1968 Lebanese general election in Marjeyoun-Hasbaya
Voting to elect four members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the predominantly Shia Muslim Marjeyoun-Hasbaya constituency in southern Lebanon on March 31, 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Two of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Shia Muslim community, one for the Sunni Muslims and one for the Greek Orthodox (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). The constituency had 45,849 eligible voters, out of whom 23,224 voted. The polling day was marred by heavy rains.


1968 Lebanese general election in Marjeyoun-Hasbaya, Candidates
There were eleven candidates in the fray, with ten candidates contesting on three different tickets. The eleventh candidate contested on his own. The fight stood primarily between two tickets, each headed by a candidate from the al-As'ad family (a powerful Shiite family in the area).


1968 Lebanese general election in Marjeyoun-Hasbaya, Candidates, Southern Bloc ticket
The main candidate of the al-As'ad family and heading one of the lists was Kamil al-As'ad, the leader of the Southern Bloc. He had been a longtime parliamentarian and minister at different occasions. His running mates were Mamduh al-Abdallah (Shiite, incumbent parliamentarian), Ra'if Samarah (Greek Orthodox, lawyer) and Ali Madi (Sunnite, lawyer and former Minister of Education).


1968 Lebanese general election in Marjeyoun-Hasbaya, Candidates, As'ad al-As'ad ticket
The dissident list was headed by As'ad al-As'ad, former diplomat and former director of the Ministry of Information. His running mates were Ibrahim al-Abdallah (Shiite, journalist and ex-parliamentarian), Suhayl Shihab (Sunnite, ex-parliamentarian) and Iskandar Ghibril (Greek Orthodox, ex-parliamentarian, member of the Progressive Socialist Party).


1968 Lebanese general election in Marjeyoun-Hasbaya, Candidates, Other candidates
Other candidates of leftist and nationalist tendencies, like Habib Sadiq, Ahmad Suwayd and Nuruddin Nuruddin, sought to challenge the dominance of feudal powers in the political life of the area. The latter belonged to the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.


1968 Lebanese general election in Marjeyoun-Hasbaya, Results
All four candidates on the Southern Bloc ticket were elected. Kamil al-As'ad was elected speaker of the Chamber of Deputies after the election. Candidates' vote totals were as follows:


1968 Lebanese general election in Tripoli City
Voting to elect five members of the Lebanese parliament took place in Tripoli City in 1968, part of the national general election of that year (the rural areas of Tripoli District had a separate constituency). Four of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Sunni Muslim community, whilst the fifth seat was allocated to the Greek Orthodox community (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). The Tripoli City constituency had 64,913 eligible voters, out of whom 22,813 voted.


1968 Lebanese general election in Tripoli City, Candidates
Fourteen candidates took part in the election. There were two multi-candidate tickets, with the remaining candidates contesting of individual tickets.


1968 Lebanese general election in Tripoli City, Candidates, Democratic Front ticket
The leader of the Parliamentary Democratic Front and former Prime Minister Rashid Karami led a ticket of five incumbent parliamentarians. Karami's cabinet had resigned in February 1968, and an interim administration under Abdallah al-Yafi took over to prepare for the elections.


1968 Lebanese general election in Tripoli City, Candidates, Democratic Front ticket
Karami himself was the first candidate on the list. The other candidates of the Democratic Front were Salim Kabbarah (lawyer by profession, parliamentarian since 1964), Hashim al-Husayni (physician, leader of Movements of Peace Partisans, parliamentarian since 1957), Amin al-Hafiz (economist, professor at Lebanese University, parliamentarian since 1960) and Fuad al-Burt (Greek Orthodox businessman, parliamentarian since 1953).


1968 Lebanese general election in Tripoli City, Candidates, Leftist ticket
Karami's ticket was challenged by a left-wing ticket headed by Abd al-Majid ar-Rafi, the leader of the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath Party. Other candidates on the ticket were Umar Bisar (physician, political independent) and M. as-Saydawi (school teacher, said to represent the underground Lebanese Communist Party). The leftist ticket accused Karami of being a representative of Lebanese capitalism. They also used the campaign to highlight the issue of Palestine, calling for its liberation.


1968 Lebanese general election in Tripoli City, Results
All the candidates of the Democratic Front ticket were re-elected.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District
Voting to elect three members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Zgharta District in northern Lebanon in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. All of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). Zgharta District had 35,099 eligible voters, out of whom 13,412 voted.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District, Background
In the years preceding the election Zgharta had witnessed violent clashes between different Maronite families, conflicts that carried political overtones. In 1965 clashes erupted between the Douaihy and Karam families. In January 1967 the driver of parliamentarian Sam'an Douaihy was shot dead. This act provoked the declaration of Zgharta as a military zone, and soldiers and policemen poured into the area. Night curfew was issued.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District, Background
Zgharta was the home turf of Maronite strongman Suleiman Frangieh, landlord and one of the most powerful politicians in the country. He had been appointed as Minister of Interior earlier the same year, with the task of overseeing the elections. The Frangieh family owned mulberry plantations in the area. Manifesting its political influence the clan founded an armed militia under their command in the same year, the Zgharta Liberation Army.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District, Frangieh ticket
In the 1968 election Frangieh fielded a ticket with three candidates, headed by himself. His running mates were René Moawad and Father Sam'an Douaihy. All three were incumbent parliamentarians.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District, Frangieh ticket
René Moawad was a parliamentarian affiliated with the Democratic Front. He had been elected to parliament from 1957 onwards. Professionally, he was a lawyer.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District, Frangieh ticket
Once a foe of Frangieh, Father Sam'an Douaihy had joined forces with the local strongman ahead of the 1964 election. Douaihy was the first priest ever to be elected to the Lebanese parliament. He was a member of the National Liberal Party.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District, The challenger
Only one man attempted to challenge the hegemony of Frangieh. As'ad Karam, running on an individual ticket, was a 27-year-old student of law at Saint Joseph University. He lacked electoral experience, but was son of former parliamentarian Youssef Salim Karam.


1968 Lebanese general election in Zgharta District, Results
All three candidates on the Frangieh ticket were re-elected. Karam did however muster a significant portion of the votes, considering Frangieh's dominance over the political life of the constituency.


1968 Leeds City Council election
The Leeds municipal election was held on 9 May 1968. Following extensive boundary changes, the whole council was up for election. The re-warding increased the number of wards by two, up to 32 wards, raising in-turn the councillor total by six, to 90, and the aldermen total up two to 30.


1968 Leeds City Council election
In total ten wards were abolished, twelve created and eighteen remained.


1968 Leeds City Council election
The election followed national patterns of the Conservatives inflicting resounding defeats upon the Labour party, winning representation in all but five wards with a crushing 75 seats at the hand of their highest vote since 1951 and a record vote share. Labour representation was confined to City, East Hunslet, Holbeck and Middleton (although coming within a straw for the third seat in Whinmoor) as they picked up their lowest post-war vote and vote share.


1968 Leeds City Council election
The Labour collapse also seen the smaller party make gains, as the Liberals won representation on the council for the first time in the post-war period via comfortably winning the three newly created Castleton seats and the Communists, who fielded a full-slate for the first and only time, more than tripled their previous records in both vote share and vote figure.


1968 Leeds City Council election
As a result, the Conservatives gained control of the council for the first time since 1952, with a whopping majority of 80.


1968 Leeds City Council election, Election result
The result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:


1968 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1968 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. Lehigh tied for second in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and placed second in the Middle Three Conference.


1968 Lehigh Engineers football team
In their fourth year under head coach Fred Dunlap, the Engineers compiled a 3–7 record. Rick Laubach and John Miller were the team captains.


1968 Lehigh Engineers football team
Despite their overall losing record, Lehigh finished the year at .500 in conference play. The Engineers' 2–2 record against MAC University Division foes tied Lafayette and Temple for third place in the eight-team circuit. They went 1–1 against Middle Three rivals, beating Lafayette but losing to Rutgers.


1968 Lehigh Engineers football team
Lehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1968 Lewisham London Borough Council election
Elections to Lewisham London Borough Council were held in May 1968. The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 34.4%. This election had aldermen as well as councillors. Labour and the Conservatives each got five aldermen. As of the 2014 elections, it was the last time the Conservatives controlled Lewisham Borough Council.


1968 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election
A leadership election in the Liberal Party of Australia, the party of government in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 9 January 1968. It followed the disappearance and presumed drowning of previous leader Harold Holt, who had been declared dead on 19 December 1967. The contest was won by Senator John Gorton in a party room ballot; he was sworn in as prime minister the following day, replacing caretaker John McEwen.


1968 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election, Background
Incumbent party leader Harold Holt sensationally disappeared while swimming at Cheviot Beach near Portsea on the Mornington Peninsula of Victoria on 17 December 1967. William McMahon, the incumbent Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party was assumed to be his probable successor, however, John McEwen, the interim Prime Minister and leader of the Country Party (the junior Coalition partner), announced that he and his party would not serve in a government led by McMahon. McMahon subsequently withdrew. McEwen himself had been encouraged to remain Prime Minister on a more permanent basis but to do so would have required him to defect and lead the Liberals, an option he had never contemplated.


1968 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election, Aftermath
To date, Gorton is the only Australian Senator to be sworn in as Prime Minister. McMahon re elected unopposed as deputy leader. He later won Holt's vacant seat of Higgins at a by-election. Hasluck was later nominated and accepted the position of Governor-General from Gorton in 1969 and Snedden became party leader in December 1972. Bury later served as Treasurer of Australia under both Gorton and McMahon respectively.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
The 1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was held on April 6, 1968. The party elected Pierre Elliott Trudeau as the new leader of the Liberal Party. He was the unexpected winner in what was one of the most important leadership conventions in party history. The Globe and Mail newspaper report the next day called it "the most chaotic, confusing, and emotionally draining convention in Canadian political history."


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election
The convention was held following the announced retirement of Lester B. Pearson, who was a much respected party leader and Prime Minister of Canada, but who had failed to win a majority government in two attempts. Eight high-profile cabinet ministers entered the race, but by the time the convention began on April 3 the charismatic Trudeau had emerged as the front runner. He was strongly opposed by the party's right wing, but this faction was divided between former Minister of Trade and Commerce Robert Winters and Minister of Transport Paul Hellyer, and failed to mount a united opposition. Trudeau won the leadership with the support of 51% delegates on the fourth ballot of the convention.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Pearson retires
Liberal leader and Prime Minister Lester Pearson announced on December 14, 1967, that he would be retiring in April 1968. Pearson had been Liberal leader since 1958 and Prime Minister since 1963. He was still much liked by the party and by the Canadian people in general, but he had failed in two attempts to win a majority government. The Liberals were also trailing in the polls behind the Progressive Conservatives, whose popular new leader Robert Stanfield had been selected in September 1967.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Pearson retires
Long before the actual convention a vigorous leadership contest had begun. At the outset the leading candidates were believed to be Secretary of State for External Affairs Paul Martin, Minister of Transport Paul Hellyer, and Minister of Finance Mitchell Sharp. The unofficial Liberal Party tradition was to alternate between francophone and anglophone leaders, and Jean Marchand was considered a possible candidate. Martin was a highly respected veteran minister who had finished second to Pearson in the 1958 convention, and his ambitions to try again for the top job were well-known. Hellyer was a former Minister of National Defence who had unified the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force into the Canadian Forces.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Pearson retires
Marchand declined to run, however, not being interested and suggesting that his English and health were not good enough to be a national leader. It was seen as necessary for national unity and the health of the party to have a strong Quebec candidate. Marchand and Gérard Pelletier united behind Justice Minister Pierre Trudeau. Trudeau had little experience and was not well known nationally, but had earned some renown for his wit and charisma. He had received plaudits for a wide-ranging overhaul of the criminal code that removed many of the morality laws, such as those against sodomy. Trudeau also had the strong support of top Pearson advisor Marc Lalonde as well as the tacit backing of Pearson himself, who felt it was important that a Francophone finish at least second in the race.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign
The campaign consisted of trying to win over the almost twenty-four hundred delegates who would go to the April convention. These consisted of prominent Liberals from across the country and also ordinary party members elected by each riding association. The campaign lasted from after the Christmas recess up to the convention. Parliament was in session during this period and since all the major candidates were important cabinet ministers finding time to campaign was difficult. Thus it mostly consisted of the candidates taking short trips to various parts of the country to try to win over delegates.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Trudeau campaign
As Trudeau gained more public exposure, his popularity grew. Trudeau is believed to have decided he would run while on holiday in Tahiti over the Christmas break of 1967. The winter of 1968 was dominated by the lead-up to a February constitutional convention, at which Trudeau as justice minister was expected to play an important role. Lalonde, with the approval of Pearson, organized a pre-convention national tour in which Trudeau met with each of the premiers to talk about the constitution, and also to get guaranteed news coverage.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Trudeau campaign
One of his most important meetings was with Newfoundland Premier Joey Smallwood, whom Trudeau sufficiently impressed to earn Smallwood's lasting support. At the constitutional convention itself, Trudeau made a strong impression by outmanoeuvring and outdebating Quebec Premier Daniel Johnson, Sr. on national television. Johnson, and many others, felt that French Canadian disaffection could only be addressed by giving Quebec more autonomy. Trudeau rejected this approach, arguing that the best way to protect the interests of French Canadians was to guarantee their rights across Canada. On February 17, only days after this success, Trudeau declared himself as an official candidate for the Liberal leadership.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Trudeau campaign
To the surprise of many, Trudeau became one of the prime contenders. Marchand played a leading role in Trudeau's campaign and brought in many supporters, especially in Quebec. Trudeau received endorsements from three cabinet ministers, and two provincial premiers, with Louis Robichaud of New Brunswick joining Smallwood. Trudeau's charisma and attention-grabbing behaviour earned him far more media coverage than any other candidate. A Université Laval study found that from January 1 to March 20, Trudeau had received 26% percent of the media coverage devoted to the nine candidates running. Finance Minister Mitchell Sharp was a distant second, with only 16%. Trudeau also received attention outside Canada, being profiled in both the British and American media.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Trudeau campaign
By the end of the campaign, Trudeau was unquestionably the most popular figure among the Canadian public. A public opinion poll gave Trudeau 32% support, Martin 14% and Winters 10%, with the other candidates in single digits. Many within the Liberal Party still had deep doubts about him, however. He was a recent convert, having joined the party only in 1965, and was still considered an outsider. Many saw him as too radical and outspoken a figure. A significant portion of the party was bitterly opposed to his views on divorce, abortion and homosexuality.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Trudeau campaign
A number of minor scandals also broke out, as articles he wrote that were deeply critical of Pearson, especially of the decision to accept nuclear weapons in Canada, were republished. He was also forced to explain why he had been blacklisted by the United States in the 1950s. Trudeau's campaign was not run by professional political consultants. Rather the campaign was directed by a group of young, extremely well educated amateurs such as Gordon Gibson and Jim Davey. The team impressed many, but it also made a number of errors.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
The race was by no means a sure thing for Trudeau, and a number of potent candidates remained in the contest. Finance Minister Mitchell Sharp was one of the highest-profile cabinet ministers and represented the same liberal wing of the party as Trudeau. His campaign was badly hurt, however, when on February 19 the government was unexpectedly defeated on a tax bill, almost forcing a snap election. Pearson was out of the country, and as senior minister and finance minister getting the bill passed was Sharp's responsibility.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
After this debacle Sharp was prevented from campaigning through much of March by having to deal with a collapse in the world gold market. Though he campaigned intensively in the last few days, internal polling found that Sharp had fewer than 150 delegates and was unlikely to even be able to play kingmaker. The day before the convention, Sharp dropped out of the race and endorsed Trudeau. Sharp brought other ministers with him into the Trudeau camp, including Jean Chrétien, and at least a hundred delegates.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
The endorsement of the respected elder statesman also reassured many who liked Trudeau but were worried about his radical image. A number of potent candidates remained in the race, including much of the inner cabinet. Paul Hellyer ran one of the most skilled campaigns, directed by Bill Lee, widely regarded as one of the Liberals' best campaign managers. The campaign received much attention for using a computer to keep track of delegates. By the convention Hellyer was widely viewed as having the greatest chance to defeat Trudeau. He had several prominent backers including Defence Minister Leo Cadieux and Secretary of State Judy LaMarsh. He drew support from a wide part of the political spectrum and from across the country, but was generally seen as somewhat to the right of Trudeau.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
Robert Winters entered the race late, but won strong support representing the right wing of the party. He promised to privatize crown corporations if elected and also was highly critical of Pearson's fiscal policy, arguing that the new social programs would damage the Canadian economy. The faction of the party that was deeply worried about Trudeau's insurgency hoped for one of Hellyer or Winters to drop out and support the other, but neither would compromise.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
Several other prominent ministers remained in the campaign, but were seen as having little chance of victory. The campaign of elder statesman Paul Martin, who had first run for the Liberal leadership in 1958, had slowly faded. Canada seemed in a mood to reject elder statesmen with few new ideas in favour of the fresh new faces. Martin remained in the race, however. Health Minister Allan MacEachen was also floundering and being pressured to drop out in favour of Trudeau, but he too remained.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
He had a firm base of support in his native Nova Scotia, but was expected to swing his votes to Trudeau after the first ballot. MacEachen ran on a strongly left-wing platform, defending Canada's new Medicare system. Agriculture minister Joe Greene was also still in the race and had support in Eastern and Northern Ontario, but was seen as a dark horse. Besides Trudeau, the candidate to garner the most attention for his charisma and oratory was the young junior minister John Turner. He gathered a following, but was viewed as too young and inexperienced to win.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
Former Quebec provincial cabinet minister Eric Kierans ran a solid campaign with minimal resources. He developed a small following, but never having been a federal cabinet minister and without a seat in the House of Commons he remained an outsider.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The campaign, Other candidates
Two fringe candidates ran: Reverend Lloyd Henderson, a former mayor of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba had received one vote when he ran in the 1958 Liberal leadership convention and had also run unsuccessfully for parliament as an independent in the 1960s. He was not a delegate himself at the 1968 convention and would famously receive no votes even though his wife was a delegate. Ernst Zündel, not yet known publicly as a Holocaust denier, was also a candidate but dropped out before the first ballot after delivering a speech to the convention, decrying what he alleged was discrimination against German-Canadians.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention
The convention, held at Ottawa, Ontario's Civic Centre, took place in the shadow of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and the riots that followed in the United States. The opening day of the convention was dedicated to giving tribute to Pearson, still a much-respected and popular figure, and he gave his parting address to the delegates. The following day consisted of a series of policy workshops. These were based around three halls named Our Life, Our Country, and Our Economy. Each candidate had twenty-five minutes to discuss the topic of the room with delegates.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention
The other candidates noted in alarm that Trudeau drew by far the largest crowds to these events. Friday consisted of speeches by each of the candidates. It was marked by strong speeches by Trudeau, Turner, and surprisingly, Greene. Greene's speech focused on his service in the air force during the Second World War and reportedly moved some in the audience to tears. Hellyer's address, described as like the reading of a treatise, was poorly received. Hellyer's campaign manager, Bill Lee, later reported that the speeches had caused at least a hundred votes to move from Hellyer to Greene.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention
Outside the convention halls, each candidate's team worked to woo delegates. Most of the candidates set up conventional hospitality suites with food and drink for the delegates. Trudeau had nine set up in the various Ottawa hotels, though he did not provide any alcohol. Joe Greene did not have enough money for this, so he gave each delegate Laura Secord chocolates. Allan MacEachen had his own television station, AJM-TV, which broadcast to all the hotels where the delegates were staying; delegates could call in with questions and MacEachen would answer them.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention
The system was plagued with technical difficulties and was not a great success. Hellyer and Trudeau were more successful with publishing a newspaper on each day of the convention, reporting on upcoming events and selling the candidate. Each candidate also had a team of "convention hostesses," young women dressed in matching uniforms who accompanied the candidate, handed out buttons, and generally tried to build enthusiasm for their candidate.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention
As with the other conventions of the time, the new leader was decided by runoff voting. Multiple votes were held, and after each round the candidate with the fewest votes was removed from the ballot. This continued until a single candidate won a majority. In the 1968 convention, this process took four ballots and seven-and-a-half hours. The delay was blamed on the new IBM punched card machines that were used to count the votes. Despite instructions not to, a good number of the delegates folded their punched card as they would a normal ballot. These folded ballots caused the machines to repeatedly jam.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention
The weather was surprisingly warm for that time of year, and, as the convention centre was not well air conditioned, the delegates were left sweltering. Food stands also ran out of supplies early, leaving many delegates hungry. Crowd control was reported as "non-existent", and even the candidates had to battle their way through the throng to get anywhere. Asked the next day what his first thought was after being elected, Trudeau quipped that it was "how am I ever going to reach the podium". Outside were several protests, the largest being against the Vietnam War and demanding that Canada stop selling materiel to the United States.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention, First ballot
Trudeau was in first place on the first ballot with about as many votes as expected. Winters and Greene did surprisingly well, creating an unexpected four-way split in the anti-Trudeau vote with Turner and Hellyer. The result was especially disappointing to Hellyer, who had expected to get two hundred more votes than he had.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention, First ballot
After the first ballot, Martin, MacEachen, and Kierans withdrew, knowing they could not win. Henderson, who did not get a single vote, was automatically eliminated. Kierans, despite being courted, did not endorse another candidate. Martin's tie for fourth ended any chance of victory, or even of playing kingmaker. After speaking with advisors and his son (future Prime Minister Paul Martin), Martin delivered an emotional withdrawal address that marked the end of his career in politics. Despite earlier discussions with the Hellyer camp, he did not endorse another candidate. Several of Martin's supporters, including Herb Gray, moved to support Trudeau. MacEachen withdrew and, as was expected, quickly endorsed Trudeau. However, he did not withdraw in time, and therefore remained listed on the second ballot.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention, First ballot
Throughout the voting Trudeau projected an image of what Radwanski referred to as "supreme detachment." In his booth Trudeau played with the flower in his lapel and ate grapes by tossing them up in the air and catching them in his mouth.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention, Second ballot
Trudeau's vote increased on the second ballot. The greatest surprise was Winters, who seemed to be drawing the largest share of the stop-Trudeau votes, with Hellyer unexpectedly falling into third place. Great pressure was exerted on Hellyer, and Turner and Greene, to unite behind Winters. Cabinet minister Judy LaMarsh was famously caught on tape telling Hellyer that "you've got to go to Winters. Don't let that bastard win it, Paul—he isn't even a Liberal." Only eight votes behind Winters, and still seeing a chance of victory, Hellyer refused to quit. Turner also stayed unexpectedly and he resolutely refused to deal.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention, Second ballot
Greene was saved from elimination by MacEachen remaining on the ballot, but he promised to endorse Trudeau after the next round. Belatedly, Hellyer and Winters agreed that whoever finished third on the next ballot would withdraw and back the other against Trudeau, but most observers felt the time to block Trudeau had passed. Peacock states that it is "fascinating to speculate" what would have happened if Hellyer and Winters had reached an agreement after the second ballot, but he feels that Trudeau most likely would still have won.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention, Third ballot
The third ballot was a close repeat of the second, but Trudeau and Winters began to draw off a substantial number of votes from the candidates who no longer were seen to have had a chance of victory. As per earlier agreements Hellyer and Greene withdrew after this ballot, with Hellyer backing Winters and Greene endorsing Trudeau. To the surprise of many, Turner insisted on remaining on the ballot.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, The convention, Final ballot
Trudeau and Winters won additional support on the final ballot, while Turner, despite having no hope of victory, won almost two hundred votes. Turner's delegates would later form the "195 Club," which would become fundamental in his 1984 run. Trudeau placed 249 votes ahead of Winters on this last ballot with 51% of the vote. With this majority, Trudeau was declared the winner.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Trudeau victorious
Trudeau won the leadership on the fourth and final ballot, and all the remaining candidates endorsed him. This included both Winters and Hellyer, but observers noted that neither man did so with much enthusiasm. The subsequent Trudeau victory party at the Skyline Hotel swelled to massive proportions as over 5,000 revellers attended and the celebration spilled out into nearby streets.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Trudeau victorious
Trudeau was sworn in as Liberal leader and prime minister two weeks later on April 20. That summer he led the Liberals to victory in the 1968 federal election. Canadians were quickly caught up in the excitement created by this youthful and dynamic leader. His popularity following the convention and through the general election was dubbed "Trudeaumania" by the media; Trudeau was often mobbed by fans, as if he were a rock star.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Trudeau victorious
While Winters announced his support for Trudeau at the convention, he quit politics soon afterward returning to the private sector. He died only a year later. Hellyer briefly became a cabinet minister in the Trudeau government before leaving in 1969, eventually to form his own fringe party, and then seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party. Turner served in Trudeau's cabinet, becoming one of the most powerful MPs until quitting in 1975. He eventually returned to politics and succeeded Trudeau in the 1984 Liberal leadership convention. Greene and MacEachen both served Trudeau ably as ministers before being appointed to the Senate of Canada.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Trudeau victorious
The 1968 leadership convention did more than choose a single leader of the Liberal party: it did a great deal to set the history of the party, and of Canada, for the next four decades. Four future prime ministers were at the convention. Trudeau remained leader of the Liberal Party until 1984, and was prime minister for all of that time except during Joe Clark's short-lived Conservative government of 1979–1980.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Trudeau victorious
His replacement by Turner in 1984 was largely a product of Turner's showing at the 1968 convention. After Winters' death, Turner's third-place showing made him the leading runner-up. Turner's political and organizational skills were much lauded in 1968, establishing him as one of the highest-profile Liberals. Turner was succeeded by Jean Chrétien in 1990. Chrétien had originally backed the leadership bid of his mentor, Mitchell Sharp, but joined Trudeau's campaign when Sharp withdrew in favour of Trudeau.


1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Trudeau victorious
At the convention, Chrétien became one of the Trudeau team's leading figures, playing a crucial role in recruiting a number of other cabinet ministers to the Trudeau fold. Chrétien continued to be Trudeau's loyal deputy until Trudeau's retirement in 1984. Chrétien won the Liberal leadership in 1990, in part by claiming to be the heir to Trudeau's vision and policies. Paul Martin, who would himself become Prime Minister (2003–2006) was also at the convention, not as a Liberal operative, but as a close advisor to his father Paul Martin Sr. His father's poor showing, permanently ending his long dream of becoming Prime Minister, has long been cited by biographers as the source of the ceaseless ambition by Martin Jr. to win Canada's top job.


1968 Liberty Bowl
The 1968 Liberty Bowl was an American college football postseason  bowl game between the VPI Gobblers (now the Virginia Tech Hokies) and the Ole Miss Rebels of the University of Mississippi. The 10th edition of the Liberty Bowl, it was played at Memphis Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 14, 1968. The game was the final contest of the 1968 NCAA University Division football season for both teams, and ended in a 34–17 victory for Mississippi.


1968 Liberty Bowl
Two years after their appearance in the 1966 Liberty Bowl, VPI was again asked to travel to Memphis for a post-season bowl game. This time, the opponent was Mississippi, who had amassed a 6–3–1 record during the regular season. VPI came into the game with a 7–3 record that included a loss to their previous Liberty Bowl opponent, the Miami Hurricanes.


1968 Liberty Bowl
As in VPI's previous appearance in the Liberty Bowl, the team got off to a fast start. On the game's second play, VPI ran 58 yards for a touchdown, courtesy of a trick play. After Mississippi fumbled, VPI recovered and scored another quick touchdown. At the end of the first quarter, VPI added a field goal to the two touchdowns it had already earned, making the score 17–0. From that point onward, however, almost nothing would go in VPI's favor. They attempted an onside kick following the field goal, but were unable to successfully recover the ball. With good field position following the kick, Mississippi quarterback Archie Manning orchestrated a 49-yard drive for the Rebels' first points of the game.


1968 Liberty Bowl
Mississippi scored another touchdown before halftime, and VPI clung to a 17–14 lead at the beginning of the second half. That three-point lead quickly evaporated, however, as 21 seconds into the third quarter, Mississippi's Steve Hindman ran for 79 yards and a touchdown to give Mississippi a 21–17 lead. Ole Miss added 13 more points before the game ended and earned the victory, 34–17.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Teams, VPI
The VPI Gobblers (today's Virginia Tech Hokies), led by head coach Jerry Claiborne, amassed a 7–3 record during the regular season prior to the Liberty Bowl. VPI came into the 1968 season with high expectations. From 1963 to 1967, they were the 12th winningest major college football program, recording 36 wins, 13 losses, and one tie—putting VPI just behind Notre Dame in winning percentage. During the regular season, linebacker Mike Widger emerged as a major threat on defense. In the team's win over No. 18 Florida State in 1968, Widger intercepted two passes. Shortly after Liberty Bowl committee chairman Bud Dudley selected VPI to play in the Liberty Bowl, Widger was named a first-team Associated Press All-American, marking him as one of the best players at his position in the country.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Teams, Mississippi
The Ole Miss Rebels, led by head coach Johnny Vaught, earned a regular-season record of 6–3–1 prior to the Liberty Bowl. Vaught remains the all-time leader in wins at Ole Miss, and at the time of Mississippi's selection for the 1968 Liberty Bowl, he had already led the Rebels to three national championships and six Southeastern Conference (SEC) championships, the most recent of each coming in 1962.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Teams, Mississippi
On the field, Ole Miss featured star quarterback Archie Manning, who despite being just a sophomore, was already making a name for himself and would later go on to set records for passing yardage and passing touchdowns for Ole Miss, en route to becoming one of the greatest quarterbacks in Mississippi history.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
The 1968 Liberty bowl kicked off on a cold and blustery day in front of 46,206 fans at Memphis Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 14, 1968. The record crowd (it was the largest in the 10-year history of the bowl to that point) consumed 20,000 hot dogs—so many that the stadium ran out by the third quarter.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
In the first quarter of the game, it appeared that VPI would run away with an overwhelming victory. VPI received the ball to begin the game, and on the game's second play, Ken Edwards ran 58 yards on a trick play for the game's first touchdown. Mississippi fumbled the ball on its first offensive play and VPI recovered the turnover. Three plays later, VPI scored another touchdown on a seven-yard run by Terry Smoot.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
After stopping the Rebels with their defense, VPI appeared to have another chance to score when Ron Davidson returned an Ole Miss punt to the Rebels' 42-yard line. Despite the excellent field position, VPI was unable to score after quarterback Al Kincaid was sacked for a 19-yard loss. Despite the setback, VPI was able to keep Ole Miss from scoring in the first quarter and tacked on a 29-yard field goal by kicker Jack Simcsak before time came to an end in the quarter. At the end of the quarter, VPI led, 17–0.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
In the second quarter, Mississippi came storming back. Following the field goal, VPI head coach Jerry Claiborne ordered an onside kick in an effort to gain another chance on offense and potentially build an insurmountable lead. Onside kicks, unlike an ordinary free kick, can be recovered by the kicking team—but only after the ball has traveled 10 yards. If the kicking team touches the ball before it has traveled 10 yards, the receiving team takes possession at the place the ball was touched. Unfortunately for VPI, Simsak's onside kick—though it surprised Ole Miss—did not travel the requisite 10 yards. Mississippi took over at the VPI 49-yard line, and many of the Ole Miss players were angered by what they considered to be an insult.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Mississippi quarterback Archie Manning used the good field position and his inspired offense proficiently following the kick, driving the Rebels down the field and connecting with Hank Shows on a 21-yard touchdown pass for Mississippi's first points, just 30 seconds into the second quarter. By halftime, Manning had connected on another touchdown pass, this one a 23-yard strike to Leon Felts. VPI still held a 17–14 lead, but Mississippi had the momentum and would receive the ball to begin the second half.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
Ole Miss wasted no time in scoring, as Steve Hindman turned the first play of the second half into a 79-yard run for a touchdown. The Rebels now held a 21–17 lead, and VPI never threatened afterward. Ole Miss defender Bob Bailey intercepted a pass at the beginning of the fourth quarter and returned it 70 yards for another Mississippi touchdown. The Rebels also added a pair of field goals to their score, and rolled to a 34–17 victory.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Statistics
Mississippi's Steve Hindman was named the game's most valuable player after he rushed the ball for 121 yards and a touchdown in addition to catching three passes for 32 yards. Ole Miss quarterback Archie Manning finished the game with 141 passing yards and two touchdowns. VPI was led on offense by Ken Edwards, who finished with 119 rushing yards and a touchdown, and Terry Smoot, who finished with 91 rushing yards and a touchdown. VPI turned the ball over five times, committing three fumbles and throwing two interceptions. Despite VPI's relative offensive success on the ground, they were completely inept through the air, completing just one pass for two net passing yards. Both marks remain Liberty Bowl records for the fewest passes and fewest passing yards gained by a team.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Statistics
Although VPI had success on defense during the first quarter, Mississippi dominated defensively for the rest of the game. Such was the defensive dominance of Mississippi in the last three quarters of the game that after VPI's field goal in the first quarter, VPI had 11 offensive possessions and crossed into Ole Miss territory just once.


1968 Liberty Bowl, Statistics
In addition to Steve Hindman's selection as the game's MVP, Mississippi had two other players recognized for their achievements in the game: Robert Bailey was named the game's most outstanding defensive back and offensive tackle Worthy McClure was named the game's most outstanding offensive lineman.


1968 Liechtenstein referendums
Two referendums were held in Liechtenstein in 1968. The first was held on 4 July on the question of introducing women's suffrage. Separate votes were held for men and women, with the men voting against, and women split almost equally, resulting in it being rejected by 54.5% of voters overall. The second referendum was held on 6 October on abolishing the tax on alcoholic drinks. It was rejected by 56.3% of voters.


1968 Liechtenstein referendums
A second referendum on women's suffrage was held in 1971 in which only men were allowed to vote. It also resulted in a "no" vote.


1968 Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito season
Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 1968 season was the club's 38th year of existence, the 15th year in professional football and the 9th in the top level of professional football in Ecuador.


1968 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1968 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 74th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1968 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
On 29 September 1968, Claughaun won the championship after a 2-09 to 2-05 defeat of Adare in the final. It was their eighth championship title overall and their first championship title in ten years.


1968 Little League World Series
The 1968 Little League World Series took place between August 20 and August 24 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Wakayama Little League of Osaka, Japan, defeated the Tuckahoe Little League of Richmond, Virginia, in the championship game of the 22nd Little League World Series.


1968 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 9 May 1968.


1968 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 1968 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 54th edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 28 April 1968. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Valere Van Sweevelt of the Smith's team.


1968 London local elections
Local government elections were held in the thirty-two London boroughs on Thursday 9 May 1968. Polling stations were open between 8am and 9pm.


1968 London local elections
All seats were up for election. The result was a landslide for the Conservative Party, who won twenty-eight of the boroughs, while Labour lost control of seventeen of the twenty boroughs it had held going into the elections (including Bexley, where it did not win a single seat). Only ten Liberal councillors were elected in London.


1968 London local elections
The result followed the Conservative gain of the Greater London Council in the elections the previous year.


1968 London local elections
Until 1978, each council had aldermen, in the ratio of one aldermen to six councillors. Following the elections, each council elected half of its aldermen, who served until 1974. The remaining aldermen had been elected in 1964 and would serve until 1971. This only affected political control in Newham, which remained Labour-held after the election of aldermen.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon
The 1968 London–Sydney Marathon, officially Daily Express-Daily Telegraph London-Sydney Marathon was the first running of the London-Sydney Marathon. The rally took place between the 24th of November and the 17th of December 1968. The event covered 10,373 miles (16,694 km) through Europe, Asia and Australia. It was won by Andrew Cowan, Colin Malkin and Brian Coyle, driving a Hillman Hunter.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Background
The original Marathon was the result of a lunch in late 1967, during a period of despondency in Britain caused by the devaluation of the pound. Sir Max Aitken, proprietor of the Daily Express, and two of his editorial executives, Jocelyn Stevens and Tommy Sopwith, decided to create an event which their newspaper could sponsor, and which would serve to raise the country's spirits. Such an event would, it was felt, act as a showcase for British engineering and would boost export sales in the countries through which it passed.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Background
The initial UK£10,000 winner's prize offered by the Daily Express was soon joined by a £3,000 runners-up award and two £2,000 prizes for the third-placed team and for the highest-placed Australians, all of which were underwritten by the Daily Telegraph newspaper and its proprietor Sir Frank Packer, who was eager to promote the Antipodean leg of the rally.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Race action
Roger Clark established an early lead through the first genuinely treacherous leg, from Sivas to Erzincan in Turkey, averaging almost 60 mph in his Lotus Cortina for the 170-mile stage. Despite losing time in Pakistan and India, he maintained his lead to the end of the Asian section in Bombay, with Simo Lampinen's Ford Taunus second and Lucien Bianchi's DS21 in third.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Race action
However, once into Australia, Clark suffered several setbacks. A piston failure dropped him to third, and would have cost him a finish had he not been able to cannibalise fellow Ford Motor Company driver Eric Jackson's car for parts. After repairs were effected, he suffered what should have been a terminal rear differential failure. Encountering a Cortina by the roadside, he persuaded the initially reluctant owner to sell his rear axle and resumed once more, although at the cost of 80 minutes' delay while it was replaced.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Race action
This left Lucien Bianchi and co-driver Jean-Claude Ogier in the Citroën DS in the lead ahead of Gilbert Staepelaere/Simo Lampinen in the German Ford Taunus, with Andrew Cowan in the Hillman Hunter 3rd. Then Staepelaere's Taunus hit a gate post, breaking a track rod. This left Cowan in second position and Paddy Hopkirk's Austin 1800 in third place.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Race action
Approaching the Nowra checkpoint at the end of the penultimate stage with only 98 mi (158 km) to Sydney, the leading Frenchmen were involved in a head-on collision with a motorist who mistakenly entered a closed course, wrecking their Citroën DS and hospitalising the pair.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Race action
Hopkirk, the first driver on the scene (ahead of Cowan on the road, but behind on penalties) stopped to tend to the injured and extinguish the flames in the burning cars. Andrew Cowan, next on the scene, also slowed but was waved through with the message that everything was under control. Hopkirk rejoined the rally, and neither he nor Cowan lost penalties in this stage.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, Race action
So Andrew Cowan, who had requested "a car to come last" from the Chrysler factory on the assumption that only half a dozen drivers would even reach Sydney, took victory in his Hillman Hunter and claimed the £10,000 prize. Hopkirk finished second, while Australian Ian Vaughan was third in a factory-entered Ford XT Falcon GT. Ford Australia won the Teams' Prize with their three Falcons GTs, placing 3rd, 6th and 8th.


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, The route
An eight-man organising committee was established to create a suitably challenging but navigable route. Jack Sears, organising secretary and himself a former racing driver, plotted a 7,000-mile course covering eleven countries in as many days, and arranged that the P&O liner SS Chusan would ferry the first 72 cars and their crews on the nine-day voyage from India, before the final 2,900 miles across Australia:


1968 London–Sydney Marathon, The route
The remaining crews departed Bombay at 3 am on Thursday 5 December, arriving in Fremantle at 10 am on Friday 13 December before they restarted in Perth the following evening. Any repairs attempted on the car during the voyage would lead to the crew's exclusion.


1968 Long Beach State 49ers football team
The 1968 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented California State College, Long Beach during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. The 49ers competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).


1968 Long Beach State 49ers football team
This was Cal State Long Beach's last year playing in the College Division, before moving to the University Division in 1969. The team was led by head coach Don Reed, in his eleventh (and last) year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3–7, 1–3 CCAA).


1968 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL
No Long Beach State 49ers were selected in the 1969 NFL Draft.


1968 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1968 Los Angeles Dodgers had a 76–86 record and finished in seventh place in the National League standings, 21 games behind the St. Louis Cardinals. After the season, the Dodgers underwent some changes among the team management when long time general manager Buzzie Bavasi resigned to take over the expansion San Diego Padres. He was replaced by team vice-president Fresco Thompson. However, Thompson was diagnosed with cancer weeks after taking the job and died in November. Al Campanis became the new general manager for the following season.


1968 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1968 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1968 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1968 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1968 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1968 Los Angeles Dodgers season, 1968 Major League Baseball Draft
This was the fourth year of a Major League Baseball Draft. The Dodgers drafted 78 players in the June draft and 23 in the January draft. This was one of the Dodgers most successful drafts in history as they drafted Steve Garvey, Ron Cey, Davey Lopes and Bobby Valentine in this draft.


1968 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1968 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 31st year with the National Football League and the 23rd season in Los Angeles. The season saw the Rams attempting to improve on their 11-1-2 record from 1967 and qualifying for the playoffs for the second straight season. The Rams started off by winning their first six games before losing to the Baltimore Colts for their first loss. After 2 more victories, the Rams tied the San Francisco 49ers. They rebounded by winning their next 2 games and were in firm control of their playoff hopes. However, 2 close losses to the Chicago Bears and Baltimore Colts at home dampened their playoff hopes, and they barely missed the playoffs as a result.


1968 Los Angeles Rams season, Season Recap
Just as they had in 1967, the Rams and Colts staged a season long battle for the Coastal Division title. The Rams won their first six games, but lost to the Colts in Baltimore in week seven, 27-10, to fall into a tie with the Colts. Both teams won their next two games, but then the Rams had to rally from a 10-point 4th quarter deficit to tie the 49ers in San Francisco, 20-20.


1968 Los Angeles Rams season, Season Recap
Going into the second to the last game of the season against the Bears, the Rams trailed the Colts by 1/2 game, with a regular season finale vs. the Colts in Los Angeles looming the following week to decide the title. The Colts won a Saturday game in Green Bay (eliminating the Packers from playoff contention) 16-3. On Sunday, the Bears, the breaks, and the officials all played a role in the Bears 17-16 win that eliminated the Rams. The Bears played inspired defense, even knocking quarterback Roman Gabriel out of the game for a time.


1968 Los Angeles Rams season, Season Recap
The Rams blocked a Bears punt, but it rolled out of the end zone for a safety just before the Rams were about to recover the ball in the end zone for a touchdown. Finally, trailing by a point, Gabriel rallied the Rams and appeared to pass them into field goal range. But a late flag for clipping cost the Rams the gain and set them back 15 yards into their own territory.


1968 Los Angeles Rams season, Season Recap
At the same time, the officials neglected to re-set the down marker back to 3rd down (the down is supposed to go over on a penalty), so when the next play was an incomplete pass, the officials awarded the Bears the ball. The Rams protested vehemently that it was still their ball down but to no avail. The NFL later acknowledged the officials' mistake but said the result of the game could not be changed.


1968 Los Angeles Rams season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1968 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 1968 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. In their second year under head coach Maxie Lambright, the team compiled a 9–2 record.


1968 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1968 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on February 4, 1968. Incumbent Democratic Governor John McKeithen was re-elected to a second term in office. This was the first election in which the Governor was eligible for re-election to a second consecutive term, following a 1966 constitutional referendum. The 1967 primary election resulted in the overwhelming re-nomination of John McKeithen to his second consecutive term as governor, the result of a constitutional amendment approved by voters in 1966, which allows Louisiana governors to serve two  back-to-back terms.


1968 Louisiana gubernatorial election
On November 4, 1967, McKeithen won the Democratic primary with 80.64% of the vote. At this time the Louisiana Republican Party rarely fielded candidates (though they had in 1964), so the Democratic nomination was tantamount to victory. McKeithen won the November general election without an opponent.


1968 Louisiana gubernatorial election, General election
This is the most recent time to date that there was no Republican running in the contest for governor.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1968 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. In their 23rd and final season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 5–5 record (2–3 against conference opponents) and were outscored by a total of 233 to 192.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
The team's statistical leaders included QB Wally Oyler completing 46.7% of passes for 1,410 passing yards and 19 interceptions. RB Herbie Phelps with 468 rushing yards (4.9 yards per carry) and 36 points scored. TE Rick Getch and WR Larry Hart each had 25 receptions for 315 and 375 yards respectively.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1968 Associated Press All-Missouri Valley Conference football team included: FIRST TEAM - Defense - Lee Bouggess, End; Medford Lee, Tackle; Don Cunningham, Middle Guard.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
SECOND TEAM - Offense - Herbie Phelps, Running Back. Defense - Jim Winters, Linebacker; Mike Detenber, Defensive Back.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
HONORABLE MENTION - Offense - Rick Getch, Tight End; Greg Karem, Tackle; Cleo Walker, Center; Wally Oyler, Back.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
Herbie Phelps, Outstanding Offensive Back; Mike Detenber, Outstanding Defensive Back;


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
Rick Getch, Outstanding Offensive Lineman; Best Blocker - Jim Frame;


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
Best Tackler - Don Cunningham; Linebuster Award - Ira Glass;


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
Larry Hart, Outstanding Junior; Jim Winters, Outstanding Sophomore; Tom Mihm, Outstanding Freshman. Most Improved Player - Charles Collins.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team
Scholarship Award, Eli Hallal; Leadership Award, Pete Compise; Johnny Unitas Award Bob Rehl.


1968 Louisville Cardinals football team, 1968 Missouri Valley Conference Academic Honor Roll
Mike Detenber, Brad Evans, Larry Gatti, Richard Getch, Eli Hallal, Greg Karem, Medford Lee.


1968 Louisville riots
The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. The intersection, and Parkland in general, had recently become an important location for Louisville's black community, as the local NAACP branch had moved its office there.


1968 Louisville riots
The crowd was protesting against the possible reinstatement of a white officer who had been suspended for beating a black man some weeks earlier. Several community leaders arrived and told the crowd that no decision had been reached, and alluded to disturbances in the future if the officer was reinstated. By 8:30, the crowd began to disperse.


1968 Louisville riots
However, rumors (which turned out to be untrue) were spread that Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee speaker Stokely Carmichael's plane to Louisville was being intentionally delayed by whites. After bottles were thrown by the crowd, the crowd became unruly and police were called. However the small and unprepared police response simply upset the crowd more, which continued to grow. The police, including a captain who was hit in the face by a bottle, retreated, leaving behind a patrol car, which was turned over and burned.


1968 Louisville riots
By midnight, rioters had looted stores as far east as Fourth Street, overturned cars and started fires.


1968 Louisville riots
Within an hour, Mayor Kenneth A. Schmied requested 700 Kentucky National Guard troops and established a citywide curfew. Violence and vandalism continued to rage the next day, but had subdued somewhat by May 29.   Business owners began to return, although troops remained until June 4. Police made 472 arrests related to the riots. Two black teenage rioters had died, and $200,000 in damage had been done.


1968 Louisville riots
The disturbances had a longer-lasting effect. Most white business owners quickly pulled out or were forced, by the threat of racial violence, out of Parkland and surrounding areas. Most white residents also left the West End, which had been almost entirely white north of Broadway, from subdivision until the 1960s. The riot would have effects that shaped the image which whites would hold of Louisville's West End, that it was predominantly black.


1968 Luxembourg general election
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 15 December 1968. The Christian Social People's Party (CSV) remained the largest party, winning 21 of the 56 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.


1968 Luxembourg general election
In the aftermath of the election, the CSV dropped their previous coalition partners, the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, and formed a new government with the Democratic Party. This led to the creation of the second Werner-Schaus government.


1968 Macdonald Brier
The 1968 Macdonald Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship was held March 4–8 at the Kelowna Arena in Kelowna, British Columbia.


1968 Macdonald Brier
The Ron Northcott rink representing Alberta won their second title with an impressive 9–1 record. It was also the 10th title for Alberta.


1968 Macdonald Brier
Saskatchewan were runners-up, with an 8–2 record. Prince Edward Island finished in third place with a 7-3 record.


1968 Macdonald Brier, Teams
Skip : Bill PierceyThird: Frank M. StentSecond: Thomas A. WarrenLead: William C. Roy


1968 Macdonald Brier, Teams
Skip : Herbert PileThird: Len TremblaySecond: Ross DavisLead: D. Wayne Downey


1968 Macdonald Brier, Teams
Skip : Don FlemmingThird: Chuck Piper Jr.Second: Gregory JeansLead: David Conrad


1968 Macdonald Brier, Teams
Skip : Bill TracyThird: Earl CarsonSecond: Alan R. SullyLead: Ed Wood


1968 Macdonald Brier, Records
The record for the highest combined score in a single match was repeated. It was scored 33 points in the session 11 match between Prince Edward Island (Smith) and Newfoundland (Piercey). The score is 17–16 in the extra end. Previously, this result was in 1932 (session 6, Ontario (Bulley) - new Brunswick (Thibodeau), 17-16) and in 1957 (session 2, Saskatchewan (Campbell) - new Brunswick (Everett), 30 - 3).


1968 Magyar Kupa
The 1968 Magyar Kupa (English: Hungarian Cup) was the 29th season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition.


1968 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1968 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Walter Abbott, the team compiled a 3–5 record (2–3 against conference opponents) and finished in a three-way tie for third place in the Yankee Conference. Donald Loranger, Francis Griffin, and E. Quackenbush were the team captains.


1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 39th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball.


1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The game was held on July 9, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas the home of the Houston Astros of the National League, making this the first All-Star Game to be played indoors. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 1–0. It is the only All-Star Game played without a run batted in (RBI).


1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
This was the first night All-Star Game since 1944. Apart from the 1969 game (which was originally scheduled to be played at night but was postponed to the following afternoon due to rain), all subsequent All-Star Games have been played at night.


1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
The American League was limited to three hits, unable to get a rally going against Don Drysdale, Juan Marichal, Steve Carlton and Tom Seaver, all future Hall of Famers.


1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
A first-inning run scored by Willie Mays on a single, an errant pickoff attempt, a wild pitch by Luis Tiant and a double-play ball gave the winning National league the only run they would need.


1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
Don Wert's eighth-inning double momentarily gave the AL a threat to tie the game, but Seaver struck out the side. In the ninth, with two out, Jerry Koosman was brought in from the bullpen to face Carl Yastrzemski, whose strikeout ended the game.


1968 Major League Baseball draft
The 1968 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft took place prior to the 1968 MLB season. The draft saw the New York Mets take shortstop Tim Foli first overall.


1968 Major League Baseball draft, First round selections
The following are the first round picks in the 1968 Major League Baseball draft.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft
The 1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft was conducted to stock up the rosters of four expansion teams in Major League Baseball created via the 1969 Major League Baseball expansion and which would begin play in the 1969 season.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft
The expansion draft for the Montreal Expos and the San Diego Padres was held on October 14, 1968. The expansion draft for the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots was held on October 15, 1968.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Background, Montreal Expos
On December 2, 1967, Gerry Snyder presented a bid for a Montreal franchise to Major League Baseball's team owners at their winter meetings in Mexico City. One potential wild card in Montreal's favor was that the chair of the National League's expansion committee was influential Los Angeles Dodgers president Walter O'Malley, under whom the minor league Montreal Royals had become affiliated with the Dodgers. On May 27, 1968, O'Malley announced that franchises were being awarded to Montreal and San Diego, beginning play the following year (1969).


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Background, Montreal Expos
Business executive Charles Bronfman of the Seagram's distilling empire owned the new team. With a long history of use in Montreal, the "Royals" was one of the candidate nicknames for the new franchise, but the American League's new Kansas City team adopted this name, so the new owners conducted a contest to name the team. Many names were suggested by Montrealers (including the "Voyageurs" and in a coincidental twist, the "Nationals" — now used by the team in its new home in Washington, D.C.) but there was a clear winner.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Background, Montreal Expos
At the time, the city was still basking in the glow of the recently completed Expo 67, the most popular World's Fair to date, and so the name "Expos" was used. The Expos name also had the advantage of being the same in both English and French, the city's two dominant languages.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Background, San Diego Padres
The Padres adopted their name from the Pacific Coast League team which arrived in San Diego in 1936. That minor league franchise won the PCL title in 1937, led by then-18-year-old San Diego native Ted Williams. Their original owner was C. Arnholt Smith, a prominent San Diego businessman and former owner of the PCL Padres whose interests included banking, tuna fishing, hotels, real estate and an airline. The team was led by longtime baseball executive Buzzie Bavasi.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Background, Kansas City Royals
The "Royals" name originates from the American Royal Livestock Show, held in Kansas City since 1899. Entering Major League Baseball as an expansion franchise in 1969, the club was founded by Ewing Kauffman, a Kansas City businessman. The franchise was established following the actions of Stuart Symington, then-United States Senator from Missouri, who demanded a new franchise for the city after the Athletics—Kansas City's previous major league team—moved to Oakland, California.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Background, Seattle Pilots
Seattle initially had much going for it when it joined the American League in 1969. Seattle had long been a hotbed for minor league baseball and was home to the Seattle Rainiers, one of the pillars of the Pacific Coast League (PCL). The Cleveland Indians had almost moved to Seattle in 1965. Many of the same things that attracted the Indians made Seattle a plum choice for an expansion team. Seattle was the third-biggest metropolitan area on the West Coast (behind Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay Area).


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
The Expos acquired Bobby Wine as compensation after Larry Jackson decided to retire rather than report to Montreal.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Dave Giusti never played for the Padres. He was traded back to the Cardinals two months later for four players.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Hoyt Wilhelm never played for the Royals. He was traded to the California Angels on December 12, 1968 for two players.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Lou Piniella never played for the Pilots. He was traded to the Royals on April 1, 1969.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Jesus Alou, Jack Billingham and Skip Guinn never played for the Expos. Alou and Donn Clendenon were traded to Houston for Rusty Staub. When Clendenon threatened to retire rather than report, Billingham and Guinn were sent to Houston to complete the trade.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Katawczik, Glass, Miklos, Richmond and Click never played in the Majors.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Ike Brookens never played for the Royals. He did not play in the Majors until making his debut with the Detroit Tigers in 1975.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Jimy Williams never played for the Expos or returned to the Majors.


1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Notes
Rick James never played for the Padres or returned to the Majors.


1968 Major League Baseball season
The 1968 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 10 to October 10, 1968. It was the last year of baseball's pre-playoffs era, in which the teams that finished in first place in each league went directly to the World Series to face each other for the "World Championship." A playoff system was developed and debuted in 1969; with the addition of four expansion teams, both leagues were divided into two six-team divisions, with the winners competing in the League Championship Series. It featured the most dominant pitching year of the modern era, and the first season of the Oakland Athletics (having moved from Kansas City after the 1967 season).


1968 Major League Baseball season, The Year of the Pitcher
In Major League Baseball, the trend throughout the 1960s was of increased pitching dominance, caused by enforcing a larger strike zone (top of armpit to bottom of knee) beginning in 1963. The delicate balance of power between offense and defense reached its greatest tilt in favor of the pitcher by 1968.


1968 Major League Baseball season, The Year of the Pitcher
During what later became known as "the year of the pitcher", Bob Gibson set a modern earned run average record of 1.12 and a World Series record of 17 strikeouts in Game 1, while Series opponent Denny McLain of the Detroit Tigers won 31 regular season games, the only player to reach the 30 win milestone since Dizzy Dean in 1934. Don Drysdale of the L.A. Dodgers pitched six consecutive shutout games in May and June, ending with 58 and 2/3 scoreless innings.


1968 Major League Baseball season, The Year of the Pitcher
Mickey Lolich won three complete games in the World Series, the last player as of today to do so. Luis Tiant of the Cleveland Indians had the American League's lowest ERA at 1.60 and allowed a batting average of only .168, a major league record (since broken by Pedro Martínez in 2000). Both MVPs for that year were pitchers.


1968 Major League Baseball season, The Year of the Pitcher
339 shutouts were recorded in 1,619 regular-season games. The St. Louis Cardinals alone pitched 30 shutouts, the most in the majors. The 472 runs they allowed remains the lowest total ever recorded by any major league team in a 162-game season.


1968 Major League Baseball season, The Year of the Pitcher
Hitting was anemic. Carl Yastrzemski of the Boston Red Sox had the lowest batting average of any league champion when his .301 was good enough for the American League batting title. The AL's collective slugging average of .339 remains the lowest since 1915 (when the game was still in the so-called dead-ball era), while the collective batting average of .230 is the all-time lowest. The Chicago White Sox scored only 463 runs during the regular season and were shut out a league-high 23 times. Both those totals are still all-time records in the era of the 162-game season.


1968 Major League Baseball season, The Year of the Pitcher
After the season, the Rules Committee, seeking to restore balance, restored the pre-1963 strike zone and lowered the height of the pitching mound from 15 to 10 inches (38 to 25 cm). Four expansion teams joined the majors, and batting averages in 1969 returned to their historical averages; never again would pitching have as large a statistical average over batting in the major leagues.


1968 Major League Baseball season, The Year of the Pitcher
The rookie minimum salary, $7,000 in 1967, was increased to $10,000 in 1968.


1968 Maldivian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in the Maldives on 15 March 1968. The main question was whether to convert the state from a constitutional monarchy under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi, to a presidential system. The referendum was the third on the subject; the first in 1952 had seen the state convert to a presidential system, whilst a second in 1953 reversed the decision and saw the monarchy restored in 1954.


1968 Maldivian constitutional referendum
The proposals were approved by over 80% of voters, and a republic was declared on 11 November that year. Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir would become president.


1968 Maldivian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Maldives on 27 September 1968. The election took the form of a referendum on the candidacy of Ibrahim Nasir, who was supported by 97% of voters. The country was declared a republic on 11 November.


1968 Maldivian presidential election, Background
A referendum in March had resulted in a large majority (81%) voting in favour of replacing the sultanate with a republic. On 9 September the Majlis held a vote on the presidential candidates, with Nasir receiving 35 votes and Musa Fathi one vote.


1968 Maldivian presidential election, Background
In accordance with the constitution, a referendum was subsequently held on Nasir's candidacy.


1968 Malian coup d'état
The 1968 Malian coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Mali staged on 19 November 1968 against the government of President Modibo Keïta. The coup was led by Lieutenant (later Major General) Moussa Traoré, who then became the head of state.


1968 Malian coup d'état, Background
President Keïta, father of Malian independence, had ruled a socialist government since 1960, supported by his party, the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally (US-RDA). However, his politics faced economic difficulties. In 1966, he suspended the constitution and the parliament, replaced by a Comité National de Défense de la Révolution with full powers. The population was increasingly dissatisfied by the government. A coup was plotted by Malian junior officers, in particular lieutenants Moussa Traoré, Tiécoro Bagayoko, Kissima Doukara, Youssouf Traoré and Filifing Sissoko, and non-commissioned officers such as adjudant-chef Soungalo Samaké. The Malian senior officers had little or no control on their subordinates.


1968 Malian coup d'état, Background
Unlike many putsches in French former colonies, this one was not supported by foreign actors. The two prominent organizers of pro-Western coups in Africa, Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast, and Jacques Foccart, adviser for African affairs of Charles de Gaulle, President of France, were surprised by the coup.


1968 Malian coup d'état, The coup
During the night of November 18–19, at midnight, the putschists gathered the Kati garrison and announced them their intentions. The telephone network was cut off at 2 am and cadres of the US-RDA were arrested before dawn. The soldiers stopped President Keïta's convoy as he was going back to Bamako from Mopti. They wanted him to be arrested at Koulikoro when landing from his riverboat, the Général Abdoulaye Soumaré, but Keïta was ahead of schedule and his Citroën DS was blocked at 10 am at Kayo, a few kilometers from Bamako.


1968 Malian coup d'état, The coup
Lieutenant Bagayoko asked "Monsieur le président, voulez-vous vous mettre à la disposition de l’armée ? [ Mr. President, would you like to make yourself available to the army?]" and the officers forced him into a BTR-152 armored personnel carrier. He was brought to the center of the capital by 11:30. They demand him to stop his socialist policy and to replace his collaborators but Modibo Keïta refused, arguing he was democratically elected as a socialist. However, according to Captain Abdoulaye Ouologuem, driver of the presidential car, the mutineers only demanded new elections but the president refused. The military faction then broadcast a radio message announcing "the dictatorial regime [...] has fallen".


1968 Malian coup d'état, Consequences
Due to the poor economic record of president Keïta, the coup was well received by the population. However, the immediate causes for the coup were overwhelming financial and economic problems, made worse by an especially poor harvest in 1968. Modibo Keïta and other cadres of the previous regime were imprisoned in Kidal and Taoudenni. Modibo Keïta died in captivity in Bamako in 1977.


1968 Malian coup d'état, Consequences
Ten lieutenants (Moussa Traoré, Baba Diarra, Youssouf Traoré, Filifing Sissoko, Tiécoro Bagayoko, Joseph Marat, Mamadou Sanogho, Cissema Toukara, Moussa Kone and Karim Dembele) and four captains (Yoro Diakité, Malik Diallo, Charles Cissoko and Mamadou Cissoko) formed the Military Committee for National Liberation. Moussa Traoré became its Chairman and promised democracy and free elections, that never came. He was proclaimed President in 1969 and ruled the country until he was deposed in the 1991 coup d'état.


1968 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1968 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented Marshall University in the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by first-year coach Perry Moss, in his only season. They were outscored 129–358 by their opponents. The Thundering Herd finished the season 0–9–1 overall and 0–6 in MAC play to place last.


1968 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
This marked Marshall's final season in the MAC as they were suspended indefinitely from the conference due to committing a number of recruiting violations. Marshall would rejoin the MAC in 1997.


1968 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 1968 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. In their second and final season under head coach Bob Ward, the Terrapins compiled a 2–8 record (2–5 in conference), finished in seventh place in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and were outscored by their opponents 299 to 171. The team's statistical leaders included Alan Pastrana with 1,053 passing yards, Billy Lovett with 963 rushing yards, and Rick Carlson with 359 receiving yards.


1968 Maryland Terrapins men's soccer team
The 1968 Maryland Terrapins men's soccer team represented the University of Maryland, College Park during the 1968 NCAA soccer season. It was the program's 23rd season of existence and their 20th season in the Atlantic Coast Conference.


1968 Maryland Terrapins men's soccer team
The 1968 season was the first season where the Maryland Terrapins men's soccer program claimed an NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship, earning co-champion honors with Michigan State. The Terrapins were led by freshman Rocco Morelli, who scored a season-record 20 goals for the Terrapins. Since the 2017 season, it is the most goals in a college soccer season an individual has posted. Morelli also led the team with 46 total points, which remained the most points per individual in a season until Jason Garey broke the record in 2004. Midfielder, Larry Ruhs led Maryland in assists on the season, tallying seven total assists.


1968 Maryland Terrapins men's soccer team
At the time, it was the Terps third ever season where they finished undefeated, and their first since 1958. To date, it is the most recent season where Maryland finished a season undefeated.


1968 Maryland Terrapins men's soccer team, Roster
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1968 Masters Tournament
The 1968 Masters Tournament was the 32nd Masters Tournament, held April 11–14 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.


1968 Masters Tournament
Bob Goalby won his only major championship, one stroke ahead of Roberto De Vicenzo, the reigning British Open champion. On the back nine in the final round, Goalby birdied 13 and 14 and eagled 15 to record a 66 (−6) and a total of 277 (−11).


1968 Masters Tournament
At first it appeared that he had tied De Vicenzo and the two would meet in an 18-hole Monday playoff, but De Vicenzo returned an incorrect scorecard showing a par 4 on the 17th hole, instead of a birdie 3, sunk with a two-foot putt. Playing partner Tommy Aaron incorrectly marked the 4 and De Vicenzo failed to catch the mistake and signed the scorecard. USGA rules stated that the higher written score signed by a golfer on his card must stand, and the error gave Goalby the championship.


1968 Masters Tournament
Speaking to the press after the error, De Vincenzo said, "What a stupid I am."


1968 Masters Tournament
Ironically, Goalby discovered a scoring error he had made on the card he was keeping for Raymond Floyd, his playing partner in the final round, which he corrected at the scorer's tent. He had marked Floyd down for a par-3 on the 16th hole, when Floyd had actually bogeyed the hole. Floyd ended up in a tie for seventh place with, among others, Aaron. Both Aaron and Floyd would win the Masters in future years, Aaron in 1973 and Floyd in 1976.


1968 Masters Tournament
Jack Nicklaus tied for fifth place and third-round leader Gary Player finished tied for seventh. Lee Trevino, 28, made his Masters debut and was two strokes back after three rounds, tied for seventh place. A rough back nine of 43 (+7) pushed his score to 80 and he finished tied for 40th. Two months later, he won the 1968 U.S. Open, the first of his six major titles. The Masters was the only major that eluded him; his best finish was a tie for tenth, in 1975 and 1985. Citing incompatibility, Trevino skipped Augusta three times in the early 1970s, and missed in 1977 due to a bad back.


1968 Masters Tournament
In his fourteenth Masters at age 38, four-time champion Arnold Palmer found the water three times during a second round 79 for 151 and missed the cut for the first time at Augusta. He made the next seven cuts, through 1975.


1968 Masters Tournament
Bob Rosburg won the ninth Par 3 contest on Wednesday with a score of 22. Claude Harmon, 51, had consecutive aces at the fourth and fifth holes, but tied for third at 24. The next day, Harmon withdrew in the first round after a nine-hole score of 40.


1968 Masters Tournament, Course
^ Holes 1, 2, 4, and 11 were later renamed.


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Gay Brewer (8,11), Jack Burke Jr., Doug Ford, Ralph Guldahl, Claude Harmon, Herman Keiser, Cary Middlecoff, Jack Nicklaus (2,3,4,9,10), Arnold Palmer (8,9,11), Henry Picard, Gary Player (2,8,9), Sam Snead (8), Art Wall Jr. (9)


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Al Geiberger (10,11), Don January (9,10), Dave Marr (8,9), Bobby Nichols (8,11)


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Vinny Giles (a), William C. Campbell (7,a), Downing Gray (7,a), Doug Olson (a)


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Tommy Aaron, George Archer, Jacky Cupit, Wes Ellis (9), Paul Harney, Jay Hebert, Lionel Hebert, Bob Rosburg, Mason Rudolph, Doug Sanders (11), Bert Yancey


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Deane Beman, Gardner Dickinson (11), Bob Goalby (10), Dutch Harrison, Jerry Pittman, Lee Trevino, Tom Weiskopf


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Frank Beard, Don Bies, Gene Littler (11), Don Massengale, Dan Sikes


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Miller Barber, Charles Coody, Raymond Floyd, Dave Hill, R. H. Sikes, Kermit Zarley


1968 Masters Tournament, Field
Al Balding (9), Peter Butler (8), Joe Carr (a), Bob Charles (3), Chen Ching-Po, Clive Clark, Gary Cowan (6,a), Roberto De Vicenzo (3,8), Bruce Devlin (8), Malcolm Gregson, Harold Henning, Tommy Horton, Tony Jacklin (8), George Knudson, Kel Nagle (9), Hideyo Sugimoto, Raul Travieso


1968 Masters Tournament, Round summaries, Final round, Scorecard
^ De Vicenzo actually birdied the 17th hole, but signed for a par on his scorecard.


1968 Mauritian riots
The 1968 Mauritian riots refers to a number of violent clashes that occurred in the Port Louis neighbourhoods of Cité Martial and Plaine Verte in Mauritius over a period of ten days, six weeks before the country's declaration of independence on 12 March 1968. The riot was the result of communal conflict between the predominantly Christian creoles and Muslims over concerns arising from the country's future political dispensation following independence.


1968 Mauritian riots, Riots
Political tension was high at the time due to uncertainty about the future political situation in the country after independence. With about half the country being against independence due to concerns that they might lose out in the new government. The army viewed the riot as being the result of street gang rivalries between the Istanbul Muslim gang and the rival Texas Creole gang in Port Louis that had expanded and been exacerbated by political uncertainty due to the coming declaration of independence. Another gang of Creoles called Mafia joined forces with the Texas gang. The gang clashes led to the deaths of a Muslim and a Christian which sparked a spiral of violence between the communities.


1968 Mauritian riots, Riots
Order was restored by a company of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry called in from Singapore after a state of emergency was declared by the British authorities on 22 January 1968 and lasted for ten days. In their effort to restore order the British deployed three Bell H-13 Sioux helicopters and around 150 troops. Violence was contained to the urban areas of Port Louis and did not spread to the rest of the island.


1968 Mauritian riots, Riots
At least 29 people died before British troops and Mauritian police quelled the fighting. Prior to the riots the neighbourhoods of Cité Martial and Plaine Verte had been ethnically mixed areas for over a hundred years. The riots resulted in the two communities becoming ethnically heterogeneous communities.


1968 Mauritian riots, Riots
The 1968 riots were the worst period of social turmoil in Mauritius since the Uba riots of 1937, 1943 Belle Vue Harel Massacre, 1965 Mauritius race riots and 1967 Port Louis riots.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
The 1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 42nd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 18 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
No team was regraded from the S.F.C. the previous year.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
This year marked United Gaels first year in existence as a result of the amalgamation of Junior 'A' clubs Drumconrath and Meath Hill.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
Dunshaughlin and Athboy were promoted after claiming the 1967 Meath Junior Football Championship title and Junior 'A' Divisional runners-up spot respectively. Dunderry were also promoted after their application to be promoted was granted by the County Board.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
At the end of the season United Gaels applied to be regraded to the 1969 J.F.C.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
On 20 October 1968, Slane claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Bohermeen 1-9 to 1-7 in the final in Pairc Tailteann.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1967 championship season.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage
There are 4 groups called Group A, B, C and D. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Semi-Finals. Many results were unavailable.


1968 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
The teams in the Semi-Finals are the first and second placed teams from each group.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship
The 1968 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 76th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 13 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship
This season saw Seneschalstown's debut in the top flight after claiming the 1967 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship
Kilbride were the defending champions after they defeated Navan O'Mahonys in the previous years final, however this year they failed to make it past the group phase.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship
This season was unique in which both Semi-Finals required a 2nd Replay to decide the fixture.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship
Gaeil Colmcille claimed their 1st S.F.C. title on 14 December 1969 when defeating Walterstown in the final 3-17 to 1-4 at Pairc Tailteann. Harry Campbell raised the Keegan Cup for the Kells outfit.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1967 championship season.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
The winners and runners up of each group qualify for the semi-finals.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
At a County Board meeting on Monday 23 September, O'Mahonys and Walterstown delegates laid the blame on each other. The Board decided to interview neutral delegates present at the match and these were brought forward to the County Board meeting on Monday 30 September in the C.Y.M.S. Hall in Navan. After two hours of unrelenting discussion, no final decision was made relating to the incidents which occurred. On Monday 4 November however, County Board delegates chose not to disqualify Walterstown from the competition and the match was refixed.


1968 Meath Senior Football Championship, Knock-out Stages
All of these event came after a Feis Cup match between the sides the previous year at Kilmessan on 16 April 1967 was abandoned due to a melee on the pitch after a Walterstown player received his marching orders for striking, in which the points were later awarded to the Navan O'Mahonys men.


1968 Meckering earthquake
The Western Australian town of Meckering was struck by an earthquake on 14 October 1968. The earthquake occurred at 10:58:52 local time, with a moment magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Total damage amounted to $2.2 million with 20–28 injured.


1968 Meckering earthquake
The shallow fault was about 32 kilometres (20 mi) long around the western side of the town of Meckering. It damaged roads including the Great Eastern Highway, the Eastern Goldfields Railway and the Goldfields water pipeline. It formed a fault scarp up to 1.5 metres (5 ft) high with overthrusting to the west of up to 2 metres (7 ft) and strike-slip displacement of up to 0.9 metres (3 ft).


1968 Meckering earthquake
The effect of the earthquake involved structures in Perth, the capital of Western Australia 130 km west of Meckering. It occurred mid-morning of a public holiday, the Queen's Birthday and theatres were packed with children.


1968 Meistaradeildin, Overview
It was contested by 5 teams, and KÍ Klaksvík won the championship.


1968 Memorial Cup
The 1968 Memorial Cup  was the 50th annual Memorial Cup competition, organized by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) to determine the champion of junior A ice hockey. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Niagara Falls Flyers of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Estevan Bruins of the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at the Niagara Falls Memorial Arena in Niagara Falls, Ontario and at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec, Niagara Falls won their 2nd Memorial Cup, defeating Estevan 4 games to 1.


1968 Memorial Cup
CAHA vice-president Lloyd Pollock oversaw the schedule, and used the Montreal Forum to increase profits for CAHA, since Maple Leaf Gardens was not available and due to the smaller size of the Niagara Falls Memorial Arena.


1968 Memorial Cup, Winning roster
Steve Atkinson, Doug Brindley, Russ Frieson, Karl Haggarty, Doug Keeler, Mike Keeler, Rick Ley, Don Makey, Phil Myre, Jim Notman, Phil Roberto, Ron Schwindt, Brad Selwood, Garry Swain, Don Tannahill, Dave Tataryn, Rick Thompson, Ross Webley, Tom Webster. Coach: Paul Emms


1968 Memphis State Tigers football team
The 1968 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. In its 11th season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, the team compiled a 6–4 record (4–0 against conference opponents), won the MVC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 258 to 170. The team played its home games at Memphis Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.


1968 Memphis State Tigers football team
The team's statistical leaders included Danny Pierce with 925 passing yards, Ray Jamieson with 573 rushing yards, Preston Riley with 484 receiving yards, and Jay McCoy with 60 points scored.


1968 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The 1968 British Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 12–20 December 1967. Jonah Barrington won his second consecutive title defeating Abdelfattah Abou Taleb in the final.


1968 Men's British Open Squash Championship, Draw and results, First round
Mike Thurgur 	beat	 M McDonald 	9-2 10-9 9-0 Clive Francis	beat	 John Upton 	9-4 9-4 9-2 Aly Abdel Aziz 	beat	 J L Moore 	9-0 9-2 9-6 Mike Hill 	beat	 John Skinner 	5-9 9-2 9-2 9-6 Nigel Broomfield 	beat	 Patrick Keenan 	9-2 9-5 9-1 Richard Boddington 	beat	 Samir Nadim 	9-5 9-10 9-4 5-9 9-3 Chris Stahl 	beat	 Richard White 	9-2 9-6 6-9 9-4 Nigel Faulks 	beat	 J S Barton 9-5 6-9 9-1 9-5 Barry Jones 	beat	 T D Phillips	4-9 10-8 9-5 6-9 9-1 Peter Richards 	beat	 Philip E Goodwin 	9-7 9-3 ret John Ward 	beat	 Peter Stokes 	9-4 9-3 8-10 2-0 9-6 Don Innes 	beat	 Paul Millman 	4-9 9-6 10-9 9-0 John Easter 	beat	 Chris Orriss 	9-2 9-3 4-9 9-5 Alan Sims 	beat	 Arthur Catherine 	9-6 2-9 9-7 9-5 Peter Chalk	beat	 John Ward 	4-9 9-7 9-1 9-10 9-6 Michael Griffiths 	beat	 Richard Hawkey 	9-7 9-5 4-9 10-8