1971 World Sportscar Championship, The cars
The following models contributed to the net points scores of their respective manufacturers.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships (31st) were held in Nagoya from March 28 to April 7, 1971.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships
The nations represented were Austria, Czechoslovakia, the People's Republic of China, England, West Germany Hungary, India, Japan, North Korea and South Korea, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles was the 31st edition of the men's doubles championship.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
István Jónyer and Tibor Klampár won the title after defeating Chuang Tse-tung and Liang Ko-liang in the final by three sets to one.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles was the 31st edition of the men's singles championship.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Stellan Bengtsson defeated Shigeo Itoh in the final, winning three sets to one to secure the title.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 31st edition of the men's team championship.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
China won the gold medal defeating Japan 5–2 in the final. Yugoslavia won the bronze medal after winning the third place play off.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles was the 31st edition of the mixed doubles championship.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
Zhang Xielin and Lin Huiqing defeated Antun Stipančić and Maria Alexandru in the final by three sets to one.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles was the 30th edition of the women's doubles championship. Lin Huiqing and Zheng Minzhi defeated Mieko Hirano and Reiko Sakamoto in the final by three sets to nil.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles was the 31st edition of the women's singles championship. Lin Hui-ching defeated Cheng Min-chih in the final by three sets to one, to win the title.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
The 1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 24th edition of the women's team championship.


1971 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
Japan won the gold medal, China won the silver medal and South Korea won the bronze medal.


1971 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1971 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Lima, Peru from September 18 to September 26, 1971. There were 144 men from 30 nations in the competition.


1971 World Weightlifting Championships, Medal table
Ranking by all medals: Big (Total result) and Small (Press, Snatch and Clean & Jerk)


1971 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1971 World Women's Handball Championship took place in the Netherlands between 11-19 December 1971. After the 1968 edition was cancelled because of the intervention of Czechoslovakia from the Soviet Union, the 1971 edition would see East Germany take the title as they defeated Yugoslavia 11-8 in the final.


1971 World Wrestling Championships
The 1971 World Wrestling Championships were held in Sofia, Bulgaria.


1971 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1971 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. Led by first-year head coach Fritz Shurmur, they were members of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) and played their home games on campus at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie.


1971 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The Cowboys had a record of 5–6, and were 3–4 in the WAC. Shurmur had been the defensive line coach at Wyoming for nine years under head coach Lloyd Eaton; Eaton resigned in December 1970 and was reassigned to assistant athletic director, and Shurmur was promoted to head coach.


1971 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1971 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulldogs were led by seventh-year head coach Carmen Cozza, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished tied for fifth place in the Ivy League with a 3–4 record, 4–5 overall.


1971 Yankee 400
The 1971 Yankee 400 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race that took place at Michigan International Speedway on August 15, 1971. The purse for this event was $51,015 ($326,001.36 when adjusted for inflation).


1971 Yankee 400, Background
Michigan International Speedway is a four-turn superspeedway that is 2 miles (3.2 km) long. Groundbreaking took place on September 28, 1967. Over 2.5 million cubic yards (1.9×10^6 m3) of dirt were moved to form the D-shaped oval. The track opened in 1968 with a total capacity of 25,000 seats. The track was originally built and owned by Lawrence H. LoPatin, a Detroit-area land developer who built the speedway at an estimated cost of $4–6 million. Financing was arranged by Thomas W Itin. Its first race took place on Sunday, October 13, 1968, with the running of the USAC 250 mile Championship Car Race won by Ronnie Bucknum.


1971 Yankee 400, Race report
There were 26,000 fans in attendance for this two hour, forty minute race in Brooklyn, Michigan There were two cautions for twelve laps and the victory margin was three seconds. Average speed was 149.862 miles (241.180 km) per hour while the pole speed was 161.901 miles (260.554 km) per hour. All forty competitors in this race were born in the United States of America. 200 laps were undertaken on the paved oval track spanning 2.0 miles (3.2 km).


1971 Yankee 400, Race report
Manufacturers involved in this race included Mercury, Ford, Dodge, Chevrolet, and Plymouth.


1971 Yankee 400, Race report
Friday Hassler blew his vehicle's engine on lap 7. Bobby Isaac had a problem with his vehicle's water pump on lap 11. Benny Parsons blew his engine on lap 29. Henley Gray's vehicle had a problematic suspension on lap 38. Fuel pump issues forced Ed Negre out of the race on lap 40. Dave Marcis overheated his vehicle on lap 45. Problems with the clutch caused John Sears to exit the race on lap 49. Coo Coo Marlin blew his vehicle's engine on lap 76. Dick May overheated his vehicle on lap 84.


1971 Yankee 400, Race report
Engine problems happened for Pete Hamilton on lap 87. Pete Hamilton had the only car that could possibly beat Bobby Allison; he would overtake Allison on laps 31, 40, 46, and 49 before losing dominance over Bobby Allison on lap 50. Problems with the vehicle's ignition forced Johnny Halford out of the race on lap 94. Bill Seifert's vehicle had a troublesome fuel pump on lap 110; forcing his early exit from the race. Dean Dalton had engine issues on lap 125 that forced him out of the race while Charlie Glotzbach dealt with the same issue on lap 129.


1971 Yemen Arab Republic parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Yemen Arab Republic in February and March 1971. As political parties were banned, all candidates ran as independents.


1971 Yemen Arab Republic parliamentary election
The indirect election system in rural areas led to Parliament being dominated by tribal elites. However, it was suspended in 1974 after a military coup, in order to try to reduce the elite's power.


1971 Yemen Arab Republic parliamentary election, Electoral system
Of the 159 members of Parliament, 128 were elected in single-member constituencies and 31 appointed by the President. However, secret elections only took place in urban areas, whilst indirect elections were held in rural areas, effectively barring women from voting.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting
The 1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting was a terrorist attack carried out by Croatian separatists affiliated with the Ustashe movement. It occurred on April 7, 1971, at the embassy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Stockholm, Sweden. Among the victims was Vladimir Rolović, the ambassador, who was shot by the attackers, and died a week later.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Background
On 10 February 1971, two Yugoslav men entered the Yugoslav Consulate in Gothenburg. They gathered and restrained all the Consulate staff on the premises, at knife and gunpoint. The two men, Blago Mikulić and Ivan Vujičević, demanded that the Yugoslav authorities release the convicted Miljenko Hrkać who was imprisoned in Yugoslavia and that he be brought to the Franco-controlled Spain with $20,000 in his pocket. If the demands were not met, the employees of the consulate would be executed. After just over one day's siege and fruitless negotiations with the Swedish police, they gave up and were arrested.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Background
Mikulić and Vujičević, who belonged to the organisation "Jadran", or the Black Legion, were later sentenced to three and a half years in prison. The Yugoslav ambassador to Stockholm, Vladimir Rolović, criticised the Swedish police in the media and saying they did not take the terrorist threat seriously enough, claiming that the Croatian separatists belonged to Ustashe, an organization that collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II. The assailants were then popularly called Ustashe.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Events
A few months later, on 7 April 1971, at the Yugoslav Embassy on Strandvägen 7B in Stockholm, Miro Barešić and Anđelko Brajković penetrated the building and took the ambassador Vladimir Rolović (a former OZNA colonel) hostage. He was struck across the face with a pistol and dragged into his room. The men tied Rolović to a chair, pulled a leather belt around his neck and shot him in the face and stomach. Several shots were fired, one penetrated a door and injured the embassy secretary, Mira Stempilhar.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Events
One of the men urinated on his hands to clean off Rolovic's blood, the other threw a portrait of Tito through the window. An embassy officer who tried to escape through a window was taken to the hospital. When the police arrived, they immediately stormed the building and forced the terrorists to surrender. The ambassador, fatally-wounded, was laying in a pool of blood on the floor. Barešić and Brajković stood in a corner with their hands in the air. On their way out of the building, they shouted "Long live the Independent State of Croatia" and "long live Ante Pavelić". Barešić and Brajković said they belong to Ustashe and also proclaimed that he wanted to punish Rolović for his visit to Canberra, Australia, where he was sent by the Yugoslav Foreign Ministry to inform the Australian Government of the Ustashe members who prepared terrorist actions in Yugoslavia from its territory.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Events
Rolović died a week later without regaining consciousness at Karolinska Hospital. The Yugoslav secret service has always maintained that Ante Stojanov, who was convicted by Stockholm District Court for complicity to murder, was, in fact, the mastermind behind the attack and aircraft hijacking, which Stojanov later admitted. He supervised the operation from a bar on Strandvägen. Ante Stojanov, was convicted of complicity to the murder of the Yugoslav ambassador, while his then twenty-year-old cousin Miro Barešić along with Anđelko Brajković were convicted to life imprisonment.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Events
Stojanov and the other two assailants, Marinko Lemo and Stanislav Miličević, was sentenced in the same trial to between two and four years in prison and deportation. The Swedish government was now under heavy pressure. The Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito immediately sent his Deputy Foreign Minister to Sweden. A furious Milorad Pešić was met at the airport by the State Secretary Thage G. Peterson. During the journey towards Stockholm and the waiting Prime Minister Olof Palme, a shocked Peterson were told how the Deputy Minister demanded that the arrested should be cut into pieces. He wanted them to be executed in Sweden as soon as possible or at least to be taken to Yugoslavia to be killed.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Events
The Swedish police investigation in 1971 had failed to uncover that the kidnapping of Rolović was not the goal of the attack on the Yugoslav Embassy. The Swedish-Croatian journalist Tonči Percan showed, after a thorough examination of the archive material in Stockholm 45 years later, and after talking with the mastermind behind the attack Ante Stojanov, that it really was an act of revenge. Rolović was to be executed. In 1969, the Yugoslavian agent Ilija Stanić had murdered the Ustashe general Vjekoslav Luburić in Spain.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Events
After World War II, Luburić had fled to Spain, where he was active in the Croatian National Resistance, and the State Security Administration (UDBA) pursued an intensive search for Croatian nationalists around the world. The attack in Stockholm was a revenge for the murder of Luburić. Before Rolović was murdered, Barešić had placed a photo of Ilija Stanić on the ambassador's desk; It was a message to UDBA and Tito that revenge was completed.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Aftermath
The first and so far only aircraft hijacking in Sweden, that of the Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130 took place at Bulltofta Airport on 15 September 1972. It was hijacked because the six Croats who were imprisoned for the murder of Yugoslav ambassador Rolović in Stockholm in 1971 would be released. The aircraft hijacking was already planned before the attack on the Yugoslav Embassy. Stojanov said in an interview in 2004 that if they were to get caught, their comrades would get them free by hijacking an airplane.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Aftermath
Three Croatian men, Tomislav Rebrina (36), Nicola Lisac (44) and Rudolf Prskalo (29), from the fascist Ustashe movement held 86 passengers and 4 crew members hostage. In the end, six of the detained terrorists who were taken to Malmö were exchanged for hostages to be released. The hijackers also received half a million Swedish crowns, which they demanded. A seventh of those involved in the ambassador's murder refused to come along. The plane took off and flew to Madrid. The hijackers and their comrades were arrested and received extremely symbolic punishments - rather protection - in Spain which was then under an authoritarian regime led by Francisco Franco. They were eventually released and scattered across the world. Some returned to Croatia in connection with the breakup of Yugoslavia.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Aftermath
After the release from a Spanish prison, Barešić lived a flattering life for several years. He worked for a couple of years under a false name as a bodyguard for Paraguay's president Alfredo Stroessner. When he arrived in the United States in 1979, he was disclosed and extradited to Sweden. Again, he created headlines when he repeatedly hunger striked to get his life sentence timed and avoid solitary confinement. In 1985, the sentence was converted to 18 years in prison and in 1987 Barešić was able to leave Österåker Prison where he served his last time of the sentence.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Aftermath
He was deported from Sweden to Paraguay. From there he finally returned to Croatia. Barešić was killed in action in July 1991, but the Croatian government kept his death secret for over a year so that the morale of the Croatian Army would not sink. He was appointed posthumously to general. Anđelko Brajković also returned to Croatia and retired as a colonel after the war.


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Aftermath
Both in connection with the murder of ambassador Rolović and after the aircraft hijacking, the diplomatic situation between Sweden and Yugoslavia was tense. Many Yugoslavians argued that the Swedish government should never have released the Croatian terrorists. The two attacks also caused great concern among the many Yugoslav immigrants in Sweden. However, as a result of the murder of Rolovic, the punishment for unlawful weapons possession and arms crimes in Sweden was tightened. In 1973, the much talked about terrorist law was passed, which gave the Swedish Security Service (Säpo) greater authority. Among other things, Säpo was now able to legally bug suspects phones and open their mail. The law also gave Säpo the right to expel a foreign citizen "with regard to what is known about the foreigner's previous activities".


1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting, Aftermath
Stojanov told an interviewer in 2004 that he considered the ambassador's murder and aircraft hijacking as the start of the Croatian struggle for independence.


1971 in Afghanistan
The following details notable events from the year 1971 in Afghanistan. The Afghan Islamic Republic, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of Central Asia, South Asia, and the Greater Middle East.


1971 in Afghanistan
Political life in the capital is dominated by squabbles between the administration and the People's Council. The 1969 elections had returned assembly members who were for the most part quite unfamiliar with parliamentary methods and procedure, at least as laid down in the constitution. The final brush comes over a widely supported demand that questions concerning the administration be dealt with by the minister concerned at the time they are asked. This may not seem serious, but it follows a series of deliberate refusals to pass bills that the government regarded as essential.


1971 in Afghanistan
These refusals were based less on any difference over principles than on the rivalry between groups headed by individual parliamentarians, who, in the absence of political parties, formed cabals linked by a determination to promote local interests. To secure the passage of essential legislation, the king is obliged to intervene, with a threat to dissolve parliament.


1971 in Afghanistan, May 17, 1971
Prime Minister Nur Ahmad Etemadi, after being continually frustrated in his efforts to modernize the administration and bring the country forward, resigns. He is persuaded to continue as head of the government until his successor, Abdul Zahir, who was ambassador in Rome, is confirmed as prime minister on June 9. Zahir makes earnest efforts to reach a good understanding with parliament; and when he presents his list of ministers to the king in July, he is able to put forward the general desire that the administration concentrate attention on the difficulties of low-income groups. The king gives an assurance that the wishes of the legislators will be respected.


1971 in Afghanistan, August 1971
The government takes the unprecedented step of launching a worldwide appeal for food after the most serious drought in the country's history. The economic life of the country is severely affected; it is feared that almost three-quarters of the nation's sheep, the main meat staple, might have perished. Large numbers of people cross into Pakistan and Iran in search of food. The response, especially from Pakistan and Iran, is generous. The government undertakes a massive campaign of relief operations to deal with the emergency, but is hampered by the traditionally independent attitude of remote outlying areas.


1971 in Afghanistan, September 1971
Afghanistan's ties with the Muslim world are strengthened by participation in the Islamic conference of foreign ministers that meets in Kabul.


1971 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Australia.


1971 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1971.


1971 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1971 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1971 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1971 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1971 in Bangladesh
1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1971st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 971st  year of the 2nd millennium, the 71st  year of the 20th century, and the  2nd   year of the 1970s decade.


1971 in Bangladesh
The year 1971 was the year when Bangladesh achieved independence and emerged as a sovereign country.


1971 in Bangladesh, Events, Sports
The Shadhin Bangla Football Team was formed by Bangladesh Krira Samity of the Bangladeshi government in exile shortly after the start of liberation war in 1971. This is the first instance of a Bangladesh national football team in any form. The team toured throughout India playing a total of 16 friendly matches to raise international awareness and economic support for the liberation war.


1971 in Bangladesh, Events, Sports
The Shadhin Bangla football team captain Zakaria Pintoo, was the first person to hoist the Bangladesh flag outside the territorial Bangladesh. By the end of the 16th match the team had contributed Tk 5 lac to Muktijuddho Fund in 1971.


1971 in Belgian television
This is a list of Belgian television related events from 1971.


1971 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1971 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 70th season of competitive football in the country.


1971 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
Villa Nova declared as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B champions by aggregate score of 4-2.


1971 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, Promotion
No club was promoted to the following year's first level.


1971 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1971.


1971 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1971.


1971 in British music
This is a summary of 1971 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.


1971 in British music, Year-end charts, Best-selling albums
The list of the top fifty best-selling albums of 1971 were published in Record Mirror at the end of the year, and later reproduced in the first edition of the BPI Year Book in 1976. However, in 2007 the Official Charts Company published album chart histories for each year from 1956 to 1977, researched by historian Sharon Mawer, and included an updated list of the top ten best-selling albums for each year based on the new research. The updated top ten for 1971 is shown in the table below.


1971 in British radio
This is a list of events in British radio during 1971.


1971 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1971.


1971 in Cambodia
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Cambodia.


1971 in Canadian television
The following is a list of events affecting Canadian television in 1971. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches.


1971 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Cape Verde.


1971 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Chile.


1971 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 1971.


1971 in Croatian television, Deaths
This Croatian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1971 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1971.


1971 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1971.


1971 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1971 in Estonia.


1971 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1971.


1971 in Estonian television, Deaths
This Estonian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1971 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 1971.


1971 in Greece
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Greece.


1971 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1971 in Iceland.


1971 in India
Events in the year 1971 in the Republic of India.


1971 in Irish television
The following is a list of events relating to television in Ireland from 1971.


1971 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1971 include:


1971 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1971 include:


1971 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1971 include:


1971 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1971.


1971 in Japan
Events in the year 1971 in Japan. It corresponds to Shōwa 46 (昭和46年) in the Japanese calendar.


1971 in LGBT rights
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) rights that took place in the year 1971.


1971 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Laos.


1971 in Libya
The following lists events that happened in 1971 in Libya.


1971 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Luxembourg.


1971 in Malaysia
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1971, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. Parliamentary government was restored on 5 February, after its 1969 suspension due to race riots.


1971 in Michigan
The Associated Press (AP) selected the top 10 news stories in Michigan as follows:


1971 in Michigan
The AP also selected the state's top 10 sports stories as follows:


1971 in Michigan, Population
In the 1970 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 8,875,083 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1980, the state's population had grown 4.4% to 9,262,078 persons.


1971 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 70,000 based on 1970 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1960 and 1980 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1971 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 120,000 based on 1970 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1960 and 1980 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1971 in Michigan, Music
Several songs performed by Michigan acts and/or recorded in Michigan ranked on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971, including the following:


1971 in Michigan, Music
Albums released by Michigan acts and/or recorded in Michigan in 1971 included the following:


1971 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in New Zealand.


1971 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
The 36th Parliament of New Zealand continued, with the second National government in power.


1971 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Radio and television
See : 1971 in New Zealand television, 1971 in television, List of TVNZ television programming, Category:Television in New Zealand, Category:New Zealand television shows, Public broadcasting in New Zealand


1971 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1971 film awards, 1971 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1971 films


1971 in Norwegian football
The 1971 season was the 66th season of competitive football in Norway.


1971 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1971 in Norwegian music.


1971 in Portugal, Arts and entertainment
Portugal participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971, with Tonicha and the song "Menina do alto da serra".


1971 in Portugal, Sport
In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1970–71 Primeira Divisão and 1971–72 Primeira Divisão; for the Taça de Portugal seasons, see 1970–71 Taça de Portugal and 1971–72 Taça de Portugal.


1971 in Rhodesia
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Rhodesia.


1971 in Scottish television
This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1971.


1971 in Singapore
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Singapore.


1971 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in South Africa.


1971 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives
Four new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways:


1971 in Swedish football
The 1971 season in Swedish football, starting April 1971 and ending November 1971:


1971 in Taiwan
Events from the year 1971 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 60 according to the official Republic of China calendar.


1971 in Thailand
The year 1971 was the 190th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 26th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2514 in the Buddhist Era.


1971 in Thailand, Incumbents
This Thailand-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1971 in Uganda
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Uganda.


1971 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1971 to Wales and its people.


1971 in Zaire
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Zaire.


1971 in Zaire, Sources
This year in Africa article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1971 in architecture
The year 1971 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1971 in association football
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1971 throughout the world.


1971 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1971  throughout the world.


1971 in baseball, Champions, Major League Baseball
1971 World Series:  Pittsburgh (NL) def. Baltimore (AL), 4 games to 3.


1971 in baseball, Champions, Major League Baseball
Inter-league playoff:  Pittsburgh (NL) declined challenge by Tokyo Yomiuri Giants.


1971 in comics, Conventions
I came back into the field because of [convention organizer Phil Seuling]. I remember [him] calling me in New London, [Connecticut], where I was sitting there as chairman of the board of Croft Publishing Co. My secretary said, 'There's a Mr. Seuling on the phone and he's talking about a comics convention. What is that?' ... I came down and was stunned at the existence of the whole world. ... That was a world that I had left, and I found it very exciting, very stimulating.


1971 in comics, Conventions
I went down to the convention, which was being held in one of the hotels in New York, and there was a group of guys with long hair and scraggly beards, who had been turning out what spun as literature, really popular 'gutter' literature if you will, but pure literature. And they were taking on illegal [sic] subject matter that no comics had ever dealt with before. ... I came away from that recognizing that a revolution had occurred then, a turning point in the history of this medium.


1971 in comics, Awards, Goethe Awards
Presented July 3, 1972, (for comics published in 1971) at the Comic Art Convention, New York City, in a ceremony emceed by Tony Isabella and Carl Gafford. The Goethe Award ballot was initially published in The Buyer's Guide to Comics Fandom, The Monster Times, and Graphic Story World. Nominations were sent in from 335 readers. Ultimately, there were 7 categories with 4-7 nominees in each category. 700 fans voted for the final nominees. The award results were also published in Comic Art News & Reviews.


1971 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1971.


1971 in film, Highest-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1971 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:


1971 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
The year 1971 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.


1971 in games
This page lists board and card games, wargames, and miniatures games published in 1971. For video and console games, see 1971 in video gaming.


1971 in heavy metal music
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal in the year 1971.


1971 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1971.


1971 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1971.


1971 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1971 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1971 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1971 in music
List of notable events in music that took place in the year 1971.


1971 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1971.


1971 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1971.


1971 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
An accipitrid, Type species A. varonai, moved to Gymnogyps varonai (2003),


1971 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Newly named birds
An eogruid. Type species P. turanicus Moved to Eogrus turanicus.


1971 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1971 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1971 in poetry, Works published in other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1971 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:


1971 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1971 in professional wrestling
1971 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1971 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1971.


1971 in science
The year 1971 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1971 in spaceflight
1971 saw the last three known deaths of cosmonauts of the Soviet space program and the only deaths in space. Their mission was to man humanity's first space station. The experimental bay door failed to separate so the first crew failed to dock and second crew were killed on re-entry. 1971 also saw the launch of the first and only British satellite on top of a British rocket after that success the program was cancelled.


1971 in sports
1971 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1971 in television
The year 1971 involved some significant events in television. Below is a list of notable TV-related events.


1971 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


1971 in the Philippines
1971 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1971.


1971 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1971 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


1971 in the United Arab Emirates
Events from the year 1971 in the United Arab Emirates.


1971 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1971 in the United Kingdom. The year was marked by the introduction of decimal currency.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam totaled 334,600 on 31 December 1970.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
Project Copper was an unsuccessful operation to use three Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)-trained Cambodian irregular force battalions to interdict the Sihanouk Trail. One battalion deserted, one mutinied during training and the third suffered extensive casualties and had to be withdrawn to assist in the defense of Phnom Penh.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
The United States Congress adopted the revised Cooper-Church Amendment which prohibited the introduction of U.S. ground troops or advisers into Cambodia and declared that U.S. aid to Cambodia should not be considered a commitment to the defense of Cambodia.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
Operation Silver Buckle was a Royal Lao Army (RLA) offensive staged in Military Region 4 of Laos and was the deepest RLA penetration to date of the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Reaching the Trailside village of Moung Nong, the forward two companies attacked the rear of the 50,000 man People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) garrison on 8 February 1971, just as Operation Lam Son 719 was launched by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and diverted at least six PAVN battalions away from the ARVN assault.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
The ARVN launched Operation Toàn Thắng TT02 which culminated in the Battle of Snuol against PAVN and Viet Cong (VC) forces in the Snuol District of Cambodia. The PAVN/VC lost 1,043 killed while the ARVN lost 37 killed, 74 missing and more than 300 captured. The operation rendered the ARVN 5th Division combat ineffective.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
United States Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird said that the "Vietnamization" of the war was running ahead of schedule and that the combat mission of the U.S. troops would end in summer 1971.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
The last herbicide spraying by the United States to defoliate forests in South Vietnam and kill crops used to feed communist soldiers and supporters was carried out in Ninh Thuan province. Operation Ranch Hand was finished.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
The 1st Battalion 1st Marines conducted Operation Upshur Stream, continuous reconnaissance and infantry patrolling and concentrated air and artillery attacks in an effort to prevent the PAVN/VC from using the Charlie Ridge base area for attacks against Da Nang.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
300 ARVN paratroopers with U.S. air support and advisers raided a suspected camp holding American prisoners of war in Cambodia. No POWs were in the camp, but 30 PAVN soldiers were captured.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
Joint U.S., South Vietnamese and Cambodian convoys begin up the Mekong River to supply Phnom Penh after Khmer Rouge attacks had cut off overland supply from Cambodia's seaports.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
The ARVN 4th Armor Brigade and 4th Ranger Group and the 2nd Marine Brigade together with Khmer National Armed Forces (FANK) forces launched Operation Cuu Long 44-02 to reopen Route 4 in Cambodia. The operation resulted in 211 PAVN and 16 ARVN killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
PAVN sappers attacked Pochentong Airfield near Phnom Penh and destroyed or damaged 69 Khmer National Aviation (AVNK) aircraft and killed 39 AVNK personnel, effectively destroying the AVNK.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
NBC reported that soldiers of the 173rd Airborne Brigade stationed at Landing Zone English were buying heroin from a Vietnamese house on the base and the South Vietnamese then proceeded to demolish the house.


1971 in the Vietnam War, January
U.S. forces launch Operation Dewey Canyon II to reopen Route 9 to the abandoned Khe Sanh Combat Base as the initial phase of Operation Lam Son 719.


1971 in the Vietnam War, February
Campaign 74B was a PAVN combined arms operation that recaptured the strategic Plain of Jars and brought the PAVN 316th Division within artillery range of the major RLA base at Long Tieng. The assault was stopped by Thai mercenary forces and U.S. air support and the PAVN withdrew as they exhausted their supplies.


1971 in the Vietnam War, February
In Operation Hoang Dien 103, units of III Marine Amphibious Force, Republic of Korea Marine Corps 2nd Marine Brigade, ARVN 51st Regiment, 146th PF Platoon, 39th RF Company and PSDF combed the Da Nang lowlands and lowland fringes, killing 330 PAVN/VC, while losing 46 killed, including two Americans.


1971 in the Vietnam War, February
Operation Lam Son 719 (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Lam Sơn 719 or Chiến dịch đường 9 – Nam Lào) was an invasion by 20,000 soldiers of the armed forces of South Vietnam of southeastern Laos. The objective of the operation was the disruption of the Ho Chi Minh Trail which supplied PAVN and VC forces in South Vietnam. Although claiming victory, the ARVN withdrew from Laos in disorder and suffered 9,000 casualties. The U.S. supported the operation and had 253 soldiers killed and many helicopters destroyed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, February
In Operation Lam Son 719, an armoured column of the ARVN reached Ban Dong, 20 kilometers inside Laos and one half the distance to Tchepone, the objective of the invasion. The route, Highway 9, was only barely passable and the advance stalled. The PAVN concentrated their resistance against a number of small bases established in Laos to support the operation.


1971 in the Vietnam War, February
An RVNAF UH-1 helicopter carrying photojournalists Larry Burrows, Henri Huet, Kent Potter and Keizaburo Shimamoto and seven others was shot down over Laos killing all on board.


1971 in the Vietnam War, February
Operation Desert Rat was an RLA operation intended to harass the PAVN as they fought off the ARVN in Operation Lam Son 719. The operation resulted in 121 PAVN killed and 39 trucks destroyed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, February
New ARVN I Corps commander Lieutenant General Đỗ Cao Trí dies in a helicopter crash near Bien Hoa Air Base. Photojournalist François Sully leapt 75 feet (23 m) from the burning helicopter but later died of his injuries.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
A bomb exploded in the United States Capitol building at 1:32 a.m., injuring nobody but causing $300,000 in damage. The Weather Underground took credit for the bombing which was in protest of the invasion of Laos.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
In Operation Lam Son 719, an airborne operation began against Tchepone, Laos, this was the largest airborne assault of the Vietnam War utilizing 120 UH-1 helicopters to transport two battalions. Tchepone was captured without major resistance.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu of South Vietnam ordered the withdrawal of South Vietnamese troops from Laos. He ignored the recommendation of U.S. Commander General Creighton Abrams that South Vietnam reinforce its troops in Laos and hold its position. The withdrawal became a rout with South Vietnam suffering heavy casualties.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
The 198th Light Infantry Brigade launched Operation Finney Hill to secure lines of communication and pacification operations in the coastal area of Quảng Ngãi Province. The operation resulted in 454 PAVN/VC killed and eight captured, U.S. losses were 32 killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
The 196th Light Infantry Brigade launched Operation Middlesex Peak a security operation to prevent PAVN/VC infiltration into the coastal lowlands of Quảng Tín and Quảng Ngãi Provinces. The operation resulted in 463 PAVN/VC killed and 22 captured and U.S. losses of 50 killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
PAVN artillery began to shell Khe Sanh Combat Base, the main base supporting Operation Lam Son 719.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger admitted to President Richard Nixon that Lam Son 719 "comes out as clearly not a success." The failure of Lam Son 719 was called by one scholar "the military turning point of the war."


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
A PAVN sapper attack on Khe Sanh Combat Base resulted in three Americans killed and several aircraft and two ammunition dumps destroyed, PAVN losses were 14 killed and one captured.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
In Operation Lam Son 719, most South Vietnamese soldiers had crossed the border back into South Vietnam and fighting in Laos ceased.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
Several dozen PAVN sappers infiltrated Fire Support Base Mary Ann in Quảng Tín Province and killed 30 American soldiers. Mary Ann was scheduled to be turned over to the ARVN and the U.S. forces withdrawn. Several American officers were demoted or reprimanded for "substandard performance."


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
The jury at a military court-martial convicted Lieutenant William Calley of the premeditated murder of 22 Vietnamese civilians during the My Lai massacre of 1968. Calley was the only soldier convicted for his role in the massacre.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
PAVN/VC forces killed 103 South Vietnamese civilians and destroyed 1,500 homes in the Duc Duc massacre in Duc Duc District, Quảng Nam Province.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
A confidential U.S. Army directive ordered the interception and confiscation of anti-Vietnam War and other dissident material being sent to U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam.


1971 in the Vietnam War, March
Lieutenant William Calley was sentenced to life imprisonment and hard labor at Fort Leavenworth for his role in the My Lai massacre. The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley was released by Terry Nelson around this date protesting Calley's innocence.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
The U.S. 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile) and the ARVN 1st Division launched Operation Texas Star against PAVN forces in Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên Provinces. The operation resulted in 1,782 PAVN and 386 U.S. killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
President Nixon ordered Calley to be transferred from Fort Leavenworth prison to house arrest.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
Khe Sanh Combat Base, reactivated to support Operation Lam Son 719, was abandoned once again.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
Operation Xieng Dong was a successful RLA operation to defend the capital Luang Prabang against a PAVN attack. RLA forces from across the country converged on the capital and forced the PAVN 335th Regiment to withdraw.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
The 3rd Marine Amphibious Brigade was activated at Camp Jay K. Brooks and III Marine Amphibious Force transferred all remaining Marine forces to it.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee stating: "Someone has to die so that President Nixon won't be - and these are his words - 'the first president to lose a war.' How do you ask a man to be the last man to die in Vietnam? How do you ask a man to be the last man to die for a mistake?"


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
Members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War threw away over 700 medals on the west steps of the Capitol building in Washington to protest the war. The next day, antiwar organizers claimed that 500,000 marched, making this the largest demonstration since the November 1969 march.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
The 196th Light Infantry Brigade launched Operation Caroline Hill to locate and engage PAVN/VC forces, lines of communications and base areas and provide security for pacification programs in the area west and south of Da Nang following the departure of the III Marine Amphibious Force. The operation resulted in 161 PAVN/VC killed and 11 captured and U.S. losses of 15 killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
Catholic Priest Philip Berrigan and seven others were indicted for planning to kidnap Henry Kissinger and to blow up government buildings.


1971 in the Vietnam War, April
President Nixon welcomed the 1st Marine Division back from South Vietnam at a ceremony at Camp Pendleton.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
A reinforced company of VC infantry and sappers stormed Đại Lộc District Headquarters behind a mortar and rocket barrage. RF/PF forces killed 95 VC and captured 43 individual and crew-served weapons, at a cost of 15 dead and 43 wounded.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
15,000 soldiers and police arrested more than 7,000 persons protesting the war in Washington.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
1,146 protesters against the war were arrested on the U.S. Capitol grounds trying to shut down the U.S. Congress. This brought the total arrested during the 1971 May Day Protests to over 12,000.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
The Paris Peace Talks between North Vietnam, South Vietnam, the Viet Cong and the United States enter their fourth year. Little or no progress had been made.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
Operation Phoutah was an RLA defensive operation against a PAVN strike from Tchepone. The RLA failed in its attempts to capture Moung Phalane.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
30 U.S. infantrymen, many from Company A, 1st Battalion, 61st Infantry Regiment, were killed when a PAVN 122mm rocket hit their bunker at Charlie 2.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
Elements of the 38th Regiment and 91st Sapper Battalion attacked Dai Xuyen District, south of Da Nang, where over 80,000 South Vietnamese civilians, including high government officials, had gathered for a religious ceremony. The battle raged throughout the day and into the following night before the PAVN/VC fell back, leaving behind over 200 dead while Allied losses were five killed. 20 civilians died in the fighting and homes in the area suffered extensive damage.


1971 in the Vietnam War, May
Henry Kissinger in secret peace negotiations with North Vietnam in Paris introduced a new proposal for a U.S. withdrawal from South Vietnam, a ceasefire in place and an exchange of prisoners. The ceasefire in place was a key concession because it would allow PAVN soldiers to remain in South Vietnam at least temporarily.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
Brigadier General John W. Donaldson was charged with the murder of six Vietnamese civilians during operations in November 1968-January 1969 while flying in his helicopter over Quảng Ngãi Province. A colonel at the time of the alleged crimes, he was the first U.S. general charged with war crimes since 1902 and the highest ranking American to be accused of war crimes during the war. The charges were eventually dismissed due to lack of evidence.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
The PAVN attack Hill 950, a U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group operations base and United States Army Security Agency radio relay site overlooking the Khe Sanh plateau. Many of the personnel at the base were evacuated by helicopter, but approximately 22 remained to defend the base and destroy its secret communications system and were either captured or evaded into the surrounding area.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
In the Battle of Long Khánh the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment attacked a PAVN/VC base camp in Long Khánh Province. The battle resulted in five VC and three Australians killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
Operation Phiboonpol was an offensive by four RLA battalions to capture the Bolaven Plateau overlooking the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Faced with strong opposition from the PAVN the RLA only managed to secure a tenuous position on the edge of the plateau after suffering heavy losses.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
The Mansfield Amendment, authored by Senator Mike Mansfield, was adopted by Congress. The amendment urged withdrawing American troops from South Vietnam at "the earliest practical date"—the first time in U.S. history that Congress had called for the end of a war.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
Private Ken Harding died of wounds becoming the last of 37 New Zealand soldiers to die in the war.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
The last units of the 3rd Marine Amphibious Brigade left Da Nang.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
North Vietnam negotiators Le Duc Tho and Xuan Thuy responded to Kissinger's 31 May proposal with a nine-point "bargaining proposal." This was the first time that the North Vietnamese had indicated a willingness to negotiate rather than presenting unilateral demands.


1971 in the Vietnam War, June
Colonel David Hackworth appeared on ABC's Issues and Answers where he strongly criticized U.S. commanders in Vietnam, said the war could not be won, and called for U.S. withdrawal.


1971 in the Vietnam War, July
Kissinger made the first of two secret visits to China that paved the way for Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. Following this meeting Zhou Enlai travelled to Hanoi to advise the North Vietnamese leadership of the change in Sino-American relations. The North Vietnamese were outraged by this change which they correctly perceived as an attempt by the U.S. to undermine Chinese support for North Vietnam in return for a change in U.S. policy towards Taiwan.


1971 in the Vietnam War, July
The Politburo of North Vietnam instructed its negotiators in Paris not to make any further concessions to the United States.


1971 in the Vietnam War, July
Kissinger announced that the United States was prepared to provide $7.5 billion in aid to Vietnam, of which $2.5 billion could go to North Vietnam, and to withdraw all American forces within nine months.


1971 in the Vietnam War, July
Operation Sayasila was an RLA operation to capture Salavan and Paksong. The RLA succeeded at heavy cost with eight battalions rendered combat ineffective.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
Operation Phou Khao Kham was an RLA operation to clear PAVN/Pathet Lao forces from Routes 13 and 7 north of Vientiane and capture Muang Soui. The RLA succeeded in recapturing Muang Soui but fails to clear the approach routes.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
ARVN General Duong Van Minh submitted evidence to the U.S. Embassy in Saigon that President Thiệu was rigging the Presidential election scheduled for October.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
The U.S. Embassy in Saigon informed Washington that if President Thiệu persisted in his efforts to make the upcoming Presidential election a charade, it might cause "growing political instability in South Vietnam."


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
VC sappers sank the SS Green Bay at port in Qui Nhơn, it was the largest merchant ship sunk during the war and ultimately had to be scrapped.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
Australia and New Zealand announce that the will withdraw their combat forces from South Vietnam.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
General Minh withdrew as a candidate for president in the upcoming presidential election in South Vietnam. Minh said "I cannot put up with a disgusting farce that strips away all the people's hope of a democratic regime."


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
William Calley's life sentence for his role in the My Lai massacre was reduced to 20 years. Calley served three and one-half years of his sentence before being paroled.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
Operation Chenla II was a major FANK military operation. The FANK failed to dislodge the PAVN/VC from Cambodian territory and suffered heavy casualties.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
Nguyễn Cao Kỳ withdrew his candidacy for president in the upcoming election. Incumbent President Thiệu was the only candidate remaining in the election.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
A PAVN/VC sapper attack on the Cam Ranh Base tri-service ammunition storage area destroyed over 6000 tons of munitions with a value of more than US$10 million.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
The 173rd Airborne Brigade redeployed from South Vietnam, it was the longest continuously serving allied military unit of the war.


1971 in the Vietnam War, August
The 1st Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mechanized) redeployed from South Vietnam.


1971 in the Vietnam War, September
Operation Jefferson Glenn was the last major ground operation in which U.S. troops participated in the Vietnam War. Three battalions of the 101st Airborne Division patrolled the area west of the city of Huế, called the "rocket belt," to try to prevent PAVN/VC rocket attacks. The Americans were gradually replaced by ARVN forces. The Americans and South Vietnamese claimed to have inflicted 2,026 casualties on the PAVN/VC.


1971 in the Vietnam War, September
A bomb exploded in the Tu Do Nightclub in Saigon killing 14 Vietnamese and one American and wounding more than 50 others.


1971 in the Vietnam War, September
In the Battle of Nui Le the 4RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion engaged PAVN/VC forces at Núi Lé, Chau Duc District. The battle resulted in 14 PAVN/VC and five Australians killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, September
Marine Security Guard Sergeant Charles "Wayne" Turberville was killed in a Khmer Rouge grenade attack in Phnom Penh.


1971 in the Vietnam War, September
Operation Sourisak Montry VIII was a Thai offensive against Pathet Lao forces along the Mekong River near Xieng Lom, Laos. The operation was indecisive with the Pathet Lao retaining control of the area.


1971 in the Vietnam War, October
The 1971 South Vietnamese presidential election was held. Incumbent President Thiệu garnered 94.3 percent of the vote. All of Thiệu's opponents had dropped out of the race.


1971 in the Vietnam War, October
Several U.S. soldiers at Firebase Pace near the Cambodian border refused to undertake a patrol outside the perimeter of the firebase. The combat refusal was widely reported by the media as was a letter signed by 65 American soldiers at Firebase Pace to U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy protesting that they were being ordered to participate in offensive combat operations despite U.S. policy to the contrary.


1971 in the Vietnam War, October
President Nixon announced that "American troops are now in a defensive position...the offensive activities of search and destroy are now being undertaken by the South Vietnamese"


1971 in the Vietnam War, October
Prime Minister Lon Nol of Cambodia suspended the Cambodian National Assembly and announced that he would run the country by executive decree. Lon Nol said that "the sterile game of democracy" was hindering the Cambodian government's fight against the communist forces of the Khmer Rouge and North Vietnamese.


1971 in the Vietnam War, October
Typhoon Hester made landfall over South Vietnam causing severe damage. At Chu Lai Base Area, Hester damaged or destroyed 75 percent of the structures in the base. Sustained winds and gusts in the base were estimated to have reached 130 km/h (80 mph) and 160 km/h (105 mph) respectively. Four hangars collapsed in the Chu Lai Air Base, with total aircraft losses amounting to 36 destroyed and 87 damaged. The 91st Evacuation Hospital was mostly destroyed and was forced to transfer patients to Qui Nhơn.


1971 in the Vietnam War, October
Nearly 50 percent of the structures at the Marble Mountain Air Facility were damaged by the storm's high winds. Heavy rains accompanying the storm caused considerable flooding in the country, approximately 370 km (230 mi) of coastline between Quảng Trị and Da Nang were inundated. About 90 percent of homes in Da Nang were damaged. Twenty-two people were killed when an RVNAF C-47 transport crashed 5 miles (8.0 km) west Qui Nhơn. Thee Americans were killed due to flying debris during the storm and twenty-one others were injured. On 25 October, thunderstorms associated with Hester were blamed for a CH-47 crash near Nha Trang that killed 10 Americans.


1971 in the Vietnam War, November
Operation Bedrock was an RLA offensive against the PAVN 46th Battalion near Salavan. The operation succeeded in securing the rice growing area near Salavan.


1971 in the Vietnam War, November
A U.S. Senate sub-committee issued a 300-page report "corruption, criminality, and moral compromise" at U.S. Post Exchanges in South Vietnam.


1971 in the Vietnam War, November
President Nixon announced that U.S. forces in South Vietnam were now in a purely defensive role.


1971 in the Vietnam War, November
Operation Thao La was an RLA dry season offensive to capture the Bolaven Plateau. The RLA secure Tha Theng and Ban Phong but lost Salavan and Paksong. The operation resulted in 1,204 PAVN and 399 RLA killed.


1971 in the Vietnam War, November
A US Army CH-47 carrying five crew and 28 soldiers from the 327th Infantry Regiment on a flight from Da Nang to Phu Bai Combat Base crashed into high ground killing all onboard.


1971 in the Vietnam War, December
The Vinh wiretap was a CIA espionage operation to intercept North Vietnamese military telephone lines.


1971 in the Vietnam War, December
Campaign Z was a PAVN combined arms operation against the RLA base at Long Tieng. The PAVN used T-34 tanks and 130mm field guns for the first time supported by VPAF fighter jets. The PAVN were able to temporarily seize high ground and shell Long Tieng before being pushed back.


1971 in the Vietnam War, December
President Nixon ordered the initiation of Operation Proud Deep Alpha, an intensive five-day bombing campaign against military targets in North Vietnam just north of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone above the 17th parallel north.


1971 in the Vietnam War, December
Operation Maharat was the RLA defense of the Route 7 and 13 intersection at Sala Phoun Khoun. After being initially pushed out the RLA counterattacked and seized the area.


1971 in the Vietnam War, December
The number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam totaled 156,800.


1971 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1971. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


1971 in video games
At the beginning of the 1970s, video games existed almost entirely as novelties passed around by programmers and technicians with access to computers, primarily at research institutions and large companies. The history of video games transitioned into a new era early in the decade, however, with the rise of the commercial video game industry.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals
Bengali intellectuals killing in 1971, the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, most notably the extreme right wing Islamist militia group Al-Badr, engaged in the systematic execution of Bengali pro-liberation intellectuals during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a war crime. Intellectuals were killed throughout the entire duration of the war. The largest number of executions took place on 25 March and 14 December 1971, as it became apparent that Bangladesh would become independent. 14 December is commemorated in Bangladesh as Martyred Intellectuals Day.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Black Night of 25 March
At the beginning of Operation Searchlight, on the night of 25 March 1971, a number of professors from Dhaka University were killed.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Reason behind the killing
Since the establishment of the State of Pakistan, the rulers of West Pakistan discriminated against citizens of East Pakistan and denied them civil and political rights. The discrimination was visible in all disciplines and the attack on the language and culture was direct. As a result, the discontent and anger in the minds of Bengalis turned to political and cultural protests and these movements were led by intellectuals from all parts of society. They encouraged and seeded the idea of nationalism in the heart of Bengalis through social and cultural activities. As a result of their cultural movement, the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) gradually became aware of their rights, which turned the movement toward political protests.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, 14 December executions
As the war neared its end, a final effort was made to kill as many intellectuals as possible, to eliminate the future leaders of the new nation of Bangladesh. On 14 December 1971, over 200 of Bangladesh's intellectuals including professors, journalists, doctors, artists, engineers, and writers were abducted from their homes in Dhaka by the Al-Badr militia and the Pakistan Army. Notable novelist Shahidullah Kaiser and playwright Munier Choudhury were among the victims. They were taken blindfolded to torture cells in Mirpur, Mohammadpur, Nakhalpara, Rajarbagh and other locations in different parts of the city. Later they were executed en masse, most notably at Rayerbazar and Mirpur. In memory of the martyred intellectuals, 14 December is mourned in Bangladesh as Shaheed Buddhijibi Dibosh, or Day of the Martyred Intellectuals.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, 14 December executions
It is widely speculated that the killings of 14 December were orchestrated by Major General Rao Farman Ali. After the liberation of Bangladesh a list of Bengali intellectuals (most of whom were executed on 14 December) was discovered in a page of his diary left behind at the Governor's House. The existence of such a list was confirmed by Ali himself although he denied the motive of genocide. The same was also confirmed by Altaf Gauhar, a former Pakistani bureaucrat. He mentioned an incident in which Gauhar asked Ali to delete a friend's name from the list and Ali did so in front of him.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Notable victims
Many notable intellectuals who were killed from 25 March to 16 December 1971 in different parts of the country include:


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Verdict on the killing
On 3 November 2013, a Special Court in Dhaka has sentenced two former leaders of the al-Badr killing squad to death for war crimes committed during Bangladesh's war of liberation in 1971. Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, a Muslim leader based in London, and Ashrafuz Zaman Khan, based in the US, were sentenced in absentia after the court found that they were involved in the abduction and murders of 18 intellectuals – nine Dhaka University professors, six journalists and three physicians – in December 1971. Prosecutors said the killings were carried out between 10 and 15 December, when Pakistan was losing the war in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan), and were part of a campaign intended to strip the newborn nation of its intellectuals.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Verdict on the killing
On 2 November 2014, International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh sentenced Mir Quasem Ali to death for war crimes which include the killings of intellectuals. It was proved in the tribunal that he was a key organiser of the Al-Badr, which planned and executed the killing of the intellectuals on 14 December 1971.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Statistics
The number of intellectuals killed is estimated in Banglapedia as follows:


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Statistics
The district wise break-up of the number of martyred academicians and lawyers published in 1972 was as follows –


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Statistics
Administrative districts and divisions mentioned here are as they were in 1972.


1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals, Commemoration
Martyred Intellectuals Day is held annually to commemorate the victims. In Dhaka, hundreds of thousands of people walk to Mirpur to lay flowers at the Martyred Intellectuals Memorial. The president and the prime minister of Bangladesh and heads of all three wings of the Bangladesh armed forces pay homage at the memorial.


1971 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 1971 population census in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the tenth census of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia conducted a population census on 31 March 1971. 3,746,111 people populated the territory of Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers
The 1971 shooting of Dallas County and Kaufman County Sheriff's Deputies (also known as the Trinity River Massacre) occurred on February 15, 1971, when Rene Guzman and Leonardo Lopez abducted five law enforcement officers in West Dallas, Texas, killing three officers and injuring one at a site near the Trinity River. One deputy was able to escape the shooting and call for help. Guzman and Lopez were suspects in a burglary in Ellis County, Texas, and the officers were obtaining consent-to-search forms when they were abducted.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers
Guzman and Lopez were able to escape after the shootings, beginning a manhunt that led to their arrest in East Dallas. Guzman and Lopez were tried, found guilty, and sentenced to death. However, following issues in the court case and the death penalty being declared unconstitutional, they were given a retrial. Both were given four life sentences. Lopez was paroled in 1991, but was incarcerated again for a separate case.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, William Don Reese
Deputy Sheriff William Reese was born on October 15, 1939, in Dallas, Texas, to H. G. Reese and Grace Watson. He served with the Big Spring police force before joining the Dallas County Sheriff's department in 1962. His funeral services were held at the First Baptist Church of Rockwall, and he was buried at Rockwall Cemetery. He had been steadily progressing within the ranks of his department before his death. He was survived by his parents and a brother.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, Samuel Garcia Infante, Jr.
Deputy Sheriff Samuel Infante was born on September 21, 1938, in Corpus Christi, Texas, to Samuel H. Infante and Eva Garcia. He was a Navy veteran, and he had spent six years serving in the Corpus Christi police department before joining the Dallas County Sheriff's department in 1967. His funeral services were at the Southland Funeral Chapel in Grand Prairie, Texas, and he was buried at Moore Memorial Gardens in Arlington, Texas. He was described as gentle and conscientious. He was survived by his wife and son.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, Arthur James Robertson
Deputy Sheriff Arthur Robertson was born on June 12, 1911, in Texas, to James R. Robertson and Effie Jackson. He was a veteran of World War II. He worked as a superintendent of the Ellis County Penal Farm and worked in the Texas penal system for 20 years before joining the Ellis County Sheriff's Department. His funeral services were held at the First Methodist Church of Waxahachie, and he was buried in Waxahachie. He was described as jolly.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, Arthur Daniel “A.D.” McCurley, Jr.
Officer A. D. McCurley was born on February 24, 1925, in Tyler, Texas. He served as a tank driver during World War II. He worked as a bus driver before entering law enforcement. In 1963 he was named Officer of the Year for his work on investigating the Kennedy Assassination: he was one of the first officers at the scene of the shooting position in the Texas School Book Depository Building. He retired as a deputy Sheriff in 1987, and in 1990 was elected mayor of Murchison, Texas, and served for two terms.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, Arthur Daniel “A.D.” McCurley, Jr.
He died on September 21, 2001, in Tyler. He was buried at Haven of Memories in Canton, Texas. He was described as humorous and kind. He was survived by his wife, three sons, and two grandchildren. After the shooting, McCurley stated to interviewers that he thought often of the event and why he was spared while others had died.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, Wendell Dover
Deputy Wendell Dover was born on May 29, 1921, in the Byrd community near Waxahachie, to Charlie D. Dover and Ruth Whatley. He served in the Army Air Corps during World War II. He worked as a carpenter before working at the Ellis County Sheriff’s office as a Deputy Sheriff. He died on March 5, 2005, in Ennis, Texas. His funeral services were held at Keever Chapel, and he was buried at Grady Cemetery.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, Rene Adolpho Guzman
Rene Guzman was born on September 20, 1937, and was 33 years old at the time of the murders. Before the murders, he had received a four-year probated sentence for robberies by assault in Jim Hogg and Hidalgo counties in 1959. His probation was revoked in 1961, and he served time in prison until 1963. He was later found guilty of burglary in Hall and Swisher counties and was given a 10-year sentence for the burglaries. He was out of jail by November 1967, and in July 1968, he was charged with murder in a stabbing incident. The murder charges were dropped after witnesses became reluctant to testify. His brother, 35 year old Moises Zuniga Guzman, was arrested as a suspect the day after the murders. He had no record of convictions in the office of Dallas District Attorney Henry Wade.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Parties involved, Leonardo Ramos Lopez
Leonardo was 24 years old at the time of the murders. After his arrest, he told reporters that he had a heroin addiction that cost him $75 to $150 per day. He was married to his first wife at the time of the murders and trials.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Background
The town of Bristol, Texas, was an alleged target for burglars from Dallas. The town did not have a police force, and investigations were conducted by either Ellis or Dallas County officers. On the afternoon of Monday, February 15, 1971, a home near Bristol was burglarized, and several items including a television set and stereo were taken. A resident of Bristol had copied down the license plate number of a car that was unfamiliar and reported it to the Ellis County police. Ellis County deputies A. J. Robertson and Wendell Dover went to Dallas with a felony warrant to investigate the home of the car owner. They were later joined by Dallas County officers Samuel Infante (who was a Spanish speaker), William Reese, and A.D. McCurley.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Background
The car owner was registered as living at 2810 Ingersoll Street, Dallas, Texas. Infante, Robertson, and Dover were the first to arrive at the address. Guzman and Lopez were seated in a white Ford Fairlane in the front yard of the house. The car that had been reported in Ellis County, a red and white 1962 Ford, was backed up to the house. The two men invited the officers into the house, with Infante acting as a translator.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Background
While inside the house, Infante contacted the Dallas Sheriff's office and requested for Reese to bring a blank consent-to-search form to the house. Reese was joined by McCurley and the two made their way to the house. Guzman and Lopez told the officers that the car in question had been left at their house and that they had not participated in any burglaries. Dover stepped out of the house to check if the engine in the 1962 Ford was still warm.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Background
While he was checking the car, one of the men followed him out of the house and pressed a gun to Dover's back. The man took Dover's pistol and forced him into the house, where Dover saw Infante and Robertson being held at gunpoint and seated. After Infante had ended his call to the sheriff's office, Guzman and Lopez pulled their guns on the officers and disarmed them. Robertson told Dover to do as the gunmen said. Dover, Infante, and Robertson's hands were tied and the gunmen awaited the arrival of the officers Infante had called. Reese and McCurley arrived at the house around 15 minutes after the officers were disarmed and were told to enter by an unknown voice.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
McCurley and Reese entered the house and saw Infante, Robertson, and Dover with their hands bound and seated on chairs. Guzman and Lopez had waited on either side of the entry door, and they had a gun in each hand. They threatened McCurley and Reese before taking their weapons and binding their hands with rope. A third man entered the house for a short time and spoke with Guzman and Lopez before leaving. Infante attempted to reason with Guzman and Lopez. He told the men that they had the officer's guns, money, and cars, and could flee to Mexico.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
The men refused. Dover stated that neither of the men appeared to be under the influence of drugs, and that the taller gunman seemed nervous whereas the shorter man appeared "steady as a rock". One of the men went out and backed a squad car to the back door of the house. The men then took the officers and sat them inside the county squad car. Infante was placed in the front seat, and the rest of the officers were placed in the back seat. One of the men returned to the home, and one remained at the squad car. Officer Reese spoke to the remaining man and attempted to convince him to release them, but the other man returned and the two men entered the car with the officers.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
Infante's hands were untied, and he was forced at gunpoint to drive. The men were driven onto Singleton Drive going east, turned onto Hampton Road going north towards the Trinity River, west onto Canada Drive, and then north towards a dirt road parallel to the Trinity River levee. While approaching the Trinity riverbank, Reese whispered to McCurley that he had freed his hands, and that the incident had "...gone far enough. They mean to kill us."


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
As Infante was ordered to stop the car in a small gully between the levee and the dirt road, he stated aloud: "This is it. They're going to kill us now." Guzman and Lopez had been communication between one another in Spanish. All seven men quickly got out of the car. Reese told Guzman and Lopez that all of the officers had freed their hands, and both he and an Ellis county officer attempted to dissuade Guzman and Lopez from killing them. Reese swung at Guzman, and was shot by Guzman. Infante tackled Lopez, and was shot and killed.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
Dover and Robertson fled the scene towards Westmoreland Street. Robertson saw that Guzman and Lopez had returned to the squad car and were driving towards Dover and Robertson, and he shouted to Dover that the men were going to run them down. Dover and Robertson went over the levee to the riverbank. Dover reached the edge of the river after Robertson and saw Robertson cornered by the shorter of the two men. The man's gun was jammed, and Robertson called for Dover to help him capture the man.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
As Dover made his way to Robertson, the other shooter came down the riverbank towards them. He was armed with two guns. Robertson yelled at Dover to run and the two fled down the river bank. Robertson was shot in the back near the river's edge. Dover ran up to the bank in an attempt to retrieve a loaded shotgun from the squad car when he was shot by a gunman from the top of the river bank. He fell unconscious. When he regained consciousness, he saw Robertson laying near him. He checked for a pulse and found that Robertson was dead. Reese was also laying nearby, and Dover found that he was also deceased. Dover made his way over the levee embankment and could not see the gunmen. He went over the embankment and went towards Westmoreland Street.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
As the shooting broke out, McCurley dove backwards over the riverbank. He landed 20 feet (6.1 m) down the slope near the edge of the Trinity River. A tree at the edge of the river stopped McCurley from falling into the water, and caused him to free his bound hands. He had feared falling into the water with his hands tied. He ran east alongside the river and crawled under bushes until he reached Westmoreland Road. McCurley was able to flag down a car, and the driver took him to a gas station.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
McCurley used the phone at the gas station to call city police, and obtained a small pistol from the gas station attendant. A city officer picked McCurley up from the gas station, and the two returned to the scene of the shooting. Guzman and Lopez had left. Dover was found stumbling through a grassy area northeast of the shooting site. He had been shot in the chest and arm. McCurley and the officer picked him up and took him to Parkland Hospital.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Abduction and shootings
Other police officers and deputies made their way to the shooting site and found the bodies of the other officers. Infante's body was found face down in a pile of rubble. Reese's body was found west of Infante and down the riverbank. He was on his back. Robertson's body was found near Reese.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
The suspects had left the site in the stolen squad car, which was later found abandoned. The officer's billfolds had been taken. Over 400 sheriffs and officers searched the area for suspects. Two men were arrested as suspects the evening of the shooting, and it was theorized that the third man, the leader of the group, was believed to have been recently released from prison for a murder conviction. On Tuesday, February 16, Rene Guzman and his brother Moises Guzman were charged with murder with malice. The brothers were both residents of 2810 Ingersoll Street.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
One of the arrested suspects was Moises, who had been arrested in the 2900 block of Weisenbarger Street. His and Rene's fingerprints were allegedly found in the stolen squad car. Rene was still at large at the time the murder charges were set, and lawmen searched motorists passing through the Texas-Mexico border.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
On Thursday, February 18, McCurley identified Moises as the man who entered and left the home before the shootings. McCurley stated in an earlier interview that the shooters had attempted to convince Moises to join them, but Moises refused. Moises, who had been held without bond since his arrest on Monday, made a written statement that told his account of the day of the shootings. Moises stated that he arrived at his home on Ingersoll Street around 5:30 pm and was warned by his stepfather that there was trouble inside the house.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
Moises entered the home and saw his brother, Rene, and an unnamed friend holding guns. He saw the officers tied down in chairs. He left the house immediately and walked half a block down the street, and did not return until he saw a car full of people leaving the house. Moises returned to the home and took four rifles and a television set and, using Rene's car, drove to a relative's house on Weisenbarger Street where he was later arrested. Following his statement and McCurley's interview, Rene remained a suspect and a warrant was set out for an unnamed John Doe, the second shooter.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
An informant connected to the US Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs told the police that Guzman and Lopez were hiding in a boarding house on Ross Avenue. Following the arrests, the informant received a $1,000 reward. The man, later identified as heroin dealer Agapito Gonzales, was murdered in June 1971.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
On Friday, February 19, about 40 federal, state, county, and city officers participated in a raid on an apartment complex at 4627 San Jacinto Street. The raid was led by Dallas County Deputy Sheriff Lew Acker, partner of Infante. An entire block was sealed off in preparation of the raid, with the perimeter of the block being defined by San Jacinto Street, Annex Street, Fitzhugh Street, and Ross Avenue. Around 12:30 am, police entered the apartment of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Rodriguez. Gunfire was exchanged, and both Thomas and his pregnant wife were shot.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
The police searched the large building in the apartment complex and found and arrested Guzman and Lopez at around 1:00 am. Two women, one of whom was reported to be a companion of Guzman, had hindered the police by initially claiming that there was no one else within the apartment. A police officer saw curtains move in the bathroom window, and officers pushed past the two women and entered the apartment. Officers ordered Guzman and Lopez to surrender. Guzman tossed out a pistol from the bathroom and surrendered, and Lopez was arrested and removed from the bathroom. Within the apartment police found two pistols, including Infante's .38 caliber service revolver, which had been tossed out of an adjoining room. Two women, Alice Rosales and Angie Hernandez, would be charged as accessories to the murder for resisting the officers as the apartment was raided.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
Guzman confessed to the killings on the night of his arrest. He stated that he and Lopez began shooting at an officer when Reese freed his hands and took a .32 caliber revolver. It was speculated that Guzman remained in Dallas to stay close to his heroin supplier.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
Five days after his arrest, Lopez confessed to the triple slayings in a signed written statement. According to his statement, it was Guzman who first drew his gun on Infante, Robertson, and Dover at the Ingersoll house, and it was Guzman's idea to drive the men to the Trinity River. Lopez stated that the shootings began when Reese freed his hands and managed to grab a pistol. Lopez claimed that Reese began shooting at him.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Search and arrests
He claimed to have seen Guzman kill Infante, and that Reese had run out of bullets and was running away when Lopez shot and killed him. Lopez and Guzman then chased Robertson and Dover, and Lopez shot one of the men once. Lopez looked for the other officer, McCurley, but could not find him. Lopez stated that he had taken a hit of heroin within two hours before the murders, and could not explain why the killings happened. He claimed he and Guzman did not attempt to leave Dallas because of their drug addictions. When a deputy asked if Lopez had any questions before he signed his confession, Lopez only asked if he would get the chair.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
The Rodriguez family lived in a garage apartment at the San Jacinto address. An informant had claimed Guzman lived in the garage apartment, leading to the raid. Detective Captain Robert O. Dixon reported that his team announced themselves as police officers and commanded anyone in the apartment to open the door three times, but heard no response. He saw a light turn on and off within the apartment before someone inside shot at the officers twice. Officers returned fire.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
Thomas Rodriguez (also spelled Tomas) lived with his five-months-pregnant wife, Berta, and their eight children. On February 24, he gave his account of the night of the shooting to Pancho Medrano, a labor and civil rights activist. The interview was conducted in Spanish and published in El Sol de Texas and Papel Chicano. According to Thomas, he and his family were asleep when he heard the sound of someone attempting to break the door down. The children woke up and began crying and screaming.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
He went to the front door of the apartment and found it open, and it was then that he was shot through the chest and arms. He went for the gun that he kept behind the sofa, and went to the kitchen door 30 feet (9.1 m) from the front entrance. He was again shot, this time through the leg, once he arrived at the kitchen door. He fired after he was last shot and said he did not know where the bullet went. His wife was seated in the living room and had been shot through the leg.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
Rodriguez returned to the living room where his son told him to drop the gun, and that the shooters were police. Rodriguez then went outside and was taken into custody. He claimed that he was not questioned at the scene or Parkland Hospital, where he was taken, and that he only knew Guzman through what he saw on the news. Throughout his interview with Medrano, he stated that he only wished to protect his family, and that he was afraid. Some neighbors corroborated Rodriguez's claim that there were no warnings before the shooting began.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
Following the shooting, Sheriff Clarence Jones claimed that the Rodriguez apartment raid was not a mistake, and that he had evidence proving that Rodriguez was a heroin supplier for Guzman and Lopez. On Wednesday, February 24, District Attorney Henry Wade stated that it would be impossible to charge Rodriguez as a narcotics pusher unless drugs were found at the apartment or he had sold drugs to an undercover agent. No drugs were found in the Rodriguez apartment, and Rodriguez had not sold drugs to an undercover agent.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
Jones, however, claimed that an informant notified the police that Guzman and Lopez were at the Rodriguez apartment and that the police announced themselves at the apartment in Spanish and English. Dallas Legal Services Project director Ed Polk acted as attorney for Thomas Rodriguez. Polk had demanded that the Sheriff file charges against Rodriguez or retract his claims of Rodriguez being the drug seller to Guzman. Sheriff Jones did not file formal charges against Rodriguez, and instead gave his evidence over to the grand jury.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
Rodriguez was given a $1,000 bond by Judge P. T. Scales. A grand jury was gathered in March to determine the Guzman and Lopez indictment, and to determine whether or not to indict Thomas Rodriguez on charges of assault to murder a police officer and the sale of heroin. A federal narcotics agent testified regarding the accusations.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
On February 26, Dallas deputy Tom Barker was heard by journalists as claiming that the entire neighborhood where Guzman and Lopez lived were aware of the murders beforehand. This comment, which was interpreted as indicting the largely Mexican-American community in West Dallas, was sharply criticized by community leaders such as Dallas City Councilwoman Anita Martinez. Al Lipscomb also worked to defend the family and community.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
Warren Burnett served Rodriguez as his defense attorney after he was indicted by the grand jury. In July, Burnett filed a motion for Rodriguez to receive a speedy trial. Rodriguez also filed a $10,000 damage suit against Sheriff Clarence Jones, Dallas Police Chief Frank Dyson, and the deputies who had shot him. In February 1972, Robert McKnight, one of the officers who had shot Rodriguez, gave a deposition for Rodriguez's suit. McKnight claimed that the police had announced themselves in English and Spanish, and that the first shots he heard came from within the apartment.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
He acknowledged that Rodriguez had been fleeing into the apartment when he was shot, and that the officers were tasked with ensuring that no one left the apartment. McKnight claimed that they had believed Guzman and Lopez alone were inside the apartment. Final hearings for the damage suit were held on March 9, 1972. Attorneys Burnett and William Baab focused much of their arguments on the police's failure to announce why they were raiding the apartment. The defense claimed that the injuries sustained by Rodriguez and his wife were his own fault for shooting at the officers. District Attorney Wade also argued that there was no provision in state laws for such a claim against a government body, only regarding motor accidents involving county employees. The charges were dropped in September due to technicalities.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Rodriguez family controversy and Mexican-American community relations
On November 2, 1972, Celso Cantu was awarded $6,500 in personal damages for being held illegally without charges and incommunicado in a 9-foot (2.7 m) by 4-foot (1.2 m) room in the Dallas County Jail. Cantu had been arrested while playing baseball in West Dallas as a suspect in the murders of the officers, and was held in solitary confinement for eight days. Dallas County Sheriff Jones admitted that Cantu was imprisoned due to an administrative oversight.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
A grand jury was gathered in March to determine if there was sufficient evidence to charge Guzman and Lopez with murder and determine if the officers acting in the raid on the Rodriguez apartment were acting within the line of duty. The witnesses who testified to indict Guzman and Lopez were Dallas County deputy sheriffs John R. Webb, Jim Valentine, and McCurley. Dallas police detectives Gus Rose and Captain R. O. Dixon and attorney Brian Hunsaker also testified before the grand jury.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
On March 30, Guzman's attorney filed a motion indicating that he would seek an acquittal in response to the district attorney's office stating in a legal document that they would be seeking the death penalty. He also filed a writ of habeas corpus. Guzman's attorney filed a motion for Guzman to be tried separately from Lopez on April 16, and the motion was denied by District Judge P. T. Scales.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
In April, Guzman, his brother Moises, and four others filed a suit against the estates of the murdered officers, Sheriff Clarence Jones, Dallas Police Chief Frank Dyson, Dover, and McCurley, claiming that they were arrested without provocation or legal cause and had been subjected to acts of terrorism.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
None of the attorneys on the case felt the need for a change of venue, but in May 1971, District Judge P. T. Scales determined that the case had received too much publicity in Dallas for a fair hearing. He moved the murder trial to Belton, Texas, and presided over the trial. Guzman was represented by attorneys Frank Holbrook and John J. Solon, and Lopez was represented by court-appointed attorneys Don Metcalfe and Florentino Ramirez. Before the trial began, Solon hired a psychiatrist who determined that Guzman showed traits of psychomotor epilepsy, an illness that had been used by Jack Ruby's defense team to argue that Ruby was not sane. During the jury selection procedures, Guzman and Lopez were held at the Bell County Jail.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
District Attorney Doug Mulder, assistant District Attorney, led the prosecution against Guzman and Lopez. He was joined by state prosecutor Jon Sparling and District Attorney Henry Wade. The team was later joined by Bell County District Attorney Stanley Kacir. The prosecutors decided to try Guzman and Lopez for the murder of Robertson first because Dover was present at Robertson's death and could serve as a witness. Both Dover and McCurley had picked Guzman and Lopez out of a lineup as the men who took the officers captive.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
The prosecution had difficulties finding Bell County residents who believed in capital punishment, and nearly half of the first round of interviewed potential jurors stated that they could not sentence anyone to death. The first 24 prospective jurors were turned down by both the defense and prosecution. The trial was sat by a jury of 11 men and 1 woman.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
The trial for the murder of Arthur Robertson began on Monday, June 28, 1971. Dover was the first to give a statement during the opening day of testimony. He described the events of the shooting emotionally, and stated that he had no doubt in his mind that Guzman and Lopez were the shooters, and would never forget them as long as he lived. McCurley also took the stand and described what he saw during the shooting. After the two-day trial, Henry Wade made the closing arguments for the trial.


1971 shooting of Dallas police officers, Trial and retrials
He stated that the crime Guzman and Lopez committed was "against the very fiber of our nation" and reflected what Wade described as an "open season" on police officers. These remarks drew strong objections from the defense. The jury deliberated for 30 minutes before convicting Guzman and Lopez of the murder of Arthur Robinson. They were sentenced to death by electric chair. The sentence was seen positively by several surviving friends and relatives. Guzman and Lopez were not tried for the murders of Infante or Reese.