1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake
The San Fernando earthquake occurred on February 9, 1971, at 6:00:41 am Pacific Standard Time (14:00:41 UTC) with a strong ground motion duration of about 12 seconds as recorded by seismometers, although the whole event was reported to have lasted about 60 seconds. The origin of faulting was located five miles north of the San Fernando Valley. Considerable damage was seen in localized portions of the valley and also in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains above the fault block.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake
The fault that was responsible for the movement was not one that had been considered a threat, and this highlighted the urgency to identify other similar faults in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The shaking surpassed building code requirements and exceeded what engineers had prepared for, and although most dwellings in the valley had been built in the prior two decades, even modern earthquake-resistant structures sustained serious damage.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake
Several key attributes of the event were shared with the 1994 Northridge earthquake, considering both were brought about by thrust faults in the mountains north of Los Angeles, and each resulting earthquake being similar in magnitude, though no surface rupture occurred in 1994. Since both occurred in urban and industrial areas and resulted in significant economic impairment, each event drew critical observation from planning authorities, and has been thoroughly studied in the scientific communities.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting
Prominent surface faulting trending N72°W was observed along the San Fernando Fault Zone from a point south of Sylmar, stretching nearly continuously for 6 miles (9.7 km) east to the Little Tujunga Canyon. Additional breaks occurred farther to the east that were in a more scattered fashion, while the western portion of the most affected area had less pronounced scarps, especially the detached Mission Wells segment.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting
Although the complete Sierra Madre Fault Zone had previously been mapped and classified by name into its constituent faults, the clusters of fault breaks provided a natural way to identify and refer to each section. As categorized during the intensive studies immediately following the earthquake, they were labeled the Mission Wells segment, Sylmar segment, Tujunga segment, Foothills area, and the Veterans fault.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting
All segments shared the common elements of thrust faulting with a component of left-lateral slip, a general east–west strike, and a northward dip, but they were not unified with regard to their connection to the associated underlying bedrock. The initial surveyors of the extensive faulting in the valley, foothills, and mountains reported only tectonic faulting, while excluding fissures and other features that arose from the effects of compaction and landslides.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting
In the vicinity of the Sylmar Fault segment, there was a low possibility of landslides due to a lack of elevation change, but in the foothills and mountainous area a large amount of landslides occurred and more work was necessary to eliminate the possibility of misidentifying a feature. Along the hill fronts of the Tujunga segment, some ambiguous formations were present because some scarps may have had influence from downhill motion, but for the most part they were tectonic in nature.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting
In repeated measurements of the different fault breaks, the results remained consistent, leading to the belief that most of the slip had occurred during the mainshock. While lateral, transverse, and vertical motions were all observed, the largest individual component of movement was 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m) of left lateral slip near the middle of the Sylmar segment. The largest cumulative amount of slip of 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) occurred along the Sylmar and Tujunga segments.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Surface faulting
The overall fault displacement was summarized by geologist Barclay Kamb and others as "nearly equal amounts of north–south compression, vertical uplift (north side up), and left lateral slip and hence may be described as a thrusting of a northern block to the southwest over a southern block, along a fault surface dipping about 45° north."


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Landslides
The USGS commissioned a private company and the United States Air Force to take aerial photographs over 97 sq mi (250 km2) of the mountainous areas north of the San Fernando Valley. Analysis revealed that the earthquake triggered over 1,000 landslides. Highly shattered rock was also documented along the ridge tops, and rockfalls (which continued for several days) were the result of both the initial shock and the aftershocks. Few of the slides that were logged from the air were also observed from the ground.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Landslides
The greatest number of slides were centered to the southwest of the mainshock epicenter and close to the areas where surface faulting took place. The slides ranged from 49–984 feet (15–300 m) in length, and could be further categorized as rock falls, soil falls, debris slides, avalanches, and slumps. The most frequently encountered type of slide was the surficial (less than 3 feet (0.91 m) thick) debris slides and were most often encountered on terrain consisting of sedimentary rock.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Strong motion
In early 1971, the San Fernando Valley was the scene of a dense network of strong-motion seismometers, which provided a total of 241 seismograms. This made the earthquake the most documented event, at the time, in terms of strong-motion seismology; by comparison, the 1964 Alaska earthquake did not provide any strong motion records. Part of the reason there were so many stations to capture the event was a 1965 ordinance that required newly constructed buildings in Beverly Hills and Los Angeles over six stories in height to be outfitted with three of the instruments.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Strong motion
This stipulation ultimately found its way into the Uniform Building Code as an appendix several years later. One hundred seventy-five of the recordings came from these buildings, another 30 were on hydraulic structures, and  the remainder were from ground-based installations near faults, including an array of the units across the San Andreas Fault.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Strong motion
The instrument that was installed at the Pacoima Dam recorded a peak horizontal acceleration of 1.25 g, a value that was twice as large as anything ever seen from an earthquake. The extraordinarily high acceleration was just one part of the picture, considering that duration and frequency of shaking also play a role in how much damage can occur. The accelerometer was mounted on a concrete platform on a granite ridge just above one of the arch dam's abutments.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Earthquake, Strong motion
Cracks formed in the rocks and a rock slide came within 15 feet (4.6 m) of the apparatus, and the foundation remained undamaged, but a small (half-degree) tilt of the unit was discovered that was apparently responsible for closing the horizontal pendulum contacts. As a result of what was considered a fortunate accident, the machine kept recording for six minutes (until it ran out of paper) and provided scientists with additional data on 30 of the initial aftershocks.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage
The areas that were affected by the strongest shaking were the outlying communities north of Los Angeles that are bounded by the northern edge of the San Fernando Valley at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. The unincorporated districts of Newhall, Saugus, and Solemint Junction had moderate damage, even to newer buildings. The area where the heaviest effects were present was limited by geographical features on the three remaining margins, with the Santa Susana Mountains on the west, the Santa Monica Mountains and the Los Angeles River to the south, and along the Verdugo Mountains to the east.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage
Loss of life that was directly attributable to the earthquake amounted to 58 (a number of heart attacks and other health-related deaths were not included in this figure). Most deaths occurred at the Veterans and Olive View hospital complexes, and the rest were located at private residences, the highway overpass collapses, and a ceiling collapse at the Midnight Mission in downtown Los Angeles.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage
The damage was greatest near and well north of the surface faulting, and at the foot of the mountains. The hospital buildings, the freeway overpasses, and the Sylmar Juvenile Hall were on coarse alluvium that overlay thousands of feet of loosely consolidated sedimentary material. In the city of San Fernando, underground water, sewer, and gas systems suffered breaks too numerous to count, and some sections were so badly damaged that they were abandoned. Ground displacement damaged sidewalks and roads, with cracks in the more rigid asphalt and concrete often exceeding the width of the shift in the underlying soil. Accentuated damage near alluvium had been documented during the investigation of the effects of the 1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes. A band of similarly intense damage further away near Ventura Boulevard at the southern end of the valley was also identified as having been related to soil type.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage
Federal, county, and private hospitals suffered varying degrees of damage, with four major facilities in the San Fernando Valley suffering structural damage, and two of those collapsing. The Indian Hills Medical Center, the Foothill Medical Building, and the Pacoima Lutheran Professional building were heavily damaged. Nursing homes also were affected. The one-story Foothill Nursing Home sat very close to a section of the fault that broke the surface and was raised up three feet higher than the street. Scarps ran along the sidewalk and across the property. The building was not in use and remained standing. Though the reinforced concrete block structure was afflicted by the shock and uplift, the relatively good performance was in stark contrast to that of the Olive View and Veterans Hospital complexes.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Olive View Hospital
Most of the buildings at the Los Angeles County–owned, 880-bed hospital complex had been built before the adoption of new construction techniques that had been put in place after the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. The group of one-story structures 300 feet west of the new facility, and some other buildings, were not damaged. The damaged buildings variously were wood-frame and masonry structures. The five-story, reinforced-concrete Medical Treatment and Care Building was one of three new additions to the complex (all three of which sustained damage), was assembled with earthquake-resistant construction techniques, and was completed in December 1970.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Olive View Hospital
The hospital was staffed by 98 employees and had 606 patients at the time of the earthquake; all three deaths that occurred at the Olive View complex were in this building. Two were due to power failure of life-support systems and one, that of an employee who was struck by part of the collapsing building as he or she tried to exit the building, was a direct result of the destruction.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Olive View Hospital
The Medical Treatment and Care Building included a basement that was exposed (above grade) on the east and south sides, mixed (above and below grade) on the west side, and below grade on the north side of the building, the variation being due to the shallow slope at the site. The complete structure, including the four external staircases, could be considered five separate buildings, because the stair towers were detached from the main building by about four inches.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Olive View Hospital
Earthquake bracing used in the building's second through fifth floors consisted of shear walls, but a rarely used slip joint technique used with the concrete walls at the first floor kept them from being part of that system. Damage to the building, including ceiling tiles, telephone equipment, and elevator doors, was excessive at the basement and the first floor, with little damage further up. The difference in rigidity at the second floor was proposed as a cause of the considerable damage to the lower levels. Because the first floor almost collapsed, the building was leaning to the north by almost two feet, and three of the four concrete stair towers fell away from the main building.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Olive View Hospital
On the grounds, there were cracks in the pavement and soil, but no surface faulting. In addition to the collapse of the stairways, the elevators were out of commission. Electrical power and communications failed at the hospital at the time of the earthquake, but very few people occupied the lower floors and the stairways at the early hour. Casualties in these highly affected areas might have increased had the shock occurred later in the day. The duration of strong ground motion at that location was probably similar to the 12 seconds observed at the Pacoima Dam, and it is thought that another few seconds' shaking might have been enough to bring the building to collapse.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Veterans Administration Hospital
The Veterans Administration Hospital entered into service as a tuberculosis hospital in 1926 and became a general hospital in the 1960s. By 1971, the facility comprised 45 individual buildings, all lying within 5 km (3.1 mi) of the fault rupture in Sylmar, but the structural damage was found to have occurred as a result of the shaking and not from ground displacement or faulting. Twenty-six buildings that were built prior to 1933 had been constructed following the local building codes and did not require seismic-resistant designs.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Veterans Administration Hospital
These buildings suffered the most damage, with four buildings totally collapsing, which resulted in a large loss of life at the facility. Most of the masonry and reinforced concrete buildings constructed after 1933 withstood the shaking and most did not collapse, but in 1972 a resolution came forth to abandon the site and the remaining structures were later demolished, the site becoming a city park.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Veterans Administration Hospital
Few strong motion seismometer installations were present outside of the western United States prior to the San Fernando earthquake but, upon a recommendation by the Earthquake and Wind Forces Committee, the Veterans Administration entered into an agreement with the Seismological Field Service (then associated with NOAA) to install the instruments at all VA sites in Uniform Building Code zones two and three. It had been established that these zones had a higher likelihood of experiencing strong ground acceleration, and the plan was made to furnish the selected VA hospitals with two instruments.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Veterans Administration Hospital
One unit would be installed within the structure and the second would be set up as a free-field unit located a short distance away from the facility. As of 1973, a few of the highest risk (26 were completed in zone 3 alone) sites that had been completed were in Seattle, Memphis, Charleston, and Boston.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Van Norman Dam
Both the Upper and Lower Van Norman dams were severely damaged as a result of the earthquake. The lower dam was very close to breaching, and approximately 80,000 people were evacuated for four days while the water level in the reservoir was lowered. This was done as a precaution to accommodate further collapse due to a strong aftershock. Some canals in the area of the dams were damaged and not usable, and dikes experienced slumping but these did not present a hazard. The damage at the lower dam consisted of a landslide that dislocated a section of the embankment.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Van Norman Dam
The earthen lip of the dam fell into the reservoir and brought with it the concrete lining, while what remained of the dam was just 5 feet (1.5 m) above the water level. The upper lake subsided 3 feet (0.91 m) and was displaced about 5 feet (1.5 m) as a result of the ground movement, and the dam's concrete lining cracked and slumped.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Van Norman Dam
The upper dam was constructed in 1921 with the hydraulic fill process, three years after the larger lower dam, which was fabricated using the same style. An inspection of the lower dam in 1964 paved the way towards an arrangement between the State of California and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power that would maintain the reservoir's water level that was reduced 10 feet lower than was typical. Since the collapse of the dam lowered its overall height, the decision to reduce its capacity proved to be a valuable bit of insurance.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Van Norman Dam
Differential ground motion and strong shaking (MMI VIII (Severe)) were responsible for serious damage to the Sylmar Juvenile Hall facility and the Sylmar Converter Station (both located close to the Upper Van Norman lake). The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, as well as the County of Los Angeles, investigated and verified that local soil conditions contributed to the ground displacement and resulting destruction. The area of surface breaks on the ground at the site was 900 ft (270 m) (at its widest) and stretched 4,000 ft (1,200 m) down a 1% grade slope towards the southwest.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Van Norman Dam
As much as 5 ft (1.5 m) of lateral motion was observed on either end of the slide, and trenches that were excavated during the examination at the site revealed that some of the cracks were up to 15 ft (4.6 m) deep. The two facilities, located near Grapevine and Weldon canyons that channel water and debris off the Sierra Madre Mountains, are lined by steep ridges and have formed alluvial fans at their mouths. The narrow band of ground disturbances were found to have been the result of settling of the soft soil in a downhill motion. Soil liquefaction played a role within confined areas of the slide, but it was not responsible for all the motion at the site, and tectonic slip of faults in the area was also excluded as a cause.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Transportation
Substantial disruption to about 10 miles of freeways in the northern San Fernando Valley took place, with most of the damage occurring at the Foothill Freeway / Golden State Freeway interchange, and along a five-mile stretch of Interstate 210. On Interstate 5, the most significant damage was between the Newhall Pass interchange on the north end and the I-5 / I-405 interchange in the south, where subsidence at the bridge approaches and cracking and buckling of the roadway made it unusable.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Transportation
Several landslides occurred between Balboa Boulevard and California State Route 14, but the most significant damage occurred at the two major interchanges. The Antelope Valley Freeway had damage from Newhall Pass to the northeast, primarily from settling and alignment issues, as well as splintering and cracking at the Santa Clara River and Solemint bridges.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Transportation
While the Newhall Pass interchange was still under construction at the time of the earthquake, the requisite components of the overpass were complete. Vibration caused two of the bridge's 191-foot sections to fall from a maximum height of 140 ft (43 m), along with one of the supporting pillars. The spans slipped off of their supports at either end due to lack of proper ties and insufficient space (a 14 in (360 mm) seat was provided) on the support columns.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Transportation
Ground displacement at the site was ruled out as a major cause of the failure, and in addition to the fallen sections and a crane that was struck during the collapse, other portions of the overpass were also damaged. Shear cracking occurred at the column closest to the western abutment, and  the ground at the same column's base exhibited evidence of rotation.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Transportation
This interchange is a broad complex of overpasses and bridges that was nearly complete at the time of the earthquake and not all portions were open to traffic. Several instances of failure or collapse at the site took place and two men were killed while driving in a pickup truck as a result. The westbound I-210 to southbound I-5, which was complete except for paving at the ramp section, collapsed to the north, likely because of vibration that moved the overpass off its supports due to an inadequate seat.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Transportation
Unlike the situation at the Antelope Valley Interchange, permanent ground movement (defined as several inches of left-lateral displacement with possibly an element of thrusting) was observed in the area. The movement contributed to heavy damage at the Sylmar Juvenile Hall facility, Sylmar Converter Station, and the Metropolitan Water District Treatment Plant, but its effects on the interchange was not completely understood as of a 1971 report from the California Institute of Technology.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Schools
A large number of public school buildings in the Los Angeles area displayed mixed responses to the shaking, and those that were built after the enforcement of the Field Act clearly showed the results of the reformed construction styles. The Field Act was put into effect just one month following the destructive March 1933 Long Beach earthquake that damaged many public school buildings in Long Beach, Compton, and Whittier.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Schools
The Los Angeles Unified School District had 660 schools consisting of 9,200 buildings at the time of the earthquake, with 110 masonry buildings that had not been reinforced to meet the new standards. More than 400 portable classrooms and 53 wood frame pre-Field Act buildings were also in use.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Schools
All these buildings had been previously inspected with regard to the requirements of the Act, and many were reinforced or rebuilt at that time, but earthquake engineering experts recommended further immediate refurbishment or demolition after a separate evaluation was done after the February 1971 earthquake, and within a year and a half the district followed through with the direction with regard to about 100 structures.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Schools
At Los Angeles High School (20 mi (32 km) from Pacoima Dam) where the exterior walls of the main pre-Field Act building (constructed 1917) were unreinforced brick masonry, long portions of the parapet and the associated brick veneer broke off and some fragments fell through the roof to a lower floor, while other material landed on an exit stairway and into a courtyard area. The main building was demolished at a cost of $127,000, and none of the various post-Field Act buildings were damaged at the site.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Damage, Schools
Except for the concrete gymnasium, all of the buildings at Sylmar High School (3.75 mi (6.04 km) from Pacoima Dam) were post-Field Act, one-story, wood construction. Abundant cracks formed in the ground at the site, and some foundations and many sidewalks were also cracked. The estimate for repairs at the site was $485,000. At 2 mi (3.2 km), Hubbard Street Elementary School was the closest school to Pacoima dam and was also less than a mile from the Veterans Hospital complex. The wood-frame buildings (classrooms, a multipurpose building, and some bungalows) were built after the Field Act, and damage and cleanup costs there totaled $42,000. Gas lines were broken and separation of the buildings' porches was due to lateral displacement of up to six inches.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Aftermath
Following many of California's major earthquakes, lawmakers have acted quickly to develop legislation related to seismic safety. After the M6.4 1933 Long Beach earthquake, the Field Act was passed the following month, and after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act and Senate Bill 1953 (hospital safety requirements) were established. Following the San Fernando event, earthquake engineers and seismologists from established scientific organizations, as well as the newly formed Los Angeles County Earthquake Commission, stated their recommendations that were based on the lessons learned.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Aftermath
The list of items needing improvements included building codes, dams and bridges being made more earthquake resistant, hospitals that are designed to remain operational, and the restriction of development near known fault zones. New legislation included the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act and the development of the Strong Motion Instrumentation Program.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Aftermath
Introduced as Senate Bill 520 and signed into law in December 1972, this legislation was originally known as the Alquist-Priolo Geologic Hazard Zones Act, and had the goal of reducing damage and losses due to surface fault ruptures or fault creep. The act restricts construction of buildings designed for human occupancy across potentially active faults. Since it is presumed that surface rupture will likely take place where past surface displacement has occurred, the state geologist was given the responsibility for evaluating and mapping faults that had evidence of Holocene rupture, and creating regulatory zones around them called Earthquake Fault Zones. State and local agencies (as well as the property owner) were then responsible for enforcing or complying with the building restrictions.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Aftermath
Prior to the San Fernando earthquake, some structural engineers had already believed that the existing groundwork for seismic design required enhancement. Although instruments had recorded a force of .33g during the 1940 El Centro earthquake, building codes only required structures to withstand a lateral force of .1g as late as the 1960s.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Aftermath
Even at that time, engineers were against the idea of constructing buildings to resist the high forces that were seen in the El Centro shock, but after a 1966 earthquake peaked at .5g, and a maximum of 1.25g was observed at the Pacoima Dam during the San Fernando event, a debate began as to whether that low requirement was sufficient.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Aftermath
Despite the compelling seismogram from the 1940 event in El Centro, strong-motion seismology was not explicitly sought until later events occurred—the San Fernando earthquake made evident the need for more data for earthquake engineering applications. The California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program was initiated in 1971 with the goal of maximizing the volume of data by furnishing and maintaining instruments at selected lifeline structures, buildings, and ground response stations. By the late 1980s, the program had instrumented more than 450 structures, bridges, dams, and power plants.


1971 San Fernando earthquake, Aftermath
The 1979 Imperial Valley and 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquakes were presented as gainful events that were recorded during that period, because both produced valuable data that increased knowledge of how moderate events affect buildings. The success of the Imperial Valley event was especially pronounced because of a recently constructed and fully instrumented government building that was shaken to the point of failure.


1971 San Francisco 49ers season
The 1971 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 22nd season in the National Football League and their 26th overall. The 49ers appeared in the NFC Championship Game for the second consecutive year. The team moved into a new home, Candlestick Park. After winning two of their first three games on the road the 49ers lost their first game at Candlestick Park to the Los Angeles Rams 20–13. The 49ers would rebound and win the NFC West for the second year in a row by posting a 9–5 record. However, for the second year in a row the 49ers season ended in disappointment with a 14–3 loss in the NFC Championship Game to the Cowboys in Dallas.


1971 San Francisco 49ers season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill
The 1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill occurred when two Standard Oil Company of California tankers, the Arizona Standard and the Oregon Standard, collided on January 18, 1971, in the San Francisco Bay. The resulting 800,000 gallon spill, the largest in Bay Area history, threatened sensitive natural habitats both inside and outside the bay, including the Bolinas Lagoon, and contributed to the growth of activism against pollution, after thousands of bay area residents volunteered to clean up beaches and rescue oil soaked birds. A number of environmental organizations had their origins in the spill cleanup. Standard Oil spent more than $1 million in the clean-up.


1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill, Inception of International Bird Rescue and volunteerism
In March 1971, California's Fish and Game Department estimated that 7,000 birds were oiled during the incident, most of which died prior to collection or while being taken into care. At the end of January 1971, roughly 200 of the 1600 birds "brought in" were still alive. Ultimately less than 80 of those survived.


1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill, Inception of International Bird Rescue and volunteerism
The resulting environmental destruction from the spill, specifically the avian population, prompted volunteers to rescue some 4,300 birds. At the time, knowledge on how to care for oiled birds was low. Despite best efforts, only 300 or so animals were ever deemed fit to be released. The remnants of this volunteer force eventually resulted in the creation of the International Bird Rescue in an endeavor to increase knowledge and research in bird rescue. One of the largest volunteer turnouts since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake came of this event.


1971 San Francisco Giants season
The 1971 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 89th year in Major League Baseball, their 14th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 12th at Candlestick Park. The team finished in first place in the National League West with a 90–72 record. The Giants faced the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1971 National League Championship Series, losing three games to one.


1971 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases


1971 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1971 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 San Francisco Giants season, National League Championship Series
The Pittsburgh Pirates win the series, 3–1, over the Giants.


1971 San Francisco State Gators football team
The 1971 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season.


1971 San Francisco State Gators football team
San Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by head coach Vic Rowen in his 11th year at the helm. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the regular season with a record of five wins and six losses (5–6, 2–4 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 209–332.


1971 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL
The following San Francisco State players were selected in the 1972 NFL Draft.


1971 San Francisco mayoral election
The San Francisco mayoral election of 1971 was held on November 2, 1971, with incumbent Joseph Alioto being re-elected with 38.6 percent of the vote, from among 11 candidates, there being no provision for a runoff.


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Campaign
The three major contenders—Mayor Joe Alioto; Harold Dobbs, former member of the Board of Supervisors; and Dianne Feinstein, president of the Board of Supervisors—tried to outdo one another as advocates for law and order. Alioto challenged Dobbs to commit to keeping Police Chief Donald Scott and accused Feinstein of wanting to create a civilian review board to investigate police conduct. Dobbs would not commit to a particular police chief but did plan to appoint a new police commission. Feinstein planned to "serve notice on the pusher, the mugger and the thief" and "break the back of crime", while denying advocating a civilian review board but wanting a "strong and independent police commission."


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Campaign
Feinstein, the only woman in the race, charged her opponents with distorting her positions, especially her position on school busing, which the two other main contenders, Alioto and Dobbs, opposed. The issue was raised by an unpopular court order forcing the S.F. school district to begin busing to achieve ethnic balance in elementary schools.


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Campaign
Former newspaper editor Scott Newhall proposed staging a world ecology fair and replacing California's water plan by importing icebergs, and imputed little difference between the top three contenders, whom he lumped together as "Joe Dobbstein".


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Campaign
Alioto was a slight favorite to win in spite of being scheduled to go on trial the following January on federal charges of conspiracy, mail fraud, and using the mail to promote bribery of a public official. As of November, Dobbs, the only Republican in the race, had passed Feinstein in polls and was gaining on Alioto.


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Results
The result of the November 2 election was the re-election of Alioto by a 3–2 margin over his nearest challenger. Alioto quoted Jackie Gleason—"How sweet it is! "—at a victory celebration and referred to his federal indictment as an attempt by the "national administration" to "knock out a mayor".


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Results
Among other races on the ballot was Richard Hongisto's surprise victory for sheriff over incumbent Matthew Carberry.


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Results
On the ballot was a referendum limiting new-building heights to six stories, which was defeated.


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Results
A referendum to make the school board an elective one, it being the only appointive such board in the state, passed. The school-board measure was regarded as a reaction to busing initiated by the school board under court order.


1971 San Francisco mayoral election, Results
Another measure approved was to keep cable car service at no less than current levels.


1971 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 1971 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College in the Pacific Coast Athletic Association (PCAA) during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. Led by second year-head coach Dewey King, they played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. With a 55–10 road rout of UC Santa Barbara, the Spartans ended the regular season at an even .500 with five wins, five losses, and one tie (5–5–1, 4–1 PCAA).


1971 San Jose State Spartans football team
This season, San Jose State made its first bowl appearance as a major college program in the Pasadena Bowl. They faced the Memphis State Tigers on Saturday, December 18, but lost 9–28 to finish at 5–6–1.


1971 Sandlapper 200
The 1971 Sandlapper 200 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on August 27, 1971, at Columbia Speedway in Columbia, South Carolina.


1971 Sandlapper 200
The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.


1971 Sandlapper 200, Background
Columbia Speedway was an oval racetrack located in Cayce, a suburb of Columbia, South Carolina. It was the site of auto races for NASCAR's top series from 1951 through 1971. For most of its history, the racing surface was dirt. The races in April and August 1970 were two of the final three Grand National races ever held on a dirt track.


1971 Sandlapper 200, Background
The track was paved before hosting its last two Grand National races in 1971.


1971 Sandlapper 200, Background
While Columbia Speedway was shut down to cars in 1979, noise complaints, it reopened as a velodrome in 2001.


1971 Sandlapper 200, Race report
Two hundred laps were completed on a paved oval track spanning 0.500 miles (0.805 km) in only one hour and thirty-four minutes. Six cautions were given for forty-one laps; Richard Petty managed to defeat Tiny Lund by ten car lengths. Local track announcer Jim Seay would realize the charismatic potential of Petty and interviewed him right after the race in front of a regional crowd. Eight thousand people showed up in person to see cars achieve speeds of up to 64.831 miles per hour (104.335 km/h). Richard Petty, however, would achieve the pole position speed of 85.137 miles per hour (137.015 km/h). Ron Keselowski would crash prior to the first lap of the race.


1971 Sandlapper 200, Race report
The combined winnings purse for this race would be $9,275 ($58,554 when adjusted for inflation); the winner would receive $1,500 of it ($9,470 when adjusted for inflation) while the last-place finisher took home a meager $200 ($1,263 when adjusted for inflation).


1971 Sandlapper 200, Race report
H. B. Bailey was running in second place until a freak crash on 55 made him finish in 24th place (a loss of 22 positions).


1971 Sandlapper 200, Race report
Last top-10 finish for Ken Meisenhelder. The Massachusetts driver had three top-10 finishes in his career, all of them finishing 10th.


1971 Sandlapper 200, Race report
Lee Gordon, Vic Ballard and Dale Inman were among the three most notable crew chiefs to participate in this event. Inman was in charge of keeping Richard Petty's car in good order while Vic Ballard looked after Walter Ballard. Lee Gordon's primary responsibility was keeping Cecil Gordon's vehicle in decent working order.


1971 Sandown 250
The 1971 Sandown 250 was an endurance motor race open to Group E Series Production Touring Cars. The event was held at the Sandown circuit in Victoria, Australia on 12 September 1971 over 130 laps, approximately 250 miles (403 km). As a round  of the 1971 Australian Manufacturers' Championship, the race featured five classes based on Capacity Price Units with the CP Unit value for each model determined by multiplying the engine capacity of the vehicle in litres by its retail price in Australian dollars.


1971 Sandown 250
The race, which is recognised as the sixth "Sandown 500", was won by Colin Bond driving a Holden LC Torana GTR XU-1.


1971 Sandown 250, Results
Note: The above results list 36 of the 37 starters in the race.


1971 Saskatchewan general election
The 1971 Saskatchewan general election was held on June 23, 1971, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.


1971 Saskatchewan general election
Under the leadership of Allan Blakeney, the New Democratic Party of Saskatchewan returned to power after seven years in opposition. The NDP won a majority government, increasing its share of the popular vote by over 10 percentage points.


1971 Saskatchewan general election
The Liberal government of Premier Ross Thatcher more or less held its share of the popular vote, but lost a significant number of seats in the legislature in part because of the continuing decline in the share of the vote won by the Progressive Conservative Party, now led by Ed Nasserden.


1971 Saskatchewan general election
Ross Thatcher died on July 22, 1971, just shy of a month since losing the election.


1971 Saskatchewan general election, Results
Note: * Party did not nominate candidates in previous election.


1971 Scheldeprijs
The 1971 Scheldeprijs was the 58th edition of the Scheldeprijs cycle race and was held on 27 July 1971. The race was won by Gustaaf Van Roosbroeck.


1971 Scottish League Cup Final
The 1971 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 23 October 1971 and was the final of the 26th Scottish League Cup competition. Newly promoted Partick Thistle beat Celtic, who had played in the European Cup final in 1970, in a major upset. Sam Leitch, a presenter of BBC sports show Grandstand, previewed the game by saying that:


1971 Scottish League Cup Final
In Scotland, it's League Cup final day at Hampden Park, where Celtic meet Partick Thistle, who have no chance.


1971 Scottish League Cup Final
Thistle went 4–0 up inside 37 minutes, causing the reported crowd of 62,470 to allegedly be swelled by many thousands of Rangers fans who were keen to see their Old Firm rivals be humiliated. Kenny Dalglish pulled a goal back for Celtic in the second half, but Thistle held on to win 4–1.


1971 Scottish local elections
Local elections were held in Scotland in May 1971. As in other parts of the United Kingdom, they were a great success for the opposition Labour Party which gained control of Glasgow and Dundee, as well as becoming the largest party in Edinburgh for the first time. Overall they gained 113 seats, the majority of them from the Conservatives and their allies. The Conservatives lost 10 seats in Glasgow, including within Cathcart where their organization was at its best.


1971 Scottish local elections
The result was a very poor one for the Scottish National Party which lost the seats they were defending in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee. They lost a total of 52 seats, though they retained control of Cumbernauld and did better than average in both Stirling and Falkirk.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings
The 1971 Scottish soldiers' killings took place in Northern Ireland during The Troubles. It happened on 10 March 1971, when the Provisional Irish Republican Army shot dead three unarmed British Army soldiers of the 1st Battalion, Royal Highland Fusiliers. Two of the three soldiers were teenage brothers; all three were from Scotland. They were murdered off-duty and in civilian clothes, having been lured from a city-centre bar in Belfast, driven to a remote location and shot whilst relieving themselves by the roadside. Three British soldiers had been killed prior to this event; all had been on duty and killed during rioting.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings
The deaths led to public mourning and protests against the Provisional IRA. Pressure to act precipitated a political crisis for the Government of Northern Ireland, which led to the resignation of James Chichester-Clark as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. The British Army raised the minimum age needed to serve in Northern Ireland to 18 in response to this incident. In 2010, a memorial was dedicated to the three soldiers near to where they were killed in north Belfast.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Events
British troops had been deployed to Northern Ireland in 1969 for Operation Banner in response to a deteriorating security situation following the 1969 Northern Ireland riots. The British Army had become involved in the disturbances culminating in the Falls Curfew of July 1970. The Provisional Irish Republican Army was created in December 1969 after a split from the Official Irish Republican Army. After the split, the Provisional IRA planned for an "all-out offensive action against the British occupation". Provisional IRA Chief of Staff Seán Mac Stíofáin decided they would "escalate, escalate and escalate" until the British agreed to go. The IRA Army Council sanctioned offensive operations against the British Army at the beginning of 1971. In this year, Robert Curtis was the first British soldier shot and killed by the Provisional IRA, on 6 February 1971, and two more soldiers were killed prior to 10 March.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Events
Brothers John and Joseph McCaig from Ayr and Dougald McCaughey from Glasgow in Scotland (ages 17, 18 and 23) were privates serving with the 1st Battalion, The Royal Highland Fusiliers, stationed at Girdwood Barracks, beside Crumlin Road Prison in North Belfast. The shootings occurred on 10 March 1971 after the three soldiers had been granted an afternoon pass which allowed them to leave their base. McCaughey's younger brother was serving in the same unit but was on duty and unable to join them. The three soldiers were off-duty, unarmed and in civilian clothes.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Events
They were drinking in "Mooney's", a Belfast city centre bar in Cornmarket, one of the safer areas of the city for soldiers at this stage in "the Troubles". The three previous shootings that year had occurred in different circumstances, during rioting. One report said that the three Scottish soldiers were enticed into a car by Republican women who promised them a party. The three were taken to the White Brae, Squire's Hill, off the Ligoniel Road in North Belfast. There they were murdered by Provisional IRA members; two were shot in the back of the head and the other in the chest.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Events
The inquest in August 1971 was not able to establish the exact sequence of events. It was established that all three were shot at very close range, probably in a line. All had been drinking, and Joseph was found to be severely intoxicated. The jury was told that the three were probably shot whilst relieving themselves beside the road. The coroner commented: "You may think that this was not only murder, but one of the vilest crimes ever heard of in living memory". The bodies were heaped on top of each other with two beer glasses lying near to them. After failing to return to their barracks by 18:30 the three were listed as AWOL. Their bodies were found by children at 21:30.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Aftermath
The day after the killings, British Home Secretary Reginald Maudling made a statement in the House of Commons in which he informed the house that security arrangements for off-duty soldiers were being reviewed and suggested that the aim of the killers was to provoke the security forces into reprisals. He said that:


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Aftermath
The battle now joined against the terrorists will be fought with the utmost vigour and determination. It is a battle against a small minority of armed and ruthless men whose strength lies not so much in their numbers as in their wickedness.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Aftermath
The funerals were held in Scotland with John and Joseph McCaig buried together in Ayr. Their older brother, serving with the Royal Marines in Singapore, was flown home for the service. That day, 20,000 people attended rallies in Belfast and Carrickfergus. In Belfast, the cenotaph at the City Hall was the focus of the mourning with 10,000 people attending including workers from factories in a gathering that stopped the traffic in the city centre. Many wept openly. The Reverend Ian Paisley led the mourners in laying dozens of wreaths. The crowd observed a two-minute silence and sang a hymn and the national anthem.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Aftermath
The deaths led to a crisis for the Government of Northern Ireland with calls for increased security measures. Ian Paisley demanded the Stormont Government's resignation, saying "We can no longer tolerate your weakness. You must go before the whole land is deluged with the blood of innocent men and women." On 12 March, 4,000 shipyard workers took to the streets of Belfast to demand internment. The Northern Ireland Prime Minister James Chichester-Clark flew to London to request more troops, and when the numbers were not what he wanted, he resigned. On 23 March 1971, Brian Faulkner was elected Ulster Unionist Party leader and was appointed Prime Minister the same day.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Aftermath
The British Army raised the minimum age for serving in Northern Ireland to 18 in response to the death of 17-year-old John McCaig.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Aftermath
No one has been convicted of the killings. The Daily Mirror reported in November 2007 that three Provisional IRA men were responsible for the deaths: Martin Meehan (died 2007)- Meehan was questioned over the killings but was never charged; Patrick McAdorey- McAdorey was shot and killed in August 1971 during a gun battle in the Ardoyne area of Belfast. He was also suspected of the fatal shooting, hours before his own death, of Private Malcolm Hatton of the Green Howards. and a third unnamed man. The case of the three soldiers is one of those being re-examined by the Police Service of Northern Ireland's Historical Enquiries Team.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Memorial
The mother of the two McCaig brothers visited the site of their deaths in May 1972. She expressed a wish to leave a monument to her sons but was advised that it might well be damaged by vandals. She later said that she was touched by the wreaths and flowers that had been left at the spot.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Memorial
In 2010 the Royal British Legion Oldpark/Cavehill branch in Belfast raised money from the sale of badges to erect a memorial to the men. On 28 May 2010, a memorial stone was placed at the site of the killings on Squire's Hill by the families and former regimental colleagues of the three soldiers. The next day a 15-foot obelisk incorporating carved images of the deceased was dedicated to the soldiers at nearby Ballysillan Avenue. A service of remembrance with regimental drums and colours was then held at Ballysillan leisure centre attended by around 1000 people including Lord Mayor of Belfast Naomi Long and North Belfast MP Nigel Dodds.


1971 Scottish soldiers' killings, Memorial, Vandalism
The memorial at White Brae, Ligoniel, that marks the place of the killings has been vandalised several times since 2011.


1971 Segunda División de Chile
The 1971 Segunda División de Chile was the 20th season of the Segunda División de Chile.


1971 Senior League World Series
The 1971 Senior League World Series took place from August 16–21 in Gary, Indiana, United States. La Habra, California defeated Richmond, Virginia in the championship game.


1971 Sheffield City Council election
The elections were held on 14 May 1971, with one third up for vote. Since the previous election, a by-election in November for Burngreave seen the Liberals increase their representation to two, with a gain from Labour.


1971 Sheffield City Council election
Immediately following last year's election, the allocation of fourteen retiring Alderman was decided, with Labour taking the overwhelming majority, strengthened by their election performance and the knowledge that if repeated it would lead to a landslide victory for them.


1971 Sheffield City Council election
Labour leader Ironmongers' prediction of an aforementioned landslide played out in this election, with Labour making over a dozen gains, with all-but-one coming from their competitor the Conservatives - the other being a Liberal seat in Heeley won in a by-election in 1969. This left them with a record number of 80 seats, and a similarly record-breaking majority of 52.


1971 Sheffield City Council election
With such heavy losses, numerous high-profile Conservative councillors lost their seat, not least of which was a contender for the group's leadership, Irvine Patnick.


1971 Sheffield City Council election, Election result
The result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:


1971 Sicilian regional election
The Sicilian regional election of 1971 took place on 13 June 1971.


1971 Sicilian regional election
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, largely ahead of the Italian Social Movement that came second. During the legislature the Christian Democrats governed the Region in coalition with some centre-left parties: the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Italian Republican Party.


1971 Sligo Senior Football Championship
This is a round-up of the 1971 Sligo Senior Football Championship. St. Patrick's, Dromard claimed their third title, and completed back-to-back wins in the process. Tubbercurry returned to the final after a 14-year absence, but it was in vain, as St. Patrick's cantered to an easy victory, with Micheal Kearins, who became Sligo's first All-Star recipient later that year, leading the winners' onslaught.


1971 Sligo Senior Football Championship, Sligo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:T. CumminsE. RusheA. BolandP.J. KilcullenS. DoneganJ. CuffeJ. KielyM. KearinsJ. KilgallonP. McMunnR. BolandP. KearinsL. BolandS. BeckettB. Kilcullen


1971 Sligo Senior Football Championship, Sligo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:S. HenryM. BurkeH. GallagherM. PhillipsO. LeonardM. KilcoyneP. GormanL. GormleyP. HuntM. NooneP. KilcoyneJ. KilcoyneT. KavanaghP.J. BrennanO. Gormley


1971 Slovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Slovak Socialist Republic on 26 and 27 November 1971 alongside national elections. All 150 seats in the National Council were won by the National Front.


1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes
The 1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes occurred in the northern part of the Solomon Islands, within Papua New Guinea as a doublet earthquake. The first large shock occurred on July 14 at 06:11 UTC with a magnitude of Mw 8.0. The second large event occurred on July 26 at 01:23 UTC with a magnitude of Mw  8.1. The initial event on July 14 caused a tsunami, which was observed in Rabaul. The earthquake of July 26 triggered a tsunami with a 3.4 m (11 ft) runup in New Britain.


1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes
Shallow, large thrust earthquakes in the Solomon Islands tend to occur in multiplets. Examples of such earthquakes include the doublets occurred in 1971, 1974, and 1975. The 1971 doublet occurred at the junction of two trenches. The July 14 earthquake is located in the northwestern Solomon Islands Trench, while the July 26 earthquake ruptured the northeastern New Britain Trench. The July 14 earthquake and the July 26 earthquake were caused by the subduction of the Solomon Sea Plate beneath the Pacific Plate and the Bismark Sea Plate, respectively. The 1971 sequence had the largest earthquake in 50 years in this region as it occurred.


1971 Sonoma State Cossacks football team
The 1971 Sonoma State Cossacks football team represented Sonoma State during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. Sonoma State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC) for the first time, after having played as an independent the previous two seasons.


1971 Sonoma State Cossacks football team
The 1971 Cossacks were led by second-year head coach Carl Peterson. They played home games at Cossacks Stadium in Rohnert Park, California. Sonoma State finished the season with a record of two wins and eight losses (2–8, 0–6 FWC). The Cossacks were outscored by their opponents 153–277 for the season. This was the last season for the Cossacks with Coach Peterson at the helm. He finished his two years at Sonoma State with a record of 6–12–1, a .342 winning percentage.


1971 Sonoma State Cossacks football team
In April 1972 it was announced that Sonoma State would no longer field a football team due to financial issues. They did not have another team until a club team was started in 1979.


1971 Sonoma State Cossacks football team, Team players in the NFL
No Sonoma State players were selected in the 1972 NFL Draft.


1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia
The 1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia was a controversial six-week rugby union tour by the Springboks to Australia. Anti -apartheid protests came to being all around the country. The tour is perhaps most infamous for a state of emergency being declared in Queensland. In total, around 700 people were arrested whilst the Springboks were on tour.


1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia, Overview
The first games were then played in Adelaide and Perth, which were disrupted mainly by youth-led protesters. The third match was set to take place in Melbourne. A 5,000 strong crowd, made up mostly of university students, gathered in the streets of Melbourne to march on Olympic Park in protest. Police had set up a wall of units around the stadium, around 650 policemen many armed with batons and some on horseback.


1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia, Overview
In Sydney, several people, including the Secretary of the New South Wales Builders Labourers Federation, attempted to saw down the goal posts at the Sydney Cricket Ground prior to the match. In addition, a gigantic anti-apartheid effigy was hung from the Sydney Harbour Bridge but subsequently cut down.


1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia, Overview
Queensland premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen declared a month-long state of emergency. Protests at the Tower Mill Motel where the South African team were staying were responded to by police. The game was instead played at the Exhibition Ground, being moved from its original venue at Ballymore, as it was deemed easier to erect barricades at the Exhibition Ground. A two-metre chain wire fence was erected to separate players and spectators.


1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia, Overview
According to Meredith Burgmann and Peter McGregor, both leading firebrands, the rugby tour was a crucial target but to stop the summer's cricketing visit was the ultimate goal. They were successful in this regard as the cricket tour was called off due to security reasons.


1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia, Test matches
South Africa: McCallum, Nomis, Cronje, Jansen, Viljoen, Visagie, J Viljoen, Du Plessis, Ellis, Greyling, Williams, Du Preez, Marais (c), Van Wyk and Sauermann


1971 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia, Test matches
Tries by Hannes Viljoen, Joggie Viljoen and Jan Ellis. Ian McCallum 2 conversions and penalty and Piet Visagie drop goal.


1971 South African Grand Prix
The 1971 South African Grand Prix, formally the Fifth AA Grand Prix of South Africa (Afrikaans: Vyfde AA Suid-Afrikaanse Grand Prix), was a Formula One motor race held at Kyalami Circuit on 6 March 1971. It was race 1 of 11 in both the 1971 World Championship of Drivers and the 1971 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was won by Mario Andretti who was driving for the Ferrari team in what was his first Formula One victory, but would not win another Formula One race until 1976.


1971 South African Grand Prix, Report
It was expected the 12-cylinder cars would be dominant over the V8 Ford Cosworths – Ferrari had won four out of the last five Grands Prix in 1970, and they had a strong line-up consisting of Mario Andretti, Clay Regazzoni and Jacky Ickx.


1971 South African Grand Prix, Report
Jackie Stewart took pole in the Tyrrell to join Chris Amon and Regazzoni on the front row. Denny Hulme was suffering with a new suspension that he said was behaving very strangely.


1971 South African Grand Prix, Report
At the start, Regazzoni led the field away at the start – both Stewart and Amon suffering slow starts. Emerson Fittipaldi managed to hold off Hulme until lap three when he dived through to chase the Ferraris. On lap 17, he squeezed through under braking and the orange McLaren once again led a race. Pedro Rodríguez was forced to retire from fourth place when his bodywork started to melt and the hot air began burning his feet. The heat also took its toll on Jo Siffert, whose engine overheated and Howden Ganley who was taken ill with heat exhaustion. On lap 37, John Surtees who had steadily been moving up the field, managed to pass Regazzoni. Surtees however, suffered a gearbox failure on lap 57. Andretti took his first career victory, driving a Ferrari; his teammate Regazzoni finished in third place behind Stewart.


1971 South African Open (tennis)
The 1971 South African Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ellis Park Tennis Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was the 68th edition of the tournament and was held from 5 April through 17 April 1971. Ken Rosewall and Margaret Court won the singles titles.


1971 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Ken Rosewall /  Fred Stolle defeated  Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan 5–7, 6–2, 6–1, 6–2


1971 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Margaret Court /  Evonne Goolagong defeated  Brenda Kirk /  Laura Rossouw 6–3, 6–2


1971 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Mixed's doubles
Margaret Court /  Fred Stolle defeated  Ray Ruffels /  Pat Walkden 6–3, 7–6


1971 South American Championships in Athletics
The 1971 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in Lima, Peru, between 9 and 17 October.


1971 South American Open (tennis)
The 1971 ATP Buenos Aires, also known as the South American Open Championships, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The men's event was part of the 1971 Pepsi-Cola Grand Prix. The even was held from 25 November though 1 December 1971. Željko Franulović and Helga Masthoff won the singles titles.


1971 South American Open (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Željko Franulović /  Ilie Năstase defeated  Patricio Cornejo /  Jaime Fillol Sr.


1971 South American Open (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Helga Masthoff /  Heide Orth defeated  Ana María Pinto Bravo /  Raquel Giscafré 6–0, 6–2


1971 South American Open – Men's Singles
Željko Franulović defeated Ilie Năstase 6–3, 7–6, 6–1 to win the 1971 South American Open singles competition. Franulović was the defending champion.


1971 South American Rugby Championship
The 1971 South American Rugby Championship was the seventh edition of the competition of the leading national Rugby Union teams in South America.


1971 South American Rugby Championship
The tournament was played in Montevideo and won by Argentina.


1971 South American U-20 Championship
The South American Youth Championship 1971 was held in Asunción, Paraguay.


1971 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1971 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as an independent in the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 6–5 overall.


1971 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
After competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference from its founding in 1953 through the spring of 1971, South Carolina withdrew due to a disagreement with the ACC's desire to strengthen its academic requirements. The Gamecocks honored existing contracts with the seven remaining ACC schools for the 1971 season.


1971 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election
The 1971 South Carolina 1st congressional district special election was held on April 27, 1971 to select a Representative for the 1st congressional district to serve out the remainder of the term for the 92nd Congress. The special election resulted from the death of longtime Representative L. Mendel Rivers on December 28, 1970. Mendel Jackson Davis, a former aide to Rivers and his godson, won a surprising victory in the Democratic primary and went on to win the general election against Republican challenger James B. Edwards.


1971 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election, Democratic primary
The South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary on February 23, 1971. Charleston mayor J. Palmer Gaillard, Jr. was the frontrunner to win the primary, but he faced stiff competition from state representative Thomas F. Hartnett and from 28-year-old former congressional aide to Rivers, Mendel Jackson Davis. It was widely expected that a runoff would be required two weeks later, but Mendel Jackson Davis garnered over fifty percent and avoided a runoff election. Davis campaigned for the sympathy vote and claimed that he would have more influence in Washington since he had worked with the Democrats for the past ten years.


1971 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election, Republican primary
The Republicans viewed this open seat as an excellent opportunity to take it from the Democrats because the Lowcountry was a hotbed of conservatism. In fact, Mendel Rivers had stated to Arthur Ravenel, Jr. that the congressman to follow him would be a Republican. The South Carolina Republican Party had never held a primary election for a congressional race, but was compelled by Ravenel to use the primary instead of a nominating convention. The primary date was set for February 20, a Saturday, and Charleston dentist James B. Edwards defeated Ravenel. Edwards was the most conservative of the candidates and he received most of his vote from Charleston County whereas Ravenel dominated the rural counties, but was noted as a liberal who sought support from the black community.


1971 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election, General election campaign
The general election came down to whether Davis could win enough votes from those who still grieved at the loss of his mentor and namesake. While Edwards was a conservative and his positions more closely matched that of the voters than did Davis, he was a Republican in a district that had not had a Republican Representative since 1897. The district electorate was 35% black and Dorchester County black activist Victoria DeLee entered the race as a candidate for the United Citizens Party.


1971 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election, General election campaign
Davis tried to solidify his position in the black community by eschewing identity politics and instead proclaiming that he was a Democrat representing both blacks and whites. Although Davis won the election, he did so with less than fifty percent of the vote in large part because DeLee took almost ten percent of the vote.


1971 South Dakota Coyotes football team
The 1971 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach Joe Salem, the team compiled a 3–7 record (3–3 against NCC opponents), tied for fourth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 191 to 172. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.


1971 South Korean legislative election
Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 25 May 1971. The result was a victory for the Democratic Republican Party, which won 113 of the 204 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 73.2%.


1971 South Korean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 27 April 1971. The result was a victory for incumbent president Park Chung-hee, who won 53.2% of the vote. Voter turnout was 79.8%. Within a year of his re-election, Park declared martial law and introduced the Yushin Constitution, which vested him with sweeping and near-dictatorial powers.


1971 South Korean presidential election
These would be the last contested presidential elections in South Korea until 1981, and the last direct presidential elections until 1987.


1971 South Korean presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Republican Party
The DRP Convention was held on 17 March 1971, at which incumbent president Park Chung-hee became the presidential nominee. Under the constitution, Park would have normally been ineligible to run in 1971, as presidents were limited to two consecutive terms. However, shortly after his re-election in 1967, the DRP-dominated legislature passed a constitutional amendment allowing the incumbent president to run for three consecutive terms.


1971 South Korean presidential election, Nominations, New Democratic Party
By tradition, the most senior members of the party leadership were supposed to run for president. It was assumed that either former Korea University president Yu Jin-oh, the sitting party chair Yu Jin-san, or former president Yun Po-sun would be chosen for the party's candidate. However, the norm was broken by lawmaker Kim Young-sam, who was only in his early forties, when he declared his bid for the New Democratic nomination for president on 8 November 1969. He was followed by Kim Dae-jung and Lee Cheol-seung, both prominent politicians in their forties. The party leadership tried to discourage the three candidates at first, but later conceded that it was now time for the new generation to take over. Lee Cheol-seung withdrew his bid and endorsed Kim Dae-jung after the party leadership, including Chairman Yu Jin-san, announced they would be backing Kim Young-sam.


1971 South Korean presidential election, Nominations, New Democratic Party
At the convention held on 29 September 1970, the establishment-endorsed Kim Young-sam surprisingly lost to the minority faction's Kim Dae-jung, who became the party's candidate.


1971 South Pacific Games
The 1971 South Pacific Games, held at Papeete in Tahiti from 25 August to 5 September 1971, was the fourth edition of the South Pacific Games.


1971 South Pacific Games
Approximately 1,500 male athletes and 500 female athletes participated in the games.


1971 South Pacific Games, Sports
There were 17 sports contested at the 1971 South Pacific Games:


1971 South Pacific Games, Notes
Cycling: Six events were held: 1 km time trial, individual road race (111 km), 74 km road race, 4 km individual pursuit, 4 km Olympic pursuit, and an individual sprint.


1971 South Pacific Games, Notes
The women's softball tournament was won by Guam, with Papua New Guinea and American Samoa taking second and third place respectively, although the Oceania Sport Information Centre report (on their Sporting Pulse webpage as at October 2015) omits the result.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series
The 1971 South Pacific Touring Series was an Australian motor racing competition for Series Production Touring Cars. It was the second running of an annual series which had first been contested as the 1970 Tasman Touring Series.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series
The series was won by Colin Bond driving a Holden Torana GTR XU-1.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series, Schedule
Each round was held as a support race to a round of the 1971 Tasman Championship.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series, Schedule
The first round was scheduled to be held at Surfers Paradise on 7 February however that meeting was postponed due to heavy rain and it was rescheduled to 28 February.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series, Classes
Competing cars were classified into five classes according to an assessed CP Units value for each vehicle. Under this system, the engine capacity of the car (in litres) was multiplied by the retail price of the car (in Australian dollars) to arrive at a CP Unit value.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series, Points system
Points were awarded on a 4,3,2,1 basis for the first four places at each round. In addition, points were awarded for places in each class as follows:


1971 South Pacific Touring Series, Points system
Points were only awarded to a driver who started in all three rounds. The driver was required to compete in a vehicle entered by the same entrant in all three rounds and that vehicle was required to be the same make and model although not necessarily the same vehicle.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series, Series standings
Only the first three outright series placings are shown in the above table.


1971 South Pacific Touring Series, Series standings, Manufacturers Awards
A Manufacturers Award was presented to the manufacturer of the winning driver's car at the end of the series. In addition, awards were made to the manufacturers of the winning driver's car in each of the four remaining classes.


1971 South Vietnamese parliamentary election
Elections to the House of Representatives were held in South Vietnam on 29 August 1971. Only a few candidates were affiliated with political parties. They were the final elections held in South Vietnam, as its government was overthrown by the North in 1975 and unified with the North in 1976.


1971 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, Electoral system
In order to elect members of the House of Representatives, each province and city acted as an electoral district, except the city of Saigon, which was divided into three districts, and the province of Gia Dinh, which was divided into two districts. Voters had as many votes as there were seats to be filled. In single-member districts, this made the electoral system single-member plurality: in districts where there were more than one seat to be filled, this became the multiple non-transferable vote system.


1971 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, Results
Voter turnout was 78.5%, with 5,567,446 of the 7,085,943 registered voters voting.


1971 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, Results, Elected members by province
As voters in districts that elected more than one member had more than one vote, percentages may not add up to 100%.


1971 South Vietnamese presidential election
Presidential elections were held in South Vietnam on 2 October 1971. After two opposition candidates boycotted the election, incumbent President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu was the only candidate, receiving 100% of the vote. Thiệu's victory in this election officially marked his second term in office. They were last presidential elections held in South Vietnam.


1971 Southampton Itchen by-election
The Southampton Itchen by-election of 27 May 1971 was held after the Speaker of the House of Commons and Member of Parliament (MP) Horace King retired. The seat was gained by the Labour Party (although King had initially sat as a Labour MP). The by-election was noted for the strong performance of the far right National Democratic Party, who had developed a following in the constituency.


1971 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
The 1971 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 6th Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 6 to 13 December 1971 with 15 sports featured in the games. In this edition of the games, host country Malaysia joined Singapore in pressuring Thailand to let the SEAP Games Federation expand to include the Philippines and Indonesia, but to no avail.


1971 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
Thai officials felt that such expansion would be contrary to the small family affair they had intended the games to be, and would not be in keeping with the close-neighbours spirit the games was supposed to cultivate. This was the second time Malaysia hosted the games and its first time since 1965. The games was opened and closed by Abdul Halim, the King of Malaysia at the Stadium Merdeka. The final medal tally was led by Thailand, followed by host Malaysia and Singapore.


1971 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, The games, Aquatics
Aquatics included swimming, diving and water polo events. The three sports of aquatics were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Aquatics events was held between 12 and 15 December.


1971 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1971 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 4–6, 1971 at the original Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Furman Paladins, led by head coach Joe Williams, won their first Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1971 NCAA Tournament.


1971 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
All of the conference's seven members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds, with the top finisher receiving a first-round bye.


1971 Southern Illinois Salukis baseball team
The 1971 Southern Illinois Salukis baseball team represented the University of Southern Illinois in the 1968 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Salukis played their home games at Abe Martin Field. The team was coached by Itch Jones in his 2nd season at Southern Illinois.


1971 Southern Illinois Salukis baseball team
The Salukis lost the College World Series, defeated by the USC Trojans in the championship game.


1971 Southern Illinois Salukis baseball team, Salukis in the 1971 MLB Draft
The following members of the Southern Illinois Salukis baseball program were drafted in the 1971 Major League Baseball Draft.


1971 Southern Illinois Salukis football team
The 1971 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) as an independent during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. Under fifth-year head coach Dick Towers, the team compiled a 6–4 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.


1971 Southern Miss Southerners football team
The 1971 Southern Miss Southerners football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern Mississippi as an independent during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach P. W. Underwood, the team compiled a 6–5 record.


1971 Southwark London Borough Council election
Elections to Southwark Council were held in May 1971. The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 28.7%.


1971 Southwark London Borough Council election
This election had aldermen as well as councillors. Labour got all ten aldermen as well as 58 elected councillors. The Liberal Party did not contest any seats.


1971 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team
The 1971 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southwestern Louisiana (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Southland Conference during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. In their eleventh year under head coach Russ Faulkinberry, the team compiled an 5–4–1 record.


1971 Soviet Cup
The 1971 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union. The winner of the competition, Spartak Moscow qualified for the continental tournament.


1971 Soviet First League
The 1971 Soviet First League was the inaugural season of the Soviet First League and the 31st season of the Soviet second tier league competition.


1971 Soviet Second League
1971 Soviet Second League was a Soviet competition in the Soviet Second League.


1971 Soviet Second League, Qualifying groups, Group I [Ukraine]
The 1971 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 41st season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 1. It was the first season in the newly established Soviet Second League, after both Class A and Class B competitions were discontinued.


1971 Soviet Second League, Qualifying groups, Group I [Ukraine]
The 1971 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih.


1971 Soviet Second League, Reorganization
The division became a part of big football reform that took place in the Soviet Union and stretched over two years 1970–1971. Most of the club previously competed in the 1970 Class A Second Group (Zone 1) and were grandfathered into the newly established Second League (Zone 1). Clubs from other union republics (Belorussian SSR) were weeded out into other Zone. The lower tier Class B competition were completely disbanded with only eight teams allowed to advance to the Second League, thus replacing those club of other union republics.


1971 Soviet Second League, Teams, Promoted teams
Eight clubs were promoted from the 1970 Class B (Ukrainian SSR).


1971 Soviet Second League, Zone 1
The 1971 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 41st season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 1. It was the first season in the newly established Soviet Second League, after both Class A and Class B competitions were discontinued.


1971 Soviet Second League, Zone 1
The 1971 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih.


1971 Soviet Second League, Zone 1, Reorganization
The division became a part of big football reform that took place in the Soviet Union and stretched over two years 1970–1971. Most of the club previously competed in the 1970 Class A Second Group (Zone 1) and were grandfathered into the newly established Second League (Zone 1). Clubs from other union republics (Belorussian SSR) were weeded out into other Zone. The lower tier Class B competition were completely disbanded with only eight teams allowed to advance to the Second League, thus replacing those club of other union republics.


1971 Soviet Second League, Zone 1, Teams, Promoted teams
Eight clubs were promoted from the 1970 Class B (Ukrainian SSR).


1971 Soviet Top League
The 1971 season of the Soviet Top League saw Dynamo Kyiv clinching their title after three unsuccessful seasons. This season was also unique for successful performances of non-RSFSR clubs: Ararat Yerevan from the Armenian SSR took the second place, while bronze medals were awarded to Dinamo Tbilisi.


1971 Soviet nuclear tests
The Soviet Union's 1971 nuclear test series was a group of 23 nuclear tests conducted in 1971. These tests followed the 1970 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1972 Soviet nuclear tests series.


1971 Space City 300
The 1971 Space City 300 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that took place on June 23, 1971, at Meyer Speedway in Houston, Texas. While Houston was considered to be one of the epicenters of stock car racing during the 1950s and 1960s, the local passion for the motorsport died out starting in the 1970s.


1971 Space City 300
Meyer Speedway was bumpy enough to loosen bolts off of a typical NASCAR vehicle.


1971 Space City 300
With only 14 cars entering the 1971 Space City 300, this event was one of many in 1971 that contributed to significant changes demanded by new series sponsor Winston for the 1972 season, when the number of races was reduced from 48 to 31, all dirt tracks were removed from the schedule, and a minimum race distance of 250 miles (400 km) was established for races on oval tracks.


1971 Space City 300
While NASCAR's top series had a successful 48 race schedule in previous years, by 1971 the reduced sponsorship money being given out by the "Big Three" automobile companies made it difficult for race car drivers to justify driving their "stock" race cars under their own power (as required by the homologation rules until 1975) to events offering only small prize money.


1971 Space City 300, Race report
Bobby Allison defeated James Hylton by at least two laps after two hours and two minutes of racing 300 laps on a paved track); marking Allison's fifth consecutive win. The entire track was considered to span a distance of 0.500 miles (0.805 km) for a grand total of 150.0 miles (241.4 km).


1971 Space City 300, Race report
There were no cautions given out by NASCAR; making this a perfect race alongside the 1959 Daytona 500, the 1969 Motor Trend 500, the 1971 Asheville 300 and the 2002 EA Sports 500; which became the final oval course race that had gone the entire distance without a single caution flag.


1971 Space City 300, Race report
Nine thousand people would watch a 14-car grid of American-born drivers perform speeds of up to 73.489 miles per hour (118.269 km/h). Pete Arnold would make his only start here and record the race's last-place finish due to a steering issue on lap 58. Fred Hill would make his only NASCAR Cup Series start here; ending his day with a rear end issue on lap 116. Walter Ballard finished third to claim his best career NASCAR finish. Richard Petty qualified in second place and managed to dominate 38 laps before the halfway point. Petty's vehicle developed problems with its distributor. More than 10 minutes were lost and 28 laps went by in the race before Petty was able to get his vehicle back on the track. Miraculously, he gained back 7 of his lost laps and salvaged a top-10 finish.


1971 Space City 300, Race report
The NASCAR Cup Series has never again come close to having a field this small. Even for the rest of 1971, they only once had fewer than 29 cars and that was a 22 car field. Hill and Arnold make their only cup starts in this debacle of a NASCAR Cup Series event. Ronnie Chumley, who lasted a bit longer, only started six other career Cup races. The motivation to stop here on the way back across the country from Riverside was not strong as most drivers did not put their best effort forward.


1971 Space City 300, Race report
This would be the last race until Kaz Grala's 2020 run at Daytona for Austin Dillon that a Cup driver debuted in a #3.


1971 Space City 300, Race report
Frank Warren's Pontiac was the only General Motors product on the racing grid. The next NASCAR Winston Cup Series race to lack a major manufacturer would be the 1982 Daytona 500; which excluded all Chevrolet vehicles. Lee Gordon, Vic Ballard and Dale Inman were the three notable crew chiefs that participated in the event.


1971 Space City 300, Race report
Only manual transmission vehicles were allowed to participate in this race; a policy that NASCAR has retained to the present day. This event would become Meyer Speedway's only NASCAR Cup Series racing event. There would be less than 15 cars in the entire racing event; a rarity during the early 1970s. After this race, there would be at least 20 cars that qualified each and every time.


1971 Space City 300, Race report
The winner would receive $2,200 in winnings ($13,889 when adjusted for inflation) while the last-place finisher would walk away with $340 ($2,146 when adjusted for inflation). Most of the teams that raced at Meyer Speedway went straight back to the Southeastern United States due to the meager prize money that was handed out at this racing event (that took place in the Southwestern United States).


1971 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1971 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Montjuïc circuit on April 18, 1971. It was race 2 of 11 in both the 1971 World Championship of Drivers and the 1971 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 75-lap race was won by Tyrrell driver Jackie Stewart after he started from fourth position. Jacky Ickx finished second for the Ferrari team and Matra driver Chris Amon came in third.


1971 Spanish Grand Prix
This was the first Formula One race in which slick tyres were used. The tyres were introduced by Firestone, based on its experience in American open wheel racing series. The race itself was held in the morning.


1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 1971 election of the Speaker of the  House of Commons  occurred on 12 January 1971, following the retirement of the previous Speaker Dr Horace King. The election resulted in the election of Conservative MP Selwyn Lloyd, formerly Chancellor of the Exchequer and Foreign Secretary. It was the first election with more than one nominee since William Morrison defeated Major James Milner in the 1951 election.


1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
However, under the rules at the time, any MP could be nominated for Speaker with or without their consent or knowledge. Labour MP Sir Geoffrey de Freitas was nominated against his wishes to stand against Lloyd. Subsequently, the rules were changed to require the consent of a nominee for Speaker before he or she could be nominated.


1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election
The election was conducted by means of a conventional parliamentary motion, originally to elect Selwyn Lloyd. He was proposed and seconded by Conservative MP Dame Irene Ward and Labour MP Charles Pannell respectively.


1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election
Conservative MP Robin Maxwell-Hyslop moved an amendment to the original motion to elect Geoffrey De Freitas, who was then seconded by Labour MP Willie Hamilton.


1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election
Lloyd then gave a speech of submission to the will of the House, but De Freitas followed by stating he had not been consulted by anyone who proposed his name and stated his support for Lloyd.


1971 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Results
MPs then voted on the motion that Selwyn Lloyd take the Chair as Speaker, which was approved by 294 votes to 55. Lloyd was thus conducted to the Speaker's Chair by Charles Pannell and Dame Irene Ward.


1971 Speedway World Pairs Championship
The 1971 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the second FIM Speedway World Pairs Championship. The final took place on 11 July 1971 in Rybnik, Poland. The championship was won by Poland (maximum 30 points) who beat New Zealand (25 points) and Sweden (22 points).


1971 Speedway World Pairs Championship, World final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fellns - non-starter • nc - non-classify


1971 Speedway World Team Cup
The 1971 Speedway World Team Cup was the 12th edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions.


1971 Speedway World Team Cup
The final took place at Stadion Olimpijski (Wrocław) in Poland. The title was won by Great Britain for the second time.


1971 Speedway World Team Cup, World final
Ray Wilson - 12Ivan Mauger - 10Jim Airey - 9Barry Briggs - 6Ronnie Moore - dnr


1971 Speedway World Team Cup, World final
Grigory Khlinovsky - 8Vladimir Smirnov - 7Vladimir Gordeev - 4Anatoly Kuzmin - 3Viktor Trofimov - dnr


1971 Speedway World Team Cup, World final
Paweł Waloszek - 5Henryk Glücklich - 4Antoni Woryna - 4Edward Jancarz - 4Andrzej Wyglenda - 2


1971 Speedway World Team Cup, World final
Anders Michanek - 9Sören Sjösten - 3Bengt Jansson 3Leif Enecrona 3Bernt Persson 0


1971 Spring Trophy
The Rothmans/Daily Express Spring Trophy was a non-championship Formula One race held on 9 April 1971 at Oulton Park.


1971 Spring Trophy
Only twelve cars took part. Team Lotus entered three different chassis types - a 49C, a 72D and the Pratt & Whitney gas-turbine-engined 56B. Local favourite and Formula 3 driver Cyd Williams was entrusted with aFrank Williams Racing Cars March but crashed heavily during untimed practice and did not start the race. Jackie Stewart set pole position in the spare car but in the race itself he struggled with his regular car's handling. Pedro Rodriguez won ahead of Peter Gethin, the two of them sharing fastest lap. Stewart finished third.


1971 Spring Trophy, Classification, Race
1 Stewart practiced in the spare Tyrrell 002 but opted to race Tyrrell 001.


1971 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
The 1971 St. Louis Cardinals season was the 52nd season the team was in the National Football League and twelfth in St. Louis. The team failed to improve on their previous year's 8–5–1 record, winning only four games. They failed to reach the playoffs for the 23rd straight season, their previous appearance was in 1948 in the championship game.


1971 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
This was the last season the team was co-owned by Charles Bidwill, Jr.; he sold his share to his younger brother Bill in September 1972. The adopted sons of Charles and Violet Bidwill, the two had co-owned the team since their mother's death in January 1962.


1971 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season, Schedule, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1971 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 90th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 80th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 90–72 during the season and finished second in the National League East, seven games behind the eventual NL pennant and World Series champion Pittsburgh Pirates.


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
The Cardinals scrapped their traditional buttoned jerseys for T-shirt style uniform tops, and would keep them until they switched back in 1992.


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
Third baseman Joe Torre won the MVP Award this year, batting .363, with 24 home runs and 137 RBIs. Pitcher Bob Gibson won a Gold Glove this year, and threw a no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates on August 14.


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1971 Stanford Indians football team
The 1971 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. Led by ninth-year head coach John Ralston, the Indians were 8–3 in the regular season and repeated as Pacific-8 Conference champions at 6–1.


1971 Stanford Indians football team, Season
The previous season, the Indians won the Pac-8 title and upset undefeated Ohio State in the Rose Bowl behind Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback Jim Plunkett, the first overall pick in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1971 Stanford Indians football team, Season
With the core of the "Thunder Chickens" defense returning, led by Jeff Siemon and Pete Lazetich, and an offense under the steady leadership of fifth-year senior quarterback Don Bunce, the Indians defended the conference title and upset fourth-ranked Michigan in the Rose Bowl.


1971 Stanford Indians football team, Season
Shortly after their New Year's Day victory, Ralston resigned to become head coach and general manager of the Denver Broncos in the National Football League. A few weeks later, offensive coordinator Mike White was hired as head coach at rival California, his alma mater, and Stanford promoted defensive assistant Jack Christiansen to head coach.


1971 Stanford Indians football team, Season
This was the final season with the "Indians" nickname, which was changed to "Cardinals" for 1972, and reduced to the singular "Cardinal" in 1982.


1971 Stanford Indians football team, NFL Draft
Six Stanford players were selected in the 1972 NFL Draft


1971 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1971 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1970–71 season, and the culmination of the 1971 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Chicago Black Hawks and the Montreal Canadiens. The Black Hawks made their first appearance in the finals since 1965, while the Canadiens had last played in and won the finals in 1969. The Canadiens won the series, four games to three.


1971 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
The playoff system changed this year to allow cross-over between the divisions during the playoffs.


1971 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Chicago defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 4–0 and the New York Rangers 4–3 to advance to the final.


1971 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Montreal defeated the defending champion Boston Bruins 4–3 and the Minnesota North Stars 4–2. This set up the first "Original Six" finals since the 1967 final.


1971 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Brothers Frank and Peter Mahovlich starred for the Canadiens, scoring nine goals in the seven-game final series. Ken Dryden debuted for the Canadiens, while this was Jean Beliveau's last Final appearance. He ended his career with ten championships. This would be only the second time that the road team would win a game seven in Finals history. The only previous time it happened was when the Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Detroit Red Wings 2–1 in game seven in the 1945 Stanley Cup Finals in Detroit.


1971 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Montreal also won the series despite losing the first two games on the road; neither of these feats would happen again until 2009, when the Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Red Wings in game seven by the same 2–1 score after losing the first two games to the Red Wings. The next seven-game Stanley Cup Finals would not occur until the 1987 Stanley Cup Finals with the Edmonton Oilers and the Philadelphia Flyers.


1971 Stanley Cup Finals, Coaching controversies
Both clubs would suffer public controversies regarding coaching performances, specifically accusations of mishandling star players during the series.