1969 Scotland rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details
Argentina B: J. Seaton; N. Pérez, C. Blanco, J. Benzi, J. Otaola; C. Martínez, L. Gradin (cap. ); H. Silveyra, M. Chesta, G. Anderson; R. Suárez, L. Varela; R. Casabal, C. Massabó, A. Abella. Scotland XV: C. Blaikie; W. Steele, B. Laidlaw, C. Rea, A. Gill; W. Mac Donald, D. Paterson; R. Arneil (cap. ), A. Carmichael, W. Lauder, A. Mc Harg, P. Stagg; J. Mc Lauchlan, F. Laidlaw, N. Suddon


1969 Scotland rugby union tour of Argentina, Match details
Argentina: 15.Dudley Morgan, 14.Marcelo Pascual, 13.Alejandro Travaglini, 12.Juan Benzi, 11.Mario Walther, 10.Tomas Harris-Smith, 9.Adolfo Etchegaray, 8.Raul Loyola, 7.Hector Silva, 6.Hugo Miguens, 5.Adrian Barone, 4.Aitor Otano, 3.Luis Garcia Yanez, 2.Ricardo Handley, 1.Marcelo FarinaScotland XV: 15.Colin Blaikie, 14.Mike Smith, 13.B. Laidlaw, 12.Chris Rea, 11.Billy Steele, 10.Ian Robertson, 9.Duncan Paterson, 8.Jim Telfer, 7.Wilson Lauder, 6.Rodger Arneil, 5.Alastair McHarg, 4.Peter Stagg, 3.Sandy Carmichael, 2.Frank Laidlaw, 1.Ian McLauchlan,


1969 Scottish League Cup Final (April)
The 1968–69 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 5 April 1969 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 23rd Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Hibernian and Celtic. Celtic won a one-sided match by 6–2, with Bobby Lennox scoring a hat-trick. Bertie Auld, Jim Craig and Willie Wallace scored Celtic's other goals, while Jimmy O'Rourke and Eric Stevenson scored for Hibs.


1969 Scottish League Cup Final (April)
The Final was originally scheduled for 28 October 1968, but was postponed until April because a fire destroyed part of the south stand at Hampden Park.


1969 Scottish League Cup Final (October)
The 1969–70 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 25 October 1969 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 24th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by St Johnstone, who were contesting their first major national cup final, and cup holders Celtic. Celtic retained the cup for another year by winning the match 1–0, with Bertie Auld scoring the only goal.


1969 Scottish National Party leadership election
There was a Scottish National Party leadership election in 1969. The election saw the incumbent Arthur Donaldson defeated by William Wolfe.


1969 Scottish National Party leadership election
By 1969, Arthur Donaldson had been party leader for nine years, and was in his late 60s. Despite his success in growing the party, Donaldson was not without his critics, and at the 1967 SNP Annual Conference he had faced a leadership challenge from Douglas Drysdale, which he comfortably defeated.


1969 Scottish National Party leadership election
In January 1969, Arthur Donaldson announced his intention to stand down from the SNP leadership. Many party members felt the SNP needed someone younger than Donaldson (then 68 years old) to lead the party. However, following a number of requests from SNP branches and members that he reconsider his decision to resign so close to a forthcoming general election, he decided to put himself forward for re-nomination as leader at the 1969 SNP Annual National Conference. At conference in June of that year, the SNP's deputy leader, William Wolfe, was elected as leader by 544 votes to 238 for Donaldson.


1969 Scottish local elections
Local elections were held in Scotland in May 1969. The turnout was one of the lowest on record, due to heavy rain and television coverage of the Scotland-Northern Ireland International football match at Hampden Park, Glasgow.


1969 Scottish local elections
The Scottish National Party failed to repeat their success in the 1968 local elections. Their hopes of becoming the second largest party in Edinburgh were dashed when they could only notch up a solitary win in Sighthill ward.


1969 Scottish local elections
Labour lost ground overall, losing in Glasgow where the Conservatives and Progressives gained control for the first time in many years. Labour did however regain control of Aberdeen, which they had lost in 1968. They also regained Kilsyth and swept all six seats in Lochgelly, Fife.


1969 Scottish local elections
The Progressives retained Dundee by the Lord Provost's casting vote.


1969 Seattle Pilots season
The 1969 Seattle Pilots season was the only season of the Seattle Pilots, a Major League Baseball team. As an expansion team in the American League, along with the Kansas City Royals, the Pilots were placed in the newly established West division. They finished last among the six teams with a record of 64–98 (.395), 33 games behind the division champion Minnesota Twins.


1969 Seattle Pilots season
Fewer than 678,000 fans came to see the Pilots, which ranked 20th of the 24 major league teams — a major reason why the team was forced into bankruptcy after only one season. Despite the poor conditions at aging Sick's Stadium, the ticket prices were among the highest in the major leagues. The bankruptcy sale of the team was approved by a federal court in Seattle on March 31, and the team moved to Milwaukee at the end of spring training for the 1970 season and became the Milwaukee Brewers. Milwaukee had lost the Braves to Atlanta after the 1965 season.


1969 Seattle Pilots season
A book about the season exists called The 1969 Seattle Pilots: Major League Baseball's One-Year Team. Part of the Pilots' season was also documented in the book Ball Four by Jim Bouton. In 2020, a book specifically about the behind-the-scenes management of the team and its move to Milwaukee titled Inside Pitch: Insiders Reveal How the Ill-Fated Seattle Pilots Got Played into Bankruptcy in One Year by Rick Allen was released.


1969 Seattle Pilots season
After the Pilots, there would not be another MLB team in Seattle until the birth of the Mariners in 1977.


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Offseason, Expansion draft
The MLB expansion draft for the Pilots and the Kansas City Royals was held on October 15, 1968.


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Offseason, 1968 MLB June amateur draft and minor league affiliates
The Pilots and Kansas City Royals, along with the two National League expansion teams set to debut in 1969, the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres, were allowed to participate in the June 1968 MLB first-year player draft, although the new teams were barred from the lottery's first three rounds. The Pilots drafted 29 players in the 1968 June draft, including future major league manager Tom Kelly (eighth round) and starting pitcher Bill Parsons (seventh round). Seattle affiliated with one minor league club during 1968 to develop drafted players; the roster was filled out by professional and amateur free agents that had been signed and players loaned from other organizations.


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Seattle Pilots season, Farm system
The Pilots' farm system consisted of four minor league affiliates in 1969. The Triple-A Vancouver Mounties were shared with the Montreal Expos.


1969 Segunda División de Chile
The 1969 Segunda División de Chile was the 18th season of the Segunda División de Chile.


1969 Senior League World Series
The 1969 Senior League World Series took place from August 12–16 in Gary, Indiana, United States. Sacramento, California defeated Gary, Indiana in the championship game.


1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake
The 1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake occurred on March 31 off the southern Sinai peninsula in northeastern Egypt. The epicenter was located near Shadwan island, southwest of the city of Sharm El Sheikh, at the confluence of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez. This normal-slip shock measured 6.6 on the moment magnitude scale, had a maximum reported intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale, and was responsible for several deaths and injuries.


1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake, Tectonic setting
This portion of Egypt is adjacent to the African and Arabian tectonic plates. The Red Sea divides the two and splits, with one branch turning north along the Gulf of Aqaba into the Dead Sea Transform system, and the main trend continuing along the Gulf of Suez. While the earthquake activity in the Gulf of Aqaba is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip faulting, the Gulf of Suez is primarily influenced by extensional tectonics, with increasing extension from north to south.


1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake, Earthquake
Although an unrelated earthquake swarm at Gubal island just 25 kilometers (16 mi) north of the epicenter of this event was related to reverse faulting, the focal mechanism of the 1969 shock (and a later M5.5 event in the same area) were normal faulting events with strikes parallel to the Gulf of Suez.


1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake, Damage
The shock affected the nearby islands of Tawila and Gubal, knocked people to the ground and caused many rockfalls at Shadwan, but due to the uninhabited nature of the islands, no damage was reported there except some cracking at the base of the Shaker lighthouse. At Hurghada, some cracking occurred in the brick walls of a reinforced concrete power plant, and some plaster cracked at two hotels. Similar effects were seen to the north at Saint Catherine's Monastery. At Sharm El Sheikh (where people had difficulty standing during the shock) cracks in walls were observed, items fell from shelves, and furniture shifted or overturned. The oil fields along both shores of the Gulf of Suez were not affected.


1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake, Damage
Further away from the epicentral area the damage was light to non-existent, though it was felt strongly at the port cities of Safaga and Queseir, and to the west in Qena. At Asyut a house and a mosque were destroyed, and in Beni Suef a few homes were damaged and a school's staircase fell. In Cairo, people ran into the streets and one home was destroyed and about ten other homes were damaged with five injuries occurring there, but the shock was only felt by a few people further to the north in Alexandria. Total damage and casualties amounted to two deaths, fifteen injuries, and seven mosques destroyed (along with around 100 homes).


1969 Sharm El Sheikh earthquake, Other events
The region near the northern Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Gulf of Aqaba sees the most seismic activity in Egypt, and the northeastern portion of the country has seen an increase in earthquakes relative to historical times. While the 1969 event was one of the larger events, the M5.8 1992 Cairo earthquake, which struck 25 kilometers (16 mi) southwest of the city in the Dahshour area,  was also significant. The M7.3 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake occurred along the Dead Sea Transform system and was the largest event in the 20th century that impacted the region. By comparison, activity near Cairo is not as active, but other smaller events have been reported in the Nile Delta, including small events near Beni Suef in October 1999 and again in November 2006.


1969 Sheffield City Council election
The elections were held on 8 May 1969, with one third of the council - plus a double vacancy in Park - up for election. The previous year's historic win by the Conservatives, and their gaining control of the council was ended with these elections, with Labour successfully holding or gaining back seats in wards they lost in the last year's defeat. The previous year's substantial Tory leads in vote figures and seat numbers belied how narrowly won those numerous gains were, with even a tiny swing to Labour destined to return them.


1969 Sheffield City Council election
Labour's win and regaining control of the council was in sharp contrast to the national picture, which seen a repeat of the preceding years' heavy losses to the Conservatives with further losses of their heartlands to Tory control. Sheffield joined Stoke as the only cities left controlled by Labour, with last year's survivor Hull falling this year. Nationally Labour managed just 23 gains, with Sheffield accounting for over a fifth of them.


1969 Sheffield City Council election
Given this environment, the Labour response was naturally overjoyed; the Sheffield Brightside MP Eddie Griffiths reacted "I literally had tears in my eyes when I heard the results. I was more excited about these results than by my own election". The Labour group's leader Ald Ron Ironmonger attributed this to their campaigning effort and the electorate voting on a local mindset "[we've] struggled so hard for this. We took this really seriously - we haven't fought a campaign like this for years.


1969 Sheffield City Council election
I think the victory is due to the good sense of the Sheffield people, and I am proud of them tonight. They have judged the election on the city's own affairs as we asked them to. We are certainly wiser men after a year in opposition. There is no doubt about that."


1969 Sheffield City Council election
The Conservative grouping leader Ald Harrold Hebblethwaite responded "Obviously I am very disappointed at this result and I find it quite surprising, though one has always understood that Sheffield is a city on its own, and can never be relied on to follow a national trend. The great pity of it is that Walkley we certainly lost due to the intervention of an Independent, and Sharrow by a Liberal intervention - though obviously we cannot say that as regards Firth Park and Handsworth".


1969 Sheffield City Council election
Hebblethwaite accepted that the Rent Rebate scheme had played a large part in last year's results, but qualified "nevertheless I am certain the public have been somewhat confused about the issues this year. Twelve months is not enough time for any party to settle down in control and get its policies under way". Of such policies Labour were to reintroduce the closed-shop clause in Corporation employment which the Tories had dropped and accept the 30 places at Sheffield Girl's High School, which were now too late to reverse.


1969 Sheffield City Council election
Overall turnout was up narrowly on the previous year's, to 33.2%


1969 Sheffield City Council election, Election result
The result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:


1969 Sligo Senior Football Championship
This is a round-up of the 1969 Sligo Senior Football Championship. Collooney/Ballisodare were champions again, and as in 1967 they defeated the holders, this time St. Patrick's, in the final. This was the seventh title won by the parish in the 1960s, but this was also to be the last such triumph to date.


1969 Sligo Senior Football Championship, Sligo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:T. WeirT. McLoughlinM. MolloyP. HennessyA. FlynnS. HenryB. McAuley T. SheehanP. HannonD. MartinG. HorganJ. HannonR. HenryB. FinnM. Flynn


1969 Sligo Senior Football Championship, Sligo Senior Football Championship Final
Team:T. CumminsF. LeonardA. BolandP.J. KilcullenS. DoneganJ. CuffeJ. KilgallonR. BolandM. KearinsP. McMunnK. CorcoranP. KearinsT. LeonardP. KilgallonD. O'Connor


1969 Somali coup d'état
The 1969 Somali coup d'état was the bloodless takeover of Somalia's government on 21 October 1969 by far-left military officers of the Supreme Revolutionary Council led by Siad Barre. Somali troops supported by tanks under the command of Barre stormed Mogadishu and seized key government buildings and ordered the resignation of the country's leaders. The coup deposed  President Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein and Prime Minister Mohammad Egal and led to the twenty-one year long military rule by Barre and the imposition of an authoritarian government in Somalia until 1991.


1969 Somali coup d'état
Arising out of the highly contested parliamentary elections of March 1969 and political tensions, the coup led to political repression and Somalia becoming a virtual Soviet satellite state until 1977 at which point it became an ally of the United States. It was the first successful coup, after two previous aborted attempts, in Somali history since the country achieved independence nine years earlier in 1960.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Background
Somalia became independent in 1960, creating the Somali Republic from former Italian Somaliland and former British Somaliland. The first leaders of the new republic were President Aden Abdullah Osman Daar who served as head of state and Prime Minister Mohammad Egal of the Somali Youth League. Because Somalia was composed of two recently unified territories, the country was divided in many aspects such as taxation, policing, legal systems, and administration, however these differences were largely resolved in a 1961 referendum on a new constitution which saw more than 90% of voters approve the document. The constitution which merged Italian and British colonial institutions established a parliamentary democracy and was intended to create a single national identity.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Background
Despite the ratification of a new constitution, Somalia remained deeply divided among ethnic, political, and clan lines. In 1961, a rebellion by British trained junior army officers in northern Somalia took place however it was quelled, resulting in one officer being killed. The country's first legislative elections were held in 1964, and the Somali Youth League won 69 out of 123 seats in the National Assembly. The rest of the seats in the parliament were split between 11 parties.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Background
In 1967, Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, the Italian educated prime minister and member of the Somali Youth League (SYL), was elected as president of Somalia. In March 1969 another legislative election was held with 64 parties in the running with the SYL being the only political party to have candidates in every election district. The number of political parties was typical of Somalia due to the wide array of differing clans and ethnic groups and the fact that the prerequisite to running was simply clan sponsorship or the support of 500 voters.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Background
The election was highly contentious and saw the Somali Youth League gain an even greater majority in the parliament. Allegations of electoral fraud and corruption were rampant and more than 25 people were killed in election-related violence. A general perception grew among Somalis that the SYL was becoming increasingly authoritarian in its rule. This view was compounded by the newly formed government under Prime Minister Egal largely ignoring allegations of fraud and corruption. This sweeping unrest and dissatisfaction created an unhealthy political situation in the country that paved the way for the October coup by Siad Barre and other officers.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Background
Major General Siad Barre, a former Italian colonial police officer and member of the Darod clan, was the commander of the Somali army, and an ardent Marxist and nationalist. He emerged as the leader of the Supreme Revolutionary Council a group of Somali military and police officers ranging in rank from major general to captain.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Coup
On 15 October 1969, President Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, only Somalia's second president of the postcolonial era, was shot dead by his bodyguard using an automatic rifle as he stepped out of a car in the northern city of Las Anod. He was succeeded by interim President Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein. The coup was set in motion the day after Sharmarke's funeral.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Coup
The coup d'état took place during the early morning hours of 21 October 1969. Troops of the Somali National Armed Forces supported by tanks and commanded by various members of the Supreme Revolutionary Council sealed off several strategic sites in Mogadishu, including the parliament building, information ministry, Radio Mogadishu, police headquarters, and the mansion of Prime Minister Egal. Major government officials were abducted and imprisoned. Several former senior Somali politicians were rounded up during the coup as well, among them former President Aden Adde and former Prime Minister Abdirizak Haji Hussein.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Coup
Both were placed in detention and were not released until 1973. Prime Minister Egal too was imprisoned, but in solitary confinement. Despite the seizure of police buildings in the coup, the police did not resist the military and even cooperated with them. Jama Ali Korshel, the head of the Somali Police Force was appointed vice chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Coup
After coupist forces seized Radio Mogadishu, the station began broadcasting martial music as a way of conveying the motives of the coup leaders, including the song "Either doomsday death or victory of life," which invoked images of several wild animals such as lions and horses. In his first speech on the radio during the coup, Barre condemned the "corruption" of the old regime and disparaged the oppression of the educated.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Coup
He also explained that although the government he had overthrown was inept and corrupt not all of its members were criminals, perhaps acknowledging that he had been a part of the very system he had just overthrown. Barre's Supreme Revolutionary Council dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Coup
In 1970, one year after the coup, Siad Barre declared Somalia to be a socialist state and set upon the 'Somalization' of the country, essentially a grand scheme to diminish clan loyalties and create a 'dutiful Somali' country.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Aftermath
The 25-member Supreme Revolutionary Council, in essence a military junta, took over all the duties of the state after the coup, including the presidency, National Assembly, and Council of Ministers. The country was renamed the Somali Democratic Republic and a political purge took place; political parties were banned, former Prime Minister Egal and several other politicians were sentenced to lengthy prison sentences, and dissidents were persecuted. A power struggle in the ranks of the SRC, took place with Siad Barre eventually rising to become Somalia's leader. Salaad Gabeyre Kediye, who had been called the "Father of the Revolution", and Abdulkadir Dheel, a high-ranking army colonel were executed in public by firing squad in 1972.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Aftermath
Barre, called the "Victorious Leader", began leading the country in the direction of scientific socialism and sought to create a shared national identity in Somalia by decreasing the role and influence of the country's various clans. Nomads were resettled into agricultural communes, a large literacy campaign was undertaken, women were granted more rights, and the Latin script was officially adopted for use in the Somali language. Military spending increased with the help of the Soviet Union which provided large volumes of equipment and trainers, and soon Somalia possessed one of the most powerful military forces in Africa. Barre cultivated a cult of personality throughout his 21 years of rule, seeking inspiration from his idols, Kim Il-sung and Gamal Abdel Nasser.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Aftermath
The SRC was dissolved in 1976 and Barre became increasingly totalitarian with human rights abuses becoming endemic in Somalia. The United Nations Development Programme wrote in 2001, "the 21-year regime of Siyad Barre had one of the worst human rights records in Africa," with the Barre regime persecuting and torturing suspected political dissidents for decades.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Allegations of Soviet involvement
Though no official evidence has been presented to support this theory, suspicions of Soviet involvement in the coup have been widespread since the takeover was carried out in 1969. At the time, postcolonial Somalia had been receiving large volumes of military support from the Soviet Union including vehicles, small arms, and technical assistance in the form of advisers. In addition, thousands of Somali military officers had been sent to the Soviet Union for training in the country's military academies and the Soviet Union maintained a sizable naval base in the country.


1969 Somali coup d'état, Allegations of Soviet involvement
However, after the coup the Soviets remained wary of the new regime and seemed unsure of the junta's preferred political direction. It is known that the KGB's station in Mogadishu was notified in advance of the coup and some of the plotters were Soviet informants. Salaad Gabeyre Kediye, one of the coup's main architects who was executed in 1972, was a KGB informant codenamed "OPERATOR", according to documents from the Mitrokhin Archive and the writings of Cambridge historian Christopher Andrew.


1969 Somali parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Somalia on 26 March 1969. A total of 64 parties ran in the election, many of which had been formed shortly beforehand. The result was a victory for the Somali Youth League (SYL), which won 73 of the 123 seats. In total, 27 parties won seats, but immediately after the elections, most of the MPs for the smaller parties joined the Somali Youth League. The SYL held 109 seats by the end of May, in addition to being in a coalition with the Somali National Congress. This, in turn, gave the SYL control of 120 of the 123 seats.


1969 Somali parliamentary election
This was to be the last election in Somalia prior to a coup d'état on 21 October, when officers of the far-left Supreme Revolutionary Council led by Siad Barre transformed Somalia into a single-party Marxist-Leninist state that would last until the fall of the regime in 1991.


1969 Somali parliamentary election, Electoral system
The electoral system used was a mixture of single-member plurality and party-list proportional representation. There were 48 electoral districts. In ten of them, only one member was elected, and thus the single-member plurality system was used. In the remaining districts, seats were distributed using party-list proportional representation and the Hare quota. The average number of members elected in a multi-member district was approximately three.


1969 South African Grand Prix
The 1969 South African Grand Prix, formally the Third AA Grand Prix of South Africa (Afrikaans: Derde AA Suid-Afrikaanse Grand Prix), was a Formula One motor race held at Kyalami Circuit on 1 March 1969. It was race 1 of 11 in both the 1969 World Championship of Drivers and the 1969 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 80-lap race was won by Matra driver Jackie Stewart after he started from fourth position. Graham Hill finished second for the Lotus team and McLaren driver Denny Hulme came in third.


1969 South African Grand Prix, Background
In the weeks leading up to the first Formula One race of the 1969 season, entries were being announced for the race, with all the teams, apart from Ferrari expected to nominate two drivers for the race. Enzo Ferrari, the managing director of the team he founded, announced that Ferrari were only going to nominate one driver for the race. To most people's surprise, Ferrari at first nominated two drivers for the race without explanation. However, the decision was later changed, with only Chris Amon nominated eventually for Ferrari. Brabham, BRM, Lotus, Matra and McLaren all chose to nominate two drivers for the race meeting.


1969 South African Open (tennis)
The 1969 South African Open was an independent combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Ellis Park in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was the 66th edition of the tournament and was held from 1 April through 12 April 1969. Rod Laver won the singles title in the men's division, while Billie Jean King won the singles titles in the women's.


1969 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Pancho Gonzales /  Ray Moore defeated  Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan 6–3, 4–6, 6–1, 6–3


1969 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Françoise Dürr /  Ann Jones defeated  Nancy Richey /  Virginia Wade 6–2, 3–6, 6–4


1969 South African Open (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Tom Okker /  Annette Van Zyl defeated  Bob Maud /  Virginia Wade 8–6, 5–7, 6–4


1969 South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 1969 South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Porto Alegre, Brazil, October 9–12, 1969. This was the second edition of the South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships, and for the first time women's events were also competed.


1969 South American Championships in Athletics
The 1969 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in Quito, Ecuador, between 4 and 12 October.


1969 South American Rugby Championship
The 1969 South American Rugby Championship was the sixth edition of the competition of the leading national Rugby Union teams in South America.


1969 South American Rugby Championship
The tournament was played in Santiago and won by Argentina.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The historic 1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Paul Dietzel, the Gamecocks won the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) championship, which remains their only conference championship in history. They were defeated by West Virginia in the Peach Bowl and finished with a record of 7-4. They played their home games at Carolina Stadium.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Duke, Pre game
On Saturday September 20, 1969, South Carolina hosted Duke to open the 100th college football season. Coming into the game, The Gamecocks were two and a half touchdown favorites according to odds makers, both teams being favorites to win the ACC in pre season speculation. An area of concern for the Gamecocks however was the unproven offensive line.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Duke, 1st half
A Suggs fumble at the USC 33 recovered by Mike Fitzpatrick, set up the games first score with a Pugh 24-yard field goal giving Duke a 3-0 lead. The Gamecocks had a 10-3 lead at the half thanks to a Rudy Holloman 60 yard rushing touchdown, and a 30-yard field goal from Billy DuPre. The SC defense held Duke star QB Leo Hart to just five completions in 12 attempts for 28 yards. Just after the start of the 2nd quarter, USC's Holloman scored on a 60 yard run, giving the Gamecocks a 10-3 lead that they would take into the break.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Duke, 2nd half
Duke QB Hart's bounced back in the 2nd half passing led them to a 51 yard touchdown drive capped by a three yard pass to Marcell Courtillet to tie the game 10-10 with 8:32 remaining in the 3rd quarter. DuPre 37 yard field goal in the 4th quarter gave SC the lead back 13-10, but Duke's QB Hart responded with 79 yard, 8 play drive, capped off by a 18-yard touchdown pass to Wes Chesson.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Duke, 2nd half
With just under 11 minutes to play, Dietzel gambled on 4th and two, Gamecock QB Tommy Suggs faked a handoff and ran a 48 yard touchdown, darting through the right tackle without a single Duke player touching him giving SC a 20-17 lead. Duke's kicker Pugh would tie it at 20-20 with a 43-yard field goal.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Duke, Final drive
With only one minute and twenty five seconds left, the Gamecocks completed a 12 play scoring drive, beginning at their own 25 yard line. Muir opened the drive with a 10 yard run, Muir then caught a Suggs pass for 16 more yards. Later in the drive, Fred Zeigler caught his 100th pass in his career, a 24-yard pass from Suggs. On first down from the 2, Muir ran it in giving the Gamecocks the 27-20 lead and sending the sold out crowd of 42,791 into a frenzy.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Duke, Post game
Holloman finished with 125 yards rushing, QB Suggs had 105 rushing yards, and went 10-16 passing for 107 yards.


1969 South Carolina Gamecocks football team, Game summaries, Duke, Post game
Dietzel post game said "That fourth down play at midfield with better than 10 minutes to go in the game was the biggest gamble that I've ever taken" also adding "Possibly the most amazing thing about our defense was that we played almost the whole game with Pat Watson and three true sophomores in the Secondary. It's most unusual for a major college team to play a game with three true sophomores in the secondary. You can get beat quicker there than anywhere else."


1969 South Dakota Coyotes football team
The 1969 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Joe Salem, the team compiled a 3–7 record (2–4 against NCC opponents), tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 228 to 208. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.


1969 South Korean constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in South Korea on 17 October 1969. The changes to the constitution were approved by 67.5% of voters, with a turnout of 77.1%.


1969 South Pacific Games
The 1969 South Pacific Games, held from 13–23 August 1969 at Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea, was the third edition of the South Pacific Games. A total of 1,150 athletes participated in the games.


1969 South Pacific Games, Sports
There were fifteen sports contested at the 1969 South Pacific Games:


1969 South Pacific Games, Notes
A total of fifteen sports were contested at the 1969 South Pacific Games. Athletics (and the opening and closing ceremonies) were held at the newly built Sir Hubert Murray Stadium at Konedobu. The souvenir programme for 1969 features the official games logo and icons for the fifteen sports.


1969 South Pacific Games, Notes
Basketball, tennis, table tennis, boxing, swimming, athletics, rugby union, soccer and golf were played at the 1969 games.


1969 South Pacific Games, Notes
Golf: There were individual and team sections for men and for women; four medal events in total. The tournament was played at Lae.


1969 South Pacific Games, Notes
Judo was included in the SPG for the first time in 1969. Participants came from Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Tonga, and Papua New Guinea. One competitor per country was allowed in each of five weight divisions: lightweight, light middleweight, middleweight, light heavyweight, heavyweight.


1969 South Pacific Games, Notes
Netball was played at the 1969 Games, but PNG was given a prize instead of the gold medal as only two teams entered the competition.


1969 South Pacific Games, Notes
Yachting (Fireball dinghy), volleyball, and softball were played at the 1969 games.


1969 South Pacific Games, Notes
Weightlifting, yachting and boxing are depicted on postage stamps celebrating the 1969 games.


1969 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
The 1969 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 5th Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Rangoon, Burma from 6 to 13 December 1969 with 15 sports featured in the games. Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) had reluctantly declined to host this edition because the attack of the North Vietnam (Tet Offensive) in 1968 (Vietnam War). Singapore, the youngest member of the SEAP Games Federation at the time, suggested in this edition of the games to change the name of the sports festival to the Southeast Asia Games.


1969 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games
Although it was not officially stated, the inclusion of the Philippines and Indonesia in the expanded federation was to greatly help alleviate the hosting problems, as well as to set higher and more competitive standards in the games. After hosting the 5th edition, Burma declined hosting succeeding games due to lack of financial capability. This was Burma's second time to host the games and its first time since 1961. The games was opened and closed by Ne Win, the Prime Minister and Chairman of Union Revolutionary Council of Burma at the Bogyoke Aung San Stadium. The final medal tally was led by host Burma, followed by Thailand and Singapore.


1969 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1969 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from February 27 – March 1, 1969, at the original Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Davidson Wildcats, led by head coach Lefty Driesell, won their third Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1969 NCAA Tournament.


1969 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
All of the conference's eight members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.


1969 Southern Illinois Salukis football team
The 1969 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) as an independent during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. Under third-year head coach Dick Towers, the team compiled a 5–5 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.


1969 Southern Miss Southerners football team
The 1969 Southern Miss Southerners football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern Mississippi as an independent during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach P. W. Underwood, the team compiled a 5–5 record.


1969 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team
The 1969 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southwestern Louisiana (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth year under head coach Russ Faulkinberry, the team compiled a 5–5 record.


1969 Soviet Class A Second Group
The 1969 Soviet Class A Second Group was the seventh season of the Soviet Class A Second Group football competitions that was established in 1963. It was also the 29th season of the Soviet second tier league competition.


1969 Soviet Class B
1969 Soviet Class B was a Soviet football competition at the Soviet third tier.


1969 Soviet Cup
The 1969 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union. The winner of the competition, Karpaty Lviv qualified for the continental tournament.


1969 Soviet Top League
20 teams took part in the league with FC Spartak Moscow winning the championship.


1969 Soviet nuclear tests
The Soviet Union's 1969 nuclear test series was a group of 19 nuclear tests conducted in 1969. These tests  followed the 1968 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1970 Soviet nuclear tests series.


1969 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1969 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Montjuïc circuit on 4 May 1969. It was race 2 of 11 in both the 1969 World Championship of Drivers and the 1969 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1969 Spanish Grand Prix
This is one of only two Grands Prix where the winner finished two laps ahead of the runner-up, the other occasion being the 1995 Australian Grand Prix. This was the last race of the high wing era in Formula One. Both works Lotus cars suffered massive accidents when their suspension-mounted wing supports failed. Despite the narrow confines of the Montjuïc circuit, drivers Jochen Rindt and Graham Hill both survived. Chris Amon inherited the lead after Rindt's crash.


1969 Spanish Grand Prix
Establishing a thirty-second lead, the New Zealander seemed to be on his way to his first Grand Prix victory until his engine seized on lap 56. The lead was then gifted to Jackie Stewart, who then went on to win by a margin of two laps; one of his most dominant performances, on a circuit that would become synonymous with the danger and lack of professionalism he detested.


1969 Special Honours (New Zealand)
The 1969 Special Honours in New Zealand was a Special Honours List dated 14 November 1969, in which 29 people were awarded the Polar Medal, for distinguished services in scientific research and exploration as members of annual New Zealand expeditions to Antarctica.


1969 Speedway World Pairs Championship
The 1969 Speedway World Pairs Championship was the unofficial World Best Pairs Championship FIM. The final took place in Stockholm, Sweden. The championship was won by New Zealand (28 points) who beat Sweden (27 points) and England (21 points). Although unofficial at the time it is now regarded as being a major event and is listed in all speedway lists.


1969 Speedway World Pairs Championship, Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fellns - non-starter • nc - non-classify


1969 Speedway World Team Cup
The 1969 Speedway World Team Cup was the tenth edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions.


1969 Speedway World Team Cup
The final took place at the Rybnik Municipal Stadium in Rybnik, Poland. The host nation won the title for the fourth time.


1969 Speedway World Team Cup, Qualification, British Round
Great Britain seeded to Final (Commonwealth riders eligible for the British team)


1969 Speedway World Team Cup, Qualification, Contmnental Round
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1969 Speedway World Team Cup, World Final
M - exclusion for exceeding two-minute time allowance • T - exclusion for touching the tapes • X - other exclusion • E - retired or mechanical failure • F - fell


1969 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
The 1969 St. Louis Cardinals season was the 50th season the team was in the National Football League (NFL).


1969 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
The team failed to improve on their previous output of 9–4–1, winning only four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 21st consecutive season.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season
The Cardinals’ defense allowed 38 passing touchdowns, the second-highest total in pro football history.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1969 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 88th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 78th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 87–75 during the season and finished fourth in the newly established National League East, 13 games behind the eventual NL pennant and World Series champion New York Mets.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season
The resurgent Chicago Cubs, featuring players such as Ernie Banks, Ron Santo, and Billy Williams and helmed by fiery manager Leo Durocher, led the newly formed NL East for much of the summer before faltering. The Cardinals put on a mid-season surge, as their famous announcer Harry Caray (in what would prove to be his final season of 25 doing Cardinals broadcasts) began singing, "The Cardinals are coming, tra-la, tra-la". However, to the surprise of both Chicago and St. Louis, the Miracle Mets would ultimately win the division, as well as the league championship and the World Series.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
Pitcher Bob Gibson and outfielder Curt Flood won Gold Gloves this year.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
1969 also marked the final season for the Busch Stadium grass before the installation of AstroTurf, which would be their home surface for the next 26 seasons.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
After the season, long-time broadcaster Harry Caray's contract was not renewed. At a news conference shortly afterward, Caray pointedly and conspicuously drank from a can of Schlitz beer, at the time the main competitor to the brands of Anheuser-Busch (A–B), who owned the Cardinals. He said he did not know why he had been let go, but doubted the team's claim that the decision was made because he was hurting beer sales. Instead, he suspected that people believed rampant rumors that he had been having an affair with Susan Busch, daughter-in-law of team president and A–B CEO Gussie Busch.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season
Caray would be a broadcaster for the Oakland Athletics in 1970, before spending 27 seasons in Chicago with the White Sox (1971–1981) and the Cubs from 1982 until his death prior to the 1998 season.


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Stanford Indians football team
The 1969 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. The Indians were coached by John Ralston in his seventh season, matching Tiny Thornhill for the second-longest tenure of any Stanford coach to date. Stanford was led by future Heisman Trophy winner Jim Plunkett in his second season as starting quarterback.


1969 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1969 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1968–69 season, and the culmination of the 1969 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the defending champion Montreal Canadiens and the St. Louis Blues, a rematch of the previous year's finals. As they did in the previous matchup, the Canadiens won the series in four games.


1969 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Montreal defeated the New York Rangers 4–0 and the Boston Bruins 4–2 to advance to the finals.


1969 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
St. Louis defeated the Philadelphia Flyers and Los Angeles Kings in four games each.


1969 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
This was the second playoff series between these two teams. Their only previous meeting came in the previous year's Stanley Cup final. In this year's six-game regular season series, there were five wins for Montreal and one tie.


1969 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Claude Ruel became the eleventh rookie coach to win the Stanley Cup. Montreal goaltender Rogie Vachon limited St. Louis to three goals in four games. In the process, he earned his first career playoff shutout.


1969 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The 1969 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Jean Beliveau by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Canadiens 2–1 win over the Blues in game four.


1969 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup


1969 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Won 4 Stanley Cups in 5 Years with Montreal 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969
Ralph Backstrom, Jean Beliveau, Yvan Cournoyer, Dick Duff, John Ferguson, Terry Harper, Ted Harris, Jacques Laperriere, Claude Provost, Henri Richard, Bobby Rousseau, Gilles Tremblay, Jean-Claude Tremblay, Gump Worsley (14 players), David Molson, Sam Pollock, Larry Aubut (3 non-players).


1969 Star World Championships
The 1969 Star World Championships were held in San Diego, United States in 1969.


1969 Stockholm Open
The 1969 Stockholm Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Kungliga tennishallen in Stockholm, Sweden. The tournament was held from 24 November until 29 November 1969. Unseeded Nikola Pilić won the singles title.


1969 Stockholm Open, Finals, Doubles
Roy Emerson /  Rod Laver defeated  Andrés Gimeno /  Graham Stilwell, 6–4, 6–2


1969 Stockholm Open – Doubles
The 1969 Stockholm Open was a tennis tournament played on hard courts in Stockholm, Sweden. The tournament was held from November 1 through November 7, 1969. Roy Emerson and Rod Laver won in the final 6–4, 6–2 against Andrés Gimeno and Graham Stilwell.


1969 Stockholm Open – Singles
The 1969 Stockholm Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Stockholm, Sweden. The tournament was held from November 1 through November 7, 1969. Unseeded Nikola Pilić defeated Ilie Năstase in the final, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention
The 1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention held in June of that year in Chicago, Illinois was the final convention held by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). The gathering, which took place over June 18–22, was one of four conventions officers and members of SDS attended each year. Taking place at the Chicago Coliseum, the convention was the site of chaos and tension, with members breaking into factions, each vying for control of the organization.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention
Prior to this convention, one of the factions, the Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM), soon to be renamed the Weathermen, wrote a manifesto regarding the ways and means by which to take SDS in the years to come. The creation of the Weathermen, from RYM, was essentially the main reason for the functioning, and later the disintegration, of SDS. Leading members of the college-based organization wanted to push its boundaries in order to create real revolution and change in America. The SDS National Convention of June 1969 was the culmination of all disagreement within its membership. The result of the convention was a disoriented and gutted organization, complete in only its name.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background
1969 was a year of turmoil and destruction. The conflict in Vietnam entered its sixth year with no end in sight, as the spring "saw the longest and most violent student strike in American history". Vietnam was an important and all-encompassing topic that covered television, college campuses, newspapers, and conversation. Richard Nixon began his first of two terms as president. The world had seen the chaos of the 1968 Democratic National Convention as it erupted into protest and political radicalism was on the rise.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background, Worker Student Alliance (WSA)/Progressive Labor Party (PL)
The SDS June 1969 Convention is best described as a clash between three major factions of the organization: the Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM), the Worker Student Alliance (WSA) also known as the Progressive Labor Party (PL), and the Revolutionary Youth Movement II (RYM II). The three factions could be described with PL on one end, RYM on the other, and RYM II somewhere in between the two. PL (aka WSA) took a very strictly traditional Maoist-Marxist line. Lead by communist Jeff Gordon, PL saw themselves separate of the counterculture, and did not "smoke dope or wear their hair long".


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background, Worker Student Alliance (WSA)/Progressive Labor Party (PL)
This was something that RYM and RYM II disliked about the Maoist faction; the fact that SDS was of and for the counterculture was one of its most distinguishing traits, thus the two other factions felt that PL was disrespecting this feature of the college-based organization. WSA "saw race as divisive and promoted a staid and conservative view of the working class". They did not back African-American nationalism as the RYMs did, and described their purpose as class struggle, appealing to the working class proletariat of America.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background, Worker Student Alliance (WSA)/Progressive Labor Party (PL)
PL's platform centered around "the old left notion that black nationalism was a diversion from the all-important class struggle". This was a stark contrast from RYM, who saw America's faults in terms of race and imperialism. PL vied for control of SDS in order to expel these other schools of thought and bring in the working-classes of America. However, their conflict with RYM and RYM II at the convention was both poorly timed and not enough to seize full control.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background, Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM)
Going into the June 1969 Convention, RYM was the faction with the most power and control over SDS and originally encompassed those who were a part of RYM II. SDS leaders, Mark Rudd and Bernardine Dohrn being among the leaders of RYM, this faction expected to take SDS into a new decade more radical than ever, under a new name: the Weathermen. This involved expelling the PL, who they viewed as racist and conservative.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background, Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM)
In the convention's edition of the New Left Notes, the RYM (now calling themselves the Weathermen) published their manifesto: "You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows," based on the song Subterranean Homesick Blues by Bob Dylan. It emphasized their purpose of fighting American-imperialism alongside the Black Panthers, Vietnamese, and other third world countries around the globe. The now Weathermen believed that the "fight for black liberation [was] an anti-colonial struggle against racism and the racist imperialist power structure, as well as being part of the class struggle". Landing on the opposite end of the Left's spectrum, RYM felt that their views were superior to PL, and thus planned on being the victors of the convention.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background, Revolutionary Youth Movement II (RYM II)
RYM II grew out of RYM as a reactionary group to RYM's "Weatherman" manifesto. Led by Mike Klonsky, RYM II essentially became a real faction at the convention, parting ways from RYM because of ideological differences. Although they backed black nationalism, they interpreted "white skin privileges as being 'insignificant'" and believed in a more traditional Marxist approach, one that related closely to the Soviet Comintern of 1928. They agreed with PL on Old Leftist values, but were not as conservative and did not go as far as to say that race was reactionary to class struggle.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Background, Revolutionary Youth Movement II (RYM II)
RYM II "sought to capture white allegiance by appealing to white 'material interest' – wages, or hours, or benefits". This goal to appeal to the working classes of America on a different level than PL, made the members of RYM II want to pair with their former fellow members in RYM to push PL out of SDS.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Events, The First Day
The first day of the convention, June 18, 1969, was filled with "delegates clashing over seemingly minor procedural issues". During the opening talks, "PL put forth a resolution that mainstream media be barred completely from the convention". This was passed with overwhelming support, the only proposal of the convention that was agreed upon by all three factions.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Events, The Second Day
On the second day, both RYM faction leaders "engineered a show of solidarity," inviting as speakers "representatives of the Young Lords, a Puerto Rican nationalist group, and the Black Panthers [to] address the assembly". This angered the PL, as the Panthers "were fully aware of PL's animosity toward black nationalism," and "were unrestrained in their contempt for PL" as well. Rufus "Chaka" Walls, the Black Panther speaker, then took the stand to give a speech, insulting PL by calling them "armchair Marxists" and painting them as racist.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Events, The Second Day
However, it was not the PL who came out of the second day as the most flustered, "the anti-PL front was severely embarrassed" when Walls, "after attacking the 'armchair Marxists' in PL… managed to offend most in the room by criticising women's liberation as 'pussy power'". He began a chant this phrase and PL countered by yelling "Smash Male Chauvinism!". The "evening ended in a fist fight" when the myriad shouting would not come to a conclusion. June 19 was also the day of the convention in which RYM II officially emerged as a faction. Seeing the disagreement between PL and RYM, the members of the new RYM II began to quarrel with its mother faction (RYM) and had many "disagreements over the Weatherman paper" concerning Marxist issues, wanting to relate more to the working peoples of America and class struggle.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Events, The Third Day
The last three days, June 20–22, 1969, are very much connected and are sometimes described as a blur. The third day of the convention, June 20, 1969, began with tense conversations between RYM, RYM II, and PL who fought over how to proceed with SDS as a whole. The question of black nationalism and the role of women in SDS caused much disagreement. RYM thought that black nationalism was important and backed it, while RYM II merely agreed that it existed and PL very strongly opposed to it.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Events, The Third Day
Like black nationalism, when it came to the "matter of women's liberation," PL thought that it was more important for women to "focus upon the 'class struggle'". RYM disagreed, instead proposing that women's focus be in "anti-imperialism and anti-racism," but in a more prominent and powerful role. To PL's beliefs, Bernardine Dohrn, Mike Klonsky, and others "responded by declaring that it was impossible to remain in the same organization with people who opposed self-determination in practice and demanded an immediate split". After this, Dohrn "announced that she was walking out and invited all those who agreed with her to follow".


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Events, The Fourth Day
The next day began with RYM I and II meeting in an opposite wing than PL, on different sides of the Coliseum. As discussion eventually resumed between the two groups, "it became clear that the expulsion of PL was inevitable". Dohrn spoke again about Third World Struggles and anti-imperialism, things of which PL had no concern. She ended her speech with the proclamation that SDS "was becoming a revolutionary movement; and as such, it could not allow a group such as PL in its ranks". Chanting began again, with PL fighting for their beliefs; however, it was basically over. "Although they controlled a third of the delegates at the final SDS convention," the reality was that PL "had a presence in only a handful of the locations where SDS was active, and everyone knew it. It was over. ".


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Events, The Fifth Day
The final day was short, SDS was now an organization consisting of the factions RYM and a much less powerful RYM II. What was left of the organization's leading members and officers were Weathermen. However, as "excised as it might have been," PL did meet on that last day in the Coliseum. "Proclaiming itself the true SDS," PL met on the other side of the convention center, away from the new SDS, who spent their last day planning a Chicago event that would take place that October, only a few months later. This event is what would later be named the Days of Rage.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Consequences, Creation of the Weathermen
The final SDS National Convention in June 1969 herald in a new era of the radical left, with the casting out of PL being regarded as a concise cleaning-up of SDS. The convention resulted in SDS practically in shambles, the three factions had only caused the downfall of the organization instead of the progress they wanted to accomplish. The Weathermen were now in control of SDS, taking it into the 1970s with a new focus and drive towards real radical revolution in the United States. They intended on truly 'bringing the war home'.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Consequences, Creation of the Weathermen
Under the SDS flag, "the Weathermen had claimed… that it was seeking, by its militancy, to win whites to the black and Vietnamese struggles". In the months to follow, the Weathermen would ultimately shed its mother organization's name and enter a decade of rage and uncertainty, eventually being forced to move underground.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Consequences, The Days of Rage
The Days of Rage took place shortly after the June Convention, during the second week of October that fall. Taking place once again in Chicago, they were a consequence of the Weatherman faction seizing control of the student-run organization and convincing the group as a whole for the need of a full-fledged revolution. During the Days of Rage, "young radicals invested militant action with special power to enlighten, inspire, and mobilize".


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Consequences, The Days of Rage
This event "provided a way for them to establish the authenticity of their commitments, to assert their dissident or 'revolutionary' identities, and to live what they considered meaningful and engaged lives. The Weathermen had anticipated "at least 25,000 people" were to attend the Days of Rage; however, "instead of the promised 25,000 white youth ready to tear up 'pig city,'" a mere "700 to 800 people gathered" half of them spectators. The four-day spectacle opened the Weathermen's eyes to the fact that because of their tactics, they would not gain the support that they had originally intended on gathering.


1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention, Consequences, Disintegration of RYM II
Shortly after the June 1969 Convention, the newly made Revolutionary Youth Movement II, with Mike Klonsky at the helm, splintered off and disintegrated. As opposed to the Weathermen, who were "secure in the understandings of imperialism and white supremacy," RYM II "defined the existence of a black nation that neither the Panthers nor SNCC had asked for". This caused frustration and disagreement among the relatively young faction, and resulted in the splintering off of members into new, even smaller factions, all of which seemed focused on their own version of Communist Party formation. "By the spring" of 1970, "except for a pocket here or there, RYM was dead".


1969 Sudanese coup d'état
The 1969 Sudanese coup d'état was a successful coup, led by Col. Gaafar Nimeiry, against the government of President Ismail al-Azhari. The coup signaled the end of Sudan's second democratic era, and saw the beginning of Nimeiry's 16 year rule.


1969 Sudanese coup d'état
Nimeiry's government would pursue a radical Arab nationalist and leftist program, bringing in a socialist program for social and economic development, including widespread nationalization of private property. His government would also push for an end to the First Sudanese Civil War, which by 1969 had been ongoing for nearly 14 years. In pursuing peace, the new government pushed for amnesty, and would declare regional autonomy for Southern Sudan on 9 June 1969.


1969 Sudanese coup d'état, Coup
The coup began early on the morning of 25 May, and by 4:00 am the key installations in the Khartoum-Bahri-Omdurman area had been occupied and leading Sudanese Army generals arrested. At 7:00 am, Radio Omdurman broadcast recorded speeches by Nimeiry and Babiker Awadalla, setting out their plans for government. Radio Omdurman would later that morning also broadcast the names of the members of the new Council of Ministers, who had been agreed on 23 May in a meeting between Awadalla and the 6 key officers.


1969 Sudanese coup d'état, Coup
Whilst the composition of the ruling Revolutionary Command Council had been planned in advance, during the course of the day the council's membership was expanded. Whilst his fellow Free Officers were visiting key Army units and Security organisations to ensure their loyalty to the new regime, Nimeiry met with two members of the Free Officers who had voted against the coup at the Officers April meeting; Lt. Col . Babikir al-Nur and Maj. Abu al-Qasim Hashim.


1969 Sudanese coup d'état, Coup
Both had their respective power bases, with al-Nur being the highest-ranking officer associated with the Sudanese Communist Party, and the latter maintaining key links with civilian Arab nationalists and Nasserists. Nimeiry, without consulting with the other coup plotters, decided to bring both individuals into the new government in order to expand its support base. Another officer associated with the communist party, Hashem al Atta, was also brought into the new council. The new council would therefore be composed of not only those who had implemented the coup, but also representatives of the majority block of the Free Officers Movement; which had opposed the coup in April.


1969 Sugar Bowl
The 1969 Sugar Bowl was the 35th edition of the college football bowl game, played at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, on Wednesday, January 1. It featured the fourth-ranked Georgia Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the #9 Arkansas Razorbacks of the Southwest Conference (SWC).


1969 Sugar Bowl
Underdog Arkansas won 16–2, and split end Chuck Dicus was named the outstanding player after catching twelve passes.


1969 Sugar Bowl, Teams, Arkansas
Guard Jim Barnes was a consensus All-American for the Razorbacks in 1968. Bill Burnett's 16 touchdowns scored tied him for eighth-most points scored nationally. The Hogs lost only once, to the #17 Texas Longhorns, 39–29. The Razorbacks and Longhorns thusly shared the Southwest Conference crown for 1968, but Texas received the bid to the Cotton Bowl based upon the head-to-head victory.


1969 Sugar Bowl, Teams, Georgia
Vince Dooley's Georgia Bulldogs went 8–0–2 and won the SEC, only tying Tennessee and Houston. The Bulldogs' ferocious defense was anchored by consensus All-American end Bill Stanfill.


1969 Sugar Bowl, Game summary
Georgia's number-one ranked defense matched up against the ninth-ranked offense of Arkansas on New Year's Day in New Orleans. The first game of a major bowl tripleheader (Rose, Orange) on NBC, it kicked off at 1 pm CST.


1969 Sugar Bowl, Game summary
The first quarter was scoreless; in the second, Arkansas quarterback Bill Montgomery threw a 27-yard touchdown pass to Chuck Dicus, but Georgia got a safety to pull within 7–2. Arkansas kicker Bob White made a 34-yard field goal and the Razorbacks led 10–2 at halftime. After a scoreless third quarter, White kicked field goals of 24 and 31 yards in the fourth quarter to seal the Arkansas win at 16–2.


1969 Sugar Bowl, Game summary
The game had twenty punts (ten each) and eleven turnovers (eight by Georgia).


1969 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath
After twelve years, this was last Sugar Bowl on NBC; it returned to ABC in January 1970.


1969 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath
Arkansas returned to the Sugar Bowl the following year; Georgia's next major bowl was seven years later in the Cotton Bowl, also against Arkansas, and returned to the Sugar Bowl the following year.


1969 Suisse Open Gstaad
The 1969 Suisse Open Gstaad was a combined men's and women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Gstaad, Switzerland. It was the 24thd edition of the tournament, the second in the Open Era, and was held from 22 July through 27 July 1969. Roy Emerson and Françoise Dürr won the singles titles.


1969 Suisse Open Gstaad, Winners, Men's Doubles
Tom Okker /  Marty Riessen defeated  Mal Anderson /  Roy Emerson 6–1, 6–4


1969 Suisse Open Gstaad, Winners, Women's Doubles
Rosie Casals /  Billie Jean King defeated  Françoise Dürr /  Ann Jones 6–1, 6–3


1969 Sulawesi earthquake
The western coast of West Sulawesi was struck by a major earthquake on 23 February 1969 at 00:36 UTC. It had a magnitude of 7.0 Mw and a maximum felt intensity of VIII on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. It triggered a major tsunami that caused significant damage along the coast of the Makassar Strait. At least 64 people were killed, with possibly a further 600 deaths caused by the tsunami.


1969 Sulawesi earthquake, Tectonic setting
Sulawesi lies within the complex zone of interaction between the Australian, Pacific, Philippine and Sunda Plates in which many small microplates are developed. The main active structure onshore in the western part of Central Sulawesi is the left-lateral NNW-SSE Palu-Koro strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between the North Sula and Makassar blocks and was responsible for the destructive Palu earthquake in 2018. According to the interpretation of GPS data, the Makassar block is currently rotating anticlockwise, with its northwestern margin showing convergence with the Sunda block across the Makassar Strait.


1969 Sulawesi earthquake, Tectonic setting
The main structure in that part of Sulawesi is the offshore, north–south trending, moderately east-dipping Makassar Thrust, also known as the Majene Thrust. The GPS data also support the presence of a seismically "locked" fault in the Makassar Strait. Seismic reflection data from the Makassar Strait support the presence of active thrusting west of the Makassar block. The Majene/Kalosi fold and thrust belt is exposed onshore between Majene and Mamuju. The northern part of the Makassar Strait is interpreted as a foreland basin, with its subsidence caused by the loading of this active thrust belt.


1969 Sulawesi earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 Ms, later recalculated to be 7.0 Mw . It was caused by movement on the Majene Thrust, which was also responsible for the 2021 Sulawesi earthquake 52 years later.


1969 Sulawesi earthquake, Earthquake, Tsunami
The earthquake triggered a significant tsunami, with a maximum run-up of 4 m at Peletoang and 1.5 m at both Parosanga and Palipi.


1969 Sulawesi earthquake, Damage
The city of Majene was particularly badly affected, with the foundations of four out of five of tile brick buildings suffering serious effects. Wooden buildings escaped with only minor effects, but unreinforced masonry walls were badly damaged. A number of bridges were damaged beyond repair.


1969 Sulawesi earthquake, Damage
The tsunami caused local flooding, damaging banana plantations along the coast. Many wooden buildings were washed away by the waves. At Majene's harbour, the pier was seriously affected due to the effects of subsidence. Witnesses mention a "roaring sound" just before the tsunami.


1969 Sulawesi earthquake, Damage
At least 64 deaths were reported, with one news story also mentioning another 600 deaths due to the tsunami. A further 97 injuries were also reported.


1969 Sun Bowl
The 1969 Sun Bowl was the 36th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Sun Bowl in El Paso, Texas, on Saturday, December 20. It featured the Georgia Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference and the fourteenth-ranked Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight Conference.


1969 Sun Bowl, Teams, Georgia
Georgia was sixth in the Southeastern Conference; after a 5–1 start, the Bulldogs were winless in their last four games to finish the regular season at 5–4–1. It was their second appearance in the Sun Bowl; they won five years earlier.


1969 Sun Bowl, Teams, Nebraska
The Cornhuskers finished as co-champions of the Big Eight Conference with Missouri after losing to them on October 11. While Missouri went to the Orange Bowl, Nebraska made its  first appearance in the Sun Bowl.


1969 Sun Bowl, Game summary
Ultimately, a favorable wind for one team and a long running quarter proved to be the outlines for victory. Nebraska's Paul Rogers kicked four field goals in the first quarter (50, 32, 42, 37) while also scoring a touchdown run by Jeff Kinney to make it 18–0 by the end of the first quarter. It was later determined by Sun Bowl officials that the first quarter had possibly run too long, in part due to a scoreclock malfunction.


1969 Sun Bowl, Game summary
While Georgia held the Huskers in the second quarter, Nebraska took back control in the third on two touchdowns, one from a Mike Green touchdown reception from Van Brownson, and the other on a Brownson touchdown run. Dan Schneiss made it 38–0 in the fourth on a touchdown plunge of his own. Paul Gilbert scored on a 6-yard touchdown run to get Georgia on the scoreboard. Reserve quarterback Jerry Tagge made the final score 45–6 on his 2-yard touchdown run. For his kicking efforts, Rogers was named MVP. The Huskers forced eight Georgia turnovers: two fumbles and six interceptions.


1969 Sun Bowl, Game summary
Nebraska finished 9–2 and climbed to eleventh in the final AP poll; Georgia fell to 5–5–1.


1969 Sun Bowl, Aftermath
Nebraska won national championships in the next two seasons and this was the first of six straight bowl wins, the last five in major bowls. The Huskers returned to the Sun Bowl in 1980 and Georgia in 1985.


1969 Surinamese general election
General elections were held in Suriname in November 1969. The result was a victory for the VHP bloc (an alliance of the VHP, the Indonesian People's Party and the Action Group), which won 19 of the 39 seats.


1969 Surinamese general election, Results
1 The PNP bloc was an alliance of the Progressive National Party, the Party for National Unity and Solidarity and the Suriname Progressive People's Party.


1969 Swedish Open
The 1969 Swedish Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts held in Båstad, Sweden. It was the 22nd edition of the tournament and was held from 7 July through 13 July 1969. Manuel Santana won the singles title.


1969 Swedish Open, Finals, Doubles
Ilie Năstase /  Ion Țiriac defeated  Manuel Orantes /  Manuel Santana


1969 Swedish football Division 2
Statistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1969 season.


1969 Swedish football Division 3
Statistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1969 season.


1969 Swindon by-election
The Swindon by-election of 30 October 1969 was held after Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Francis Noel-Baker resigned from the House of Commons. The seat was won by the Conservative Party in a defeat for Harold Wilson's government.


1969 Swindon by-election, Background
To defend the seat they had won with a majority of over 10,000 votes at the 1966 general election Labour chose David Stoddart, a member of Reading Borough Council since 1954 and leader of the Labour Party group on that council since 1962. He had previously stood as the Labour candidate for Newbury in the 1959 and 1964 general elections. The Conservatives, who had come second at the last election, chose Christopher Ward, a solicitor and member of Berkshire County Council.


1969 Swindon by-election, Aftermath
This was one of five by-elections held on the same day where Labour were trying to retain a seat that they held. While they held the other four seats, with the exception of Glasgow Gorbals, none of them was a comfortable hold, with Labour's majorities being significantly reduced by the Conservatives. The swing to the Conservatives in Swindon was 12.9%, which was much more than the 4% swing the Conservatives required if they were to win the next general election. This was the 14th seat that Labour had lost in a by-election since the 1966 general election.


1969 Swindon by-election, Aftermath
A report in the following day's The Glasgow Herald argued the Liberal Party's  "big challenge" in Swindon "possibly contributed to Labour's defeat", but also blamed "the Government's neglect of the constituency, having left it vacant since February."


1969 Swindon by-election, Aftermath
At the following year's general election, Stoddart stood again as Labour's candidate and this time defeated Ward with a majority of 5,576 votes.


1969 Swiss referendums
Two referendums were held in Switzerland in 1969. The first was held on 1 June on a federal law on the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology, and was rejected by 66% of voters. The second was held on 14 September 1969 on an amendment to the constitution regarding land law, and was approved by 56% of voters.


1969 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1969 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by 21st-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished with a record of 5–5 and were not invited to a bowl game.


1969 São Paulo FC season
The 1969 football season was São Paulo's 40th season since club's existence.


1969 TANFL season
The 1969 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over nineteen (19) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 5 April and 13 September 1969.


1969 TANFL season, Participating Clubs
Note: North Hobart officially changed their emblem from the Robins to Demons on 1 May 1969, previously they had also been referred to colloquially as the Redlegs.


1969 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, State Preliminary Final
Note: North Hobart (TANFL guernsey) and Latrobe (NWFU guernsey) wore alternate strips due to a guernsey clash.


1969 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, Interstate Matches
See : 1969 Australian Football CarnivalMatch One (Saturday, 7 June 1969)


1969 TANFL season, 1969 TANFL Ladder, Round 5
Note: North Hobart's first official match as the Demons, formerly the Robins.


1969 TANFL season, 1969 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final
Source: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.


1969 TCU Horned Frogs football team
The 1969 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 4–6 overall and 4–3 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Fred Taylor in his third year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.


1969 TVW Channel 7 Le Mans 6 Hour Race
The 1969 TVW Channel 7 Le Mans 6 Hour Race was an endurance race for Open and Closed Sports Cars, Improved Production Touring Cars and Series Production Touring Cars. The event was staged on 2 June 1969 at the Wanneroo Park circuit in Western Australia. It was the 14th Le Mans 6 Hour Race to be held in Western Australia and the first to be held at Wanneroo Park.


1969 TVW Channel 7 Le Mans 6 Hour Race, Results
Note: Cars which were still running at the end of the six hours but covered less than 184 laps (two thirds winner’s distance) were not classified as finishers.


1969 Taiwanese legislative election
The first supplementary elections took place for the National Assembly and the Legislative Yuan in the Republic of China on 20 December 1969. Voter turnout was 54.7% and 55.0% respectively.


1969 Taiwanese legislative election, Background
Between 1949 and 1969 both bodies were composed almost exclusively of delegates elected in 1947 and 1948, when the Government was on the Mainland. After moving to Taiwan the elected position of the representatives of provinces on the mainland in both the National Assembly and the Legislative Yuan was retained under the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion. However the number of delegates began to decline because of old age and attrition.


1969 Taiwanese legislative election, Background
In March 1966 the National Assembly approved regulations to make possible the replacement of retired members by elected members rather than leave the seats vacant or appoint members who had run in the 1948 election unsuccessfully. On 1 July 1969 the President announced a direct election was to be held for 15 new members to the National Assembly and 11 to the Legislative Yuan, all representing Taiwan Province and the special municipality of Taipei.


1969 Taiwanese legislative election, Results
All 15 newly elected members of the National Assembly belonged to the Kuomintang. Of the 11 newly elected members of the Legislative Yuan eight belonged to the Kuomintang and three were independent. All elected were born Taiwanese.


1969 Taiwanese legislative election, Results
The newly elected delegates comprised only about one percent and three percent of the National Assembly and the Legislative Yuan respectively. Still, on the assumption the island was part of China, the election gave Taiwan a greater representation in these legislative organs than was constitutionally justified by its population.


1969 Taiwanese legislative election, Further reading
Copper, John F. and George P. Chen (1984), Taiwan’s Elections. Political Development and Democratization in the Republic of China, Occasional Papers/Reprints Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, no. 5-1984 (64), ISBN 0-942182-66-9


1969 Talladega 500
The inaugural race in the Talladega 500 (now Yellawood 500) series was held on September 14, 1969, at Alabama International Motor Speedway in Talladega, Alabama, USA.


1969 Talladega 500, Background
Talladega Superspeedway – originally known as Alabama International Motor Superspeedway (AIMS) – is a motorsports complex located north of Talladega, Alabama. It is located on the former Anniston Air Force Base in the small city of Lincoln. The track is a tri-oval and was constructed by International Speedway Corporation, a business controlled by the France Family, in the 1960s. Talladega is most known for its steep banking and the unique location of the start/finish line - located just past the exit to pit road. The track currently hosts the NASCAR series such as the Cup Series, Xfinity Series, and the Gander Outdoors Truck Series. Talladega Superspeedway is the longest NASCAR oval with a length of 2.66 miles (4.28 km), and the track at its peak had a seating capacity of 175,000 spectators.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
The race is primarily remembered because all of the NASCAR stars from the Professional Driver Association (PDA), led by Richard Petty, boycotted the race due to tire failures during tire testing.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
During tire testing, drivers reported handling problems on their cars. When checking their tires, drivers noticed that the tires were destroyed. The problem occurred throughout the garage. NASCAR was going through a "tire war" at the time, in which two competing tire manufacturers tried to convince teams and drivers to use their tires because they lasted longer, they gripped firmer, etc. Problems did occur with tire wars, due to tire manufacturers sacrificing safety for the sake of speed and thus, more tire blowouts which led to more injuries.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
Firestone and Goodyear, the two manufacturers that happened to be running in the race, flew in harder compound tires, which made the tires last longer. However, on Thursday, the next day, the same issues still happened, and the tires showed no improvements. The next day, on Friday, the drivers were becoming increasingly angry and frustrated. Firestone decided to pull out of the event and let the drivers pull out of their contracts for the race, allowing them to choose whichever tire they wished to run. However, Goodyear decided to stay, hoping to win the war and prove that their tires were better than Firestone's.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
During all of this, drivers looked towards the PDA, essentially a union, and asked them what they should do. NASCAR president Bill France hated the PDA and unions in his sport (shown by his banning of Curtis Turner's lifetime ban of him trying to start a union in 1961), but couldn't do anything to ban them due to the major publicity it would cause. Instead, France never acknowledged that the PDA even existed. The PDA decided to complain to France about the issues they were having and talk solutions.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
The PDA offered to postpone the race until a tire compound that could withstand the track was made. Bill France refused this idea, partly due to the fact that Alabama International Motor Speedway was barely completed before the race and that France needed his money back as quick as possible. Throughout the garage, drivers talked about what they should do. Some hoped Goodyear could bring a tire soon, some wanted to continue the protests, and some even wanted to boycott the race.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
France would try to calm the drivers down by running a slower pony car than what the drivers had, running about at 160 mph when drivers were hitting much faster speeds. When drivers point out the speed difference, France said to the drivers "Why don't you just run at that speed?" Drivers took this as a major insult, as they thought it undermined what they do, and the fact that someone would break that rule anyway if they ran it.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
Sometime during Friday, France was talking to Bobby Allison and LeeRoy Yarbrough, when France said to Allison "I think you're just afraid to race." Per Allison, LeeRoy from behind swung and hit France in the face, putting him on the ground. LeeRoy would proceed to say to the drivers nearby, "Boys, pack up your stuff, we're leaving." Word quickly spread, and most of the PDA with the exception of Richard Brickhouse (who was coerced by Chrysler to drive their new car), packed up and left. Jim Vandiver and Bobby Isaac, who were not with the PDA, proceed to stay at the speedway.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
Worried that the boycott would adversely affect the fan attendance, Bill France Sr. offered fans free admission to the 1970 Daytona 500 if they bought tickets to this race. France also decided to add that the drivers who ran in the preliminary 400 mile race, running slower cars, could also run in the feature race. On the morning before race day, Goodyear flew in a new set of tires that ran the entire race without failure.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
The race also introduced the Dodge Charger Daytona cars for the first time in the series. Richard Brickhouse won the race, it was his only victory in the Cup Series.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Tires controversy and "The Worst NASCAR Race Ever"
John Hill, Jake Elder, Harry Hyde, and Mack Howard were the most notable crew chiefs to witness the race. The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade.


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Scoring debacle
Ray Fox and Jim Vandiver, whose No. 3 car finished second, were convinced that they actually lapped Brickhouse and won, but the win stood. The radio commentors also thought that Vandiver was in the lead, saying


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Scoring debacle
Commentator 1: "Jim Vandiver in the lead! Here's, uh... Richard Brickhouse getting around Jim Vandiver, as he goes around, so that gives him uh... he's made up one of those laps, Ned. Ned Jarrett: "That should put him back in the same lap with the leaders, Bob."


1969 Talladega 500, Summary, Scoring debacle
Jim Vandiver is livid and contests that he won up until his death. Conspiracy theorists cite the difference in the Dodges as the determining factor since Jim was in an older Charger 500 and Brickhouse was in the brand new, winged Dodge Daytona. Therefore, Chrysler talked Bill France into inventing a scoring error and showed that Brickhouse was the winner.


1969 Tampa Spartans football team
The 1969 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. It was the Spartans' 33rd season. The team was led by head coach Fran Curci, in his second year, and played their home games at Tampa Stadium in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2). The Spartans opened the season with a loss at Akron before they went on an eight-game winning streak. They then closed the season with a loss against Florida A&M in the season finale.


1969 Tangerine Bowl
The 1969 Tangerine Bowl was held on December 26, 1969, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Toledo Rockets of the Mid-American Conference defeated the Davidson Wildcats of the Southern Conference by a score of 56–33. The Tangerine Bowl is a former name of what is now called the Citrus Bowl.


1969 Tangerine Bowl
Heading into the game, the University of Toledo finished their regular season slate with a first-ever perfect 10–0 record. The Rockets also held a #20 Associated Press (AP) national ranking—their first appearance in a national poll. The 1969 Toledo Rockets football team was led by All-American defensive tackle Mel Long and quarterback Chuck Ealey.


1969 Tangerine Bowl
Davidson College, meanwhile, qualified as Southern Conference champions for the first time ever. They finished their regular season with a 7–4 record. The 1969 Tangerine Bowl is still Davidson's only postseason bowl appearance.


1969 Tangerine Bowl
In the game, the Rockets accumulated 324 yards of total offense and scored 42 points in the first half alone. Quarterback Chuck Ealey was voted the game's most valuable back, while his teammate  Dan Crockett was voted most valuable lineman. Ealey ran nine times for 83 yards and threw for 147 yards and three touchdowns on 10-of-13 passing. Don Fair caught four passed for 78 yards while Charles Cole ran 22 times for 152 yards. Toledo finished the season with a #20 national ranking in the final AP Poll.


1969 Targa Florio
The 53° Targa Florio took place on 4 May 1969, on the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, Sicily (Italy).


1969 Targa Florio, Race
For this event Porsche deployed an unparalleled amount of cars: among the factory-backed ones, six new 908/02 and a special 911R; several others were entrusted to privateers, mainly 911 and older prototype-class cars such as the 910 and 907. With Ferrari without suitable cars even for their most loyal teams (such as Scuderia Filipinetti which was forced to use a cumbersome and outdated Lola T70), the only brand that could challenge Porsche was Alfa Romeo which deployed five Tipo 33/2 (including the one with enlarged 2.5L engine already driven by Nino Vaccarella in the 1968 event).


1969 Targa Florio, Race
The event resulted in a one-sided race for the Porsche 908/02 which took first to fourth overall places, followed by an Alfa Romeo, and then by two 907. The local hero Vaccarella, teamed with Andrea de Adamich, had to retire during lap 6 for engine failure.


1969 Tasman Series
The 1969 Tasman Series was a motor racing competition staged in New Zealand and Australia for cars complying with the Tasman Formula. The series, which commenced on 4 January 1969 and ended on 16 February 1969 after seven rounds, was the sixth annual Tasman Series. It was won by Chris Amon, driving a Dino 246 Tasmania.


1969 Tasman Series, Points system
Series points were awarded at each race on the following basis.


1969 Tasman Series, Points system
All points scored by each driver were retained to determine final series placings.


1969 Tasmanian state election
The Tasmanian state election, 1969 was held on 10 May 1969  in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 35 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system — seven members were elected from each of five electorates.


1969 Tasmanian state election
The incumbent Labor Party, which had been in power continuously since 1934, was led by Eric Reece, who had been premier of Tasmania since 1958. The opposition Liberal Party was led by Angus Bethune.


1969 Tasmanian state election
The election resulted in a hung parliament, with the Labor and Liberal parties on 17 seats each (out of 35). The balance of power was held by Kevin Lyons, a former Liberal who had quit the party in 1966 after a dispute over preselection and formed the Centre Party. Lyons approached Bethune with an offer for a coalition government with himself as Deputy Premier. Bethune agreed, allowing him to form government by one seat—thus consigning Labor to opposition for the first time in 35 years.


1969 Tasmanian state election, Results
Tasmanian state election, 10 May 1969House of Assembly << 1964–1972 >>


1969 Tasmanian state election, Aftermath
The Liberal-Centre coalition lasted for one term, with Lyons dissolving the partnership in 1972. The resulting instability triggered an election, which was easily won by Eric Reece and the Labor Party.


1969 Taça de Portugal Final
The 1969 Taça de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1968–69 Taça de Portugal, the 29th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 22 June 1969 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Académica and Benfica. Benfica defeated Académica 2–1 to claim a thirteenth Taça de Portugal.


1969 Telangana Agitation
1969 Telangana Agitation was a political movement for the statehood for Telangana region. The first person to raise the issue of Telangana happened in 1968 during October or November timeframe. A hunger strike was being carried on by a person named Ravindranath on 1969/January/08 in Khammam near the Railway Station. He was on an indefinite fast and his prime demand was to implement Telangana safeguards. One other demand was his insistence on implemention of Gentleman's agreement. It is a major event in Telangana movement. In the indiscriminate police firing, 369 Telangana students were killed.


1969 Telangana Agitation
On 22 December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines. The commission, due to public demand, recommended disintegration of Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi speaking region with Bombay state and Kannada speaking region with Mysore state. The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) discussed the pros and cons of a merger between Telugu speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad state and Andhra state.


1969 Telangana Agitation
Para of369 the SRC report said "The creation of Vishalandhra is an ideal to which numerous individuals and public bodies, both in Andhra and Telangana, have been passionately attached over a long period of time, and unless there are strong reasons to the contrary, this sentiment is entitled to consideration".Discussing the case of Telangana, para 389 of the SRC report said "One of the principal causes of opposition of Vishalandhra also seems to be the apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal areas."


1969 Telangana Agitation
In its final analysis SRC recommended against the immediate merger.


1969 Telangana Agitation
In para 389 it said "After taking all these factors into consideration we have come to the conclusions that it will be in the interests of Andhra as well as Telangana, if for the present, the Telangana area is to constitute into a separate State, which may be known as the Hyderabad State with provision for its unification with Andhra after the general elections likely to be held in or about 1961 if by a two-thirds majority the legislature of the residuary Hyderabad State expresses itself in favor of such unification."


1969 Telangana Agitation
After going through the recommendations of the SRC, the then Home Minister Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant decided to merge Andhra state and Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh state on 1 November 1956 after providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentlemen's agreement.


1969 Telangana Agitation, January–April 1969
In the years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, people of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Discontent intensified in January, when the guarantees that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. All the Andhra employees who migrated to capital city in 1956 will be considered 'local' in 1969 after 12 years of residence per mulki rules. Student agitation for the continuation of the agreement began at Palvancha in Khammam district and spread to other parts of the region. One section of students (which appeared dominant) wanted a separate state of Telangana while the other wanted implementation of safeguards.


1969 Telangana Agitation, January–April 1969
On 19 January, an all party accord was reached to ensure the proper implementation of Telangana safeguards. Accord's main points were


1969 Telangana Agitation, January–April 1969
On 23 January, protests turned violent when a crowd of about 1000 agitators tried to set fire to a Sub-Inspector's residence. This resulted in police firing in which 17 people were injured who were admitted to various hospitals. Meanwhile, certain Andhra employees challenged the transfer orders promised by the all party accord, by filing a petition in the AP high court. On 29 January, Army was called in by the government to maintain law & order as the Agitation quickly turned violent.