1969–70 Sussex County Football League, Division Two
Division Two featured twelve clubs which competed in the division last season, along with three new clubs:


1969–70 Svenska Cupen
Svenska Cupen 1969–70 was the fifteenth season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 28 May 1970 with the final, held at Studenternas IP, Uppsala. Åtvidabergs FF won 2-0 against Sandvikens IF before an attendance of 3,110 spectators.


1969–70 Svenska Cupen, Quarter-finals
Three quarter finals were held on 11 October 1969, the remaining quarter final was held on 20 March 1970. The replay match was held on 4 April 1970.


1969–70 Svenska Cupen, Semi-finals
The semi-finals in this round were played on 7 May 1969, the replay match was played on 18 May 1969.


1969–70 Svenska Cupen, Final
The final was played on 28 May 1970 at Studenternas IP.


1969–70 Swedish Division I season
The 1969–70 Swedish Division I season was the 26th season of Swedish Division I. Brynas IF won the league title by finishing first in the final round.


1969–70 Swindon Town F.C. season
The 1969–70 season was Swindon Town's first season in the Division Two after promotion from Division Three in 1969. In what proved to be a historic season for Swindon as the club added to its first major piece of silverware, the League Cup by winning the Anglo-Italian Cup and Anglo-Italian Cup Winners' Cup.


1969–70 Tercera División
The 1969–70 Tercera División season is the 36th since its establishment.


1969–70 Toronto Maple Leafs season
The 1969–70 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 53rd season of play of the NHL Toronto franchise and 43rd as the Maple Leafs. After qualifying for the playoffs the previous season, the Leafs fell to last-place in the NHL East and did not qualify for the playoffs, marking the first time since 1958 that the club endured a last place finish.


1969–70 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Offseason
Punch Imlach's term as Maple Leafs' general manager ended after the 1969 playoffs. Jim Gregory, who had been an executive with the Toronto Marlboros was named general manager, the first new GM for the Maple Leafs since 1957.


1969–70 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Transactions
The Maple Leafs have been involved in the following transactions during the 1969–70 season.


1969–70 Tweede Divisie
The Dutch Tweede Divisie in the 1969–70 season was contested by 17 teams. sc Heerenveen won the championship and were promoted to the Eerste Divisie along with runners-up FC Wageningen.


1969–70 UC Irvine Anteaters men's basketball team
The 1969–70 UC Irvine Anteaters men's basketball team represented the University of California, Irvine during the 1969–70 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. The Anteaters were led by first year head coach Tim Tift and played their home games at Crawford Hall. The anteaters finished the season with a record 17–9.


1969–70 UC Irvine Anteaters men's basketball team, Previous Season
The 1967–68 UC Irvine Anteaters finished with a record of 19–9 under second year coach Dick Davis. They were invited to the 1969 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament where they lost to the San Francisco State Gators in the regional semifinals and defeated theUC Davis Aggies in the regional third place game. The anteaters finished the season with a record 19–9. At the end of the season, head coach Dick Davis accepted the head coach position at San Diego State and frosh coach Tim Tift was promoted to replace him as the anteater's head coach.


1969–70 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team
The 1969–70 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team won its fourth consecutive NCAA National Basketball Championship, the sixth in seven years under head coach John Wooden, despite the departure of Lew Alcindor to the NBA, with a win over Jacksonville.


1969–70 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team
The team was honored forty years later in 2010, at halftime of the UCLA-Oregon game on February 27.


1969–70 USC Trojans men's basketball team
The 1969–70 USC Trojans men's basketball team represented the University of Southern California during the 1969–70 NCAA University Division men's basketball season.


1969–70 USM Alger season
In the 1969–70 season, USM Alger is competing in the Championnat National for the 4th season, as well as the Algerian Cup. They will be competing in Championnat National, and the Algerian Cup.


1969–70 USM Alger season, Squad list
Players and squad numbers last updated on 1 September 1969.Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1969–70 USM Alger season, Squad information, Goalscorers
Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total goals are equal.


1969–70 United States network television schedule
The following is the 1969–70 network television schedule for the three major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1969 through August 1970. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1968–69 season.


1969–70 United States network television schedule
Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.


1969–70 United States network television schedule
The National Educational Television (NET) was in operation, but the schedule was set by each local station.


1969–70 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC
Note: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.


1969–70 United States network television schedule (daytime)
The 1969–70 daytime network television schedule for the three major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers the weekday and weekend daytime hours from September 1969 to August 1970.


1969–70 United States network television schedule (late night)
These are the late night Monday-Friday schedules on all three networks for each calendar season beginning September 1969. All times are Eastern/Pacific.


1969–70 United States network television schedule (late night)
Talk/Variety shows are highlighted in yellow, Local News & Programs are highlighted in white.


1969–70 Vehicle & General Australasian knock-out competition
The 1969–70 Vehicle & General Australasian knock-out competition was an List A tournament took place from November 1969 to January 1970. It was the first season of the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament. Seven teams representing six states in Australia and New Zealand took part in the competition in a knockout format. The competition began on 22 November 1969 when Victoria took on Tasmania at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.


1969–70 Vehicle & General Australasian knock-out competition
After five matches was played, the final took placed on 1 January 1970 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground between Victoria and New Zealand. After winning the toss, Victoria would be bowled out for 129 with New Zealand chasing the total down with six wickets to spare.


1969–70 Vehicle & General Australasian knock-out competition, Format
The first season of the competition was a straight knockout competition between the six states of Australia and a team that represented New Zealand at domestic level.


1969–70 WCHL season
The 1969–70 WCHL season was the fourth season of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Eight teams completed a 60-game season, with the Flin Flon Bombers winning their second consecutive President's Cup.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
The WCHL annual meeting was scheduled from June 20 to 22 in Saskatoon, but was postponed until June 19 to 21 in Calgary, due to lack of accommodation in Saskatoon. The WCHL planned to operate the 1969–70 season with the same eight teams from the previous season. Twenty players from the WCHL were chosen in the 1969 NHL amateur draft.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
Since the WCHL was operating under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Hockey Association instead of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA), league president Ron Butlin initiated legal action for draft payments made by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the CAHA. The WCHL reached a gate receipt sharing plan, where larger cities would assist the smaller cities in the WCHL.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
A tentative agreement was announced on July 30, 1969, where the WCHL would rejoin the CAHA. According to the agreement, the WCHL would not expand this season and it was too late to have representation on the CAHA's junior committee. There were no plans for the WCHL to participate in the 1970 Memorial Cup. Outstanding fees from the NHL draft would be paid out, and WCHL teams would not deal directly with the NHL. WCHL teams were allowed to claim a maximum of one player from lower-tier CAHA teams.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
The WCHL still wanted to reserve the right to place a club anywhere in Western Canada without seeking CAHA approval. The tentative agreement had not been approved by the CAHA as of September 16, 1969, and the WCHL had still not accepted the terms of the agreement as of September 29, 1969.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
Butlin stated that peace talks with the CAHA had stopped due to financial issues, and the league would begin its season outside of CAHA jurisdiction. He stated that the WCHL wanted the development fees released to its teams immediately, whereas the CAHA reportedly wanted to hold the money as a bond in good faith until May 1970. CAHA president Earl Dawson granted an extension until October 8, 1969, for the WCHL to decide. A joint meeting with the NHL was refused since the professionals deems it was an amateur issue only.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
Dawson terminated negotiations on October 9, but individual teams in the WCHL were still welcomed to apply for CAHA membership. WCHL teams were reportedly offered $5,000 per team in subsidies from the CAHA, but had asked for the same $7,000 given to teams in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA). After it was apparent the WCHL would not rejoin the CAHA, the WCHL and the OHA began to compete for players from each other's league. On October 17, 1969, the WCHL resumed legal action to recover development payments from the NHL made to the CAHA.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
The Western Ontario Junior A Hockey League wanted to continue the east-west Canadian Hockey Association final series, and felt that their teams were stronger than previous season due to more over-age players on its rosters who had previously played in the OHA. Butlin was hesitant to agree due to last year's final being incomplete and WCHL teams were concerned about the imbalance of talent.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
The Winnipeg Free Press reported that Butlin would agree to let WCHL players participate on the Canada men's national ice hockey team when the 1970 Ice Hockey World Championships were scheduled to be hosted in Canada. After Canada withdrew from international play and hosting the 1970 Ice Hockey World Championships, Butlin gave permission for WCHL teams to sign former players of the Canadian national team, providing that players had fulfilled all contractual obligations. He later retracted that permission since the WCHL constitution did not allow players to be signed after February 10, for any reason.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
The Medicine Hat Tigers were accepted as a new team for the 1970–71 WCHL season. Butlin attempted to expand the WCHL westward into British Columbia, and invited the Victoria Cougars of the British Columbia Junior Hockey League to join. He also wanted to see teams in Vancouver and New Westminster. Team owners in Victoria made it known publicly they were interested in the WCHL, as did ownership of the Vancouver Centennials. Westward expansion faced skepticism by some team owners in established cities due to the lower calibre of the new teams, and more time away from the players' schooling to travel further.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
A meeting in March 1970 between the WCHL and the CAHA to resolve all differences ended after just 15 minutes. Butlin reported that the WCHL was asked to accept the same conditions as any other junior league under CAHA jurisdiction, instead of recognizing the existing grievances.


1969–70 WCHL season, League business
The main issues between the WCHL and the CAHA were, transfer of players between provinces, the number of over-age players per team, development fees from the NHL, subsidy from the CAHA for operational costs, a guaranteed berth in the Memorial Cup final, sharing of profits from playoffs, and the right to relocate any franchise without CAHA approval.


1969–70 WCHL season, Regular season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes


1969–70 WCHL season, All-Star game
The 1969–70 WCHL all-star game was held in Edmonton, Alberta, with the WCHL All-stars defeating the Edmonton Oil Kings 7–2 before a crowd of 4,753.


1969–70 WIHL season
1969–70 was the 23rd season of the Western International Hockey League.


1969–70 WIHL season
The Western International Hockey League played an interleague schedule with the Alberta Senior Hockey League.


1969–70 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final (best of 7)
The Spokane Jets advanced to the 1969-70 Western Canada Allan Cup Playoffs.


1969–70 Washington Caps season
The 1969–70 Washington Caps season was the first and only one for the franchise in the American Basketball Association. On August 21, 1969, the Oakland Oaks moved to Washington, D.C., due to substantial financial losses despite winning the second-ever ABA championship only weeks earlier. The franchise was purchased for $2.6 million by a group led by Earl Foreman, Thomas Shaheen and Louis Diamond.


1969–70 Washington Caps season
However reluctantly, superstar forward Rick Barry was among seven members of the talented Oaks team who made the move from coast to coast. It was grossly misplaced in the Western Division, however, which resulted in a brutal travel schedule. Not only did the team have to compete against the NBA's more established Baltimore Bullets nearby, but it lacked a modern arena to attract fans and forge a home-court advantage. It played several designated home games at neutral sites, including five in Los Angeles, nearly 2,700 miles from home.


1969–70 Washington Caps season
Despite these hardships, the Caps did well to finish in third place with a respectable 44-40 record and earn a playoff berth. They faced the Denver Rockets in round one, losing in seven games despite Barry's heroic 52-point performance in Game 7 on the road. It marked the first and to date only time that a player scored as many as 50 points in a seventh game at the ABA or NBA level.


1969–70 Washington Caps season
In anticipation of an ABA–NBA merger that would take years to complete, Foreman was encouraged to move the team from Washington to placate the Bullets after the season. For the third time in as many years, the franchise played in a different state in the 1969-70 campaign, this time as a regional team known as Virginia Squires.


1969–70 Washington Huskies men's basketball team
The 1969–70 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1969–70 NCAA college basketball season. Led by second-year head coach Tex Winter, the Huskies were members of the Pacific-8 Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.


1969–70 Washington Huskies men's basketball team
The Huskies were 17–9 overall in the regular season and 7–7 in conference play, fifth in the standings.


1969–70 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team
The 1969–70 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State University for the 1969–70 college basketball season. Led by twelfth-year head coach Marv Harshman, the Cougars were members of the Pacific-8 Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.


1969–70 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team
The Cougars were 19–7 overall in the regular season and 9–5 in conference play, tied for second in the standings.


1969–70 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team
After dropping consecutive games to champion UCLA, the Cougars finished the season on a six-game winning streak. Their overall record was the best at Washington State since the national runner-up season (26–6) of 1940–41.


1969–70 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team
The 1969–70 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team represented Weber State College during the 1969–70 NCAA University Division basketball season. Members of the Big Sky Conference, the Wildcats were led by second-year head coach Phil Johnson and played their home games on campus at Wildcat Gym in Ogden, Utah. They were 19–7 in the regular season and 12–3 in conference play.


1969–70 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team
The conference tournament was six years away, and for the third consecutive season, Weber State won the Big Sky title and played in the 25-team NCAA Tournament. In the West regional at nearby Provo, they met Jerry Tarkanian's Long Beach State 49ers in the first round and lost by 19 points.


1969–70 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team
Junior forward Willie Sojourner was a unanimous selection to the all-conference team, joined by senior guard Sessions Harlan. Sojourner was an honorable mention AP All-American twice and was All-Big Sky for three consecutive seasons.


1969–70 Weber State Wildcats men's basketball team
After the following season, Johnson became an assistant in the NBA with the Chicago Bulls under Dick Motta, whom he had played for in high school in Idaho and coached under at Weber.


1969–70 Welsh Cup
The 1969–70 FAW Welsh Cup is the 83rd season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.


1969–70 Welsh Cup, Fifth round
Nine winners from the Fourth round and seven new clubs.


1969–70 West Midlands (Regional) League
The 1969–70 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 70th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire.


1969–70 West Midlands (Regional) League, Premier Division
The Premier Division featured 19 clubs which competed in the division last season, no new clubs joined the division this season.


1969–70 Western Football League
The 1969–70 season was the 68th in the history of the Western Football League.


1969–70 Western Football League
The champions for the third time in their history were Glastonbury.


1969–70 Western Football League, Final table
The league was increased from 19 to 20 clubs after no clubs left and one new club joined:


1969–70 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team
The 1969–70 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky University during the 1969-70 NCAA basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by Ohio Valley Conference Coach of the Year John Oldham and OVC Player of the Year Jim McDaniels. WKU won the OVC season championship, going undefeated in conference play, and the automatic bid to the 1970 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. No conference tournament was held, so the bid was awarded to the season champion. Jerome Perry and Jim Rose joined McDaniels on the All-OVC Team.


1969–70 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team
The 1969–1970 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin–Madison. The head coach was John Powless, coaching his second season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.


1969–70 Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team
The 1969–70 Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Yale University during the 1969–70 men's college basketball season. The Bulldogs, led by 14th year head coach Joe Vancisin, played their home games at John J. Lee Amphitheater of the Payne Whitney Gymnasium and were members of the Ivy League. They finished the season 11–13, 7–7 in Ivy League play to finish in fourth place.


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup
The 1969–70 Yorkshire Cup was the sixty-second occasion on which the  Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup
Hull F.C. won the trophy by beating Featherstone Rovers by the score of 12-9


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup
The match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 11,089 and receipts were £3,419


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup
This was only Hull FC's second Yorkshire Cup win (the previous being in 1923) in thirteen Final appearances and in many quarters the club had been classed as "the bridesmaid but never the bride". It was also to be Featherstone Rovers's first of two successive final defeats


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup
This was the last Yorkshire Cup final for 9 years in which the attendance would reach 10,000


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup, Background
This season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no "leavers" and so the total of entries remained the  same at sixteen.


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup, Background
This in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers
Scoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments
1 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar
The Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden).


1969–70 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar
The Rugby League season always (until the onset of "Summer Rugby" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)


1969–70 Yorkshire Football League
The 1969–70 Yorkshire Football League was the 44th season in the history of the Yorkshire Football League, a football competition in England. At the end of this season the league expanded up to three divisions.


1969–70 Yorkshire Football League, Division One
Division One featured 14 clubs which competed in the previous season, along with four new clubs, promoted from Division Two:


1969–70 Yorkshire Football League, Division Two
Division Two featured eleven clubs which competed in the previous season, along with seven new clubs.


1969–70 Yugoslav Cup
The 1969–70 Yugoslav Cup was the 23rd season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the "Marshal Tito Cup" (Kup Maršala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.


1969–70 Yugoslav First Basketball League
The 1969–70 Yugoslav First Basketball League season was the 26th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.


1969–70 Yugoslav First League
The 1969–70 Yugoslav First League season was the 24th season of the First Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football league of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Eighteen teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their tenth national title.


1969–70 Yugoslav First League, Match fixing attempt
Before the league fixture in Ljubljana between Olimpija Ljubljana and FK Sarajevo on November 17, 1969, Sarajevo's goalkeeper Refik Muftić reported to the authorities a bribery attempt by a man unknown to him who reportedly wanted him to throw the match in return for 2,000 Yugoslav new dinars. On advice from the police and club officials, and as part of the sting, Muftić took the money and also took his place between the posts. Sarajevo ended up winning 4-1 that day while Muftić had to leave the match early due to colliding with Olimpija player Radoslav Bečejac. In the end, Olimpija club board member Anton Franetič got arrested - in addition to his post at the club, he was also in the management of Ljubljana Credit Bank (Ljubljanska kreditne banka i štedionica). However, the whole thing was soon forgotten and swept under the carpet.


1969–70 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season
The 1969–70 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 28th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Six teams participated in the league, and Jesenice have won the championship.


1969–70 ice hockey Bundesliga season
The 1969–70 Ice hockey Bundesliga season was the 12th season of the Ice hockey Bundesliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. 12 teams participated in the league, and EV Landshut won the championship.


1969–70 in Belgian football
The 1969–70 season was the 67th season of competitive football in Belgium. Standard Club Liégeois won their 5th Division I title. RSC Anderlechtois reached the final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and Standard Club Liégeois reached the quarter-finals of the European Champion Clubs' Cup. This was the first time a Belgian club reached the final of a European club competition. RFC Brugeois won the Belgian Cup final against  Division II club R Daring Club Molenbeek (6-1). The Belgium national football team finished their 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign and qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup finals in Mexico. They won 1 game out of 3 in the first round and finished 3rd of their group.


1969–70 in Belgian football, Overview
Belgium was already qualified for the World Cup finals, and lost their last qualifying game 4-0 in Yugoslavia. For the finals, Belgium was drawn in Group 1 with host Mexico as well as Soviet Union and El Salvador. They won the first game 3-0 against El Salvador but then lost to Soviet Union and Mexico and so finished 3rd of their group. Mexico and Soviet Union qualified for the quarter-finals.


1969–70 in Belgian football, Overview
At the end of the season, K Beringen FC and ASV Oostende KM were relegated to Division II and were replaced by KFC Diest and R Antwerp FC from Division II. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (VV Patro Eisden and RRC Tournaisien) were relegated to Division III and were replaced by RAA Louviéroise and AS Eupen from Division III. The bottom club of each Division III league (RA Marchiennoise des Sports, KVC Zwevegem Sport, RRFC Montegnée and ACV Brasschaat) were relegated to Promotion and were replaced by R Léopold Club Bastogne, FC Dessel Sport, SV Oudenaarde and KSK Tongeren from Promotion.


1969–70 in Belgian football, European competitions
Standard Club Liégeois beat 17 Nëntori Tirana of Albania in the first round of the 1969–70 European Champion Clubs' Cup (won 3-0 at home, drew 1-1 away) and Real Madrid CF of Spain in the second round (won 1-0 at home, 3-2 away). In the quarter-finals, Standard Club Liégeois lost to Leeds United (lost both legs 0-1) as they did the previous season in the first round of the 1968–69 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.


1969–70 in Belgian football, European competitions
K Lierse SK eliminated APOEL FC of Cyprus in the first round of the 1969–70 European Cup Winners' Cup (won 10-1 at home, 1-0 away) but lost in the second round to Manchester City FC (lost 0-3 at home, 0-5 away).


1969–70 in Belgian football, European competitions
The 3 Belgian clubs who entered the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup were qualified for the first time as the highest-placed teams in the last championship who did not qualify for the other 2 European competitions. In the first round, R Charleroi SC defeated NK Zagreb of Yugoslavia (won 2-1 at home, 3-1 away), RSC Anderlechtois defeated Valur of Iceland (won 6-0 away, 2-0 at home) and RFC Brugeois defeated CE Sabadell FC of Spain (lost 0-2 away, won 5-1 at home).


1969–70 in Belgian football, European competitions
In the second round, RSC Anderlechtois beat Coleraine FC of Northern Ireland (won 6-1 at home, 7-3 away), but R Charleroi SC lost to FC Rouen of France on away goals (won 3-1 at home, lost 0-2 away) and RFC Brugeois lost to Ujpest FC of Hungary, also on away goals (won 5-2 at home, lost 0-3 away). In the third round, RSC Anderlechtois beat Dunfermline Athletic FC of Scotland on away goals (won 1-0 at home, lost 2-3 away) and in the quarter-finals Newcastle United FC, again on away goals (won 2-0 at home, lost 1-3 away).


1969–70 in Belgian football, European competitions
RSC Anderlechtois became the 3rd Belgian club to reach the semifinals of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup after RU Saint-Gilloise and RFC Liégeois, and became the first Belgian club to reach a European competition final after they beat FC Internazionale (lost 0-1 at home, won 2-0 away). In the 1970 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, RSC Anderlechtois captained by Paul Van Himst lost to Arsenal FC (won 3-1 at home, lost 0-3 away).


1969–70 in English football
The 1969–70 season was the 90th season of competitive football in England.


1969–70 in English football, FA Cup
Chelsea won the cup by beating Leeds United 2–1 in a replay at Old Trafford after a 2–2 draw at Wembley Stadium. In the replay Leeds took the lead through Mick Jones before an equaliser from Peter Osgood forced the replay to extra-time. David Webb then scored the winner in the 104th minute to give Chelsea a first ever FA Cup triumph.


1969–70 in English football, FA Cup
Manchester United beat Watford 2–0 at Highbury in the first ever third-place playoff, held the day before the final.


1969–70 in English football, FA Cup
A number of non-league clubs made it to the Third Round i.e. Brentwood, Hillingdon Borough and South Shields as well as Sutton United who reached the Fourth Round before losing 6–0 to Leeds United.


1969–70 in English football, FA Cup
George Best scored six goals for Manchester United in their 8–2 victory over Northampton Town in the Fifth Round. He received a match ball signed by all of the opposition players as a souvenir, and later donated it to the club's museum.


1969–70 in English football, League Cup
Manchester City won the League Cup by beating West Bromwich Albion 2–1 after extra time. Second Division Carlisle United enjoyed a run to the semifinals of the competition but lost to Albion. In the other semi Manchester City beat local rivals Manchester United.


1969–70 in English football, Star players
The FWA Footballer of the Year was awarded to Billy Bremner who was the outstanding player of the season despite the failure of Leeds to win any trophies. Jeff Astle of West Bromwich Albion finished the season as Division One top scorer by netting 25 goals. Albert Kinsey of Wrexham was overall league top-scorer, hitting 27 goals for the Fourth Division outfit.


1969–70 in English football, National team
England took part in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, qualifying from their group after beating Romania and Czechoslovakia but losing to Brazil. The team then went out in the quarterfinals after losing 3–2 (after extra time) to West Germany. Preparations had been damaged after star defender Bobby Moore was arrested in Bogotá over later disproven allegations of theft.


1969–70 in English football, Honours
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition


1969–70 in English football, Football League, First Division
Everton, one of the English game's dominant forces during the 1960s, had a strong start to the 1970s as league champions by a nine-point margin ahead of runners-up Leeds United, who had gone into the final stages of the season in contention for three major trophies but had failed to win any of them. They were beaten in an FA Cup final replay by Chelsea, who lifted the trophy for the first time in a season where they finished third. Derby County's return to the First Division after many years away saw them finish an impressive fourth under the management of Brian Clough. Liverpool completed the top five, while Coventry City recorded their best finish yet by finishing sixth under the management of former Manchester United captain Noel Cantwell.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, First Division
Manchester United finished eighth under their new manager Wilf McGuinness, who had succeeded the retiring Sir Matt Busby in the close season.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, First Division
Manchester City managed only a mid table finish but lifted the League Cup and the European Cup Winners' Cup.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, Second Division
Huddersfield Town clinched the Second Division title by a comfortable margin to secure their return to the First Division, and were joined by Blackpool as runners-up. Leicester City just missed out on an immediate return to the First Division, while Middlesbrough's recent upturn in fortunes meant that they came just three points short of ending their lengthy absence from the top flight. Swindon Town, the previous season's surprise winners of the League Cup, recorded their best finish yet by finishing fifth in the Second Division.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, Second Division
Aston Villa and Preston North End, two clubs with illustrious histories and a host of major trophies between them, went down to the Third Division for the first time. Watford, a side with a much more modest history, won their battle against relegation but most impressively reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, Third Division
Orient and Luton Town advanced from the Third Division as champions and runners-up respectively.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, Third Division
Stockport County, Barrow, Southport and Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic went down to the Fourth Division.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, Fourth Division
Chesterfield climbed out of the Fourth Division as champions, proceeding along with Wrexham, Swansea City and Port Vale.


1969–70 in English football, Football League, Fourth Division
Bradford Park Avenue were voted out of the Football League and replaced by Cambridge United. In February, Swansea Town were renamed Swansea City after Swansea received city status.


1969–70 in English football, European football
Arsenal won the Inter Cities Fairs Cup final, beating R.S.C. Anderlecht 4–3 on aggregate. Manchester City won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final, defeating Górnik Zabrze of Poland 2–1 at the Prater Stadium in Vienna to complete a double triumph. Leeds United reached the semi-final of the European Cup, but lost 3–1 on aggregate to Scottish champions Celtic.


1969–70 in Scottish football
The 1969–70 season was the 97th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 73rd season of Scottish league football.


1969–70 snooker season
The 1969–70 snooker season was a series of snooker tournaments played between July 1969 and April 1970. The following table outlines the results for the season's events.


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade
The 196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army raised during the Great War in 1914. The brigade was formed as a 2nd Line of the 157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade and assigned to the 65th (2nd Lowland) Division, itself formed as a 2nd Line of the 52nd (Lowland) Division. The brigade was composed of four 2nd Line battalions of the Highland Light Infantry and remained in the United Kingdom throughout the war.


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, Origin
The units and formations of the Territorial Force were mobilised on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914. Almost immediately, they were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. On 15 August, the War Office issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form them into reserve units. On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service.


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, Origin
The titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. The large numbers of volunteers coming forward were assigned to these 2nd Line units for training. Later, the Home Service men were separated into provisional units, while the 2nd Line continued to train drafts for the 1st Line serving overseas.


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, Order of battle, Reorganisation
In November 1915 the units of 65th (2nd L) Division were reorganised and the battalions numbered sequentially. At this time 196th Bde was composed as follows:


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, Order of battle, Later war
In January 1916 the composite battalions returned to their original regiments:


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, Service
The brigade was formed in January 1915, but progressive training of the 2nd Line units was hampered by the need to provide frequent reinforcement drafts to the 1st Line, by the lack of up-to-date arms and equipment, and the reorganisation when Home Service men were drafted to separate units. By August 1915, 65th (2nd L) Division had concentrated round Bridge of Allan, with 196th Bde at Dunfermline, where it remained until March 1916. In that month the division moved to Essex, where it joined Southern Army (Home Forces), with 196th Bde at Danbury and Wyndham Mortimer.


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, Service
Early in 1917 the division was sent to Ireland to relieve 59th (2nd North Midland) Division, which had been based there since the Easter Rising of 1916. 196th Brigade was dispersed to the Curragh (2/5th 2/6th and 2/9th Bns), Galway and Naas (2/7th Bn). In August the battalions at the Curragh moved to Dublin, but 2/5th and 2/6th Bns returned to the Curragh in November.


196th (2/1st Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, Service
65th (2nd Lowland) Division and its brigades were disbanded on 18 March 1918.


196th Attack Squadron
The 196th Attack Squadron (196 ATKS) is a unit of the 163d Attack Wing of the California Air National Guard stationed at March Joint Air Reserve Base, California, operating the MQ-9 Reaper remotely piloted aircraft.


196th Attack Squadron, Mission
The 196 ATKS's primary mission is to train and equip its members to operate an MQ-9 Reaper aircraft anywhere in the world. Members of the 196 ATKS maintain a high level of vigilance and proficiency as MQ-9 Reaper crew members; ready at a moment's notice to go wherever they are needed. When not training to operate MQ-9 Reapers in combat, the 196 ATKS is diligently supporting domestic operations for the State of California, such as locating missing hikers or fighting fires with CAL FIRE. The 196 ATKS has assisted CAL FIRE with containing some of the state's worst fires including the Thomas Fire, SCU Lightning Complex, and LNU Lightning Complex.


196th Attack Squadron, Mission
In November 2006, the squadron's parent wing, formerly the 163rd Air Refueling Wing, was redesignated the 163rd Reconnaissance Wing (163 RW) and the wing and squadron's mobilization gaining command was changed from Air Mobility Command to Air Combat Command (ACC). As the wing's operational squadron, the 196 RS was the first Air National Guard (ANG) unit to receive the MQ-1 Predator and was the first to become a fully functional ANG Flying Training Unit (FTU) and Field Training Detachment (FTD) for the Predator. The FTU trains pilots and sensor operators for ACC, and trains enlisted personnel to assemble, disassemble, maintain and repair the Predator for Air Education and Training Command (AETC).


196th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron was formed at Westover Field, Massachusetts, in August 1943 as the 411th Fighter Squadron, one of three squadrons of the 373d Fighter Group. During World War II the 411th was assigned to the European Theater of Operations (ETO), Ninth Air Force in Western Europe. It was equipped with P-47 Thunderbolts.


196th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
The unit flew its first combat mission on 8 May 1944, a fighter sweep over Normandy. It then took part in pre-invasion activities, escorting B-26 Marauders to attack airdromes, bridges, and railroads in Occupied France. The squadron patrolled the air over the beachhead when the Allies launched the Normandy invasion on 6 June 1944, and hit troops, tanks, roads, fuel depots and other targets in the assault area until the end of the month.


196th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
The squadron moved to the European Continent in July 1944 where it struck railroads, hangars, boxcars, warehouses, and other objectives to prevent reinforcements from reaching the front at St. Lo, where the Allies broke through on 25 July 1944. The squadron bombed such targets as troops in the Falaise-Argentan area in August 1944. During the Battle of the Bulge, from December 1944 to January 1945, the 411th concentrated on the destruction of bridges, marshalling yards, and highways. It also flew reconnaissance missions to support ground operations in the Rhine Valley in March 1945, hitting airfields, motor transport, etc. The squadron continued tactical air operations until 4 May 1945.


196th Attack Squadron, History, World War II
The 411th returned to the United States and prepared for transfer to the Pacific Theater during the Summer of 1945. The Japanese capitulation in August led to the squadron's inactivation in November 1945.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard
The wartime 411th Fighter Squadron was allotted to the California Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946 and redesignated as the 196th Fighter Squadron. It was organized at Norton Air Force Base, California, on 12 September 1946 and federally recognized on 9 November 1946. The squadron was equipped with P-51D Mustangs and assigned to the 146th Fighter Group, at Van Nuys Airport by the National Guard Bureau.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard
The squadron trained for tactical fighter missions and air-to-air combat under the supervision of Fourth Air Force. In June 1948, the unit received 25 F-80C Shooting Star aircraft. The 196th was one of the first Air National Guard units to receive these new jets.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
The 196th was federalized on 10 October 1950 due to the Korean War. It was briefly assigned to the Fourth Air Force, which moved the squadron to George AFB, California, and assigned it to the 116th Fighter Group On 11 November, the 196th squadron and 116th were redesignated fighter-bomber units and became part of Tactical Air Command. The group's other operational squadrons were the 128th Fighter Squadron of the Georgia Air National Guard and the 159th Fighter Squadron of the Florida Air National Guard.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
At George the three fighter squadrons were equipped with Lockheed F-80Cs and began operational training. After losing many of their F-80 pilots who were assigned to Far East Air Force (FEAF) as replacements, all three squadrons were forced to transfer pilots among themselves to maintain a balance of qualified pilots in each unit. As a result, they lost their character as squadrons of the Georgia, Florida and California ANGs. In April 1951 the 116th Fighter-Bomber Group (116 FBG) began receiving brand new F-84E Thunderjets directly from Republic Aviation.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
On 14 May the 116th Fighter-Bomber Wing (116 FBW) received a Warning Order for an impending transfer, and they expected to be transferred to Europe. With a Readiness Date of 25 June, the 116 FBW was ready to move, and by 1 July it had sent its seventy-five F-84Es to the New York Port of Embarkation for shipment to France. However, two days later the wing received orders transferring them to Japan. Fifty-four F-84Es had to be obtained from Bergstrom AFB, Texas, and Langley AFB, Virginia, as partial replacements for the Thunderjets sent east.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
The 196th FBS departed from San Diego on 10 July on the USS Sitkoh Bay. The 116th FBG with the 158th and 159th FBS's departed from San Diego on the transport aircraft carrier USS Windham Bay two days later. The USAF, having learned from expensive previous experience with open air transportation of F-84s on an aircraft carrier deck, heavily protected their F-84s with cosmoline and tarpaulins. The wing off-loaded at Yokosuka Naval Base, Japan, between 24 and 27 July, with their aircraft being barged to Kisarazu, Japan, for cleaning and preparation for flight. Despite the care taken, thirty-three F-84s suffered some degree of salt damage.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
The 196th was established at Chitose Air Base, Japan, while the other squadrons of the group were sent to Misawa Air Base, Japan. The squadrons' initial role was to augment Japanese air defenses, and operational training began on 6 August. The 116th FBW remained on duty in Japan into the fall of 1951. During this period they concentrated on providing air-to-ground support to Army units training in Japan as well as assisting in providing air defense for northern Japan. The 116 FBG began rotating squadrons to Korea in early December.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
The 196th FBS started for Taegu Air Base (K-2) on 26 December for their turn in combat, but did not get there until 28 December because of weather problems. The 196th FBS flew missions from K-2 until 3 January 1952, mostly close air support, with a 70% accuracy, and returned to Japan on 4 January 1952. The 116th FBG returned to combat on 26 May 1952.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
The first mission was with sixteen F-84Es that flew from Misawa to Chitose AB for a pilot briefing, and then after arming with 500-pound general-purpose bombs, they took off for an attack against Sariwon, in southwestern North Korea. The F-84s were refueled en route by KB-29 Superfortress tankers near Taegu, South Korea, upon their return from the target, which gave any aircraft unable to be refueled an alternate landing spot. After refueling the mission landed at Johnson Air Base, Japan, and resumed the air defense mission.


196th Attack Squadron, History, California Air National Guard, Combat in Korean War
On 10 June 1952 the 116th FBW was relieved from assignment to Tactical Air Command and reassigned to Far East Air Force without personnel. The Guardsmen remaining in the wing were returned to the United States, while the equipment and regular personnel of the Wing were transferred to the regular 474th Fighter-Bomber Wing.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Defense
The squadron was reorganized at Norton the same day it was relieved from active duty, although it took until January 1953 before it re-equipped with the long-range F-51H Mustang and operationally-gained by TAC.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Defense
The squadron moved from Norton AFB to Ontario Municipal Airport, California, on 1 January 1954. In February 1954, it was equipped with North American F-86A Sabre. By July 1955 the transition from the F-51H Mustang to the F-86A Sabre was complete. The squadron was redesignated a fighter interceptor unit with an air defense mission for the Los Angeles area and its mobilization command became Air Defense Command (ADC). With the F-86A, the squadrons began standing dusk-to-dawn alerts, joining its ADC active-duty counterparts. The squadron received newer F-86F Sabres in 1957.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Defense
On 17 May 1958, the 196th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 163d Fighter-Interceptor Group was established as its headquarters. The 196th FIS was the group's flying squadron, while the 163d Material Squadron, 163d Air Base Squadron, and the 163d USAF Dispensary were activated to support the 196th.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Defense
ADC upgraded the squadron to F-86H Sabre day interceptors in 1959 and Convair F-102 Delta Daggers in 1965. The F-102 was being phased out of active-duty units in the early 1960s and the 196th was one of the last ANG units to replace their F-86 Sabres. The F-102 aircraft, however, was obsolescent as an interceptor by the time it was received by the 196th. The Delta Daggers soldiered on until the early 1970s when they were retired to the Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center at Davis-Monthan AFB.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Defense
The unit received two Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards for extended periods ending in 1964 and 1974.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Tactical Air Command
On 8 March 1975, the unit again assumed a new mission and was again aligned under TAC as the 196th Tactical Air Support Squadron. The 196th received the Cessna 0-2A/B "Super Skymaster" to accomplish its new role.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Tactical Air Command
In October 1982, the 163d again assumed a tactical fighter role and converted to the McDonnell Douglas F-4C Phantom II and moved to March AFB, near Riverside, into new facilities built for the unit. The 163d transitioned to the upgraded F-4E on 1 April 1987. This newer aircraft incorporated more sophisticated electronics and weaponry.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Tactical Air Command
On 21 March 1987, Captain Dean Paul Martin (son of entertainer Dean Martin), a pilot in the squadron, crashed his F-4C into San Gorgonio Mountain, California, shortly after departure from March AFB. Both Martin and his weapons system officer (WSO) were killed.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Tactical Air Command
In July 1990, the unit again changed missions and was redesignated the 196th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron. The 163d was equipped with RF-4C Phantom II unarmed reconnaissance aircraft and maintained a dual state/federal mission. The unit's primary mission was to provide tactical reconnaissance to friendly forces. The unit was also actively involved in statewide missions. This was accomplished by using a system of visual, optical, electronic, and other sensory devices. During this time the aircrews accumulated over 30,000 hours of flying time and the unit deployed across both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Tactical Air Command
The 163d deployed to Pisa Airport, Italy, in support of Operation Decisive Endeavor. During that period the unit also flew as the lead unit in support of flight operations over Bosnia.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Refueling
After the end of Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the phaseout of the RF-4C Phantom II from the Air National Guard was accelerated. In 1993, the 196th became the 196th Air Refueling Squadron and was equipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers, and its mobilization gaining command became Air Mobility Command.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Refueling
On 1 April 1996, as a result of BRAC, March AFB was transferred to the Air Force Reserve Command and realigned as March Air Reserve Base, with the 196th and its parent wing remaining at March as an Air National Guard tenant command.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Refueling
In 1999 the 196th deployed KC-135R aircraft in support of Operation Allied Force. The unit flew combat missions around-the-clock refueling NATO aircraft, including complex night formation sorties with the F-117A. 1999 also saw the squadron's Pacer CRAG conversion. This extensive aircraft modernization project required intensive aircrew training and is expected to extend the life of the 40-year-old Boeing jet beyond the year 2020.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Refueling
The 196th Air Refueling Squadron was recognized in 1999 and earned an Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for the fourth time. The award covers a period during which the unit personnel and aircraft deployed to Pisa Airport, Italy to support Operation Decisive Endeavor and also flew as the lead unit in support of flight operations over Bosnia. The 163d Operations Support Flight, 163d Logistics Group, 163d Logistics Squadron, and the 196th Air Refueling Squadron all earned the Governor's Outstanding Unit Citation as well.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Air Refueling
The 19th supported NATO's Operation Joint Forge while deployed to Istres Air Base, France, from 31 October through 3 December 2000. Under Air Expeditionary Force 9, the Grizzlies also sent personnel to Kuwait, Germany, France, Saudi Arabia and Turkey from October through December 2000.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle operations
In 2007 the Air National Guard stood up the first of several units that will operate the MQ-1 Predator armed unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. During a ceremony on 28 November at March Air Reserve Base in southern California, the 196th Air Refueling Squadron officially became the 196th Reconnaissance Squadron, taking on the Predator mission in place of operating KC-135R Stratotanker air refueling aircraft. The wing's last KC-135R tanker left in April 2008. The Wing was the first Air National Guard unit to receive the MQ-1 Predator and was the first to become a fully functional ANG Flying Training Unit (FTU) and Field Training Detachment (FTD) for the Predator.


196th Attack Squadron, History, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle operations
The squadron was recently redesignated as the 196th Attack Squadron (196 ATKS), this in keeping with the parent wing's recent redesignation as the 163d Attack Wing (163 ATKW).


196th Attack Squadron, Heraldry
Unit Emblem: Ultramarine blue and Air Force yellow are the Air Force colors. Blue alludes to the sky, the primary theater of Air Force operations. Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel. The stars represent all directions within air space. The shooting star over the globe symbolizes air defense of the world and throughout the skies.


196th Battalion (Western Universities), CEF
The 196th (Western Universities) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in universities throughout western Canada. After sailing to England in November 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 19th Reserve Battalion on January 2, 1917. The 196th (Western Universities) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. D. S. MacKay.


196th Battalion (Western Universities), CEF
The battalion chaplain was the distinguished theologian and principal of St Andrew's College, Saskatoon, Edmund Henry Oliver.


196th Battalion (Western Universities), CEF
Future Prime Minister John Diefenbaker served as a lieutenant in the battalion 1916–1917.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States)
The 196th Infantry Brigade ("Chargers"), also known as the Charger Brigade was first formed on 24 June 1921 as part of the United States Army Reserve's 98th Division with the responsibility of training soldiers.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), World War II
During World War II, the 98th initially defended Kauai, Hawaii and Maui, Hawaii, and finally responsible for defending Oahu, Hawaii later in the war. The Division began intensive training in May 1945 to prepare for the invasion of Japan, but the war ended before they could depart Hawaii. However, the unit arrived in Japan for occupation duty as the 3rd Platoon, 98th Reconnaissance Troop Mechanized, of the 98th Infantry Division, where it eventually was inactivated on 16 February 1946, in Charlotte, NC.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Service in the Vietnam War
The brigade was reactivated in September 1965 at Fort Devens Massachusetts, where it was originally scheduled to be sent to the Dominican Republic. Instead, the Army rushed it to Vietnam, the Brigade departing on 15 July 1966 via transport ships and arriving on 14 August 1966 at Tây Ninh Combat Base. It began operations almost immediately in the western area of III Corps Tactical Zone. The brigade conducted Operation Cedar Falls, Gadsden, Lancaster, Junction City, Benton, and Attleboro (in War Zone C of Tay Ninh Province). Attleboro turned into a major action after a large enemy base camp was found on 19 October 1966.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Service in the Vietnam War
In April 1967, Gen. William Westmoreland ordered the formation of a division sized Army task force to reinforce American forces in I Corps Tactical Zone. The 196th was selected to form a part of the task force. Task Force Oregon became operational on 20 April 1967, when troops from the 196th landed at Chu Lai Base Area in I Corps. Over the next month, it was joined by the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division and the 3rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division (later redesignated the 3rd Brigade, 4th Infantry Division). In September 1967 Task Force Oregon was redesignated the 23rd Infantry Division (Americal) and an official change of colors ceremony was held on 26 October 1967. Later, the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne and the 3rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division were replaced by the 198th and 11th Light Infantry Brigades.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Service in the Vietnam War
As part of the 23rd, the 196th participated in Operations Wheeler/Wallowa, Golden Fleece, Fayette Canyon, Frederick Hill, Lamar Plain, Elk Canyon I and Elk Canyon II. In early May 1968, the 2-1 Infantry of the 196th was flown in to assist at the Battle of Kham Duc. An entire company of the 196th was also involved in opposing the war by famously sitting down on the battlefield. On 29 November 1971, the 196th became a separate temporary entity to safeguard this same area of operations.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Service in the Vietnam War
In April 1972, the 196th moved to Da Nang to assist in port security duties, and finally left Vietnam on 29 June 1972 as the last combat brigade to leave in Vietnam. The 196th served in Vietnam from 15 July 1966 through 29 June 1972. The brigade suffered 1,188 KIA, and 5,591 WIA in Vietnam.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Service in the Vietnam War
Operations as a separate Brigade (15 July 1966 – 25 September 1967)


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Service in the Vietnam War
Operations as a part of the Americal Division (25 September 1967 – June 1972)


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Post Vietnam
On 26 May 1998, the 196th Infantry Brigade was reactivated during a ceremony at Fort Shafter, Hawaii. The newly reflagged brigade, previously designated as the Training Support Brigade Pacific, is organized as a Training Support Brigade, and is assigned to United States Army Pacific (USARPAC). The 196th Infantry Brigade provides National Defense Authorization Act Title XI pre-mobilization, post-mobilization and demobilization support to Army reserve component units in Alaska, American Samoa, Arizona, the Commonwealth of Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, the Hawaiian Islands, Japan and the Republic of Korea.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Post Vietnam
The 196th Infantry Brigade executes its mobilization operations at Mobilization Force Generation Installation (MFGI) Hawaii at Schofield Barracks and at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER), and at three Mobilization Sites, located in Guam, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The Brigade is also designated by USARPAC as the Validation Authority for reserve component forces mobilized onto Title 10 United States Code, Active Duty. Since 2001, the 196th Infantry Brigade has trained more than 10,000 Soldiers that deployed to support combat operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Horn of Africa, and the Southern Philippines.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Post Vietnam
The 196th Infantry Brigade also supports annual USARPAC and United States Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) Theater Security Cooperation Program (TSCP) exercises such as Balikatan, Cobra Gold, Yama Sakura, Talisman Saber, Hamel, and Terminal Fury. The brigade also serves as the USARPAC executive agent for training and readiness oversight (TRO) over the Alaska, Guam and Hawaii National Guard Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Civil Support Teams (CST), and the Hawaiian Army National Guard Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and High Explosive (CBRNE) Enhanced Force Package (CERFP).


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Post Vietnam
In 2007, the 196th Infantry Brigade was awarded the Army Superior Unit Award for its support to the War on Terror in preparing reserve component units and Soldiers for combat duty.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Post Vietnam
In 2013, USARPAC assigned the Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Capability (JPMRC) to the 196th Infantry Brigade, which serves as the core of an Operations Group (OPSGROUP) for the capability. JPMRC provide enhanced live, virtual, constructive collective training opportunities to USARPAC Battalion Task Forces and Brigade Combat Teams at their home station and at sites throughout the Indo-Pacific.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), Medal of Honor
On 31 July 2017 President Donald Trump awarded the Medal of Honor to Specialist 5 James McCloughan McCloughan received his medal 48 years after his actions while servings as combat medic with C Company, 3rd Battalion 21st Infantry, 196th Light Infantry Brigade.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), In popular culture
The dramatic TV series Tour of Duty, which ran on CBS from 1987 to 1990, depicted a platoon of infantrymen serving in Vietnam from the 196th during the show's first season.


196th Infantry Brigade (United States), In popular culture
In Season 2, episode 4 of the TV series Prison Break, Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell pretends to be a soldier from the 196th Brigade to a police officer.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 196th Infantry Division (German: 196. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
The 196th Infantry Division was assembled in the Danzig area of Wehrkreis XX, as a division of the seventh Aufstellungswelle, on 27 November 1939. For the initial deployment of the division, several replacement formations within Wehrkreis XX whose personnel consisted of recruits from Wehrkreis VI were used, including the Infantry Regiments 340 and 345, both with three battalions each, as well as the Light Artillery Detachment 233. The first divisional commander of the 196th Infantry Division, appointed on 27 November 1939, was Richard Pellengahr.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
With only two regiments, the 196th Infantry Division was not yet a full infantry division, as such a division usually consisted of three rather than two infantry regiments. The 196th Infantry Division's third regiment was formed on 10 January 1940, when the division was assigned the field replacement battalions 6, 16 and 26. These battalions, staffed with recruits from Bielefeld, Münster and Cologne respectively, were combined to form Infantry Regiment 362. Additionally, the Light Artillery Detachment 233 had been strengthened through the addition of the staff of Artillery Regiment 311 (Wehrkreis I) and the 1st Detachment of Artillery Regiment 239 (Wehrkreis VIII) to become the full Artillery Regiment 233.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
In April 1940, the 196th Infantry Division took part in Unternehmen Weserübung as part of Group XXI.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
On 11 September 1940, Infantry Regiment 345 and the 1st Detachment of Artillery Regiment 233 were taken out of the division and joined the 199th Infantry Division. On 17 September 1940, the Artillery Regiment was strengthened with an additional two batteries. After the removal of the 345th Regiment, the now binary 196th Infantry Division was equipped with basic mountaineer equipment.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
On 1 March 1942, Friedrich Franek replaced Pellengahr as divisional commander.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
The 1st Battalion of the 362nd Grenadier Regiment was assigned to Army Group Center on the Eastern Front in 1943, where it was dissolved and its personnel distributed to other forces. This battalion was replaced by a freshly deployed new battalion in September 1943.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
The division, commanded by Kurt Möhring since 23 December 1943, was restructured to the model of an Ostdivision on 6 January 1944.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
In February 1944, an Oberst Klinge took command of the division. He was replaced by Friedrich von Unger in June 1944.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
In July 1944, parts of the division were transferred to Army Group Center. Both the Grenadier Regiment 340 and the Grenadier Regiment 362 were transferred to Lithuania, where they were destroyed shortly after, and dissolved on 15 September 1944. Units that were still in fighting shape were transferred to the 131st Infantry Division, whereas remnant formations unable to fight were given to the 361st Infantry Division in Wahn in Cologne.


196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), History
The rump division that had remained in Norway consisted only of the Reconnaissance Detachment 233, later the 2nd Battalion of the Bicycle Reconnaissance Regiment Norway, and parts of the Artillery Regiment 233, later the 2nd Battalion of Artillery Regiment 269 as well as the Fortress Artillery Detachment 1048. As these remnant forces no longer justified to maintain an independent division, the 196th Infantry Division's bureaucracy was dissolved in August 1944.


196th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 196th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army National Guard. It traces its lineage to units which have been both infantry and engineers.


196th Infantry Regiment (United States), Lineage
Parent unit organized 1884-1885 as 2d Regiment, Dakota Territory. The organized militia of South Dakota was redesignated South Dakota National Guard 6 March 1893.


196th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Blazon
That for the regiments and separate battalions of the South Dakota Army National Guard:  From a wreath Argent and Gules, a coyote statant, Proper. Motto NUNC ET SEMPER (Now And Always).


196th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Blazon
The crest is that of the South Dakota Army National Guard.


196th Infantry Regiment (United States), Coat of arms, Blazon
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 132d Engineer Regiment on 12 October 1942. It was redesignated for the 132d Engineer Combat Battalion on 31 July 1943. It was redesignated for the 196th Infantry Regiment and amended to delete the Missouri crest on 18 January 1951. The insignia was rescinded (cancelled) on 3 August 1961. It was reinstated and redesignated for the 196th Regiment with the blazon and symbolism revised on 24 February 1997.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The 196th Light Combined Arms Brigade is a military formation of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the "showcase" units of the PLA ground force.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The 196th Division (Chinese: 第196师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 1st brigade, 1st Column of the Huabei Military Region. Its history can be traced to the 1st Independent Brigade of Jinchaji Military Region, formed in August 1946.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
The division was a part of the 66th Corps. Under the flag of 196th division it took part in several major battles during the Chinese Civil War.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In October 1950 the division entered Korea along with the Corps and became a part of the People's Volunteer Army (Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) or Chinese Communist Forces (CCF)) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men. The division was then consisting of the 586th, 587th, and 588th Regiments.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In March 1951 the division pulled out from Korea and stationed in Yangcun, Tianjin. The division was the first unit converted to Regular Force in March 1951, the first unit converted to Soviet Equipment Unit in June 1952, and the first unit converted to Chinese equipment in PLA ground force.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1952 the division renamed as the 196th Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第196师).


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
576th Artillery Regiment was activated in March 1951 and attached to the division. 4th Independent Tank Regiment of Armored Troops was attached to the division and renamed as Tank Regiment, 196th Division. In July 1953 the regiment was renamed as 401st Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
From 1956 the division became a Showcase unit and was opened to foreign media. The division was then composed of:


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1960 the division renamed as the 196th Army Division (Chinese: 陆军第196师).


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In January 1961 the division became one of the first ten combat alert divisions of the army, which made it a "big" division under PLA glossaries, as a fully manned and equipped division.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1962 the division was designated as a "Northern" unit, Catalogue A. the division was shortly moved to Fujian province for an emergency alert deployment.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In September 1968 its 401st Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment was detached from the division and became 24th Tank Regiment of 6th Tank Division.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In June 1969 576th Artillery Regiment was renamed as Artillery Regiment, 196th Army Division. The division was then composed of:


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1985 the division was transferred to Tianjin Garrison Region following 66th Army Corps' disbandment, and renamed as the 196th Infantry Division (Chinese: 步兵第196师).


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
From 1985 to 1998 the division was maintained as a Northern Infantry Division, Catalogue B.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In September 1986, Reconnaissance Company, 196th Infantry Division took part in the Sino-Vietnamese War. For its outstanding performance during its deployment, the company was regarded as "Heroic Reconnaissance Company" in December 1987.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 1998 the division was reduced and renamed as the 196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (Chinese: 摩托化步兵第196旅).


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In September 1999 the brigade was transferred to the 24th Group Army.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 2003 the brigade was transferred to the 65th Group Army following 24th's disbandment.


196th Motorized Infantry Brigade (People's Republic of China)
In 2017 the brigade was renamed as the 196th Light Combined Arms Brigade (Chinese: 轻型合成第196旅) and transferred to the 82nd Group Army.


196th New York State Legislature
The 196th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 5, 2005, to December 31, 2006, during the eleventh and twelfth years of George Pataki's governorship, in Albany.


196th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Jeffrey D. Klein and George H. Winner Jr. changed from the Assembly to the Senate at the beginning of this legislature. Assemblywoman Catharine Young was elected to fill a vacancy in the Senate.


196th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


196th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.


196th New York State Legislature, State Assembly, Assembly members
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."


196th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 196th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 196th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 196th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.


196th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 196th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in March 25, 1865, for one year service under the command of Colonel Robert Patterson Kennedy.


196th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The regiment left Ohio for Winchester, Virginia, March 26. It was assigned to 2nd Brigade, 2nd Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah. Performed duties at Winchester until July, then moved to Baltimore, Maryland, and served garrison duty there and at Fort Delaware until September.


196th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service
The 196th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 11, 1865, at Baltimore, Maryland.


196th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 25 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.


196th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 196th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, alternately the 5th Union League Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Union Army in the American Civil War. Raised in Philadelphia in mid-1864, the regiment was made up of Hundred Days Men in an effort to augment existing manpower for an all-out push to end the war within 100 days, and spent most of its service guarding Confederate prisoners of war at Camp Douglas.


196th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
The regiment was organized at Camp Cadwalader near Philadelphia on 20 July 1864, under the command of printer and Volunteer officer Colonel Harmanus Neff; it had a total enrollment of 958. It was alternately known as the 5th Union League Regiment due to its being organized with the assistance of the Union League of Philadelphia. A week after its organization, on 27 July, the 196th Pennsylvania was sent to Camp Bradford at Mankin's Woods near Baltimore, attached to the 3rd Separate Brigade of VIII Corps.


196th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, History
From there, it entrained for Chicago in mid-August, where it guarded Confederate prisoners of war at Camp Douglas. Company H was detached to perform provost duty at Springfield, Illinois on 26 August, and remained there until the end of its term. The regiment helped foil an escape on the night of 27 September by firing at outside sympathizers who had mobilized to facilitate the attempt. In early November, the regiment was sent back to Philadelphia, and left for brief service at Fort Delaware on 5 November. It was mustered out at Philadelphia on 17 November, having lost ten men to disease during it service.


196th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, Notable personnel
Future baseball player Ned Cuthbert served with the regiment as a private in Company F.


197
Year 197 (CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 950 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


197 (number)
197 (one hundred [and] ninety-seven) is the natural number following 196 and preceding 198.


197 Arete
Arete (minor planet designation: 197 Arete) is an asteroid in the asteroid belt. It has a very bright surface, even so when compared to other rocky S-type asteroid.


197 Arete
It was discovered by J. Palisa on May 21, 1879, and named after Arete, the mother of Nausicaa in Homer's The Odyssey. Every 18 years, this asteroid approaches within 0.04 AU of 4 Vesta. During these encounters, Vesta causes a gravitational perturbation of Arete, allowing the mass of Vesta to be directly determined.


197 Arete
Photometric observations during 1984 showed a rotation period of 6.54 ± 0.02 hours and a brightness variation of 0.10 ± 0.01 in magnitude. The light curve shows "four well defined extrema with two asymmetric maxima".


197 BC
Year 197 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cethegus and Rufus (or, less frequently, year 557 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 197 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


197 Yonge Street
The historic building at 197 - 199 Yonge Street was formerly a four-floor Canadian Bank of Commerce building built in 1905 by architects Darling and Pearson and declared as a historical property by the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1974. The bank left the building in 1987.


197 Yonge Street
The bank address was 199 Yonge Street, the numbers still showing above the entrance.


197 Yonge Street
Next door at 205 Yonge Street is another historic site. The gap between the two sites was once the Colonial Tavern, demolished in the 20th century.


197 Yonge Street
It has been refurbished with 17,423 square feet (1,619 m2) of space.


197 Yonge Street
197 Yonge Street will be preserved and become part of the Massey Tower project.


197, 199, 201 Albion Street, Surry Hills
197, 199, 201 Albion Street terrace cottages are three heritage-listed terraced houses located at 197, 199, 201 Albion Street in the inner city Sydney suburb of Surry Hills in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.


197, 199, 201 Albion Street, Surry Hills, History and description
A row of three Victorian Georgian town houses of two storeys built between 1845 and 1847. The front verandah has been reconstructed. The walls are sand stock brick and the roof is corrugated steel sheeting.


197, 199, 201 Albion Street, Surry Hills, Heritage listing
The terrace cottages site was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.


197, 199, 201 Albion Street, Surry Hills, References, Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on , entry number 64 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under  , accessed on 13 October 2018.


1970
1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1970th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 970th  year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th  year of the 20th century, and the  1st   year of the 1970s decade.


1970 (Boris song)
"1970" is a single by Japanese  band Boris released by Inoxia Records. It features alternate studio takes of two of the songs from Heavy Rocks. The single was limited to 500 copies on black vinyl, and is currently the only way to hear any of Heavy Rocks on the format.


1970 1. divisjon
The 1970 1. divisjon was the 26th completed season of top division football in Norway.


1970 1. divisjon, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Strømsgodset won the championship, their first league title.


1970 1000 km Buenos Aires
The 1970 1000 km Buenos Aires was an endurance sports car event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina with international competitors.


1970 1000 km Buenos Aires, Official results
Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 70% of the winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC).


1970 1000km of Brands Hatch
The 1970 1000 km of Brands Hatch was an endurance race held at the Brands Hatch circuit in Kent, England, United Kingdom on April 12, 1970. The race was the 3rd round of the 1970 World Sportscar Championship season.


1970 1000km of Brands Hatch, Pre-race
The challenging, bumpy and undulating Brands Hatch circuit near London saw New Zealander Chris Amon return temporarily to Ferrari to drive one of their 512's, and he qualified his car on pole position. Amon's fellow countryman Denny Hulme drove a works Porsche 917K with factory driver Vic Elford. This race was only for prototypes; no GT cars were allowed to enter.


1970 1000km of Brands Hatch, Race
On the day of the race, the conditions were made awful by heavy rain, wind and cold air- a common occurrence during spring in England. The race started with Elford, Jacky Ickx in another works Ferrari, Jo Siffert in works/John Wyer Porsche 917K all getting past Amon around the outside of Paddock Hill, and Amon was followed by Piers Courage in a works Alfa Romeo, Pedro Rodríguez in the other John Wyer Porsche and the rest of the field followed.


1970 1000km of Brands Hatch, Race
At the end of the first lap, Barrie Smith in a privately entered Lola crashed heavily on the pit straight, and yellow flags were shown at the site of the accident. Rodriguez, who passed cars while yellow flags were being shown (oblivious to the fact), was shown the black flag and went into the pits while an astonishing 2nd, was reprimanded. Ickx, like Rodriguez- was a wet-weather specialist, had passed Elford and was leading the race. But he soon went into the pits with rain-wiper motor failure.


1970 1000km of Brands Hatch, Race
Elford was back in the lead, but the flying Rodriguez, who had come up from coming out of the pits in 12th to 2nd by lap 15 (only about 25 minutes into the race), passed Elford and led the race. This was a lead he kept until the end; he and Elford drove their cars for 5 1/2 of the 6 1/2 hours of the race in the dreadful conditions, and Rodriguez won the race by 5 laps. Porsches romped home 1-2-3-4; the first 3 being 917K's. Rodriguez' performance was such that the race is sometimes known as "the day they forgot to tell Pedro it was raining".


1970 1000km of Brands Hatch, Race
The running of the race was changed from a 6 hour time limit to a 1000 kilometer overall distance.


1970 1000km of Monza
The 1970 1000 km of Monza was an endurance race held at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Monza, Italy on April 25, 1970. It was the fourth round of the 1970 International Championship for Makes. This was the first official 1000 km race at Monza that used only the road course; in 1956 and 1965-1969 the organizers utilized the combined road and banking courses; but the banking was abandoned because of safety issues; the 1969 1000 km race was the last race ever held on the concrete-surfaced banking.


1970 1000km of Monza
Mexican driver Pedro Rodríguez won this race in John Wyer's Gulf-sponsored Porsche 917K, he was able to hold off 3 hard-charging works Ferrari 512's after his co-driver Leo Kinnunen lost most of the lead Rodríguez had built up. Ex-Ferrari driver John Surtees returned to Ferrari after 4 years to drive a works 512.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring
The 1970 1000km of Nürburgring was an endurance race held at the Nürburgring Nordschleife, Nürburg, West Germany on May 31, 1970. It was the seventh round of the 1970 World Sportscar Championship season.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Pre-race
The race weekend was marred by the fatal accident of Finnish driver Hans Laine in a Porsche 908/02. While attempting to qualify for the race at the end of Saturday's qualifying session, Laine damaged one of the front sections of his car; and while he was on the Dottinger Hohe straight going at full speed over one of the humps near the Antonius Bridge, his 908/02 flew into the air, did a full backflip and landed back on the track and rolled a number of times.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Pre-race
Although Laine was alive and conscious after the accident, fuel was leaking and Laine could not get out of the car. Track marshals were able to get to the wrecked Porsche, but then the car burst into flames. The marshals only had small extinguishers that was not enough to put out the inferno and Laine perished in the fire. He was 25, and was survived by his wife and 5-month year old daughter; he was one of 6 racers to die at the Nürburgring that year.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Pre-race
Laine's co-driver, Dutchman Gijs van Lennep had a similar incident at the same place on the track, although he was able to avoid causing any damage to the car. The racing team Laine drove for withdrew another one of its entries, a Porsche 917K but a Porsche 911 driven by Finnish rally driver Pauli Tovionen and entered by Laine's team won the GT's with an engine larger than 2 liters class.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Pre-race
It was agreed upon by John Wyer and Porsche that the works teams would use the 908/03, the car used at the Targa Florio. The light and nimble 908/03 was better suited to the twisty and demanding Nürburgring than the big and powerful 917K. Two were run by John Wyer's team and two were run by Porsche Salzburg.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Pre-race
One of the works Ferrari 512S Spyders, entered and to be driven by Jacky Ickx and Peter Schetty crashed in practice; neither driver took part in the race. This just about proved to be fatal for Ferrari, because Ickx was considered to be the best Nürburgring driver in the world at that time, next to Formula One world champion Jackie Stewart.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Pre-race
Even with the experienced John Surtees who knew the long circuit well and had much success at the challenging mountain circuit in the past, things did not look good for Ferrari- as most of the works Porsche drivers- including Jo Siffert, Brian Redman, Hans Herrmann and Vic Elford were all known to be Nürburgring specialists and were very fast around the circuit.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Pre-race
Qualifying was dominated by works Porsches. They took the first four positions on the grid with the pole position time only a second slower than the time set by Ickx for the 1969 German Grand Prix; pole position went to the Jo Siffert/Brian Redman car, followed by Pedro Rodriguez/Leo Kinnunen, Vic Elford/Kurt Ahrens, Jr., and then Hans Herrmann/Richard Attwood. They were followed by a works Alfa Romeo T33/3 of Rolf Stommelen/Piers Courage, and the two works Ferrari 512S Spyders of Ignazio Giunti/Arturo Merzario and John Surtees/Nino Vaccarella.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Race
At the start Rodriguez went ahead and Siffert, the pole sitter, was also overtaken by Giunti's Ferrari. This allowed Rodriguez to get a good lead. At the second lap Siffert managed to overtake Giunti and endeavoured to regain first place. He was faster at the Ring and eroded Rodriguez's lead by about 1,5 seconds per lap. At lap 8 Siffert went ahead, but Rodriguez answered back with a best lap (new prototype record). Siffert managed to gain about 8 seconds on Rodriguez, before the pit stops.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Race
When pitstops came around, Rodriguez handed off his car to Kinnunen and Siffert to Redman; but the Siffert-Redman car was delayed and went back to second place. Redman went after Kinnunen and in two laps was poised to overtake him; under pressure Kinnunen, who had been affected by his friend Hans Laine's death the day before, crashed his 908/03 after going over a jump at the 14 kilometer mark (near the Karrusell), flipping in the air and Redman went right underneath his crashing teammate.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Race
This put the Siffert/Redman car into the lead, but by the end of the 22nd lap, Redman brought his 908/03 due to faltering oil pressure. The engine then failed due to lack of oil, and the Elford/Ahrens Jr. 908/03 took the lead, ran without a hitch and went on to win the race; followed by the other 908/03 of Herrmann/Attwood and the remaining works Ferrari of Surtees/Vaccarella. The one competitive works Alfa Romeo of Rolf Stommelen/Piers Courage went out after 11 laps with a broken shock absorber.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Race
With this victory at their home event, Porsche claimed the World Sportscar Championship over Ferrari.


1970 1000km of Nürburgring, Race
This would be the last ever major international race on the original Nürburgring with no safety features on it. For the next year's race, the Nordschleife was rebuilt, which included making the surface smoother and lining the circuit with Armco and adding run-off areas wherever possible. The German Grand Prix that year was originally supposed to be at the Nurburgring that year, but with Laine's accident being the third racing fatality at the Ring in 1970 and the deaths of 2 other Formula One drivers, the Formula One circus moved temporarily to Hockenheim, which prompted the Ring to be rebuilt. 3 more drivers and a motorcyclist were to die at the Ring that year- bring the total death tally for the circuit in 1970 up to a very dubious seven in one year.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps
The 1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps was an endurance race held at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium on May 17, 1970. It was the sixth round of the 1970 International Championship for Makes.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Pre-race
Prior to Formula One boycotting and then cancelling the 1969 Belgian Grand Prix because of the dangers of the ultra-high speed 8.7 mi (14.1 km) Spa-Francorchamps circuit, the track was fitted with Armco barriers in some places and was generally made safer. The layout had not been changed, however- and the circuit was still extremely fast and demanding; racing records were smashed at this race by the prototypes.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Pre-race
The old Spa layout was just about flat out for the entire 8.7 mile distance and the circuit sped into the rural countryside; whereas now, the circuit stays inside a part of the mountainous Ardennes forest. Lost corners like Burnenville, Malmedy, the infamous Masta Kink, Stavelot and La Carriere were all 180+ mph and corners like Eau Rouge, Blanchimont and Clubhouse were 150+ mph.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Pre-race
So every corner except the ultra-slow La Source hairpin was extremely fast and there was never any let-up for the cars on this circuit aside from La Source- and to add to the mental challenge, most of those corners had to be taken just slightly under flat out.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Pre-race
Spa was the fastest circuit in Europe at that time, and the great mental challenge of this legendary Belgian circuit in those days was that every corner was just as important as the other- if a driver lifted even just a little bit through any of the high-speed bends, they would lose 2–3 seconds from their lap time, just from having done the slightest little motion that would affect how they were driving. And worse- if a driver made even the slightest mistake, they were very likely to have a huge, catastrophic high speed accident which in those safety-absent days almost always meant serious injury or death.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Pre-race
The works Porsche teams brought the 917K's back into action for this race. They had used the new 908/03's previously at the Targa Florio.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Pre-race
In qualifying, pole position went to the Gulf-Porsche 917K of Pedro Rodriguez/Leo Kinnunen, followed by the other Gulf-Porsche 917K of Jo Siffert/Brian Redman, the works Ferrari 512S of Jacky Ickx/John Surtees, a privately entered 917K of Helmut Kelleners/Jürgen Neuhaus, and another works Ferrari 512S of Ignazio Giunti/Nino Vaccarella. Rodriguez averaged over 157 mph (253 km/h)- a new average speed record on road circuits.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Pre-race
Both the Wyer Porsches and the Ferraris encountered problems. The Ferrari was unstable at medium speed; the Porsches shred their tires at the very fast bends. Both Siffert and Redman had very hairy moments. Rodriguez was aware of them but, according to John Horseman, he just responded by driving even faster.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
It rained before the start of the race, but by the time the race started, the track was already drying. The teams had to decide on what kind of tires to use. Siffert, Rodriguez and Ickx chose mix condition tires; most of the big bangers chose rain tires.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
At the start, Siffert and Rodriguez were banging wheels going into Eau Rouge, with Siffert coming out best. At the second lap Ickx managed to get in touch with the Porsches. As at the third lap the big sports cars were lapping slower GTs, some changes in the lead happened. Siffert was passed by Rodriguez and Ickx, and then he got the lead again. He opened a gap of some seconds but never a large one. Rodriguez, trying hard, shred a tire. After one hour, the first pit stops took place.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
Siffert's pitstop was slow one and Ickx took the lead. For a while Siffert could not get near the Ferrari. But towards the end of his double stint, he got a message from the pits: an arrow was shown, meaning he was told to speed up and catch the Ferrari. Siffert did come closer to the Ferrari, and Rodriguez had also came closer, but neither were within striking distance. At the second pitstop, Ickx switched with John Surtees and Siffert with Redman. That day Surtees had, apparently, difficulty to deal with traffic and Redman had a very good stint.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
After some very exciting laps, Redman went ahead, Rodriguez came close, but he had to pit and later Kinnunen abandoned (gearbox). Redman took a large lead. At the last stint, Siffert was very far away but Ickx nevertheless tried hard to gain time. He did gain, but Siffert was informed of it by the pits and responded; the gap was stable from then on.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
The race was one of the best examples of the great sports-car battles of the 1970s. Some of the top drivers in the world at the time were battling with each other (Siffert, Ickx, Rodriguez, Redman, Elford) at the most fearsomely fast circuit in Europe, and there was a Ferrari-Porsche confrontation. Rodriguez lapped Spa at 3:16.5, averaging 160.513 mph (258.321 km/h). So the Siffert-Redman Porsche won, and the Ickx-Surtees Ferrari was second.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
Once the Formula One Belgian Grand Prix was held 3 weeks later (a race that Rodriguez won for BRM), Formula One cars struggled to get within 12 seconds of this time; although there was a chicane at Malmedy Corner just for the F1 race.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
This was the 4th victory in a row for Wyer's team, so far they had won 5 of the 6 races in the championship.


1970 1000km of Spa-Francorchamps, Race
This event set a record for the fastest ever road race in history, and the record would be broken twice more in successive years at the same circuit; and the eventual record stood for decades.


1970 12 Hours of Sebring
The 1970 12 Hours of Sebring was an endurance race held at the 5.2 mile (8.3 km) Sebring International Raceway, Sebring, Florida, United States on March 21, 1970. It was the twentieth running of the endurance classic and the second round of the 1970 World Sportscar Championship season.


1970 12 Hours of Sebring, Pre-race
John Wyer's Gulf-Porsche team had just come fresh off a 1-2 victory at Daytona 7 weeks earlier. So far, Porsche was ahead in the championship against their only real rival, Ferrari.


1970 12 Hours of Sebring, Pre-race
When the teams descended upon the isolated and very bumpy 5.2 mile Sebring airfield circuit in central Florida, qualifying was a mix of Ferraris and Porsches: American Mario Andretti qualified the #19 works Ferrari 512S Spyder on pole position at 121 mph at 2:33.5- 5 mph and 6.5 seconds faster than Chris Amon's time the year previous in a works Ferrari 312P and almost a second ahead of the #14 Jo Siffert/Brian Redman Gulf-Porsche 917K. Following them were the Porsche/Audi USA sponsored Porsche 917K driven by Vic Elford and Kurt Ahrens, Jr., the #20 works Ferrari 512S Spyder of Jacky Ickx/Peter Schetty, the #15 Gulf-Porsche 917K of Pedro Rodríguez/Leo Kinnunen, and a NART-entered Ferrari 512S Spyder of Sam Posey/Ronnie Bucknum and the #21 works Ferrari 512S of Ignazio Giunti/Nino Vaccarella.


1970 12 Hours of Sebring, Race
The 1970 running is considered by many to be the best 12 Hours of Sebring ever. This was the first 12 Hours of Sebring where the cars used a rolling start, a procedure similar to the start which is used at the Indianapolis 500, and has been used at every Sebring 12 Hours to this day.


1970 12 Hours of Sebring, Race
Before 1970, the drivers did a traditional Le Mans start, but the events of the 1969 Le Mans race in which English driver John Woolfe was killed driving his Porsche 917 after a crash in which he did not have his seatbelts fastened led the governing body to ban Le Mans starts on grounds of safety.


1970 12 Hours of Sebring, Race
A group of 5-liter entries led away; Andretti led from pole position, followed by Siffert, Elford, Ickx, Rodriguez and the rest of the field, which included works Matra and Alfa Romeo prototypes, running in the 3-liter class. There was an accident between two Lolas- Bob Brown in the #26 car would continue, but Mike De Udy in the other Lola would retire after just one lap.


1970 12 Hours of Sebring, Race
Ickx then moved ahead of Elford into 3rd, behind Siffert and Andretti, the former setting a fastest lap of 2:32.77 in an effort to catch Andretti, and he did for 2 laps- but Andretti regained it then lost it again when he pitted for fuel and a driver change. Other teams stopped for fuel and driver changes, as Andretti switched out with Merzario and Siffert with Redman. The #19's stop dropped it down to 5th, and moments later, Redman brought in the #14 car with electrical trouble. It was a lengthy pitstop, and the car dropped down the order.