1970 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary
Concerning just the Browns themselves, there was the situation involving Blanton Collier. Although no one except maybe the man himself knew it at the start of the season, this was going to be the last year for the venerable head coach. Plagued by hearing problems, the 64-year-old coach announced his retirement before the end of the 1970 season, which the Browns finished with a 7–7 record. Collier told owner Art Modell that he could no longer hear his players, and it was difficult to read their lips through new face masks that obscured their mouths.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary
Modell tried to help by getting Collier to try new hearing aids and even sent him for acupuncture treatment, but none of it worked. Collier struggled during press conferences because he often could not hear what reporters were asking and answered the wrong questions. In eight years as coach, Collier led Cleveland to a championship and a 76–34–2 record. Nick Skorich, who came to the Browns as offensive coordinator in 1964, was named as his replacement in 1971. Collier had been on the job since 1963 and guided the Browns to the NFL championship a year later.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Paul Warfield trade to Dolphins
Realizing quarterback Bill Nelsen's aching knees were on borrowed time, the Browns had made a blockbuster trade with the Miami Dolphins on the eve of the 1970 NFL Draft to get the rights to select the man they felt would be their passer of the future, Mike Phipps. But it came at a steep price, for they had to give up Pro Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Paul Warfield in the process.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Paul Warfield trade to Dolphins
That loss, coupled with Nelsen's physical condition and the unfamiliarity with the personnel on the former AFL clubs they were playing for the first time, took the starch out of what had been a good offense going all the way back to 1963. The result was the Browns scored 65 less points than they had the year before, and 108 less than two seasons before.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Paul Warfield trade to Dolphins
Along with that, the defense, though it gave up 35 fewer points than it had in 1969, just could not make up the difference, led to the Browns finishing 7–7, only the second non-winning mark in club history. In spite of that, the season started well for the Browns, as they opened 3–1 and then were 4–2.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, First Monday Night Football game
The Browns beat Joe Namath and the New York Jets 31–21 at Cleveland Municipal Stadium in the opener in the first Monday Night Football game in history, and, three games later, edged Cincinnati 30–27 in Bengals head coach Paul Brown's first official visit to Cleveland since being fired by the Browns eight years before.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Exhibition schedule
There was a doubleheader on September 5, 1970 Cardinals vs Chargers and Vikings vs Browns.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season schedule, Season summary, Week 4
In the first regular-season matchup between Paul Brown's old team and his new one, the Browns beat the Bengals. It's an important win for the Browns, who we're chastised for losing a preseason game to Cincinnati. Running backs Leroy Kelly and Bo Scott combined for 236 yards, and a fired up defense sets the early tone when defensive tackle Walter Johnson sacks Bengals quarterback Virgil Carter for a safety.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season schedule, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1970 Cleveland Indians season
The 1970 Cleveland Indians season was the 70th season for the franchise. The club finished in fifth place in the American League East with a record of 76 wins and 86 losses.


1970 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The 1970 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In its third season under head coach Neil Wheelwright, the team compiled a 5–6 record. John Lennon was the team captain.


1970 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The team played its home games at Andy Kerr Stadium in Hamilton, New York.


1970 Colgate Red Raiders football team, Leading players
Two trophies were awarded to the Red Raiders' most valuable players in 1970:


1970 College Baseball All-America Team
An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.


1970 College Baseball All-America Team
From 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.


1970 College Football All-America Team
The 1970 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1970. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognizes six selectors as "official" for the 1970 season. They are: (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Central Press Association (CP), (4) Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (6) the United Press International (UPI).


1970 College Football All-America Team
AP, UPI, NEA, and Central Press were all press organizations that polled writers and players. FWAA was also a poll of writers, as was the Walter Camp Foundation. The AFCA was a poll of college coaches. The Sporting News and Time polled football scouts and coaches. AP, UPI, NEA, Central Press, and The Sporting News chose both first and second teams. AP, UPI, NEA, and Central Press also listed numerous honorable mentions.


1970 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans
The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans for the year 1970 and displays which first-team designations they received.


1970 Colombia earthquake
The 1970 Colombia earthquake occurred in Colombia on July 31.


1970 Colombia earthquake, Details and aftermath
The shock killed one person and injured several others. Because it was a deep-focus earthquake, shaking occurred over an extensive area, including San Juan, Bogotá, Caracas, Buenos Aires, and São Paulo; it was felt as far north as Mexico City. Its depth forestalled more serious casualties, and there were no aftershocks.


1970 Colombia earthquake, Details and aftermath
The depth of the earthquake prompted scientists in South America to install seismometer networks focused on long-period earthquakes. Until the 1994 Bolivia earthquake, the 1970 Colombia earthquake was famous among seismologists as the largest deep earthquake.


1970 Colombia earthquake, Analysis
A study completed by Dziewonski and Gilbert (1974) determined that the earthquake had featured isotropic compression, or an increase in density near the rupture point similar to an implosion; this was released to great controversy. They also claimed that the compression had been initiated 80 seconds before the actual earthquake's short-period shaking. Many studies have reached differing conclusions including a dearth of isotropic movement, and many scientists feel that resolution created errors in Dziewonski and Gilbert's findings. In 1997, Russakoff, Ekstrom, and Tromp reassessed their findings utilizing more advanced equipment that factored in shear wave splitting and coupling (the measure of how tightly locked two sides of a fault or plate are) and confirmed that there was very little isotropic compression.


1970 Colombian general election
General elections were held in Colombia on 19 April 1970 to elect the President, the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives. It was the first time all three institutions had been elected on the same day, and was also the last election under the National Front agreement, which had restricted electoral participation to the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, with each party allocated 50% of the seats in both houses, whilst the Presidency alternated between the two parties.


1970 Colombian general election
As a result, the main contest in parliamentary elections was between factions within each party, whilst only Conservative candidates ran for the presidency. The result was a victory for Misael Pastrana Borrero, who received 40.7% of the vote. However, supporters of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla claimed that the election had been rigged in favour of Pastrana. Rojas had also been supported by the Christian Social Democratic Party. The 19th of April Movement guerrillas traced their origins to this alleged fraud.


1970 Colombian general election, Background
The 1970 elections were set to be the last of the National Front, the agreement signed by the leaders of the Conservative and Liberal parties in the aftermath of five years of military dictatorship. In the agreement, formalized by the passage of Legislative Act 1 on 15 September 1959, the two parties pledged to alternate the power of the presidency for the next three elections. From 1958, each alternating presidential election was uncontested by the other party; the previous elections had brought to power Liberal Carlos Lleras Restrepo, while 1970 was set to be the year of the Conservatives.


1970 Colombian general election, Background
Misael Pastrana Borrero, a former minister and Ambassador to the United States, launched his candidacy in Medellín in September 1969. A Conservative, he was eventually nominated as the National Front candidate at the national conventions of both the Conservative and Liberal parties. His platform was largely a continuation of his Liberal predecessor's moderate economic and social policies, and he campaigned with the slogan "I am not a man. I am a program." President Lleras actively campaigned on his behalf, violating the impartiality of the executive.


1970 Colombian general election, Background
Despite Pastrana's nomination by the National Front, dissident Conservatives emerged to challenge his candidacy. Belisario Betancur and Evaristo Sourdis Juliao enjoyed the support of their regional constituencies, Antioquia and the Caribbean region.


1970 Colombian general election, Background
The National Popular Alliance (ANAPO) was a political movement formed in 1961 by Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, a retired general who had ruled the country as military dictator from 1953 to 1957. ANAPO was a populist grouping of dissident liberals, conservatives, and leftists, united by their common rejection of the National Front coalition. Rojas previously ran as the ANAPO candidate in the 1962 elections against Guillermo León Valencia, but his candidacy was invalidated by the Supreme Court; this sentence had been overturned in 1967 and the ex-dictator again sought to return to the presidency by democratic means.


1970 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1970 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The Buffaloes were led by eighth-year head coach Eddie Crowder and home games were played on campus in Boulder at Folsom Field.


1970 Colorado Buffaloes football team
In a nationally televised game on ABC, #18 Colorado upset fourth-ranked Penn State 41–13 in Boulder in late September, breaking a 23-game winning (and 31-game undefeated) streak. The Buffaloes moved up to eighth in the AP poll, but were upset the next week by a point at Kansas State, led by quarterback Lynn Dickey.


1970 Colorado State Rams football team
The 1970 Colorado State Rams football team was an American football team that represented Colorado State University in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Jerry Wampfler, the team compiled a 4–7 record (1–3 against WAC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 256 to 206.


1970 Colorado State Rams football team
Colorado State's junior running back, Lawrence McCutcheon, rushed for 1,008 yards and caught 34 passes for 486 yards. Other statistical leaders on the 1970 Colorado State team include quarterback Wayne Smith with 1,861 passing yards and Tim Labus with 573 receiving yards.


1970 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 1970 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Republican John Arthur Love defeated Democratic nominee Mark Anthony Hogan with 52.46% of the vote. This would be the last time until 1998 that Colorado elected a Republican as Governor and also the last time Denver County, Boulder County, and San Miguel County voted for the Republican candidate.


1970 Columbia Lions football team
The 1970 Columbia Lions football team represented Columbia University in the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. They were led by third-year head coach Frank Navarro and played their home games at Baker Field . They were a member of the Ivy League. They finished the season 3–6 overall 1–6 in Ivy League play to tie for sixth place.


1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games
The Third Commonwealth Paraplegic Games was a multi-sport event that was held in Edinburgh, Scotland from 26 July to 1 August 1970. Dubbed the "little games", they followed the 1970 British Commonwealth Games which were held in Edinburgh from 16 to 25 July of that year.


1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, Background and administration
The chairman of the Organising Committee was Lieutenant-Colonel John Fraser. It was also known as the "little games" and the "Wheelchair Games".


1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, Ceremonies
The Games were opened by the British Prime Minister Edward Heath. The opening ceremony was at Meadowbank stadium and was attended by a crowd of 2,000 people. The teams were led in by the hosts of the previous games, Jamaica. On behalf of all the competitors, James Laird, the Scottish team captain, took an oath. A message of support from the Provosts of 28 towns and cities across Scotland was read out, having been relayed from John o' Groats by runners from the Scottish Youth Clubs Association.


1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, Ceremonies
The games were closed by James MacKay, Lord Provost of the Edinburgh Corporation.


1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, Participating teams
197 athletes from fourteen Commonwealth countries took part. Countries at this games that had not previously participated were Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Malta and Uganda.


1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, Logistics
An athletes' village was located at Turnhouse, with accommodation provided free of charge to the athletes by the Ministry of Defence. The Edinburgh Corporation had supplied fourteen adapted buses, which volunteer drivers used to transport the athletes between venues during the games. Athletics events were held at Meadowbank stadium. Shooting events were held at Redcraigs shooting range in West Lothian. There was some criticism of the lack of day-to-day television coverage from the BBC and ITV broadcasters.


1970 Comoros by-election
A by-election to the French National Assembly was held in the Comoros on 12 July 1970, following the resignation of Saïd Ibrahim Ben Ali after he became Comorian Prime Minister. The result was a victory for Mohamed Dahalani of the List for the Fifth Republic.


1970 Connecticut Huskies football team
The 1970 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies were led by fifth-year head coach John Toner, and completed the season with a record of 4–4–1.


1970 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1970 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970.


1970 Connecticut gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor John N. Dempsey decided not to run for re-election. Republican nominee Thomas Meskill defeated Democratic nominee Emilio Q. Daddario with 53.76% of the vote.


1970 Connecticut gubernatorial election, Nominations
Between 1956 and 1990 in Connecticut, party conventions nominated candidates subject to a system of "challenge" primaries that allowed defeated candidates to petition for a popular vote if they received at least 20 percent of the convention vote.


1970 Connecticut gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination, Results
Daddario was unopposed for the nomination at the state convention.


1970 Connecticut gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination, Results
The Republican state convention was held on June 20, 1970 at Hartford.


1970 Connecticut gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination, Results
The Republican primary election was held on August 12, 1970.


1970 Copa Argentina
The 1970 Copa Argentina was played between March 1970 and March 1971. The tournament was played as a knockout competition, with the participation of 32 teams; 18 of the Primera División, 1 of the Primera B, 13 of the Regional leagues.


1970 Copa Argentina, Final
The Second leg was never played so the tournament was unfinished.


1970 Copa Argentina Final
The 1970 Copa Argentina Finals were the final two-legged tie that decided the champion of the 1970 Copa Argentina. The finals were contested in two-legged home-and-away format between San Lorenzo and Vélez Sársfield. The first leg was played in Atlanta Stadium of Villa Crespo, finishing in a 2-2 tie.


1970 Copa Argentina Final
The second leg was never played so the tournament was unfinished and neither San Lorenzo nor Velez Sarsfield were declared champion. The champion was supposed to qualify to Copa Ganadores de Copa but this never happened


1970 Copa Argentina Final, Match details, Second leg
As the second leg was never played, no team was awarded the title.


1970 Copa Ganadores de Copa
The 1970 Copa Ganadores de Copa was the first and only edition of CONMEBOL's club tournament. Teams that failed to qualify for the Copa Libertadores played in this tournament. Eight teams from eight South American football confederations played in this tournament. Colombia and Brazil sent no representatives. Mariscal Santa Cruz defeated El Nacional in the finals.


1970 Copa Libertadores
The 1970 Copa Libertadores de América was the 11th edition of CONMEBOL's top Association football club tournament. Estudiantes successfully defended their title for the second straight year by defeating Peñarol in the finals. Teams from Brazil did not participate in this year's tournament due to CBF still disagreeing with the format.


1970 Copa Libertadores, First phase
Defending champions Estudiantes (LP) received a bye until the third phase.


1970 Copa Libertadores, Second phase
From this phase onwards, the team that advances from groups that have two teams (including the winner of the finals) will be decided by points (two for a win, one for a draw). If after two games, no one team has the most points, a single-game playoff will be played on neutral grounds to determine who advances (or wins as is the case for the finals). If the playoff game ends in a draw, goal difference will be used a tie-breaker.


1970 Copa Libertadores Finals
The 1970 Copa Libertadores Finals were the two-legged final that decided the winner of the 1970 Copa Libertadores, the 11th edition of the Copa Libertadores de América, South America's premier international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL.


1970 Copa Libertadores Finals
The finals were contested in two-legged home-and-away format between Argentine team Estudiantes de La Plataand Uruguayan team Peñarol. The first leg was hosted by Estudiantes in Estudiantes Stadium in La Plata on May 21, 1970, while the second leg was held in Estadio Centenario of Montevideo on May 27, 1970.


1970 Copa Libertadores Finals
Estudiantes won the series 1-0 on aggregate, winning their 3rd. consecutive Copa Libertadores title.


1970 Copa Perú
The 1970 Copa Perú season (Spanish: Copa Perú 1970), the promotion tournament of Peruvian football.


1970 Copa Perú
In this tournament after many qualification rounds, each one of the 24 departments in which Peru is politically divided, qualify a team. Those teams plus de team relegated from First Division on the last year, enter in two more rounds and finally 6 of them qualify for the Final round, staged in Lima (the capital).


1970 Copa Perú
The champion, Torino was promoted to play in 1970 First Division.


1970 Copa Perú, Finalists teams
The following list shows the teams that qualified for the Final Stage.


1970 Copa Presidente de la República
The Copa Presidente de la República was played during the 1970 FIFA World Cup. The 16 clubs were divided into 4 groups and the top two teams advanced to the quarterfinals. The champions were Universitario.


1970 Copa del Generalísimo Final
The Copa del Generalísimo 1970 Final was the 68th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Camp Nou in Barcelona, on 28 June 1970, being won by Real Madrid, who beat Valencia 3–1.


1970 Coppa Italia Final
The 1970 Coppa Italia Final was a final group of the 1969–70 Coppa Italia. From 1968 to 1971, FIGC introduced a final group instead of semi-finals and finals. In the final group, four teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The matches were played from 7 May – 10 June 1970. The group winner was Bologna.


1970 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1970 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.


1970 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
On 4 October 1970, Cloyne won the championship following a 2–18 to 4–06 defeat of Castletownroche in the final at Castlelyons Sportsfield. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1966.


1970 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1970 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 82nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 25 January 1970. The championship began on 12 April 1970 and ended on 18 October 1970.


1970 Cork Senior Football Championship
University College Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St. Nicholas' in a first round replay.


1970 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 18 October 1970, Muskerry won the championship following a 3-10 to 4-06 defeat of Nemo Rangers in the final. This remains their only championship title.


1970 Cork Senior Football Championship
Muskerry's Noel Dunne was the championship's top scorer with 1-25.


1970 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1970 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 82nd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 19 April 1970 and ended on 22 November 1970.


1970 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
Glen Rovers entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by University College Cork at the quarter-final stage.


1970 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 22 November 1970, University College Cork won the championship following a 2-12 to 0-15 defeat of Muskerry in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title in seven years.


1970 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
Muskerry's Tomás Ryan was the championship's top scorer with 0-38.


1970 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1970 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. Cornell finished fourth in the Ivy League.


1970 Cornell Big Red football team
In its fifth season under head coach Jack Musick, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents 193 to 185. Dennis Lubozynski was the team captain.


1970 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell's 4–3 conference record placed fourth in the Ivy League standings. The Big Red was outscored 164 to 135 by Ivy opponents.


1970 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.


1970 Costa Rican general election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 February 1970. Former President José Figueres Ferrer of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 83.3%.


1970 Costa Rican general election
On 25 June 1969, the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica reformed the Constitution to prohibit presidential reelection, but as any legal reform was retroactive, all previous presidents could be candidates one more time. Two former presidents José Figueres Ferrer and Mario Echandi Jiménez were the two main candidates in the election.


1970 Costa Rican general election
Echandi was nominated by then ruling party National Unification (PUN), a right-wing conservative party made out of the merger of the Republicans (Calderonistas) and the National Union (Ulatistas). However, the union was starting to break and Ulate unsuccessfully presented a separate list of Unification candidates for Congress. In the main opposition force and by then dominant-party PLN, the nominee had been the historical leader and twice president before José Figueres.


1970 Costa Rican general election
Figueres was selected after a primary election (or National Convention as they're known in Costa Rica) in which he defeated then Congressman and former Secretary General of the party, Rodrigo Carazo. The convention was particularly harsh and after the results, Figueres did not include any of Carazo supporters in power positions (as was a traditional courtesy), something that future president Carazo resented and which caused him to eventually leave the party.


1970 Costa Rican general election
National Unification's forces, however, weren't in better conditions. Ulate did not endorse Echandi and left the coalition. Others that left were Virgilio Calvo and Mariano Zúñiga from the Calderonist faction that made their own new party, the National Front (aka “Third Front”). Ulate promised them the support of this party, but PUN's General Assembly did not follow his lead and endorsed Echandi's candidacy. The group had minimal impact in the election.


1970 Costa Rican general election
Other minor parties were the Christian Democratic Party, led by physician Jorge Arturo Monge Zamora, and the Socialist Action Party led by former PLN member Marcial Aguiluz Orellana and historical Communist leader Manuel Mora. Communism was still illegal at the time, but the prohibition was flexible on non-explicitly Marxist parties, and several leaders were already questioning the antidemocratic nature of the measure and calling for it to be lifted, including Figueres himself.


1970 Costa Rican general election
Figueres won by a very broad margin over Echandi, 54% over 41%, and his party, the PLN, won a majority in Parliament. Socialists and Christian Democrats also achieved representation.


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1970 Cotton Bowl Classic was a postseason college football bowl game in the 1969 season, held at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Thursday, January 1, 1970. The game matched the top-ranked Texas Longhorns (10–0) and the #9 Notre Dame Fighting Irish (8–1–1).


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background
Texas was looking to win its second unanimous national championship in seven seasons, previously won in 1963. The Longhorns, who had already won the national championship of the UPI coaches poll prior to the Cotton Bowl, finished with a perfect season and a second straight Southwest Conference championship. The Associated Press would conduct a final poll following the bowl games.


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background
This was independent Notre Dame's first postseason appearance since the 1925 Rose Bowl, 45 years earlier.


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background
By a vote of its players in mid-November, second-ranked Penn State (10–0) opted to return to the Orange Bowl, and faced #6 Missouri (9–1). Penn State had several black players and wished to avoid Dallas due to segregation issues. At the time, the top-ranked team was defending champion Ohio State, who lost the next week at Michigan.


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
On a cool, clear day in Dallas, the two teams were even in first downs and were different in total yards by only 28. Both had over 70 offensive plays, the Irish had their passing attack and the Longhorns with their running attack. Notre Dame scored the first ten points; a Scott Hempel made a short field goal in the first quarter and Joe Theismann threw a 54-yard touchdown pass to Tom Gatewood early in the second.


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
After the Irish kickoff, Texas went on a 74-yard drive that culminated with a one-yard Jim Bertelsen touchdown run that made the score 10–7 at halftime. After a scoreless third, the fourth quarter saw three touchdowns, each changing the lead. Longhorn Ted Koy culminated a 77-yard drive with his touchdown run with ten minutes remaining to give Texas a 14–10 advantage.


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Theismann then led the Irish on an 80-yard drive and threw a 24-yard pass to Jim Yoder for a 17–14 lead with 6:52 left. The Longhorns then went on a 76-yard drive that included a fourth down pass from James Street to Cotton Speyrer that went eight yards down to the two. On third down from the one, Billy Dale's touchdown plunge came with 68 seconds remaining, too little time for the Irish as Texas secured its second consensus national championship in school history.


1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Despite the loss, Notre Dame climbed four spots in the final AP poll, ending at fifth.


1970 County Championship
The 1970 County Championship was the 71st officially organised running of the County Championship. Kent won the Championship title.


1970 Coupe de France Final
The 1970 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 31, 1970, that saw AS Saint-Étienne defeat FC Nantes 5–0 thanks to goals by Patrick Parizon, Georges Bereta, Robert Herbin and Hervé Revelli.


1970 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
The 1970 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, also known as the 1970 Criterium of the Six Provinces, was the 22nd edition of the cycle race and was held from 19 May to 25 May 1970. The race started in Terrenoire and finished in Avignon. The race was won by Luis Ocaña of the Bic team.


1970 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Teams
Ten teams, containing a total of 99 riders, participated in the race:


1970 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season
The 1970 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks season was the 4th in the club's history. They competed in the NSWRFL's 1970 premiership.


1970 Crossmaglen bombing
On 11 August 1970, two Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officers were killed by a booby-trap bomb planted under a car by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) near Crossmaglen, in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. They were the first RUC officers to be killed by republicans during the Troubles and the first security forces to be killed in South Armagh, an IRA stronghold for much of the conflict.


1970 Crossmaglen bombing, Background
The conflict known as Troubles had started a year earlier in August 1969 with the Battle of the Bogside followed by the August 1969 riots. The first RUC officer to be killed in the conflict was Victor Arbuckle (29). He was shot dead by members of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) on 12 October 1969, during street violence in the Shankill area of Belfast. The loyalists "had taken to the streets in protest at the Hunt Report, which recommended the disbandment of the B Specials and disarming of the RUC".


1970 Crossmaglen bombing, The bombing
On the evening of 11 August, two RUC officers based in Crossmaglen—Samuel Donaldson (23) and Robert Millar (26)—went to investigate a red Ford Cortina abandoned on the Lissaraw Road near the village. Unknown to the officers, the car contained a booby-trap bomb, made up of 20 lb (9.1 kg) of gelignite. It exploded when one of the officers attempted to open one of the car doors, badly wounding them and blowing them over a hedge. The blast was heard from Crossmaglen RUC station. The officers died of their wounds the next day.


1970 Crossmaglen bombing, The bombing
They were the first members of the security forces to be killed by republicans during the conflict. The car had been stolen outside the Ardmore Hotel in Newry on 7 August. The action was planned and executed by an active service unit made up of IRA members from Navan, County Meath and Inniskeen, County Monaghan, both in the Republic of Ireland. The group was led by high-profile republican Seán Mac Stíofáin.


1970 Crossmaglen bombing, Aftermath
The next killing of a member of the British security forces was in February 1971, when the IRA shot dead Gunner Robert Curtis in Belfast. Curtis was the first British soldier to be killed in the Troubles.


1970 Crossmaglen bombing, Aftermath
Crossmaglen would become an Irish republican stronghold and the Provisional IRA carried out many attacks on the British security forces there during the course of the conflict.


1970 Cup of the Alps
1970 Coppa delle Alpi shows the results of the 1970 tournament that was held in Switzerland in the preseason 1970/71. The Coppa delle Alpi (translated as Cup of the Alps) was a football tournament, jointly organized by the Italian Football Federation and the Swiss Football Association as a pre-season event.


1970 Cup of the Alps
All of the games in the 1970 competition were played in Switzerland. There were four participants from Italy, these being Bari, Fiorentina, Lazio and Sampdoria, and there were four from Switzerland: Zürich, Lugano, Young Boys and FC Basel. Each Italian team played against each of the Swiss teams. The Italians and the Swiss each formed their own league table. The winners of each group then matched in the final.


1970 Cupa României Final
The 1970 Cupa României Final was the 32nd final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Steaua București and Dinamo București, and was won by Steaua București after a game with 3 goals. It was the 10th cup for Steaua București.


1970 Currie Cup
The 1970 Currie Cup was the 32nd edition of the Currie Cup, the premier annual domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.


1970 Currie Cup
The tournament was won by  Griqualand West for the third time; they beat  Northern Transvaal 11–9 in the final in Kimberley. Winger Buddy Swartz scored two tries for Griqualand West in the final, becoming the first player in Currie Cup final history to score more than one try, while flanker Peet Smit kicked a penalty from inside his own half.


1970 Cypriot legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Cyprus on 5 July 1970. The result was a victory for Eniaion, which won 15 of the 35 seats despite AKEL receiving a far larger share of the vote.


1970 DFB-Pokal Final
The 1970 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1969–70 DFB-Pokal, the 27th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 29 August 1970 at the Niedersachsenstadion in Hanover. Kickers Offenbach won the match 2–1 against 1. FC Köln, to claim their 1st cup title.


1970 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
The DFB-Pokal began with 32 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of four rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.


1970 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).


1970 Dahomeyan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Dahomey from 9 March to 28 March 1970. Voting took place "in one province at a time" in Dahomey's six departments. However, on 28 March, the ruling military council suspended further voting because of violence between supporters of the three main candidates. At the time the voting was halted, Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin of Dahomey's had received a plurality of the vote, but disagreements between factions in other parts of the country led to the results being annulled.


1970 Dahomeyan presidential election
The compromise announced by the military junta on 1 May was to appoint the three leading candidates – former Presidents Sourou-Migan Apithy and Hubert Maga, and former Prime Minister Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin – to a three-man Presidential Council to rule the country, rotating the presidency every two years, effectively declaring all three men as the election winners. Maga served the first two-year term, before handing over to Ahomadégbé in 1972, who was then removed from office by a coup led by Mathieu Kérékou later in the year. Voter turnout in the election was 56.7%.


1970 Dahomeyan presidential election, Background
On 10 December 1969 President Émile Derlin Zinsou was overthrown by Maurice Kouandété, who had installed him as president in 1968. However, the military refused to recognise Kouandété. As the two men could not reach agreement, a Military Directorate was established with Paul-Émile de Souza as its chairman. Elections were organised to determine the true president.


1970 Dahomeyan presidential election, Campaign
The three candidates were allowed to campaign, and they did not miss the chance. Intimidation and bribery were commonplace, and the electoral campaign saw the return of regional loyalties. It was also marked by a series of violent outbursts; invalidated reports state that six people were killed or wounded at incidents in Parakou on the eve of the elections. Fellow candidate Zinsou asserted that Maga supporters had killed one of his supporters during said incidents.


1970 Dahomeyan presidential election, Results
The accusations made against him did not affect Maga's standing in the polls; he received a majority of the vote in the north, and Apithy and Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin received a majority in the southeast and southwest/central, respectively. The election results showed a victory for Maga with 252,551 votes, 200,091 for Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin, and 186,332 for Apithy. In the entire south, Maga received 24,000 votes compared to the 180,000 who voted for him in the Borgou Department, obtaining 97.3 percent of the 78 percent turnout. Zinsou, running to counter the constant tribal clashes, received 3 percent, with 17,551 votes.


1970 Dahomeyan presidential election, Aftermath
Following the election, de Souza decided to nullify the results from Atakora, the region where Maga received the most votes, on 3 April. Outraged, Maga formed the Assembly of the Peoples of the North, which threatened to secede unless he was declared President. He refused to leave his campaign headquarters at Parakou even to attend political meetings. Maga's reaction to the nullification prompted many southern workers to flee the north. Apithy stated that he would convince his region to join Nigeria if Maga took the presidency and took steps to bribe his way into that office.


1970 Dahomeyan presidential election, Aftermath
Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin claimed Maga had defrauded the electoral system to his advantage. In contrast with the other three former presidents, Zinsou admitted that he had been defeated and decided participate in bargaining, explaining that he rejected the idea of a coalition "for personal reasons". The other former Presidents, on the other hand, agreed to a hasty compromise on 13 April to prevent a civil war.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season
The 1970 Dallas Cowboys season was the team's 11th in the National Football League.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season
The Cowboys scored 299 points and allowed 221 points. For the fifth consecutive season, the Cowboys finished first in their division. In 1970, the club made its debut on Monday Night Football. The Cowboys lost to the St. Louis Cardinals 38–0. The Cowboys made it to their first Super Bowl and lost to the Baltimore Colts.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
The Cowboys had to overcome many obstacles during the regular season. Fullback Calvin Hill, the team's second leading rusher with 577 yards and 4 touchdowns, was lost for the year after suffering a leg injury late in the regular season. And wide receiver Bob Hayes was benched by head coach Tom Landry for poor performances on several occasions.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
Most significantly, the Cowboys had a quarterback controversy between Craig Morton and Roger Staubach. Morton and Staubach alternated as the starting quarterback during the regular season, but Landry eventually chose Morton to start Super Bowl V because he felt less confident that Staubach would follow his game plan (Landry called all of Morton's plays in Super Bowl V). Also, Morton had done extremely well in the regular season, throwing for 1,819 yards and 15 touchdowns, with seven interceptions, earning him a passer rating of 89.8. In contrast, Staubach, although a noted scrambler and able to salvage broken plays effectively, threw for 542 yards, and only two touchdowns with eight interceptions, giving him a 42.9 rating.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
Hayes was the main deep threat on the team, catching 34 passes for 889 yards (a 26.1 yards per catch average) and 10 touchdowns, while also rushing 4 times for 34 yards and another touchdown, and adding another 116 yards returning punts. On the other side of the field, wide receiver Lance Rentzel recorded 28 receptions for 556 yards and 5 touchdowns.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
However, the main strength on the Cowboys offense was their running game. Rookie running back Duane Thomas rushed 151 times for 803 yards (a 5.1 yards per carry average) and 5 touchdowns, while adding another 416 yards returning kickoffs. Fullback Walt Garrison, who replaced the injured Hill, provided Thomas with excellent blocking and rushed for 507 yards and 3 touchdowns himself. Garrison was also a good receiver out of the backfield, catching 21 passes for 205 yards and 2 touchdowns. Up front, Pro Bowl guard John Niland and future Hall of Famer tackle Rayfield Wright anchored the offensive line.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
The Cowboys had their lowest regular season (6–2 vs. Cleveland Browns) and playoff (5–0 vs. Detroit Lions) scoring games in franchise history. The playoff victory over Detroit on December 26 remains the lowest scoring postseason game in NFL history. Through the 2018 season, they are the only games to finish with those scores.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season
For the first time, the Cowboys defeated the Green Bay Packers; this year's game was on Thanksgiving on the new artificial turf of the Cotton Bowl. Green Bay had won the first six contests, four in the regular season (1960, 1964, 1965, 1968) and two in NFL championship games (1966, 1967). The Packers won the next meeting in Green Bay in 1972.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Postseason, NFC Divisional Playoff
The Cowboys shut down the Lions offense and took advantage of a first-quarter field goal to outlast the Lions in the lowest-scoring playoff game in NFL history.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Postseason, Super Bowl V
Chuck Howley became the first defensive player, and only member of a losing team to be the Super Bowl's Most Valuable Player.


1970 Dallas Cowboys season, Publications
The Football Encyclopedia ISBN 0-312-11435-4Total Football ISBN 0-06-270170- 3Cowboys Have Always Been My Heroes ISBN 0-446-51950-2


1970 Danish 1st Division, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and Boldklubben 1903 won the championship.


1970 Danish Municipal Reform
The 1970 Danish Municipal Reform was an extensive administrative reform in Denmark which on 1 April 1970 reduced the number of Danish municipalities from 1,098 to 277 and the number of counties from 25 to 14. The reform also abolished the last legal privileges of the market towns (sing. Danish: købstad).


1970 Danish Municipal Reform
The 1970 reform was followed by another municipal reform in 2007, namely the Structure Reform. This reform would further reduce the number of municipalities in Denmark, and replace the counties with regions.


1970 Danish Municipal Reform, History
In 1841, a law provided for the establishment of 1,021 parish municipalities (sing. Danish: sognekommune) for the first time, and their numbers increased over the years, as did the number of købstadskommuner (sing. Danish: købstadskommune). The parish municipalities belonged to 24 counties while the market towns were under direct control of the Ministry of the Interior. Originally the municipalities held only small areas of responsibility. During the 20th century, they were granted responsibility for the hospital service for the non-urban population.


1970 Danish Municipal Reform, History
In 1958, interior minister Søren Olesen (da) began what would eventually lead to the 1970 Municipal Reform. The number of municipalities peaked in 1965 at 1,345: there were 1,257 parish and 88 market town municipalities, with Copenhagen and Frederiksberg included in the latter total. At the time of the reform the number of municipalities had already been reduced to 1,098.


1970 Danish Municipal Reform, Scope
Throughout the 16 years of gradually cutting the number of municipalities, they were reduced from well over 1,000 to 275. The number of counties was reduced from 25 to 14. The concept of market towns was abandoned, with Copenhagen and Frederiksberg being the only municipalities not part of a county after the reform.


1970 Danish Municipal Reform, Scope, 1974 adjustment
The last bits of the reform were not fully implemented until 1 April 1974 when the number of municipalities was further reduced to 275.


1970 Danish local elections
The Danish regional elections of 1970 were held on 3 March 1970. 4677 municipal council members were elected to the 1970 - 1974 term of office in the 277 municipalities, as well as 366 members of the 14 counties of Denmark. The term of office was 1 April 1970 - 31 March 1974. In Copenhagen County Sengeløse was created a municipality from 1 April 1970, but existed only until 31 March 1974. It was abolished 1 April 1974, becoming part of Høje-Taastrup Municipality. Store Magleby parish municipality merged with Dragør parish municipality to become Dragør Municipality from 1 April 1974. From 1 April 1974 there were 275 municipalities in Denmark.


1970 Dartmouth Indians baseball team
The 1970 Dartmouth Indians baseball team represented Dartmouth College in the 1970 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Indians played their home games at Red Rolfe Field. The team was coached by Tony Lupien serving his 14th year at Dartmouth.


1970 Dartmouth Indians baseball team
The Indians won the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League championship and advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the USC Trojans.


1970 Dartmouth Indians football team
The 1970 Dartmouth Indians football team represented Dartmouth College during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The Indians were led by 16th-year head coach Bob Blackman and played their home games at Memorial Field in Hanover, New Hampshire. They finished with a perfect record of 9–0, winning the Ivy League title and the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy, which signified them as champions of the East. Dartmouth finished ranked 14th in both major polls, their first ranked finish since 1943.


1970 Davis Cup
The 1970 Davis Cup was the 59th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 31 teams entered the Europe Zone, 11 teams entered the Americas Zone, and 11 teams entered the Eastern Zone. Hong Kong made its first appearance in the tournament.


1970 Davis Cup
Brazil defeated Canada in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, India defeated Australia in the Eastern Inter-Zonal final, and Spain and West Germany were the winners of the two Europe Zones, defeating Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union respectively.


1970 Davis Cup
In the Inter-Zonal Zone, West Germany defeated India and Spain defeated Brazil in the semifinals, and then West Germany defeated Spain in the final. West Germany were then defeated by the defending champions United States in the Challenge Round. The final was played at the Harold Clark Courts in Cleveland, Ohio, United States on 29–31 August.


1970 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1970 Davis Cup.


1970 Davis Cup Americas Zone
11 teams entered the Americas Zone: 4 teams competed in the North & Central America Zone, while 7 teams competed in the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Zone to compete against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.


1970 Davis Cup Americas Zone
Canada defeated New Zealand in the North & Central America Zone final, and Brazil defeated Colombia in the South America Zone final. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, Brazil defeated Canada and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1970 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1970 Davis Cup.


1970 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
11 teams entered the Eastern Zone, competing across 2 sub-zones. The winner of each sub-zones would play against each other to determine who would compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Europe Zone.


1970 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
Australia defeated Japan in the Zone A final, and India defeated Ceylon in the Zone B final. In the Inter-Zonal final India defeated Australia and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1970 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1970 Davis Cup.


1970 Davis Cup Europe Zone
31 teams entered the Europe Zone, competing across 2 sub-zones. The winners of each sub-zone went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Eastern Zone.


1970 Davis Cup Europe Zone
Spain defeated Yugoslavia in the Zone A final, and West Germany defeated the Soviet Union in the Zone B final, resulting in both Spain and West Germany progressing to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1970 Davis Cup Europe Zone
South Africa were ejected from the tournament on 23 March due to protests over the South African government's apartheid policies.


1970 Daytona 500
The 1970 Daytona 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series race held on February 22, 1970, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.


1970 Daytona 500
First Daytona 500 starts for Joe Frasson, Dick Trickle, Tommy Gale, Ron Keselowski, and Jim Vandiver. Only Daytona 500 start for Butch Hirst, Paul Feldner, Ron Grana, and Leonard Blanchard. Last Daytona 500 starts for Richard Brickhouse, Roy Mayne, and Dr. Don Tarr.


1970 Daytona 500, Summary
NASCAR's modern era would commence with this race. Winged, aerodynamic cars built specifically for high-speed superspeedway racing such as the Plymouth Superbird and Ford Torino Talladega made their debut. Pete Hamilton, hired by Petty Enterprises shortly before the season, won the race in the #40 Plymouth Superbird just three car lengths over David Pearson, after passing him with nine laps to go. It was the first win for the new Plymouth Superbird.


1970 Daytona 500, Summary
This race would last 200 minutes, with an audience of 103,800 people watching. A grand total of 24 lead changes were made with an average green flag run of 22 laps. 23% of the race was held under a yellow flag; blown engines were the primary culprit behind the caution periods.


1970 Daytona 500, Summary
On lap 7, Cecil Gordon and Richard Petty blew their engines. Jim Vandiver blew his engine on lap 15 while Cale Yarborough would do the same thing on lap 32. A.J. Foyt would also blow his engine on lap 58 while Buddy Arrington wrecked his vehicle on lap 77 by crashing it into a wall. The final caution the race came when Dick Brooks blew his engine on lap 181.


1970 Daytona 500, Summary
Buddy Arrington had a brand new #5 Dodge Daytona for the 1970 season but totaled it out here with a hard crash at full speed into the outside wall. He hit the wall so hard the big wing on the Charger actually broke with its top cross bar ripping off the car then flying 60 feet down the track spinning in the air.


1970 Daytona 500, Summary
Following the wreck NASCAR mandated that all of the wing cars would have to have a steel cable to anchor the wing to the frame to avoid a repeat of this incident. John Sears actually drove under the flying piece of Arrington's wing as it soared over the track. He was apparently quite scared it was going to hit him. Arrington later said this was the worst wreck of his entire NASCAR career; as it left him with several broken ribs and a ruptured spleen. The Daytona 500 was not a race that Buddy Arrington would finish in good form; finishing in 29th place after qualifying in 32nd place. Arrington eventually got back on the track a few months later at the 1970 Rebel 400.


1970 Daytona 500, Summary
David Pearson tried to slingshot Pete Hamilton in the last turn, but got very loose and finished second.


1970 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1970 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season.


1970 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
In its fifth season under head coach Tubby Raymond, the team compiled a 9–2 record, won the Lambert Cup Eastern small college championship, defeated Morgan State in the Boardwalk Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 403 to 207. Roy Holcomb was the team captain.


1970 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
Following the decision by the Middle Atlantic Conference to end football competition in its University Division, the Blue Hens competed as a football independent in 1970, though five of the former league rivals (Bucknell, Delaware, Gettysburg, Lafayette and Lehigh) continued to play an informal round-robin called the "Middle Five".


1970 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.