1973 French legislative election
After Gaston Defferre's catastrophic result in the 1969 presidential election, the SFIO was replaced by the Socialist Party (PS), formed by the SFIO's merger with an array of political clubs on the democratic left. Two years later, François Mitterrand's Convention of Republican Institutions joined the PS. He took the party's lead during the Epinay Congress, and proposed to form an alliance with the French Communist Party (PCF). In order to prepare the legislative elections, Communists and Socialists signed the Programme commun.


1973 French legislative election
The Radical Party split over the question of the Programme commun. The left-wing minority joined the "Union of Left" and founded the Movement of the Radical-Socialist Left (MGRS). The majority created the Reforming Movement with a part of the center-right. This new group claimed its independence towards the "Union of Left" and the Presidential Majority.


1973 French legislative election
The Programme commun was the main issue of the campaign. Its defenders pleaded the necessity to nationalize banks and companies which were in a situation of monopoly. The members of the Presidential Majority denounced a collectivist project and warned against the participation of Communists in the government if the Left won. The Reforming Movement tried to express a third way rejecting the Marxism of the Left and the Euroscepticism of the Gaullists. But, it was obliged to link with the Right to obtain parliamentary seats.


1973 French legislative election
Whilst the left won an increased number of votes and MPs, the Presidential Majority won the election. The Gaullist UDR lost one third of its parliamentary seats due to the growth of the Left and electoral agreements with its allies, the Independent Republicans and Centre, Democracy and Progress. Messmer was confirmed as Prime Minister.


1973 French legislative election in Afars and Issas
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 4 March 1973 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Omar Farah Iltireh was elected as the territory's MP.


1973 French legislative election in the Comoros
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in the Comoros on 4 March 1973 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. The result was a victory for the List for the French Republic, which won both seats. The seats were taken by Mohamed Dahalani and Mohamed Ahmed.


1973 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1973 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented California State University, Fresno during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season as a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association. The team was led by head coach J. R. Boone, in his first year, and they played their home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins and nine losses (2–9, 1–3 PCAA).


1973 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL
No Fresno State Bulldogs were selected in the 1974 NFL Draft.


1973 Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional election
The Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional election of 1973 took place on 17 June 1973.


1973 Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, largely ahead of the Italian Communist Party which came second. After the election Christian Democrat Antonio Comelli formed a government with the Italian Socialist Party (which left in 1975), the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Italian Republican Party.


1973 Gabonese general election
General elections were held in Gabon on 25 February 1973 to elect a President and the National Assembly. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Gabonese Democratic Party as the sole legal party. GDP leader and incumbent president Omar Bongo was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was elected unopposed. In the National Assembly election the GDP put forward a list of 70 candidates for the 70 seats in the expanded Assembly. Voter turnout was 97.8%.


1973 Gator Bowl
The 1973 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 29, 1973, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The game pitted the Texas Tech Red Raiders and the Tennessee Volunteers.


1973 Gator Bowl, Background
The Red Raiders started the season 2–1, losing to #14 Texas in Austin 28–12. They would promptly win the rest of their regular season games, finishing with 10 victories (though not a Southwest Conference title), the first time that happened since 1953, which also culminated in a Gator Bowl appearance. This was their third bowl game in three years along with their first Gator Bowl since 1965.


1973 Gator Bowl, Background
The Volunteers started the season with five straight victories before facing off against #2 Alabama, which they lost 42–21. A win over TCU was followed by losses to Georgia and Ole Miss that dropped them out of the rankings. Victories over Kentucky and Vanderbilt to end the season got them back into the polls as they limped to a fourth place finish in the Southeastern Conference, though they were invited to a bowl game for the seventh straight year.


1973 Gator Bowl, Game summary
Joe Barnes went 8-of-11 for 154 yards while throwing for two touchdowns and rushing the ball 73 yards on 16 carries for a touchdown as the Red Raiders outran the Volunteers 276 to 153, while turning the ball over only once. Tennessee threw for 190 yards over Tech's 154, but they turned the ball over twice. Haskel Stanback rushed for 95 yards on 19 carries for the Vols.


1973 Gator Bowl, Aftermath
The Red Raiders would make three more bowl games in the decade, though they did not win another bowl game until 1989. The Red Raiders did not return to the Gator Bowl again until 2008. The Volunteers made two more bowl games in the decade, splitting the two games. The Volunteers did not return to the Gator Bowl again until 1994.


1973 Gazankulu legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Gazankulu on 17 October 1973.


1973 Gazankulu legislative election, Electoral system
The election was made on the basis of 26 seats. In addition, there were 42 ex-officio seats.


1973 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1973 Gent–Wevelgem was the 35th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 3 April 1973. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Eddy Merckx of the Molteni team.


1973 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1973 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season.


1973 Georgia Bulldogs football team, Game summaries, Tennessee
Andy Johnson scored the game-winning touchdown in the final minute after Tennessee went for it on a fourth-and-two at their own 28 with 2:32 remaining.


1973 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1973 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by head coach Bill Fulcher, in his second and final year with the team, and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta. Fulcher resigned as head coach at the end of the season, claiming that he simply didn't enjoy the job.


1973 German Formula Three Championship
The 1973 German Formula Three Championship (German: 1973 ADAC Preis der Formel 3) was a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seat open wheel formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in two-litre Formula Three racing cars which conformed to the technical regulations, or formula, for the championship. It commenced on 1 April at Nürburgring and ended at Mainz-Finthen on 9 September after five rounds.


1973 German Formula Three Championship
Willi Deutsch became a champion. He won three races. Dieter Kern finished as runner-up. Thomas Betzler completed the top-three in the drivers' standings.


1973 German Formula Three Championship, Calendar
All rounds were held in West Germany, excepting Zolder round which held in Belgium.


1973 German Grand Prix
The 1973 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring on 5 August 1973. It was race 11 of 15 in both the 1973 World Championship of Drivers and the 1973 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1973 German Grand Prix
The 14-lap race was won from pole position by Jackie Stewart, driving a Tyrrell-Ford. It was Stewart's 27th and final Grand Prix victory, a record that would stand until 1987. Teammate François Cevert finished second, with Jacky Ickx third in a McLaren-Ford.


1973 German Grand Prix
The works March team did not participate in this race following the accident at the Dutch Grand Prix the previous weekend that had claimed the life of Roger Williamson. The Ferrari, Ensign, Tecno and Hesketh teams also did not participate. To boost the field, the McLaren, Brabham and Surtees teams all entered three cars: Ferrari released Ickx to drive the third McLaren; Rolf Stommelen drove the third Brabham in place of the injured Andrea de Adamich; and Jochen Mass drove the third Surtees.


1973 German Grand Prix
Niki Lauda crashed at Kesselchen on Lap 2 and injured his wrist; he had to miss the subsequent race, the Austrian Grand Prix.


1973 German Grand Prix
The race was rebroadcast in 2003 in the USA on Speed Channel as a special broadcast of their Formula 1 retrospective, Formula One Decade. Commentary was by Jackie Stewart and David Hobbs.


1973 German Open (tennis)
The 1973 German Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 66th edition of the event and was part of the 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix circuit. It took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, West Germany, from 11 June until 17 June 1973. Eddie Dibbs and Helga Masthoff won the singles titles.


1973 German Open (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Jürgen Fassbender /  Hans-Jürgen Pohmann defeated  Manuel Orantes /  Ion Țiriac 7–6, 7–6, 7–6


1973 German Open (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Helga Masthoff /  Heide Orth defeated  Kristien Kemmer /  Laura Rossouw 6–1, 6–2


1973 Gillette Cup
The 1973 Gillette Cup was the eleventh Gillette Cup, an English limited overs county cricket tournament. It was held between 30 June and 1 September 1973. The tournament was won by Gloucestershire County Cricket Club who defeated Sussex County Cricket Club by 40 runs in the final at Lord's.


1973 Gillette Cup, Format
The seventeen first-class counties, were joined by five Minor Counties: Bedfordshire, Dorset, Durham, Staffordshire and Wiltshire. Teams who won in the first round progressed to the second round. The winners in the second round then progressed to the quarter-final stage. Winners from the quarter-finals then progressed to the semi-finals from which the winners then went on to the final at Lord's which was held on 1 September 1973. The tournament was notable for Durham (then a minor county) defeating Yorkshire. In doing so, Durham became the first ever minor county to beat a first class county in this competition.


1973 Giro d'Italia
The 1973 Giro d'Italia was the 56th running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours races. The Giro started in Verviers, Belgium, on 18 May, with a 5.2 km (3.2 mi) prologue and concluded with a 197 km (122 mi) mass-start stage, on 9 June. A total of 140 riders from fourteen teams entered the 20-stage race, that was won by Belgian Eddy Merckx of the Molteni team. The second and third places were taken by Italians Felice Gimondi and Giovanni Battaglin, respectively.


1973 Giro d'Italia
In addition to the general classification, Merckx won the points classification. Amongst the other classifications that the race awarded, José Manuel Fuente of KAS won the mountains classification. Molteni finished as the winners of the team points classification.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Teams
A total of fourteen teams were invited to participate in the 1973 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of ten riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 140 cyclists. From the riders that began this edition, 113 made it to the finish on the Trieste.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
Reigning and three-time champion Eddy Merckx (Molteni) announced he would race both the Vuelta a Espana and Giro. The break between these two races was only five days. Despite this, and coming off a victory at the Vuelta, Merckx entered the race favorite. Juan Del Bosque of El Mundo Deportivo stated that with the easy route, it won't make Merckx exert much effort to win for a fourth time. Merckx was believed to have a very strong team supporting him at the race, including the likes of Roger Swerts, Victor Van Schil, and Jos Deschoenmaecker, among others.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
Felice Gimondi (Bianchi), who won the race in 1967 and 1969, was not viewed to be in good condition entering the race. Despite this he was still viewed as a contender for the overall crown. Molteni director Giorgio Albani felt Merckx's strongest competitor would be Gimondi. Albani elaborated that the Spaniards José Manuel Fuente, Francisco Galdós, and Santiago Lazcano were all dangerous riders in the mountains, but not threats for the overall crown. The KAS team was regarded as a strong opponent to the Molteni squad because of their climbing prowess.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
Specifically, the writer felt Fuente had performed very little during the 1973 campaign. One writer found Roger de Vlaeminck (Brooklyn) to be a dark horse for the general classification, while another source felt he would be Merckx's biggest threat. Fuente ordered a bike from Faliero Maso (who made bikes for Fausto Coppi) which was said to be a very light bike which should give him more stability.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
Former winner Gianni Motta (Zonca) also competed in the race and was viewed as a capable rider, but noted that his performances were irregular and his season had been lackluster up to that point. 1971 winner Gösta Pettersson (Ferretti), was viewed as a challenger for the general classification, but one writer felt he lost his "punch." Italo Zilioli (Dreher), Franco Bitossi (Sammontana), and Michele Dancelli (Scic) were other Italian riders that had chances to place high in the general classification.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
Marino Basso (Bianchi), Gerben Karstens (Ovest Rokado), Rik Van Linden (Ovest Rokado), Patrick Sercu (Brooklyn), and Bitossi were thought to be the riders that would contend for the stages that finished in bunch sprints. Van Linden and Sercu had beaten the reigning world champion Basso several times during the season so far and one writer stated that he "will have a lot to do if he wants to be worthy of his rainbow jersey."


1973 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
French filmmaker Claude Lelouch announced he would be making a film that centered around Merckx, which would incorporate footage from the Vuelta a Espana earlier in the year, along with this Giro d'Italia.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
Prior to 1973, there were rumors that the race would be starting in Belgium. Race director Vincenzo Torriani revealed the race route on 5 March 1973. The route was announced to be 3,777 km (2,347 mi) over the course of twenty stages that included one individual time trial, while it began with a prologue around Verviers, Wallonia. The race was regarded to have six flat stages and eight "wavy" stages. There were eleven stages containing twenty categorized climbs that awarded points for the mountains classification, with no summit finishes in the race.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
In total, the race climbed 22.3 km (13.9 mi), 2.4 km (1.5 mi) less than the previous year. The average length of each stage was 188.85 km (117.35 mi). The route did feature two rest days, on 23 May in Aosta and 4 June in Forte dei Marmi. When compared to the previous year's race, the race was 52 km (32 mi) longer, included a prologue, two less individual time trails, four less summit finishes, and had the same number of rest days.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
The route was announced to start in Verviers, before heading towards Italy, passing through The Netherlands, West Germany, Luxembourg, France, and Switzerland. It was branded the "Tour of Europe." It was reported that roughly 50 million liras were paid to the Giro d'Italia from Verviers, Cologne, and the European Economic Community. The transfer from Strasbourg to Geneva was over 400 km (250 mi). The route notably finished in Trieste, rather than in Milan, the normal finish for the race.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
In addition, the route did not visit the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily, to which Squibbs from L'Impartial stated that "no one will complain" with regards to Sardinia, while Sicily he felt made the tifosi in various areas of the region "scream." The route as a whole does not venture into the southern half of Italy. It was believed to be that the reason for the avoidance of Milan and other larger cities in the 1973 route came from their large unruly crowds and recent social unrest. The Dolomites were featured in the last two stages of the race.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
Upon release of the route in March, some thought it was not a difficult route and Torriani did not want to give Merckx an advantage. Gino Sala of l'Unita wrote following the route's initial reveal that Torriani may throw in some obstacles before the race started that were not in the presented route in March. With the announcement of the route that traveled through so many European nations, Sala speculated that Tour de France organizer Felix Levitan would try to one-up the Giro for their 1974 race. Squibbs felt the route was well balanced and intelligently designed and thought the harder portions reserved for the very end would make the race garner more interest.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
There were three main individual classifications contested in the 1973 Giro d'Italia, as well as a team competition. Three of them awarded jerseys to their leaders. The general classification was the most important and was calculated by adding each rider's finishing times on each stage. The rider with the lowest cumulative time was the winner of the general classification and was considered the overall winner of the Giro. The rider leading the classification wore a pink jersey to signify the classification's leadership.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
The second classification was the points classification. Riders received points for finishing in the top positions in a stage finish, with first place getting the most points, and lower placings getting successively fewer points. The rider leading this classification wore a purple (or cyclamen) jersey. The mountains classification was the third classification and its leader was designated by a green jersey. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. Each climb was ranked as either first, second or third category, with more points available for higher category climbs.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
Most stages of the race included one or more categorized climbs, in which points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit first. The Cima Coppi, the race's highest point of elevation, awarded more points than the other first category climbs. The Cima Coppi for this Giro was the Passo di Giau. The first rider to cross the Passo di Giau was Spanish rider José Manuel Fuente.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
The final classification, the team classification, awarded no jersey to its leaders. This was calculated by adding together points earned by each rider on the team during each stage through the intermediate sprints, the categorized climbs, stage finishes, etc. The team with the most points led the classification.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
There were other minor classifications within the race, including the neo-professional competition. The classification was determined in the same way as the general classification, but considering only neo-professional cyclists (in their first three years of professional racing). The combination classification was a points classification that was tabulated by adding the ranks of a riders position in the general, points, and mountains classifications.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath
The race is documented in Jørgen Leth's 1973 film Stars and Watercarriers (Stjernerne og Vandbærerne).


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1973 Giro d'Italia was the 56th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began with a prologue two-man team time trial in Verviers on 18 May, and Stage 10 occurred on 29 May with a stage to Lanciano. The race finished in Trieste on 9 June.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Prologue
18 May 1973 — Verviers, 5.2 km (3.2 mi) (TTT)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 1
19 May 1973 — Verviers to Cologne, 137 km (85 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 2
20 May 1973 — Cologne to Luxembourg, 227 km (141 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 3
21 May 1973 — Luxembourg to Strasbourg, 239 km (149 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 4
22 May 1973 — Geneva to Aosta, 163 km (101 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 5
24 May 1973 — St. Vincent to Milan, 173 km (107 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 6
25 May 1973 — Milan to Iseo, 144 km (89 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 7
26 May 1973 — Iseo to Lido delle Nazioni, 248 km (154 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 8
27 May 1973 — Lido delle Nazioni to Monte Carpegna, 156 km (97 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 9
28 May 1973 — Carpegna to Alba Adriatica, 243 km (151 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Prologue to Stage 10, Stage 10
29 May 1973 — Alba Adriatica to Lanciano, 174 km (108 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20
The 1973 Giro d'Italia was the 56th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began with a prologue two-man team time trial in Verviers on 18 May, and Stage 11 occurred on 30 May with a stage from Lanciano. The race finished in Trieste on 9 June.


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 11
30 May 1973 — Lanciano to Benevento, 230 km (140 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 12
31 May 1973 — Benevento to Fiuggi, 236 km (147 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 13
1 June 1973 — Fiuggi to Bolsena, 215 km (134 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 14
2 June 1973 — Bolsena to Florence, 202 km (126 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 15
3 June 1973 — Florence to Forte dei Marmi, 150 km (93 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 16
5 June 1973 — Forte dei Marmi to Forte dei Marmi, 37 km (23 mi) (ITT)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 17
6 June 1973 — Forte dei Marmi to Verona, 244 km (152 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 18
7 June 1973 — Verona to Andalo, 173 km (107 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 19
8 June 1973 — Andalo to Auronzo di Cadore, 208 km (129 mi)


1973 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11 to Stage 20, Stage 20
9 June 1973 — Auronzo di Cadore to Trieste, 197 km (122 mi)


1973 Giro di Lombardia
The 1973 Giro di Lombardia was the 67th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 13 October 1973. The race started in Milan and finished in Como. The race was won by Felice Gimondi of the Bianchi team.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders
The 1973 Gitchie Manitou murders involved an attack on a group of five teenagers at Gitchie Manitou State Preserve in Lyon County, Iowa. Four of the teenagers were killed and a fifth was kidnapped and raped. Allen, James, and David Fryer were later convicted of the crimes and sentenced to life in prison. The attack took place on November 17, 1973.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Background
On the evening of November 17, 1973, five teenagers from Sioux Falls, South Dakota were attacked by a group of three brothers. Four of the teenagers were killed and one was kidnapped and raped. Those killed were Roger Essem (male, 17), Stewart Baade (male, 18), Dana Baade (male, 14), and Michael Hadrath (male, 15). Sandra Cheskey (female, 13) was raped, but survived the attack. Her testimony was instrumental in bringing the perpetrators to justice.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Background
The perpetrators of this slaying were Allen Fryer (male, 29), David Fryer (male, 24), and James Fryer (male 21) of Sioux Falls, South Dakota.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, The Murders
The Fryer brothers were in Gitchie Manitou State Preserve looking for illumination to poach deer and happened upon the victims sitting around a campfire, singing. David Fryer was sent to spy on the group and reported back to his brothers that the teenagers had marijuana. The brothers conferred and decided to take the victims' marijuana by impersonating narcotics officers. Testimony at the trial indicated that the Fryers apparently thought narcotics agents were allowed to indiscriminately kill drug users.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, The Murders
After getting shotguns from their truck, Allen, James, and David Fryer positioned themselves on a ridge overlooking the victims and opened fire. Roger Essem was killed immediately and Stewart Baade fell wounded. At this point, the remaining teenagers took cover in the trees.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, The Murders
The Fryers ordered the teenagers to come out of the trees, so Michael Hadrath and Sandra Cheskey emerged together and asked the Fryers who they thought they were. Allen Fryer then shot Hadrath in the arm and said that they were police officers. Hadrath and Cheskey fell to the ground, but were forced to get up by Allen Fryer who said they were playing dead.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, The Murders
Allen and David Fryer forced Dana Baade, Michael Hadrath, and Sandra Cheskey along a trail away from the campfire. Sandra Cheskey was tied up and placed in the victims' van. During this time, Stewart Baade was also brought back to the van from where he had been wounded.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, The Murders
Allen Fryer then drove away in the van with Sandra Cheskey, leaving Stewart Baade, Dana Baade, and Michael Hadrath standing near the road with James and David Fryer. After Allen left, James and David Fryer killed the three teenagers with shotguns. The bodies were discovered the next day by a couple from Sioux Falls, SD who drove to the park while trying out their new car. Roger Essems' body wasn't discovered until the following day because it was left lying by the campfire, the site of the first encounter.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, The Murders
Allen Fryer told Sandra Cheskey that he was a police officer while they drove around, that he was "The Boss", and that the other two would do as he instructed them. After a short time, James and David Fryer met them on the road in the pickup. Allen and Sandy got into the truck, and the group drove to a farm. At this point, James Fryer raped Sandra Cheskey. Early the next morning, Allen filled the vehicle's tank with gasoline from a large red fuel tank then drove Cheskey home, still under the pretense of being a police officer, saying that Sandra was "too young to get busted".


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Investigation
Because of Sandra's composure and bluntness about the rape, and all the details she remembered especially well for someone at such young age (13) some investigators questioned her credibility. She was interviewed many times and passed a polygraph test.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Investigation
On November 29, 1973, Sandra Cheskey was accompanied by Craig Vinson (Lyon County, Iowa, Sheriff) as they drove around the countryside looking for the farm house where Sandy was held captive and raped. Near Hartford, South Dakota, she recognized the farmhouse by the large red fuel tank that stood next to the garage. The farm was owned by Allen Fryer's employer, a local farmer. By a chance, Allen Fryer then drove by in the same blue pickup that was used the night of the murders. Sandy told Sheriff Vinson "That's him. That's the boss." Law enforcement quickly pulled the truck over and arrested Allen Fryer. David and James Fryer were also arrested shortly thereafter.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Investigation
Allen Fryer claimed that Cheskey's friends were the ones shooting at him and his brothers the night of the murders and they "accidentally" killed someone. By Allen's 3rd interview he told the truth but was still trying to justify their action saying the 5 teens had been drinking and smoking marijuana, and the Fryer brothers wanted to steal it. David Fryer told a similar story, and then later changed his story to what really happened.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Investigation
November 30, 1973, Cheskey identified both David and James Fryer in a lineup.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Investigation
The interview with James Fryer was much different, as he immediately turned the blame to his brothers. He also confirmed David Fryer's story believing the teens had been smoking marijuana, that Allen Fryer was pretending to be a detective, and that Cheskey was laughing, having a good time, and willingly had sex with David and James. James also blamed his brother for killing all four of the teenage boys. James Fryer was serving time in jail during the time of the murders, but was enrolled in the Work Release Program. Instead of going back to jail, David called the jail impersonating his boss saying James needed to work an extra shift, and instead James went off with his brothers.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Investigation
Allen and David Fryer were moved from Sioux Falls, SD to Lyon County Jail in Rock Rapids, Iowa. James Fryer remained in Sioux Falls because he was currently serving a jail sentence. On December 1st, 1973, all three brothers were arraigned and charged with four counts of murder. Bond was set at $400,000 per man, amounting to $100,000 for each boy slain.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Trial
Sandra Cheskey's testimony was instrumental, as it comprised the bulk of evidence against the Fryer brothers during the 18 months of trial. There were some issues at the trial involving confusion by Cheskey, most of which can be attributed to her age at the time (13).


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Trial
On February 12, 1974, David Fryer pled guilty to the open charge of murder, guilty to three charges of murder, and one charge of manslaughter. David admitted to killing Stewart Baade (18). The judge sentenced David to life in prison without the possibility of parole, for which he replied "no". David said, "If all my appeals fail, I'll actually write the governor and ask for the death penalty. I won't live out my life in jail. Keeping me locked up for life can't turn around what happened. It can't bring those people back." In 2016, David asked the Parole Board to over turn the "without possibility of parole", and it was denied after a testimony by Cheskey and Mike Hadrath's sister Lynette.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Trial
Allen Fryer was subjected to psychiatric testing, and was found fit to stand trial. February 1974, Allen began his trial at the Lyon County Court House. May 20, 1974, Allen was found guilty of four counts of first degree murder and was sentenced to four consecutive life terms in prison.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Trial
James Fryer agreed to extradition from Sioux Falls, SD to Iowa, but later fought the extradition thinking he might end up back out on the streets.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Trial
On June 18, 1974, after Allen Fryer's trial, he and James Fryer escaped from the Lyon County Jail, stole a vehicle, and fled the state. They were arrested in Gillette, Wyoming, and brought back to face federal charges.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Trial
James' trial began December 3, 1974 in Lyon County at , Iowa where a state psychiatrist determined James had an IQ of 85 and poorly controlled his behavior. December 30, 1974 James Fryer was found guilty of three charges of first degree murder and one charge of manslaughter. Because James was going to be serving life in jail without parole  the District Attorney believed there was no need to subject Cheskey to a rape trial.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Trial
All three of the Fryer brothers were sentenced to life without the possibility of parole, and all appeals fell through for all Fryer brothers. Allen is serving his life sentence at the Penitentiary in Anamosa, Iowa. David and James are currently serving their life sentences at the Fort Dodge Correctional Facility in Fort Dodge, Iowa.


1973 Gitchie Manitou murders, Further reading
In addition to Allen Fryer v. Nix (mentioned below), the following decisions provide a great deal of background for the 1973 murder case:


1973 Glasgow Corporation election
An Election to Glasgow City Council was held on 1 May 1973, alongside municipal elections across Scotland. Of the councils 113 seats, 37 were up for election. Labour managed to increase its majority on the council to 55.


1973 Glasgow Corporation election
Following the election, Glasgow Corporation was composed of 83 Labour councillors, 25 Conservatives, 3 Progressives, and 2 ex officio members.


1973 Glasgow Corporation election
Turnout was 183,308, out of a total electorate of 601,506 (30.47% turnout).


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election
The Glasgow Govan by-election was held on 8 November 1973, following the death of John Rankin, Labour Party Member of Parliament for the Glasgow Govan constituency. Rankin had died one month earlier, on 8 October 1973. Rankin had held the seat since 1955. With the exception of a narrow Conservative victory in 1950, the seat had been solidly Labour-held since 1918. For the by-election the Labour Party nominated Harry Selby, a veteran activist in Glasgow and a former Trotskyist. It was later reported that Selby's selection had been controversial with some Labour members who felt that at the age of 61 he was too old to be starting a parliamentary career.


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election
The Conservative Party, long the main opposition in the constituency, nominated John Mair, but as they were in mid-term government, they expected little from the election. Party support had also suffered after refusing the important local employer Upper Clyde Shipbuilders a government loan to continue operations.


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election
The Scottish National Party (SNP) had barely won 10% of the vote in the constituency at the 1970 general election. Nonetheless, nationalist sentiment had increased following the discovery of North Sea Oil, and the party had performed very well in the 1971 Stirling and Falkirk by-election, and the 1973 Dundee East by-election. The SNP nominated the young teacher Margo MacDonald.


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election
The Liberal Party, despite having held the constituency for considerable periods prior to 1918, had little base in Glasgow and had not even contested it in 1970. They stood Peter McMillan. The withdrawal of the Liberal Party allowed the Communist Party of Great Britain to poll fourth in 1970, with only 326 votes. With such a low count, they chose not to contest the 1973 by-election.


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election, Results
MacDonald won a shock victory for the SNP; this was the party's fourth Parliamentary election victory, after the 1945 Motherwell by-election, the 1967 Hamilton by-election, and the Western Isles seat in 1970. The party gained an additional 31.2% of the vote, and MacDonald sat alongside Donald Stewart, SNP MP for the Western Isles, in the British House of Commons. The Glasgow Herald described the result as a "debacle" for Labour, which proved that "no Labour seat is safe from Nationalist assault."


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election, Results
An editorial in the same newspaper on the morning after the result was announced said that the defeat in Govan, which had been thought to be a safe seat, and the failure of Labour to make up ground on the Conservatives in the Edinburgh North by-election on the same day, "were the worst ever" by-election results "for the Labour Party in Scotland."


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election, Results
The Labour vote fell sharply, in an ominous defeat for the party, given that a general election was expected soon. The Conservative vote halved, and the party lost its deposit, placing only just ahead of the Liberals. however the Conservative performance in Govan was eclipsed by the party holding Edinburgh North fairly comfortably.


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election, Results
In the aftermath of the defeat it was reported that there was criticism of the Labour members of Glasgow Croporation for failing to support Selby's campaign. The leader of the Labour group on the Council, the Rev. Geoffrey Shaw conceded that there had been an element of complacency about the campaign, though argued that this was among the Labour Party as a whole, rather than just among councillors.


1973 Glasgow Govan by-election, Results
MacDonald lost the seat at the February 1974 general election to Selby, who himself stood down after only five years. However, the SNP were able to win seven other seats at the 1974 election, and established themselves as a permanent grouping in the British Parliament.


1973 Gloucester City Council election
The 1973 Gloucester City Council election took place on 5 May 1973 to elect members of Gloucester City Council in England.


1973 Golden Helmet (Poland)
The Golden Helmet (Polish: Turniej o Złoty Kask, ZK) is an annual motorcycle speedway event, and has been organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1961. Currently the race is held in PC Team 3rd from last season (previously Wrocław), with the top twelve riders in the Extraleague and the top four riders in the First League.


1973 Golden Helmet (Poland)
1973 Golden Helmet season was the 13th since its establishment.


1973 Golden Helmet (Poland), Final classification
Note: Result from final score was subtracted with two the weakest events.


1973 Governor General's Awards
Each winner of the 1973 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit was selected by a panel of judges administered by the Canada Council for the Arts.


1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum
The Gozo Civil Council (Abolition) Referendum was held in Malta on 11 November 1973. The referendum was facultative and non-binding and only voters registered in Gozo were allowed to vote, and is to date the only non-national referendum to have been held in the country.


1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum, Background
Gozo Civic Council had been set up as a statutory local Government in the island of Gozo on 14 April 1961, the first experiment in civil local government in Malta since the French occupation of 1798-1800. The law authorised the Council to raise taxes, although it never actually made use of this power.


1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum, Background
In 1971 the Labour Party was voted into office. As its support in Gozo was weak and it favoured a more centralised administration it proposed a referendum on the abolishment of the Council putting emphasis on the unpopular possibility of it raising taxes.


1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum, Question
Do you want Gozo to remain different from Malta, that is, not only having its own representatives in Parliament, chosen from Gozo, but also representatives in the Gozo Civic Council which, amongst other powers, has that of imposing special taxes on the Gozitans to be spent according to the wishes of the people of Gozo?


1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum, Outcome
Despite the exceptionally low turnout of just 1.25%, the Government proceeded with its plans to abolish the Gozo Civic Council. Government administration in Gozo was centralised in Valletta and Gozitan affairs became the direct responsibility of the Office of the Prime Minister.


1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum, Outcome
In the mid-1980s attempts were made to set up a Gozo committee, chaired by the Prime Minister and with the Gozitan Members of Parliament as members. However, it was only in 1987 that the Ministry of Gozo was set up (demoted to a Parliamentary Secretariat between 1996 and 1998). Local government in the Gozitan localities was restored with the introduction of Local councils in 1993 with Gozo having 14 councils.


1973 Gozo Civic Council referendum, Outcome
A Gozo Regional Committee was created by Act No. XVI of 2009, and was formally constituted in 2012.


1973 Grambling Tigers football team
The 1973 Grambling Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Grambling College (now known as Grambling State University) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1973 NCAA Division II football season. In its 31st season under head coach Eddie Robinson, Grambling compiled a 10–3 record (5–1 against conference opponents), tied for the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 339 to 176. In two post-season games, the Tigers defeated Delaware in the Boardwalk Bowl and lost to Western Kentucky in the Grantland Rice Bowl.


1973 Grand National
The 1973 Grand National was the 127th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at the Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 31 March 1973.


1973 Grand National
The race is best remembered for being the first of Red Rum's three Grand National wins; Red Rum also broke the record set by Reynoldstown in 1935, and in doing so staged a spectacular comeback to beat Crisp on the run-in after having trailed by 15 lengths at the final fence.


1973 Grand National
Commentator Peter O'Sullevan describes the climax of the 1973 National


1973 Grand National
Before the off, Red Rum was 9/1 joint-favourite with Crisp to win the race. However, by the time the runners had reached The Chair the Australian chaser Crisp, who was carrying the top weight of 12 stone, had already built up a significant lead and appeared unstoppable. For much of the initial stages, Crisp's closest challenger was Bill Shoemark on Grey Sombrero, but he fell at The Chair, giving Crisp an even greater lead which had grown to 20 lengths by the end of the first circuit.


1973 Grand National
Crisp's jockey Richard Pitman later recalled that at Becher's Brook on the second circuit, fallen jockey David Nicholson shouted at him: "Richard, you're 33 lengths clear, kick on and you'll win!" At the same time, he heard the Tannoy commentator Michael O'Hehir declare: "And Red Rum is coming out of the pack, Brian Fletcher is kicking him hard!"


1973 Grand National
At the 30th and final fence, Crisp was still 15 lengths ahead of Red Rum, ridden by Fletcher and given 10 stone 5 lb by the handicapper. However, Crisp was beginning to tire badly on the 494-yard run-in, carrying 23 lb more than his nearest rival. Red Rum made up considerable ground, and two strides from the finishing post he pipped Crisp by a mere three-quarters of a length in a record time of nine minutes, 1.9 seconds (a record which would stand until 1990).


1973 Grand National
The third horse, L'Escargot, who would win the National two years later, was 25 lengths adrift at the finish.


1973 Grand National
There was one equine fatality during the race when Grey Sombrero fell at The Chair whilst leading the pursuit of Crisp. He suffered a broken leg and was euthanised, becoming the first fatal casualty of the Grand National since Racoon in 1970. Grey Sombrero is one of three horses to have been fatally injured while jumping The Chair in the Grand National (the others were Land Lark in 1975 and Kintai in 1979).


1973 Grand National
1973 is often considered among the greatest Grand Nationals of all time, and the dramatic final-stretch battle between the two greats Crisp and Red Rum has also been described as one of the greatest sporting moments.


1973 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath
David Coleman presented the BBC's coverage in a special edition of Grandstand. Grandstand would also show the international rugby union match between Scotland and The President's XV from Murrayfield, along with a preview of the big heavyweight bout from San Diego between Muhammad Ali and Ken Norton, that was shown later on BBC 1 in a Sportsnight special. Unfortunately, Grey Sombrero, who had fallen at the 15th fence was badly injured and had to be euthanized.


1973 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix was a tennis circuit administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) which served as a forerunner to the current Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour. The circuit consisted of the four modern Grand Slam tournaments and open tournaments recognised by the ILTF. This article covers all tournaments that were part of that year's Men's Grand Prix. Bonus points were awarded to players who were nominated to play in certain 1973 Davis Cup ties and who miss tournaments through competing in those ties. The Commercial Union Assurance Masters is included in this calendar but did not count towards the Grand Prix.


1973 Grand Prix (tennis), Grand Prix points system
The tournaments listed above were divided into four groups. Group AA consisted of the Triple Crown – the French Open, the Wimbledon Championships and the US Open – while the other tournaments were divided into Groups A, B and C by prize money and draw size. Points were allocated based on these groups and the finishing position of a player in a tournament. No points were awarded to first round losers and ties were settled by the number of tournaments played. The points allocation is listed below:


1973 Grand Prix (tennis), Grand Prix rankings
1) Ilie Nastase 610 points, 2) John Newcombe 512.5 points, 3)


1973 Grand Prix (tennis), Grand Prix rankings
Tom Okker 498 points, 4) Jimmy Connors 383 points, 5) Manuel Orantes 358.5 points, 6) Jan Kodes 315 points, 7) Stan Smith 274 points, 8) Tom Gorman 270 points, 9) Björn Borg 240 points, 10) Arthur Ashe 236 points, 11) Rod Laver 230 points, 12) Nikki Pilic 210 points, 13) Jaime Fillol 203 points, 14) Raul Ramirez 186.5 points, 15) Onny Parun 177 points, 16) Vijay Amritraj 169.5 points, 17) Ken Rosewall 169 points, 18) Eddie Dibbs 155 points, 19) Karl Meiler 155 points, 20) Marty Riessen 141 points, 21) Alex Metreveli 141 points, 22) Jiri Hrebec 131 points, 23) Ross Case 126 points, 24) Roger Taylor 126 points, 25) Guillermo Vilas 121 points, 26) Adriano Panatta 119 points, 27) Brian Gottfried 118 points, 28) Mark Cox 118 points, 29) Jurgen Fassbender 115 points, 30) Charles Pasarell 112 points, 31) Cliff Drysdale 112 points, 32) Paolo Bertolucci 104 points, 33) Geoff Masters 100 points, 34) Ray Moore 98 points, 35) John Alexander 98 points


1973 Grand Prix (tennis), ATP rankings
On 23 August 1973 the Association of Tennis Professionals published its first list of computer rankings, using points averages rather than points totals in their calculations. These are the ATP Rankings of the top twenty singles players in the first list  and at the end of the 1973 season, with numbers of ranking points, points averages, numbers of tournaments played, year-end rankings in 1973, highest and lowest positions during the season and number of spots gained or lost from the first rankings to the year-end rankings.


1973 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
The 1973 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 25th F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship season.


1973 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary
MV Agusta teammates Phil Read and Giacomo Agostini battled it out for supremacy of the 500cc class but the season was overshadowed by the deaths of Jarno Saarinen and Renzo Pasolini at the Italian round at Monza. The 500cc title runner-up, Kim Newcombe, also died at a non-championship race at Silverstone late in the year. Agostini claimed his 13th championship in the 350cc class. In the 250cc class, West German Dieter Braun won the crown for Yamaha. Kent Andersson gave Yamaha another title in the 125cc class while Kreidler dominated the 50cc class after the Derbi factory pulled out of racing with Dutchman Jan de Vries taking the crown.


1973 Grantland Rice Bowl
The 1973 Grantland Rice Bowl was an NCAA Division II game following the 1973 season, between the Grambling Tigers (now the Grambling State Tigers) and the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers. This was the first year that the game served as a national semifinal for Division II – in prior years it had been the Mideast regional championship for the College Division. This was the last time that the game was played at BREC Memorial Stadium.


1973 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
Western Kentucky defensive back Mike McCoy and running back Clarence Jackson were selected in the 1974 NFL Draft. Defensive back Virgil Livers and defensive end John Bushong were selected in the 1975 NFL Draft. McCoy, Jackson, Livers, linebacker Rick Green, wide receiver Porter Williams, and head coach Jimmy Feix are inductees of the WKU Athletic Hall of Fame.


1973 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
Grambling defensive end Charles Battle, defensive back Bill Bryant, defensive end Ezil Bibbs, and tight end Oliver Alexander were selected in the 1974 NFL Draft. Defensive tackle Gary Johnson, defensive end Bob Barber, and defensive end Jesse O'Neal were selected in the 1975 NFL Draft. Grambling players selected in the 1976 NFL Draft include cornerback James Hunter, wide receiver Sammy White, tight end Ron Singleton, and linebacker Robert Pennywell. Johnson, Hunter, White, and head coach Eddie Robinson are inductees of the Grambling Legends Sports Hall of Fame. Johnson and Robinson are inductees of the College Football Hall of Fame.


1973 Grantland Rice Bowl, Further reading
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1973 Greater London Council election
The fourth election to the Greater London Council was held on 12 April 1973. Labour won a large majority of 58 seats to 32 for the Conservatives; the Liberals also won their first two seats on the council.


1973 Greater London Council election, Electoral arrangements
As there had been a boundary commission report with new Parliamentary constituencies which coincided with the border of Greater London, the electoral system was changed (as had always been intended) so that the GLC was elected from single member electoral divisions which were identical with the Parliamentary constituencies.


1973 Greater London Council election, Results
With an electorate of 5,313,470, there was a turnout of 36.8%. In addition to the 92 councillors, there were sixteen Aldermen who divided 9 Labour and 6 Conservative, so that Labour actually had 67 seats to 38 for the Conservatives following the election.


1973 Greater London Council election, Results
Among those who were first elected to the GLC in 1973 were Ken Livingstone (Labour, Lambeth, Norwood), later to lead it, Andrew McIntosh (Labour, Haringey, Tottenham) who was his brief moderate rival for the Labour leadership, and Serge Lourie (Labour, Havering Hornchurch), who became a founder member of the SDP and Leader of the LB Richmond upon Thames in 2001.


1973 Greater London Council election, By-elections 1973–1977
The first by-election of the term was caused by the court voiding the election in Croydon North East (see Morgan v Simpson). On 5 September 1974 the former Conservative member Billie Morgan regained the seat she had narrowly lost. Labour retained seats in Greenwich on 24 October 1974 and Dagenham on 30 January 1975 caused by the deaths of sitting councillors. The Conservatives kept their seat in Finchley on 15 May 1975 caused by the resignation of Roland Freeman and St. Marylebone on 8 April 1976 caused by the resignation of former GLC leader Desmond Plummer.


1973 Greater Manchester County Council election
Local elections to Greater Manchester County Council, a Metropolitan County Council encompassing Greater Manchester, were held on 12 April 1973. This was the first election held for the authority, having been established by operation of the Local Government Act 1972. Following the election the Labour Party assumed control of the Council.


1973 Greek republic referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Greece on 29 July 1973. The amendments would confirm the abolition (on 1 June) of the monarchy by the military junta and establish a republic. The proposal was approved by 78.6% of voters with a turnout of 75.0%. This initiated the first period of the Metapolitefsi.


1973 Greek republic referendum, Background
The military junta had ruled Greece since a group of middle-ranking officers, under the leadership of Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos, staged a coup on 21 April 1967. King Constantine II reluctantly endorsed the coup, but started preparing for a counter-coup by elements of the armed forces loyal to him. This counter-coup was launched on 13 December 1967 and failed, forcing the king and most of the royal family to flee to Italy. Greece remained a kingdom, with the king's functions exercised by a junta-appointed regent without sanction from the king, a post held until 1972 by General Georgios Zoitakis, and then assumed by an increasingly dominant Papadopoulos, who also held the position of prime minister and several ministerial posts.


1973 Greek republic referendum, Background
In May 1973, however, a wide-ranging anti-junta movement was discovered and suppressed, just before its outbreak, among the ranks of the mostly royalist Navy. One ship, however, the destroyer Velos did actually mutiny, and upon reaching Italy, the captain Nikolaos Pappas and 31 officers and crew disembarked and asked for political asylum, creating worldwide interest. The failed Navy revolt demonstrated that even after six years of junta "normality", the opposition had not died off, and that it existed even amongst large parts of the armed forces, which were the regime's main internal supporter. This revelation created a major crisis for the junta leadership.


1973 Greek republic referendum, Background
Papadopoulos, in a move which would bolster his own authority, deposed the king. On 1 June, a Constituent Act was proclaimed, which declared Greece a presidential republic, with Papadopoulos as president. The act was to be confirmed by a plebiscite, which was held on 29 July 1973. The defunct political parties and their leaders urged for a "No" as a sign of opposition to the regime, but the vote was tightly controlled by the junta, and the results were predictably favourable to the regime.


1973 Greek republic referendum, Aftermath
Colonel Papadopoulos promised a return to democratic and parliamentary rule, based on the provisions of the new Constitution, and appointed Spyros Markezinis as Prime Minister, and he called elections for February 10, 1974. His attempt at controlled democratisation failed after the Athens Polytechnic uprising and the hardliners' coup under Dimitrios Ioannidis that followed. The forms of the Republic were maintained until the final collapse of the junta in July 1974, and on 8 December 1974, another referendum was held, in which the Greek people confirmed the abolition of the monarchy, and the establishment of the current Third Hellenic Republic.


1973 Green Bay Packers season
The 1973 Green Bay Packers season was their 55th season overall and their 53rd season in the National Football League. The defending division champions posted a 5–7–2 record under third-year head coach Dan Devine, earning them a third-place finish in the NFC Central division.


1973 Green Bay Packers season, Offseason
Pro Football Hall of Fame linebacker Ray Nitschke retired during training camp in late August. Bart Starr left as quarterbacks coach to other business interests, which included a network broadcasting position with CBS.


1973 Greenlandic Football Championship
The 1973 Greenlandic Football Championship was the 3rd edition of the Greenlandic Football Championship. With the final round being held in Nuuk. Which was won by Grønlands Seminarius Sportklub, the third national title in its history.


1973 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
The 1973 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the ninth edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 16 September 1973. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Jan van Katwijk.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
The first ever Guildford Borough Council full-council elections were held on 7 June 1973. The Conservatives won control of the council with a majority of 16, winning 29 of the 42 seats.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
The Local Government Act 1972 decreed that a new Guildford Borough Council was to replace the previous two councils for the area, namely the town council, Guildford Municipal Borough Council, and the council for the rural area surrounding Guildford,  Guildford Rural District Council. The wards used for this election were largely based on the previously wards used by Guildford Municipal Borough Council and the parish boundaries of Guildford Rural District Council.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
There was some alteration to the wards in the run up to the election, but full scale rewarding would only be implemented in time for the 1976 council elections. Changes included Friary ward and St Nicolas ward being merged with 3 councillors for the new joint ward; they had previously been separate wards with 3 councillors each on Guildford Municipal Borough Council. Holy Trinity ward and Stoughton ward each saw the number of councillors represent them reduce from 3 to 2. Merrow and Burpham ward, which at this point included much of what was from 1976 onwards to become the Christchurch ward, saw its representation increase from 3 to 5 councillors.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
The new council was initially to be elected once every 3 years (this was to change to once every 4 years from 1979 onwards). This replaced the annual elections, where one third of councillors were elected each year, which had previously been used for elections to Guildford Municipal Borough Council.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
Going into the election the councillors for the town wards under the old Guildford Municipal Borough Council were as follows - Friary (2 Lib, 1 Lab), St Nicolas (2 Lib, 1 Con), Stoke (3 Lab), Westborough (3 Lab), Holy Trinity (3 Con), Merrow & Burpham (3 Con), Onslow (3 Con), Stoughton (3 Con). Thus Friary & St Nicolas was predominately Liberal, Stoke and Westborough were Labour plus Holy Trinity, Merrow & Burpham, Onslow and Stoughton were Conservative going into the election. With one exception those allegiances were maintained in the 1973 council elections.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
The Liberals took all 3 councillors for the new Friary & St Nicolas ward. Labour retained all 6 councillors in its two strongholds Stoke and Westborough. The Conservatives won all the seats in Merrow & Burpham, Onslow and Stoughton wards. However, in Holy Trinity ward a change to previous voting behaviour occurred in that an official Liberal Party candidate took a seat for the first time in Holy Trinity's history; the ward having been created in 1899. This resulted in Holy Trinity ward being split 1 Conservative, 1 Liberal.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
All bar 3 of the councillors elected for wards within the area formerly covered by Guildford Rural District Council were Conservatives. The three exceptions were 2 Independents were returned for Albury, Shere & St Martha's, plus one of the three councillors elected for East Clandon, West Clandon, East Horsley & West Horsley was a Liberal, the other two being Conservatives.


1973 Guildford Borough Council election
Overall the election results were Conservatives 29, Labour 6, Liberals 5, Independents 2.


1973 Guyanese general election
General elections were held in Guyana on 17 July 1973. The result was a victory for the People's National Congress, which won 37 of the 53 seats. However, the PNC's victory was the result of fraud as the government had direct control of the elections. Voter turnout was 81.0%.


1973 Gwent County Council election
The 1973 Gwent County Council election was held on Thursday 12 April 1973 to elect councillors to the new Gwent County Council, governing the new county of Gwent, Wales. It took place on the same day as other county council elections in the United Kingdom.


1973 Gwent County Council election
These were the first elections to the new county council, which would come into effect on 1 April 1974. Future elections would take place every four years, with the next one scheduled for April 1977.


1973 Gwent County Council election
The 1973 election saw the Labour Party win a strong majority on the Council.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Background
Gwent was created following local government reorganisation enacted by the Local Government Act 1972. It covered the area of Monmouthshire and Newport County Borough, which would be transferred from England to Wales in 1974.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Background
The 1973 elections were the first to the new local authorities, with councillors acting in a shadow capacity until 1 April 1974 when the new councils took full effect.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Background
The position of alderman on the local authorities was abolished, with all members of the new councils being elected ward councillors.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Overview of the result
Seventy-eight Gwent County Council seats in 66 electoral wards were up for election in April 1973. Labour overall increased its presence in comparison with the old councils, though there were some close battles between Labour, the Liberals and Independents in some wards.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Overview of the result
In Cwmbran Labour did not fare so well, with an Independent and a Ratepayer candidate winning seats, and the Conservatives polling strongly.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Ward results
Contests took place in 49 wards, with candidates in seventeen of the wards being elected unopposed.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Ward results, Old Cwmbran (1 seat)
Councillor Rex was a credit company agent and had been a member of Cwmbran Urban Council for 16 years.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Ward results, Panteg East (1 seat)
This was local newspaper reporter Don Touhig's first ever election, which he won by over 700 votes.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Ward results, Pontnewydd (1 seat)
Councillor Pritchard was General Secretary of the Monmouthshire Federation of Ratepayers.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Ward results, Tredegar Central and West (1 seat)
Bill Harry had been one of four Monmouthshire county councillors in Tredegar for 13 years, but Gwent County Council would only have three Tredegar county councillors, with Harry being the loser against Angus Donaldson who was a sitting Liberal Monmouthshire councillor for Tredegar.


1973 Gwent County Council election, Ward results, Victoria (1 seat)
Percy Jones, an alderman and former major of Newport County Borough had been a council member in Newport for 20 years.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400
The 1973 Gwyn Staley 400 was a NASCAR NASCAR Cup Series racing event that took place at North Wilkesboro Speedway on April 8, 1973, in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Background
Three drivers entered the 1970 Wilkes 400 in a very close points race. Bobby Isaac was just ahead of James Hylton, and Bobby Allison was close behind. But Richard Petty, who was out of the points because of a shoulder injury suffered at Darlington in May, was considered the favorite to win the race. Isaac started from the pole for a record-tying fourth consecutive time, matching Fred Lorenzen and Herb Thomas with a qualifying lap time of 21.346 seconds / 105.406 mph.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Background
Fans were given quite a show as Isaac and Petty exchanged the lead a total of 11 times throughout the race. Isaac, in the Nord Krauskopf's K&K Insurance Dodge, led 179 laps and took the win by six car lengths over Petty. Petty, who had started the race in third position led the most laps in the race with 216. Bobby Allison started fourth and finished fourth behind his brother, Donnie Allison. And Hylton finished fifth at the end of day. Isaac advanced to become the 1970 Winston Cup Champion at season's end, with Allison being the runner-up in points.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Background
Bad weather in 1971 caused the Wilkes 400 to be postponed to November 21. Due to the Grand National Series' struggling car counts, cars from NASCAR's Grand American Series were allowed to run in this race. Charlie Glotzbach broke the track record in qualifying at 20.919 seconds / 107.558 mph. It was the first lap ever run under 21 seconds at  North Wilkesboro, ending Bobby Isaac's run of five consecutive poles at the track. Tiny Lund, driving a 1970 Camaro, qualified sixth and led just seven laps on his way to the victory.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Background
Lund also won another race driving the Camaro that season at Hickory. Glotzbach finished second, six seconds behind Lund, after leading 76 laps in the race. Richard Petty started from the outside pole and led 306 laps to finish third. Dave Marcis finished fourth, two laps down, and Benny Parsons rounded out the top five. Bobby Allison was the only other driver to lead, running 11 laps out front before losing an engine prior to the half.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Background
The Wilkes 400 in 1972 was one of the wildest finishes in NASCAR Cup Series history. Buddy Baker won the pole in the No. 71 K&K Insurance Dodge owned by Nord Krauskopf, but he only led the first lap of the race. Richard Petty and Bobby Allison swapped the lead for the rest of the race, beating and banging each other for the win. At times was more of a demolition derby than a race. Both cars were destroyed by the end, with Allison's car noticeably smoking. This was the peak of the Petty-Allison rivalry. Petty was declared the winner, but in Victory Lane, a fan tried to attack him. But he was defended by his helmet-wielding brother, Maurice Petty. This was Richard Petty's last of 137 wins in a Plymouth.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Race report
Sixteen thousand people watched Richard Petty defeat Benny Parsons by at least four laps; resulting in his 151st NASCAR Winston Cup Series win.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Race report
Due to haphazard adjustments to the vehicles' setup prior to qualifying, Junior Johnson failed to qualify at his home track and Cale Yarborough struggled the whole distance of the race; finishing in an unusually low sixth place.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Race report
A little known fact about this race was that Benny Parsons was the president of a Parent-Teacher Association (based out of an Ellerbe, North Carolina, elementary school) and a NASCAR champion at the same time. Out of the drivers in the 30-car grid, 28 of them were American-born while two were Canadian (Vic Parsons and Yvon Duhamel - a French Canadian from Quebec who finished 10th in his only NASCAR start of any form).


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Race report
Rick Newsom would end up being the last-place finisher with an engine problem on lap 2. Cecil Gordon was on the lead lap late in the race until a flat tire on a restart cost him a top 3 finish.


1973 Gwyn Staley 400, Race report
Notable crew chiefs who actively participated in the race were Tim Brewer, Travis Carter, Harry Hyde, Dale Inman, Vic Ballard, Lee Gordon and Bud Moore.


1973 Haitian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Haiti on 11 February 1973. Over 300 candidates contested the election, all of whom were members of the National Unity Party and supporters of President Jean-Claude Duvalier.


1973 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season
The 1973 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season was the 16th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 24th overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in 4th place in the Eastern Conference with a 7–7 record and missed the playoffs for only the second time since the inception of the Tiger-Cats in 1950. In May 1973 the club was sold to Mr. Michael G. DeGroote, chairman and chief executive officer of Laidlaw Transportation Limited.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre
The 1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre took place on the afternoon of January 18, 1973. Two men and a boy were shot to death. Four other children ranging in age from nine days to ten years old were drowned. Two others were severely injured. The murders took place at 7700 16th Street NW, a Washington, D.C. house purchased for a group of Hanafi Muslims to use as the "Hanafi American Mussulman's Rifle and Pistol Club". The property was purchased and donated by then Milwaukee Bucks basketball player, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre
The target of the attack was Hamaas Abdul Khaalis, the son-in-law of Reginald Hawkins. Khaalis had written and sent fifty letters calling Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad "guilty of 'fooling and deceiving people - robbing them of their money, and besides that dooming them to Hell.'" The letters were mailed to ministers of all fifty mosques of the Nation of Islam, a sect that Khaalis had infiltrated and in which he had been a leader in the 1950s. The letters were also critical of Wallace D. Fard and urged the ministers to leave the sect.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Background
At the time of the murders Black Muslims were known as the Nation of Islam (NOI) and then changed their name to World Community Islam in the West.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Background
Hamaas Abdul Khaalis was originally a Roman Catholic and Seventh-day Adventist born in Gary, Indiana as Ernest Timothy McGhee. He converted to Sunni Islam and on the advice of his Islamic teacher, Tasibur Uddein Rahman  infiltrated the Black Muslims. He changed his name to Ernest 2x McGhee and served as principal of the sect's school, and then went on to become Elijah Muhammad's national secretary at their Chicago national headquarters from 1954-1957. In an interview, Khaalis said, "Elijah once said that I was next in line to him, that it was me, not Malcolm X."


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Background
In 1957 he was demoted or lost influence in a dispute possibly after unsuccessfully trying to convince Muhammad to change the direction of the movement. He then moved to New York City where he ran the Hanafi Madh-hab center in Harlem under his Sunni Muslim name Hamaas Abdul Khaalis. In New York, he continued trying to convince members to defect from Muhammad. In 1970, Khaalis converted basketball star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, who was formerly known as Lew Alcindor. In 1971 Jabbar donated a $78,000 field stone mansion for Khaalis' headquarters in Washington, D.C.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Background
Police believed the continued efforts to convert people in New York to be a reason for the growing conflict between Sunni Muslims and Black Muslims, and may have contributed to the murders. In an interview Khaalis spoke of Malcolm X, "When Malcolm was killed I was teaching him the Sunni way," and "He used to come to my house on Long Island and we would sit in his car for hours. He would meet me after he left the temple. Never in public because he knew they were after him. He was saying the wrong things."


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Massacre
On January 12, 1973 several Black Mafia affiliates traveled to  Washington, D.C and scouted the home. Then on January 17, 1973, Ronald Harvey, John Clark, James "Bubbles" Price, John Griffin, Theodore Moody, William Christian, and Jerome Sinclair traveled in two vehicles from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Massacre
One of the men called claiming to be interested in purchasing literature about the Hanafi and arranged to come to the residence to purchase the literature. Two of them came to purchase material. Khaalis' son, Daud, left the room to get changed, and upon his return he was told, "This is a stick up." The two men then let five or six additional people into the residence.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Massacre
Daud was killed first. He was taken to the third floor and shot. Abdu Nur was shot in a bedroom. Bibi Khaalis, one of Hamaas' wives, was forced to watch them drown two of the children in an upstairs bathtub and she was also taken to the basement where she was forced to watch them drown her nine day old granddaughter in a sink. Then Bibi was bound, gagged, and shot eight times.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Massacre
Amina, Khaalis' daughter, was put in a closet and shot three times. She was told, "You know your father wrote those letters, don't you? Don't you know he can't do anything like that?" Unsure if she was dead, she was shot two more times, and then the gun jammed. Amina survived the shooting.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Massacre
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was a pallbearer at the funeral for Khaalis' children.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Trials
H. Price, 23, Jerome Sinclair, 22, also known as Jerome 5X; John W. Griffin, 28, also known as Omar Jamal; John W. Clark, 31; Thomas Moody, 20; and William Christian, 29, were indicted. They all had extensive police records and, with the exception of Christian, they all had served prison sentences at Holmesburg Prison.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Trials
Of the six defendants, one was acquitted when a key witness, Price, an unindicted co-conspirator, refused to testify. Price was not happy with the lifestyle afforded as a protected witness. Price also thought that if he could get out from the witness protection program he could reintegrate with his black Muslim brothers and they would stop threatening violence against him. Then Minister Louis Farrakhan on behalf of Elijah Muhammad, aired a threat during his radio broadcast:


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Trials
Let this be a warning to the opponents of Muhammad. Let this be a warning to those of you who would be used as an instrument of a wicked government against our rise. Be careful, because when the government is tired of using you, they're going to dump you back into the laps of your people. And although Elijah Muhammad is a merciful man and will say, "Come in," and forgive you, yet in the ranks of black people today there are younger men and women rising up who have no forgiveness in them for traitors and stool pigeons. And they will execute you as soon as your identity is known. Be careful because nothing shall prevent the rise of the messiah, The Nation of Islam, and the black man the world over.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Trials
This broadcast led Price to refuse to testify. He was later murdered in Holmesburg prison, where he was housed with other Black Muslims.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Trials
Another defendant was granted a retrial after the jury had found him guilty, which ended in a mistrial because Amina Khaalis, a survivor of the massacre and the daughter of the Hanafi leader, refused to be cross-examined as she had "suffered irreparable psychological trauma" and it was thought that it was "highly probable" that she would suffer psychiatric injury if she were to testify again about the murders.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Trials
One of the men indicted, Ronald Harvey, was also indicted for the Camden, New Jersey murder of Major Coxson, a flamboyant black businessman and unsuccessful candidate for mayor of Camden.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Aftermath
In 1977, Hamaas Abdul Khaalis led an attack in Washington, D.C., the 1977 Hanafi Siege. He said that the purpose of the siege was to bring attention to the murders of his wife, two children, and nine-day-old grandchild, and the shooting of his daughter.


1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre, Aftermath
The murder brought attention to the armed conflict between Sunni Muslims and Nation of Islam Muslims. Sunni Muslims believe Nation of Islam Muslims changed the doctrines of Islam by excluding whites and by accepting Elijah Muhammad as a messenger of Allah. Sunnis believe that Islam is color-blind and that whites can become Muslim. They also believe that Muhammad was the last messenger of Allah.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000
The 1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000 was the 14th running of the Bathurst 1000 touring car race. This was the first race to be held under the new metricised distance of 1000 kilometres, rather than the 500 miles previously contested. It was held on 30 September 1973 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst. The race was open to cars eligible to the locally developed CAMS Group C touring car regulations with four engine capacity based classes and it was the 3rd round of the 1973 Australian Manufacturers' Championship.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000
Allan Moffat claimed his third win in the event and the long-awaited first win for Ian Geoghegan driving a Ford Falcon GT. It was also the seventh and final win for the factory Ford Australia racing team. Peter Brock and Doug Chivas dropped from contention after their Holden Torana ran out of fuel, forcing Chivas to push the car uphill along the pit lane to make it to the Holden Dealer Team pit bay. Brock and Chivas finished on the same lap as Moffat and Ian Geoghegan, ahead of their teammates Colin Bond and Leo Geoghegan, also on the same lap, in third position.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Class structure, Class A
The smallest class was for under 1300cc engine capacity. It was made up of Datsun 1200, Fiat 128, Honda Civic, Morris Cooper S and Renault R8.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Class structure, Class B
The under two litre class saw a mix of Alfa Romeo GTV 2000, Datsun 180B, Ford Escort, Mazda RX-3 and Subaru 1400 GSR.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Class structure, Class C
The under three litre class featured 2.8 litre Holden Torana and Mazda RX-2.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Class structure, Class D
For cars over three litres of engine capacity, the class consisted of Chrysler Valiant Charger, Ford Falcon, Holden Monaro and the larger engined Toranas.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Pole sitter Goss got off to a great start leading the Falcons of Moffat, French and Gibson from Brock's Torana. Gibson went out early with engine trouble and French made an unscheduled stop. This left Goss to make his first stop on lap 43 with a 40 second lead over Moffat and Brock, the later pair hardly separated by more than a few seconds until Moffat spun at Griffins on lap 44, losing about 20 seconds before making his first stop on lap 45 where he handed over to Geoghegan.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Brock stopped on lap 54 and handed the car over to Chivas, whom they hoped could run the car long enough to only make one more pitstop in the race and one less than the Falcons, despite Brock reporting that the fuel gauge on the car had failed. Bond momentarily took the lead of the race until making his stop on lap 61, well past a third distance proving that the Torana could do the race on just two stops.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Despite Moffat's spin and the Torana having a minute shorter pitstop than the Falcon, Geoghegan made up the difference to Chivas - taking second place from brother Leo Geoghegan (driving with Bond) and then retaking the lead of the race on lap 78. Bartlett (driving with early leader Goss) pitted on the same lap but Goss would be involved in a collision with Garth's overturned Torana and pitted for repairs on lap 105 putting them out of contention. Geoghegan was able to build a lead over Chivas before stopping and handing the car back to Moffat.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Chivas held a 1'40" advantage over Moffat some time after the stop and was given the instruction from his pit board to "get max laps" only to run out of fuel on the top of the mountain and coast back to the pit entry. However, with the start of pitlane being uphill Chivas had to climb out and push the car, he also had to do this unassisted on penalty of disqualification until he himself had gotten the car far enough for his team to be allowed to assist. Moffat and Leo Geoghegan both passed Chivas as he strained to slowly push the car against the gradient after a long stint at the wheel.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Moffat made his final stop on lap 123 of just 1'24", which was over a minute faster than his first, and was able to resume still leading Bond's Torana and cruise home to victory, the only danger being the #35 Mazda RX-2 rolling over ahead of him on his final lap. Any chance of Brock putting pressure back on Moffat was thwarted by the need to make a 15 second stop for more fuel on lap 147.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
He did however regain second place when Bond's left rear tyre blew across the top and he had to make an unscheduled stop of 30 seconds. Brock would have his own tyre failure with the right rear blowing out on the final lap but he continued to the finish at pace knowing the car only had to survive the remainder of that lap.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Although the best surviving highlight reel of the day available now clearly promotes the narrative of a certain Holden victory being lost due to miscalculation (Chivas running out of fuel) this is questionable at best with the benefit of hindsight (the film is credited to General Motors and their sponsors at the time).


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Clearly Moffat slowed significantly when no longer challenged for the race lead, so while it is possible he may have had his own trouble if pressed harder, it is certainly a hollow claim that because Brock and Chivas were able to finish within a lap of Moffat and Geoghegan despite running out of fuel they lost a certain race win. The race pace of the Torana's may have been compromised by trying to run to only two stops with Geoghegan able to make up about two and a quarter minutes over Chivas in his stint alone.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Brock was the only driver to not haemorrhage time to the race winner but never got close to achieving the fuel economy required for his strategy to work, falling short on both his stints by as much as 16 laps. Brock obviously would have had to slow significantly more to complete the required laps. The real victim of this narrative is the incredible effort by John Goss not being a bigger part of the story.


1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000, Race
Despite Goss building his race car in his spare time he was able to take pole position, set a new lap record and lead the factory entered cars by 40 seconds at his first pitstop. If not for some small exhaust issue, and a collision with a car that had illegally re-joined the race (after being towed), the 1973 Hardie-Ferodo 1000 may well have been celebrated as a Goss/Bartlett victory in the David versus Goliath style.


1973 Hardy Cup
The 1973 Hardy Cup was the 1973 edition of the Canadian intermediate senior ice hockey championship.


1973 Hardy Cup, Final
Winning RosterJim AndrewDoug BrittonArt Coleman (asst. manager)Vic ComeauJohn DaltonPhil DoironBlair ForsytheNorm GuimondAlfie HandrahanBob HolderJohn JarvisWayne JohnsonRay LapointeLincoln MacKenzieDoug MacPhee (coach)Gary MarshGary McGrawTony McGuireDave NicholsonEarl RiceBill SmallGerard SmithWayne TaylorBarry SmithJack Woodhouse (manager)


1973 Harlow District Council election
The 1973 Harlow District Council election were the first elections to the newly created Harlow District Council took place on 7 June 1973 . This was on the same day as other local elections. The Local Government Act 1972 stipulated that the elected members were to shadow and eventually take over from the predecessor corporation on 1 April 1974. The election resulted in Labour gaining control of the council.


1973 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1973 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. They were led by third-year head coach Joseph Restic and played in the Ivy League.


1973 Hawaii Rainbows football team
The 1973 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa as an independent during the 1973 NCAA Division II football season. In their sixth season under head coach Dave Holmes, the Rainbows compiled a 9–2 record.


1973 Hawkesbury state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Hawkesbury on Saturday, 17 February 1973. It was triggered by the resignation of Bernie Deane (Liberal).


1973 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1973 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 49th season in the Victorian Football League and 72nd overall.


1973 High Peak Borough Council election
The first elections to High Peak Borough Council in Derbyshire, England were held in 1973. The Borough Council was formed by absorbing the municipal boroughs of Buxton and Glossop, the urban districts of New Mills and Whaley Bridge, and the rural districts of Chapel-en-le-Frith and Tintwistle.


1973 High Peak Borough Council election
As it was a new borough, all of the council was up for election. No party got an overall majority of councillors, meaning that the council became no overall control.


1973 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1973 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. Ed Doherty returned for his third year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 5–6.


1973 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
All home games were played at Fitton Field on the Holy Cross campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1973 Honduran Segunda División
The 1973 Honduran Segunda División was the seventh season of the Honduran Segunda División. Under the management of Alfonso Uclés, C.D. Federal won the tournament after defeating San Pedro in the final series and obtained promotion to the 1974–75 Honduran Liga Nacional.


1973 Hong Kong municipal election
The 1973 Urban Council election was held on 7 March 1973 for the 7 of the 12 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong.


1973 Hong Kong municipal election
Two new elected seats were created in the election. 8,675 eligible voters cast their votes, the turnout rate was 27.64%. The Reform Club of Hong Kong won four of the seven seats and the Hong Kong Civic Association won the other three. Candidates from the Reform Club, Tsin Sai-nin and Patrick Wong won the two new seats, with Wong Pun-cheuk secured the last seat of two-year term, different from the rest of the four-year terms seats. Tsin and Wong later resigned from the Reform Club in 1974.


1973 Horsham District Council election
The 1973 Horsham District Council election was the first ever for the council and took place on 7 June 1973 to elect members of Horsham District Council in England. It was held on the same day as other local elections. Independent councillors secured a majority of two with 23 seats, the Conservatives won 17 and the Liberal Party won 2. Labour also took part in the elections, fielding candidates in Horsham South & Horsham North only. The Liberal Party were successful in Broadbridge Heath and they were able to secure a seat in Storrington.


1973 Horsham District Council election
The Conservative Party achieved good results in some rural areas but they were able to win the vast amount of their seats in the town. Independent councillors won a majority of seats in the villages in the district, sometimes unopposed, some later stood as a Conservative candidate three years later in the next set of elections for the Council.


1973 Houston Astros season
The 1973 Houston Astros season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the National League West with a record of 82–80, 17 games behind the Cincinnati Reds.


1973 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1973 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1973 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1973 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1973 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1973 Houston Cougars football team
The 1973 Houston Cougars football team, also known as the Houston Cougars, Houston, or UH, represented the University of Houston in the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. It was the 28th year of season play for Houston. The team was coached by 12th-year head coach Bill Yeoman who was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2001. The team played its home games in the Astrodome, a 50,000-person capacity stadium off-campus in Houston at the Astrodomain. Houston competed as a member of the NCAA in the University Division, independent of any athletic conference.


1973 Houston Cougars football team
It was their fourteenth year of doing so. The Cougars had been admitted to the Southwest Conference two years prior, but were ineligible for conference play until the 1976 season. After completion of the regular season, the Cougars were invited to the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl where they defeated the  Tulane Green Wave.


1973 Houston Oilers season
The 1973 Houston Oilers season was their fourth season in the National Football League and their 14th in competition overall. The team matched their previous season’s output of 1–13, and they missed the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season. Their eighteen consecutive losses after winning the third game in 1972 was an NFL record beaten only by the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1976 and 1977 and the Detroit Lions from the last game of 2007 until the third game of 2009, including their 0–16 season of 2008.


1973 Houston Oilers season
Coach Bill Peterson left the team after an 0–5 start, and was replaced by coaching veteran Sid Gillman, who went 1–8 to finish the season. Peterson finished his NFL coaching career with a 1-18 record. The one win is the fewest for any head coach in NFL history. The Oilers’ offense struggled in 1973, ranking last in rushing yards (1388), second worst in yards per play (3.9), and third-worst in both total yards (3307) and first downs (tied at 193).


1973 Houston Oilers season
The 1973 Oilers had one of the worst defenses of all time, statistically; they gave up 447 points during the season, the most ever for a 14-game season in the merger era (1970–1977). Only three teams gave up more points in a 14-game season: the 1966 Giants, the 1963 Broncos, and the 1961 Raiders. Their point-differential of −248 points was the worst in the league that year, and remains one of the ten worst in NFL history. (The second-worst team, the Philadelphia Eagles, gave up 393 points, or 3.8 fewer points per game.) Houston also gave up a league-high 26 touchdown passes in 1973.


1973 Houston Oilers season
They are also the most recent franchise in the NFL to have back-to-back one-win seasons; in fact since 1974 not a single NFL franchise again suffered multiple one- or no-win seasons in a non-strike season, until the Cleveland Browns did so in 2016 and 2017. Since the NFL developed a uniform schedule in 1936, the only other time a franchise has had back-to-back one-win seasons has been the 1949 and 1950 Baltimore Colts.


1973 Hove by-election
The Hove by-election was held on 8 November 1973 for the British House of Commons constituency of Hove in East Sussex.


1973 Hove by-election
The by-election was caused by the death of Conservative Party Member of Parliament Martin Maddan.


1973 Hove by-election
Hove was a safe Conservative seat, having been held by the party since its creation for the 1950 general election. At the 1970 general election, the Conservatives had won over two-thirds of the votes cast.


1973 Hove by-election
The Conservative candidate was Tim Sainsbury, a member of the board of supermarket chain J Sainsbury plc. Former Labour Party MP Desmond Donnelly was unsuccessful in getting the Conservative nomination.


1973 Hove by-election
Labour, who had put up the only other candidate in 1970, stood Ronald Wallis. The Liberal Party, who had not stood a candidate in 1970, but had won 16% of the vote in 1966, stood New Zealand-born Des Wilson, one of the founders of Shelter.


1973 Hove by-election
Two other candidates stood. The far right National Front stood John Harrison-Broadley, a former Royal Air Force Squadron Leader and bobsleigh champion, while the Maoist Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) stood Carole Reakes.


1973 Hove by-election, Results
Sainsbury held the seat for the Conservatives, although the party now gained less than half of the votes cast. This was largely due to a strong result for Wilson, who took the Liberals into second place, while the Labour vote fell sharply; Labour in fact lost their deposit.


1973 Hove by-election, Results
Sainsbury held the seat until he stood down at the 1997 general election. Wilson became the Vice Chair of the Liberal Party, and later the Campaign Director for the Liberal Democrats at the 1992 general election.


1973 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1973 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State University during the 1973 NCAA Division II football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1973 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1973 Lumberjacks were led by eighth-year head coach Bud Van Deren. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of two wins, six losses and two ties (2–6–2, 1–4 FWC). The Lumberjacks were outscored by their opponents 123–212 for the season.


1973 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL
The following Humboldt State players were selected in the 1974 NFL Draft.


1973 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL
The following finished their college career in 1973, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Waregem, Belgium, at the Hippodroom Waregem on March 17, 1973. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
Complete results for men, junior men,  women, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 286 athletes from 21 countries.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race
The Junior men's race at the 1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Waregem, Belgium, at the Hippodroom Waregem on March 17, 1973. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race
Complete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 55 athletes from 12 countries in the Junior men's race. This is in agreement with the official numbers as published.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
The Senior men's race at the 1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Waregem, Belgium, at the Hippodroom Waregem on March 17, 1973. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
Complete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 156 athletes from 19 countries in the Senior men's race, one athlete less than the official number published.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Waregem, Belgium, at the Hippodroom Waregem on March 17, 1973. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
Complete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 75 athletes from 16 countries in the Senior women's race. This is in agreement with the official numbers as published.


1973 IAAF World Race Walking Cup
The 1973 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held in Lugano, Switzerland, on October 12–13, 1973. The event was also known as Lugano Trophy.


1973 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, Results, Team
The team rankings, named Lugano Trophy, combined the 20km and 50km events team results.


1973 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, Participation
The participation of 68 athletes from 9 countries is reported.


1973 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, Qualifying Rounds
From 1961 to 1985 there were qualifying rounds with the first two winners proceeding to the final. This year, the German Democratic Republic, the Soviet Union, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, and Canada proceeded directly to the final.


1973 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1973 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Muotathal, Switzerland under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 13th edition. A record nine nations won medals at the championships.


1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Tampere, Finland.


1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.


1973 IIHF European U19 Championship
The 1973 IIHF European U19 Championship was the sixth playing of the IIHF European Junior Championships.


1973 IMSA GT Championship
The 1973 Camel GT season was the 3rd season of the IMSA GT Championship auto racing series. It was for Grand Tourer-style racing cars which ran in the GTO and GTU classes, as well as former Trans Am Series cars in the TO and TU classes. It began March 24, 1973, and ended November 25, 1973, after ten rounds. This year marked the decline of Trans Am and the beginning of it and IMSA GT becoming nigh indistinguishable.


1973 IMSA GT Championship, Schedule
Some events were run twice, with each running counting as one round.