1968 Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, largely ahead of the Italian Communist Party which came second. After the election Alfredo Berzanti, the incumbent Christian Democratic President, formed a government with the Italian Socialist Party and the Republicans (organic Centre-left).


1968 GP Ouest–France
The 1968 GP Ouest-France was the 32nd edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 27 August 1968. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Jean Jourden.


1968 Gator Bowl
The 1968 Gator Bowl, part of the 1968 bowl game season, took place on December 28, 1968, at the Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Missouri Tigers, representing the Big Eight Conference.


1968 Gator Bowl
The game featured two eventual College Football Hall of Fame coaches, Bear Bryant at Alabama and Dan Devine at Missouri. Missouri won the game, 35–10.


1968 Gator Bowl, Teams, Alabama
The 1968 Alabama squad finished the regular season with an 8–2 record, with its two losses coming by a combined three points to Ole Miss and Tennessee. Following the team's victory over Miami, Alabama accepted an invitation to play in the Gator Bowl on November 20. The appearance marked the first for Alabama in the Gator Bowl, and the school's 22nd overall bowl game.


1968 Gator Bowl, Teams, Missouri
Missouri finished the regular season with a record of 7–3, with losses to Kentucky, Oklahoma and Kansas. Following the team's loss against Oklahoma, Missouri accepted an invitation to play in the Gator Bowl on November 18. The appearance marked the third for Missouri in the Gator Bowl, and the school's 11th overall bowl game.


1968 Gator Bowl, Game summary
The Missouri Tigers scored first, with a Terry McMillan 4-yard touchdown run to complete an eleven-play, 71-yard drive to take a 7–0 lead.


1968 Gator Bowl, Game summary
In the second quarter, Alabama scored their only touchdown of the game after Donnie Sutton intercepted a McMillan pass and returned it 38 yards for a touchdown to tie the game at 7–7. Missouri retook the lead late in the second when McMillan scored from five yards out to give the Tigers a 14–7 lead at the half. After a scoreless third quarter, the Crimson Tide scored their final points of the game on a 28-yard field goal by Mike Dean to cut the Missouri lead to 14–10. Missouri responded with three touchdowns to put the game out of reach.


1968 Gator Bowl, Game summary
The first score was set up after Roger Wehrli intercepted a Neb Hayden pass and returned it to the Bama 21 yard line. Four plays later, McMillan scored his third touchdown of the game on a two-yard run. Greg Cook scored next on a 35-yard touchdown run and Dennis Poppe had the final points after returning a Scott Hunter pass 47 yards for a touchdown.


1968 Gator Bowl, Game summary
For the game, Missouri completed zero passes, but they rushed for 402 yards and they outgained the Crimson Tide 402 yards to 132. The 25-point loss was the worst for Alabama in its 22 bowl game history, and the 35 points Missouri scored were the most Alabama had ever surrendered in a bowl game.


1968 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1968 Gent–Wevelgem was the 30th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 16 April 1968. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Walter Godefroot of the Flandria team.


1968 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1968 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. The team was named national champion by NCAA-designated major selector Litkenhous.


1968 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1968 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology in the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by second-year head coach Bud Carson and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.


1968 German Grand Prix
The 1968 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Nürburgring on 4 August 1968. It was race 8 of 12 in both the 1968 World Championship of Drivers and the 1968 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was held in extremely wet and foggy conditions, and British driver Jackie Stewart, racing with a broken wrist, won the race by a margin of four minutes in what is widely considered to be one of the greatest victories in the history of Formula One.


1968 German Grand Prix
The race is also notable for Dan Gurney's choice of a full face helmet, making him the first driver to do so in Grand Prix racing.


1968 German Grand Prix, Report, Background
After Jo Siffert had surprisingly won the previous race at Brands Hatch, the paddock arrived at the Nürburgring almost unchanged. Equally unchanged was the weather: with rain over the entire weekend, this was to be the fifth wet race in a row. BMW entered a Lola-built Formula Two car driven by Hubert Hahne in order to evaluate their competitiveness in Formula One.


1968 German Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying
On Saturday, conditions were so poor, with visibility down to mere ten yards, that the organizers scheduled an additional practice session for Sunday morning. Still many drivers slid off the track during the morning session. Eventually, Jacky Ickx took pole positions by a full 10 seconds from second placed Chris Amon, both in a Ferrari. Jackie Stewart in his Matra MS10 was down in sixth place on the grid. At the time, Ickx became the youngest person ever to sit on pole, a record beaten 14 years later when Andrea de Cesaris achieved pole position at the 1982 United States Grand Prix West.


1968 German Grand Prix, Report, Race
Even with the conditions treacherous, 200,000 spectators turned up for the race on Sunday afternoon. The race turned out to be a one-man show by Scotsman Jackie Stewart. While Graham Hill took the lead at the start, by the end of the first lap Stewart had moved into first place and built a nine-second lead. He put his superior Dunlop wet tires to great effect and by the end of lap 2, had extended his lead to 34 seconds. When the race ended after 14 laps, Stewart crossed the line more than 4 minutes in front of second placed Hill.


1968 German Grand Prix, Report, Race
The eventual World Champion had spun on lap 11, but was able to get out of the car, push it into the right direction and keep going before third-placed Jochen Rindt could catch up. Chris Amon had battled with Hill for 11 laps over second place, rarely having more than a second between the two, until Amon spun out of the race on the same lap as Hill did.


1968 German Grand Prix, Report, Reactions
Stewart described the race as a "teeth gritting effort" in his autobiography. About the first lap he wrote:


1968 German Grand Prix, Report, Reactions
Visibility is so pathetically poor I can't even see Chris' car in front of me [...] I am simply driving into this great wall of spray. I pull out to pass him but the spray is dense and I'm driving blind.


1968 German Grand Prix, Report, Reactions
The race has been described as Stewart's best drive ever, with the Scot later confirming he felt the same way.


1968 German Open Championships
The 1968 German Open Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the 60th edition of the tournament, the first one in the Open Era, and took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, West Germany, from 5 August through 13 August 1968. John Newcombe and Annette Du Plooy won the singles titles.


1968 German Open Championships, Champions, Men's doubles
Tom Okker /  Marty Riessen defeated  John Newcombe /  Tony Roche 6–4, 6–4, 7–5


1968 German Open Championships, Champions, Women's doubles
Annette Du Plooy /  Pat Walkden defeated  Winnie Shaw /  Judy Tegart 6–3, 7–5


1968 German Open Championships, Champions, Mixed doubles
Annette Du Plooy /  Frew McMillan defeated  Pat Walkden /  Anderson 6–1, 12–10


1968 Gillette Cup
The 1968 Gillette Cup was the sixth Gillette Cup, an English limited overs county cricket tournament. It was held between 27 April and 7 September 1968. The tournament was won by Warwickshire County Cricket Club who defeated Sussex County Cricket Club by 4 wickets in the final at Lord's.


1968 Gillette Cup
The newly launched London Weekend Television won the rights to show the final throughout the ITV network, considered a major coup when set alongside the strong association the BBC then had with cricket (and would for another thirty years). They received huge opprobrium from the press and public for cutting away from the match near its climax to show adverts, and LWT - already facing serious problems because of an industrial dispute and because much of its output was considered too high-minded for ITV - would never cover cricket again.


1968 Gillette Cup, Format
The seventeen first-class counties, were joined by five Minor Counties: Bedfordshire, Cheshire, Dorset, Durham and Norfolk. Teams who won in the first round progressed to the second round. The winners in the second round then progressed to the quarter-final stage. Winners from the quarter-finals then progressed to the semi-finals from which the winners then went on to the final at Lord's which was held on 7 September 1968.


1968 Giro d'Italia
The 1968 Giro d'Italia was the 51st running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Campione d'Italia, on 20 May, with a 5.7 km (3.5 mi) stage and concluded in Naples, on 11 June, with a 235 km (146.0 mi) mass-start stage. A total of 130 riders from 13 teams entered the 22-stage race, which was won by Belgian Eddy Merckx of the Faema team. The second and third places were taken by Italians Vittorio Adorni and Felice Gimondi, respectively.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Teams
At the route's announcement on 21 March, the organizers announced twelve teams of ten would participate; however, one more team (Peugeot) was later invited. Each team sent a squad of ten riders so the Giro began with a peloton of 130 cyclists. Out of the 130 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 98 riders made it to the finish in Naples where eight riders were subsequently disqualified for testing positive for drugs leaving the general classification tally at 90 riders.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Teams
The starting peloton consisted of 70 Italians, 16 Belgians, 15 Frenchmen, 11 Spanish, 7 Swiss, four Germans, three Dutch, two Danes, one English, and one Luxembourgian rider. The presentation of the teams – where each team's roster and manager were introduced in front the media and local dignitaries – took place on 20 May, in the Campione d'Italia at 9:30 AM local time.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites
The starting peloton did include the previous year's winner Felice Gimondi. Eddy Merckx was confirmed to participate with his Faema team. Eight-time Grand Tour winner Jacques Anquetil did not participate in the race because of a dispute over pay.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
The race route was revealed to the public on 21 March 1968 by race director Vincenzo Torriani. The starting date of the event was moved from 18 or 19 May to the 20th because of the general election taking place within Italy that ended on 19 May. The race was broadcast by RAI throughout Italy. l'Unita writer Gino Sala's felt the route was geared towards climbers, referencing the inclusion of Tre Cime di Lavaredo which had been the previous year and eliminated several riders.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
Former racer Cino Cinelli felt the Tre Cime di Lavaredo would be the decisive stage, while three-time champion Gino Bartali felt the Spanish would benefit from the route. The average length of the stages was 178 km (111 mi). The second individual time trial, in San Marino, was seen as an important stage as it featured inclines of 5-6%. Gianni Motta commented that "I've never seen so many mountains in a row one after another." Four mountains approached or exceeded 2,000 m (6,562 ft): Monte Grappa, Tre Cime di Lavadero, Rocca di Cambio, and Blockhaus. Following the route's unveil, El Mundo Deportivo author Juan Plans Bosch wrote that the Giro would always be second to the Tour de France as it was the first premier bike race, while he felt the Giro had better "historical and geographical illustrations."


1968 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
To begin race festivities there was a parade through the streets of Campione d'Italia before the prologue started during the night. The race started with a 5.7 km (4 mi) prologue, which consisted of a 2.875 km (2 mi) circuit being crossed twice. The times from this stage were not included in the final times for the general classification, but were just done to determine the first person to wear the race leader's maglia rosa (English: pink jersey). This was the first Giro d'Italia to have a prologue to open the race.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
The 130 starting riders were divided into thirteen groups of ten, with each group of ten contesting the course at the same time. The times of the fastest riders from each group were put together and the fastest of those times was the rider that would wear the first pink jersey. The route finished for the first time in Naples near Mount Vesuvius along the Mediterranean Ocean.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Race overview
The race's twelfth stage saw heavy rain from the start of the stage in Gorizia, which turned to snow as the race began to elevate into the Dolomites. Police lined the sides of the roads of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo as the riders passed through due to incidents that occurred on the slopes the previous year. The leading group on the road had a ten-minute advantage on Eddy Merckx. Merckx was able to traverse the ten-minute gap, win the stage, and take the lead of the race.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Race overview, Doping
At a presentation in Campione d'Italia, Torriani announced the measures for doping controls. This was the first Giro d'Italia to administer tests in attempt to catch riders doping, To determine whether a not tests would be administered, a set of twenty-two envelopes were made with each envelope having a slip of paper inside that read either "Yes" or "No". Following the finish of each stage one envelope was opened, if it read "No," then all riders could leave immediately. If it read "Yes," then riders with high placings on the stage and in the overall classification were tested.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Race overview, Doping
The results from these tests, however, would be available fifteen days after the conclusion of the race. On 15 June, the Italian Cycling Federation announced that nine riders had tested positive during the race. The riders were Gimondi, Motta, Franco Balmamion, Franco Bodrero, Raymond Delise, Peter Abt, Victor van Schil, Mariano Diaz, Joaquin Galera. Balmamion was cleared of the charges as the substance found in his urine had not been officially banned. Gimondi's ban was overturned on 13 July as he persuaded the authorities he had used Reactivan.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Race overview, Doping
Years later, author John foot wrote "Doubts remain about how much the influence of Gimondi's fame and his ability to employ expensive lawyers and experts had on his case," casting further doubt on the legitimacy of Gimondi's claims of innocence. The Tour de France organizers adopted the Giro's doping control scheme for their 1968 race.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Classification Leadership
Two different jerseys were worn during the 1969 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification – calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider – wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Classification Leadership
For the points classification, which awarded a red jersey to its leader, cyclists were given points for finishing a stage in the top 15. The mountains classification leader. The climbs were ranked in first and second categories. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. There were a total of nineteen categorized climbs, of which the highest one, the Cima Coppi, was the Tre Cime di Lavaredo. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the stage finish times of the best three cyclists per team were added; the leading team was the one with the lowest total time.


1968 Giro d'Italia, Final standings, Minor classifications
Franco Bitossi (Filotex) won the traguardi tricolori classification and Merckx won the Trofeo dei Circuiti.


1968 Giro di Lombardia
The 1968 Giro di Lombardia was the 62nd edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 12 October 1968. The race started in Milan and finished in Como. The race was won by Herman Van Springel of the Dr. Mann team.


1968 Golden Fleece Cup
The 1968 VFL Golden Fleece Night Premiership was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in September and October of the 1968 VFL Premiership Season. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1968 VFL finals series. It was the 13th VFL Night Series competition. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. Hawthorn won its first night series cup defeating North Melbourne in the final by 61 points.


1968 Golden Helmet (Poland)
The Golden Helmet (Polish: Turniej o Złoty Kask, ZK) is an annual motorcycle speedway event, and has been organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1961. Currently the race is held in PC Team 3rd from last season (previously Wrocław), with the top twelve riders in the Extraleague and the top four riders in the First League.


1968 Golden Helmet (Poland)
1968 Golden Helmet season was the 8th since its establishment.


1968 Golden Helmet (Poland), Final classification
Note: Result from final score was subtracted with two the weakest events.


1968 Governor General's Awards
Each winner of the 1968 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit was selected by a panel of judges administered by the Canada Council for the Arts. The year was marked by controversy as both Leonard Cohen and Hubert Aquin refused to accept their awards.


1968 Grand National
The 1968 Grand National was the 122nd renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 30 March 1968.


1968 Grand National
The winner was the nine-year-old Red Alligator, by 20 lengths. He was ridden by jockey Brian Fletcher, who later rode Red Rum to victory in 1973 and 1974.


1968 Grand National
Tim Durant on Highlandie became the oldest jockey ever to complete the course at the age of 68.


1968 Grand National, Media coverage
The race was shown in a special edition of Grandstand on the BBC which was presented by David Coleman. The commentary team remained the same as the previous year, Peter O'Sullevan, Bob Haynes, Michael O'Hehir and Michael Seth-Smith. This was to be the final Grand National commentary for Bob Haynes.


1968 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
The 1968 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 20th F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of ten Grand Prix races in six classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc, 50cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 21 April, with German Grand Prix and ended with Nations Grand Prix on 15 September. As the sidecar race was cancelled at the Nations Grand Prix, it was announced that a replacement race would be held at Hockenheimring in October alongside the German national championship.


1968 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary
With the departure of Honda from the Grand Prix scene, MV Agusta proceeded to dominate the larger classes with Giacomo Agostini winning every race in the 500 and 350 classes. The 250 crown went to Phil Read amidst a controversy between Yamaha teammates. Read was supposed to take the 125 title while leaving the 250 crown for Bill Ivy. After Read captured the 125 title, he ignored team orders and went after the 250 title as well. As a result, Yamaha would discharge Read and he would never regain a place on the factory team. Hans-Georg Anscheidt would capture his third consecutive 50cc championship for Suzuki.


1968 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system
Points were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the best of three were counted on 50cc championships, best of five in 125cc championships, best of six in 250cc and 500cc championships, while in the Sidecars and 350cc, the best of four races were counted.


1968 Grantland Rice Bowl
The 1968 Grantland Rice Bowl was an NCAA College Division game following the 1968 season, between the Akron Zips and the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs. This was the last time that the Grantland Rice Bowl was played in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.


1968 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
Louisiana Tech quarterback Terry Bradshaw was selected first in the 1970 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers. His teammates Larry Brewer and Tommy Spinks were also drafted. Bradshaw and Spinks are inductees of their university's athletic hall of fame, as is head coach Maxie Lambright. Bradshaw is an inductee of both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame.


1968 Grantland Rice Bowl, Notable participants
The Akron squad has been designated a Team of Distinction by their university's sports hall of fame; head coach Gordon K. Larson was inducted to the hall in 1975, running back John "Jack" Beidleman was inducted in 1980, and quarterback Don Zwisler was inducted in 1981.


1968 Greek constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Greece on 15 November 1968. Voters were asked whether they wished to ratify a new constitution prepared by the dictatorial regime. It was approved by 92.1% of voters, with a voter turnout of 77.7%.


1968 Greek constitutional referendum, Background
A military junta, presided over by Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos, had ruled Greece since a group of middle-ranking officers staged a coup on 21 April 1967. King Constantine II reluctantly endorsed the coup, but started preparing for a counter-coup by elements of the armed forces loyal to him. The counter-coup, launched on 13 December 1967, failed, and the King and the royal family fled to Italy. In the aftermath of the royal coup attempt, the King was replaced by a regent, General Georgios Zoitakis, and Papadopoulos assumed the post of Prime Minister.


1968 Greek constitutional referendum, Background
On 16 December, Papadopoulos announced that the new constitution, which had been prepared by a committee of legal experts under Charilaos Mitrelias, President of the Council of State, was to be formally presented to the people on 16 March 1968, and subsequently confirmed by a plebiscite in summer. The original draft of the Mitrelias Committee, however, was deemed too liberal, and was heavily amended in the following months.


1968 Greek constitutional referendum, Background
In its final form, as presented on 11 July 1968, it retained the monarchy, but granted the armed forces autonomy from governmental and parliamentary control and entrusted them with the role of guardians of the status quo, it imposed restrictions on political parties and established a constitutional watchdog, the Constitutional Court, with wide-ranging powers, to regulate the country's political life.


1968 Greek constitutional referendum, Background
The referendum itself was proclaimed for 29 September, and was regarded by the regime as a public vote of support on its policies. Participation was made obligatory and abstention punishable by imprisonment. The regime employed extensive propaganda in favour of a "yes" vote, while any opposition was silenced. The referendum's results were thus predictably in favour of the new constitution. The vote, despite obligatory participation, was still marked by a high abstention, which reached over 22%.


1968 Green Bay Packers season
The 1968 Green Bay Packers season was their 50th season overall and the 48th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 6–7–1 record under first-year head coach Phil Bengtson, earning them a third-place finish in the Central Division of the Western Conference. It was also the Packers' first losing season since 1958. The 1968 season marked a turning point in Packers history, as it started a long period of futility and decline for the team known as the "Gory Years". From 1968 to 1991, the Packers had only five winning seasons (1969, 1972, 1978, 1982, and 1989), and made the playoffs only twice (1972 and 1982), winning only one playoff game (1982).


1968 Green Bay Packers season, Season summary, Week 14
A win by the Packers was important because a Bears loss means that The Minnesota Vikings clinched the Central Division title and their first ever playoff berth.


1968 Green Bay Packers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1968 Greenwich London Borough Council election
The 1968 Greenwich Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Greenwich London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Guinean general election
General elections were held in Guinea on 1 January 1968 to elect a President and National Assembly. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally as the sole legal party. Its leader Ahmed Sékou Touré was re-elected President unopposed, whilst in the National Assembly elections the party produced a list of 75 candidates for the 75 seats, which voters were asked to approve. Voter turnout was 99.7%.


1968 Guyanese general election
General elections were held in Guyana on 16 December 1968. The result was a victory for the People's National Congress, which won 30 of the 53 seats, although the PNC's victory was the result of fraud as the government had direct control of the elections. Voter turnout was 85.1%.


1968 Guyanese general election, Election fraud
The electoral fraud of Forbes Burnham was the subject of two documentaries produced by Granada Television, The Trail of the Vanishing Voters which aired on 9 December 1968, and The Making of a Prime Minister which appeared in January 1969. The documentaries featured the main opposition figures, Cheddi Jagan and Peter D'Aguiar.


1968 Hackney London Borough Council election
The 1968 Hackney Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Hackney London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election
The 1968 Hammersmith Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Hammersmith London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Background
These took place at the height of the unpopularity of the Labour Government. In Hammersmith from 52 Labour, 7 Conservative and 1 Liberal councillors at the commencement of the election the Conservatives, masterminded by John Putnam and Seton Forbes-Cockell (both of whom were elected Aldermen, won in every ward except White City, with two sitting Labour Councillors in Margravine and one in Sherbrooke elected in split votes.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Background
It is generally accepted that the Conservative Party in Hammersmith have never had as talented a group as in 1968. Of the newly elected councillors David Ashby and Patrick Ground went on to Parliament, Ben Patterson to the European Parliament, Christopher Horne fought and lost twice. Jack Rose, a popular local GP, was for many years the Chairman of the British branch of Gamblers Anonymous.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Background
The business experience of Stuart Leishman, Kim Howe, John Akerman, Paul Dwyer, Peter Fane and Sir George Bull, together with the above mentioned Aldermen led to a business renaissance in the borough, which was cut short by Ted Heath's appalling unpopularity in 1971, and the excellent organisation of Labour agent Leslie Hilliard CBE, which led to all but two - one of whom Reg Simmerson promptly resigned for the party - being defeated.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Background
Sir Samuel Salmon, the Chairman of J Lyons and Co , then a major local employer, Seton Forbes-Cockell and Gordon Field - the later after  an abrasive and divisive election - served as Mayors from 1968-1971; William Smith and John Putman subsequently returned to the Council and were also elected Mayors.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Background
Others were not so successful; bankrupt builder John Duff disappeared within months of the election; ILEA representative Simon de Voghelaere faced similar financial trouble, and Nick Bryce-Smith subsequently became involved in the Bradstock Insurance scandal.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Background
In April 1987 Joan Caruana, Mayor of Hammersmith, hosted a gathering attended by 44 former members, officers and others connected with the 1968-71 council; it was the last public appearance of Lord Stewart of Fulham.


1968 Hammersmith London Borough Council election, Election result
The Conservatives reversed the 1964 result winning 54 of the 60 seats, with 58% of the votes cast.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500
The 1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500 was a production car race held on 6 October 1968 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. It was the ninth running of the Bathurst 500.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500
For the first time factory supported teams of Ford and Holden V8s raced against each other, setting a pattern that continues to this day in Australian touring car racing, currently known as V8 Supercar. It was not one of the factory cars that won however. The race was won by the Wyong Motors entered Holden Monaro driven by Bruce McPhee (apart from one lap mid-race driven by Barry Mulholland) who upset the big teams with a tactical tyre strategy of running a buffed hard wearing street tyre rather than a racing tyre.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500
Initially Des West and Ron Marks were classified second but were later disqualified for illegal engine modifications. Second place was then awarded to the factory supported Holden Dealer Racing Team Monaro of Jim Palmer (to that point the best finish by a New Zealander) and Phil West. The AM Roberts entered Monaro driven by Tony Roberts and Bob Watson finished third.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500
Future two-time Bathurst 1000 winner Allan Grice made his Mount Panorama debut in 1968. Driving with author/journalist Bill Tuckey in a Class D Fiat 124 Sport for Scuderia Veloce, the pair finished the race in 18th outright and 9th in class, 11 laps down on the McPhee/Mulholland Monaro.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500
Midge Whiteman and Christine Cole, racing in a Mini 850, finished the race as an all girls team, coming 5th in their class.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure
Cars competed in five classes based on the purchase price (in Australian dollars) of the vehicle.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class A
Class A was for cars which cost less than $1,850. It was made up of Datsun 1000, Ford Cortina, Hillman GT, Morris Mini De Luxe and Toyota Corolla.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class B
The $1,851 to $2,250 class was dominated by the Datsun 1600, but also contained Hillman Arrow, Hillman Gazelle and Morris 1100S.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class C
The $2,251 to $3,000 class saw a mix of standard versions of the outright contenders, Ford Falcon and Holden Kingswood and Fiat 125 and Morris Cooper S.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class D
The $3,001 to $4,500 class featured the outright contenders, Ford Falcon GT and Holden Monaro GTS 327, but also contained a single Chrysler VE Valiant, Fiat 124 Sport and Studebaker Lark.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Class structure, Class E
For cars over $4,500, contained Alfa Romeo 1750 GTV and a single Citroen DS21 Pallas.


1968 Hardie-Ferodo 500, Results
Note : Jack Nougher competed in car 44 under the name "Jack Eiffeltower" in this race.


1968 Hardy Cup
The 1968 Hardy Cup was the 1968 edition of the Canadian intermediate senior ice hockey championship. The 1967-68 season was the first season of the Hardy Cup, which was awarded by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association between 1968 and 1990.


1968 Hardy Cup
The winners of the 1968 Cup were the Sept-Îles Mineurs, a hockey team based in Sept-Îles, Quebec. In the final, they beat the Meadow Lake Stampeders from Saskatchewan 3-1.


1968 Hardy Cup
To reach the final, the Mineurs had won the Eastern Canadian championship by beating Kapuskasing, while Meadow Lake had won the Western  Canadian championship by beating Fort Frances.


1968 Hardy Cup, Sept-Îles Mineurs 1968 Roster
Management: Jean Croteau, Arthur Levesque, Lucien Ruest. Coach: Jean-Guy Normand.


1968 Harelbeke–Antwerp–Harelbeke
The 1968 Harelbeke–Antwerp–Harelbeke was the 11th edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 23 March 1968. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Jaak De Boever.


1968 Haringey London Borough Council election
The 1968 Haringey Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Haringey London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Alexandra-Bowes
R. A. Penton was a sitting councillor for Park ward.


1968 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Coleraine
C. D. Moss was a sitting councillor for Noel Park ward.


1968 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Fortis Green
C. Hannington was a sitting councillor for Stroud Green ward.


1968 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Noel Park
Mrs D. C. Findley was a sitting councillor for Alexandra-Bowes ward. L. A. Vitoria was a sitting councillor for Town Hall ward.


1968 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, Park
Mrs L. A. Angell was a sitting councillor for Noel Park ward.


1968 Haringey London Borough Council election, Ward results, South Hornsey
Mrs L. H. Lipson was a sitting councillor for West Green ward.


1968 Harrow London Borough Council election
The 1968 Harrow Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Harrow London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1968 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1968 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. Harvard was co-champion of the Ivy League.


1968 Harvard Crimson football team
In their 12th year under head coach John Yovicsin, the Crimson compiled an 8–0–1 record and outscored opponents 236 to 90. Vic Gatto was the team captain.


1968 Harvard Crimson football team
Both Harvard and Yale were unbeaten entering their season-ending rivalry matchup. Their 29–29 tie resulted in identical 6–0–1 conference records, and in both teams being named co-champions of the league. The Crimson outscored Ivy opponents 150 to 70. The final game inspired The Harvard Crimson headline "Harvard Beats Yale 29-29", and a 2008 documentary film of the same name.


1968 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.


1968 Harvard Crimson football team
Actor Tommy Lee Jones was a starting guard on the team.


1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Haryana Legislative Assembly were held on 12 May 1968 to elect members of the 81 constituencies in Haryana, India. The Indian National Congress won a majority of seats and Bansi Lal was appointed as the Chief Minister of Haryana.


1968 Havering London Borough Council election
The 1968 Havering Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Havering London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Hawaii Rainbows football team
The 1968 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa as an independent during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. In their first season under head coach Dave Holmes, the Rainbows compiled a 7–3 record.


1968 Hawthorn Football Club season
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 17:53, 15 December 2019 (→Ladder). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1968 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1968 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 44th season in the Victorian Football League and the 67th overall.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash
On 3 July 1968, BKS Air Transport Flight 6845, an Airspeed Ambassador registration G-AMAD of BKS Air Transport crashed at Heathrow Airport, damaging two parked Trident airliners as it cartwheeled into the incomplete Heathrow Terminal 1, then under construction. Six of the eight people on board the Ambassador were killed, along with the eight racehorses being transported on it. The crash was blamed on the failure of a flap-operating rod due to metal fatigue, resulting in asymmetrical lift.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Accident
The Ambassador, construction number 5211, had previously been British European Airways' Sir Francis Drake. It had recently been converted to a "horsebox" transport and was on a flight from Deauville, France, to Heathrow Airport. Flight 6845 was transporting eight racehorses belonging to businessman William Hill together with five grooms. As the aircraft was landing on Heathrow's runway 28R the left wing dropped, and the wing tip and left landing gear touched the grass adjacent to the runway. The crew tried to increase power to go-around and climb away, but the bank angle increased.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Accident
The aircraft hit two parked empty British European Airways Hawker Siddeley Tridents, knocking the tail fin off one (G-ARPI) and slicing off the entire tail section of the other (G-ARPT). The Ambassador cartwheeled following the impact and slid upside down coming up against the ground floor of the terminal building where there was an explosion.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Accident
Six people on board the Ambassador died, including the flight crew and three of five grooms, along with all eight horses. The other two grooms were seriously injured as were two people on the ground. A further 29 people on the ground received slight injuries.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Accident
Of the two Trident aircraft, G-ARPT was damaged beyond economic repair and G-ARPI was subsequently repaired. A Viscount (G-APKF) received slight damage. The Viscount was also repaired.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Accident
All other Ambassadors were grounded pending the result of an inquiry. The starboard rod from the aircraft was tested and found satisfactory but rods from some other Ambassadors showed signs of cracking and when tested failed in a similar manner to G-AMAD's port rod. The rods on aircraft were strengthened and shown to be capable of 37,000 hours flight time.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Probable cause
The port (left) flap operating rod had failed due to metal fatigue. While the mechanism had failed, the compensating mechanism between the two sets of flaps remained intact. The port flaps had retracted but the compensator caused the starboard ones to extend further. The resulting asymmetry of lift resulted in the roll to port.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Probable cause
The pilot probably tried to overshoot and set the flaps to the correct 10 degrees, but due to the mechanism design this was not sufficient to cause the starboard flaps to retract (which would have taken 25 seconds in any event). The Department of Transport report concluded that whatever the pilot's actions, it was "doubtful" whether an accident could have been avoided.


1968 Heathrow BKS Air Transport Airspeed Ambassador crash, Probable cause
After the accident all Ambassadors were fitted with steel reinforcements to the flap operating rods.


1968 Hickory 250
The 1968 Hickory 250 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on April 7, 1968, at Hickory Speedway in Hickory, North Carolina.


1968 Hickory 250, Background
Hickory Motor Speedway first opened in 1951 as a 1⁄2-mile (0.80 km) dirt track. Gwyn Staley won the first race at the speedway and later became the first track champion. Drivers such as Junior Johnson, Ned Jarrett, and Ralph Earnhardt also became track champions in the 1950s, with Earnhardt  winning five of them.


1968 Hickory 250, Background
In 1953, NASCAR's Grand National Series visited the track for the first time. Tim Flock won the first race at the speedway, which became a regular part of the Grand National schedule. After winning his track championship in 1952, Junior Johnson became the most successful Grand National driver at Hickory, winning there seven times.


1968 Hickory 250, Background
The track has been re-configured three times in its history. The track became a 0.4-mile (644 meters) dirt track in 1955, which was paved for the first time during the 1967 season. In 1970, the Hickory track was shortened to a length of 0.363 miles (584 meters).


1968 Hickory 250, Race report
The "250" portion of the event's name referred to the number of laps that were scheduled to be performed that day; the race lasted only 100 miles or 160 kilometres overall. It took one hour, fifteen minutes, and thirty-two seconds for the race to reach its conclusion; Richard Petty defeated David Pearson by 0.5 laps in front of ten thousand people; helping Petty to win his third Hickory Cup race in a row. Two cautions were waved for nineteen laps.


1968 Hickory 250, Race report
Total winnings for the race were $4,940 ($36,320 when adjusted for inflation); with the winner receiving $1,200 ($8,823 when adjusted for inflation). Most of the vehicles that raced in this event had the Ford Motor Company as their manufacturer. Notable speeds in this race were: 79.435 miles per hour (127.838 km/h) as the average speed achieved by David Pearson and 86.795 miles per hour (139.683 km/h) as the pole position speed.


1968 Hickory 250, Race report
Notable crew chiefs for the race were Harry Hyde, Dale Inman, Frankie Scott, Jake Elder, Tom Vandiver, and Ray Hicks.


1968 Hickory 250, Race report
For the race, the temperatures reached a maximum of 66.9 °F or 19.4 °C with wind speeds reaching 7.00 miles per hour or 11.27 kilometres per hour, providing a relatively chilly but pleasant climate for the drivers and for the fans. Precipitation was relatively absent during the day of the race, although rain and/or melted snow was reported at the nearest airport on that day. For people who were driving to the race track that day, visibility on the road was a vivid 9.1 miles or 14.6 kilometres.


1968 Hickory 250, Race report
The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the "strictly stock" vehicles of the 1950s.


1968 Hickory 250, Finishing order
* Driver failed to finish race † signifies that the driver is known to be deceased


1968 Higgins by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Higgins on 24 February 1968. It was triggered by the presumed drowning death of the Prime Minister and Liberal Party MP Harold Holt on 17 December 1967.


1968 Higgins by-election, Background
On 15 January 1968, the speaker William Ashton stated that there was conclusive evidence that Holt had died, and that a writ would be issued for the by-election. Senator John Gorton, who had been elected party leader and Prime Minister by his party colleagues on 9 January, was preselected unopposed to run for the Liberal Party on 31 January.


1968 Higgins by-election, Background
The Australian Labor Party nominated David Bennett, a research officer with the Australian Council for Educational Research, whilst the Democratic Labor Party, who had received 11.56% of the vote at the November 1966 election in the seat, opted not to contest the election. The other two candidates were Dr Leonard Webber for the Australia Reform Movement, and a Sydney journalist, Frank Courtis.


1968 Higgins by-election, Background
Gorton won the by-election for the Liberals with an increased primary vote.


1968 Hillingdon London Borough Council election
The 1968 Hillingdon Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Hillingdon London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
The 1968 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team was an American football team that represented Hofstra University during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. Hofstra placed sixth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division.


1968 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
In their 19th year under head coach Howard "Howdy" Myers Jr., the Flying Dutchmen compiled a 5–5 record, but were outscored 171 to 155. Bob Devin, Richie Green and Harry Royle were the team captains.


1968 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
Hofstra's 1–3 record against MAC University Division opponents was the second-worst of the division's seven competitors, just half a game ahead of Gettysburg's 1–4. League member West Chester is listed below both teams on standings tables, but was not eligible for the championship, as it only played one divisional game.


1968 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
The Flying Dutchmen played their home games at Hofstra Stadium on the university's Hempstead campus on Long Island, New York.


1968 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1968 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. For the second year, Tom Boisture served as head coach. The team compiled a record of 3–6–1.


1968 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
All home games were played at Fitton Field on the Holy Cross campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1968 Honduran Cup
The 1968 Honduran Cup was the first football cup played in Honduras, the tournament was won by Motagua and it was divided into two groups of five, advancing the top two to the final round. The celebration and international recognition of the country's inaugural cup was overshadowed by the national teams loss eight months later in World Cup qualifications against El Salvador, which was played several weeks before both countries waged a four-day war.


1968 Honduran Cup, Final Round
Oddly, instead of inter-crossing the winners and runner-ups of each group, the semifinals were played within the group contenders. In case of a leveled score after 90 minutes, the match was decided by a penalty shoot-out of three (3) shots pear team, taken by a single player.


1968 Hounslow London Borough Council election
The 1968 Hounslow Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Hounslow London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Houston Astros season
The 1968 Houston Astros season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Astros finishing in tenth place in the National League, with a record of 72–90, 25 games behind the St. Louis Cardinals. The Astros also hosted the 1968 MLB All-Star Game at the Astrodome, with the NL defeating the AL, 1–0.


1968 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1968 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1968 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1968 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1968 Houston Astros season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1968 Houston Cougars football team
The 1968 Houston Cougars football team, also known as the Houston Cougars, Houston, or UH, represented the University of Houston in the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. It was the 23rd year of season play for Houston. The team was coached by seventh-year head coach Bill Yeoman who was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2001. The team played its home games in the Astrodome, a 53,000-person capacity stadium off-campus in Houston. Houston competed as a member of the NCAA in the University Division, independent of any athletic conference.


1968 Houston Cougars football team
It was their ninth year of doing so. At this time, Houston was on probation from the NCAA, and therefore was not eligible to compete in any post-season bowl games. Following the overall season, several players were selected for the 1969 NFL Draft. The 100 points scored by Houston in the November 23rd game against Tulsa remains the most points scored by a team in Division I college football history.


1968 Houston Oilers season
The 1968  Houston Oilers season was the 9th season for the Houston Oilers as a professional AFL franchise; The team would play their home games in the Houston Astrodome. The Oilers would become the first team in professional football to play their games in a domed stadium. The Oilers finished their season with a record of 7-7 and did not qualify for the playoffs.


1968 Houston Oilers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1968 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1968 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1968 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1968 Lumberjacks were led by third-year head coach Bud Van Deren. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished the regular season ranked #16 in the AP poll and #10 in the UPI poll, with a record of nine wins and one loss (9–1, 6–0 FWC).


1968 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
At the end of the season the Lumberjacks were invited to the Camellia Bowl. There was no playoff in the College Division at this time, so the Camellia Bowl was one of four regional championship games in the division. Humboldt State faced California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) champion Fresno State and defeated the Bulldogs 29–14 to win the western region title.


1968 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The Camellia Bowl victory brought Humboldt State's final record to ten wins and one loss (10–1, 6–0 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 375–138 for the season.


1968 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL
No Humboldt State players were selected in the 1969 NFL Draft.


1968 Hutt by-election
The Hutt by-election of 1968 was a by-election for the electorate of Hutt on 3 August 1968 during the 35th New Zealand Parliament.


1968 Hutt by-election
The by-election resulted from the death of the previous member and former prime minister Sir Walter Nash on 4 June 1968. The contest was won by Trevor Young, also of the Labour Party. The National candidate was John Kennedy-Good, a future Mayor of Lower Hutt, who had stood for National in the previous general election.


1968 Hutt by-election, Background
Sir Walter Nash had represented the electorate since 1929 and was still MP at the age of 86 before dying after suffering a heart attack on 4 June 1968. Nash had already announced he intended to retire at the end of the parliamentary term and Trevor Young had already been selected as his successor in the seat to contest 1969 general election.


1968 Hutt by-election, Candidates
The Labour Party chose Trevor Young as their candidate. Young, a longtime Labour member, had been a Lower Hutt City Councillor since 1947. Young had previously been selected to contest the seat at the upcoming general election in 1969.


1968 Hutt by-election, Candidates
John Kennedy-Good was selected as the candidate of the National Party. He had been a member of the Lower Hutt City Council since 1962 and had stood in Hutt for National at the previous election.


1968 Hutt by-election, Campaign
There were allegations made of bias in television coverage of the election. John Mathison, Labour MP for Avon, made a speech in parliament where he criticised the state-owned and operated New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation (NZBC) running a nationwide news programme featuring coverage of Prime Minister Keith Holyoake and the National candidate John Kennedy-Good. However, the programme did not feature any footage of Leader of the Opposition Norman Kirk and Labour candidate Trevor Young who held a meeting on that same day.


1968 Hutt by-election, Campaign
Holyoake rejected the criticism and stated that the NZBC were under time constraints, which led them to omit filming the Labour meeting. Social Credit leader Vernon Cracknell was critical of the failure of the media to cover the Social Credit campaign, stating he believed they should be allotted the same attention that the two main parties were.


1968 Hutt by-election, Aftermath
Young held the seat until its abolition in 1978. He then represented the seat of Eastern Hutt until 1990 when he retired.


1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake
The 1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake (Japanese: 1968年日向灘地震) occurred on April 1 at 09:42 local time. The earthquake had a magnitude of Mw 7.5, and the epicenter was located in Hyūga-nada Sea, off the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku, Japan. The magnitude of this earthquake was also given as MJMA 7.5. A tsunami was observed. There were 15 people reported injured. The intensity reached shindo 5 in Miyazaki and Kōchi.


1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake, Description
This was an interplate earthquake between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. In this region, the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate. The subduction interface around this region passes southwestwards from the Nankai megathrust to the Ryukyu Trench just south of Kyusyu.


1968 Hyūga-nada earthquake, Description
This earthquake is the strongest event recorded in the Hyūga-nada Sea region. The maximum slip was estimated to be 4 m. It was estimated that, in the Hyūga-nada Sea region, earthquakes with magnitudes about 7.6 occur with a period of about 200 years, while earthquakes with magnitudes about 7.1 occur with a period of about 20 to 27 years. It has been pointed out that there is a tendency of occurrence of inland earthquakes in Kyushu before and after large interplate earthquakes in the Hyūga-nada Sea region.


1968 IIHF European U19 Championship
The 1968 IIHF European U19 Championship was the first official edition of the IIHF European Junior Championships. Tampere in Finland hosted the six team tournament from 26 December 1967 to 3 January 1968. Finland were qualified as hosts; the other five participants were qualified through the playoffs, played in November and December 1967.


1968 IV FIBA International Christmas Tournament
The 1968 IV FIBA International Christmas Tournament "Trofeo Raimundo Saporta" was the 4th edition of the FIBA International Christmas Tournament. It took place at Sports City of Real Madrid Pavilion, Madrid, Spain, on 24, 25 and 26 December 1968 with the participations of Real Madrid (champions of the 1967–68 FIBA European Champions Cup), Uruguay, Meralco Reddy Kilowatts and Picadero.


1968 Icelandic Cup
The 1968 Icelandic Cup was the ninth edition of the National Football Cup.


1968 Icelandic Cup
It took place between 21 July 1964 and 5 October 1964, with the final played at Melavöllur in Reykjavik. The cup was important, as winners qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (if a club won both the league and the cup, the defeated finalists would take their place in the Cup Winners' Cup). Teams from the Úrvalsdeild karla (1st division) did not enter until the quarter finals. In prior rounds, teams from the 2. Deild (2nd division), as well as reserve teams, played in one-legged matches. In case of a draw, lots were drawn. From the semi-finals, after a replay, lots were drawn.


1968 Icelandic Cup
ÍBV Vestmannaeyjar, newly promoted to the 1. Deild won the Icelandic Cup for the first time in their history, and therefore progressed into Europe. Another first came when a reserve team reached the final - KR Reykjavik, who beat their own first team in the quarter final.


1968 Icelandic presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Iceland on 30 June 1968. The result was a victory for Kristján Eldjárn, who received 65.6% of the vote.


1968 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1968 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. The Vandals were led by first-year head coach Y C McNease and played in the Big Sky Conference. Home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one home game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.


1968 Idaho Vandals football team
This was the last season for Neale Stadium, which opened 31 years earlier in 1937. It hosted only two games in 1968, and the final one was a win over Weber State on November 2. Due to soil erosion, the wooden grandstands were deemed unsafe the following summer and home games were moved to Rogers Field in Pullman for two seasons.


1968 Idaho Vandals football team
After fullback Ray McDonald won the NCAA rushing title in 1966, the Vandals were involuntarily dropped by the NCAA to the college division in 1967. After two seasons, Idaho returned to the university division in 1969.


1968 Idaho Vandals football team
For the second straight season, Idaho allowed 77 points at the Astrodome in Houston.


1968 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference
Wide receiver Jerry Hendren and linebacker Joe Tasby were unanimous selections to the all-conference team, and were joined by running back Rob Young.


1968 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft
Two juniors from the 1968 Vandals were selected in the 1970 NFL Draft, which lasted seventeen rounds (442 selections).


1968 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1968 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1968 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach Jim Valek, the Illini compiled a 1–9 record and finished in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten Conference.


1968 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The team's offensive leaders were quarterback Bob Naponic with 813 passing yards, running back Rich Johnson with 973 rushing yards, and wide receiver Doug Dieken with 223 receiving yards. Fullback Rich Johnson was selected as the team's most valuable player.


1968 Illinois earthquake
The 1968 Illinois earthquake (a New Madrid event) was the largest recorded earthquake in the U.S. Midwestern state of Illinois. Striking at 11:02 am on November 9, it measured 5.4 on the Richter scale. Although no fatalities occurred, the event caused considerable structural damage to buildings, including the toppling of chimneys and shaking in Chicago, the region's largest city. The earthquake was one of the most widely felt in U.S. history, largely affecting 23 states over an area of 580,000 sq mi (1,500,000 km2). In studying its cause, scientists discovered the Cottage Grove Fault in the Southern Illinois Basin.


1968 Illinois earthquake
Within the region, millions felt the rupture. Reactions to the earthquake varied; some people near the epicenter did not react to the shaking, while others panicked. A future earthquake in the region is extremely likely; in 2005, seismologists and geologists estimated a 90% chance of a magnitude 6–7 tremor before 2055, likely originating in the Wabash Valley seismic zone on the Illinois–Indiana border or the New Madrid fault zone.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Background
The first recorded earthquake in Illinois is from 1795 when a small earthquake shook the frontier settlement of Kaskaskia, although the epicenter could not be located and may have been outside Illinois. Data from large earthquakes—in May and July 1909, and November 1968—suggest that earthquakes in the area are of moderate magnitude but can be felt over a large geographical area, largely because of the lack of fault lines.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Background
The May 1909 Aurora earthquake affected people in an area of 500,000 sq mi (1,300,000 km2); the 1968 Illinois earthquake was felt by those living in an area of about 580,000 sq mi (1,500,000 km2). Contradicting the idea that the region's earthquakes are felt over a wide area, a 1965 shock was only noticed near Tamms, though it had the same intensity level (VII) as those of 1909 and 1968. Before 1968, earthquakes had been recorded in 1838, 1857, 1876, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1887, 1891, 1903, 1905, 1912, 1917, 1922, 1934, 1939, 1947, 1953, 1955, and 1958. Since 1968, other earthquakes have occurred in the same region in 1972, 1974, 1984, and 2008.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Geology
The quake struck on Saturday, November 9, 1968, at 11:02 am. The quake's epicenter was slightly northwest of Broughton in Hamilton County, and close to the Illinois–Indiana border, about 120 miles (190 km) east of St. Louis, Missouri. Surrounding the epicenter were several small towns built on flat glacial lake plains and low hills. Scientists described the rupture as "strong". During the quake, surface wave and body wave magnitudes were measured at 5.2 and 5.54, respectively. The magnitude of the quake reached 5.4 on the Richter scale. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 25 km (16 mi).


1968 Illinois earthquake, Geology
A fault plane solution for the earthquake confirmed two nodal planes (one is always a fault plane, the other an auxiliary plane) striking north–south and dipping about 45° to the east and to the west. This faulting suggests dip slip reverse motion and a horizontal east–west axis of confining stress. At the time of the earthquake, no faults were known in the immediate epicentral region (see below), but the motion corresponded to movement along the Wabash Valley Fault System roughly 10 mi (16 km) east of the region. The rupture also partly occurred on the New Madrid Fault, responsible for the great New Madrid earthquakes in 1812. The New Madrid tremors were the most powerful earthquakes to hit the contiguous United States.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Geology
Various theories were put forward for the cause of the rupture. Donald Roll, director of seismology at Loyola University Chicago, proposed that the quake was caused by massive amounts of silt being deposited by rivers, generating a "seesaw" effect on the plates beneath. "The weight of the silt depressed one end of the block and tipped up the other," he said. Scientists eventually realized, though, that the cause was a then-unknown fault, the Cottage Grove Fault, a small tear in the Earth's rock in the Southern Illinois Basin near the city of Harrisburg, Illinois.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Geology
The fault, which is aligned east–west, is connected to the north–south-trending Wabash Valley Fault System at its eastern end. Seismographic mapping completed by geologists revealed monoclines, anticlines, and synclines, all of which suggest deformation during the Paleozoic era, when strike-slip faulting took place nearby. The fault runs along an ancient Precambrian terrane boundary. It was active mainly in the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian epochs around 300 million years ago.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Damage
The earthquake was felt in 23 states and affected a zone of 580,000 sq mi (1,500,000 km2). The shaking extended east to Pennsylvania and West Virginia, south to Mississippi and Alabama, north to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and west to Oklahoma. Isolated reports were received from Boston, Mobile, Alabama, Pensacola, Florida, southern Ontario, Arkansas, Minnesota, Tennessee, Georgia, Kansas, Ohio, Mississippi, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Missouri, West Virginia, Alabama, Nebraska, Iowa, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin, presumably because of shaking. The worst-affected areas were in the general area of Evansville, Indiana, St. Louis, and Chicago, but with no major damage. No deaths happened; the worst injury was a child knocked unconscious by falling debris outside his home.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Damage
Damage was confined to Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, and south-central Iowa, and largely consisted of fallen chimneys, foundation cracks, collapsed parapets, and overturned tombstones. In one home in Dale, Illinois, near Tuckers Corners and southwest of McLeansboro, the quake cracked interior walls, plaster, and chimneys. Using a type of victim study, the local post office surveyed residents and implemented a field inspection, which indicated the strongest shaking (MM VII) took place in the Wabash Valley, Ohio Valley, and other nearby south-central Illinois lowlands. Outside this four-state zone, oscillating objects, including cars, chimneys, and the Gateway Arch, were reported to authorities.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Damage
McLeansboro in particular experienced minor damage over an extensive area. Its local high school reported 19 broken windows in the girls' gymnasium, along with cracked plaster walls. Most of the high school's classrooms sustained fractured walls. The façade of the town's First United Methodist Church was damaged, and a brick and concrete block fell off the top. The Hamilton County Courthouse withstood several structural cracks, including one on the ceiling above the judge's seat. The town's residents also reported collapsing chimneys; three chimneys toppled at one home, leading to further damage.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Damage
Most of the buildings that experienced chimney damage were 30 to 50 years old. The City Building in Henderson, Kentucky, 50 miles (80 km) east-southeast of the epicenter, sustained considerable structural damage. Moderate damage—including broken chimneys and fractured walls—occurred in towns in south-central Illinois, southwest Indiana, and northwest Kentucky. For instance, a concrete-brick cistern caved in 6.2 miles (10.0 km) west of Dale.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Damage
In Lineville, Iowa, about 80 mi (130 km) south of Des Moines on the Missouri border, the quake was felt as a long shaking. The quake damaged the town's water tower, which began to leak 300 US gal (1,100 L) of water an hour.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Damage
Donald Roll correctly predicted the earthquake would have no aftershocks. He later said, "That was kind of a safety valve. The pressure [that] has been built up has been released." He also described the earthquake as "a very rare occurrence".


1968 Illinois earthquake, Response
Millions in the area experienced the earthquake, the first major seismic event in decades. Following the tremor, businesses in the area emptied. Many residents did not believe that the earthquake was over magnitude 5. Others did not realize an earthquake was taking place, for example, some residents thought their furnaces had exploded, and one man thought that the shaking was caused by his son "jumping up and down". At the Suntone Factory in McLeansboro, 30 mi (48 km) from the epicenter, workers rushed out of the building, thinking a 1,100 US gal (4,200 l) water tank inside had fallen.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Response
People's reactions varied; some described themselves as "shocked"; others admitted to being "shaky" or nervous for the rest of the day. Harold Kittinger, a worker at the Suntone Factory, said, "I do not care to tell anyone I was frightened. But I was not shaking in my shoes. My shoes were moving." One woman hypothesized that the shaking was a "bomb". Grace Standerfer suggested the earthquake was sudden, saying, "I was just scared to death. My husband and I were in the house. The Venetian shades began to shake one way, then another.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Response
When that awful blast came, he grabbed me and we ran outside. Things were falling and breaking in the house. I said to him, 'This is it.' I thought the world had come to an end. Outside, wires were moving. There was no wind. The ground was quivering under our feet. I was so scared. I did not know I was scared." People in the community of Mount Vernon, Illinois, were frightened by the shaking. However, some did not notice the earthquake; Jane Bessen said her party was "in a car ... to Evansville and didn't know about it until we got there".


1968 Illinois earthquake, Future threats
In 2005, scientists determined that a 90% probability existed of a magnitude 6–7 earthquake occurring in the New Madrid area during the next 50 years. This could cause potentially high damage in the Chicago metropolitan area, which has a population near 10 million people.


1968 Illinois earthquake, Future threats
Pressure on the fault where the 1811–1812 Madrid earthquakes occurred was believed to be increasing, but a later study by Eric Calais of Purdue University and other experts concluded the land adjacent to the New Madrid fault was moving less than 0.2 mm (0.0079 in) a year, increasing the span between expected earthquakes on the fault to 500–1,000 years. Scientists anticipating a future earthquake suggest the Wabash Valley Fault as a possible source, calling it "dangerous".


1968 Illinois earthquake, Future threats
Douglas Wiens, a professor of earth and planetary sciences, reported: "The strongest earthquakes in the last few years have come from the Wabash Valley Fault", and said the fault needs more scientific observation. Steven Obermeir of the United States Geological Survey is one of several scientists who have found sediments suggesting Wabash Valley Fault earthquakes around magnitude 7 on the Richter scale. Michael Wyssession, an associate professor of earth and planetary sciences, denigrated the Madrid fault zone and said, "in 20 years there have been three magnitude 5 or better earthquakes on the Wabash Valley Fault. There is evidence that sometime in the past, the Wabash Valley Fault has produced as strong as magnitude 7 earthquakes. On the other hand, the New Madrid Fault has been very quiet for a long time now. Clearly, the Wabash Valley Fault has gotten our deserved attention."


1968 Illinois elections
Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 5, 1968.


1968 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout
In the primary, turnout was 28.84% with 1,573,173 ballots cast (833,498 Democrat and 739,675 Republican).


1968 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout
In the general election, turnout was 82.91% with 4,705,852 ballots cast.


1968 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States President
Illinois voted for the Republican ticket of Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew.


1968 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States Senate
Incumbent Senator Everett M. Dirksen, a Republican, won reelection to a fourth term.


1968 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
All 24 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1968.


1968 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
No seats switched parties, leaving the Illinois House delegation to continue to consist of 12 Democrats and 12 Republicans.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Governor
Incumbent Democratic Governor Samuel H. Shapiro, lost reelection to Republican Richard B. Ogilvie.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor
Democrat Paul Simon won election to serve as lieutenant governor.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor
This was the only time in Illinois history that the state had the elected a governor and  a lieutenant governor from different political parties (there were, however, instances in Illinois where an appointed lieutenant governor had been of a different political party than the governor).


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor
Due to changes implemented by the passage of the 1970 Constitution of Illinois, in all subsequent elections, gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial candidates have been jointly elected on a ticket. Therefore, this was the last Illinois election held for the sole purpose of electing a lieutenant governor.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General
Incumbent Attorney General William G. Clark, a Democrat, did not seek a third term. Republican William J. Scott was elected to succeed him.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State
Incumbent Secretary of State Paul Powell, a Democrat, was reelected to a second term.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Auditor of Public Accounts
Incumbent Auditor of Public Accounts Michael Howlett, a Democrat, was reelected to a third term.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court
The Clerk of the Supreme Court was Cleli Woods, who took office after the death in office of Fae Searcy earlier in 1968.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court
The 1970 Constitution of Illinois made it so that the office would become an appointive office by 1975, thus rendering the 1968 election the last instance in which an election was held for this office.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court, Republican primary
Incumbent Clerk of the Supreme Court Fae Searcy died in office on March 25, 1968. However, she had already filed to be on the ballot before her death. Instead of being listed by her own name, Fae Searcy opted to be listed on the ballot as "Ms. Earle Benjamin Searcy". Searcy remained on the ballot, and received 32% of the vote, despite being dead. However, Justin Taft outperformed her, with 45.01% of the vote, winning the nomination.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate
Seats of the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1968. Republicans retained control of the chamber.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives
Seats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1968. Republicans retained control of the chamber.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
An election using cumulative voting was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois system.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
The election saw the reelection of incumbent incumbent third-term Republican Timothy W. Swain and incumbent second-term Republican member Earl M. Hughes and the election of new Republican member Russell W. "Ruck" Steger.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
Incumbent Democrat Kenney E. Williamson (appointed in 1967 after the death in office of Wayne A. Johnston) lost reelection.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections
Judicial elections were held, including two elections to fill vacancies on the Illinois Appellate Court.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures
Three ballot measures were up for election in 1968, a legislatively referred state statute, a bond measure, and a call for a constitutional convention.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures
In order to be approved, legislatively referred state statues required the support of a majority of those voting on the statute. Bond measures needed a vote equal to majority of the votes cast for whichever chamber of the Illinois General Assembly had the highest cumulative vote count. A call for a constitutional convention required votes equal to a majority of the all ballots cast in the general election.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Illinois Banking Act
Illinois Banking Act was approved by voters as a legislatively referred state statue. It enabled Illinois state banks to have foreign branches.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Illinois Natural Resources Development Bond Act
Illinois Natural Resources Development Bond Act, a legislatively referred bond question, failed to pass. It proposed a $1 billion bond act for the development of natural resources.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Illinois Natural Resources Development Bond Act
Bond measures needed a vote equal to majority of the votes cast for whichever chamber of the Illinois General Assembly had the highest cumulative vote count. In this election, the highest turnout for a chamber's elections was 4,268,956, so the needed vote total for the measure to have pass would have been 2,134,479.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Proposed call for a Constitutional Convention
In 1968, voters were presented with a referendum on whether or not to call a constitutional convention. This was the first such vote held in the State of Illinois since 1934. The chief sponsor of the legislation which created this ballot measure was Senate Republican leader W. Russell Arrington. Democratic Governor Otto Kerner Jr. was supportive of holding a constitutional convention.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Proposed call for a Constitutional Convention
The call for the constitutional required the votes of an equal majority of all ballots cast in the 1968 general elections.


1968 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Proposed call for a Constitutional Convention
A constitutional convention was subsequently held, and the resulting Constitution of Illinois approved by Illinois voters in a 1970 special election.


1968 Illinois gubernatorial election
The 1968 Illinois gubernatorial election was held in Illinois on November 5, 1968. The Democratic nominee, incumbent Governor Samuel H. Shapiro, lost reelection to the Republican candidate, Richard B. Ogilvie.


1968 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information
The election coincided with those for federal offices (United States President, Senate, and House) and those for other state offices. The election was part of the 1968 Illinois elections.


1968 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout
In the primary, turnout was 24.44% with 1,332,832 votes cast.


1968 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout
In the general election, turnout was 79.39% with 4,506,000 votes cast.


1968 Illinois gubernatorial election, Republican Primary
Ogilvie won the nomination against 1964 lieutenant governor candidate John Henry Altorfer, former Governor William G. Stratton, and S. Thomas Sutton.


1968 Illinois gubernatorial election, General election
Ogilive won 83 of the state's 102 counties. However, among the 19 counties Shapiro won was the state's most populous, Cook County.


1968 Inangahua earthquake
The 1968 Inangahua earthquake struck 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Murchison, New Zealand, near the small town of Inangahua Junction at 5:24 am NZDT on 24 May 1968. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 7.1, a local magnitude of 6.7, a surface wave magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Very Destructive). It occurred at a depth of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), being extremely shallow for an earthquake of its size. It resulted in the deaths of three people, with a further 14 people injured, making it the fifth deadliest earthquake in New Zealand's recorded history (tied with the 1848 Marlborough earthquake). Numerous aftershocks followed the quake, including 15 that were magnitude 5 or greater and occurred within a month.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Tectonic setting
New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. In the South Island most of the relative displacement between these plates is taken up along a single dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault with a major reverse component, the Alpine Fault. The 1968 Inangahua earthquake occurred along the Northern section of the Alpine Fault, and was considered quite average for what the fault can produce.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Damage
The earthquake ruined many years of expensive work improving State Highway 6 in the Inangahua and Buller Gorge areas. In a section of 50 kilometres (31 mi), the road through Buller Gorge was blocked in more than 50 places, either buried under landslides or where the road itself had collapsed into the gorge. The earthquake also damaged or destroyed more than 50 bridges. It also derailed two goods trains, and over 100 kilometres (62 mi) of damaged railway track had to be replaced.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Damage
All roads in and out of Inangahua were blocked by landslides. The electricity and phone networks were out, and many water pipes in Inangahua were damaged beyond repair.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Damage
Other West Coast towns were heavily shaken; more than two-thirds of the chimneys in Greymouth, Westport, and Reefton were damaged.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Damage, Casualties
At Whitecliffs, a limestone bluff collapsed onto a farmhouse owned by Mr F.J. Jackson and pushed it downhill, killing Mrs Jackson instantly and fatally injuring her visiting mother, Mrs F.E. Blackmore of Christchurch. Shortly after the earthquake, one man died near Greymouth when his car hit a subsided section of road on the run-up to a bridge. An additional three men were killed on 29 May when a Bell 47G-2A helicopter, piloted by Gordon Hutchings, carrying two Post Office linesmen, Robert Pedder and Edwin Steer, from Murchison to Lyell, hit power lines and crashed shortly after take-off.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Damage, Landslides
The earthquake and its many aftershocks triggered numerous landslides in the surrounding mountains. A huge landslide dammed the Buller River upstream of Inangahua. The rising water backed up for 7 kilometres (4.3 mi), raising the river to 30 metres above its normal level. If the landslide dam had burst, the river would have flooded not only Inangahua, but the much larger town of Westport, located downstream at the river mouth. As a precaution, about 10,000 people were evacuated. The dammed river eventually overflowed the landslide debris and gradually eroded it down, without causing serious flooding.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Response
Shortly after the earthquake, a relief centre was set up in the Ministry of Works yard in Inangahua. People gathering there were concerned to hear that radio broadcasts only mentioned minor earthquake activity—the rest of New Zealand seemed unaware of what had happened to their town. The people of Inangahua remained alone in the disaster for several hours, until a driver managed to contact Gisborne on his truck radio. By noon, commercial and RNZAF Bell UH-1H helicopters were coming into the area with aid and to survey damage.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Response
Help was also needed in isolated areas. Four people, including a constable and a doctor carrying a pack of medical supplies, walked to Inangahua Junction from Reefton. There the doctor treated most patients outdoors because aftershocks were still jolting the area. Meanwhile, one group of about 50 people started walking from Inangahua towards Reefton, a walk of roughly 7 hours. The group of 50 made it safely to Reefton. RNZAF UH-1H helicopters and commercial helicopters began flying people to Rotokohu, where they could board buses to Reefton, helicopters checked all outlying farmhouses. In all, 235 people were airlifted out of Inangahua.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Aftermath
Inangahua never fully recovered. Many of the town's residents never went back to their homes, either staying in nearby towns such as Reefton, or deciding to move out of the area entirely. Damaged and collapsed buildings took months—in some cases, years—to be fully restored. The railway line was, however, fully restored, as it forms a key part of the Stillwater–Westport Line. After the earthquake, the area declined. People moved because they feared aftershocks. Employment decreased and school rolls dropped. Shops had fewer customers and more and more ‘Help Wanted' signs were seen in windows. The area later experienced an economic downfall.


1968 Inangahua earthquake, Aftermath
The quake had a strong effect on the local people. Children were upset and unsettled by the dramatic change in their lives. Many had to move to Reefton School for a period after the quake as the Inangahua School was damaged beyond repair. One school teacher reportedly got his students to draw pictures of their experience. One boy drew a broken house with rain falling on it. A caption read ‘After the earthquake it rained'. Rainfall made the recovery and rescue efforts of the town much more complicated. Many families in the area were left with nothing. They were given supplies by social services such as Red Cross, and in some cases came out of it much better off than when they went in.


1968 Indian Air Force An-12 crash
On 7 February 1968, an Antonov An-12 FOUR engine turboprop transport aircraft of the Indian Air Force piloted by Flight Lieutenant Harkewal Singh and Squadron Leader Pran Nath Malhotra, disappeared while flying to Leh Airport from Chandigarh. It was on approach to Leh when the pilot decided to turn back due to inclement weather, the aircraft then went missing with the last radio contact over the Rohtang pass. It was declared missing after the failure to find the wreck.


1968 Indian Air Force An-12 crash, Recovery
In 2003 members of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute who were trekking on the South Dakka Glacier came across the remains of a human body. The body was identified as Sepoy Beli Ram, a soldier of the Indian Army who was on the flight.


1968 Indian Air Force An-12 crash, Recovery
On 9 August 2007 an Indian Army expedition code named Operation Punaruthan-III, recovered three more bodies.


1968 Indian Air Force An-12 crash, Recovery
From 2003 till 2009 three search expeditions have been carried out with the recovery of four bodies. The crash location lies at a height of about 18,000 ft 0 in (5,486.40 m), at a gradient of 80 degrees.


1968 Indian Air Force An-12 crash, Recovery
On 21 July 2018 the Times of India reported that a mountaineering team at the Chandrabhaga-13 peak had found a body at the Dhaka glacier base camp. The team found wreckage of the plane along with the remains of a soldier on 11 July 2018. The team leader mentioned that the expedition was on a mission to clear up the trash left behind by climbers, and that it was organised by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation and the ONGC.


1968 Indian Air Force An-12 crash, Recovery
On 18 August 2019, after 13 days of search and recovery operation, a joint team of Indian army and Indian air force recovered several parts of the aircraft like the aero engine, fuselage, electric circuits, propeller, fuel tank unit, air brake assembly and a cockpit door.


1968 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
Rajya Sabha elections were held in 1968, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.


1968 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections
Elections were held in 1968 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.


1968 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected
The following members are elected in the elections held in 1968. They are members for the term 1968-74 and retire in year 1974, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.


1968 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections
The following bye elections were held in the year 1968.


1968 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1968 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1968 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Seventeenth Street Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by John Pont, in his fourth year as head coach of the Hoosiers.


1968 Indiana State Sycamores football team
The 1968 Indiana State Sycamores football team represented Indiana State University in the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. It was the third season of head coach Jerry Huntsman's tenure and his finest season as the head of the ISU program. It was the first nine-win season in the history of the program and remains only one of three such seasons. It is the winningest season in the history of the program with a .900 winning percentage. Future NFLer Jim Brumfield was a member of the squad as was future Indiana State University Hall of Famer Verbie Walder


1968 Indiana State Sycamores football team
It marked the first season since 1950 the Sycamores were not a member of a conference. A charter member of the Indiana Collegiate Conference; Indiana State resigned from the conference prior to the football season; in a bit of irony, the Sycamores would defeat every former conference foe; this after finishing 2nd in each of the previous two seasons.


1968 Indiana State Sycamores football team
Six Sycamores set school records during the season, Verbie Walder would set a school record for total offense (1,102 yards); Jim Brumfield, increased his career scoring record to 114 points, in addition to setting new records in rushing (single game) with 182 yards (vs. DePauw) and rushing (season) with 916. Dean Klink established a new school career rushing record at 1,496; he remains at #11 in school history. Steve Schmid established a new single season record for touchdown reception (8), it would be tied in 2015 (by Gary Ownes) and be broken by (Robert Tonyan) in 2016. Schmid also set new marks in career receptions (69) and receiving yards (814). Both records have since fallen.


1968 Indiana State Sycamores football team
On the defensive side of the field; Butch Penn set a new school record with a 95-yard interception return and Mike Russell intercepted nine passes on the season - exceeding the entire ISU team in 1967.


1968 Indiana State Sycamores football team
Two team records were also set; total points scored (274) and most interceptions (25). Head Coach Jerry Huntsman was named the NCAA District Coach of the Year.


1968 Indiana State Sycamores football team
Despite the team strong finish; the earlier loss to Akron, kept the Sycamores from a berth in the Grantland Rice Bowl. Ironically, Akron received the berth; largely on their win vs. the Sycamores.


1968 Indiana gubernatorial election
The 1968 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1968.


1968 Indiana gubernatorial election
Republican nominee Edgar Whitcomb defeated Democratic nominee Robert L. Rock with 52.72% of the vote.


1968 Indiana gubernatorial election, Nominations
Until 1976, all nominations for statewide office in Indiana were made by state conventions.


1968 Indianapolis 500
The 52nd International 500 Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Thursday May 30, 1968. For the second year in a row, one of Andy Granatelli's STP Turbine-powered machines was leading late in the race, but once again, it failed within sight of victory.


1968 Indianapolis 500
On lap 174, Lloyd Ruby's engine misfired allowing Joe Leonard to take the lead in the Lotus 56 Turbine. Leonard, however, suffered a flameout on the lap 191 restart, and rolled to a silent and shocking halt. Bobby Unser in the venerable piston-powered Offenhauser, inherited the lead, and despite gear linkage trouble, won the first of his three Indy 500 victories (1968, 1975, 1981).


1968 Indianapolis 500
This was the final Indianapolis 500 to feature a front-engined car in the starting field. Of the 33 cars, 32 were rear-engined machines (including three turbines). Jim Hurtubise's entry, which dropped out after only nine laps, was the last front-engine car to race in the 500. This was also the first 500 won by a turbocharged engine.


1968 Indianapolis 500
During the month, film crews were on hand to film various action shots and stock footage of the race proceedings to be used in the 1969 film Winning, starring Paul Newman.


1968 Indianapolis 500
With 9.25 inches (23.5 cm) of precipitation in the Indianapolis area in May, the 1968 race featured the wettest month on record for the Indy 500. Rain hampered practice and qualifying, but did not affect race day.


1968 Indianapolis 500
This was the most recent Indy 500 scheduled for Thursday; the Uniform Monday Holiday Act was implemented in 1971 and Memorial Day became a three-day weekend (Saturday–Monday) every year. A day previously avoided, Sunday became the scheduled race day beginning in 1974.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
Time trials was scheduled for four days, but for the first time under the current schedule format, qualifying was carried over into a fifth day. Most of Bump Day (May 26) was rained out, and the track closed due to darkness with the field not yet filled to 33 cars. A special session was held Monday in order to complete the field.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race schedule
* Includes days where trackactivity was significantlylimited due to rain


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials
The 1968 Indianapolis 500 was the second and ultimately the final year of participation by the controversial STP Granatelli Turbine machines. For 1968, the Pratt & Whitney turbine engine was installed in the Lotus 56 chassis, often known colloquially as the "Wedge Turbine," and sometimes affectionately as the "Doorstop." In a veiled effort to curtail the turbine's power output, USAC had imposed revised regulations regarding the maximum annulus inlet (reduced from 23.999 in² to 15.999 in²).


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials
Another rule change dictated that cars were required to conduct three mandatory pit stops, up from two that were required from 1965 to 1967.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials
Mike Spence was fatally injured after a crash in turn one on May 7. A tire broke off his Lotus "Wedge" Turbine and struck him in the head. He died of his injuries a few hours after the accident after being taken to the hospital. Spence's death came one month after Jim Clark's at Hockenheim; Clark was scheduled to drive one of the Lotus Wedge Turbines at Indy.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Pole Day Time trials – Saturday May 18
Graham Hill, the 1966 winner in the #70 STP Turbine, was first to qualify and set a new qualifying record. Later, his STP Lotus 56 teammate Joe Leonard in #60 won the pole position with a four-lap average speed of 171.559 mph (276.1 km/h).


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Second Day time trials – Sunday May 19
Rain kept cars off the track most of the day. Only two cars were able to make an attempt, and only one was run to completion. At 5:45 p.m., the track was finally opened for qualifications, and Jochen Rindt was the lone qualifier at 164.144 mph (264.2 km/h), while Denny Hulme waved off as the 6 o'clock gun went off.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Second Day time trials – Sunday May 19
At the conclusion of the first weekend of time trials, the field was filled to 16 cars.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Third Day time trials – Saturday May 25
Sixteen cars made a total of 24 attempts, and filled the field to 26 cars. High winds kept some cars off the track, and speeds were down from the previous weekend. Many cars waved off, and Mel Kenyon, at 165.191 mph (265.8 km/h), was the fastest of the day.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Third Day time trials – Saturday May 25
After qualifying, Ronnie Bucknum's car was disqualified for being twenty pounds (9 kg) underweight.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Fourth day time trials – Sunday May 26
With the field filled to 25 cars (eight spots open), rain kept the cars off the track until late in the day. The final scheduled day of time trials ("Bump Day") was almost a complete wash out. The traditional 6 o'clock closing time came and went, and the track was still wet. Track crews continued to work, and the track opened for practice at 6:55 p.m. After the mandatory 30-minute practice session, the track opened for time trials at 7:31 p.m.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Fourth day time trials – Sunday May 26
With overcast skies and darkness looming, three cars made attempts. Bill Puterbaugh and Bill Cheesbourg completed runs, while Bobby Johns spun on his second warm up lap. At that time, officials deemed the conditions unsafe due to darkness, and postponed the remainder of qualifying until Monday morning.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Time trials – Monday May 27
For the first time since 1952, time trials were pushed into a fifth day. Officials ruled that all 25 cars that were in the starting field at 6 p.m. Sunday (May 26) were "locked in" and could not be bumped. In addition, all cars that were in line to qualify Sunday evening at 7:54 p.m. were eligible to make one qualifying attempt on Monday. Only cars that qualified after 6 p.m. on Sunday evening were subject to bumping (including Puterbaugh and Cheesbourg).


1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Time trials – Monday May 27
Ronnie Bucknum was reinstated to the field when it was determined that during his inspection, the scale used to weight the car was defective. With Bucknum's car back in the field, only seven spots were now available.