game on 2 January 2011 when a one-minute silence was observed before the game. Both teams wore black armbands as a sign of respect and were led out by John Greig and Billy McNeill – the respective club captains at the time of the disaster (although Billy McNeill had not played due to injury).


1971 Ibrox disaster, Damages claims
Sheriff James Irvine Smith, in his damages statement, ruled: "The said accident was due to the fault and negligence of the defenders, Rangers F.C.". Smith found Rangers F.C. guilty on four counts in the case of the death of Charles Dougan, a 31-year-old boilermaker from Clydebank who died, as did 56 others, from traumatic asphyxia.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Damages claims
After hearing of the series of accidents on Stairway 13 including September 1961 when there were 70 people injured and two deaths, September 1967 when 11 people were taken to hospital, and January 1969 when 29 people were injured, Sheriff Irvine Smith stated,


1971 Ibrox disaster, Damages claims
So far as the evidence is concerned, the Board never so much as considered that it ought to apply its mind to the question of safety on that particular stairway [...] and would appear – I put it no higher – to have proceeded on the view that if the problem was ignored long enough it would eventually go away [...] Indeed it goes further than this because certain of their actions can only be interpreted as a deliberate and apparently successful attempt to deceive others that they were doing something, when in fact they were doing nothing.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Damages claims
In the case of Charles Dougan and a further 60 cases brought by relatives of the dead, Rangers F.C. did not dispute the findings of Sheriff Irvine Smith and instead merely disputed the calculation of the damages as can be seen from the appeal judgement of the Sheriff Principal.


1971 Ibrox disaster, Damages claims
In his book, Irvine Smith states that almost 40 years after his decision, he was viewed with disapproval by some Rangers-supporting friends, who accused him of "disloyalty".


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships
The 1971 Ice Hockey World Championships was the 38th edition of the Ice Hockey World Championships, which also doubled as the 49th European ice hockey championships. The Pool A, Pool B and Pool C tournaments were hosted by the following nations:


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships
A record 22 nations participated in the tournaments. The Pool A tournament featured the top six nations, playing a double round-robin tournament for the World Championship. Teams #7-#14 participated in the Pool B tournament with the winner qualifying for the 1972 Pool A championship while the two last-place teams were demoted to the 1972 Pool C tournament. The bottom eight teams participated in the Pool C tournament with the top two teams qualifying for the 1972 Pool B tournament.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships
The Soviet Union won its ninth consecutive (a record which has not been broken), and 11th overall, title.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships
This was the last international tournament in which goaltenders did not have to wear face masks.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Qualifying round (A/B)
The Pool A tournament was held in Bern and Geneva, Switzerland, from 19 March to 3 April 1971. The East German team declined to participate. West Germany participated instead after beating Poland in two qualifying games arranged in November 1970 for the vacant slot. West Germany had placed second in last year's Pool B, while Poland had finished 6th in last year's Pool A.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
For the ninth straight year, the Soviet Union won the world championship, although Czechoslovakia won the 49th European championship as the Czech opening loss against the Americans did not count in the European standings. Team USA was demoted to the 1972 Pool B tournament. The Americans came into their final game needing to win by five goals, and led five to zero in the third period, but the Germans scored the only goal of the frame claiming the advantage in the tie-breaker for 5th place.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
19 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Nedomanský – Riutta 2, Konik, Patrick, Boucha. Referees: Dahlberg (SWE), Ehrensperger (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
19 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Mišakov 3, Petrov 2, Vikulov 2, Firsov, Malcev, Zimin, Martiňuk – Alois Schloder, Philipp.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
20 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Boucha, Falkman – Wickberg 2, Sterner, Lindberg


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
20 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Hanig, Kuhn, Philipp – Oksanen 2, Ketola, Isaksson.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
21 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Hlinka 3, Nedomanský, Panchártek – Lundström 2, Hammarström, Nilsson, Norlander, Sterner. Referees: Bader (GER), Ehrensperger (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
21 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Koskela – Malcev 2, Petrov 2, Davydov, Vikulov, Firsov, Michajlov.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
22 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: B. Šťastný 2, Kochta, Farda, Černý, Martinec, Horešovský, Jiří Holík, Pospíšil – Eimansberger. Referees: Gagnon (USA), Sillankorva (FIN)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
22 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Vikulov 2, Staršinov 2, Mišakov 2, Lutčenko, Firsov, Malcev, Charlamov – Sheehy, Christiansen.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
23 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Alois Schloder, Philipp – Nordlander, Abrahamsson, Wickberg, Lundström, Lindberg, Stig-Göran Johansson, Hammarchtröm.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
23 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Gambucci 2, McElmury, Patrick – Marjamäki, Esa Peltonen, Vehmanen, Linnonmaa, Lindström, Oksanen, Koskela.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
24 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Novák, Nedomanský, Kochta – Martyňuk, Firsov, Petrov. Referees: Wycsik (POL), Ehrensperger (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
25 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Christiansen, Boucha – Hofherr 2, Philipp 2, Völk, Hanig, Kuhn.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
26 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Firsov 4, Michajlov 2, Petrov, Martiňuk.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
26 March 1971 – BernGoalscorers: Farda, Novák, Nedomanský, Kochta, Jiří Holík. Referees: Bader (GER), Dämmerich (GDR)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
27 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Černý, Pospíšil, Bubla, Novák, Farda. Referees: Karandin (URS), Gerber (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
27 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Alois Schloder, Modes – Lutčenko, Vikulov, Malcev 2, Firsov, Charlamov 2, Michajlov, Zimin, Šadrin 3.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
28 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Lundström 2, Nilsson, Palmqvist – Gambucci 2, Boucha.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
28 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Repo, Järn, Erkki Mononen, Murto, Lauri Mononen, Marjamäki, Vehmanen – Bernd Kuhn, Egger.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
29 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Malcev 2, Michajlov, Petrov, Martiňuk, Staršinov, Ragulin, Firsov, Šadrin 2 – Koskela.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
29 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Černý, Suchý, Kochta – Bergman. Referees: Karandin (URS), Ehrenberger (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
30 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Černý 2, Nedomanský, Martinec. Referees: Sillankorva (FIN), Gerber (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
30 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Gambucci 2, Christiansen, Mellor, Boucha – Romiševskij, Malcev, Kuzkin, Michajlov, Martiňuk, Šadrin, Mišakov.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
31 March 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Ketola 3, Koskela 2, Luojola, Oksanen – D.Ross, McElmury, Boucha.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
1 April 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Nedomanský, Suchý, Horešovský, B. Šťastný, Farda – Malcev, Charlamov. Referees: Wycisk (POL), Ehrensperger (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
2 April 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Hofherr – Gambucci, Patrick, Boucha, Ahearn, Christiansen.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
3 April 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Nedomanský 2, B. Šťastný, Hlinka – Murto, Linnonmaa. Referees: Wycisk (POL), Ehrensperger (SUI)


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Switzerland)
3 April 1971 – GenevaGoalscorers: Firsov, Petrov, Michajlov, Lutčenko, Charlamov, Kuzkin – Håkan Wickberg, Tord Lundström, Håkan Pettersson.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Pool A statistics and team rosters
1. Soviet UnionGoalkeepers: Viktor Konovalenko, Vladislav Tretiak. Defencemen: Vladimir Lutchenko, Alexander Ragulin, Vitali Davydov, Viktor Kuzkin, Igor Romishevsky, Yuri Lyapkin, Gennadiy Tsygankov. Forwards: Boris Mikhailov, Vladimir Petrov, Valeri Kharlamov, Vladimir Vikulov, Alexander Maltsev, Anatoli Firsov, Alexander Martynyuk, Yevgeni Mishakov, Vyacheslav Starshinov, Vladimir Shadrin, Yevgeni Zimin. Coaches: Arkady Chernyshev, Anatoly Tarasov.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Pool A statistics and team rosters
2. CzechoslovakiaGoalkeepers : Jiří Holeček, Marcel Sakač. Defencemen: Jan Suchý, František Pospíšil, Oldřich Machač, František Panchártek, Josef Horešovský, Rudolf Tajcnár, Jiří Bubla. Forwards: Jan Havel, Václav Nedomanský, Jiří Holík, Eduard Novák, Richard Farda, Josef Černý, Vladimír Martinec, Ivan Hlinka, Bohuslav Šťastný, Jiří Kochta, Bedřich Brunclík. Coaches: Jaroslav Pitner, Vladimír Kostka.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Pool A statistics and team rosters
3. SwedenGoalkeepers: Christer Abrahamsson, Leif Holmqvist, William Löfqvist. Defencemen: Arne Carlsson, Lennart Svedberg, Thommy Abrahamsson, Bert-Ola Nordlander, Thommie Bergman, Kjell-Rune Milton, Gunnar Andersson. Forwards: Inge Hammarström, Stig-Göran Johansson, Stefan Karlsson, Hans Lindberg, Tord Lundström, Lars-Göran Nilsson, Håkan Nygren, Björn Palmqvist, Håkan Pettersson, Ulf Sterner, Håkan Wickberg. Coach: Arne Strömberg.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Pool A statistics and team rosters
4. FinlandGoalkeepers: Urpo Ylönen, Jorma Valtonen. Defencemen: Ilpo Koskela, Seppo Lindström, Hannu Luojola, Heikki Järn, Pekka Marjamäki, Jauko Öystilä. Forwards: Lauri Mononen, Erkki Mononen, Seppo Repo, Esa Isaksson, Jorma Vehmanen, Lasse Oksanen, Tommi Salmelainen, Veli-Pekka Ketola, Harri Linnonmaa, Matti Murto, Esa Peltonen, Juhani Tamminen. Coaches: Seppo Liitsola, Matias Helenius.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Pool A statistics and team rosters
5. GermanyGoalkeepers : Anton Kehle, Josef Schramm. Defencemen: Hans Schichti, Rudolf Thanner, Josef Völk, Paul Langer, Otto Schneidberger, Erwin Riedmeier, Werner Modes. Forwards: Alois Schloder, Gustav Hanig, Bernd Kuhn, Anton Hofherr, Rainer Phillip, Lorenz Funk, Johann Eimannsberger, Franz Hofherr, Karl-Heinz Egger, Heinz Weisenbach, Klaus Ego. Coach: Gerhard Kiessling.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Pool A statistics and team rosters
6. United StatesGoalkeepers: Carl Wetzel, Mike Curran, Dick Tomasoni. Defencemen: George Konik, Jim McElmury, Don Ross, Bruce Riutta, Tom Mellor, Dick McGlynn. Forwards: Henry Boucha, Gary Gambucci, Craig Patrick, Craig Falkman, Keith Christiansen, Tim Sheehy, Leonard Lilyholm, Kevin Ahearn, Bob Lindberg, Paul Schilling, Pete Fichuk, Richard Toomey. Coach: Murray Williamson.


1971 Ice Hockey World Championships, Ranking and statistics, European championships final standings
The final standings of the European championships according to IIHF:


1971 Icelandic Cup
The 1971 Icelandic Cup was the 12th edition of the National Football Cup. Vikingur Reykjavik were winners.


1971 Icelandic Cup
It took place between 7 July 1969 and 9 December 1969, with the final played at Melavöllur in Reykjavik. The cup was important, as winners qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (if a club won both the league and the cup, the defeated finalists would take their place in the Cup Winners' Cup).


1971 Icelandic Cup
Clubs playing in Europe (ÍA Akranes and ÍBV Vestmannaeyjar) did not enter until the quarter finals. Other teams from the 1. Deild (1st division), entered at the fourth round. As with previous years, teams from the 2. Deild (2nd division) and 3. Deild played in one-legged matches. In case of a draw, the match was replayed.


1971 Icelandic Cup
Vikingur Reykjavik became the first 2. Deild team to win the competition, beating newly promoted Breiðablik Kopavogur in the final by the narrowest of margins (1–0). It was the first national trophy for the club who had a memorable season: this trophy, promotion to the 1. Deild, and qualification for Europe.


1971 Icelandic parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 13 June 1971. Although the Independence Party remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 15 of the 40 seats, Independence Party leader Jóhann Hafstein resigned as Prime Minister the day after the elections as his party and its coalition partners had failed to win a majority of seats. Ólafur Jóhannesson of the Progressive Party succeeded him as Prime Minister, announcing the formation of a new coalition government on the same day. The new government's programme included expanding Icelandic fishing borders from 19 to 80 kilometers and gradually closing down Naval Air Station Keflavik but remaining committed to NATO membership.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1971 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. The Vandals, led by second-year head coach Don Robbins, were members of the Big Sky Conference and played the final three of their five home games at the new Idaho Stadium, an outdoor facility on campus in Moscow, Idaho.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team
The Vandals won their first outright conference title in 1971, which included an eight-game winning streak after opening with two losses. Idaho finished 8–3 in the regular season and 4–1 in the Big Sky. At the time, it was the best record in school history.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable games
A third consecutive season opened without a home field, as the new Idaho Stadium was not quite finished and there was no suitable venue available on the Palouse. After the wooden Neale Stadium (1937) was condemned in August 1969, the Vandals played their limited schedule of Palouse home games at the wooden Rogers Field at WSU in nearby Pullman in 1969 and 1970. The primary (south) grandstand of Rogers burned in April 1970, and was razed in 1971; in its footprint Martin Stadium was constructed and opened in September 1972.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable games
The Vandals' season opener was a stunning 14–42 upset loss at Boise State in the first meeting between the two teams, creating an instant rivalry game. This was actually an Idaho "home game" moved south to Boise, because the new stadium in Moscow was behind schedule and not completed. Boise State had been a junior college program through 1967, moved up to NAIA in 1968 as an independent, and joined the NCAA "college division" (Division II) and Big Sky in 1970. Idaho had played a home game every season in Boise in the old wooden Bronco Stadium through 1968; this ended when Boise State joined the Big Sky.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable games
The Colorado State game on September 25 was played at Joe Albi Stadium in Spokane, The Vandals shut out the CSU Rams 10–0 to begin their eight-game winning streak; the Rams' star running back was Lawrence McCutcheon, who was selected for multiple Pro Bowls while with the Los Angeles Rams.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable games
The new Idaho Stadium opened with a 40–3 Vandal victory over Idaho State on October 9. The unlit outdoor concrete stadium in Moscow replaced Neale Stadium in the same footprint and continued with a natural grass surface. It was the first game played on campus in nearly three years, the last was a win on November 2, 1968. Artificial turf, 3M Tartan Turf, was installed in 1972, and the facility was enclosed in 1975 to become the multi-purpose Kibbie Dome.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable games
After four consecutive road victories, the Vandals finished the 1971 season at home with a 40–2 victory over Montana State to wrap up the Big Sky title, and a disappointing 13–42 non-conference loss to Utah State in the finale. Boise State finished at 10–2 with a postseason win, but its two losses were in league play and finished second in the Big Sky at 4–2.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Division I
Although a charter member of a conference whose other members were "college division" (Division II) for football, Idaho maintained its status as a "university division" (Division I) program with the NCAA by playing only "university division" opponents in its non-conference schedule. That is why runner-up Boise State went to the Camellia Bowl in 1971, and when the Division II playoffs arrived in 1973, the Vandals were again ineligible, as they were in Division I. (Idaho was a member of the conference primarily for basketball, in Division I.)


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Division I
The Big Sky moved up to the new Division I-AA in 1978, and Idaho was forced to move down. In 18 seasons in I-AA, the Vandals reached the post-season playoffs 11 times, missing only once in the final 11 seasons of 1985–95.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, Division I
Idaho returned to Division I-A in 1996 with a move to the Big West, and then to the WAC in 2005. (The Big West dropped football after 2000; Idaho was a "football only" member of the Sun Belt for four seasons, 2000–04.) The WAC dropped football after the 2012 season and Idaho athletics rejoined the Big Sky in 2013 for all sports except football, which was independent in 2013, rejoined the Sun Belt in 2014, and the Big Sky (FCS) in 2018.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference
Six Vandals were named to the all-Big Sky team, two on offense and four on defense: halfback Fred Riley, guard Andy Kupp, defensive end Rick Simmons, noseguard Steve Barker, and linebackers Ron Linehan and Rand Marquess. The second team also had six Idaho players, with four on offense and two on defense: fullback Frank Doctor, wide receiver Jack Goddard, tackle Larry Bosma, center Ken Muhlbeier, defensive tackle Bill Cady, and defensive back Kelly Courage.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference
Linehan's selection was his third consecutive, and he was also named the team's most valuable player. Three weeks after the season ended, he received a gunshot wound to his left side; he spent less than two days at Gritman hospital and was released. His younger brothers were also starters for the Vandals: Rick was the strong safety in the late 1970s and Scott was the quarterback in the mid-1980s.


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft
Three Vandal seniors were selected in the 1972 NFL Draft, which lasted seventeen rounds (442 selections).


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft
One junior was selected in the following year's draft in 1973, also seventeen rounds (442 selections).


1971 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft
Two sophomores were selected in the 1974 NFL Draft, which lasted seventeen rounds (442 selections).


1971 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1971 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1971 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Bob Blackman, the Illini compiled a 5–6 record and finished in a three-way tie for third place in the Big Ten Conference.


1971 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Mike Wells with 1,007 passing yards, running back John Wilson with 543 rushing yards, and wide receiver Garvin Roberson with 372 receiving yards. Punter/halfback Terry Masar was selected as the team's most valuable player.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking
On 30 January 1971, an Indian Airlines domestic passenger airliner named Ganga, flying from Srinagar Airport to the Jammu-Satwari Airport, was hijacked by two Kashmiri separatists belonging to the National Liberation Front (NLF, the antecedent of Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front). The hijackers were Hashim Qureshi and his cousin Ashraf Qureshi. The aircraft was flown to Lahore Airport in Pakistan where the passengers and the crew were released and the aircraft was burnt down.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking
Ganga was one of the oldest aircraft in the Indian Airlines fleet and was already withdrawn from service but was re-inducted days before the hijacking.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking
India retaliated to the hijacking and subsequent burning by banning overflights of Pakistani aircraft over Indian territory. The ban, occurring in the run-up to the December 1971 war between the countries, had a significant impact on troop movement into the erstwhile East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. Pakistan reacted by charging the hijackers and other NLF militants with conspiracy. The crackdown severely weakened the militant organisation. Subsequently, the leader of the movement, Amanullah Khan, moved to Britain, where he established a new organisation called the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking, Planning
Hashim Qureshi, a Srinagar resident who went to Peshawar on family business in 1969, met Maqbool Bhat of the National Liberation Front (NLF), a self-declared 'armed wing' of the Azad Kashmir Plebiscite Front. Qureshi was persuaded to join the NLF and given an ideological education and lessons in guerrilla tactics in Rawalpindi. In order to draw the world's attention to the Kashmiri independence movement, the NLF planned an airline hijacking fashioned after the Dawson's Field hijackings by the Palestinian militants. Hashim Qureshi, along with his cousin Ashraf Qureshi, was ordered to execute one.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking, Planning
A former Pakistani air force pilot Jamshed Manto trained him for the task. However, Qureshi was arrested by the Indian Border Security Force when he tried to reenter the Indian-administered Kashmir with arms and equipment. He negotiated his way out by claiming to help find other conspirators that were allegedly in the Indian territory, and sought an appointment in the Border Security Force to provide such help. Maqbool Bhat sent replacement equipment for the hijacking, but it fell into the hands of a double agent, who then turned it over to the Indian authorities. Undeterred, the Qureshis made look-alike explosives out of wood and hijacked an Indian Airlines aircraft called Ganga on 30 January 1971.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking, Burning
The hijackers landed the aircraft at Lahore and demanded the release of 36 NLF prisoners lodged in Indian jails. However, they succumbed to pressure from the airport authorities and ended up releasing all the passengers and the crew. Years later, Ashraf Qureshi admitted that they were naive and didn't realise that "the passengers were more important than the actual aircraft." Pakistani Minister Zulfikar Bhutto showed up at the airport and paid a handsome tribute to the hijackers. Indian Government then refused to carry out the demands. The aircraft lay on the tarmac for eighty hours, during which the Pakistani security personnel thoroughly searched the aircraft and removed papers and postal bags they found in it. Eventually, upon the advice of the authorities, Hashim Qureshi burnt the aircraft.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking, Crackdown
For some time, the Qureshis were lauded as heroes. After India reacted by banning overflight of Pakistani aircraft over India, the Pakistani authorities claimed that the hijack was staged by India, and arrested the hijackers and all their collaborators. A one-man investigation committee headed by Justice Noorul Arifeen declared the hijacking to be an Indian conspiracy, citing Qureshi's appointment in the Border Security Force. In addition to the hijackers, Maqbool Bhat and 150 other NLF fighters were arrested. Seven people were eventually brought to trial (the rest being held without charges).


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking, Crackdown
The High Court acquitted all of them of treason charges. Hashim Qureshi alone was convicted of terrorism and sentenced to seven years in prison. Ironically, Ashraf Qureshi was released even though he was an equal participant in the hijacking. This is said to have been due to a deal made by Zulikar Bhutto, by now the President of Pakistan, who declared that he would convict one hijacker but release the other.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking, Crackdown
Amanullah Khan, the leader of the Plebiscite Front, was also imprisoned for 15 months in a Gilgit prison during 1970–72, accused of being an Indian agent. He was released after protests broke out in Gilgit. Thirteen of his colleagues were sentenced to 14 years in prison, but released after a year. According to Hashim Qureshi, 400 activists of the Plebiscite Front and NLF were arrested in Pakistan after the Ganga hijacking. Abdul Khaliq Ansari, who was arrested and tortured, testified in the High Court that the Ganga hijacking had emboldened the people to question the corrupt practices of the Azad Kashmir leaders and, in reaction, the government arrested them and forced them to confess to being Indian agents.


1971 Indian Airlines hijacking, Crackdown
To escape the close surveillance and pressure from the Pakistan government, Amanullah Khan and Abdul Khaliq Ansari moved to the UK, where they found active support from the Mirpuri diaspora. Khan converted the UK branch of the Plebiscite Front into a new organisation Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front, which eventually spearheaded the Kashmir insurgency in the 1980s.


1971 Indian Ocean Vickers Viscount crash
On 10 November 1971, a Merpati Nusantara Airlines Vickers Viscount, registration PK-MVS, crashed in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, after telling air traffic controllers they could not make their destination due to bad weather. All 69 people aboard the aircraft were killed in the crash. It remains the third worst Vickers Viscount accident.


1971 Indian Ocean Vickers Viscount crash, Accident
The aircraft was flying between Kemayoran Airport in Jakarta, Indonesia, and Tabing Airport, the former airport of Padang, Indonesia. Five minutes before it was scheduled to arrive at Padang, air traffic controllers lost radio contact with the flight. Controllers at Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport, Palembang, Sumatra, reported the aircraft issued a distress signal. The flight crew reportedly said they could not land at Padang because of poor weather and bad visibility. The aircraft subsequently crashed into the Indian Ocean, killing all 62 passengers and seven crew aboard the aircraft.


1971 Indian Ocean Vickers Viscount crash, Passengers and crew
All the passengers aboard the aircraft were Indonesian nationals, except for a German doctor and his wife, and a British helicopter pilot who was employed in Indonesia. Eight children were also aboard the flight.


1971 Indian Ocean Vickers Viscount crash, Aftermath
Three days after the accident pieces of the wreckage were found floating 75 miles off Sumatra, Indonesia. Fisherman found seats of the aircraft between the Beringin and Katang-Katang islands. An Indonesian Navy boat also recovered clothes and uninflated life rafts.


1971 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
Rajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1971, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.


1971 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected
The following members are elected in the elections held in 1971. They are members for the term 1971-1977 and retire in year 1977, except in case of the resignation or death before the term. The list is incomplete.


1971 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections
The following bye elections were held in the year 1971.


1971 Indian general election
General elections were held in India between 1 and 10 March 1971 to elect members of the 5th Lok Sabha. They were the fifth general elections since independence in 1947. The 27 Indian states and union territories were represented by 518 constituencies, each with a single seat. Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, the Indian National Congress (R) led a campaign which focused on reducing poverty and won a landslide victory, overcoming a split in the party and regaining many of the seats lost in the previous election.


1971 Indian general election, Background, Congress party split
During her previous term, there had been internal divisions in the Indian National Congress between Indira Gandhi and the party establishment, especially Morarji Desai. In 1969, she was expelled from the party, causing a split. Most of the Congress MPs and grassroots support joined Gandhi's INC(R) faction, which was recognised by the Election Commission as being the successor to the previous party. 31 MPs who opposed Gandhi formed Indian National Congress (Organization) party.


1971 Indian general election, Background, Opposition alliance
INC(O) formed a pre-poll alliance with Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP), Praja Socialist Party (PSP), Swatantra Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) to defeat Gandhi's party.


1971 Indian general election, Results
Despite the split, the Ruling faction gained votes and seats to win a strong majority, while the Grand Alliance was badly trounced and lost more than half of their seats.


1971 Indian general election, Aftermath
On 12 June 1975, the Allahabad High Court invalidated the result in Gandhi's constituency on the grounds of electoral malpractices. Instead of resigning, Indira Gandhi called a state of emergency, suspending democracy and outlawed political opposition. After democracy was restored in 1977, the opposition Congress faction formed a coalition of parties called the Janata Party, which inflicted the Congress' first electoral defeat.


1971 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
The 1971 Indian general election polls in Andhra Pradesh were held for 42 seats in the state. The result was a victory for the Indian National Congress which won 28 out of 42 seats. This election also saw introduction of Telangana Praja Samithi which won 10 out of the 14 seats it contested, mostly in the Telangana region.


1971 Indian general election in Bihar
Vijoy 15 million people voted in the state of Bihar in the 1971 Indian general election, a turnout of 49%. The Indian National Congress won 39 seats from a total of 53.


1971 Indian general election in Gujarat
General elections were held in India to constitute the 5th Lok Sabha in March 1971. This was the fifth election since independence in 1947. The 27 Indian states and union territories were represented by 518 constituencies, each with a single seat. Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, the Indian National Congress (R) led a campaign which focused on reducing poverty and won a landslide victory, overcoming a split in the party and regaining many of the seats lost in the previous election.


1971 Indian general election in Gujarat
In Gujrat, INC wins 11 seats, new party NCO wins 11 seats but swatantra party wins only 2 seats lower than the last election.


1971 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir
The 1971 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir to the 5th Lok Sabha were held for 6 seats. Indian National Congress won 5 seats and an independent candidate from Srinagar constituency won 1 seat.


1971 Indian general election in Odisha
The 1971 Indian general election in Odisha were held for 20 seats with the state going to the polls in the first two phases of the general elections.


1971 Indian general election in Odisha
The major contenders in the state were the Indian National Congress and the Swatantra Party. The third front parties contesting in the state were the Utkal Congress, the Left parties. The assembly elections were held simultaneously with the general elections in the state.


1971 Indian general election in Odisha
Biju Patnaik was close to Indira Gandhi. However, they clashed in 1969 over the Presidential election. He left the Congress and formed a regional party called Utkal Congress.


1971 Indian general election in Odisha, Voting and results, List of elected MPs
Keys:  INC   Swatantra Party   Communist Party of India   Utkal Congress


1971 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu
The 1971 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. After winning in 1967, DMK supported the Congress party under Indira Gandhi, and the 25 DMK MPs, ensured her to stay in power as a minority government, from 1969–1971. This state was crucial for Indira Gandhi to hold, in order for her to stay in power.


1971 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu
The result was a victory for Indian National Congress (Indira) and its ally Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam winning 38 seats (with 5 seats going to the Left Front), while Opposition Congress and Swatantra Party could only win 1 seat. DMK won every seat it contested except the seat contested by K. Kamarajar in Nagercoil.


1971 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1971 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1971 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Seventeenth Street Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by John Pont, in his seventh year as head coach of the Hoosiers.


1971 Indiana Hoosiers football team, First one-point safety
The first known occurrence of a one-point safety (conversion safety) was in an NCAA game on October 2, 1971, scored by Syracuse in the first quarter of a game at Indiana. On a point-after-touchdown kick, the ball was kicked almost straight up in the air. An Indiana player illegally batted the ball in the end zone (a spot foul defensive penalty). Syracuse won the game, 7–0.


1971 Indiana Hoosiers football team, First one-point safety
The 1970 rulebook (Rule 8-5-3) stated, "If a scrimmage kick fails to cross the neutral zone, or crosses the neutral zone and is first touched by Team B, or is untouched and then rebounds into the end zone where it is recovered by Team A, it is a safety," and (8-5-4) "If the penalty for a foul committed when the ball is free leaves the ball behind a goal line, it is a safety if behind the offender's goal line."


1971 Indianapolis 500
The 55th 500 Mile International Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Saturday, May 29, 1971. Al Unser, Sr. won for the second consecutive year, dominating most of the race. The race was marred by a crash involving the pace car at the start. Eldon Palmer, a local Indianapolis-area Dodge dealer, lost control of the Dodge Challenger pace car at the south end of the pit area, and it crashed into a photographers' stand, injuring 29 people, two seriously.


1971 Indianapolis 500
Peter Revson started on the pole with a record speed of 178.696 miles per hour (287.6 km/h), more than a mile per hour faster than any other qualifier, with defending champ Al Unser in the middle of the second row. Mark Donohue, who qualified in the middle of the front row, took the lead at the start of the race and led the first 50 laps. A mechanical issue ended his day after just 66 laps, and Unser assumed the lead. He and Joe Leonard swapped the lead several times during the middle portion of the race, but Unser led for the final 83 laps, giving him a win for the second year in a row. He was the first to successfully defend his title since Bill Vukovich in 1954.


1971 Indianapolis 500
Unser became the first and only driver to date to win the race on his birthday (32nd); it was the second of his four Indy victories, and he also became the first winner to celebrate in the new victory lane. The new winner's area, now featuring black and white checkered ramps, was moved from the south end of the pits to the "horseshoe" area immediately below the Master Control Tower, near the start/finish line.


1971 Indianapolis 500
The 1971 Indy 500 was part of the newly re-organized USAC Marlboro Championship Trail, in which dirt tracks were separated from the paved ovals and road courses. From then on, the Gold Crown championship schedule would consist solely of paved tracks (both ovals and road courses), giving the national championship a decidedly new look for the 1970s and beyond. In addition, with 500-mile races at Ontario and Pocono now on the schedule, Indy car racing formed its first "triple crown."


1971 Indianapolis 500
The city of Indianapolis celebrated its Sesquicentennial in 1971, and the occasion was reflected on the bronze and silver pit badges for the month of May. During the week leading up to the race, Indianapolis was also the site of 1971 NATO International Conference of Cities.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
In the days leading up to the race, Speedway officials announced that female reporters would be allowed in the pit area and garage area for the first time.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
This and the next running in 1972 were held on a Saturday instead of its traditional May 30 date as Memorial Day was permanently moved to the last Monday in May starting with 1971. In 1973, it went to the Memorial Day Monday holiday itself before permanently being moved to the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend in 1974.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials
For the first time, USAC firmed up the rules regarding pole day qualifying. As had been done in previous years, a blind draw would be held to determine the order of qualifying on pole day. However, starting in 1971, all drivers/cars in the original qualifying draw order would be allowed the opportunity to make at least one attempt in the pole round regardless if rain halted the session and pushed it off to another day. Previously, if rain interrupted the qualifying line on pole day, any cars left in the original qualifying order at the time the track closed (due to rain or at the 6 o'clock gun) were simply out of luck, and had to qualify on the next round.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials
During practice, McLaren arrived at the track with the new M16 chassis, drawing attention and some controversy due to presence of a large rear wing affixed to the engine cover. USAC rules through 1971 required that any aerodynamic devices were to be an integral part of the bodywork. After inspection, officials ultimately approved the device, as McLaren argued it was part of the engine cover. The engine cover was not much more than a flat, plate-like shape that ran along the top of the engine, with the wing affixed to the rear. As practice began, the McLaren entries quickly established themselves as favorites for the pole position.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Pole Day - Saturday May 15
McLaren M16 cars dominated qualifying during a record-shattering afternoon. The chassis took 1st, 2nd, and 4th starting positions, with Peter Revson the surprise pole position winner. Revson's four-lap track record of 178.696 mph put the pole position far out of reach for the rest of the field. Penske Racing driver Mark Donohue (177.087 mph) qualified for the middle of the front row, while Bobby Unser in an Eagle chassis, squeezed between the McLaren cars by qualifying third.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Second Day - Sunday May 16
Three drivers completed runs, with Bud Tingelstad (170.156 mph) the fastest of the afternoon. Mike Mosley returned after two crashes the previous day, and qualified solidly over 169 mph.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Third Day - Saturday May 22
A busy day saw the field filled to 33 cars car. The day concluded with Steve Krisiloff bumping out rookie Sam Posey.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day - Sunday May 23
Strong winds kept speeds down, and only three drivers successfully bumped their way into the field. The windy conditions led to six crashes, and hopefuls waited until the final 45 minutes before they took to the track. The session started out with Mel Kenyon bumping out Carl Williams. Bob Harkey bumped Dick Simon, and Art Pollard got back into the field by bumping Jim McElreath.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day - Sunday May 23
Jim Hurtubise once again tried to qualify his front-engined roadster, but on his second lap, hit the outside wall at the head of the main stretch. His first two laps would not have been fast enough to bump his way in. The day ended as Dick Simon (waved off) and Jerry Grant (waved off) made unsuccessful attempts.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Bump Day - Sunday May 23
After qualifying, car owner Dick Simon announced he was going to take over the machine qualified by John Mahler. By rule, the car must move to the rear of the grid (33rd) on race day.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Pace car crash
For 1971, none of the Big Three auto manufacturers chose to supply a pace car for the Indianapolis 500, as the muscle car market had dried up and marketing efforts were shifted elsewhere. Four local Indianapolis-area Dodge dealers, spearheaded by Eldon Palmer, stepped up to supply the fleet of pace cars. The vehicle chosen was the Dodge Challenger 383-4V. Palmer was chosen to drive the pace car at the start of the race.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Pace car crash
In preparation for the race, Palmer supposedly set up an orange flag (sometimes reported as an orange traffic cone) in the pit lane to provide himself with a braking reference point. However, there has been some dispute regarding the existence of the marker at all. During the parade and pace lap, Tony Hulman, ABC broadcaster Chris Schenkel, and John Glenn served as passengers in the car. Palmer practiced the run the day before the race.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Pace car crash
As the field came down the main stretch for the start, Palmer pulled into the pits and accelerated down the pit lane. Palmer continued to accelerate, under the impression he was required to cross the start/finish line in the pit area prior to the race cars doing so out on the track. His reference flag (or cone) had been removed and he missed his planned braking spot.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Pace car crash
Moving upwards of perhaps 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), Palmer realized he was going too fast, and rather than perilously veering back on to the racing surface, he braked heavily and lost control. Palmer had refused to blame the car, stating afterwards that "the equipment was good, disc brakes. I just didn't have enough track to stop." The car swerved and skidded to the end of the pit lane, and crashed into a photographers' stand. The stand toppled and collapsed, injuring 29 people, but no one was killed. Dr. Vicente Alvarez, a freelance photographer from Argentina, was one of two on the stand who were seriously injured. Alvarez survived, and died in the late 1990s. Tony Hulman suffered a sprained ankle, and a shaken Schenkel sat out the remainder of the ABC broadcast.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Pace car crash
Palmer maintained possession of the car, and eventually it was repaired and restored. Indiana businessman Steven Cage purchased the vehicle in 2006, and it currently is displayed at his RPM Collection in Fishers, Indiana. Reactions of the accident were very critical afterwards, and for the next several years, the pace car drivers selected were either former Indy drivers or people with racing experience. Palmer passed away on June 30, 2016 at age 87 from an unspecified illness.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, First half
Despite the pace car crash near the exit of the pits, the green light came on, and the race continued underway. Mark Donohue grabbed the lead from the middle of the front row.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, First half
On lap 12, Steve Krisiloff blew an engine, spilling oil in turn three. Mel Kenyon slid in the oil making contact with the turn three wall. Gordon Johncock and Mario Andretti continued to race each other through three yellow lights. When they arrived at turn three, track workers were on the scene beside the Kenyon machine. Having not heeded the yellow lights, both Johncock and Andretti slid in the oil with Johncock crashing into the Kenyon car, running over the top of it and destroying both cars.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, First half
Kenyon, fortunately, had seen Johncock coming and dropped back down into the cockpit of his race car. Johncocks car left a tire mark on the top of Kenyon's helmet. The only injury received by Kenyon was a small cut on his shin from the dash board being pushed down onto his legs. All four cars were out of the race, and the yellow light was on for 19 minutes to clean up the accident.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, First half
Donohue led the first 50 laps, then the lead traded hands during pit stops between Joe Leonard, Bobby Unser, as well as Al Unser. After leading a total of 52 laps, Mark Donohue dropped out on lap 66 with broken gears. He came to a stop in turn four, and parked the car in the infield, just north of the entrance to the pits.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Second half
On lap 111, David Hobbs blew an engine on the main stretch. Rick Muther spun in the oil, his car veered to the inside wall, then bounced across the track, hitting Hobbs, and lifting up on two wheels. Hobbs' car was pushed head-on into the wall, but he was not seriously injured. Both cars slid down the main stretch, and came to a rest just beyond the start/finish line. The track was blocked except for a narrow portion on the inside where other cars were able to skirt by. The incident happened right in front of Al Unser, who was the leading the race at the moment. The yellow light came on for 12 minutes to clean up the crash.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Second half
After a series of pit stops by the leaders under the yellow, the green eventually came back out with Al Unser leading.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Second half
With less than 40 laps to go, Al Unser continued to lead, with Peter Revson second, Bobby Unser third, and A. J. Foyt fourth.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Second half
On lap 167, Mike Mosley lost a wheel in turn 4. He smacked the outside wall in turn four hard, then bounced across the track and hit the inside wall. Leader Al Unser was ahead of the crash, and second place Peter Revson just slipped by. Third place Bobby Unser spun to avoid Mosley, and hit the outside wall. Mosley's car then crashed into the parked cars of Mark Donohue and Steve Krisiloff, that were sitting near the entrance to the pits.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Second half
A fire broke out, at which time 8th running Gary Bettenhausen stopped his car, and ran to the scene to help. Fire crews quickly doused the flames, and Mosley suffered a broken leg. Bill Vukovich II also spun to the avoid the crash, but he was able to continue. The yellow remained on for 22 minutes to clean up the crash.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Second half
The green light came back on with less than 20 laps to go. Al Unser held a comfortable lead, and won his second 500 in a row. Despite four yellows for 53 minutes (about 48 laps), the average speed of 157.735 mph was a new record at the time. Bettenhausen, who finished 10th, was given a cheer at the finish for stopping to help Donohue and Unser on lap 164.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. It was carried on over 1,200 affiliates, including shortwave transmission to Europe, Asia, and Vietnam. The broadcast reached an estimated 100 million listeners worldwide. Sid Collins served as chief announcer and Len Sutton served as "driver expert." At the conclusion of the race, Lou Palmer reported from victory lane.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The entire on-air crew remained mostly consistent from 1966 to 1970. Bob Forbes was assigned as "wireless" microphone, covering the garages and roving reports. The pre-race coverage was 30 minutes long. In a departure from previous years, Sid Collins decided to eliminate booth interviews with celebrities during the race. The only exception was an interview with Hugh Downs, but that was during the post-race coverage. In addition, Luke Walton interviewed Evel Knievel in the pit area during the early stages of the race. Knievel was making his first visit to the 500, as a guest of the A. J. Foyt team.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Sid CollinsDriver expert: Len SuttonStatistician: John DeCampHistorian: Donald Davidson


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Mike AhernTurn 2: Howdy BellBackstretch: Doug ZinkTurn 3: Ron CarrellTurn 4: Jim Shelton


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
For the first time, the race was carried in the United States the same day the race was held, on ABC Sports on a same-day tape delay basis. The race was held in the afternoon, and the broadcast aired in prime time later in the day.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast totaled two hours, and came on-air at 8:30 p.m. (eastern). Among the notable appearances, was David Letterman, at the time employed by then-ABC Indianapolis affiliate WLWI, who served as a roving turn reporter. Letterman interviewed Mario Andretti after he dropped out of the race.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
Chris Schenkel began what would be a decade-long tenure as host, while Jim McKay anchor the broadcast as play-by-play announcer. But Schenkel's day as host was short. Riding in (and broadcasting from) the pace car at the start of the race, he was slightly injured when the pace car crashed after coming into the pits at the start of the race.


1971 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The broadcast has re-aired numerous times on ESPN Classic since February 2002.


1971 Indianapolis mayoral election
The Indianapolis mayoral election of 1971 took place on November 2, 1971. This was the first election after the creation of the Unigov. Incumbent Republican Richard Lugar was reelected to a second term. Lugar's challenger had been Democrat John Neff, a former state senator. Neff had campaigned in opposition to the Unigov, promising to seek its abolishment if elected.


1971 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1971 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the sixth edition of the World Championship.


1971 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The winner was Gabdrakhman Kadyrov of the Soviet Union for the fourth time.


1971 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1971 Individual Long Track World Championship was the first edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 1 September 1971 in Oslo, Norway.


1971 Individual Long Track World Championship
The world title was won by Ivan Mauger of New Zealand.


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1971 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 26th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship
Ole Olsen became the first Danish winner of the Championship. His 15 point maximum denied Ivan Mauger from winning a fourth consecutive title. Mauger won the silver medal run-off against Bengt Jansson.


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, Format changes
The format of the Championship changed again for the 1971 event. This time the Swedish riders were allowed six places in the World Final to be held in Sweden. All other nations had to go through the European Final route to provide the remaining 10 riders for the World Final.


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, British/Commonwealth Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, Nordic Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British/Commonwealth/Nordic Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, Continental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, Fourth Round, Swedish Finals
Three races held on 1 June at Eskilstuna, 2 June at Norrköping and 3 June in Stockholm


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, Fourth Round, European Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1971 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
Note : Vladimir Gordeev was disqualified after illegal additives were found in his fuel.


1971 Indonesian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 3 July 1971, the first under the New Order regime. There were ten participants; nine political parties and the "functional group" Golkar, which came first with more than 60 percent of the vote, resulting in an absolute majority in the People's Representative Council.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Background
In March 1966, President Sukarno signed a document giving Army commander Suharto authority to restore order. Suharto used this document to ban the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), which was officially blamed for the coup attempt the previous September. In June, the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) passed a resolution calling for elections to be held by 5 June 1968. Two years later, the People's Consultative Assembly elected Suharto president. The army-backed New Order regime subsequently announced that the Golkar organisation would be its political vehicle. The regime stressed that Golkar ("Functional Groups") was not a political party. In order to give General Ali Murtopo, a member of Suharto's personal staff, time to turn Golkar into an organisation fit to command a majority in the legislature, the general election originally planned for no later than 5 July 1968 was postponed to no later than 5 July 1971.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Background
After a time with no word from the government concerning the forthcoming election, on 22 October 1968, the Sinar Harapan daily reported a statement by President Suharto to the effect that the government had begun to take the necessary steps to organise the poll. A General Election Board was established in mid-1969 headed by Minister of Home Affairs Amir Machmud. On 23 September 1970, the ballot paper numbers and electoral symbols for the 10 election participants were announced.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Background
A total of 6,000 tons of paper, 6 ships, 45,000 motor vehicles and 793,036 ballot boxes (lockable to ensure secrecy of the ballot) were needed for the election.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Regulations and restrictions
On 25 April, Home Affairs Minister Amir Machmud spoke on television and asked all election participants to campaign for national, not party issues. The official campaign ran from 27 April to 25 June. Election participants were forbidden to question the state Pancasila ideology or the 1945 Constitution. Also banned were disrespectful comments about the government, state officials or foreign countries. Permission for election rallies had to be obtained in advance, and all election materials had to be submitted to the authorities for approval.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Regulations and restrictions
There was also a specific ban on "partisan use" of the name of former president Sukarno, which affected the PNI campaign in particular. The seven-day period after the end of the campaign was a "calming down" period, with no campaigning and all election posters within 300 meters of polling stations being removed.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Themes and goals
Most of the main theme for campaign by the political parties were democracy and development. The Catholic Party promoted their "Three Programs", which included democracy, reform, and development. Their campaign head was I. J. Kasimo, who stated that the main goal for the Catholic Party was to protect human rights in Indonesia. Similar to their Catholic counterpart, the Indonesian Christian Party also promoted human rights, also campaigning for regional autonomy, and the equal partnership of the army, Golkar, and political parties.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Themes and goals
Nationalist and socialist political parties, such as the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and Murba Party also emphasized the need to implement the state Pancasila ideology and the Constitution of Indonesia. In a speech on national television, PNI leader Usep Ranawidjaja stated that Pancasila and constitution were the basic things that the government need to run the country and carry out the people's will. He also stated that democracy in the political system of Indonesia had to be implemented with all of its consequences.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Themes and goals
Islamic political parties, such as Parmusi, Nahdlatul Ulama, and the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII), also adopted a main campaign theme similar to other political parties. Parmusi, the newest party in the elections, stated on 17 March 1971, that the party would not establish an Islamic state or another new country, but would continue to defend Pancasila and the constitution. The party also stated that it supported the five-year plan of the government.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Themes and goals
Nahdlatul Ulama stated on national television on 29 April 1971 that one of its main goals for the election was to enforce and uphold Sharia and the belief in God according to Pancasila. The party also supported the idea of villages as the basis for development, and industrialization as a way to end unemployment. The PSII campaigned for the election to be a way to exemplify the democratic system in Indonesia. Even though it was an Islamic party, the PSII focused its campaign on constitutional rather than religious matters.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Themes and goals
Unlike the other Islamic parties, Perti did not have any grandiose promises or ideals. Instead, it focused its campaign on rural matters, such as irrigation, roads, and agricultural matters. They insisted that problems in those sectors should be fixed immediately by the government. Perti itself viewed the elections as a way to educate the citizens to understand their rights and duties.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Themes and goals
Meanwhile, Golkar, which was an organization rather than a political party in the election, used its five-point political statement as the main basis for its campaign. The political statement stated that Golkar would implement a system of democracy based on Pancasila, form a new and clean government, hold further elections, and secure the national revolution. Golkar further stated that "the new history of Indonesia was made possible by the cooperation of the army, people, and Golkar", and promised that Golkar would not be divided based on ideology, but rather would be a big tent. The big tent principle of Golkar would later help it to be supported by large groups, mainly by the army and government employees.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Campaign methods
Most of the campaign used traditional methods, such as mass gatherings and the display of banners. Mass gatherings mostly took place in stadiums, school fields, and in sports halls. Places of worship were also used by Islamic and Christian political parties to gather crowds. For example, the Catholic Party gathered at the Jakarta Cathedral, and the Islamic parties frequently used mosques as a way to rally their masses.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign, Campaign methods
A more modern tactic for campaign was also used by political parties, involving motor vehicles donated by the government. For example, the Nahdlatul Ulama held a rally at Ujungpandang, involving around a thousand cars and motorcycles, and carrying around the symbol of Nahdlatul Ulama. The PSII was given several Toyota cars, along with several thousand rupiahs in cash for their maintenance. Cars were used by the PSII for campaign purposes, and the party also built mosques. Golkar and the parties also made use of television and radio for campaign speeches, but they were only allowed to read pre-approved prepared texts.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Manipulation to ensure Golkar victory
Suharto's personal assistant and head of the Opsus Army intelligence organization, along with Home Affairs Minister Amir Machmud and internal security organization Kopkamtib were tasked with making sure Golkar won the election. In order to weaken possible rivals to Golkar, the government manipulated the top two parties from the 1955 election, the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and Parmusi (the successor to Masjumi following that party's banning in 1960) such that they lost credibility in the eyes of voters.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Manipulation to ensure Golkar victory
Given that the party that had come fourth, the Indonesian Communist Party, had been banned in the aftermath of the 30 September Movement coup attempt in 1965, that left only the Nahdatul Ulama (NU) as a major rival. Kopkamtib head General Sumitro later said that without the intervention from ABRI, Golkar would have lost the election to the Muslim parties.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Manipulation to ensure Golkar victory
Away from the political parties, civil servants were effectively obliged to vote Golkar and regional administrators were required to fulfill "quotas" of Golkar votes. The system of allocating seats was changed from that of the 1955 election to reduce the number of parties winning seats in the legislature. All seats were to be allocated in the regional electoral districts, rather than being divided up based on national results. The government also disqualified large numbers of candidates from the political parties. Hardest hit was the PNI, with 171 disqualifications leaving it with 506 candidates. Parsumi lost 141, and the NU lost 24 candidates.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Results
The results were officially announced on 7 August. Golkar won 227 of the 251 directly elected seats in the DPR as well as all nine indirectly elected seats in Western New Guinea. Golkar was also awarded the remaining 100 seats according to the provisions of the 1969 Election Law, giving it 336, almost three quarters of the total.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath
Immediately before the election, a Golkar spokesman stated that he expected Golkar to win no more than 35 percent of the vote. Predictions from the other parties were for up to 100 seats from the PNI, up to 79 seats from Parmusi, 35 from Parkindo and 20 from Murba. Only the NU was anywhere close with its prediction of 65 seats, and it was the only party to do better than it had in the 1955 election. The Golkar landslide meant that a proportional representation system had produced a government party with a majority in the legislature. More important was the fact that the Indonesian military, through Golkar, had become a participant in parliamentary politics. In 1973, the MPR comprising the membership of the new DPR together with the appointed regional, functional and social representatives, re-elected Suharto to the presidency.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath
A year before the election, President Suharto had said that he wanted the political parties to join together in two groups, one religious and one nationalist. This led to the establishment on March 1970 of the United Development Group, comprising Nahdlatul Ulama, Parmusi, the PSII and Perti, and the Democratic Development Group, comprising the PNI, PIKI, Murba and the two Christian parties, which had refused to be grouped with the Muslim parties.


1971 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath
After the election, Suharto announced that the DPR would comprise four factions, the Armed Forces (ABRI), Golkar, the Spiritual-Material Group (the Muslim parties) and the Material-Spiritual group (the PNI, Parkindo and the Catholic Party). In March 1973, year, the four Muslim parties, were forced to merge into the United Development Party, while parties of the Material-Spiritual group as well as IPKI and Murba (who had no DPR seats), were merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party. These parties were afflicted by internal divisions and were never a credible political threat. Forbidden to organize down to the village level and later obliged to accept Panacasila as their sole ideology, they were the only parties allowed to contest elections until the end of the Suharto regime.


1971 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final
The 1971 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final was the final of the thirteenth and last Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. It was played on 28 May and 3 June 1971 between Juventus of Italy and Leeds United of England. Leeds won the tie 3–3 on away goals.