1970 Tidewater 300, Race report
Other top participants were Benny Parsons (with his first career pole position), Pete Hamilton, John Sears, James Hylton, Neil Castles, Elmo Langley, J.D. McDuffie, Frank Warren, and Jabe Thomas. This was the biggest racing grid of any race on the site at Langley with 30 drivers competing at the start. However, only twenty of them managed to complete the race.


1970 Tidewater 300, Race report
The top prize of the race was $1,635 ($10,764 when adjusted for inflation) and the prize for thirtieth place was $200 ($1,317 when adjusted for inflation). Total winnings were considered to be $10,015 ($65,934 when adjusted for inflation). Benny Parsons and Bobby Allison were constantly competing for the lead in parts of the race. Most of the vehicles that failed to finish the race were due to problems in their engine.


1970 Tidewater 300, Race report
Roy Tyner would race his final NASCAR Cup series race here while Rodney Bruce would make his only NASCAR Grand National Series appearance.


1970 Tidewater 300, Race report
Notable crew chiefs for this race included Junie Donlavey, Harry Hyde, Lee Gordon and Don Lawrence.


1970 Tidewater 300, Race report
Unfortunately, it would also be the last race ever for Langley Field. Even though the race was more than 300 miles, it was not considered to be modern enough for the evolving vehicles of what would become the NASCAR Winston Cup Series the following year. Many of the "pioneer race courses" did not survive NASCAR's abbreviated schedule as the organizers believed that the older tracks were not modern enough for the faster and newer vehicles.


1970 Tidewater 300, Race report, Finishing order
† signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race


1970 Tidewater 300, Post-race issues, Sponsorship
After years of not needing a primary sponsor, the Big Tobacco conglomerate R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company would become the main sponsor the following season with their Winston cigarette brand. Using their once-abundant profit margin they acquired while getting America's adult smokers to use their products on a habitual basis, the new primary sponsor would help bring NASCAR into its "modern era." This would bring about the unintended consequences of non-automotive sponsors into the sport. An increasing level of media coverage outside of the American Deep South would also help to bring the sport into the modern era.


1970 Tidewater 300, Post-race issues, Sponsorship
Giveaway products in later years like T-shirts, knives, and cigarette lighters were often used as merchandise items handed out by American variety stores. All the customer had to was purchase a carton of Winston cigarettes and the bonus item would be added free of charge. All other cigarette products would not allow the customer to acquire free NASCAR merchandise because only the Winston brand was considered the official tobacco product of NASCAR. Unlike the more expensive items like jackets, merchandise from the main sponsor often dealt with NASCAR in general and never with a specific driver.


1970 Tidewater 300, Post-race issues, Distant changes
Reynolds' premier cigarette brand would remain as NASCAR's top sponsor until 2004 when a telecommunications company known as Nextel Communications would take over due to declining North American tobacco sales in the 21st century. This would force the Winston Cup Series (also known as the Winston Cup Grand National Series prior to circa 1985) to change its name to the Nextel Cup Series.


1970 Tidewater 300, Post-race issues, Distant changes
Computer games released from 2005 to the present day (i.e., NASCAR 2005: Chase for the Cup, NASCAR SimRacing) were allowed to use the name of NASCAR's premier racing series without having to use an ambiguous title because tobacco was no longer involved in its sponsorship. After a few years, the Nextel company would merge with another telecommunications company to form the Sprint Nextel company. This new corporate sponsor would take over primary sponsorship starting in 2008 (making it necessary to change the name of the Nextel Cup Series into the Sprint Cup Series).


1970 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1970 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 80th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.


1970 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
On 4 October 1970, Roscrea won the championship after a 3-11 to 2-12 defeat of Thurles Sarsfields in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their third championship title overall and their third title in succession.


1970 Tirreno–Adriatico
The 1970 Tirreno–Adriatico was the fifth edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 11 March to 15 March 1970. The race started in Casal Palocco and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Antoine Houbrechts.


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
The 1970 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented the University of Toledo in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In their eighth and final season under head coach Frank Lauterbur, the Rockets compiled a 12–0 record, outscored all opponents by a combined total of 384 to 88, and won the MAC championship. The season ended with a 40–12 victory over Southern Conference champion William & Mary in the 1970 Tangerine Bowl. The Rockets were ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll and No. 17 in the final UPI Poll. After the Tangerine Bowl, William & Mary head coach Lou Holtz said, "Toledo can play football with anyone – that includes teams like Ohio State and Texas."


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
The 1970 season was part of a 35-game winning streak that consisted of three consecutive seasons from 1969 through 1971. During the streak, Toledo won three consecutive MAC championships and three consecutive bowl games, led the nation in total defense all three years, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 1,152 to 344. It remains the second longest winning streak in modern Division I-A college football history behind Oklahoma's 47-game streak in the 1950s.


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
The defense led the way for the 1970 team, allowing 104.8 rushing yards, 185.8 total yards, 3.7 turnovers forced, and 7.3 points per game. In a game against Dayton, Toledo allowed only 44 yards of total offense, zero rushing first downs, and zero passing yards, each of which remains a program record. In a 52–3 victory over Marshall, the team forced seven turnovers.


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
Defensive tackle Mel Long was selected as a first-team All-American by the Newspaper Enterprise Association. Eleven Toledo players received first-team All-MAC honors: Mel Long, quarterback Chuck Ealey, fullback Charlie Cole, end Don Fair, offensive guard Bob Caverly, offensive tackle Ken Wilson, defensive end Bob Rose, linebacker John Niezgoda, middle guard Steve Schnitkey, and defensive backs Tom Duncan and Gary Hinkson.


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
For the second consecutive year, Chuck Ealey was named MAC Back of the Year, and Frank Lauterbur was named MAC Coach of the Year. Mel Long was also named MAC Lineman of the Year. Ken Crots, who converted six of 18 field goal attempts, Ealey also won the Jim Nicholson Award as the player contributing the most to the team's success. The team captains were Tom Duncan and Tony Harris.


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
The team's statistical leaders included Chuck Ealey with 2,026 passing yards, Charles Cole with 774 rushing yards, Don Fair with 949 receiving yards, Tom Duncan with 76 points scored, Steve Schnitkey with 178 tackles, and Gary Hinkson with seven interceptions.


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
The Rockets played their home game in the Glass Bowl. The attendance at six home games was 93,120, an average of 15,520 per game.


1970 Toledo Rockets football team
One day before the Rockets' appearance in the Tangerine Bowl, Frank Lauterbur confirmed a leak that he was leaving the program to become the head football coach at Iowa. Lauterbur compiled a 48–32–2 record in eight seasons at Toledo.


1970 Tonghai earthquake
The 1970 Tonghai earthquake (Chinese: 1970年通海地震) occurred at 01:00:41 local time on January 5 with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The strike-slip rupture originated on the Red River Fault, which had not experienced an earthquake above magnitude 7 since 1700, and affected Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China. At least 10,000 people were killed, making it one of the deadliest in its decade. The tremor caused between US$5 to $25 million in damage, felt over an area of 8,781 km2 (3,390 sq mi). In Hanoi, North Vietnam, almost 483 km (300 mi) from the epicenter, victims left their homes as the rupture rumbled through the city.


1970 Tonghai earthquake
Occurring during the height of the Cultural Revolution, it was not widely publicized by the Chinese government for well over a decade. The amount of aid and finances distributed was described by the Beijing Morning Post as "pathetically small". Much of the aid provided to survivors was in "spiritual" form, including Mao Zedong badges and condolence letters. Nevertheless, the earthquake was among the first to be studied over a long term by the Chinese government. It was cited as one of the reasons behind creating the largest earthquake monitoring system in China, 25 years later.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Background and tectonics
Yunnan, the epicentral region, is one of the more seismically active Chinese provinces. The earliest earthquake recorded there was in the 9th century; however, moderate to strong ones have been observed since the 15th century. Since the 9th century, 32 earthquakes with a magnitude of 7 or greater have occurred in the province. Shallow strike-slip faulting is a characteristic of Yunnan quakes.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Background and tectonics
Earthquakes in southwestern Yunnan, such as the 1970 Tonghai event, are less frequent than in other parts of the province. The Red River Fault, the fault line on which this quake is alleged to have occurred, has lacked seismological activity as a whole. Red River temblors generally rise at high angles, as shown in a 1962 Ministry of Geology report. Marking in sedimentary rocks indicate that several large earthquakes formed on the fault during the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Background and tectonics
Until this quake, no earthquake above magnitude 7.0 on the Richter scale had occurred on this fault since about 1700, and the fault was believed to be "dead". Since the 1970 Tonghai rupture, it is believed that the Red River fault is instead experiencing a long seismic gap similar to that of the Japan Median Tectonic Line, on which no major temblor has formed since 700 but produced massive ones during the Holocene epoch.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Damage and casualties
The epicenter of the quake was about 121 km (75 mi) southwest of Kunming and 97 km (60 mi) northwest of Gejiu; this area was mainly a tobacco-growing region. Effects of the rupture were felt over an area of 8,781 km2 (3,390 sq mi). In Hanoi, North Vietnam, almost 483 km (300 mi) from the epicenter, victims left their homes as the rupture rumbled through the city.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Damage and casualties
The earthquake measured 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale. It may have killed more than 15,000 people, making it the third deadliest in China during the 20th century, and injured an additional 26,783. The tremor caused between US$5 to $25 million in damage. A Reuters news report, the only one in the immediate aftermath, mentioned the recording of a "severe" quake by Hong Kong's Royal Observatory and cited an unconfirmed report that it might have destroyed part of Kunming. It caused 50 km (31 mi) of visible surface faulting on the Tonghai Fault.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Damage and casualties
There was a maximum horizontal offset of 2.5 m (8 ft) and vertical offset of about 0.5 m (1.5 ft). As a result of inversion techniques, scientists were able to decide that several events comprised the surface faulting. This further confirmed that the earthquake, along with a later earthquake in Yunnan in 1973, corresponded to a fault within the area.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Aftermath, Scientific study
The earthquake was among the first to be studied over a long term by the Chinese government. More than 40 Chinese seismologists, engineers, and geologists visited the disaster zone to conduct research into the cause and damage of the earthquake; some spending as much as a year collecting soil samples and recording other primary research evidence for future study. Such data was collected over a broad area of almost 1,400 towns within the area.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Aftermath, Reaction
According to the Reuters report, the survivors came together to "fight against the disaster". Much of the aid provided to survivors was in "spiritual" form. The Chinese government sent tens of thousands of Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong books and badges in his honor to victims as part of the relief effort, and survivors also received 14,350 sympathy letters. However, the amount of aid and finances distributed was described by the Beijing Morning Post 30 years later as "pathetically small."


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Aftermath, Reaction
The details of the earthquake were not widely publicized by Chinese authorities until about 18 years after its occurrence. In China's first decades of Communist rule, its policy was to not disclose natural disasters or accidents unless foreigners were injured. While the Chinese official press had not released a comprehensive report, Reuters and the Royal Hong Kong Observatory both released information soon after the disaster. At the time of the quake, the Xinhua News Agency briefly mentioned a smaller magnitude quake but did not provide information on damage or casualties.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Aftermath, Reaction
On 19 November 1988, nearly nineteen years later, Chen Zhangli of the State Seismology Bureau, speaking at a news conference for another earthquake that had recently occurred, estimated the death toll of the 1970 quake to be 10,000. He did not give a reason why his government had not previously disclosed this knowledge. Government officials from China released a different estimate in 2000, putting the death toll at 15,621. China published the estimate after a memorial service for survivors and relatives was held in Yuxi on 5 January. A Yuxi Seismology Bureau official noted that the information had been classified for "political reasons" and the death toll estimate had been known among bureaucrats as early as 1997.


1970 Tonghai earthquake, Aftermath, Reaction
Twenty-five years after the earthquake, the largest earthquake-monitoring network nationally was established in Yunnan. It set up earthquake offices in every county to prepare for another large rupture. The 1970 Tonghai earthquake was cited as one of the reasons behind creating the monitoring system.


1970 Torneo Descentralizado
The 1970 Torneo Descentralizado was the 54th season of the highest division of Peruvian football. Torino and SIMA made their debut in the first division this season. The national champion was Sporting Cristal while SIMA and Grau were relegated.


1970 Torneo Descentralizado, Competition modus
The season was divided into two phases. In the first phase the 14 teams played each other twice playing at least one home match and one away match. The teams that finished in first to seventh place advanced to the championship group which contested the national title. The teams that finished in eighth to fourteenth place advanced to the relegation group where they determined the two teams that would be relegated from the division. Teams carried their first phase results in the second phase and played the teams in their group at least once.


1970 Torneo Descentralizado, Competition modus
The points system during the season varied. In the first leg of the first phase—the first 13 rounds—2 points were awarded for a win, 1 point for a draw and no points for a loss; in the second leg of the first phase—the last 13 rounds—and in the second stage a win was awarded 4 points, a draw was awarded 2 points and no points were awarded for a loss.


1970 Torneo di Viareggio
The 1970 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.


1970 Torneo di Viareggio, Format
The 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds. The round of 16 are played in two-legs, while the rest of the rounds are single tie.


1970 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1970 Toronto Argonauts finished in second place in the Eastern Conference with an 8–6 record. They appeared in the Eastern Semi-Final.


1970 Tour de France
The 1970 Tour de France was the 57th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 27 June and 19 July, with 23 stages covering a distance of 4,254 km (2,643 mi). It was the second victory for Belgian Eddy Merckx, who also won the mountains classification, and nearly won every major jersey for a 2nd year in a row but finished second in the points classification behind Walter Godefroot by five points. The previous year only one rider was able to keep him within 20:00 and in 1970 a mere four other riders were within 20:00, with only debutant Joop Zoetemelk finishing inside 15:00 of Merckx.


1970 Tour de France, Teams
The Tour de France started with 15 teams, of 10 cyclists each, from five different countries. A few days before the Tour started, it became known that Paul Gutty had failed a doping test when he won the French national road championship. Gutty was removed from his Frimatic team, and replaced by Rene Grelin.


1970 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
After his dominating victory in the previous year, Merckx was the major favourite. The main competition was expected from Luis Ocaña and Bernard Thévenet. Early in the race, 86 journalists predicted who would be in the top five of the Tour. 85 of them expected Merckx to be in the top five; Ocana was named by 78, Poulidor by 73. Merckx had already won important races in 1970, including Paris–Roubaix, Paris–Nice, the Giro d'Italia and the Belgian national road championship. Luis Ocaña, who had won the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and the Vuelta a España, suffered from bronchitis, but still started the Tour, unable to seriously challenge Merckx.


1970 Tour de France, Route and stages
The 1970 Tour de France started on 27 June, and had no rest days. After the financial success of the split stages in the 1969 Tour de France, even more split stages were used in the 1970 Tour. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,115 m (6,939 ft) at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 19.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
The big favourite Merckx won the opening prologue, but he decided not to try to keep this leading position during the entire race. In the next stage, Merckx' team chased back all the escapees, so the stage ended in a bunch sprint, and Merckx kept the lead. In the second stage, a few cyclists escaped, and two of Merckx' teammates, Italo Zilioli and Georges Vandenberghe, joined the escape.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
Merckx' teammate Zilioli was ranked highest amongst the escaped cyclists, and none of them were considered competitors for the general classification, so Guillaume Driessens, Merckx's team leader, allowed the breakaway to work, and told Zilioli and Vandenberghe to give their best. Merckx however chased his own teammates. The group stayed away, Zilioli won the sprint and became the new leader, 4 seconds ahead of Merckx.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
After the stage, Merckx was angry at his team leader, because he had allowed Zilioli to "steal" Merckx' yellow jersey, but Driessens explained to him that the other teams had spent energy to chase Zilioli, and the argument was over. Merckx team won the team time trial, and controlled the next stages, keeping Zilioli the leader with Merckx in second place.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
In the sixth stage, Zilioli had a flat tire. Normally, if the leader in the Tour de France suffers a flat tire, a teammate would offer his wheel, and some teammates would stay with him to help him get back into the peloton. However, this time Merckx was considered more important, and Zilioli was given no help. Zilioli finished the stage one minute behind, and Merckx was the new leader.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
The seventh stage was split in two. Merckx won the first stage with a solo break, and finished second in the second part, a time trial. In that time trial, run during the rain, Roger de Vlaeminck, third in the general classification, took too much risk, fell down and left the race in an ambulance. Merckx saw De Vlaeminck lying on the street during his race, and decided to take less risks, allowing José Antonio González Linares to win the stage by three seconds. Because Roger de Vlaeminck had left the race, his team Mars needed a new captain. Debutant Joop Zoetemelk was the highest ranked cyclist, and became the new captain.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
In the ninth stage, Mogens Frey and Joaquim Agostinho, teammates, broke away together. They worked together to stay away, but near the end of the stage Frey stopped working and had Agostinho do all the work, even after his team manager told him to help. In the sprint, Agostinho expected his teammate to give him the victory because he had done all the work, but to his surprise Frey started to come around him. Agostinho then grabbed Frey's handlebars, and crossed the finish line first. The race jury did not allow this, and gave the victory to Frey, putting Agostinho in second place.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
In the tenth stage, when the first medium mountains showed up, Merckx won the stage, and only three cyclists were able to stay with him, including Zoetemelk. Zoetemelk then rose to the second place, and he became the most important rival for Merckx.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
Zoetemelk, along with Luis Ocana and Bernard Thevenet would be the only serious rivals for the remainder of Merckx's career.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
Zoetemelk said that he would focus on defending his second place, because he thought Merckx was better than the rest of the world.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
After the thirteenth stage, Merckx heard that Vicenze Giacotto, who started the Faema team around Merckx, had died of a heart attack.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
Merckx increased his lead steadily in the mountain stages in the Alps. After he won the stage to the Mont Ventoux, Merckx briefly lost consciousness.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
In the two Pyrenéan stages, Merckx did not win. He was suffering from stomach problems, and changed bicycles several times. The young Bernard Thévenet won the first, showing his potential as a future Tour winner.


1970 Tour de France, Race overview
Merckx was the third cyclist to win the Tour-Giro double in one year; Fausto Coppi and Jacques Anquetil had done it before. Coppi and Anquetil were over thirty years old at their doubles, Merckx was only 25. The margin with the second placed cyclist was less than the year before; according to J.B. Wadley, the difference was that Merckx stopped attacking in 1970 after the Mont Ventoux; had he been inclined to win more time, he probably would have been able to.


1970 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1970 Tour de France, three of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.


1970 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.


1970 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, but was not identified with a jersey in 1970.


1970 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Another classification was the combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications, its leader wore the white jersey.


1970 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1970, this classification had no associated jersey.


1970 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps.


1970 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The intermediate sprints classification, sponsored by Miko, was also named "hot spot". In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Roger Pingeon won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The new rider classification was first calculated in 1970. It is not the same as the young rider classification, introduced in 1975. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col d'Aubisque on stage 19. This prize was won by Raymond Delisle.


1970 Tour de France, Aftermath
Merckx had been so dominant during the entire Tour, that the organisation was afraid the race would become dull. The director Félix Lévitan announced that rule changes were considered to break the power of Merckx's team, that he was considering to return to national teams, and to reduce the number of time trials in the Tour. The 1971 Tour did not see major changes in rules, but the number of individual time trials decreased from five to two.


1970 Tour de Romandie
The 1970 Tour de Romandie was the 24th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 6 May to 10 May 1970. The race started in Geneva and finished in Lausanne. The race was won by Gösta Pettersson.


1970 Tour de Suisse
The 1970 Tour de Suisse was the 34th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 11 June to 19 June 1970. The race started in Murten and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Roberto Poggiali of the Salvarani team.


1970 Tour du Haut Var
The 1970 Tour du Haut Var was the second edition of the Tour du Haut Var cycle race and was held on 2 March 1970. The race started in Nice and finished in Seillans. The race was won by René Grelin.


1970 Tour of Flanders
The 54th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling race in Belgium was held on Sunday 5 April 1970. Belgian Eric Leman won ahead of Walter Godefroot and Eddy Merckx, winning his first of three in the classic The race started in Ghent and finished in Gentbrugge. 37 out of 173 riders arrived.


1970 Tour of Flanders, Course
On the ascent of the Muur van Geraardsbergen Frenchman Roger Pingeon broke clear from the peloton. Eddy Merckx was the favourite to win the race and counter-attacked with Walter Godefroot and Eric Leman. They caught Pingeon on the Bosberg, the climb that made its first appearance in the Tour of Flanders. Pingeon was distanced in the finale and Merckx suffered a puncture in the ultimate kilometer. Leman beat Godefroot in a highly-contested two-man sprint and won the race, Merckx finished third.


1970 Tour of the Basque Country
The 1970 Tour of the Basque Country was the tenth edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 15 April to 19 April 1970. The race started and finished in Eibar. The race was won by Luis Santamarina of the Werner team.


1970 Trampoline World Championships
The 6th Trampoline World Championships were held in Bern, Switzerland on June 19, 1970.


1970 Trans-AMA motocross series
The 1970 Trans-AMA motocross series was an international series established by the American Motorcyclist Association as a pilot event to help establish motocross in the United States. The motocross series was an invitational based on a combined 250 and 500cc engine displacement formula, run on American tracks featuring the top riders from the F.I.M. world championship against the top American riders.


1970 Trans-AMA motocross series
BSA factory rider Dave Nicoll claimed the championship without winning a single event, due to his consistent results. The Suzuki team of Joel Robert and Olle Petterson didn't join the event until the third race of the series. Robert went on to dominate, but his late start hurt his chances to claim the overall championship. As a result of his being the highest placed American rider at fourth overall, Dick Burleson, was crowned the first-ever American motocross national champion.


1970 Trans-American Sedan Championship
The 1970 Trans-American Championship was a motor racing series organised by the Sports Car Club of America for SCCA Sedans. It was the fifth Trans-Am Championship. Ford (Thanks to Parnelli Jones and George Follmer) and still potent Alfa Romeo won the Over 2 Litre and Under 2 Litre titles respectively.


1970 Trans-American Sedan Championship
With Porsche's 911 moving to a 2.2L engine, the year marked the resurgence of Alfa Romeo as dominant in the Under 2 Liter class. The year also marked the first win for American Motors, with Mark Donohue driving a Penske Racing-prepared AMC Javelin, winning three races. Also winning for the first time was BMW, in the Under 2 Liter races at Bryar and Bridgehampton.


1970 Trans-American Sedan Championship, Schedule
The championship was contested over eleven rounds with separate races at each round for Under 2 Liter and Over 2 Liter cars.


1970 Trans-American Sedan Championship, Championships
Points were awarded according to finishing position. Only the highest-placed car scored points for the manufacturer. Only the best 9 finishes counted towards the championship. Drivers' championships were not awarded in Trans-Am until 1972.


1970 Trans-American Sedan Championship, Championships, Over 2.0L manufacturers
1970 was the first and only year that every Detroit "pony car" manufacturer has a factory-backed team in TransAm.


1970 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on 3 November 1970.


1970 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands parliamentary election, Electoral system
The bicameral Congress consisted of a 12-member Senate with two members from each of the six districts and a 21-member House of Representatives with seats apportioned to each district based on their population – five from Truk, four from the Marshall Islands and Ponape, three from the Mariana Islands and Palau and two from Yap.


1970 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands parliamentary election, Electoral system
Elections were held every two years in November of even-numbered years, with all members of the House of Representatives and half the Senate (one member from each district) renewed at each election.


1970 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands parliamentary election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the Progressive Party submitted a petition to annul the election results in Palau, where the Liberal Party had won all four contested seats (Roman Tmetuchl in the Senate and George Ngirarsaol, Timothy Olkeriil and Tarkong Pedro in the House of Representatives). The Progressives claimed that non-registered people had been able to vote, and ballots had been tampered with. A Senate committee subsequently recommended that the election of Tmetuchl be annulled. However, the Senate voted to allow Tmetuchl to take his seat, although the election of the three Palau House of Representatives members was annulled.


1970 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands parliamentary election, Aftermath
When the newly elected Congress met, Bethwel Henry of Ponape was re-elected Speaker of the House of Representatives and Amata Kabua of the Marshall Islands was re-elected President of the Senate.


1970 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands parliamentary election, Aftermath
The by-election for the three House of Representatives seats in Palau was held on 30 March, with Polycarp Basilius, Olkeriil and Pedro elected.


1970 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 1970 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season as an independent. In their fifth year under head coach Jim Pittman, the team compiled a 8–4 record and defeated Colorado in the Liberty Bowl.


1970 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1970 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach Claude "Hoot" Gibson, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 6–4 record, 3–1 against conference opponents, and finished in second place in the Missouri Valley Conference.


1970 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The team's statistical leaders included John Dobbs with 664 passing yards, Josh Ashton with 685 rushing yards, and Jim Butler with 245 receiving yards.


1970 Tuscan regional election
The Tuscan regional election of 1970 took place on 7–8 June 1970. It was the first-ever regional election.


1970 Tuscan regional election, Electoral law
Election was held under proportional representation with provincial constituencies where the largest remainder method with a Droop quota was used. To ensure more proportionality, remained votes and seats were transferred at regional level and calculated at-large.


1970 Tuscan regional election, Results
The Italian Communist Party was by far the largest party. After the election, the Communists formed a left-wing coalition government with the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity. Lelio Lagorio, a Socialist, was elected President of the Region.


1970 U.S. Clay Court Championships
The 1970 U.S. Clay Court Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament that was part of the Grand Prix. It was held at the Woodstock Country Club in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament in the Open Era and was held in from 27 July through 2 August. Cliff Richey and Linda Tuero won the singles titles.


1970 U.S. Clay Court Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Clark Graebner /  Arthur Ashe defeated  Ilie Năstase /  Ion Țiriac 2–6, 6–4, 6–4


1970 U.S. Clay Court Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Rosie Casals /  Gail Chanfreau defeated  Helen Gourlay /  Pat Walkden 6–2, 6–2


1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held at the Tulsa Assembly Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma from February 4 through 7, 1970. Medals were awarded in three colors: gold (first), silver (second), and bronze (third) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.


1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The event determined the U.S. team for the 1970 World Championships.


1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
Attendees at the competition noted that the standard of athleticism was rising among skaters in the lower-level divisions. Of particular note was Melissa Militano, who became one of the first female skaters to land a triple toe loop in winning the bronze medal in the junior ladies' event. Another trend was the domination of skaters from California rather than the traditional skating strongholds of the Northeast and Midwest.


1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Men
Tim Wood likewise defended his title in a unanimous decision. Wood dominated the compulsory figures part of the competition but skated conservatively in the free skating as he was dealing with a sprained ankle. John Misha Petkevich, previously known primarily for his free skating ability, was a surprising second in the figures, but some found his program to music from "On the Waterfront" jarring, and his costume—a stretch jumpsuit with a white eyelet shirt—was considered unusually daring as well. Meanwhile, Kenneth Shelley, who finished third, was the audience favorite of the free skating. Shelley was also the winner of the pairs event with his partner JoJo Starbuck.


1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ladies
Janet Lynn repeated as champion in a unanimous decision of the judges over Julie Lynn Holmes. Lynn won the compulsory figures as well as the free skating, where she skated a brilliant performance to Claude Debussy's "Rain Forest".


1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Pairs
JoJo Starbuck / Kenneth Shelley (also 3rd in men's event) won the title, following the retirement of the 1969 champions Cynthia Kauffman / Ronald Kauffman. The pairs field was considered relatively weak at this event.


1970 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ice dancing (Gold dance)
Judy Schwomeyer / James Sladky claimed their third consecutive national title.


1970 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1970 U.S. Open was the 70th U.S. Open, held June 18–21 at Hazeltine National Golf Club in Chaska, Minnesota, a suburb southwest of Minneapolis. Tony Jacklin shot under-par in all four rounds on his way to a seven-stroke victory and his only U.S. Open title, the second of his two major championships. He was the first champion born in England since Cyril Walker in 1924.


1970 U.S. Open (golf)
Jacklin led wire-to-wire and was hardly threatened throughout the championship. He took a four-shot lead over Dave Hill into the final round, and despite bogeys at the 7th and 8th, made a long birdie putt at 9 to quell any talk of a collapse. Jacklin shot a third consecutive round of 70 and a 281 total, seven clear of the field and the only player under par.


1970 U.S. Open (golf)
Opened eight years earlier, Hazeltine was hosting its first men's major championship, and reviews were less than positive. Runner-up Hill, when asked what the course lacked, said: "Eighty acres of corn and a few cows. They ruined a good farm when they built this course." The course underwent significant renovations; when the U.S. Open returned twenty-one years later in 1991 it drew generally positive reviews, even from Hill. Hazeltine later hosted the PGA Championship twice (2002, 2009) and the Ryder Cup in 2016.


1970 U.S. Open (golf)
Jacklin's win was the first in the U.S. Open by a European in over forty years and the last for forty more, until Graeme McDowell won at Pebble Beach in 2010. The next win by an Englishman was three years later in 2013, Justin Rose at Merion.


1970 U.S. Open (golf)
Future major winners Ben Crenshaw (age 18) and John Mahaffey (age 22) tied for low amateur honors at 301 (+13), tied for 36th place. Just out of high school, Crenshaw was tied for eighth after each of the first two rounds.


1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
The 1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA. It was classified as a Class 1 category tournament and was part of the 1970 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament and was held from August 3 through August 9, 1970. Fourth-seeded Tony Roche won the singles title and the accompanying $12,000 first prize money.


1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, Finals, Singles
Tony Roche defeated  Rod Laver, 3–6, 6–4, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2.


1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Roy Emerson /  Rod Laver defeated  Ismail El Shafei /  Torben Ulrich, 6–1, 7–6.


1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships – Doubles
The 1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, USA. It was classified as a Glass 1 category tournament and was part of the 1970 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament and was held from August 3 through August 9, 1970. Fourth-seeded Tony Roche won the singles title and the accompanying $12,000 first prize money.


1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships – Singles
The 1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, USA. It was classified as a Glass 1 category tournament and was part of the 1970 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament and was held from August 3 through August 9, 1970. Fourth-seeded Tony Roche won the singles title and the accompanying $12,000 first prize money.


1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships – Singles, Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.


1970 U.S. Professional Indoor
The 1970 U.S. Professional Indoor was a WCT tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was played at the Wachovia Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from February 2 through February 8, 1970. First-seeded Rod Laver won his second consecutive singles title at the event.


1970 U.S. Professional Indoor, Finals, Doubles
Ilie Năstase /  Ion Ţiriac defeated  Arthur Ashe /  Dennis Ralston 6–4, 6–3


1970 U.S. Professional Indoor – Doubles
Tom Okker and Marty Riessen were the defending champions, but lost in the second round this year.


1970 U.S. Professional Indoor – Doubles
Ilie Năstase and Ion Ţiriac successfully defended their title, defeating Arthur Ashe and Dennis Ralston 6–4, 6–3 in the final.


1970 U.S. Professional Indoor – Singles
Laver successfully defended his title, defeating Tony Roche 6–3, 8–6, 6–2 in the final.


1970 U.S. Women's Open
The 1970 U.S. Women's Open was the 25th U.S. Women's Open, held July 2–5 at Muskogee Country Club in Muskogee, Oklahoma.


1970 U.S. Women's Open
Defending champion Donna Caponi won the second of her four major titles, one stroke ahead of runners-up Sandra Haynie and Sandra Spuzich. Caponi's four-foot (1.3 m) putt for a double bogey on the final hole hung on the lip before falling to avoid a Monday playoff. She was the second of seven to successfully defend the championship, following Mickey Wright in 1959. Caponi entered the final round with a four-stroke lead and shot a 77 (+6).


1970 UC Davis Aggies football team
The 1970 UC Davis football team represented the University of California, Davis in the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. UC Davis competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The UC Davis sports teams were commonly called the “Cal Aggies” from 1924 until the mid 1970s.


1970 UC Davis Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by first-year head coach Jim Sochor. They played home games at Toomey Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of six wins and four losses (6–4, 3–2 FWC). They outscored their opponents 208–176 for the 1970 season.


1970 UC Davis Aggies football team, NFL Draft
No UC Davis Aggies players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 UC Riverside Highlanders football team
The 1970 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season.


1970 UC Riverside Highlanders football team
UC Riverside competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by first-year head coach Gary Knecht. They played home games at Highlander Stadium in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season with a record of four wins and six losses (4–6, 0–2 CCAA). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 192–306 for the season.


1970 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL
No UC Riverside players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The 1970 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season.


1970 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The Gauchos competed in the Pacific Coast Athletic Association. The team was led by first-year head coach Andy Everest, and played home games at Campus Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins and nine losses (2–9, 1–5 PCAA).


1970 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 UCI Road World Championships
The 1970 UCI Road World Championships took place on Sunday 16 August 1970 at Mallory Park in Leicester, United Kingdom.


1970 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1970 UCI Road World Championships was the 37th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 16 August 1970 in Leicester, England. The race was won by Jean-Pierre Monseré of Belgium.


1970 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1970 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Leicester, United Kingdom in 1970. Eleven events were contested, 9 for men (3 for professionals, 6 for amateurs) and 2 for women.


1970 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1970 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth and final year under head coach Tommy Prothro, the Bruins compiled a 6–5 record (4–3 Pac-8) and finished in a four-way tie for second place in the Pacific-8 Conference.


1970 UCLA Bruins football team
UCLA's offensive leaders in 1970 were quarterback Dennis Dummit with 2,392 passing yards, running back Marv Kendricks with 573 rushing yards, and wide receiver Rick Wilkes with 595 receiving yards.


1970 UCLA Bruins football team
In his final season at UCLA, Prothro's team suffered a rash of key injuries and finished 6–5, yet they were three close games from a 9–2 season and Rose Bowl berth. Before those injuries set in, UCLA took a 3–0 record into Austin to play defending national champ and top ranked Texas. Trailing 13–3 at the half, UCLA rallied and had a 17–13 lead in the final minute. But with 12 seconds left, Texas completed a long pass when their receiver caught the ball between two UCLA defenders, who then collided, allowing the receiver to score.


1970 UCLA Bruins football team
UCLA also blew a 20-point fourth quarter lead against Oregon, when Ducks sophomore quarterback Dan Fouts rallied his team to three touchdowns and a 41–40 win.


1970 UCLA Bruins football team
Finally, there came the showdown with Stanford; the game was expected to be a shootout between UCLA quarterback Dennis Dummit and Heisman winner Jim Plunkett. But the defenses ruled as UCLA took a 7–6 lead into the 4th quarter. Stanford took a 9–7 lead on a field goal, but UCLA was driving to a potential game-winning field goal or touchdown themselves when they completed a pass inside the Stanford 10-yard-line, only to have the receiver get sandwiched by two defenders on the tackle and fumble. This game ultimately decided the Pac-8 championship and 1971 Rose Bowl representative.


1970 UCLA Bruins football team
The season ended on a high note when UCLA beat rival USC, 45–20, in a game that was not that close. This would end up being Prothro's final game at UCLA.


1970 UCLA Bruins football team
Prothro was frustrated by bizarre officiating at critical moments, numerous last minute narrow losses, and losing out of the Rose Bowl by the conference vote in 1966. Prothro also decried the Pac-8 rule that only allowed the conference champion to go to a bowl game; he witnessed many lower ranked inferior teams (often ones he defeated during the season) go to bowl games while his Bruins stayed home. After George Allen was fired by the Los Angeles Rams, Prothro accepted that job.


1970 UEFA European Under-18 Championship
The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1970 Final Tournament was held in Scotland.


1970 UEFA European Under-18 Championship, Teams
The following teams entered the tournament. Six teams qualified (Q) and ten teams entered without playing qualification matches.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 44th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
Tote turnover deductions were changed, with tracks being allowed to charge anything up to 12.5% in deductions. The annual National Greyhound Racing Club returns were released, with totalisator turnover at £55,556,351 and attendances recorded at 7,365,653 from 5585 meetings. 1970 English Greyhound Derby finalist Moordyke Spot won the Oxfordshire Stakes, Playfield Cup, and ran undefeated through the Pall Mall Stakes, contributing to another winning streak of eight including the White City Championship. He was retired to stud in Galway at the end of the year and was named Greyhound of the Year.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
The Totalisator and Greyhound Holdings (T.G.H) were showing interest in buying stadia. They already held Crayford & Bexleyheath Stadium, Elland Road Greyhound Stadium, Brough Park and Gosforth Greyhound Stadium and then purchased the Midland Greyhound Racing Co Ltd owned tracks of Monmore Green Stadium and Willenhall Greyhound Stadium. Only the Greyhound Racing Association owned more tracks.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Hall Green Stadium underwent a major renovation when the club house was altered into a four tier restaurant costing £750,000. At the same time, the track kennels were replaced and the contract trainer system was brought in for the first time by the GRA, which would become a trend for most tracks in the near future. One of the contracted trainers was Geoff De Mulder, based from Meriden kennels. Another GRA track Powderhall modernised and new facilities included a 100 seated restaurant.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
There were changes too in the GRA trainer ranks with Peter Hawkesley moving to Harringay Stadium from West Ham Stadium to replace the retiring Wilf France. Hawkesley's head kennelhand Ted Parker was promoted to trainer at West Ham, who also appointed Colin West as another trainer. Self-service tote machines were also trialled by the company. Kings Heath Stadium was then purchased by the GRA Property Trust.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Perry Barr suffered major damage following a fire, the fire caused extensive damage but the main stand was rebuilt with a new restaurant and bar facilities and the track reopened soon after.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
Hendon Greyhound Stadium which was enlarged to hold 5,000 persons before Hackney & Hendon Greyhounds Ltd was subject to a reverse takeover by businessman George Walker, brother of boxing champion Billy Walker. This meant his private company bought a public company and the new merger resulted in a new company called Brent Walker. Plans for the UK's first stand-alone shopping centre would result in the track's closure in 1972.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
White City Stadium (Nottingham) closed after its owner Ernest Jolley, resulting in a sequence of events that led to the sale of the stadium to property developers.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Harry 'Bammy' Bamford and Ron Saunders had their first graded runners at Belle Vue Stadium and White City Stadium (Manchester) respectively. The Rayleigh Weir Stadium Racing Manager, Thomas Stanley was unwell and handed the reigns to Roy Vickery, a former Crayford General Manager. Hare coursing became illegal in Northern Ireland and Southend held the first ever televised race meeting in colour.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Owner/trainer Ernie Gaskin Sr. advertised a litter for sale, after his bitch Come on Dolores whelped to Newdown Heather (Newdown Heather was considered the best sire for many years). Four brothers Bert, Len, John and Arthur White bought four of the litter including a bitch called Dolores Rocket. The black bitch won the Puppy Oaks and Juvenile in 1970, both at Wimbledon and looked set for a big 1971. Dunstable GP Dr Dick Handley died, he was the founder of the Greyhound Breeders Forum. Leading greyhound owner Noel Purvis also died.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The Scottish Greyhound Derby returned at Shawfield Stadium, the new home of the event. The Steel City Cup was introduced at Owlerton Stadium. Wimbledon Stadium allowed private trainers to compete in a competition with Wimbledon runners; this gesture was welcomed by the private trainers association due to the fact that not many open races were advertised in the calendar for them. The Duke of Edinburgh Cup national inter-track competition grand final between White City and Brighton, ended with a win for White City.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland
The Irish Greyhound Board purchased Harold's Cross Stadium after speculation that it would be demolished for re-development. Irish greyhound owners threatened strikes after the Board held trap draws several days before the meeting. Owners wished to keep draws to half an hour before as in Northern Ireland.


1970 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland
P.J.Carroll and Co, a cigarette company became the first sponsors of the Irish Greyhound Derby, won by Monalee Pride.


1970 UMass Redmen football team
The 1970 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1970 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Vic Fusia and played its home games at Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts. The 1970 season was the last season in which Fusia coached the Redmen. UMass finished the season with a record of 4–5–1 overall and 3–1–1 in conference play.


1970 UNLV Rebels football team
The 1970 UNLV Rebels football team was an American football team that represented the University of Nevada, Las Vegas as an independent during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. In their third year under head coach Bill Ireland, the team compiled an 6–4 record.


1970 US Open (tennis)
The 1970 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 13 September. It was the 90th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1970.


1970 US Open (tennis)
It was the first Grand Slam tournament in which the tiebreak was used to decide the set at a 6-6 score. The 1970 US Open was the first tournament to introduce a final set tie-break in a Grand Slam. It differed from the current tie-break scoring in that it was won by the first player to reach five points with a sudden death at 4-4. A red flag would be put up by the umpire’s seat to draw fan attention to the tiebreaker in progress. Most players disapproved of the tiebreaker but the visitors loved it.


1970 US Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Pierre Barthès /  Nikola Pilić defeated  Roy Emerson /  Rod Laver, 6–3, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6


1970 US Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Margaret Court /  Judy Tegart Dalton defeated  Rosemary Casals /  Virginia Wade, 6–3, 6–4


1970 US Open (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles
Margaret Court /  Marty Riessen defeated  Judy Tegart Dalton /  Frew McMillan, 6–4, 6–4


1970 US Open – Men's Doubles
Ken Rosewall and Fred Stolle were the defending US Open men's doubles tennis champions but lost their title after a defeat in the semifinals.


1970 US Open – Men's Doubles
Eighth-seeded Pierre Barthès and Nikola Pilić won the title by defeating sixth-seeded Roy Emerson and Rod Laver 6–3, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 in the final.


1970 US Open – Men's Singles
Ken Rosewall defeated Tony Roche 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(5–2), 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1970 US Open. Rod Laver was the defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Dennis Ralston.


1970 US Open – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Ken Rosewall is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1970 US Open – Mixed Doubles
Marty Riessen and Margaret Court were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, defeating Frew McMillan and Judy Dalton 6–4, 6–4 in the final.


1970 US Open – Women's Doubles
Françoise Dürr and Darlene Hard were the defending champions but competed this year with different partners. Françoise Dürr teamed up with Gail Chanfreau, and lost in the semifinals to Margaret Court and Judy Dalton. Darlene Hard teamed up with Peaches Bartkowicz, and lost in the quarterfinals to Françoise Dürr and Gail Chanfreau.


1970 US Open – Women's Doubles
Margaret Court and Judy Dalton won the title by defeating Rosemary Casals and Virginia Wade 6–3, 6–4 in the final.


1970 US Open – Women's Singles
Margaret Court was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Rosie Casals in the final, 6–2, 2–6, 6–1, to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1970 US Open. This was Court's 20th Grand Slam tournament win overall, surpassing Helen Wills Moody for the most grand slam singles titles in women's tennis history, a record she holds to this day. By holding the four major titles at the same time, Court became the first woman in the Open Era to complete a Grand Slam.


1970 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1970 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships men's competition took place between June 26-28 at Memorial Stadium on the campus of Bakersfield College in Bakersfield, California. The women's division held their championships separately a little over a hundred miles south at Drake Stadium on the campus of University of California, Los Angeles in Westwood, California.


1970 USAC Championship Car season
The 1970 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 18 races, beginning in Avondale, Arizona on March 28 and concluding at the same location on November 21. There was also one non-championship event at Pikes Peak, Colorado. The USAC National Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was Al Unser. After this season, dirt courses did not reappear in the USAC Championship until 1981-82. Road courses after this season did not reappear in the USAC Championship until 1977. The Pikes Peak Auto Hill Climb was the only non-championship event.


1970 USAC Championship Car season, Schedule and results
No pole is awarded for the Pikes Peak Hill Climb, in this schedule on the pole is the driver who started first. No lap led was awarded for the Pikes Peak Hill Climb, however, a lap was awarded to the drivers that completed the climb. Scheduled for 300 miles, stopped early due to rain.


1970 USAC Championship Car season, Final points standings
Note: Mark Donohue, Kevin Bartlett, Peter Revson, LeeRoy Yarbrough, John Cannon, Donnie Allison, Ron Grable, Jack Eiteljorg and Jack Brabham are not eligible for points.


1970 USC Trojans baseball team
The 1970 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1970 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached Rod Dedeaux in his 29th season.


1970 USC Trojans baseball team
The Trojans won the College World Series, defeating the Florida State Seminoles in the championship game, starting a run of five consecutive national championships for USC.


1970 USC Trojans baseball team, Trojans in the 1970 MLB Draft
The following members of the USC baseball program were drafted in the 1970 Major League Baseball Draft.


1970 USC Trojans football team
The 1970 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In their 11th year under head coach John McKay, the Trojans compiled a 6–4–1 record (3–4 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8), and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 343 to 233. The team was ranked #15 in the final AP Poll and #19 in the final Coaches Poll.


1970 USC Trojans football team
On September 12, 1970, USC opened the season visiting the University of Alabama under coach Bear Bryant and became the first fully integrated team to play in the State of Alabama. The game, scheduled by Bryant, resulted in a 42–21 win for the Trojans. More importantly, all six touchdowns scored by USC team were by African-American players, two by USC running back Sam "Bam" Cunningham, against an all-white Crimson Tide team. The game hastened the racial integration of football at Alabama and in the South.


1970 USC Trojans football team
Jim Jones led the team in passing, completing 121 of 234 passes for 1,877 yards with 10 touchdowns and 5 interceptions. Clarence Davis led the team in rushing with 214 carries for 972 yards and nine touchdowns. Bob Chandler led the team in receiving with 41 catches for 590 yards and three touchdowns.


1970 USC Trojans football team, 1970 team players in the NFL
The following players were claimed in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 USSR Chess Championship
The 1970 Soviet Chess Championship was the 38th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 25 November to 28 December 1970 in Riga. Viktor Korchnoi  won his fourth title. The future world champion Anatoly Karpov had a quiet debut, beginning with a loss and 10 draws out of the first 11 rounds before beating Vladimir Bagirov in a Alekhine Defence in round 12. Mikhail Tal should have played in Riga, his home town, but he didn't. It looks as if the organizers doubted, on his recent illness history, whether he would last out the 21-rounder. It was a decision that was to rankle for years, especially since Tal was physically present, but had to confine himself to the press room.


1970 UTEP Miners football team
The 1970 UTEP Miners football team was an American football team that represented the University of Texas at El Paso as a member of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach Bobby Dobbs, the team compiled a 6–4 record (4–3 against WAC opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 258 to 236.


1970 Uganda National First Division League
The 1970 Uganda National First Division League was the third season of the Ugandan football championship, the top-level football league of Uganda.


1970 Uganda National First Division League, Overview
The 1970 Uganda National First Division League was contested by 11 teams and was won by Coffee SC.


1970 Ukrainian Class B
The 1970 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR (Class B) was the 40th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Ukrainian Class B. It was the twentieth and last season in the Soviet Class B and the eighth season of the Ukrainian Class B.


1970 Ukrainian Class B
The 1970 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR (Class B) was won by FC Khimik Severodonetsk.


1970 Ukrainian Class B, Reorganization
In 1970–1971 the Soviet football league structure went through reformation. The Soviet Class A introduced an extra tier expanding from two to three in total. To the previous First and Second groups, there was introduced Higher (or Top) group. With this, many clubs that previously competed at the second tier (Second Group) were relegated to lower third tier (Second Group). Because of that, many clubs also moved two tiers either up the league's ladder.


1970 Ukrainian Class B, Reorganization
The 1970 Ukrainian Class B season was the last and the Soviet Class B competition were disbanded.


1970 Ukrainian Class B, Teams, Relegated teams
Three clubs were relegated from the 1969 Second Group (Class A).


1970 Ukrainian Class B, Final stage
All points earn by each team were carried over to the final stage.


1970 Umbrian regional election
The Umbrian regional election of 1970 took place on 7–8 June 1970.


1970 Umbrian regional election, Events
The Italian Communist Party was by far the largest party. After the election, Communist Pietro Conti formed a left-wing coalition government with the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (Popular Democratic Front).


1970 United Arab Republic presidential confirmation referendum
Presidential elections were held in the United Arab Republic on 15 October 1970, following the death of the incumbent Gamal Abdel Nasser. The election took the form of a referendum on the candidacy of Anwar El Sadat, who ran unopposed. In Egypt he won with 90% of the vote, with a turnout of 85%.


1970 United Kingdom general election
The 1970 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 18 June 1970. It resulted in a surprise victory for the Conservative Party under leader Edward Heath, which defeated the governing Labour Party under Harold Wilson. The Liberal Party, under its new leader Jeremy Thorpe, lost half its seats. The Conservatives, including the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), secured a majority of 30 seats. This general election was the first in which people could vote from the age of 18, after passage of the Representation of the People Act the previous year, and the first UK election where party, and not just candidate names were allowed to be put on the ballots.


1970 United Kingdom general election
Most opinion polls prior to the election indicated a comfortable Labour victory, and put Labour up to 12.4% ahead of the Conservatives. On election day, however, a late swing gave the Conservatives a 3.4% lead and ended almost six years of Labour government, although Wilson remained leader of the Labour Party in opposition. Writing in the aftermath of the election, the political scientist Richard Rose described the Conservative victory as "surprising" and noted a significant shift in votes between the two main parties. The Times journalist George Clark wrote that the election would be "remembered as the occasion when the people of the United Kingdom hurled the findings of the opinion polls back into the faces of the pollsters".


1970 United Kingdom general election
The result would provide the mandate for Heath as Prime Minister to begin formal negotiations for the United Kingdom to become a member state of the European Communities (EC)—or the "Common Market" as it was more widely known at the time, before it later became the European Union; the UK officially joined the EC on 1 January 1973, along with the Republic of Ireland and Denmark.


1970 United Kingdom general election
Frontbench Labour politicians George Brown and Jennie Lee were voted out at this election.


1970 United Kingdom general election
This marked the end of a series of elections, recommencing 27 years later, where the Labour Party won over 40% of the vote. This was the last election at which a House of Commons majority for one party immediately before election day was replaced by a Commons majority for a different party on election day.


1970 United Kingdom general election
The result was cast as a two-party politics outcome, with no third party reaching 10% of the (total) vote. Such an outcome would not happen again until the 2017 election.


1970 United Kingdom general election
The election was the last in which a nationwide UK party gained seats in Northern Ireland. The UUP sat with the Conservative Party at Westminster, traditionally taking the Conservative parliamentary whip. To all intents and purposes the UUP functioned as the Northern Ireland branch of the Conservative Party. In 1972, in protest over the permanent prorogation of the Parliament of Northern Ireland, the Westminster UUP MPs withdrew from the alliance.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Election date
The date of 18 June was supposedly chosen because Harold Wilson wanted as Prime Minister to go to the polls before the introduction of decimal coinage in early 1971, for which his government had been responsible and which he thought was hugely unpopular, and because Wilson sought to gain some momentum by surprising the Conservatives, who were expecting an October election.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
Commentators believed that an unexpectedly bad set of balance of payments figures (a £31-million trade deficit) published three days before the election and a loss of national prestige after the England football team's defeat by West Germany on 14 June in the World Cup contributed to the Labour defeat.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
Other factors that were cited as reasons for the Conservative victory included union indiscipline, rising prices, the risk of devaluation, the imposition of Selective Employment Tax (SET), and a set of jobless figures released on final week of the campaign showing unemployment at its highest level since 1940. Interviewed by Robin Day, the outgoing Prime Minister Harold Wilson highlighted the possibility that "complacency engendered by the opinion polls" may have resulted in a poor turnout of Labour supporters.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
As defending world champions, England's venture in the World Cup attracted a much keener public interest than the general election did. However an analysis by pollster Matt Singh for the 50th anniversary of the election concluded that the late swing had been caused by the weak economic data and that there was "no evidence" that the World Cup had influenced the outcome.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
American pollster Douglas Schoen and Oxford University academic R. W. Johnson asserted that Enoch Powell had attracted 2.5 million votes to the Conservatives, although the Conservative vote only increased by 1.7 million. Johnson later stated "It became clear that Powell had won the 1970 election for the Tories ... of all those who had switched their vote from one party to another, 50 per cent were working class Powellites".


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
The Professor of Political Science Randall Hansen assessed a range of studies, including some which contended that Powell had made little or no difference to the result, but concluded that "At the very least, Powell's effect was likely to have fired up the Conservative vote in constituencies which would have voted Tory in any event". Election night commentators Michael Barratt and Jeffrey Preece dismissed any special "Powell factor", as did Conservative MPs Reginald Maudling, Timothy Raison and Hugh Dykes.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
The 1970–74 Parliament has to date been the only time since the 1924–29 Parliament in which the Conservative Party were only in government for one term before returning to opposition.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
The most notable casualty of the election was George Brown, deputy leader of the Labour Party, who lost to the Conservative candidate in the Belper constituency. Brown had held the seat since 1945. Labour Minister for the Arts, Jennie Lee lost her Cannock seat, held by Labour since 1935  on a swing of 10.7% to the Conservatives in what Richard Rose called "the biggest upset" of the election.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
Unusually for the Liberal Party, the by-elections between 1966 and 1970 had proved almost fruitless, with many Liberal candidates losing deposits. The one exception was its by-election gain of Birmingham Ladywood in June 1969; this was promptly lost in the 1970 general election. The party found itself struggling to introduce its new leader Jeremy Thorpe to the public, owing to the extensive coverage and attention paid to Enoch Powell. The election result was poor for the Liberals, with Thorpe only narrowly winning his own seat in North Devon. Indeed, of the six MPs returned, three (Thorpe, David Steel and John Pardoe) were elected by a majority of less than 1,000 votes.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
The BBC's election coverage was led by Cliff Michelmore, along with Robin Day, David Butler and Robert McKenzie. There were periodic cutaways to the BBC regions. This coverage has been rerun on BBC Parliament on several occasions, including on 18 July 2005 as a tribute to Edward Heath after his death the previous day. Its most recent screening was on the 20th of June 2020, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of its first transmission. The BBC coverage was parodied by Monty Python's Flying Circus in its famous "Election Night Special" sketch.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Overview
Both BBC and ITN carried their 1970 election night broadcasts in colour, although segments broadcast from some remote locations and some BBC and ITN regional bureaus were transmitted in black-and-white. Some ITV regions were not yet broadcasting in colour at the time of the 1970 elections.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Timeline
The Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, visited Buckingham Palace on 18 May and asked the Queen to dissolve Parliament on 29 May, announcing that the election would be held on 18 June. The key dates were as follows:


1970 United Kingdom general election, Opinion poll summary
Summary of the final polling results before the general election.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Results
This was the first general election where 18-year-olds had the right to vote. Therefore, despite 1.1 million more people voting in 1970 compared to 1966, turnout actually fell by 3%. This 72% turnout was the lowest since the 1935 general election and compared with a post-War high of 84% in 1950. Professor Richard Rose described the low turnout, which he noted was "one of the lowest since the introduction of the democratic franchise", as surprising to politician and pollsters.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Results
Changes to electoral law as part of the Representation of the People Act 1969 had made postal voting easier and polling stations were open an hour later than in past elections, and this would have been expected to improve turnout. On top of this it was reported by Rose that an estimated 25% of 18- to 21-year-olds who were now eligible to vote had not put their names on the electoral register, meaning the turnout was even lower than the percentage figure suggested.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Results
Rose also argued that the turnout figures in Britain were "now among the lowest in the Western world." Because the previous election had been in 1966, some people had not had their chance to vote in a general election until the age of 25. Labour's number of votes, 12.2 million, was ironically the same amount they had needed to win in 1964. The Conservative vote surge cost Labour in many marginal seats. Rose suggested the absolute fall in the number of Labour votes suggested that many of the party's supporters had decided to abstain.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Results
He also noted that the Labour Party's local organisation was poorer than that of the Conservatives, but did not feel this was a significant factor in Labour supporters failing to come out to vote for the Party given that this organisational difference had been the case in past elections without having this effect. For the Liberals, a small 1% drop in their vote share saw them lose 6 seats, 3 of which were held by the narrowest of margins.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Results
In the end the Conservatives achieved a swing of 4.7%, enough to give them a comfortable working majority. As for the smaller parties, they increased their number in the Commons from 2 to 6 seats.


1970 United Kingdom general election, Results
The Scottish National Party won its first-ever seat at a general election (they had won several by-elections previously, going back as far as 1945).


1970 United Kingdom general election, Televised declarations
These declarations were covered live by the BBC where the returning officer was heard to say "duly elected".


1970 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
The 1970 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 31 March with 12 MPs elected in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post as part of the wider general election in the United Kingdom. It was the first general election held after the Representation of the People Act 1969 which reduced the voting age from 21 to 18.


1970 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results
The Ulster Unionists lost seats to the Protestant Unionist Party led by Ian Paisley, moderator of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, and to Unity, a nationalist organisation which had won a by-election in 1969.


1970 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results
In the election as a whole, the Labour Party failed to return to government and the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, formed a government led by Edward Heath as Prime Minister. This was the last parliament where the UUP took the Conservative whip in the House of Commons, breaking with them after the Parliament of Northern Ireland was suspended by the Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972.


1970 United Kingdom general election in Scotland
These are the results of the 1970 United Kingdom general election in Scotland. The election was held on Thursday 18 June 1970 and all 71 seats in Scotland were contested.


1970 United Kingdom local elections
Local elections were held in the United Kingdom in 1970. In April, elections were held to the Greater London Council and 13 county councils. In May there were elections to 83 county boroughs, 259 municipal boroughs and 521 urban district councils. There were also elections to Scottish burghs.


1970 United Kingdom local elections
The results showed a substantial recovery for the Labour Party, which had been in government since 1964 and had suffered heavy losses in council elections during the intervening years. The Liberals turned in their worst performance since Clement Davies was party leader. The Scottish National Party's vote was halved as a result of the pro-Labour swing in Scotland.


1970 United Kingdom local elections
Prime Minister Harold Wilson subsequently called a general election in June of that year, which the Labour Party lost contrary to the expectations of most opinion polls.


1970 United Nations Security Council election
The 1970 United Nations Security Council election was held on 26 October 1970 during the Twenty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Argentina, Belgium, Italy, Japan, and Somalia (for the first time), as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1971.


1970 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
The Security Council has 15 seats, filled by five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. Each year, half of the non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election.


1970 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
In accordance with the rules whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:


1970 United Nations Security Council election, Rules
To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. If the vote is inconclusive after the first round, three rounds of restricted voting shall take place, followed by three rounds of unrestricted voting, and so on, until a result has been obtained. In restricted voting, only official candidates may be voted on, while in unrestricted voting, any member of the given regional group, with the exception of current Council members, may be voted on.


1970 United Nations Security Council election, Result
The election was managed by then-President of the United Nations General Assembly Edvard Hambro of Norway. The United Nations had 127 member states at this time, with Fiji being admitted only three days before the election (for a timeline of UN membership, see Enlargement of the United Nations). There were no nomination prior to the vote. Delegates were to write the names of the five member states they wished elected on the ballot papers. Voting was conducted on a single ballot. Ballots containing more states from a certain region than seats allocated to that region were invalidated.


1970 United States Grand Prix
The 1970 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on October 4, 1970 at the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race Course in Watkins Glen, New York. It was race 12 of 13 in both the 1970 World Championship of Drivers and the 1970 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1970 United States Grand Prix
The 108-lap race was won by Emerson Fittipaldi, driving a Lotus-Ford, after he started from third position. Fittipaldi achieved his first Formula One victory, and the first for a Brazilian driver, in only his fourth Grand Prix start. Mexican driver Pedro Rodríguez finished second in a BRM, having led before a late pit stop for fuel, while Fittipaldi's Swedish team-mate Reine Wisell, making his F1 debut, finished third, which would turn out to be his only podium finish.


1970 United States Grand Prix
Belgian driver Jacky Ickx finished fourth in his Ferrari, having started from pole position before pitting to repair a broken fuel line. This result meant that Jochen Rindt became the first and, to date, only posthumous Formula One World Champion.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
The Ferrari of Jacky Ickx was fastest in the initial practice session on Friday with a time of 1:03.07, but expectations were high for the Tyrrell 001 of Jackie Stewart, which had nearly won in its first outing in the previous race in Canada. The final session on Saturday was marred by a downpour that left only fifteen minutes of dry track time, and it was not enough for Stewart to knock Ickx off the pole. Emerson Fittipaldi, who spent the first half of the season in European Formula Two, was just five hundredths behind Stewart in third.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
On Sunday, with a crowd exceeding 100,000 for the second straight year, black clouds and a shower 20 minutes prior to the race caused a lot of excitement among the crews on the grid, as many teams changed to rain tires and back again. By the start, however, all but Clay Regazzoni and Derek Bell had reverted to slicks. Stewart took the lead off the grid, ahead of Pedro Rodríguez, as Fittipaldi dropped to eighth behind Ickx, Regazzoni, Chris Amon, John Surtees and Jackie Oliver.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
By lap 17, the Ferraris of Ickx and Regazzoni had passed Rodríguez, but by that time, Stewart's lead was nearly twenty seconds. Graham Hill, in a privately entered Lotus 72, came into the pits on lap 30 with fuel leaking into the cockpit, as a fitting had come loose under the seat. The team took 10 minutes to fix the leak, threw some water on Hill, whose overalls were soaked in fuel, and sent him back out. Several laps later, Hill returned to request they find him some dry overalls, as the gasoline was burning his skin.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
When he stopped again to change clothes, the team said they had not been able to locate any new ones. Hill, however, saw John Surtees, who had retired on the seventh lap, sitting on the wall, and borrowed his overalls and undergarments. The two former World Champions were naked in the pits as Hill was doused with water before donning Surtees' clean clothes and returning to the track, only to retire on lap 72 with a broken clutch.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
At half-distance, Stewart was nearly half a lap ahead of Ickx, with Rodríguez in third and Fittipaldi about to be lapped in fourth. Ickx suddenly pitted on lap 57 to repair a broken fuel line, and he rejoined in twelfth place. He fought his way back up to fourth, setting the race's fastest lap three laps from the finish. Ickx had needed to win to have a chance of overtaking Jochen Rindt in the Championship; his fourth-place finish meant that Rindt became the first posthumous Formula One World Champion.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
On lap 76, with a one-minute cushion, Stewart's Tyrrell began trailing smoke from its left-hand exhaust pipe. The smoke slowly grew worse, and Rodríguez tore into Stewart's lead, taking off five seconds a lap, while the Lotus teammates unlapped themselves. On lap 83, with its oil gone, the Cosworth engine in the Tyrrell seized, leaving Rodríguez with an 18.8 second lead over Fittipaldi, who led team-mate Reine Wisell by another 46 seconds.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
At the end of the 100th lap, Rodríguez coasted into the pit lane having run out of fuel. BRM refueled the car, but Rodríguez had lost 38 seconds to Fittipaldi, who took the lead. Rodríguez rejoined ahead of the second Lotus of Wisell.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
Fittipaldi recalled later, "I took the lead and, going over the finish line, I saw for the first time Colin [Chapman] jumping and throwing his hat, something I'd seen him do for Jim Clark and Graham Hill and Jochen, and I kept saying to myself, 'He's doing that for me. I won the race. I won the US Grand Prix!' It was unbelievable."


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
His victory was the seventh American win for Lotus, and it clinched the Drivers' Championship for the team's dead leader, Jochen Rindt, and the Constructors' Championship for Lotus and Colin Chapman.


1970 United States Grand Prix, Report
This was the final Grand Prix to be held on the 2.35-mile (3.78 km) layout of the track, in use since 1956. Watkins Glen underwent extensive renovation over the course of 1971, including the lengthening of the track to 3.377 miles (5.435 km) in time for that year's Grand Prix, with an interim layout adopted for the Six Hours sports car race beforehand.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1970 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives held on November 3, 1970, in the middle of Richard M. Nixon's first term as president. His party, the Republican Party, lost a net of 12 seats to the Democratic Party, which thereby increased its majority in the House. Many viewed the results of the 1970 election as an indication of public fatigue over the ongoing Vietnam War as well as the fallout from the Kent State Massacre.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections
This was the first House election in which all 50 states used a single-member-district system to elect Representatives instead of using at-large congressional districts.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections, California
One Democratic seat was lost to Republicans. Democrats, therefore, retained a 20-18 margin over Republicans.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1970 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 3, 1970. Republicans won one open seat when John V. Tunney retired to run for Senate.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
The 1970 congressional elections in Maryland were held on November 3, 1970, to determine who will represent the state of Maryland in the United States House of Representatives. Maryland has eight seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1960 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 92nd Congress from January 3, 1971 until January 3, 1973.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 3, 1970 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The primary elections were held on June 9 and the runoff elections were held two weeks later on June 23. All five incumbents who ran were re-elected and the open seat in the 2nd district was retained by the Republicans. The composition of the state delegation remained five Democrats and one Republican.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Republican Congressman Albert Watson of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1963, chose to run for Governor instead of re-election. Floyd Spence, a Republican state senator who had unsuccessfully run for the seat in the 1962 elections, defeated Democratic challenger Heyward McDonald.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman William Jennings Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated Republican challenger Grady Ballard.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman James R. Mann of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1969, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Thomas S. Gettys of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1964, defeated Republican challenger B. Leonard Phillips.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican Edward B. Baskin in the general election.


1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 3, 1970 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia had ten seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1960 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.


1970 United States Senate election in Arizona
The 1970 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Paul Fannin decided to run for reelection to a second term, running unopposed in the Republican primary. Fannin defeated Democratic nominee Sam Grossman in the general election.


1970 United States Senate election in California
The 1970 United States Senate election in California was held on November 3, 1970.


1970 United States Senate election in California
Incumbent Republican Senator George Murphy lost re-election to a second term to Democratic Congressman John V. Tunney.


1970 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The United States Senate election of 1970 in Connecticut was held on November 3, 1970. Republican Lowell Weicker defeated Democratic candidate Joseph Duffey and incumbent Thomas J. Dodd who ran this time, as an independent. Dodd entered the race at the last minute and split the Democratic vote, allowing Weicker to win with only 42% of the vote.


1970 United States Senate election in Delaware
The 1970 United States Senate election in Delaware took place on November 2, 1970. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John J. Williams retired. Republican Party U.S. Representative Bill Roth was elected to succeed him. As of 2021, this is the last open seat Senate election in the State of Delaware.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida
The 1970 United States Senate election in Florida was held on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Spessard Holland decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. During the Democratic primary, former Governor C. Farris Bryant and State Senator Lawton Chiles advanced to a run-off, having received more votes than Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives Frederick H. Schultz, attorney Alcee Hastings, and State Representative Joel T. Daves, III. Chiles soundly defeated Bryant in the run-off election, scoring a major upset due to his comparatively small name recognition prior to the election. To acquire name recognition and media coverage, Chiles walked about 1,003 miles (1,614 km) across the state of Florida and was given the nickname "Walkin' Lawton".


1970 United States Senate election in Florida
The Republican primary exposed an in-party feud between Governor Claude R. Kirk Jr. and U.S. Representative William C. Cramer. In the election, Cramer handily defeated G. Harrold Carswell and body shop owner George Balmer; the former was a Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals judge favored by Kirk and had been rejected as a Supreme Court of the United States nominee a few months prior to the primary. Chiles won the election by a relatively small margin of 7.8%, receiving 902,438 votes against Cramer's 772,817 votes.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Background
Incumbent Spessard Holland, who served in the Senate since 1946, decided to retire rather than seek a fifth term. Although the Democratic Party had dominated state elections since the Reconstruction Era, Claude R. Kirk Jr. and Edward Gurney, both Republicans, were elected Senator and Governor in 1966 and 1968, respectively.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign
Initially, Bryant, a well-known figure, was seen as a natural front-runner. He was challenged by State Senator Lawton Chiles, Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives Frederick H. Schultz, attorney Alcee Hastings, and State Representative Joel T. Daves, III.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign, "Walkin' Lawton"
Chiles, despite a twelve-year career in legislature, was largely unknown outside his district. A poll indicated that Chiles had a name recognition of only 5%. To generate some media coverage across the state, Chiles embarked upon a 1,003-mile (1,614 km) walk across Florida. He would spend each night in a camper, which was driven by one of his aides.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign, "Walkin' Lawton"
On March 17, Chiles began the walk starting in Century, a small town in Escambia County along the Alabama state line. He initially headed east along State Road 4, toward Tallahassee. Throughout the journey, a number of people walked a small portion of the distance, including State Senators Wilbur H. Boyd – uncle of State House member Jim Boyd – and Bob Saunders. Upon reaching the community of Milligan, Chiles turned onto U.S. Route 90, then the main highway through the Florida Panhandle, toward Crestview. On April 7, he reached Tallahassee and remained there during the Florida Legislative session, which lasted 60 days. Thereafter, he continued on Route 90 for several days, until reaching Lake City, where he began heading along State Road 100 to the city of Lake Butler.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign, "Walkin' Lawton"
After reaching Starke, Chiles headed south on Route 301 toward Waldo, where he switched to State Road 24 toward Gainesville. There, he met many students, professors, and others in the vicinity of the University of Florida, his alma mater. He next made a side trip to Pasco County, visiting Dade City, New Port Richey, and Zephyrhills. Chiles made another side trip to Volusia County on the east coast, passing through the cities of Daytona Beach, DeLand, and New Smyrna Beach. Thereafter, he went back to Gainesville and walked south on Route 441 to Ocala.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign, "Walkin' Lawton"
The 91-day walk earned him the recognition he sought, and the nickname that would follow him throughout his political career – "Walkin' Lawton", coined by Associated Press writer John Van Gieson after Chiles passed through the town of Ponce de Leon.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Republican primary, Campaign
In the fall of 1969, Cramer declared his candidacy for the Senate. President Nixon encouraged Cramer's candidacy in 1970: "Bill, the Senate needs you, the country needs you, the people need you–now run." Sometime during the election, Cramer declined to run for re-election to his U.S. House seat. His former district assistant Charles William "Bill" Young of St. Petersburg, then the Florida Senate minority leader, ran for this seat. Young won and remained in the seat until his death in 2013.


1970 United States Senate election in Florida, Republican primary, Campaign
In April 1970, the Senate rejected Judge G. Harrold Carswell of Tallahassee as Nixon's second consecutive conservative nominee to the United States Supreme Court. He had been newly appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, based in New Orleans, but his federal judicial service began under Dwight D. Eisenhower. Senators Gurney and Holland, both Carswell supporters, were dismayed by his rejection. Later that year, Carswell attributed his unsuccessful Supreme Court nomination to the "dark evil winds of liberalism" and the "northern press and its knee-jerking followers in the Senate."