1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Motorcycles
The factory had entered 10 riders for the 1971 Daytona race. A new specification machine had been developed. At Percy Tait's suggestion Rob North had built a new frame for the triples changing the steering head angle angle by 2 degrees to 28 degrees. Shorter forks were fitted, the engine moved forwards and upwards by 40 mm to put more load on the front wheel and increase ground clearance. This shortened the wheel base and a longer swing arm fitted to compensate. This was known as the lowboy frame. The engines were also modified to produce slightly more power. Disc brakes were fitted to the front wheel. Only four of the new machines were available which were allocated to Gene Romero, Paul Smart, Dick Mann and Mike Hailwood. Mann won the race with BSA/Triumph taking the top three places.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Motorcycles
The machines were airfreighted in from Daytona and Smart and Hailwood's bikes converted to short-circuit specification.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Motorcycles
Smart used his Daytona bike for the matches, Ray Pickrell used Hailwood's Daytona machine and the other three members of the British team had new "lowboy" machines. Mann used his lowboy Daytona machine and Gary Nixon Romero's machine. The rest of the American team used the older spec machines, although, with the exception of Jim Rice's machine, they had been fitted with disc brakes. All the American machines were fitted with the larger Daytona tank and seat.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Motorcycles
The disparity between the two teams' bikes led to claims that the Americans were disadvantaged. Don Emde is quoted as saying “We got beaten so badly that it was close to an ambush situation, but we gave it a good shot, and if we had all been on the same bikes as Pickrell, Smart and Cooper, it would have been closer."


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Races, Brands Hatch
The race started on a damp but drying track. Pickrell took the lead from the start and led the whole race. Smart had a slow start as he was still adjusting his helmet when the flag dropped, but recovered to take second place. Mann was the highest placed American in third place. Cooper seemed to be struggling, possible due to a recent injury, and finished last.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Races, Brands Hatch
Pickrell soon took the lead and maintained it to the finish, equalling Phil Read's lap record in the process. Smart was again second. Americans Castro and Mann finished third and fourth.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Races, Mallory Park
Castro took the lead from the start but slid on oil and several riders passed him. Tait slid off at the hairpin and a lap later Smart did the same, breaking a finger. Castro retired with a broken conrod. Pickrell made it a hat-trick of wins, with Cooper, who had recovered some form, second. Mann finished third and Jefferies fourth.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Races, Mallory Park
Jefferies had wrecked his bike whilst taking part in the "Unlimited" race that was also on the programme, so only 9 riders took the start for the second match race. Tait retired with engine problems giving Smart the win and Pickerell second. Cooper finished third and equalled the Hailwood's lap record that had been set on a works Honda RC166 six.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Races, Oulton Park
Emde and Castro got good starts and led the pack away only to be passed by Smart by the end of the first lap. As the race progressed Pickrell, Cooper and Mann passed the pair. Castro fell off on the last lap but remounted and finished last.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Races, Oulton Park
Mann took the lead from the start but was passed by Smart on lap 2. Mann defended successfully against Cooper and Pickrell to retain second place. Pickrell came off in the closing stages of the race.


1971 Anglo-American Match Races, Races, Results
Britain won all three rounds and the series 183 points to 137 points. Ray Pickrell and Paul Smart won three races each and were joint top individual scorers with American Dick Mann third.


1971 Anglo-Italian Cup
The 1971 Anglo-Italian Cup was the second staging of the annual association football tournament. It featured twelve teams — six from England and six from Italy.


1971 Anglo-Italian Cup
The competition started on 26 May 1971  and concluded on 12 June 1971 with Blackpool beating Bologna 2–1 in the final.


1971 Anglo-Italian Cup, Details
The twelve teams were divided into three groups of four teams — two from England and two from Italy. Each team plays the two foreign teams twice, home and away. The teams are then ranked against teams in their own country in a league, and the top-ranked teams from each country play off in a final for the trophy.


1971 Anglo-Italian Cup, Final rankings
Total points are determined by points gained plus goals scored. (NB: two points for a win).


1971 Antiguan general election
General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 11 February 1971. They were won by the Progressive Labour Movement. PLM leader George Walter was elected Premier of Antigua, defeating the incumbent Premier Vere Bird of the Antigua Labour Party. The PLM was founded in 1967 after a split in the leadership of the Antigua Trades and Labour Union; this was its first election, as well as its first and only electoral victory.


1971 Antiguan general election
The 1971 election marked the first change of government in the history of Antigua and Barbuda. It was the first election held in the territory since its creation as a West Indies Associated State in 1967 and the end of its period under British colonial rule. Voter turnout was 56.4%.


1971 Aral smallpox incident
The Aral smallpox incident was a 30 July 1971 outbreak of the viral disease which occurred as a result of a field test at a Soviet biological weapons (BW) facility on an island in the Aral Sea. The incident sickened ten people, of whom three died, and came to widespread public notice only in 2002.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, Background
In 1954, an existing biological weapons test site originally constructed on Vozrozhdeniya Island in the Aral Sea in 1948 was greatly expanded by the Soviet Ministry of Defence, including to the neighboring Komsomolskiy Island, and named Aralsk-7. A field scientific research laboratory to conduct biological experiments was expanded, and the town of Kantubek was constructed to house employees and scientists. Bio-agents tested there included Bacillus anthracis, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Brucella suis, Rickettsia prowazekii, Variola major (smallpox), Yersinia pestis, botulinum toxin, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. (By 1960, the Soviet biological weapons program also included numerous other research and operational facilities throughout the country.) Aralsk-7 had a history of association with mass deaths of fish, various regional plague outbreaks, a saiga antelope die-off, and individual cases of infectious disease among visitors to Vozrozhdeniya Island.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, Background
After the Soviet Union ceased to exist, the island became joint territory of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, The incident
According to Soviet General Pyotr Burgasov (Peter Burgasov), field testing of 400 grams of smallpox at Aralsk-7 caused an outbreak on 30 July 1971. Burgasov, former Chief Sanitary Physician of the Soviet Army, former Soviet Vice-Minister of Health and a senior researcher within the Soviet BW program, described the incident:


1971 Aral smallpox incident, The incident
On Vozrozhdeniya Island in the Aral Sea, the strongest recipes of smallpox were tested. Suddenly I was informed that there were mysterious cases of mortalities in Aralsk (Aral). A research ship [the Lev Berg] of the Aral fleet came to within 15 km of the island (it was forbidden to come any closer than 40 km). The lab technician of this ship took samples of plankton twice a day from the top deck. The smallpox formulation—400 gr. of which was exploded on the island—"got her" and she became infected. After returning home to Aralsk, she infected several people including children.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, The incident
All of them died. I suspected the reason for this and called the Chief of General Staff of Ministry of Defense and requested to forbid the stop of the Alma-Ata-Moscow train in Aralsk. As a result, the epidemic around the country was prevented. I called [future Soviet General Secretary Yuri] Andropov, who at that time was Chief of KGB, and informed him of the exclusive recipe of smallpox obtained on Vozrazhdenie Island.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, The incident
There is a contending belief that the disease actually spread to the Lev Berg from Uyaly or Komsomolsk-on-Ustyurt, two cities in what is now Uzbekistan where the ship docked.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, The incident
The incident caused ten individuals to contract smallpox and three unvaccinated individuals (a woman and two children) died from the haemorrhagic form of the disease. One crew member of the Lev Berg contracted smallpox as the ship passed within 15 km (9 miles) of the island. This crew member became ill on 6 August with fever, headache, and myalgia. The ship then landed in the port city of Aral on 11 August. The ill crew member returned to her home, and she developed a cough and temperature exceeding 38.9 °C (102 °F). Her physician prescribed antibiotics and aspirin. Although she was previously vaccinated for smallpox, a rash subsequently appeared on her back, face, and scalp; her fever subsided; and she recovered by 15 August. On 27 August this patient's 9-year-old brother developed a rash and fever, his pediatrician prescribed tetracycline and aspirin, and he recovered.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, The incident
During the following three weeks, eight additional cases of fever and rash occurred in Aral. Five adults ranging in age from 23 to 60, and three children (4 and 9 months old, and a 5-year-old) were diagnosed with smallpox both clinically and by laboratory testing. These children and the 23-year-old were previously unvaccinated. The two youngest children and the 23-year-old subsequently developed the haemorrhagic form of smallpox and died. The remaining individuals had previously been vaccinated, and all recovered after having an attenuated form of the disease.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, The incident
The high ratio of haemorrhagic smallpox cases in this outbreak, combined with the rate of infectivity and the testimony of General Burgasov, has led to the understanding that an enhanced weaponized strain of smallpox virus was released from Aralsk-7 in 1971.


1971 Aral smallpox incident, Response
A massive public health response to the smallpox cases in Aral ensued once the disease was recognized. In less than two weeks, approximately 50,000 residents of Aral were vaccinated. Household quarantine of potentially exposed individuals was enacted, and hundreds were isolated in a makeshift facility at the edge of the city. All traffic in and out of the city was stopped, and approximately 5.000 sq. meter (54.000 sq. ft.) of living space and 18 metric tons of household goods were incinerated by health officials.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa
The 1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa  was a series of 14 matches played by the Argentina national rugby union team in June and July 1971.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa
It was the second tour of Argentinian team in South Africa, six year after the 1965 tour .


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa
The "Pumas" didn't play against Springboks (playing meanwhile in Australia, but against the Gazelles, the selection of emerging young players.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa
Originally was scheduled also a match in Rhodesia, but it was cancelled after a prohibition of Argentine government.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
South East Transvall: M.de Pager; B.Strydom, J.Killitan, S.Breytenbach, K.Ferreira; K.Nel, J.Van Zyl; O.Du Preez, L.Luus, J.de Lange; L.Van der Merwe, K.Venter; S.Du Tand, H.Steenkamp (capt. ), J.Taljaard. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, R.Matarazzo, A.Travaglini, M.Walther; H.Méndez, G.Blacksley; R.Foster, R.Handley, L.García Yáñez; B.Otaño, A.Anthony; M.Morgan, H.Silva (capt. ), N.Carbone.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Eastern Orange Free State: G.Kotze: M.Van Rensburg, K.Wessel, P.Pultney, J.Visagie; D.Fourie, Pultney; R.Simes, J.Mintz, T.Human; G.Jordany K.Scheespers; C.Betern, J.Bell, T.Lyell. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, J.Walther, A.Travaglini, M.Walther, H.Méndez, A.Etchegaray; R.Foster, R.Handley, H.Incola: N.Carbone, B.Otaño; A.Anthony, H.Silva (capt. ), J.Wittman.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Northern Universities: O.de Meyer; A.Millar, D.van Wyk, B.Grace, Ch.Parker; D.Gradwell, J.Osthuizen; R.Portgieter, K.Resnick (capt. ), N.Bezuidenbout; P.Bezuidenbout, T.Bernard; P.Du Pleussis, J.Stofberg, B.Bernardo. Argentina:D.Morgan; E.Morgan, A.Rodríguez Jurado, A.Travaglini, M.Walther; T.Harris-Smith, A.Etchegaray; R.Foster, R.Handley, L.García Yáñez; A.Anthony B.Otaño; N.Carbone, H.Silva (capt. ), M.Morgan.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
South African Colleges: J.Sauerman; G.Germisius, J.Croftd-Jones, J.de Vos, Jan Pretorius; C.Classen, B.Wolmarans; R.van der Merwe, J.Wagenaer, R.Marchant; C.Knoetze, P.Clarke; J.Joubert, J.Kleingeld, M.Kocket. Argentina:R.Espagnol; M.Pascual, A.Rodríguez Jurado, J.Walther, A.Travaglini; T.Harris-Smith, G.Blaksley; H.Incola, J.Constante, R.Foster, A.Anthony, B.Otaño; H.Miguens, H.Silva (capt. ), J.Wittman.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Natal: M.Swanby; R.Pitcher, R.Greyling, P.de Lange, M.Warner; T.Mehrtens, C.Hola; T.Dannahauser, J.Krotzingery R.Steyn (capt. ); M.Van Rensburg, M.Mckenzie; F.Jackson, S.Labuschagno, D.Van der Berg. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, R.Matarazzo, A.Travaglini, J.Walther; R.Espagnol, G.Blaksley; J.Wittman, H.Silva (capt. ), N.Carbone; A.Anthony, B.Otaño; R.Foster, R.Handley, H.Incola.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Northern Orange Free State: J.Louw; F.Aucamp; B.Harris, D.Boytma, W.Armes; F.Froneman; J.van Eevter; H.Boerseun Roux, W.Potgieter; E.Kapp, J.Vandenberg; H.Fourie.B.Colette, J.Tredoux. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, J.Walther, R.Matarazzo, E.Morgan; R.Espagnol ya.Etchegaray; M.Morgan, H.Silva (capt. ), J.Wittman; A.Anthony, J.Fernández; A.Orzábal, R.Handley, L.García Yáñez


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Gazelles: J.van Deventer; T.Du Toit, A.Swartz, A.van Staden, L.Vogel; J.Barnard, C.Hola; B.Neetling, J.Wagenaar, R.Potgieter; J.Jamneck, J.van Aswegen; M.van Resnburg, P.vanDeventer, C.Grobler. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, R.Matarazzo, A.Rodríguez Jurado, A.Travaglini; R.Espagnol, G.Blaksley; H.Silva (capt. ), J.Wittman, N.Carbone; B.Otaño, A.Anthony; R.Foster, R.Handley, L.García Yáñez.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
South Western Districts: G.Kok; J.Bester, F.Stander, F.van Zyl, H.Faricius; S.de Oplesis, S.Bradley; P.Carstens, H.Vester, L.Du Toit; T.van der Westhuizen, J.Swec, C.Pretorius, S.Jonker. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Walther, A.Travaglini, A.Rodríguez Jurado, M.Pascual; T.Harris-Smith, A.Etchegaray; R.Foster, J.Constante, H.Incola; M.Morgan, B.Otaño; L.García Yáñez, H.Silva (capt. ), J.Wittman.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
South Africa CD: A.Joubet; O.Fourie, B.Swartz, K.Walkdeck, P.Ackerman; L.Gerber, F.Duplessis; D.van der Merwe, D.Slabbert, D.Coleshan; B.Stander, K.Engelbrecht; J.Kritzinger, B.Jamneck, D.Vorster. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, A.Travaglini, A.Rodríguez Jurado, M.Walther; T.Harris-Smith, A.Etchegaray; H.Silva (capt. ), M.Morgan, J.Wittman; A.Anthony, B.Otaño; R.Foster, R.Handley, L.García Yáñez.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Southern Universities: R.Carlson; P.Berning, J.Snyman, J.van der Merwe, J.Engelbrecht (capt. ); J.Nel, F.de Villiers; R.Bryant, B.Butler, R.Stader; J.Le Roux, G.Watt; F.Burger, B.Cohetes, P.Le Roux. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, A.Travaglini, J.Walther, M.Walther; T.Harris-Smith, A.Etchegaray, H.Silva (capt. ), M.Morgan, J.Wittman; A.Anthony, B.Otaño; R.Foster, R.Handley, L.García Yáñez


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
North west Cape: Ch.Husamen; P.Maas, K.de Jong, J.Kotze, A.van Tonder; L.Harvey, T.van Zyl; N.De Pager; D.Herman, T.Kamfer; J.Niewoudt, H.Engelbrech (capt. ); M.Vincent, V.Hanekom, B.Young.Argentina:H.Silva (capt. ); E.Morgan, G.Blacksley, J.Wittman, N.Carbone; A. Anthony, J.Fernández; H.Incola, U.Constante, R.Foster.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Walther, A.Rodríguez Jurado, G.Blacksley, N.Pérez; R.Espagnol, A.Etchegaray; N.Carbone, H.Miguens, M.Morgan; J.Fernández, A.Orzábal; H.Incola, J.Constante, L.García Yáñez


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Gazelles: J.van Deventer; D.Svodoba, R.Swartz, T.Symons, A.Leter; D.Svodoba, R.Holm; T.Neetling (capt. ), J.Wagenaar, D.Coleshaw; P.van Devente, J.van Aswegen; M.van Rensburg, K.van Dyck, K.Grobler. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Walther, A.Rodríguez Jurado, A.Travaglini, M.Pascual; T.Harris, A.Etchegaray; H.Silva (capt. ), J.Wittman, M.Morgan; A.Anthony, J.Fernández; R.Foster, R.Handley, H.Incola.


1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa, Matches
Griqualand West: T.Smith; O.Fourie, B.Swartz, K.Waldeck, J.Lategan; P.Visagie, J.Viljoen; B.Fourie, D.Slabbert, S.Nel; P.Smith, J.Theron; V.Schnetler, P.van Deventer, D.Vorster. Argentina:D.Morgan; M.Pascual, A.Travaglini, R.Matarazzo, M.Walther; T.Harris-Smith, A.Etchegaray; H.Silva (capt. ), H.Miguens, J.Wittman; B.Otaño, L.García Yáñez; R.Foster, R.Handley, H.Incola


1971 Argentine Grand Prix
The 1971 Argentine Grand Prix was a motor race consisting of a Formula One class and a Formula 5000 class, held at the Buenos Aires circuit in Buenos Aires on 24 January 1971. The Formula One class was not part of the FIA Formula One World Championship.


1971 Argentine Grand Prix
This event was held because at that time the FIA regulations required a demonstration race to be held as a quality check, before a Grand Prix could be admitted as part of the World Championship. The race was run over two heats of 50 laps each, the final results being an aggregate of the two.


1971 Argentine Grand Prix
Scuderia Ferrari had entered three cars for this event, but they were withdrawn after the fatal accident suffered by Ignazio Giunti in a sports car race two weeks previously. Jean-Pierre Beltoise was also involved in that accident, and as a consequence had his international license suspended, and was unable to compete.


1971 Argentine Grand Prix, Heat one
Rolf Stommelen won the first heat, leading from the start, from Jo Siffert in second place. Siffert had held off the rest of the field, with Chris Amon passing Reine Wisell before duelling with Henri Pescarolo for third place. The Frenchman won this battle to take third at the finish, with Amon, Wisell and Carlos Reutemann rounding out the top six. Emerson Fittipaldi lost a nose fin and had to pit for a new one, losing three laps. He eventually finished 10th. The retirements were all F5000 cars, namely Jo Bonnier's Lola, which pulled off with a flat battery, and Marincovich's McLaren and Garcia-Veiga's Surtees, which both suffered mechanical failures. Wisell posted the fastest lap.


1971 Argentine Grand Prix, Heat two
The grid for heat two was decided by the finishing order from the first heat, with Greg Young taking over Marincovich's car. At the start, Siffert pulled away from Stommelen to take the lead. Amon quickly passed Reutemann and Pescarolo to move into third place, but he caught Stommelen just as the German was trying to pass Siffert. Amon and Stommelen collided and Stommelen's Surtees went off the track, causing gearbox damage which soon proved to be terminal. Shortly afterwards, Amon passed Siffert for the lead.


1971 Argentine Grand Prix, Heat two
During the next two laps, Siffert was also passed by Pescarolo, Reutemann, Derek Bell's March and Wilson Fittipaldi's Lotus. Wisell pitted with handling problems, and Silvio Moser finally started the race after extensive engine work being performed in the pits, meaning he missed the start. Wilson Fittipaldi then retired on lap 21 with engine failure, and Wisell and Moser also retired. Bell passed Reutemann but retired after that with another engine failure. Siffert had also retired his March with broken suspension. Amon won the heat by 22 seconds from Pescarolo, and this margin gave him the overall victory, his only win of the season. He also posted the fastest lap of the heat, which was the overall fastest lap.


1971 Argentine Grand Prix, Classification
Note: the classification was determined using the sum of the times obtained in the two heats.


1971 Argentine Primera División
The 1971 Primera División season was the 80th season of top-flight football in Argentina, with Independiente (10th title) winning the Metropolitano and  Rosario Central (1st title) winning the Nacional championship.


1971 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The 1971 Arizona State Sun Devils football team represented Arizona State University in the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. The offense scored 462 points while the defense allowed 201 points. Led by head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils won the Fiesta Bowl.


1971 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, 1972 NFL Draft
The following players were claimed in the 1972 NFL Draft.


1971 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1971 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Bob Weber, the Wildcats compiled a 5–6 record (3–3 against WAC opponents), finished in third place in the WAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 232 to 191. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.


1971 Arizona Wildcats football team
The team's statistical leaders included Bill Demory with 1,384 passing yards, Bob McCall with 525 rushing yards, and Charlie McKee with 854 receiving yards.


1971 Arizona Wildcats football team
This was the first season in which Arizona played eleven regular season games, as the WAC announced plans to expand the regular season.


1971 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Washington State
Arizona started the season strong with a win over Washington State and won their first road game since 1968, when they defeated Utah, and breaking a nine-game road losing streak dating back to that season.


1971 Arizona Wildcats football team, Game summaries, Arizona State
In the season finale at Arizona State, the Wildcats never stood a chance against the Sun Devils, and were shut out. As of 2021, this remains Arizona State's most recent shutout victory over the Wildcats in Tempe.


1971 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1971 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. In their 14th year under head coach Frank Broyles, the Razorbacks compiled an 8–3–1 record (5–1–1 against SWC opponents), finished in second place behind Texas in the SWC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 356 to 169. The team finished the season ranked #16 in the final AP Poll and #20 in the final UPI Coaches Poll and went on to lose the 1971 Liberty Bowl to Tennessee by a 14–13 score.


1971 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The Razorbacks assumed the driver's seat for their first trip to the Cotton Bowl Classic since 1965 following a 31-7 rout of archrival Texas in Little Rock, but followed that by losing at home to Texas A&M and tying lowly Rice on the road, allowing the Longhorns to regain the Southwest Conference lead and go on to their fourth consecutive conference championship.


1971 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
Kicker Bill McClard was an All American. McClard also averaged 6.5 points per game, the seventh best average nationally. Razorback quarterback Joe Ferguson was eighth in the nation in completions per game, with 14.5. Mike Reppond averaged 5.6 receptions per game, the fourth highest average during 1971. As an offense, Arkansas averaged 211.5 yards per game, the highest in the SWC, and eighth-highest in college football. Arkansas was seventh in total offense, with a total of 4898 yards over 11 games.


1971 Arkansas Razorbacks football team, Liberty Bowl
The 1971 Liberty Bowl matched up Arkansas with Tennessee. The Volunteers took the lead first, with a two-yard run by Bill Rudder. The Hogs responded with a 36-yard TD strike from Joe Ferguson to Jim Hodge. Scoring wouldn't resume until the fourth quarter, when Razorback Bill McClard kicked 19- and 30-yard field goals. A third McClard kick was good, set up by Louis Campbell's third interception, but a penalty kept the Hogs off the board a fourth time. Arkansas fumbled at their own 36-yard line, and Tennessee's Curt Watson scored three plays later.


1971 Army Cadets football team
The 1971 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth year under head coach Tom Cahill, the Cadets compiled a 6–4 record but were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 206 to 146. In the annual Army–Navy Game, the Cadets defeated the Midshipmen by a 24 to 23 score.


1971 Army Cadets football team
No Army players were selected as first-team players on the 1971 College Football All-America Team.


1971 Arundel and Shoreham by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom House of Commons was held in the constituency of Arundel and Shoreham on 1 April 1971, following the death of sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Henry Kerby.


1971 Arundel and Shoreham by-election
It was successfully held by the new Conservative candidate, Richard Napier Luce.


1971 Aryamehr Cup
The 1971 Aryamehr Cup was a men's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Imperial Country Club in Tehran in Iran. The event was part of the 1971 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the first edition of the tournament and was held from 10 May through 16 May 1971. Marty Riessen won the singles title.


1971 Aryamehr Cup, Finals, Doubles
John Newcombe /  Tony Roche defeated  Bob Carmichael /  Ray Ruffels 6–4, 6–7, 6–1


1971 Ascot state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Ascot in the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia was held on 13 November 1971. It was triggered by the death of Merv Toms, the serving Labor member and Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, on 8 October 1971.


1971 Ascot state by-election
Toms' death reduced Labor to a minority government, and David Brand, the opposition leader, threatened to bring on a motion of no confidence. Because of this, the premier, John Tonkin, controversially advised the governor, Sir Douglas Kendrew, to prorogue parliament until the by-election was held. A loss for the Labor Party was considered high unlikely and did not eventuate, although the party did suffer a heavy negative swing of 22.4 points on first preferences. The winning candidate, Mal Bryce, polled 53.4 percent of the vote, while the Liberal candidate, Fred Chaney, polled 41.6 percent of the vote, despite the party not having contested the seat at the 1971 state election.


1971 Ascot state by-election, Background
Merv Toms had held Ascot for the Labor Party since the seat's creation at the 1968 state election, and had first been elected to parliament at the 1956 election. He was elected to the speakership after Labor's victory at the 1971 election, and due to the party's one-seat majority had to frequently exercise his casting vote. Toms died in office on 8 October 1971, with the writ for the by-election issued on 14 October and the close of nominations on 21 October. Polling day was on 13 November, with the writ returned on 30 November.


1971 Ascot state by-election, Aftermath
Bryce increased his majority at the 1974 state election, despite the Tonkin government being defeated. He became deputy premier under Brian Burke when Labor returned to power in 1983, serving until his retirement in 1988. Bryce's chief opponent at the by-election, Fred Chaney, was elected to the Senate at the 1974 federal election.


1971 Asheville 300
The 1971 Asheville 300 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on May 21, 1971, at New Asheville Speedway in Asheville, North Carolina.


1971 Asheville 300
This race marked the Cup series' return to New Asheville Speedway after an absence of just under three years but it would be the series' final race here as the trimmed down schedule in 1972 eliminated this event. Richard Petty won the prior race in 1968 and won again here with little challenge.


1971 Asheville 300, Race report
Seventeen drivers started the race; seven of them parked over the course of the race (including tenth-place finisher Bill Shirey), due to concerns regarding prize money for independent teams. The other DNFs were due to engine, brake problems, in addition to problems with the ignition system. After nearly one and a half hours of racing 300 laps, Richard Petty scored a relatively easy victory over Elmo Langley by a distance of four laps. This was the last time Elmo Langley led a race.


1971 Asheville 300, Race report
Because Richard Petty only had to contend with 16 other drivers and the race was less than three hours long, this race is not comparable to the wins that were experienced in the NASCAR races of the current era.


1971 Asheville 300, Race report
Dale Inman was the winning crew chief of this race. Other notable crew chiefs who actively participated in the race were Vic Ballard and Lee Gordon.


1971 Asheville 300, Race report
An audience of 4500 people saw four different lead changes, no caution periods along with Petty and Langley constantly fight it out for the lead. Like the 1959 Daytona 500, the 1969 Motor Trend 500 and the 1971 Space City 300, this race is considered to be one of NASCAR's infrequently occurring "perfect games." Petty would qualify for pole position driving speeds up to 79.598 miles per hour (128.101 km/h) during solo qualifying sessions.


1971 Asheville 300, Race report
Ironically, the circumstances of this race yielded Dick May's career-best finish in Winston Cup racing, in spite of the fact that he parked halfway through the event.


1971 Asheville 300, Race report
The drivers earned very little for participating in this race compared to the multimillion-dollar purses of today; Petty earned a meager $1,500 ($9,469.6 when adjusted for inflation) while last-place finisher Hylton walked away only $220 wealthier ($1,388.87 when adjusted for inflation).


1971 Asheville 300, Finishing order
† signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race


1971 Asia Golf Circuit
The 1971 Asia Golf Circuit was the tenth season of golf tournaments that comprised the Asia Golf Circuit, formerly known as the Far East Circuit.


1971 Asia Golf Circuit, Schedule
The table below shows the 1971 Asia Golf Circuit schedule. There were no changes from the previous season.


1971 Asia Golf Circuit, Final standings
The Asia Golf Circuit standings were based on a points system.


1971 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships
The 5th edition of the Men's Asian Amateur Boxing Championships was held from 27 August to 1 September 1971 in Tehran, Iran.


1971 Asian Badminton Championships
The 1971 Asia Badminton Championships was the 4th tournament of the Badminton Asia Championships. It was held August 1971 in Jakarta, Indonesia.


1971 Asian Badminton Championships, 1971 Asia Badminton Championships Final
This is the final result of the 1971 Asia Badminton Championships


1971 Asian Baseball Championship
The 1971 Asian Baseball Championship was the ninth continental tournament held by the Baseball Federation of Asia. The tournament was held in Seoul, South Korea for the second time, and was won by the hosts for their second Asian Championship; both times when hosting the tournament.


1971 Asian Baseball Championship
The tournament marked the first time the Australian team participated in the Asian Championships—or in any international tournament—finishing 4th. Through 2009, the Philippines' bronze medal would be the last time they would achieve a medal in the tournament. Japan (2nd) and Taiwan (5th) were the other participants.


1971 Asian Champion Club Tournament
The 1971 Asian Champion Club Tournament was the fourth edition of the annual Asian club football competition hosted by Asian Football Confederation. Eight clubs from eight countries competed in the tournament. The tournament was held in Bangkok, Thailand from 21 March to 2 April. Eight clubs were split in two groups of four and the group winners and the runners-up advanced to semifinals. Jardine Hong Kong withdrew from the tournament.


1971 Asian Champion Club Tournament
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. (ISR) recorded their second Asian title after Al-Shorta (IRQ) refused to play against them in protest at the Israeli occupation of Palestine. Al-Shorta players waved the Palestinian flag and the Iraqi flag around the field.


1971 Asian Champion Club Tournament
Al-Shorta were regarded as the winners of the tournament in the Iraqi media (the Al-Mal'ab newspaper headline read: "The Champions of Asia Return to Baghdad") and were greeted with a heroes' reception upon their return to the country, holding an open top bus parade and later adding a star above their logo.


1971 Asian Champion Club Tournament, Result, Preliminary Round
These were the group allocation matches. Each group consisted of two winners and two losers from this round. The draw for the preliminary round was re-made after Al-Shorta refused to play Maccabi Tel-Aviv as had been scheduled in the original draw.


1971 Asian Champion Club Tournament, Result, Knockout Stage, Final
1 The final was scratched and Maccabi Tel Aviv were awarded the championship as Al-Shorta players waved Iraqi and Palestinian flags around the pitch, refusing to play the Israeli side for political reasons.


1971 Asian Cycling Championships
The 1971 Asian Cycling Championships took place at the Farrer Park Stadium in Singapore from 23 to 30 October 1971.


1971 Asian Weightlifting Championships
The 1971 Asian Weightlifting Championships were held at the auditorium of the Far Eastern University in Manila, Philippines between October 9 and October 11, 1971. Weightlifters from seven countries Iran, Israel, South Korea, Philippines, Australia (as guest nation), Indonesia and Taiwan competed in the tournament.


1971 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl
The 1971 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl was a college football bowl game that featured the Colorado Buffaloes and the Houston.


1971 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl, Background
Colorado finished third in the Big Eight Conference. This their fourth bowl game appearance in five seasons and their first Bluebonnet Bowl since 1967. As for the Cougars, this was their second Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl in three seasons.


1971 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl, Game summary
Robert Newhouse had 35 carries for 168 yards for Houston. Charlie Davis had 202 yards on 37 carries for Colorado.


1971 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl, Aftermath
The Buffaloes finished third in the final AP Poll. They went to three more bowl games in the decade, including an Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl appearance in 1975. The Cougars (who finished 17th in the final poll) returned to the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl in 1973, en route to four more bowls in the decade.


1971 Atlanta Braves season
The 1971 Atlanta Braves season was the sixth season in Atlanta along with the 101st season as a franchise overall.


1971 Atlanta Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1971 Atlanta Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1971 Atlanta Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 Atlanta Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 Atlanta Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 Atlanta Falcons season
The 1971 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise's sixth year in the National Football League (NFL). It was the first winning season in franchise history.


1971 Atlanta Falcons season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1971 Atlantic hurricane season was fairly active with several notable storms. Hurricane Edith, the strongest of the season, was a Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, the highest category on the scale. It struck Nicaragua at peak intensity, killing dozens, and later hit southern Louisiana. Until 2003, Hurricane Ginger held the record for the longest known duration of a North Atlantic tropical cyclone, lasting 27.25 days from early September to early October; it is currently the second longest-lasting Atlantic hurricane. Ginger moved ashore in North Carolina, producing heavy rains and damaging winds. An unnamed storm in August attained hurricane status further north than any other Atlantic hurricane. On 11 September, seven tropical cyclones were active at the same time, the record for the Atlantic basin.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season
The season officially began on June 1, and lasted until November 30, 1971; these dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. With thirteen tropical storms, of which six became hurricanes, the season was active.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season
Despite the activity, damage in the United States totaled about $235 million (1971 USD, $1.5 billion 2021 USD), which National Hurricane Center forecaster Paul Hebert noted was "pretty small considering we had five storms in a row strike the U.S." Most of the damage came from Tropical Storm Doria, which affected much of the East Coast of the United States. Hurricane Fern struck Texas after executing an unusual track, dropping heavy rainfall and producing flooding. The first storm, Arlene, developed on July 4 off the coast of North Carolina. Activity was steady through most of the season, and the last storm, Laura, dissipated on November 22.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene
The origins of Arlene were from a cold front that exited the East Coast of the United States on July 2 and stalled offshore. A frontal wave developed the next day, steadily developing due to thermal instability. On July 4, the system organized into a tropical depression about 120 mi (195 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. While in its formative stages, it dropped rainfall along the coast of the Carolinas, peaking at 4.11 in (104 mm) in Pinopolis, South Carolina.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene
The depression tracked northeastward due to a ridge over New England, and the cyclone passed just southeast of the Outer Banks. After a Hurricane Hunters plane observed gale-force winds, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arlene late on July 5; in the post-season summary, meteorologist Neil Frank noted, "the surprising element in the development of Arlene was the rapidity of the transformation process."


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene
Upon being named, Arlene continued northeastward, possessing a circular mass of convection with spiral rainbands. Late on July 6, the storm attained peak winds of 65 mph (100 km/h), based on a ship report. It weakened thereafter, and Arlene transitioned into an extratropical cyclone late on July 7 just south of Newfoundland. The cyclone last observed early the following day. The storm capsized a boat in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, and the crew of 12 was rescued.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
A hybrid-type depression formed east of Bermuda on July 29. It moved rapidly southwestward before turning to a northwest drift. On August 3, it was classified as a tropical depression, and the next day the system passed near Bermuda. The depression accelerated to the northeast, strengthening into a tropical storm on August 5. It intensified further due to baroclinity, or enhanced instability through different levels of the atmosphere caused by temperature and moisture gradients.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
On August 6, a drilling rig about 230 mi (370 km) southeast of Newfoundland recorded sustained winds of 90 mph (140 km/h) with gusts to 126 mph (204 km/h) at an altitude of 325 ft (99 m); this suggested the storm attained hurricane status at 46° North, which is the northernmost location for a tropical storm to intensify into a hurricane.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
Despite the intensity, the cyclone was not purely tropical; although the radius of maximum winds was only 35 mi (56 km), the thermal structure did not resemble a tropical cyclone, and there was no precipitation or convection near the center. It continued northeastward and dissipated on August 7 to the southwest of Greenland. It was not named operationally, but it was later added to the Atlantic hurricane database.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Beth
On August 9, an upper-level low developed off the coast of Florida, and the next day spawned a tropical depression. The newly developed cyclone tracked slowly northeastward, eventually encountering conditions favorable for development. On August 14, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Beth off the coast of North Carolina, and it quickly strengthened into a hurricane by August 15. After reaching peak winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) off the coast of Cape Cod, Beth slightly weakened and later moved ashore near Copper Lake, Nova Scotia. Shortly thereafter, Beth was swept up by a nearby cold front and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Beth
The hurricane left extensive damage in its wake, especially to crops and infrastructure. Halifax International Airport reported 10.49 in (266 mm) of rainfall in a 30‑hour span, which caused widespread flooding. Several bridges in the region were washed out, while railways were covered by water, forcing trains to suspend their operation. Overall monetary damage from Beth is estimated up to $5.1 million (1971 USD, $32.6 million 2021 USD). One person was indirectly killed by the hurricane in a traffic accident induced by heavy rainfall.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Eight
On August 11, Tropical Depression Eight developed southwest of Fort Myers, Florida. It quickly moved ashore, reaching Lake Okeechobee before looping to the northwest. While moving across the state, it dropped heavy rainfall of around 10 in (250 mm) along the west coast. In Pinellas Park, the heavy rains led to flash flooding that forced 200 families from their house, including one that required evacuation from a helicopter. Damage in the region was estimated at $250,000 (1971 USD, $1.6 million 2021 USD).


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression Eight
The depression emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 15 near Tampa, and later turned to the northeast ahead of an upper-level low. On August 16, it intensified as it moved ashore near Cedar Key, where hurricane-force wind gusts were briefly observed. The depression dissipated on August 17 over South Carolina, although in that state it produced its heaviest rainfall, totaling 14.11 in (358 mm) in Sullivan's Island. In nearby Savannah, Georgia, the rainfall forced about 100 families from their houses in low-lying areas. The remnants continued northeastward through the Mid-Atlantic States and New England, crossing into Canada on August 20.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Chloe
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 13, moving westward for several days before organizing into a tropical depression on August 18 about 460 mi (740 km) east of Barbados. It quickly moved through the Lesser Antilles, where it produced wind gusts up to 58 mph (93 km/h). The cyclone also dropped heavy rainfall up to 6 in (150 mm) on Barbados and Martinique. After entering the eastern Caribbean Sea, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Chloe on August 20. About 18 hours after attaining tropical storm status, Chloe quickly strengthened to peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) about 215 mi (345 km) south of the Mona Passage, as reported by reconnaissance aircraft.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Chloe
After reaching peak intensity, Chloe began weakening as it turned to the west-southwest, and late on August 22, it was downgraded to a tropical depression as a weakening ridge to its north cut off the low-level inflow. For several days it continued generally westward, gradually losing organization. While passing south of Jamaica, the storm prompted the evacuation of the SS Hope, a hospital ship, at Kingston. On August 25, Chloe moved ashore in Belize as a weak tropical depression, and dissipated shortly thereafter without ever having caused significant damage or deaths. The remnants of Chloe later spawned Hurricane Lily in the eastern Pacific Ocean.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Doria
Tropical Storm Doria, the costliest storm of the season, developed from a tropical wave on August 20 to the east of the Lesser Antilles, and after five days without development attained tropical storm status to the east of Florida. Doria turned to the north, and reached peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) as it was making landfall near Morehead City, North Carolina. It turned to the northeast, and moved through the Mid-Atlantic and New England as a tropical storm before becoming an extratropical storm over Maine on August 29.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Doria
In North Carolina, Doria produced moderate rainfall, resulting in localized flooding and damage. The storm spawned a tornado near Norfolk, Virginia, damaging twelve houses and downing hundreds of trees. Tropical Storm Doria dropped heavy precipitation in New Jersey, peaking at 10.29 in (261 mm) in Little Falls. The rainfall led to record-breaking river levels and flooding in several houses, resulting in damage to dozens of houses across the state. Moderate damage and rainfall continued along its path into New England and southeastern Canada. In all, Tropical Storm Doria caused seven deaths and $147.6 million (1971 USD, $943 million 2021 USD).


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fern
Hurricane Fern was the first of four tropical systems to develop in association with an extended surface trough across the Gulf of Mexico into the open Atlantic, along with Ginger, Heidi, and a strong tropical depression. Fern developed on September 3 in the central Gulf of Mexico. It moved over southern Louisiana the next day, but due to increased ridging to the north the depression moved southwestward back over water.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fern
On September 7, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Fern; it is rare for a tropical depression to move over land in the continental United States (excluding Florida) and later attain tropical storm status. Fern later turned to the northwest, intensifying into a hurricane on September 8. It quickly reached peak winds of 90 mph (140 km/h), but later weakened as it curved to the southwest, moving ashore on September 10 between Freeport and Matagorda, Texas as a tropical storm. Fern dissipated on September 13 over northeastern Mexico.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fern
The precursor of Fern dropped rainfall up to 5 in (130 mm) of rainfall across South Florida, while totals of up to 10 in (250 mm) were reported in southeastern Louisiana where it made its first landfall. As it struck Texas, Fern produced strong winds up to 86 mph (138 km/h), along with 5 to 6 ft (1.5 to 1.8 m) storm tides and heavy rainfall; the highest precipitation total was 26.0 in (660 mm) in Beeville. The heavy rainfall caused severe flash flooding that isolated numerous small towns in the southeastern portion of the state, damaging 7,500 buildings. In all, Fern left two indirect deaths and moderate damage totaling $30.2 million (1971 USD, $187 million 2021 USD).


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edith
Hurricane Edith, the strongest storm of the season, developed from a tropical wave on September 5 to the east of the southern Lesser Antilles. It moved quickly across the southern Caribbean Sea, intensifying into a hurricane just off the north coast of South America. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edith
After moving across the Gulf of Mexico, a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edith
The hurricane killed two people when it passed near Aruba. Striking northeastern Central America as a Category 5 hurricane, Edith destroyed hundreds of homes and killed at least 35 people. In Texas high tides caused coastal flooding but little damage. Edith caused moderate to heavy damage in portions of Louisiana due to flooding and a tornado outbreak from the storm. One tornado, rated F3 on the Fujita Scale, damaged several homes and injured multiple people in Baton Rouge. The tornado outbreak extended eastward into Florida. Damage in the United States totaled $25 million (1971 USD, $160 million 2021 USD).


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ginger
Hurricane Ginger was thought to be the longest lasting Atlantic hurricane on record until 2003, when the 1899 San Ciriaco hurricane was retroactively found to have lasted longer. The eighth tropical cyclone and fifth hurricane of the season, Ginger spent 27.25 days as a tropical cyclone, and lasted from September 6 to October 3. The storm developed in a large region of convection across the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic, and for the first nine days of its duration tracked generally east- or northeastward while gradually strengthening to peak winds of 110 mph (175 km/h). On September 14 Ginger slowed and turned to a general westward track, passing near Bermuda on September 23; there, the hurricane produced gusty winds and high waves, but no damage.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ginger
While over the western Atlantic Ocean, Ginger became the last target of Project Stormfury, which sought to weaken hurricanes by depositing silver iodide into tropical cyclone rainbands. The plane dropped silver iodide into the center of Ginger, although there was no effect due to Ginger's large eye and diffuse nature; Ginger was the last seeding done by the project. Ginger ultimately struck North Carolina on September 30 as a minimal hurricane, lashing the coastline with gusty winds that caused power outages across the region.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ginger
Heavy rainfall flooded towns and left heavy crop damage, with 3 million bushels of corn and 1 million bushels of soybean lost. Damage in the state was estimated at $10 million (1971 USD, $63.9 million 2021 USD). Further north, moderate rainfall and winds spread through the Mid-Atlantic states, although no significant damage was reported outside of North Carolina.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Heidi
Tropical Storm Heidi was the last of the four tropical systems to develop from the extended surface trough of low pressure, forming on September 11 northeast of the Bahamas and intensifying into a tropical storm the next day. After initially moving to the northwest, Heidi curved northeastward and attained its peak intensity of 65 mph (100 km/h) on September 14 off the coast of Virginia. The storm failed to become a well-organized system, and it gradually weakened while accelerating north-northeastward. On September 15, shortly after Heidi moved ashore in Maine, it was absorbed by a broad extratropical cyclone over the northern Appalachians.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Heidi
Heidi did not directly cause any fatalities or severe damage. However, the larger extratropical storm drew in moisture from Heidi, producing rainfall from North Carolina through northern New England, including a peak of 9.38 in (238 mm) in southeastern Pennsylvania. The heavy rains triggered extensive flooding that caused over a dozen fatalities and left thousands of residents homeless in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In Chester, Pennsylvania a stone dam collapsed, forcing hundreds of families to evacuate and damaging homes, businesses, roads, and bridges. Governor Milton Shapp declared a state of emergency in several Pennsylvania counties following the floods.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Irene
A tropical wave spawned a tropical depression on September 11 about 800 mi (1300 km) east of the Windward Islands. The cyclone tracked nearly due westward at a low latitude, passing through the southern Windward Islands and later over northern South America. In the southwest Caribbean Sea, it intensified to a tropical storm and later a hurricane. Irene made landfall on southeastern Nicaragua on September 19, and maintained its circulation as it crossed the low-lying terrain of the country. Restrengthening after reaching the Pacific, Irene was renamed Hurricane Olivia, which ultimately attained peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) before weakening and dissipating over northwestern Mexico.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Irene
In the Atlantic, Irene produced moderate rainfall and winds along its path, although impact was greatest in Nicaragua where it moved ashore as a hurricane. A total of 96 homes were destroyed, and 1,200 people were left homeless. The rainfall resulted in widespread flooding, killing three people in Rivas. In neighboring Costa Rica, Hurricane Irene caused more than $1 million (1971 USD, $6.39 million 2021 USD) in damage to the banana crop. The hurricane was the first actively tracked tropical cyclone that moved into the eastern Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic Ocean.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Janice
The origins of Janice were from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on September 18. It developed into a tropical depression on September 21 about 1050 mi (1700 km) west-southwest of Cape Verde, which was the easternmost formation of the named storms this season. The next day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Janice, and quickly reached peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h). The storm never became well-organized, with its peak winds located east of the broad center.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Janice
Despite being in a climatologically favored region for further development, Janice weakened due to increased wind shear from Hurricane Ginger. The circulation became elongated and separated from the convection, and on September 24 the storm weakened to a tropical depression. Later that day Janice dissipated just northeast of the Lesser Antilles as it was absorbed by Ginger. Around that time, it produced rainfall in the northeastern Caribbean, reaching 4 in (100 mm) on Saint Kitts; no damage or fatalities were reported.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Kristy
The interaction between a tropical wave and an upper-level trough led to the development of a tropical depression on October 18, about 685 mi (1100 km) northeast of Puerto Rico. It moved quickly north-northeastward, followed by a curve to the northeast. On October 20, a ship reported winds of 45 mph (72 km/h), indicating the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Kristy. As it reached this strength, an approaching cold front produced cooler, drier air over the storm. Kristy intensified slightly further to peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) before becoming indistinguishable from the cold front. By October 21 it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone before dissipating near the Azores.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Laura
The final storm of the season, Laura, formed on November 12 in the western Caribbean Sea, and reached winds of 70 mph (120 km/h) as it approached western Cuba. Across the island, the storm produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 32.5 in (830 mm). The resulting flooding killed one person and caused crop damage, and also forced 26,000 people to evacuate their homes. Initially, Laura was forecast to move across the island and impact the southern United States, but it executed a small loop and turned to the southwest. The storm moved ashore on Belize, one of only four November storms to affect the country. Little impact occurred during Laura's final landfall, and it dissipated on November 22 over central Guatemala.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
In addition to the named storms and otherwise notable cyclones, there were several weak depressions during the season. After a June devoid of activity, three tropical depressions developed within the first ten days of July. The first became Tropical Storm Arlene on July 4, and the second formed off the coast of Louisiana on July 6. Tropical Depression Two moved westward due to a ridge to its northeast, and it struck just west of the Texas/Louisiana border before dissipating on July 8. Its precursor dropped 3.90 in (99 mm) near Carrabelle, Florida, but much less along its path. Just two days later, another tropical depression formed in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, quickly moving ashore in southern Texas before dissipating on July 11; it dropped light rainfall along its path.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
In August, there were two tropical depressions, in addition to the named storms and the notable Tropical Depression Eight. The first, Tropical Depression Five, developed in the central Gulf of Mexico on August 6. It made landfall in Louisiana three days later, eventually dissipating over Mississippi. The other, designated Tropical Depression Eleven, formed over the Bahamas on August 28. It moved westward, crossing Florida and the Gulf of Mexico before dissipating over southeastern Louisiana on September 1. The depression dropped moderate rainfall along the Gulf Coast, peaking at 6.82 in (173 mm) at Gulf Shores, Alabama.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
There were three non-developing tropical depressions in September, the first of which just off the coast of Africa on September 3. It moved west-northwestward, passing near Cape Verde before dissipating on September 8. The next, Tropical Depression Eighteen, originated on September 8 east of Florida from the same trough that also spawned Fern, Ginger, and Heidi. It initially moved northward before curving to the west, making landfall near the Georgia/South Carolina border on September 11 before dissipating the following day. The other, Tropical Depression Nineteen, developed off the coast of Africa on September 10, moving westward before dissipating on September 14.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
The final non-developing tropical depression of the season formed on October 6 in the western Caribbean Sea. It crossed the Yucatán Peninsula the next day, dropping heavy rainfall up to 9.09 in (231 mm). The depression turned to the northeast due to an approaching upper-level trough, and it transitioned into a frontal wave on October 10. As the trough advanced ahead of the storm, a ridge built across the southeast United States, causing the cyclone to turn northward and parallel the west coast of Florida. It regained tropical characteristics before moving ashore near Apalachicola and dissipating on October 14.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names
The following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1971. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray. Storms were named Beth, Kristy and Laura for the first time in 1971.


1971 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects
This is a table of the storms in 1971 and their landfall(s), if any. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low.


1971 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1971 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. The Tigers offense scored 335 points while the defense allowed 182 points. SEC Champion Alabama handed Auburn their only conference loss of the year. Pat Sullivan won the Heisman Trophy.


1971 Auburn Tigers football team, Season
In the Iron Bowl, both teams entered the regular season finale undefeated: Auburn lost to Alabama, 31–7. On New Year's Day, the Tigers lost to Oklahoma in the Sugar Bowl, 40-22.


1971 Auckland City mayoral election
The 1971 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1971, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1971 Auckland City mayoral election, Background
Incumbent Mayor Dove-Myer Robinson was re-elected with an overwhelming majority with an absence of a challenger from either the Citizens & Ratepayers ticket or Labour Party.


1971 Australia rugby union tour of France
The 1971 Australia rugby union tour of France  was a series of eight matches played by the Australia national rugby union team (the "Wallabies") in France in November 1971. The Wallabies drew the series, winning the first test of the two against the France and losing the second. They also played six games against teams described as French Selections (or Regional XVs), of which they won three and lost three.


1971 Australia rugby union tour of France, Squad leadership
The Wallaby squad was captained by Greg Davis  described by Howell as "a leader of men who believed a leader should lead....a single minded flanker who gave no quarter and asked for none". Davis was making his sixth overseas tour with the Wallabies and his second as captain.


1971 Australian Drivers' Championship
The 1971 Australian Drivers’ Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Australian Formula 1 and Australian Formula 2 racing cars. It was the fifteenth Australian Drivers' Championship and the first to feature cars complying with a new for 1971 Australian Formula 1  which permitted cars with production based V8 engines of up to 5 litre capacity (commonly known as Formula 5000 cars) or racing engines of up to eight cylinders and up to 2 litre capacity. The championship winner was awarded the 1971 CAMS Gold Star and the title of Australian Champion Driver.


1971 Australian Drivers' Championship
The championship was won by Max Stewart from Kevin Bartlett, Alan Hamilton and John McCormack, with only two points separating first from fourth after the final race.


1971 Australian Drivers' Championship, Calendar
The championship was contested over a six race series. Races were staged concurrently with those of the 1971 Australian Formula 2 Championship


1971 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six placegetters in each race. Each driver could retain points only from his/her best five race results. Only holders of a General Competition License issued by CAMS were eligible to compete for the title.


1971 Australian Drivers' Championship, Championship standings
New Zealander Graeme Lawrence (Brabham BT30 Ford) placed second at Oran Park, but not being an Australian resident he did not qualify for championship points.


1971 Australian Formula 2 Championship
The 1971 Australian Formula 2 Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for drivers of Australian Formula 2 racing cars. It was the fifth Australian Formula 2 Championship.


1971 Australian Formula 2 Championship, Calendar
The championship was contested over a six heat series with one race per heat. Heats were staged concurrently with those of the 1971 Australian Drivers' Championship which was open to drivers of both Australian Formula 1 and Australian Formula 2 cars.


1971 Australian Formula 2 Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis to the first six placegetters in the Formula 2 class at each heat. Each driver could retain points only from his/her best five heat results.


1971 Australian Grand Prix
The 1971 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at Warwick Farm Raceway in New South Wales, Australia on 21 November 1971. It was open to Racing Cars complying with either Australian Formula 1 or Australian Formula 2 regulations.


1971 Australian Grand Prix
The race was the thirty sixth running of the Australian Grand Prix. Frank Matich won his second straight AGP and, as in 1970, he started the race on pole and also set the fastest race lap. The race marked the debut of Matich's self designed and built Matich A50 which was powered by a Repco Holden V8 engine. Matich won the race by 58.7 seconds from Kevin Bartlett driving a McLaren M10B-Chevrolet, with Alan Hamilton, also driving McLaren M10B-Chevrolet, 1.1 seconds behind Bartlett in third place.


1971 Australian Grand Prix
Other than two New Zealanders, the only international driver in the event was 1964 Formula One World Drivers' Champion John Surtees. The Englishman started ninth in his Surtees TS8-Chevrolet, and battled with Bartlett, Hamilton, and, until his retirement, Colin Bond in the McLaren M10B in which Matich had won the 1970 Australian Grand Prix. Surtees ultimately placed 14th after suffering two punctures late in the race. 1971 Rothmans F5000 European Championship winner Frank Gardner was unable to start the race after damaging his Lola T300 in the first practice session on the Saturday.


1971 Australian Grand Prix, Classification, Official practice
Grid positions for the race were determined during "official practice".


1971 Australian Manufacturers' Championship
The 1971 Australian Manufacturers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing title open to Group E Series Production Touring Cars. The championship, which was the inaugural Australian Manufacturers' Championship, was won by General Motors-Holden's.


1971 Australian Manufacturers' Championship, Calendar
The championship was contested over a five heat series, with each heat being a single race staged over a minimum duration of three hours.


1971 Australian Manufacturers' Championship, Class Structure
Cars competed in five classes based on a Capacity / Price index in which the engine capacity in litres was multiplied by the retail price to determine the CP units for each model.


1971 Australian Manufacturers' Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis for the first nine positions in each class plus 4-3-2-1 for the first four positions outright. Only the best placed car from a manufacturer was eligible to score points.


1971 Australian Open
The 1971 Australian Open, also known under its sponsored name Dunlop Australian Open, was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia from 7 to 14 March. The tournament was originally scheduled to be played in Melbourne but was moved to Sydney on account of a $125,000 sponsorship deal with Dunlop. The tournament date was moved from its regular January slot to March to accommodate scheduling requirements made by the commercial promoters World Championship Tennis and National Tennis League.


1971 Australian Open
It was the 59th edition of the Australian Open, the 17th and final one held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The tournament was part of the 1971 World Championship Tennis circuit. The singles titles were won by Australians Ken Rosewall and Margaret Court. The tiebreak was introduced for all sets except the deciding set.


1971 Australian Open
The competition for mixed doubles was not held between 1970 and 1986 edition.


1971 Australian Open, Seniors, Men's doubles
John Newcombe /  Tony Roche defeated  Tom Okker /  Marty Riessen 6–2, 7–6


1971 Australian Open, Seniors, Women's doubles
Evonne Goolagong /  Margaret Court defeated  Jill Emmerson /  Lesley Hunt 6–0, 6–0


1971 Australian Open – Men's Doubles
John Newcombe and Tony Roche defeated Tom Okker and Marty Riessen 6–2, 7–6 in the final to win the Men's Doubles title at the 1971 Australian Open.


1971 Australian Open – Men's Doubles, Seeds
The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round.


1971 Australian Open – Men's Singles
Second-seeded Ken Rosewall defeated defending champion Arthur Ashe 6–1, 7–5, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1971 Australian Open. He was the first man to win a Grand Slam singles title without dropping a set in the open era.


1971 Australian Open – Women's Doubles
Evonne Goolagong and Margaret Court defeated Jill Emmerson and Lesley Hunt 6–0, 6–0 in the final to win the Women's Doubles title at the 1971 Australian Open.


1971 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, Seeds
The first and second seeds received a bye into the second round.


1971 Australian Open – Women's Singles
First-seeded Margaret Court was the two-time defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Evonne Goolagong in the final, 2–6, 7–6(7–0), 7–5 to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1971 Australian Open. This was Court's tenth Australian Open title, her sixth consecutive Grand Slam title and her 21st Grand Slam title overall.


1971 Australian Open – Women's Singles, Seeds
The first and second seeds receive a bye into the second round.


1971 Australian Rally Championship
The 1971 Australian Rally Championship was a series of five rallying events held across Australia. It was the fourth season in the history of the competition.


1971 Australian Rally Championship
Colin Bond and navigator George Shepheard in the Holden Dealer Team Holden Torana GTR XU-1 were the winners of the 1971 Championship.


1971 Australian Rally Championship, Season review
The fourth Australian Rally Championship was decided over five events, staged across the Eastern States of Australia with two events in New South Wales and one each in Queensland, Victoria and South Australia. The series was the start of the domination of the Holden Dealer Team Holden Torana GTR XU-1 of Colin Bond and George Shepheard. The Renault R8 Gordinis which had won the previous year were the only team to present any real challenge to the Toranas.


1971 Australian Rally Championship, The Rallies
The five events of the 1971 season were as follows.


1971 Australian Sports Car Championship
The 1971 Australian Sports Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing title for drivers of Group A Sports Cars, Group B Improved Production Sports Cars and Group D Series Production Sports Cars. The title, which was the third Australian Sports Car Championship, was won by John Harvey driving a McLaren M6 Repco.


1971 Australian Sports Car Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six placegetters at each heat.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship
The 1971 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS-sanctioned motor racing title for drivers of Group C Improved Production Touring Cars and Group E Series Production Touring Cars. The title, which was the twelfth running of the Australian Touring Car Championship, began at Symmons Plains Raceway on 1 March 1971 and ended at Oran Park Raceway on 8 August after seven heats.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship
Bob Jane won his third Australian Touring Car Championship, driving his 7.0-litre Chevrolet Camaro ZL-1. Allan Moffat finished runner-up in his Ford Boss 302 Mustang, while Ian Geoghegan was third in his Ford Mustang. Defending champion Norm Beechey finished fifth in the series, suffering from reliability problems with his Holden HT Monaro GTS350. Beechey only finished two rounds of the series, one of which was a victory in the second round at Calder Park Raceway.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Drivers
The following drivers competed in the 1971 championship. The list is not exhaustive.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Calendar
The championship was contested over a series of seven heats.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Symmons Plains
Bob Jane held the fastest time in official practice for the majority of the session with a time of 1:00.6. Allan Moffat came out with twenty minutes remaining and equalled Jane's time and was set to go faster until he ran off the circuit and damaged his front spoiler. In response, Jane set a time of 1:00.3 to take pole position ahead of Moffat, Ian Geoghegan and Norm Beechey.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Symmons Plains
The race was held in wet conditions and Jane and Geoghegan led away from the line after Moffat made a bad gear change. Jim McKeown got squeezed between John Harvey and Terry Allan, while Graham Ritter was forced onto the grass when Harvey got sideways. Geoghegan made a mistake at the hairpin and allowed Moffat back through to second place, while Allan, who started on slick tyres, spun and fell to the back of the field. Allan retired a few laps later with a blown gasket.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Symmons Plains
Moffat passed Jane fat the end of the back straight on lap 5 and began to pull away. Jane spun on lap 8, allowing Beechey into second place. Jane rejoined in front of Geoghegan and McKeown, around 25 seconds behind Beechey. McKeown passed Geoghegan for fourth, while Harvey retired with a seized engine. With the track drying out, Geoghegan took fourth place back from McKeown on lap 27, with the latter suffering from a clutch problem.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Symmons Plains
Beechey began to close in on Moffat, whose lead dropped to as low as 2.5 seconds when he was held up by McKeown, while Jane was catching both Beechey and Moffat. Once clear of McKeown, Moffat was able to extend his lead again, and it became even larger when Beechey's engine blew on lap 37. Moffat took victory, five seconds ahead of Jane, while Geoghegan finished in third place, forty seconds off the lead.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Calder
After dominating the opening round of the championship both Bob Jane and Allan Moffat retired from the Calder race. Jane's clutch failed on the first lap while Moffat retired with an overheating engine on lap 24, having already lost a number of places after leading early in the race. Norm Beechey took the lead from Moffat on lap 15 and led to the finish, followed by Ian Geoghegan and Jim McKeown. Geoghegan's second place elevated him into the championship lead with Moffat and Beechey tied for second place.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Sandown
Bob Jane and Allan Moffat continued their strong form at Sandown. The pair pulled away from the field in the first half the race to be twenty seconds clear of third-placed Ian Geoghegan and a lap ahead of the rest of the field. Norm Beechey retired with an engine problem which was leaking oil onto the clutch. Jane then encountered a problem when his car became jammed in top gear, allowing Moffat into the lead of the race.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Sandown
Moffat was black-flagged on lap 25 due to a transmission oil cooler line which had come undone and was hanging underneath the car, but he continued on despite the black flag being held out on the subsequent laps. Moffat finally stopped on the last lap and, with the oil cooler line adjudged as no risk, went on to take victory. However, he was disqualified for ignoring the black flags. This gave the victory to Jane, who had stayed ahead of Geoghegan despite his problem, while Jim McKeown completed the podium.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Surfers Paradise
Allan Moffat dominated the fourth round of the championship at Surfers Paradise. He qualified on pole position, set a new lap record and won the race by a margin of 35 seconds. Bob Jane finished second and took the championship lead from Ian Geoghegan, who finished third despite being pressured by John French, driving Moffat's Ford Falcon GTHO, for much of the race. Moffat's victory moved him to third place in the championship, just three points adrift of Jane.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Mallala
Bob Jane extended his championship lead by taking victory at Mallala. Ian Geoghegan applied pressure to Jane late in the race but was unable to pass him, finishing three-tenths of a second behind. Allan Moffat finished third despite a spin early on and then going off the track while lapping Norm Beechey. Jim McKeown and Brian Foley finished fourth and fifth respectively, one lap down on Jane, while local driver Graham Bishop took the final point in sixth place.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Lakeside
The championship tightened up at Lakeside, with Ian Geoghegan, Bob Jane and Allan Moffat finishing the race in reverse order to their respective championship positions. Moffat took an easy win from pole position, leading all the way. Jane looked set for second place until a wheel bearing failure in the closing laps, which allowed Geoghegan into second and dropped Jane to third. Norm Beechey finished fourth, only the second time he had finished a race during the season, while John French finished fifth in Geoghegan's Ford Falcon GTHO. The result left Jane in the championship lead with 34 points, Geoghegan in second place with 32 and Moffat in third with 31.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Oran Park
Bob Jane came into the final round in the championship lead with 34 points. Ian Geoghegan was second on 32, ahead of Allan Moffat with 31. With the points system giving nine points for victory and six points for second place, if any of the three championship contenders won the race they would also claim the title. Moffat took pole position, 1.2 seconds ahead of Jane and 1.7 ahead of Geoghegan. Moffat won the start, while Jane missed a gear and lost second place to Geoghegan. Moffat built a small lead in the opening laps, but once Jane passed Geoghegan the gap began to close. Moffat stopped on lap 16 with his car stuck in second gear, allowing Jane and Geoghegan past. Moffat was able to get his car moving shortly afterwards and rejoined the race.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Oran Park
Moffat began closing the fifteen second gap to Jane at around one second per lap. He struggled to find a way past Geoghegan, eventually doing so around the outside of the first corner, but not without making contact. With his lead down to six seconds, Jane began to push a little harder and was able to hold the gap. A spectator then drove a Valiant Pacer road car onto the circuit, entering at the Esses and pulling up at the entry to the pit lane.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summaries, Oran Park
In the process, he was almost hit by Moffat, who did not recall seeing the Pacer after the race. Moffat closed in on Jane in the final six laps, getting to within a few car lengths at the final corner. Jane held on to take the race win and the championship, while Moffat's second place saw him overtake Geoghegan, who finished third, for the runner-up spot in the points standings.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Points system
Points were awarded as follows to the top six finishers in each heat.


1971 Australian Touring Car Championship, Points system
Any six of the seven heats could be counted towards each drivers total.


1971 Austrian Grand Prix
The 1971 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Österreichring on 15 August 1971. It was race 8 of 11 in both the 1971 World Championship of Drivers and the 1971 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 54-lap race was won by BRM driver Jo Siffert after he started from pole position. Emerson Fittipaldi finished second for the Lotus team and Brabham driver Tim Schenken came in third. This was the debut race of the future world champion Niki Lauda.


1971 Austrian Grand Prix, Race report
Jo Siffert took a surprise pole position from Jackie Stewart and led away at the start from Clay Regazzoni and Jacky Ickx. The front two drew away from the pack, where Regazzoni was duelling with François Cevert and Ickx was dropping back with mechanical problems. On lap 21, Stewart-with a poorly handling car-allowed Cevert through so he could chase Siffert. Further down the field, there were two Brabham-Lotus battles,  with Tim Schenken duelling with Emerson Fittipaldi and Reine Wisell trading places with Graham Hill. By lap 32, Ickx had retired with a spark plug problem, Regazzoni had an engine blow up and Fittipaldi had passed Schenken and set about catching Stewart.


1971 Austrian Grand Prix, Race report
On lap 36, Stewart's race ended with a violent accident - his left rear driveshaft broke and the wheel was torn off. He emerged unhurt to be greeted as World Champion following Ickx's retirement. Cevert was chasing down Siffert, but with 12 laps to go his gearbox exploded.


1971 Austrian Grand Prix, Race report
Fittipaldi was now carving chunks out the BRM's lead, due to a left-rear puncture for the Swiss. However he managed to nurse the ailing car home for a popular victory by 4 seconds. Schenken was 3rd, with Wisell pipping Hill for 4th place - the Englishman was another to suffer a puncture in the dying stages and Pescarolo finished 6th in his March. Stewart won the Drivers' Championship with 3 races left to go.


1971 Austrian legislative election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Austria on 10 October 1971, following electoral reforms intended to benefit smaller parties. The number of seats in the National Council was increased from 165 to 183, and the proportionality of the seat distribution was increased as well.


1971 Austrian legislative election
The Socialist Party, which had governed as a minority government since 1970, won 93 of the 183 seats, a majority of two. Voter turnout was 92.4%. It was the first time that the Socialists had won an absolute majority at an election. They also won just over half of the vote, something no Austrian party had previously achieved in a free election. Socialist leader Bruno Kreisky remained Chancellor.


1971 Austrian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Austria on 25 April 1971. The result was a victory for incumbent President Franz Jonas of the Socialist Party, who received 52.8% of the vote. Voter turnout was 95.3%.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash
On January 7, 1971, a  Boeing B-52C Stratofortress (serial 54-26660) of Strategic Air Command crashed into northern Lake Michigan at the mouth of Little Traverse Bay near Charlevoix, Michigan, while on a low-level training flight. All nine crew members aboard were lost. No remains of the crewmen were recovered. Parts of the aircraft were retrieved from a water depth of 225 feet (69 m) in May and June 1971. The structural remains included parts of the wings, all eight engines, the tail, crew section, landing gear and wheels, plus numerous smaller parts of the plane. Oceans Systems, a Florida-based salvage company, carried out the recovery mission. It remains the deadliest plane crash involving a B-52 Stratofortress in aviation history.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Background
Strategic Air Command was formed by the United States Air Force after World War II to provide an active defense against any surprise attack by the Soviet Union. Though it had been an ally against Germany and Japan during World War II, by 1948 the Soviet Union showed a propensity to instigate problems with Britain, France and the United States. In August 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first nuclear weapon and by the early 1950s had detonated a hydrogen bomb. The war of words between the two superpowers escalated during 1950s and 1960s into a nuclear arms race.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Background
By 1970 the United States was using a "Triad Defense System" composed of nuclear submarines armed with nuclear missiles, land based intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads and bombers capable of delivering hydrogen bombs on enemy targets. The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bomber had been designed in the early 1950s by Boeing Aircraft Company to give the United States Air Force the capability of delivering nuclear weapons far inside the territory of Soviet Russia. The planes were to fly at high altitude with enough fuel to hit their target.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Background
In May 1960, the Soviet Union made known its capability to shoot such high altitude planes out of the sky by using a surface to air missile to strike CIA pilot Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane over Russian territory. From that point on, the high-altitude B-52 had to be modified to conduct missions at low level, something it was not intended to be.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, B-52C 54-2666
The B-52C used on the mission of Thursday January 7, 1971, with the call sign "Hiram 16", had been built in the summer of 1956 as one of thirty-five B-52C bombers. From 1952 to 1962 a total of 744 B-52s of all models were built. By January 1971, all thirty-one remaining B-52Cs were stationed at Westover Air Force Base near Springfield, Massachusetts. The aircraft were more than 15 years old and four of the original thirty-five had been lost to accidents. None of the remaining aircraft had been modified to cope with the structural stress demands of low-level flight.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, B-52C 54-2666
All were used for training in their designed high altitude role and, after May 1960, in the new low-level role. Low-level B-52 missions were typically flown at 300 to 500 ft (91 to 152 m) above ground level. Some of the aircraft stationed at Westover were loaned to other bases during the late 1960s and early 1970s, due to Strategic Air Command being use of later model B-52s in combat in Southeast Asia, beginning with Operation Rolling Thunder in March 1965.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Hiram 16 Crew
The crew that flew Hiram 16 on its final mission on 7 January 1971 were all veterans of the Vietnam War. They had been loaned by the Strategic Air Command to assist in that war effort and were back stateside by January 1971 to participate in a Cold War training mission that involved a low level flight over northern Lake Michigan at Bay Shore, Michigan's mobile Radar Bomb Scoring Site.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Hiram 16 Crew
Bay Shore was a radar site operated by Air Force technicians using electronic equipment designed to track, plot, score and at the same time jam the capability of bombers using its associated Olive Branch low level route. Olive Branch routes simulated what a bomb crew would experience over enemy territory. The crew members consisted of aircraft commander Lt. Col William Lemmon, co-pilot Lt. Douglas Bachman, radar navigator Cap. John Weaver, electronics warfare officer Cap. Joel Hirsch, tail gunner Tech. Sgt . Gerry Achey. Navigator instructor Maj. John Simonfy on board to recertify navigators and electronic warfare officers Lt. Douglas Ferguson, Maj. Gerald Black, and Maj. Donald Rousseau. The four extra crew members were on board for a SAC required low-level flight recertification.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Accident
After taking off from Westover Air Force Base at 1:30 pm EST, the "Hiram 16" crew completed a mandatory practice refueling procedure with its accompanying KC-135 Stratotanker. A second refueling attempt had to be aborted due to a minor hydraulic leak near the right bulkhead of the crew compartment. By 6 p.m. EST the bomber had successfully completed, and scored as 'positive,' the laying down of two electronic bombs at Bay Shore Ob-9 Route targets Echo and Foxtrot.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Accident
The bomber then proceeded to circle to its entry spot at the top of Lake Michigan to make its second and final bomb scoring run north to south towards Big Rock Point where targets Delta and Charlie were located. Weather at the time showed broken to overcast skies at 2500', visibility of two miles, with light snow and rime icing in clouds from 2500-6000'. The aircraft was flying below the cloud ceiling at approximately 300'-500' above the water. At 6:32 p.m. EST the bomb crew scored a successful drop on target Delta.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Accident
The plane's crew was in radio contact with the Air Force Bomb Scoring Site at Bay Shore to confirm the hit. The two crews were both trying to jam each other to recreate likely conditions over enemy territory. Bay Shore radar technicians observed the bomber on its radar until at 6:33 pm EST, when, a mere 20 seconds into the electronic pinging of target Charlie, the radar screen suddenly lit up in a bright flash, then went blank. No verbal contact was heard immediately before or after that loss of radar tracking. The large aircraft had simply disappeared from the radar screen.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Accident investigation
Recovery of the B-52C T/N 54-2666 was not accomplished until the end of June 1971. Winter weather and lake surface icing did not allow recovery procedures to continue when started in January 1971. Ocean Systems, a salvage company from Florida, retrieved parts of the plane that included all eight engines in four pods, crew and tail sections, landing gear and wheels, and large sections of the massive wings. All recovered parts were taken to the now-closed Kincheloe Air Force Base south of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and laid out in a hangar for inspection.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Accident investigation
Boeing engineer Lawrence Lee and USAF Col. Robert Saye inspected the salvaged parts and concluded that the accident was a result of structural failure between the left wing's two engine pods. With the loss of that wing, the plane nose-dived into the water exploding on impact. The plane's wings and fuselage were giant jet fuel cells that ignited and caused the explosion. No human remains were recovered. The plane's explosion was witnessed by at least five civilians living on Little Traverse Bay who all said the sky lit up like a giant fireball.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Accident investigation
Some said it 'appeared the sun was rising in the west.' The accident board noted for the record that the plane was not carrying nuclear weapons and thus was not a "broken arrow" accident. It was finally noted that the mishap aircraft's left wing spars had succumbed to metal fatigue and snapped in half.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Aftermath
Beginning in July 1963, United States Air Force bombers were being scored by Air Force technicians at the mobile radar scoring site in Bay Shore, Michigan. The site was made up of mobile trailers filled with electronic equipment used to track, plot and jam the incoming aircraft and its crew. Each mission was a simulated use of electronics on the bomber to jam enemy radar so that the Cold War mission could be accomplished, while at the same time the ground crew of radar and electronic technicians were doing the same.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Aftermath
5 miles (8.0 km) west of the Bay Shore site was the Big Rock Point Nuclear Power Plant owned by Consumers Power and had gone active in October 1962. The 67 MegaWatt nuclear reactor was encased in concrete under a steel dome that was 5.5 in (140 mm) thick. From July 1963, most low-level training flight bomber crews had been using the large green dome of the nuclear power plant as a sight target since flying directly over the Bay Shore radar site did not give the ground technicians the ability to properly score the planes.


1971 B-52C Lake Michigan crash, Aftermath
The bombers had to be either west or east of the Bay Shore-based site. As early as November 1963 Consumers Power officials were complaining about the overflights stating in one letter that they posed an exceedingly high risk factor in the event of a crash into its facility. The B-52C was traveling at 365 mph (317 kn; 587 km/h) when the main spar in its left wing suffered a major structural failure, causing a complete loss of pilot control. It was 5 mi (8.0 km) due north of Big Rock Point when it went down on a 312-degree trajectory from the Bayshore Bomb Scoring Site. Both the Big Rock Point Nuclear Power Plant and the Bay Shore Bomb Scoring Site have since been closed.


1971 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
1971 was the seventh occasion on which the  BBC2 Floodlit Trophy competition had been held. This year was another new name on the  trophySt. Helens won the trophy by beating Rochdale Hornets by the score of 8-2The match was played at Knowsley Road, Eccleston, St Helens, Merseyside. The attendance was 9,255 and receipts were £2,493This was St. Helens first victory after being runner-up in three of the  previous six finals


1971 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Background
This season saw no changes in the  entrants, no new members and no withdrawals, the number remaining at eighteen. The format was changed back to that favoured in previous seasons when the  preliminary round was played on a two-legged home and away basis with the  rest of the tournament being played on a knock-out basis. The preliminary round involved four clubs, to reduce the  numbers to sixteen.


1971 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Preliminary round – second leg
Involved  2 matches and the same 4 Clubs in reverse fixtures


1971 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers
Scoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points


1971 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments
1 * This match was televised2 * Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook 1990-1991 and 1991-92 and the  St. Helens official archives give the  attendance as 9,300, but RUGBYLEAGUEprojects gives it as 9,2553  * Knowsley Road was the home of St Helens R.F.C. from 1890 until its closure in 2010. The final capacity was 17,500 although the record attendance was 35,695 set on 26 December 1949 for a league game between St Helens and Wigan.


1971 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar
The Rugby League BBC2 Floodlit Trophy was a knock-out competition sponsored by the BBC and between rugby league clubs, entrance to which was conditional upon the club having floodlights. Most matches were played on an evening, and those of which the second half was televised, were played on a Tuesday evening. Despite the competition being named as 'Floodlit', many matches took place during the afternoons and not under floodlights, and several of the entrants, including  Barrow and Bramley did not have adequate lighting.


1971 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar
And, when in 1973, due to the world oil crisis, the government restricted the use of floodlights in sport, all the matches, including the Trophy final, had to be played in the afternoon rather than at night. The Rugby League season always (until the onset of "Summer Rugby" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused by inclement weather)


1971 BC Lions season
The 1971 BC Lions finished in fourth place in the Western Conference, with a 6–9–1 record, and failed to make the playoffs.


1971 BC Lions season
On January 1, Eagle Keys was hired as head coach after coaching Saskatchewan to four consecutive 12+ win seasons, including a 14–2 record in 1970. However, the Lions did not have the talent that the Roughriders had accumulated, and the Lions had a second consecutive 6-win season.


1971 BC Lions season
Jim Evenson had another outstanding season and finally won the CFL rushing title, with 1247 yards rushing, and was the lone Lion on the CFL all-star team.


1971 BC Lions season
During the season rookie Don Moorhead gradually won the starting quarterback job due to injuries and performance issues with incumbent 3-year starter Paul Brothers (who was traded to Ottawa late in the season) and backup Tom Wilkinson.


1971 BC Lions season
Carl Weathers, who later became better known as an actor, joined the team as a linebacker and was on the Lions roster until 1973.


1971 BC Lions season
For the season, the Lions helmet had a special logo celebrating British Columbia's centennial. The Canadian Confederacy Centennial logo has three orange Cs linked with a small white Pacific dogwood flower at the centre.


1971 BMC Invitational
The 1971 BMC Invitational, also known as the British Motor Cars Invitational, was a women's tennis tournament that took place on indoor carpet courts at the Civic Auditorium in San Francisco in the United States. It was the initial tournament of the 1971 WT Women's Pro Tour and as such was the first all-female professional tournament as part of a women's tennis tour. The event was held from January 6 through January 9, 1971. The final drew an attendance of 3,100 spectators who saw first-seeded Billie Jean King won the singles title .


1971 BMC Invitational, Finals, Doubles
Billie Jean King /  Rosie Casals defeated  Françoise Dürr /  Ann Jones 6–4, 6–7, 6–1


1971 BMC Invitational – Singles
Billie Jean King won in the final 6–3, 6–4 against Rosie Casals.