1969 Kansas City Royals season, Offseason, 1968 MLB June amateur draft and minor league affiliates
The Royals and Seattle Pilots, along with the two National League expansion teams set to debut in 1969, the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres, were allowed to participate in the June 1968 MLB first-year player draft, although the new teams were barred from the lottery's first three rounds. Despite this impediment, the Royals drafted fifty players in the 1968 June draft, including Iorg and other future major leaguers Lance Clemons (seventh round), Monty Montgomery (ninth) and Paul Splittorff (25th).


1969 Kansas City Royals season, Offseason, 1968 MLB June amateur draft and minor league affiliates
Splittorff would win 166 games for the MLB Royals, including seasons of 20 (1973) and 19 (1978) victories, in a 15-year big-league career, then become a longtime analyst on the team's television crew. The Royals affiliated with three minor league clubs during 1968 to develop drafted players; the rosters were filled out by professional and amateur free agents that had been signed and players loaned from other organizations.


1969 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Kansas City Royals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1969 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Eight Conference during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Pepper Rodgers, the Jayhawks compiled a 1–9 record (0–7 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the Big Eight Conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 290 to 176. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.


1969 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The team's statistical leaders included Phil Basler with 746 passing yards, John Riggins with 662 rushing yards and John Mosier with 339 receiving yards. Emery Hicks was the team captain.


1969 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1969 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Vince Gibson. The Wildcats played their home games in KSU Stadium.


1969 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The team was again led by quarterback Lynn Dickey and finished the season ranked as the top passing offense in the Big Eight Conference for the second straight year. Kansas State also led the Big Eight in rushing defense. Despite the good statistics, 1969 saw the Wildcats finish with an even record of 5–5, and a 3–4 record in the Big Eight. The Wildcats did, however, post the school's first victory over a ranked team, rolling over #11 Oklahoma, 59–21.


1969 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The 1969 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Dave Puddington, the Golden Flashes compiled a 5–5 record (1–5 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 198 to 166. The 1969 season also marked the team's first year in the new Memorial Stadium, later named Dix Stadium. The stadium opened September 13 with a win over the Dayton Flyers, though was not fully completed until 1970.


1969 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The team's statistical leaders included Don Nottingham with 990 rushing yards, Steve Trustdorf with 442 passing yards, and Bob Fello with 222 receiving yards. Three Kent State players were selected as first-team All-MAC players: center Fred Blosser, linebacker Jim Corrigall, and running back Don Nottingham.


1969 Kentucky Derby
The 1969 Kentucky Derby was the 95th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 3, 1969.


1969 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1969 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the Southeastern Conference during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season.


1969 Kenyan general election
General elections were held in Kenya on 6 December 1969, the first since independence in 1963. The country had become a de facto one-party state after President Jomo Kenyatta had banned the Kenya People's Union on 30 October, with Kenyatta's Kenya African National Union being the sole party to participate in the election. Although the post of President of Kenya was due to be elected at the same time as the National Assembly, Kenyatta was the sole candidate and was automatically elected without a vote being held.


1969 Kenyan general election
600 KANU candidates stood for the 158 seats in the newly unicameral National Assembly, with 77 incumbents defeated. Voter turnout was 44.6%. Following the election, a further 12 members were appointed by Kenyatta.


1969 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1969 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 75th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887. The championship began on 8 June 1969 and ended on 19 April 1970.


1969 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
Rower-Inistioge were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Galmoy in the second round.


1969 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 19 April 1970, James Stephens won the championship after an 8-05 to 2-07 defeat of Fenians in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1937.


1969 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship, Format change
At the Kilkenny County Convention on 24 January 1969, it was decided to change the format of the championship by introducing a losers' group for teams defeated in the first round. The winners of the losers' group entered the championship proper at the semi-final stage.


1969 King's Cup
The 1969 King's Cup finals were held from November 19 to November 28, 1969, in Bangkok. This was the second edition of the international football competition. Indonesia were set to defend the championship they won in 1968. In the final, South Korea won the tournament as they defeated the defending champions in the final.


1969 King's Cup
The edition scrapped the Group Allocation stage and was increased to eight teams with seven being national teams and one being a representative side.


1969 LFF Lyga
The 1969 LFF Lyga was the 48th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 17 teams, and Statybininkas Siauliai won the championship.


1969 LPGA Championship
The 1969 LPGA Championship was the fifteenth LPGA Championship, held July 24–27 at Concord Golf Club in Kiamesha Lake, New York. Betsy Rawls won her second LPGA Championship, four strokes ahead of runners-up Carol Mann and Susie Maxwell Berning. She began the final round three strokes behind co-leaders Mann and Marlene Hagge. At age 41, it was Rawls' eighth and final major title; her previous major win was nine years earlier.


1969 LPGA Championship
The purse was increased by 80% over the previous year, to US$36,000 (equivalent to $250,987 in 2019). The record field of 63 players required the championship's first 36-hole cut, which reduced the weekend field to 41 women.


1969 LPGA Tour
The 1969 LPGA Tour was the 20th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 16 to November 2. The season consisted of 29 official money events. Carol Mann won the most tournaments, eight. She also led the money list with earnings of $49,152.


1969 LPGA Tour
There were two first-time winners in 1969: Donna Caponi and JoAnne Carner, who would win 43 LPGA events in her career.


1969 LPGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1969 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1969 LSU Tigers football team
The 1969 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. Despite a 9-1 record, Tigers did not participate in a bowl game after they were shut out of the Cotton Bowl and Sugar Bowl, and refusing overtures from the Bluebonnet, Gator and Peach bowls.


1969 LSU Tigers football team
LSU hoped to appear in the Cotton Bowl, because the winner of the Texas-Arkansas game would be ranked no lower than No. 3 in the Associated Press poll, and quite possibly No. 1. However, when Notre Dame voted to participate in bowl games for the first time since 1924, the Cotton snapped up the Irish. The Sugar Bowl, peeved by a perceived snub from a school just 80 miles away, instead chose Ole Miss, which, despite beating LSU 26-23, was only 7-3.


1969 LSU Tigers football team
As it turned out, Texas ascended to No. 1 after Ohio State lost 24-12 at Michigan. The Longhorns kept their top ranking by defeating archrivals Texas A&M 49-12 and Arkansas 15-14, then knocking off Notre Dame 21-17 in the Cotton Bowl.


1969 LSU Tigers football team
LSU's 20-15 victory over Alabama was its last home win over the Crimson Tide until 2000.


1969 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1969 La Flèche Wallonne was the 33rd edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 20 April 1969. The race started in Liège and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Jos Huysmans of the Dr. Mann team.


1969 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1969 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette placed sixth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and finished last in the Middle Three Conference.


1969 Lafayette Leopards football team
In their third year under head coach Harry Gamble, the Leopards compiled a 4–6 record. Robert Zimmers and Gary Kolarik were the team captains.


1969 Lafayette Leopards football team
In conference play, Lafayette's 1–3 record against MAC University Division opponents was the third-worst in the eight-team circuit, half a game behind Temple (1–2–1). Lafayette lost to both of its Middle Three rivals, Rutgers and conference champion Lehigh.


1969 Lafayette Leopards football team
Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1969 Lake Macquarie state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Lake Macquarie on 19 April 1969. It was triggered by the death of Jim Simpson (Labor).


1969 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team
The 1969 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team represented the Lamar State College of Technology in the 1969 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Southland Conference. The Cardinals played their home games at Cardinal Stadium now named Provost Umphrey Stadium in Beaumont, Texas. The team finished the season with a 3–7 overall record and a 0–4 conference record.


1969 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Venta won the championship.


1969 Leeds City Council election
The Leeds municipal election was held on 8 May 1969, with one third of the councillors up for election. The Conservative incumbent in Armley had defected to Independent Conservative in the interim and hoped to defend it as such.


1969 Leeds City Council election
In contrast to their performance nationally, the Tories fell back upon their peak the previous year, with Labour managing to stabilise their support somewhat. The sole beneficiary (unlike last year, the Communists dropped back to their normal support) were the Liberals, who obtained their largest vote since 1963. In total three seats changed hands, with a spectacular gain in West Hunslet by the Liberals from the Conservatives, another loss of the latter's to Labour in Osmondthorpe, offset a little by a comfortable win back in Armley from their former incumbent.


1969 Leeds City Council election, Election result
The result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:


1969 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1969 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season, and completed the 86th season of Engineers football. Lehigh finished fourth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and won the Middle Three Conference championship.


1969 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1969 team came off a 3–7 record from the previous season. The team was led by coach Fred Dunlap. The team finished the regular season with a 4–5–1 record. Mike Leib and Pete Tomaino were the team captains.


1969 Lehigh Engineers football team
To kick off its conference schedule, Lehigh scored a significant upset against Rutgers, dealing the Scarlet Knights their first loss during college football's centennial season, the 100th anniversary of the 1869 game between Rutgers and Princeton that is considered the sport's first intercollegiate matchup. Dunlap compared the 17-7 victory to Lehigh's best season in recent memory: "We beat Columbia, Colgate and Harvard in 1961, our Lambert Cup year and this is the greatest football triumph for us since then."


1969 Lehigh Engineers football team
The Engineers beat both of their Middle Three rivals, Rutgers and Lafayette, to win the conference championship. The Engineers were 2–2 against MAC University Division opponents, earning fourth place in that conference.


1969 Lehigh Engineers football team
Lehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1969 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill
The Liberal Party of Australia held a leadership spill on 7 November 1969, following the party's poor performance at the federal election on 25 October. Prime Minister John Gorton was re-elected as the party's leader, defeating challengers William McMahon and David Fairbairn.


1969 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, Background
The Liberal–Country coalition lost a combined 16 seats at the 1969 federal election, and the Labor Party (under Gough Whitlam) won the two-party-preferred vote. On 2 November, National Development Minister David Fairbairn announced his intention to challenge Gorton for the leadership of the Liberal Party. He was joined the following day by Treasurer William McMahon, who had been deputy leader since 1966. Deputy Prime Minister John McEwen, the leader of the Country Party, announced that his party was willing to work with any of the three candidates; this lifted the veto he had applied to McMahon at the previous leadership ballot in January 1968.


1969 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, Election
The election on 7 November was set for 10 a.m., but delayed by an hour as five MPs travelling from Melbourne were delayed by a faulty aircraft. With Speaker William Aston presiding, the 65 members of the Liberal partyroom took 49 minutes to elect a leader. Gorton won an absolute majority on the first ballot, but the final results were kept secret, with the ballot papers burnt immediately after being tallied. Alan Reid of The Daily Telegraph estimated Gorton had won 34 votes, while The Canberra Times estimated 38 votes; Gorton's supporters claimed up to 40 votes. The deputy leadership was also declared vacant, and McMahon was re-elected over Immigration Minister Billy Snedden and Postmaster-General Alan Hulme with about 35 votes, with Snedden receiving the majority of the rest.


1969 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, Aftermath
After the challenge, Fairbairn resigned from cabinet and McMahon was demoted to Minister for External Affairs. McMahon challenged Gorton again in March 1971, and was successful.


1969 Liberty Bowl
The 1969 Liberty Bowl, part of the 1969 bowl game season, took place on December 13, 1969, at Memphis Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The competing teams in the 11th edition of the Liberty Bowl were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Colorado Buffaloes, representing the Big Eight Conference. Colorado won the game, 47–33.


1969 Liberty Bowl, Teams, Alabama
The 1969 Alabama squad finished the regular season with losses to Vanderbilt, Tennessee, LSU and Auburn to compile a 6–4 record. Following their victory over Miami, the Crimson Tide accepted an invitation to play in the Liberty Bowl on November 17. The appearance marked the second for Alabama in the Liberty Bowl, and their 23rd overall bowl game.


1969 Liberty Bowl, Teams, Colorado
The 1969 Colorado squad finished the regular season with losses to Penn State, Oklahoma and Nebraska to compile a 7–3 record. Following their victory over Kansas State, the Buffaloes accepted an invitation to play in the Liberty Bowl on November 22. The appearance marked the first for Colorado in the Liberty Bowl, and their fifth overall bowl game.


1969 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
In a game dominated by both offenses, Colorado took a 10–0 first quarter lead. Ward Walsh scored first on a 13-yard touchdown run and Dave Haney connected on a 30-yard field goal for the Buffaloes. Early in the second quarter, Colorado extended their lead to 17–0 after a three-yard Bobby Anderson touchdown run. Alabama responded with touchdown runs of 31-yards from Scott Hunter and six-yards from George Ranager to cut the lead to 17–13. With less than three minutes remaining in the half, Walsh scored again on 15-yard touchdown run.


1969 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
On the ensuing drive, Alabama responded with a two-yard Johnny Musso touchdown run to make the score 24–19. However, the following kickoff was returned 91-yards by Steve Engel to give the Buffaloes a 31–19 lead at the half. In the third, Alabama took their only lead of the game following a pair of Neb Hayden touchdown passes; the first came on a 55-yard reception by Griff Langston and the second on a ten-yard reception by Musso to give the Crimson Tide a 33–31 lead. Colorado then scored 16 fourth quarter points to seal the 47–33 victory with a pair of Anderson touchdown runs and a safety made when Bill Brundige and Herb Orvis sacked Hayden in the endzone.


1969 Libyan coup d'état
The 1969 Libyan coup d'état, also known as the al-Fateh Revolution or the 1 September Revolution, was carried out by the Free Unionist Officers Movement, a group of military officers led by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, which led to the overthrow of King Idris I.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Background
The discovery of significant oil reserves in 1959 and the subsequent income from petroleum sales enabled the Kingdom of Libya to transition from one of the world's poorest nations to a wealthy state. Although oil drastically improved the Libyan government's finances, resentment began to build over the increased concentration of the nation's wealth in the hands of King Idris. This discontent mounted with the rise of Nasserism and Arab nationalism/socialism throughout the Arab world.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Coup
On 1 September 1969, a group of about 70 (mostly Greek-trained) low-ranking young army officers, known as the Free Unionist Officers Movement and enlisted men mostly assigned to the Signal Corps gained control of the government and abolished the Libyan monarchy. According to Gaddafi's biographer, Mano Vignolo, Idris was in Bursa, Turkey, for hot baths with his wife and daughter when the coup began. Then, still ignorant of the coup, he immediately decided to go to Greece. On the contrary, other sources report that Idris was in Kamena Vourla, Greece from the get-go.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Coup
Nevertheless, Konstantinos Plevris, a close associate of the Greek Junta leader Ioannis Ladas and an adviser to the Greek dictator Georgios Papadopoulos, reports that the Junta immediately learned the news from its ministry and it was suggested that they cut off Idris' telecommunications because Gaddafi's coup suited their interests. Cutting contacts, at the time, was a matter of seconds and thus, Idris was blocked from communicating in Greece with the outside world and especially with Libya. The coup was launched at Benghazi; and, within two hours, it was completed.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Coup
Army units quickly rallied in support of the coup and, within a few days, military control was established in Tripoli and elsewhere throughout the country. Popular reception of the coup, especially by younger people in the urban areas, was enthusiastic. Fears of resistance in Cyrenaica and Fezzan proved unfounded. No deaths or violent incidents related to the coup were reported.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Coup
The Free Officers Movement, which claimed credit for carrying out the coup, was headed by a twelve-member directorate that designated itself the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). This body constituted the Libyan government after the coup. In its initial proclamation on 1 September, the RCC declared the country to be a free and sovereign state called the Libyan Arab Republic, which would proceed "in the path of freedom, unity, and social justice, guaranteeing the right of equality to its citizens, and opening before them the doors of honourable work." The rule of the Turks and Italians and the "reactionary" government which were overthrown were characterised as belonging to "dark ages", from which the Libyan people were called to move forward as "free brothers" to a new age of prosperity, equality, and honour.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Coup
The RCC advised diplomatic representatives in Libya that the revolutionary changes had not been directed from outside the country, that existing treaties and agreements would remain in effect, and that foreign lives and property would be protected. Diplomatic recognition of the new government came quickly from countries throughout the world. United States recognition was officially extended on 6 September.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Post-coup events
In view of the lack of internal resistance, it appeared that the chief danger to the new government lay in the possibility of a reaction inspired by the absent King Idris or his designated heir, Hasan ar Rida, who had been taken into custody at the time of the coup along with other senior civil and military officials of the royal government. Within days of the coup, however, Hasan publicly renounced all rights to the throne, stated his support for the new government, and called on the people to accept it without violence.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Post-coup events
Idris, in an exchange of messages with the RCC through Egypt's President Nasser, dissociated himself from reported attempts to secure British intervention and disclaimed any intention of coming back to Libya. In return, he was assured by the RCC of the safety of his family still in the country. At his own request and with Nasser's approval, Idris took up residence once again in Egypt, where he had spent his first exile and where he remained until his death in 1983.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Post-coup events
On 7 September 1969, the RCC announced that it had appointed a cabinet to conduct the government of the new republic. An American-educated technician, Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi, who had been imprisoned since 1967 for his political activities, was designated prime minister. He presided over the eight-member Council of Ministers, of whom six, like Maghrabi, were civilians and two – Adam Said Hawwaz and Musa Ahmad – were military officers. Neither of the officers was a member of the RCC.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Post-coup events
The Council of Ministers was instructed to "implement the state's general policy as drawn up by the RCC". The next day the RCC promoted Captain Gaddafi to colonel and appointed him commander-in-chief of the Libyan Armed Forces. Although RCC spokesmen declined until January 1970 to reveal any other names of RCC members, it was apparent from that date onward that the head of the RCC and new de facto head of state was Gaddafi.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Post-coup events
Analysts were quick to point out the striking similarities between the Libyan military coup of 1969 and that in Egypt under Nasser in 1952, and it became clear that the Egyptian experience and the charismatic figure of Nasser had formed the model for the Free Officers Movement. As the RCC in the last months of 1969 moved to institute domestic reforms, it proclaimed neutrality in the confrontation between the superpowers and opposition to all forms of colonialism and imperialism.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Post-coup events
It also made clear Libya's dedication to Arab unity and to the support of the Palestinian cause against Israel. The RCC reaffirmed the country's identity as part of the "Arab nation" and its state religion as Islam. Parliamentary institutions from the kingdom were dissolved with legislative functions being assumed by the RCC, and the prohibition against political parties was continued, in effect from 1952.


1969 Libyan coup d'état, Post-coup events
The new government categorically rejected communism – in large part because it was atheist – and officially espoused an Arab interpretation of socialism that integrated Islamic principles with social, economic, and political reform.


1969 Libyan coup d'état attempt
Having taken power in a coup three months earlier, Muammar Gaddafi faced a mutiny by army and interior ministers Moussa Ahmed and Adam Hawaz, both from the eastern Barqa region. The pair were routed and imprisoned in the first of Gaddafi's many survivals.


1969 Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito season
Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 1969 season was the club's 39th year of existence, the 16th year in professional football, and the 10th in the top level of professional football in Ecuador.


1969 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1969 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 75th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.


1969 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Claughaun were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Patrickswell in the second round.


1969 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
On 5 October 1969, Patrickswell won the championship after a 0-17 to 2-03 defeat of Pallasgreen in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.


1969 Little League World Series
The 1969 Little League World Series took place between August 18 and August 23 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Taichung Little League of Taichung City, Taiwan, defeated the Briarwood Little League of Santa Clara, California, in the championship game of the 23rd Little League World Series.


1969 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 8 May 1969.


1969 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results
The Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1966 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1966 election results.


1969 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 55th running of Liège-Bastogne-Liège classic cycling race in Belgium was held on 22 April 1969. Eddy Merckx won the race, his first of five victories in the monument classic.


1969 Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Summary
Five riders were in an early breakaway, two of which were teammates of Eddy Merckx, the young Belgian who had already won every major classic in the spring of 1969, apart from Paris–Roubaix. At 98 km from the finish, Merckx broke clear from the pack on the Stockeu and combined with his two teammates Roger Swerts and Vic Van Schil in the front of the race. Swerts was dropped, and Merckx and Van Schil powered on to Liège, with Merckx doing most of the work. Merckx wanted to give the victory to his teammate, but Van Schil insisted Merckx should win. Britain's Barry Hoban won the sprint for third place, trailing eight minutes behind Merckx and Van Schil.


1969 Long Beach State 49ers football team
The 1969 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented California State College, Long Beach during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season.


1969 Long Beach State 49ers football team
This was Cal State Long Beach's first year in the University Division and was the inaugural season for the Pacific Coast Athletic Association. The team was led by head coach Jim Stangeland, in his first year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season second in the conference with a record of eight wins and three losses (8–3, 3–1 PCAA).


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1969 Los Angeles Dodgers finished in fourth place in the new National League Western Division, eight games behind the Atlanta Braves. The Dodgers' record for 1969 was 85–77, which was nine wins better than 1968.


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Regular season
After finishing 8th in 1967 and 7th in 1968, the Dodgers looked to improve in 1969 with the addition of youngsters Ted Sizemore, Bill Sudakis, and by obtaining Tom Haller in a trade. The Dodgers started fast and on June 10, they were in 2nd place at 31–22, 1 game back in a wild 5 team N.L. West race. On June 11, they reacquired Maury Wills in a trade, and obtained Manny Mota in the same deal for Ron Fairly and Paul Popovich.


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Regular season
By July 16, they were in 1st place, and after beating the Mets on September 3, they were in second place, 1 game back. Centerfielder Willie Davis had just extended his club record 31 game hitting streak. They headed to San Diego to face the expansion Padres in a 4-game series and disaster struck. They scored 4 runs in 4 games, lost 4 in a row, and Davis had his hitting streak stopped in the first game. They left San Diego in 4th place, still only 2½ games out.


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Regular season
They rebounded somewhat, and when they beat the Atlanta Braves on September 18, they were one-half game behind co-leaders Atlanta and the San Francisco Giants as they headed to San Francisco. The pressure of the season long five team pennant race got to this young team, as they lost 10 of their next 11 games, ultimately finishing 85–77, 8 games behind division winning Atlanta.


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Regular season, Impact
While they did not win the division, the 1969 Dodgers marked the start of a turnaround for the franchise. After finishing 8th and 7th in 1967 and 1968 respectively, they would not finish in the bottom half of the standings again until 1984. Ted Sizemore won the rookie of the year award, and other youngsters like Steve Garvey, Bill Russell, Von Joshua, Bobby Valentine, and Bill Buckner contributed in back up roles. Waiting in the wings in the minors were Ron Cey, Davey Lopes, Tom Paciorek, and manager Tommy Lasorda.


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, 1969 Major League Baseball Draft
This was the fifth year of a Major League Baseball Draft. The Dodgers drafted 47 players in the June draft and 11 in the January draft.


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, 1969 Major League Baseball Draft
The Dodgers first round selection in the June draft, High School Catcher Terry McDermott did make it to the Majors, in 1972, but played only 9 games.


1969 Los Angeles Dodgers season, 1969 Major League Baseball Draft
The only player from this draft class who made any impact in the Majors was Lee Lacy, who was drafted twice this year... as a third baseman in the January draft and as a pitcher in the June draft. He was primarily an outfielder in the Majors, and played through 1987 with the Dodgers, Braves, Pirates and Orioles.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1969 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 32nd year with the National Football League and the 24th season in Los Angeles. This season saw the Rams attempting to improve on their 10-3-1 record from 1968, in which they barely missed the playoffs by a game. The Rams improved on that record by a mere game, finishing 11-3 and winning the Coastal Division and qualifying for the playoffs. However, in their first playoff game, they lost a close battle with the Minnesota Vikings 23-20 in the conference playoff game. They would remain the only team in NFL history to go 11-0 and lose three consecutive games afterwards until it came time for the Steelers in 2020 to do the same thing.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Summary
In 1967 and 1968, the Rams and Colts waged season long battles for the Coastal Division title, with the Rams winning on the season's final day in 1967 and the Colts clinching on the next to last week of the season in 1968. 1969 was expected to be no different, thus the opening game in Baltimore vs. the Colts would be a big one. The Colts were coming off a 13–1 season in 1968, but had been upset in Super Bowl III by the New York Jets.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Summary
In the opener in Baltimore, the Rams, aided by four Colts' turnovers, came back from a 20–17 deficit to win 27–20 and immediately get the upper hand in the division race. Week after week, the Rams continued to win, although they got a scare in a 27–21 week 4 win in San Francisco and a 9–7 week 6 win in Chicago vs. the Bears. After 8 weeks the Rams were 8–0–0. Meanwhile, the Colts, affected by age and injuries, were 5–3, including a 52–14 loss in week 2 vs. Minnesota. In week 9, the Rams survived a comeback attempt by the Eagles in a 23–17 win, while the Colts lost for the 2nd time in the season to the San Francisco 49ers (who won only 4 games all year).


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Summary
Week 10 featured a showdown between the 9–0 Rams and the 8–1 Dallas Cowboys. The Rams won a thriller 24–23, aided in part by a Bob Hayes fumble while he was running untouched in the clear and seemingly headed for a touchdown (the Cowboys recovered but had to settle for a field goal). The following week the Rams clinched the division title with a 24–13 win in Washington vs. the Redskins. With 3 games left, the Rams were 11–0 and the Colts were 7–4.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Summary
Week 12 was another showdown, this time between the 11–0 Rams and the 10–1 Vikings, who had lost their opener and then won 10 straight (and, like the Rams, already had clinched their division). The Rams dream of an undefeated season was dashed in a 20–13 loss to Minnesota, in a game that was not as close as the score indicated.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Summary
Coach George Allen decided to rest a lot of his older veterans in weeks 13 and 14 (back then home field advantage in the playoffs was rotated and not determined by best record, so the Rams knew they would open the playoffs in Minnesota regardless of their record) and the Rams lost in a Detroit snowstorm to the Lions, 28–0, and then they dropped a 13–7 game to the Colts in the final game.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Playoffs
The Rams ventured into a cold weather venue (Bloomington, Minnesota) just as they had in 1967 when they dropped a 28–7 game to the Packers in Milwaukee. This time they faced the 12–2 Vikings who had beaten the Rams in L.A. in week 12. But the Rams started off well and led 17–7 at halftime. However, they were stopped inside the 5-yard line and had to settle for a field goal; otherwise the lead would have been 21–7.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Regular season, Playoffs
The Vikings cut the lead to 17–14 but the Rams mounted a responding drive of their own but again were stopped inside the 5-yard line and had to settle for a field goal to lead 20–14. Led by the passing and running of Joe Kapp, the Vikings took the lead 21–20, and then sacked Gabriel in the end zone for a safety and a 23–20 lead late in the 4th quarter. The Rams forced a Viking punt and began to March down field in the final minute when Gabriel was intercepted near midfield, ensuring the Vikings win.


1969 Los Angeles Rams season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1969 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1969 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on April 1, 1969, with a run-off election on May 27, 1969. Incumbent Sam Yorty was re-elected.


1969 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 1969 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. In their third year under head coach Maxie Lambright, the team compiled an 8–2 record, were Gulf States Conference champions, and lost to East Tennessee State in the Grantland Rice Bowl.


1969 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1969 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Lee Corso, the Cardinals compiled an 5–4–1 record (2–3 against conference opponents) and were outscored by a total of 273 to 206.


1969 Louisville Cardinals football team
The team's statistical leaders included Gary Inman with 843 passing yards, Lee Bouggess with 1,064 rushing yards and 36 points scored, and Cookie Brinkman with 357 receiving yards.


1969 Louth by-election
The Louth by-election, 1969 was a by-election held on 4 December 1969 for the British House of Commons constituency of Louth in Lincolnshire.


1969 Louth by-election
The seat had become vacant on the death on 31 August of the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Cyril Osborne. He had held the seat since the 1945 general election.


1969 Louth by-election
The result was a victory for the Conservative candidate Jeffrey Archer. Archer held the seat until the October 1974 general election, when he stepped down due to financial difficulties and began writing popular novels.


1969 Maccabiah Games
At the 8th Maccabiah Games in 1969, 1,450 athletes from 27 countries competed in 22 sports.


1969 Maccabiah Games
Germany and Greece sent teams for the first time since the 1935 Games.


1969 Maccabiah Games, History
The Maccabiah Games were first held in 1932. In 1961, they were declared a "Regional Sports Event" by, and under the auspices and supervision of, the International Olympic Committee.


1969 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
Tal Brody, having moved from the U.S. to Israel, captained the Israeli basketball team to a gold medal over the United States, which had on its team Ronald Green, Steve Kaplan, Andrew Hill, Eric Minkin, and Neal Walk.


1969 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
Israeli Olympian Shaul Ladany won gold medals in the 3-km walk (13.35.4), the 10-km walk, and the 50-km walk.


1969 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
Esther Roth of Israel won the long jump with a 19-foot, 3/4 inch (5.81 meter) jump.


1969 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
David Berger, an American, won a gold medal in the middleweight weight-lifting contest. He later represented Israel in the 1972 Summer Olympics, but was one of the 11 Israeli sportsmen killed by Arab terrorists in the Munich Massacre.


1969 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists
In tennis, Julie Heldman, who was ranked # 2 in the US, won the Women's Singles, the Women's Doubles with Marilyn Aschner, and the Mixed Doubles with Ed Rubinoff. Bruce Fleisher of the US won gold medals in both individual and team golf.


1969 Maccabiah Games, Participating communities
The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that community contributed.


1969 Macdonald Brier
The 1969 Macdonald Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship was held March 3–7 at the Oshawa Civic Auditorium in Oshawa, Ontario.


1969 Macdonald Brier
The Ron Northcott rink representing Alberta won their third title, having gone undefeated. It was the first time a team had gone undefeated since 1957. It was also the 11th title for Alberta.


1969 Macdonald Brier
British Columbia were runners-up, with an impressive 9-1 record, which was usually good enough to win. Both Saskatchewan and Prince Edward Island tied for third place at 7-3 records. It was tied for the best ever result for PEI, which also finished third the previous year.


1969 Macdonald Brier, Teams
Skip : Harold Mabey Jr.Third: Ed SteevesSecond: Harold KeithLead: Grant MacMellon


1969 Macdonald Brier, Teams
Skip : Bill PierceyThird: Frank M. StentSecond: Thomas A. WarrenLead: William C. Roy


1969 Macdonald Brier, Teams
Skip : Earl CarsonThird: Doug StuartSecond: Alan R. SullyLead: Ed Wood


1969 Madrid Grand Prix
The 1969 Madrid Grand Prix was a Formula One non-championship race held at Jarama, Madrid on 13 April 1969, run over 40 laps of the circuit. The field only included two Formula One cars, however, the remainder being Formula 5000 and Formula Two cars.


1969 Madrid Grand Prix
The entrants included Max Mosley, later to become president of the FIA, who drove a Formula Two Lotus.


1969 Madrid Grand Prix
The fastest combination in the event was clearly Peter Gethin in his F5000 McLaren-Chevrolet, but after an engine failure on the last lap, it was left to Keith Holland to take the victory, with the rest of the field at least a lap down. Contemporary reports listed Tony Dean (BRM P261) as finishing second having completed 39 out of 40 laps. However, Gethin broke down on lap 40 and some later reports classify him as second.


1969 Madrid Grand Prix, Qualifying
Note: a blue background indicates a Formula 5000 entrant and a pink background indicates a Formula Two entrant.


1969 Maghreb Athletics Championships
The 1969 Maghreb Athletics Championships was the third edition of the international athletics competition between the countries of the Maghreb. Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco were the competing nations. Organised by the Union des Fédérations d'Athlétisme du Maghreb Uni (Union of Athletics Federations of the United Maghreb), it took place on 24 and 25 July in Tripoli, Libya. It was the first time that Libya competed at the competition. A total of 33 athletics events were contested, 22 for men and 11 for women.


1969 Maghreb Athletics Championships
The tournament was evenly contested, with Morocco topped the medal table with ten gold medals. Tunisia were a close second with nine golds, while Algeria and Libya each took seven gold medals. It was the last time that the 80 metres hurdles featured on the programme, being replaced by the international standard 100 metres hurdles from 1970 onwards. Morocco's Malika Hadky had a sprint triple, winning the 100, 200 and 400 metres events. Three men managed individual doubles: Mohammed Gammoudi won both long-distance races; Jadour Haddou was a double middle-distance champion; and Youcef Boulfelfel added a triple jump title to his pentathlon crown.


1969 Magyar Kupa
The 1969 Magyar Kupa (English: Hungarian Cup) was the 30th season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition.


1969 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1969 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Walter Abbott, the team compiled a 5–4 record (3–2 against conference opponents) and tied for second out of six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. Paul Dulac was the team captain.


1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 40th midseason exhibition between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was played in the afternoon on Wednesday, July 23, at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium in Washington, D.C. and resulted in a 9–3 victory for the National League. Steve Carlton was the winning pitcher while Mel Stottlemyre was the losing pitcher.


1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The game was originally scheduled for the evening of Tuesday, July 22, but heavy rains forced its postponement to the following afternoon. The 1969 contest remains the last All-Star Game to date to be played earlier than prime time in the Eastern United States.


1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
President Richard Nixon originally planned to attend the Tuesday night game and throw out the first ball, and then depart for the splashdown of Apollo 11 in the Pacific Ocean. But with the game's postponement until Wednesday afternoon, Nixon missed the game altogether and Vice President Spiro Agnew attended instead.


1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
After scoring in the first inning on an error, the National League made it 3–0 in the second inning against AL starter Mel Stottlemyre on a two-run homer by Reds' catcher Johnny Bench. Denny McLain was scheduled as the American League starter, but was late arriving to the stadium (via his own airplane) and pitched later in the game.


1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
Five more runs came across for the NL in the third inning, Blue Moon Odom of Oakland surrendering all. Willie McCovey's two-run homer and back-to-back doubles by Félix Millán and pitcher Steve Carlton were the key blows.


1969 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
McCovey added another home run in the fourth, and was voted the game's most valuable player.


1969 Major League Baseball draft
The 1969 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft took place prior to the 1969 MLB season. The draft featured future Hall of Famers Bert Blyleven (pick 55) and Dave Winfield (pick 882).


1969 Major League Baseball draft, First round selections
The following are the first round picks in the 1969 Major League Baseball draft.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion
The 1969 Major League Baseball expansion resulted in the establishment of expansion franchises in Kansas City and Seattle in the American League and in Montreal and San Diego in the National League of Major League Baseball. The Kansas City Royals, Montreal Expos, San Diego Padres, and Seattle Pilots began play in the 1969 Major League Baseball season. One of the reasons for expansion was increasing pressure to maintain the sport as the US national pastime, particularly because of the increasing popularity of professional football.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion
As a result of expansion, the American and National Leagues reorganized. Each league was split into two divisions, forming the American League East, American League West, National League East, and National League West.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion
Other candidate cities that were considered in 1967 included Buffalo, Dallas–Fort Worth, and Milwaukee. The latter two were rejected because they were close to cities that already had a Major League Baseball team (Houston and Chicago, respectively). In May 1966, Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert stated that cities that should be considered for expansion included Milwaukee (the Milwaukee Braves had moved to Atlanta before the 1966 season), New Orleans, Oakland, San Diego, Seattle, and Toronto, and that expansion would occur in "eight to 10 years;" he subsequently stated that the leagues could expand "any time after two years". By August, Major League Baseball had plans to expand to two 12-team leagues by 1970, and had squelched the possibility of a third league, such as the Continental League proposed in 1959 or the proposal made in August 1968 by Ron Plaza consisting of an Eastern, Central, and Western League.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League
In 1960, the American League conducted a survey to determine potential expansion cities. The list included Atlanta, Buffalo, Dallas–Fort Worth, Denver, Oakland, San Diego, Seattle, and Toronto.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Kansas City Royals
Kansas City had been the home to the Kansas City Athletics from 1955, when the team moved from Philadelphia, to 1967, after which the team moved to Oakland. For several years, owner Charlie Finley had threatened to leave the city: in May and September 1962 to Dallas–Fort Worth; in January 1964 he signed a contract with the state of Kentucky to move the team to Louisville and rename the team Kentucky Athletics; and in February 1964 he wanted to move the team to Oakland. A committee of American League owners denied his requests.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Kansas City Royals
In October 1967, with the team's lease at Municipal Stadium expired, Finley once again proposed to move the franchise to Oakland, this time at the owners' meetings in Chicago. During the first ballot of the committee of American League owners on October 18, he received six supporting votes, one opposing vote (from the Baltimore Orioles), and the Cleveland Indians, New York Yankees, and Washington Senators abstained from voting.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Kansas City Royals
American League president Joe Cronin requested a second ballot, in which the New York Yankees were the only team to change their status, opting to support the move and giving Finley "the seven votes necessary to move the team". In a press release, Cronin announced the move and promised to expand the league by two more clubs no later than 1971. The Oakland Athletics began play in the 1968 Major League Baseball season.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Kansas City Royals
Cronin conveyed the news to Kansas City mayor Ilus Davis and Stuart Symington, a US Senator from Missouri. Cronin had thought that the compromise to install a new team by 1971 would be acceptable to them as compensation for the loss of the Athletics. Instead, Symington threatened to challenge Major League Baseball's antitrust exemption with federal legislation, and to also challenge the reserve clause. Davis threatened a lawsuit to block the move.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Kansas City Royals
Tom Yawkey arranged a meeting of the owners still at the convention, during which the league agreed to accelerate the expansion process and assured that Kansas City would be granted a new franchise to begin play no later than the 1969 season. This would require another franchise to be established at the same time to ensure the league had an even number of teams for a balanced schedule.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Kansas City Royals
On the floor of the United States Senate on October 19, Symington described Finley as "one of the most disreputable characters ever to enter the American sports scene" and said that "Oakland is the luckiest city since Hiroshima".


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Kansas City Royals
Ewing Kauffman won rights to the franchise, and paid a $5.5 million expansion fee for the Royals, which played games at Municipal Stadium until the end of the 1972 season, after which the team moved to Royals Stadium, now known as Kauffman Stadium.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Seattle Pilots
By the 1960s, with Seattle's population growing, the city became the largest to host a Pacific Coast League team, the Seattle Rainiers. The league's stature also declined with the move of the Brooklyn Dodgers to Los Angeles and the New York Giants to San Francisco, which caused those cities' PCL teams to relocate to much smaller markets. In 1964, the city purchased Sick's Stadium for $1.1 million. In 1965, the Rainiers were sold to the Los Angeles Angels, who renamed the team the Seattle Angels.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Seattle Pilots
The city made several attempts to lure a Major League Baseball team. In 1964, William R. Daley visited the city when searching for a new home for the Cleveland Indians. He was unimpressed with the stadium, citing it as the primary reason to terminate his quest to move his team. Charlie Finley also found the stadium inadequate during a 1967 visit, and so rejected Seattle as a potential target for moving the Kansas City Athletics.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Seattle Pilots
Because of this, the city instead tried to lobby for an expansion franchise at the 1967 owners' meetings in Chicago. The delegation also had support from two US Senators, Henry M. Jackson and Warren Magnuson, the latter of whom was the chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, a committee which has "jurisdiction over the major league's business activities". Coupled with Symington's threats related to the move of the Kansas City Athletics, the political influence swayed the American League owners. However, they were reluctant to expand in 1969 without a Seattle stadium bond issue. The Seattle delegation assured the owners that Sick's Stadium could be renovated in five months to fulfill the minimum requirements until a new stadium was built; with this, the owners agreed to a 1969 expansion, and approved teams in Kansas City and Seattle.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, American League, Seattle Pilots
In December 1967 at the Winter Meetings in Mexico City, the franchise was officially awarded to Pacific Northwest Sports, which received $5.5 million in funding from Daley, who thus had 47% ownership of the venture. Other owners included Max and Dewey Soriano. The award was contingent on renovation of Sick's Stadium to increase its seating capacity from 11,000 to 30,000 by the start of the 1969 season. The Sorianos persuaded notable athletes to advocate for the $40 million King County stadium bond issue, including baseball players Mickey Mantle, Carl Yastrzemski, and Joe DiMaggio, and football player Y. A. Tittle; the bond issue was approved by 62.3% of the electorate.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League
The National League had received applications for an expansion franchise from Buffalo, Dallas–Fort Worth, Milwaukee, Montreal, San Diego, and Toronto as well as an informal bid from Denver.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
Montreal had a long history of interest in baseball. The sport became increasingly popular in eastern North America in the 1850s and 1860s, and Montreal "became a special hotbed", so much so that by the early 1860s Montreal authorities banned play in city parks and streets for public safety.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
Minor league baseball became a presence in the city. In 1946, the Montreal Royals, a Triple-A team affiliated with the Brooklyn Dodgers of Major League Baseball, became the first team having any affiliation to MLB to break baseball's colour barrier. Jackie Robinson, who had been signed to a contract by Branch Rickey in late 1945, played the entire season for the International League team. He and teammates Roy Partlow and Johnny Wright were the first black players in the league since the 1880s. The next year, Robinson became the first black player to play for a Major League Baseball team. In 1951 in Farnham, a town east of Montreal, Sam Bankhead became the first black manager in Minor League Baseball; he was a player-manager for the Farnham Pirates of the Provincial League that year.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
Montreal City Councilor Gerry Snyder spoke to Ford Frick sometime after the 1962 Major League Baseball expansion, during which he was told Montreal would not receive an expansion franchise unless it had a stadium in which to contest matches. At the Winter Meetings in Mexico City on December 2, 1967, Snyder presented a proposal to Major League Baseball owners to establish a franchise in the city. Several influential owners pledged their support for a Montreal franchise in that meeting, including Walter O'Malley, Roy Hofheinz, and John Galbreath. Certain that Hofheinz would object to a Dallas–Fort Worth bid and that the San Diego bid was near certain to be successful, Snyder deemed a bid from Buffalo to be the strongest bid against which to compete.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
On 27 May 1968, the National League officially awarded a franchise to Montreal to commence play in the 1969 season. National League president Warren Giles had encouraged the owners during the meeting, stating "If we're going to expand, let's really spread it out". The Montreal Expos became the first franchise to be awarded to a city outside the United States. When the news reached Congress, members collectively condemned the decision.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
Because of the slow pace of progress in meeting commitments, Jean-Louis Lévesque withdrew his financial support in the franchise on July 31, 1968. Snyder quickly found another investor, Charles Bronfman, and the team met the deadline of 15 August for the initial $1.1 million installment, before which Jarry Park was selected as the team's stadium for the short term. Renovations to the park were made by adding uncovered bleacher seats along the right and left field lines, and an electronic scoreboard installed beyond right field.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
The team had some issues committing to a new stadium, as required by the franchise award, and it was said that the team had agreed to build a dome at the Autostade and use it as their stadium if a new stadium was not built by 1970. It had originally intended to lease the stadium and expand its seating capacity from 26,000 to 37,000, but then chose Jarry Park instead.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
The ownership group paid $12.5 million for the team. John McHale was hired as the team's first president, and Jim Fanning its first general manager. Many names had been considered for the team, including Royals which had a strong association with the city, but the name had already been adopted by the new Kansas City franchise. After rejecting various options, including "Voyageurs" and "Nationals", the name Expos was chosen in honour of Expo 67 and because it was the same in both of the city's official languages. McHale stated that the name would "help Montreal be identified properly as the city that gave the world Expo 67".


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, Montreal Expos
The New York Daily mistakenly reported that Buffalo had been awarded a franchise instead of Montreal.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, San Diego Padres
On May 27, 1968, the National League officially awarded a franchise to San Diego to commence play in the 1969 season for a fee of $12.5 million for the team.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, National League, San Diego Padres
Buzzie Bavasi was hired as president of the team after he resigned as general manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Expansion draft
In order to stock the roster of each team, a draft was held in which each of the extant teams would make available to the expansion franchises some of the players on their major league and minor league rosters. Each expansion team selected 30 players in the draft, and each of the extant teams lost six players. The extant teams were allowed to protect 15 players in their organization from the draft. After each player lost, another three players could be protected. The extant teams were not informed of the draft selections of the expansion teams until the draft was complete.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Expansion draft
On October 14, 1968, the Montreal Expos and San Diego Padres drafted players exclusively from National League teams. The draft was conducted from the Windsor Hotel in Montreal, in which four rooms were reserved: one for the Expos, one for the Padres, one for the remaining 10 teams, and one in which draft selections were made. The Padres won a coin flip, and so had the first selection, which they used to draft Ollie Brown from the San Francisco Giants. Montreal's first selection was Pittsburgh Pirates utility player Manny Mota. Selections were made by general manager Jim Fanning and manager Gene Mauch for Montreal, and general manager Buzzie Bavasi and manager Preston Gómez for San Diego.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Expansion draft
On 15 October, the Kansas City Royals and Seattle Pilots drafted players exclusively from American League teams. The draft was conducted in Boston, at the Sheraton Hotel.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
Because Buffalo was not awarded an expansion franchise, Erie County legislators reconsidered a $50 million bond issue that was to be used for the construction of a domed stadium for baseball and football. The applicants that submitted a bid for Dallas–Fort Worth claimed that Roy Hofheinz, owner of the Houston Astros, had blocked their bid in order to preserve Houston's radio and television broadcast revenue. Chicago White Sox owner Arthur Allyn, Jr. complained about his team being in the same division as two expansion franchises.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
The addition of four teams resulted in the reconfiguration of the leagues; each was split into an east and a west division. The American League announced its realignment into two divisions on 28 May 1968; the American League East would consist of the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees and Washington Senators, and the American League West would consist of the California Angels, Chicago White Sox, Kansas City Royals, Minnesota Twins, Oakland Athletics, and Seattle Pilots.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
The National League originally resisted a divisional split, with its president Warren Giles citing "the tradition and history of baseball". By July 10, the National League owners had agreed to a divisional split, in which the National League East would consist of the Chicago Cubs, Montreal Expos, New York Mets, Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, and St. Louis Cardinals, and the National League West would consist of the Atlanta Braves, Cincinnati Reds, Houston Astros, Los Angeles Dodgers, San Diego Padres, and San Francisco Giants.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
Game scheduling issues had to be resolved; league-wide, there would be 1,944 games compared to 1,232 for the 1968 Major League Baseball season. The American League had considered decreasing the number of games played by each team to 152 or 156 from 162 that had been played each season since 1961,  and the National League either 162 or 165 games, but the leagues agreed to a 162-game schedule in a meeting on 10 July 1968. Each team would play 18 games against divisional opponents, and 12 games against league opponents in the other division. A best-of-five post-season playoff series between league division winners was also introduced.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
The Kansas City Royals have been the most successful of the four 1969 expansion teams. The franchise fielded competitive teams in the 1970s and 1980s and won the 1985 World Series. After a 29-year postseason drought, the Royals returned to postseason play in the 2014 season, before winning their second World Series title in 2015.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
The San Diego Padres had nine consecutive losing seasons, and have since made the playoffs five times. The Padres twice made the World Series in 1984 and 1998, but lost both appearances.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
The Montreal Expos had good attendance for the 1969 season, and after having losing records for ten years, were competitive in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its 1994 season put it in first place before the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike prematurely ended the season. The team's fortunes declined thereafter, and the team moved to Washington, D.C. for the 2005 season, becoming the Washington Nationals. The franchise went 50 years without winning a playoff series until 2019, when the Nationals won the NLDS over the Los Angeles Dodgers. They went onto sweep the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLCS, and defeat the Houston Astros to win the franchise's first World series title.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
The Seattle Pilots fared worst of the four expansion franchises, playing only in the 1969 season. The team fared poorly on the field, and faced financial difficulties owing to no television coverage, a stadium with problems, and the highest ticket and concession prices in the league. Owners of other American League teams wanted Soriano and Daley to sell the team to a Seattle owner who would improve the team and address issues at Sick's Stadium, particularly uncovered seats with bad views.


1969 Major League Baseball expansion, Aftermath
After several attempts to sell the team to a Seattle owner failed, on April 1, 1970 Judge Sidney Volinn declared the team officially bankrupt; it was sold to Bud Selig, who moved the team to Milwaukee and renamed it the Milwaukee Brewers. Selig had negotiated a deal for the purchase with Soriano during Game 1 of the 1969 World Series. As a result of the relocation, in 1970 the city of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington sued the American League for breach of contract. The $32.5 million lawsuit was settled in 1976 when the American League offered the city a franchise in exchange for termination of the lawsuit. This led to the establishment of the Seattle Mariners via the 1977 Major League Baseball expansion.


1969 Major League Baseball season
The 1969 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 7 to October 16, 1969. It included the third Major League Baseball expansion of the decade, with the Kansas City Royals, Montreal Expos, San Diego Padres, and Seattle Pilots each beginning play this season. The season was also celebrated as the 100th anniversary of professional baseball, honoring the first professional touring baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869.


1969 Major League Baseball season
This was the first season of the "Divisional Era". With each league expanding from 10 teams to 12 teams, both leagues were divided into two six-team divisions. Teams continued to play 162-game schedules, in place since 1962, by now playing the other five teams in their own division 18 times each (90 games) and playing the six teams in their league's other division 12 times each (72 games). The winners of each division would advance to the postseason and face each other in a League Championship Series, then a best-of-five series, to determine the pennant winners that would face each other in the World Series.


1969 Major League Baseball season
The Baltimore Orioles won the AL East with an MLB-best 109–53 record, and then defeated the AL West champion Minnesota Twins in three games in the first American League Championship Series. The New York Mets won the NL East division with an NL-best 100–62 record, and then defeated the NL West champion Atlanta Braves in three games in the first National League Championship Series. The "Miracle Mets", having joined the league in 1962, were the first expansion team to win a pennant.


1969 Major League Baseball season
The upstart Mets went on to upset the heavily favored Orioles in the World Series, four games to one, in what is considered one of the greatest upsets in World Series history.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Rules changes
In an effort to counteract a trend of low-scoring games and pitching ruling overall, Major League Baseball adopted two measures during the Baseball Winter Meetings held in December 1968. The strike zone was reduced to the area over home plate between the armpits and the top of the knees of a batter. Also, the height of the pitching mound was reduced from 15 inches to 10 inches, and it was recommended that the slope be gradual and uniform in every park.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Rules changes
A save became an official MLB statistic to reward relief pitchers who preserve a lead while finishing a game.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Expansion
MLB called for a four-team expansion to take place in 1971 at the 1967 Winter Meetings, the first expansion since 1962. However, there was a complication: influential U.S. Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri was irate over the American League's approval of Kansas City Athletics owner Charles O. Finley's arrangement to move his team to Oakland, California, for the 1968 season. This happened even though Finley had just signed a deal to play at Municipal Stadium at AL president Joe Cronin's behest, and Jackson County, Missouri, had just issued public bonds to build a stadium, the future Royals Stadium (now Kauffman Stadium), which would be completed in 1973.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Expansion
Symington drew up legislation to remove baseball's anti-trust exemption, and threatened to pursue its passage if Kansas City did not get a new team. The Leagues agreed and moved expansion up to 1969, with the AL putting one of its new franchises in Kansas City. Ewing Kauffman won the bidding for that franchise, naming it the Kansas City Royals, after the local American Royal livestock show. The other AL team was awarded to Seattle. A consortium led by Dewey Soriano and William Daley won the bidding for the Seattle franchise, and named it the Seattle Pilots, a salute to the harbor pilots of the Puget Sound maritime industry.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Expansion
In the NL, one franchise was awarded to San Diego, California; the other to Montreal, Quebec, resulting in the first MLB franchise outside the United States. C. Arnholdt Smith, former owner of the AAA Pacific Coast League's San Diego Padres, won the bidding for the San Diego franchise, and the new San Diego MLB team inherited the Padres moniker. Charles Bronfman, owner of Seagram, won the bidding for the Montreal franchise, naming them the Expos, in honor of the World's Fair that year. This was the last NL expansion until the 1993 season.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Division play
As part of the 1969 expansion, each league was to be split into two divisions of six teams each, with each league holding a best-of-five League Championship Series to decide the pennant. The AL was divided purely along geographic lines, but when it came to assign divisions in the NL, the Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals insisted on being placed in the same division with the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies, on the basis that a schedule with more games with eastern teams would create a more lucrative schedule. Thus, Atlanta and Cincinnati were placed in the NL West. This alignment also addressed concerns that putting the league's three strongest clubs at the time—St. Louis, San Francisco, and the Cubs—in the west would result in divisional inequity.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Division play
The Padres and Expos each finished with 110 losses and at the bottom of their respective divisions. The Royals did better, finishing 69–93 and in fourth in the AL West, ahead of the Chicago White Sox. Even though the Pilots managed to avoid losing 100 games (they finished 64–98, last in the AL West), financial trouble would lead to a battle for team control, ending with bankruptcy and the sale of the team to Bud Selig and its move to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the Milwaukee Brewers for the 1970 season. The legal fallout of the battle would lead eventually to another round of expansion for the AL in the 1977 season, with Seattle getting a new team called the Mariners.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Logo
A special silhouetted batter logo, still in use by the league today, was created by Jerry Dior to commemorate the anniversary. It has served as inspiration for logos for other sports leagues in the United States—most notably the National Basketball Association, which used the silhouette of Jerry West to create their current logo, unveiled after the 1968–69 season.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Spring training boycott
After the 1968 season, the Major League Baseball Players' Association and the owners had concluded the first collective bargaining agreement in major league history. However, one point remained unresolved: the owners refused to increase their contribution to the players' pension plan commensurately with revenues from television broadcasts, which were increasing as more and more fans watched games that way. With the two sides at an impasse, at the beginning of the year the union called on players to refuse to sign contracts until the issue was resolved. Many did, including stars like Brooks Robinson.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Spring training boycott
The owners did not change their position, so the players' union called for members to boycott spring training the following month if the issue had not been resolved by then. After the union rejected the owners' offer of a higher yet still fixed contribution on February 17, the day before spring training was to begin, 400 players refused to report. The owners expected the situation to resolve itself soon in their favor, since they usually lost money on training camps while the players were foregoing their pay in the meantime.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Spring training boycott
However, the players remained united, and few changed their minds about the boycott as it progressed. After the first week only 11 of those who initially boycotted had reported; at the time many had off-season jobs which they continued to work at, and those who did report were in many cases not certain of their futures with their teams. Meanwhile, the owners were being pressured by the television broadcasters, who would also lose money without games to broadcast, or if teams played games with largely unknown rookies—one NBC executive said his company "would not pay major league prices for minor league games".


1969 Major League Baseball season, Spring training boycott
After that first week, new commissioner Bowie Kuhn leaned on the owners to reach an agreement as well, and they soon sat down with the players again. By February 25 they had acceded to most of the players' demands: a higher contribution of approximately $5.45 million annually, an earlier age at which players could begin drawing pensions, a wider range of benefits and less playing time required for eligibility. By the end of the month, all players had reported to spring training.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Regular season recap
The pennant races in the American League lacked drama. In the east, the Baltimore Orioles won 109 games and won the division by a whopping 19 games over the defending world champion Detroit Tigers. The surprise team was the "new" Washington Senators. Under new manager Ted Williams, they went 86–76; it was their first winning season since joining the league in 1961.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Regular season recap
The Western Division race was a little closer, but the Minnesota Twins led most of the season and were never really threatened in winning the division by 9 games over the Oakland Athletics (who were the only other west team to finish over .500). The National League, on the other hand, was very dramatic. The Chicago Cubs won 35 of their first 50 games, and on August 16, they led the New York Mets and St. Louis Cardinals by 9 games.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Regular season recap
But the Mets proceeded to win 37 of their last 48 games while the Cubs went 20–28 in the same time period and the Mets won the division by 8 games. In the West, with 3 weeks to play in the season, 5 teams were all within 2 games of each other. The Houston Astros were the first to drop out of the race, losing 8 of 10. With two weeks to play, the San Francisco Giants led the Los Angeles Dodgers and Atlanta Braves by ½ game while the Cincinnati Reds were 2 games back.


1969 Major League Baseball season, Regular season recap
The Dodgers then lost 8 in a row and 10 of 11 to fall to 4th place. The Braves then went on a 10-game winning streak, ultimately clinching the division over the Giants on the next to last day of the season with a 3–2 win over the Reds. For the Giants, it was the 5th year in a row they would finish in 2nd place.


1969 Malaysian general election
A general election was held on Saturday, 10 May 1969 for members of the 3rd Parliament of Malaysia, although voting was postponed until between 6 June and 4 July 1970 in Sabah and Sarawak. This election marked the first parliamentary election held in Sabah and Sarawak after the formation of Malaysia in 1963.


1969 Malaysian general election
The election resulted in the return to power, with a reduced majority, of the ruling Alliance Party, comprising the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese Association, and the Malayan Indian Congress. The Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan) and the Democratic Action Party (DAP), which had campaigned against Bumiputra privileges outlined by Article 153 of the Constitution, made major gains in the election. Voter turnout was 73.6%. Opposition won 54 seats in total causing the Alliance to lose its two-thirds majority in the Parliament (two-thirds majority being the majority required to pass most constitutional amendments) for the first time.


1969 Malaysian general election
This election also saw Alliance lose its majority in Perak, Selangor and Penang in addition to Kelantan. The result of the election and subsequent reactions would cause widespread race riots also known as the 13 May Incident. As a consequence of this incident, the federal government decided to suspend parliament and government administration was monitored by MAGERAN until 1971. It also marked the end of Tunku Abdul Rahman's administration as Prime Minister before he was succeeded by Tun Abdul Razak several months later. Razak would then seek the main purpose to establish the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur.


1969 Malaysian general election
State elections also took place in 330 state constituencies in 12 (out of 13, except Sabah) states of Malaysia on the same day.


1969 Malaysian general election, Results, Dewan Rakyat
Candidates were returned unopposed in 19 constituencies. Election in one constituency postponed.


1969 Malaysian general election, Results, Dewan Rakyat
West Malaysia went to the polls on 10 May, while Sabah was scheduled to vote on 25 May and Sarawak on 7 June. The Alliance won 10 seats in Sabah on nomination day being unopposed in some constituencies, so after the West Malaysian elections they were assured of a clear majority of 76 out of a total of 144 parliamentary seats. Tun Mustapha Datu Harun's United Sabah National Organisation (Usno) won 10 out of 16 seats unopposed for the Alliance on nomination day.


1969 Malaysian general election, Results, Dewan Rakyat
The opposition parties' gain at state level was more shocking to the Alliance Party which not only continued to lose to PAS in Kelantan, but also to political infant Gerakan in Penang. No party commanded an absolute majority in two other states. The Alliance held only 14 out of 24 seats in Selangor and 19 out of 40 in Perak.


1969 Malaysian general election, Results, Dewan Rakyat
The attrition of Malay support was much higher than that of the non-Malays. Malay opposition parties' vote shares in the peninsula increased drastically from about 15% in 1964 to 25% in 1969 while the support for non-Malay opposition parties remained roughly the same at 26% in both elections. Thanks to the electoral system, however, PAS seats increased from nine to 12 seats only while non-Malay opposition party, DAP, from 1 to 13.


1969 Malaysian general election, Aftermath
Gerakan and DAP held a victory rally in Kuala Lumpur on 12 May, but the rally turned rowdy, with party members shouting racial epithets at Malay bystanders. UMNO retaliated with its own rally on 13 May, which soon broke out into full-scale rioting, which subsequently became known as the 13 May Incident.


1969 Malaysian state elections
State assembly elections were held in Malaysia on 10 May 1969, alongside general elections.


1969 Maldivian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Maldives in September 1969, the first under the 1968 constitution. The newly elected People's Majlis convened in February 1970.


1969 Maldivian parliamentary election, Background
The Maldives had become independent in 1965. A new constitution was approved in a March 1968 referendum, changing the country from a constitutional monarchy under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi into a republic. Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir was chosen as president by the People's Majlis and then confirmed in a public vote in September 1968.


1969 Maldivian parliamentary election, Electoral system
The 1968 constitution provided for a People's Majlis with 46 elected members and eight appointed by the President. Eight were elected in Malé and two were elected from each of the 19 atolls, which formed two-member constituencies. Voters could vote for only one candidate.


1969 Manitoba general election
The 1969 Manitoba general election was held on June 25, 1969 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) of the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was a watershed moment in the province's political history. The social-democratic New Democratic Party emerged for the first time as the largest party in the legislature, winning 28 out of 57 seats. The governing Progressive Conservative Party fell to 22, and the once-dominant Liberal Party fell to an historical low of five. The Social Credit Party won one seat, and there was also one Independent elected.


1969 Manitoba general election
It was not clear what form the government would take in the days immediately following the election. There were negotiations among the Liberal and Progressive Conservatives to form a minority coalition government, supported by the Social Credit and Independent members; under this scenario, former Liberal leader Gildas Molgat would have become Premier. These plans came to nothing when Liberal MLA Laurent Desjardins announced that he would sit as a "Liberal Democrat" supporting the NDP, allowing the NDP to form government by one seat. Edward Schreyer became the province's first social democratic Premier shortly thereafter.


1969 Manitoba general election
The Manitoba NDP had a total election budget of $45,000. Although very small by modern standards, this was the most the party had ever spent up to this time.


1969 Manitoba general election
The Liberals had managed to remain as the Official Opposition for a decade after losing power in 1959. However, this would be the start of almost 20 years in the political wilderness; the party would not come close to governing again until winning opposition status in 1988.


1969 Manitoba general election, Riding results, Post-election changes
Jack Hardy (St. Vital, PC) resigned his seat. A by-election was called for April 5, 1971.


1969 Manitoba general election, Riding results, Post-election changes
Ste. Rose (res. Gildas Molgat, October 7, 1970), April 5, 1971:


1969 Manitoba general election, Riding results, Post-election changes
Jean Allard left the NDP to sit as an Independent on April 7, 1972. Joseph Borowski left the NDP caucus on June 25, 1972.


1969 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1969 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University as an Independent during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Rick Tolley, the team compiled a 3–7 record and was outscored by a total of 281 to 207. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.


1969 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
Prior to the season, Marshall was suspended indefinitely from the Mid-American Conference due to committing a number of recruiting violations.


1969 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 1969 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Roy Lester, the Terrapins compiled a 3–7 record (3–3 in conference), finished in sixth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and were outscored by their opponents 249 to 100. The team's statistical leaders included Jeff Shugars with 716 passing yards, Tom Miller with 629 rushing yards, and Roland Merritt with 499 receiving yards.


1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election
The 1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election was not a direct election, but a vote in the Maryland General Assembly to determine who would assume the governorship of Maryland after Spiro Agnew's resignation, following his election to the U.S. vice presidency.


1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election
At this time Maryland didn't have a position of lieutenant governor, and state law did not designate a person who would assume the office of governor in case of vacancy (unlike most states, when there is always a designated person such as lieutenant governor, Senate President or Secretary of State).


1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election
In case of vacancy, the General Assembly would choose a governor.


1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election
In 1969 the Assembly had a Democratic majority, so it was clear that Republican Agnew's successor would be a Democrat.


1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election
The election was held on January 7, 1969. State representative Marvin Mandel was elected governor. He took office that same day, upon Agnew's resignation.


1969 Maryland gubernatorial special election, Vote
Although there were three Democrats and only one Republican on the ballot, Mandel was elected easily. He was elected in regular direct election in 1970 and re-elected in 1974.


1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan
The 1969 uprising in East Pakistan (ঊনসত্তরের গণঅভ্যুত্থান) was a democratic political movement in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The uprising consisted of a series of mass demonstrations and sporadic conflicts between government armed forces and the demonstrators. Although the unrest began in 1966 with the Six point movement of Awami League, it got momentum at the beginning of 1969 and culminated in the resignation of Field Marshal Ayub Khan, the first military ruler of Pakistan. The uprising also led to the withdrawal of Agartala Conspiracy Case and acquittal of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his colleagues from the case.


1969 Masters Tournament
The 1969 Masters Tournament was the 33rd Masters Tournament, held April 10–13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.


1969 Masters Tournament
George Archer won his only major championship, one stroke ahead of runners-up Billy Casper, George Knudson, and Tom Weiskopf. Third round leader Casper was five over-par after ten holes in his final round, then regrouped with three birdies but needed another. Weiskopf was tied for the lead until a bogey at 17, and future champion Charles Coody bogeyed the final three holes and finished two strokes back. Casper would win the title in 1970 in a playoff and Coody would win in 1971.


1969 Masters Tournament
This was the last Masters that Ken Venturi participated in, and he missed the cut by twelve strokes. As an amateur in 1956, Venturi led after 54 holes but finished runner-up to Jack Burke Jr. Burke made the cut at the Masters for the final time in 1969 and finished in 24th place. Past champions were noticeably absent from the leaderboard this year, as Burke tied for the best finish with three-time winner Jack Nicklaus.


1969 Masters Tournament
It was Archer's third Masters and his only top ten finish at Augusta; his next best result was tied for eleventh in 1981.


1969 Masters Tournament
Bob Lunn won the tenth Par 3 contest on Wednesday with a score of 23.


1969 Masters Tournament, Course
^ Holes 1, 2, 4, and 11 were later renamed.


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Gay Brewer (9,11), Jack Burke Jr., Doug Ford, Bob Goalby (8,10), Ralph Guldahl, Claude Harmon, Herman Keiser, Cary Middlecoff, Jack Nicklaus (2,3,8,9), Arnold Palmer (10,11), Henry Picard, Gary Player (2,3,8,9), Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead (9), Art Wall Jr. (8)


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Julius Boros (8,9,10,11), Al Geiberger (9,10,11), Don January (8), Dave Marr (8), Bobby Nichols (9,11)


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Bob Barbarossa (a), John Bohmann (a), Bruce Fleisher (6,7,a), Vinny Giles (7,8,a), Hubert Green (a), Jack Lewis Jr. (7,a), Rik Massengale (a), Allen Miller (a)


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Tommy Aaron, George Archer (9,10), Miller Barber (10), Frank Beard (10), Gardner Dickinson (11), Raymond Floyd, Lionel Hebert, Jerry Pittman (9), Mason Rudolph, Doug Sanders (10,11), Tom Weiskopf, Bert Yancey (9), Kermit Zarley (10)


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Don Bies, Rod Funseth, Dave Hill, Steve Spray, Dave Stockton


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Frank Boynton, Charles Coody, Marty Fleckman, Lou Graham, Dan Sikes


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Deane Beman, Dale Douglass, Bob Lunn, Mac McLendon, R. H. Sikes, Ken Still


1969 Masters Tournament, Field
Roberto Bernardini, Michael Bonallack (6,a), Peter Butler, Joe Carr (a), Bob Charles (8,9,10), Bruce Crampton, Roberto De Vicenzo (3,8), Bruce Devlin (8,9), Harold Henning (8), Tommy Horton, Brian Huggett, Tony Jacklin (8), George Knudson, Takaaki Kono, Lu Liang-Huan, Ramón Sota, Peter Thomson (3), Peter Townsend, Raul Travieso


1969 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Third round
Despite being 2-over-par for his round Bruce Devlin was still in the thick of the chase at 5-under on Saturday until the Par-3 16th Hole where he rinsed his tee shot leading to a double-bogey 5 and leaving him five strokes behind starting the Final Round (where he further faded with a front nine of 6-over par 42 leading to a tie for 19th). Earlier in the round Devlin had made a great scrambling bogey at the difficult Par-4 11th after finding the water on his second shot, but could not repeat the magic when he found the water at 16.


1969 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Final round, Summary
Billy Casper started the final round at 8-under par with a one-stroke lead over George Archer, but Casper bogeyed five of the first 10 holes. Meanwhile, Archer gained a three-stroke lead at 8-under after 9 holes over George Knudson, Charles Coody and Tom Weiskopf (who was playing with Archer). As the back nine unfolded there was a lot of movement on the leaderboard and standing on the 18th tee, five of the last 6 players on the course had a chance to win the tournament outright or force a Monday playoff.


1969 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Final round, Summary
Only Miller Barber, playing with Casper in the final group, was out of contention for the title. The final three groups ended up on the 18th hole at the same time: Casper (−6) and Barber (-3) waiting on the tee with Archer (−7) and Weiskopf (−6) looking on from the fairway while Coody (−6) was left of the green needing to chip in for a birdie to tie and Knudson (−6) on the green some 26 feet away also needing a tying birdie.


1969 McNeese State Cowboys football team
The 1969 McNeese State Cowboys football team represented McNeese State University in the 1969 NCAA College Division football season.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
The 1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 43rd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 22 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
This year marked St. Mary's first year in existence as a result of the amalgamation of Junior 'A' clubs Donore and Lougher.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
Flathouse and Moylagh were promoted after claiming the 1968 Meath Junior Football Championship title and Junior 'A' Divisional runners-up spot respectively. Gibbstown were also promoted after winning the Junior 'B' (known then as Division II) Championship and losing to Flathouse in the subsequent county Junior final.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
At the end of the season, Athboy and Longwood applied to be regraded to the 1970 J.F.C.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
On 5 October 1969, Drumree claimed their 2nd Intermediate championship title when they defeated Castletown 2-6 to 1-7 in the final in Pairc Tailteann, and thus returned the top flight of Meath club football.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1968 championship season.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage
There are 4 groups called Group A, B, C and D. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Semi-Finals. Many results were unavailable.


1969 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
The teams in the Semi-Finals are the first and second placed teams from each group.


1969 Meath Senior Football Championship
The 1969 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 77th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 13 teams, with the winner going on to represent Meath in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.


1969 Meath Senior Football Championship
This season saw Slane's return to the top flight after claiming the 1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title.


1969 Meath Senior Football Championship
Gaeil Colmcille were the defending champions after they defeated Walterstown in the previous years final, however they relinquished their crown at the semi-final stage when losing to eventual champions Kilbride.


1969 Meath Senior Football Championship
Kilbride claimed their 3rd S.F.C. title on 14 December 1969 when defeating Skryne in the final 2-5 to 0-5 in the final in Pairc Tailteann. It was also their 5th final appearance in 6 seasons, winning 3 of them. Austin Reddan raised the Keegan Cup for the Dunboyne parish outfit.


1969 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1968 championship season.


1969 Meath Senior Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
The winners and runners up of each group qualify for the semi-finals.


1969 Meath Senior Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
On 20 November, the County Board met again and a vote was held between delegated which resulted in a unanimous reversal of Gaeil Colmcille's expulsion.


1969 Meistaradeildin, Overview
It was contested by 5 teams, and KÍ Klaksvík won the championship.


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
The 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan was a road and rail transport plan for Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia, instituted by Henry Bolte's state government. Most prominently, the plan recommended the provision of an extensive freeway network, much of which has since been built.


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
Despite the majority of the printed material being devoted to non-car transport, 86 per cent of the projected budget was devoted to roads and parking, with only 14 per cent to other forms of transport. The plan recommended 510 kilometres (320 mi) of freeways for metropolitan Melbourne, as well as a number of railways. Of the latter, only the City Underground Loop was constructed. Proposed lines to Doncaster and Monash University (now Clayton Campus), and between Dandenong and Frankston, were never built.


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
The plan was described by J.M. Thompson in Great Cities and their Traffic as "clearly ... a highway plan, not – as it is called – a comprehensive transport plan", and by historian Graeme Davison as "the most expansive and expensive freeway experiment in Australian history".


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
In 1973, some freeway plans were pruned, especially those proposed for the inner city, with State Premier Rupert Hamer cancelling all the road reservations for the unbuilt urban freeways in 1976.


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
Some significant outer suburban freeway projects, under new branding, were built by subsequent governments, including CityLink (by the Kennett government in the 1990s), EastLink (by the Bracks government in the 2000s) and Peninsula Link (by the Napthine government in the 2010s).


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, Background
The scope of the plan specified surveys of vehicular and personal travel, transport facilities, goods movement by road and rail, and central city parking. It built on the previous major Melbourne Transport Plans:


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, Background, Funding
The costs of the development of the plan were shared by the four participating authorities:


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, Background, Funding
Minor contributions were provided by Melbourne City Council and the Transport Regulation Board.


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, Road, Ring roads
A North East Link between the eastern and northern ring roads was originally designed but construction has begun as of 2020 with major works to begin mid 2021.


1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, Road, Parking
The plan included a proposed budget of $40 million for improvements in parking in the Melbourne central business district.