1970 British Annapurna South Face expedition, Aftermath
It was a huge success because not only was the summit reached but it had been, for its time, the most difficult technical climb to the summit of a major world peak. In mountaineering circles the expedition was recognised as a paradigm shift in alpine-style climbing. The expedition was at the beginning of a trend away from taking the easiest route on a high Himalayan peak towards choosing a more direct and difficult route. For the first time in Britain a television audience had been able to watch the climb as it progressed.


1970 British Annapurna South Face expedition, Aftermath
At least once a week interviews with the climbers and film of the climb itself were shown on News at Ten and it was possible to show film from the summit only five days after it had been taken – the film was carried back to base camp, taken by runner to Pokhara and then from there to London by air. Afterwards a one-hour documentary was shown on Thames Television.


1970 British Annapurna South Face expedition, Aftermath
Bonington went on to lead further Himalayan expeditions – the Everest Southwest Face expedition of 1975 was a direct successor with Boysen and Thompson participating and where Haston was one of those reaching the summit. On this occasion Burke died when attempting the summit by himself. Whillans was invited on no more Bonington expeditions. Haston died skiing off piste on the Swiss Alps in 1977, and Estcourt was killed in 1978 on K2 on another Bonington expedition. By 1984 Pasang Kami owned the most lavish hotel in Kathmandu, built up from a yak shelter. It had a penthouse restaurant and was  even equipped with electric lighting.


1970 British Annapurna South Face expedition, Aftermath
On 8–9 October 2013, Ueli Steck climbed the South Face, solo and without rope or a support team, to reach Annapurna's summit, taking 28 hours in total over the climb from base camp and the descent.


1970 British Cohort Study
The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) is a continuing, multi-disciplinary longitudinal survey monitoring the development of babies born in the UK during the week of 5–11 April 1970.


1970 British Cohort Study, History
Since the start of the BCS70, eight full sets of data have been collected in 1970, 1975, 1980, 1986, 1996, 1999/2000, 2004/2005 and 2012. The following survey was planned for 2016/2017.


1970 British Cohort Study, History
The first wave in 1970, called the , was conducted by the  together with the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in order to collect information to compare with those of the National Child Development Study (NCDS). The following two sweeps in 1975 and 1980, when the study was known as the  (CHES), were carried out by the Department of Child Health at Bristol University. The 1986 survey was conducted by the  and called Youthscan which was then taken over for the following surveys by the Social Statistics Research Unit (SSRU), now known as the  (CLS). By 2016 there were 770 papers and books published about the 1970 British Cohort Study.


1970 British Cohort Study, History
The scope of the BCS70 has been broadened in the course of the different surveys. While the focus was on medical aspects at birth, factors such as physical, educational, social and economic development were subsequently taken into account.


1970 British Cohort Study, History
Members of the 1970 birth cohort study created a Facebook page for themselves.


1970 British Cohort Study, Methodology and scope
The primary method of data collection consists of face-to-face interviews (with the parents), self-completion questionnaires and psychological and educational measurements. The sample size included 17,287 babies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland born in 1970.


1970 British Cohort Study, Survey results
The findings from the BCS70 have generated over 770 publications, a list of which can be found . One key publication which also includes data of other British Cohort Studies is


1970 British Cohort Study, Re-using the data
The data and additional study information are available on the website of the   2009-11-21 at the Wayback Machine (ESDS). Users will have to  in order to access the download section.


1970 British Commonwealth Games
The 1970 British Commonwealth Games (Scottish Gaelic: Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis Bhreatainn 1970) were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from 16 to 25 July 1970. This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted, the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in all events, and also the first time the games were held in Scotland. Also, these games saw the first unique Games trademark logo: an emblem showing the Games emblem intertwined with a St Andrews Cross and a thistle. They were followed by the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes.


1970 British Commonwealth Games, Host selection
In August 1966, the bid vote was held in Jamaica. Edinburgh, Scotland with 18 votes beat Christchurch, New Zealand with 11.


1970 British Commonwealth Games, Participating teams
42 teams were represented at the 1970 Games. (Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).


1970 British Commonwealth Games, History
In December of the following year, an appeal fund was launched, aiming to raise £200,000 towards the cost of running the games.


1970 British Grand Prix
The 1970 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Brands Hatch on 18 July 1970. It was race 7 of 13 in both the 1970 World Championship of Drivers and the 1970 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1970 British Grand Prix
The 80-lap race was won from pole position by Austrian driver Jochen Rindt, driving a Lotus 72. Rindt took his third consecutive victory after Australian Jack Brabham, driving a Brabham BT33, ran out of fuel at the last corner while leading comfortably, and after Rindt himself had originally been disqualified for having an illegal rear wing. Brabham held on to second place, scoring what would turn out to be his final points in Formula One, with New Zealander Denny Hulme finishing third for McLaren.


1970 British Grand Prix
This was the first Formula One race for Brazilian future World Champion Emerson Fittipaldi, who qualified 21st and finished eighth in an older Lotus 49. It was also the final F1 race for American Dan Gurney.


1970 British Hard Court Championships
The 1970 British Hard Court Championships, also known by its sponsored name Rothmans Open Hard Court Championships of Great Britain, was a combined men's and women's  tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the West Hants Tennis Club in Bournemouth in the United Kingdom. The men's events were part of the 1970 Pepsi-Cola Grand Prix circuit and categorized as Class 2. It was the 41st edition of the tournament and was held from 27 April to 2 May 1970. Mark Cox and Margaret Court won the singles titles. Cox won £2,000 first-prize money while Court, who successfully defended her 1969 title, received £1,000 for her singles win.


1970 British Hard Court Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Tom Okker /  Tony Roche defeated  William Bowrey /  Owen Davidson 2–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4


1970 British Hard Court Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Margaret Court /  Judy Tegart defeated  Rosie Casals /  Billie Jean King 6–2, 6–8, 7–5


1970 British Hard Court Championships, Finals, Mixed doubles
Billie Jean King /  Bob Hewitt defeated  Virginia Wade /  Bob Maud 6–2, 6–2


1970 British League Division Two season
The 1970 British League Division Two season was the third season of second tier motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.


1970 British League Division Two season, Team changes
The league expanded from 16 to 17 teams in its third season. Plymouth Devils dropped out but two new teams had been created and joined the league, they were the Workington Comets and Peterborough Panthers. Before the season got underway the 1968 and 1969 champions Belle Vue Colts disbanded with most of their riders and the promotion team moving to Rochdale and becoming the Rochdale Hornets. Doncaster changed their nickname from Stallions to Dragons.


1970 British League Division Two season, Summary
Two teams changed venue during the season. In July, the Nelson Admirals moved Bradford to become Bradford Northern and in August, the King's Lynn Starlets promotion moved to Boston and became the Boston Barracudas.


1970 British League Division Two season, Summary
Canterbury Crusaders won their first title. New Zealander Graeme Smith averaged 10.49 for the Crusaders and was well backed up by Barry Crowson (9.17) and Barry Thomas (9.11). Another New Zealander Gary Peterson topped the averages riding initially for the Nelson Admirals and then Bradford Northern.


1970 British League Division Two season, British League Division Two Knockout Cup
The 1970 British League Division Two Knockout Cup was the third edition of the Knockout Cup for tier two teams. Ipswich Witches were the winners of the competition defeating Berwick Bandits in the final. The Bandits were surprise finalists given their final league placing which was second from bottom of the table.


1970 British League Division Two season, British League Division Two Knockout Cup, Final
Ipswich were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 82–74.


1970 British League season
The 1970 British League season was the 36th season of the top tier of speedway in the United Kingdom and the sixth season known as the British League.


1970 British League season, Summary
Wembley Lions under the promotion of Trevor Redmond and Bernard Cottrel entered the British league having bought the licence - and inherited the riders - from the Coatbridge Monarchs. It was the first time since 1956 that Wembley would compete in the league.


1970 British League season, Summary
Belle Vue Aces secured their first British League title. The Manchester team were once again led by the brilliant Ivan Mauger who would secure a third consecutive world champion title before the end of the season. He topped the averages with 11.18 as the team finished ten points ahead of their nearest rivals Wimbledon Dons. The Dons found some consolation when winning their third consecutive British League Knockout Cup.


1970 British League season, Final table
M = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points


1970 British League season, British League Knockout Cup
The 1970 Speedway Star British League Knockout Cup was the 32nd edition of the Knockout Cup for tier one teams. Wimbledon Dons were the winners for the third consecutive year. It was the first time that the competition was sponsored by the Speedway Star.


1970 British League season, British League Knockout Cup, Final, Second leg
Wimbledon Dons were declared Knockout Cup Champions, winning on aggregate 80-75.


1970 British Saloon Car Championship
The 1970 British Saloon Car Championship, was the 13th season of the series. This year saw the introduction of the new Group 2 regulations. Bill McGovern won his first title, driving a Sunbeam Imp.


1970 British Saloon Car Championship, Calendar & Winners
All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold.


1970 British Saloon Car Championship, Championship results
Note: Sources vary in listing McGovern’s car as a Hillman Imp or as a Sunbeam Imp.


1970 Brown Bears football team
The 1970 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. Brown tied for last in the Ivy League.


1970 Brown Bears football team
In their fourth season under head coach Len Jardine, the Bears compiled a 2–7 record and were outscored 217 to 112. G. Hart and B. O’Donnell were the team captains.


1970 Brown Bears football team
The Bears' 1–6 conference record tied for seventh in the Ivy League standings. They were outscored by Ivy opponents 196 to 85.


1970 Brown Bears football team
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.


1970 Brownlow Medal
The 1970 Brownlow Medal was the 43rd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Peter Bedford of the South Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-five votes during the 1970 VFL season.


1970 Buckeye Tennis Championships
The 1970 Buckeye Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the newly created 3,200 seat Buckeye Boys Ranch Stadium in Grove City, Columbus, Ohio in the United States. It was an independent, invitational tournament i.e. not part of the 1970 Grand Prix circuit but it was sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA). It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held  from August 14 through August 16, 1970. Bob Lutz won the singles title and earned $4,000 first-prize money.


1970 Buckeye Tennis Championships, Finals, Doubles
Bob Lutz /  Stan Smith defeated  Tom Gorman /  Ray Ruffels 6–2, 8–6


1970 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1970 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season.


1970 Bucknell Bison football team
In their second year under head coach Fred Prender, the Bison compiled a 4–6 record. Gene Depew and Don Giacomelli were the team captains.


1970 Bucknell Bison football team
Following the decision by the Middle Atlantic Conference to end football competition in its University Division, the Bison competed as a football independent in 1970, though five of the former league rivals (Bucknell, Delaware, Gettysburg, Lafayette and Lehigh) continued to play an informal round-robin called the "Middle Five".


1970 Bucknell Bison football team
Bucknell also played Temple, another matchup that had been a divisional game in 1969. The two MAC teams had met annually since 1927, competing for a rivalry trophy known as "The Old Shoe". This year saw their last meeting for nearly 50 years.


1970 Bucknell Bison football team
Bucknell played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1970 Buffalo Bills season
The 1970 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 1st season in the National Football League, and the 11th overall. The team looked to improve on its 4–10 record from 1969 and make the playoffs for the first time since 1966. However, the Bills started out on the wrong foot, losing 4 of its first 5 games. After winning 2 straight road games against the Patriots and Jets and suffering a blowout loss to the Cincinnati Bengals, the Bills and Colts played to a 17-17 draw in week 9, Buffalo's first tie since 1968.


1970 Buffalo Bills season
The Bills would then lose 5 straight to end the season and finish the season 3-10-1, in fourth place in the AFC East. Their week 5 game against the Miami Dolphins would start a stage of futility in which the Bills would lose 20 straight games to the Dolphins. The Bills would not beat the Dolphins at any point during the 70s and would not beat Miami again until 1980. This would become known as "The Streak".


1970 Buffalo Bills season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1970 Buffalo Bulls football team
The 1970 Buffalo Bulls football team represented the University at Buffalo in the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulls offense scored 133 points while the defense allowed 299 points.


1970 Bulgarian Cup Final
The 1970 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 30th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Levski Sofia and CSKA Sofia on 25 August 1970 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Levski won the final 2–1.


1970 CFL Draft
The 1970 CFL Draft took place on Wednesday, February 11, 1970. Seventy-six players were selected from among 243 eligible players from Canadian universities and colleges. Canadian-born players who played at American colleges, such as Jim Corrigall of Kent State and Zenon Andrusyshyn of UCLA, were subject to the CFL's territorial rights rules and were ineligible for the College Draft.


1970 CFL Draft
The respective General Managers made the selections for all teams except the Toronto Argonauts, for whom Head Coach Leo Cahill made the picks. Cahill stumbled in Round Five, attempting to select end Carl Lindros from the University of Western Ontario with the 43rd over-all selection. However, Lindros already had been claimed earlier in this Draft, by Edmonton in Round Four, 30th over-all. This was perhaps the first brush with sporting controversy for Lindros, who later would serve as the agent for his son, hockey player Eric.


1970 CFL Draft
First-year Ottawa GM Frank Clair added some levity in Round Eight, asking if Ron Clarke had been chosen yet. CFL Chairman Greg Fulton responded, "As a matter of fact, yes. You took him on the previous round."


1970 CFL season
The 1970 Canadian Football League season is considered to be the 17th season in modern-day Canadian football, although it is officially the 13th Canadian Football League season.


1970 CFL season, CFL news in 1970
3M Tartan Turf was installed at Vancouver's Empire Stadium, making it the first CFL venue to have artificial turf. The first sod was preserved and sent to Hamilton to be used as part of the future Canadian Football Hall of Fame building. The first CFL All-Star Game was held since 1958. The Montreal Alouettes are sold to former Ottawa Rough Rider owner Sam Berger, who changes their colours to green, white and red, and it is the beginning of a great dynasty in Montreal.


1970 CFL season, Regular season standings, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1970 CFL season, Playoff bracket, Grey Cup Championship
58th Annual Grey Cup Game: Exhibition Stadium – Toronto, Ontario


1970 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The 1970 CONCACAF Champions' Cup was the 6th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean), the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. It determined that year's club champion of association football in the CONCACAF region.


1970 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
It was played from 26 April till 5 June 1970 under the home/away match system. The teams were split into 3 zones (North American, Central American and Caribbean), each one qualifying the winner to the final tournament; the semi-finals and final were scratched and Cruz Azul were declared CONCACAF Champions after Deportivo Saprissa and  SV Transvaal withdrew.


1970 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
Cruz Azul from Mexico won the competition, becoming CONCACAF champion for the second time in its history.


1970 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, Semi-finals
As no final was held due to Deportivo Saprissa and Transvaal withdrew, Cruz Azul were declared CONCACAF Champions.


1970 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1970 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season.


1970 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Cal State Fullerton joined the CCAA in 1970 and there would be no more changes to conference membership until 1974.


1970 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The team was led by third-year head coach Joe Harper and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season as CCAA champion, with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2, 3–0 CCAA). This was the second of five consecutive CCAA championships for the Mustangs.


1970 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team
The 1970 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team represented California State Polytechnic College, Kellogg-Voorhis during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season.


1970 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team
Cal Poly Pomona competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Cal Poly Pomona was led by second-year head coach Roy Anderson. They played home games at Kellogg Field in Pomona, California. The Broncos finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5–5, 1–3 CCAA). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 162–245 for the season.


1970 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal Poly Pomona players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team
The 1970 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team represented California State College at Fullerton during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. This was the Titans first year fielding a collegiate football team.


1970 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team
Cal State Fullerton competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Dick Coury. The Titans played home games at Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins, four losses and one tie (6–4–1, 3–1 CCAA).


1970 Cal State Fullerton Titans football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal State Fullerton Titans were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team
The 1970 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team represented California State College at Hayward in the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. Cal State Hayward competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1970 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team
The Pioneers were led by head coach Les Davis in his fifth and last year at the school. They played home games at Pioneer Stadium in Hayward, California. The Pioneers finished the season as co-champion of the FWC, with a record of seven wins and four losses (7–4, 4–1 FWC). They outscored their opponents 382–187 for the 1970 season.


1970 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team
In five years under coach Davis, the Pioneers won the conference title once (1969), shared the conference title once (1970) and finished with an overall record of 30–20–1, a .598 winning percentage. Of the four coaches Cal State Hayward football had in its 29 years of existence, Davis is the only one who won a conference title and who finished with a winning record.


1970 Cal State Hayward Pioneers football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal State Hayward Pioneers players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 Cal State Los Angeles Diablos football team
The 1970 Cal State Los Angeles Diablos football team represented California State University, Los Angeles during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season.


1970 Cal State Los Angeles Diablos football team
The Diablos competed in the Pacific Coast Athletic Association. The team was led by Ron Enger in his first, and only year as head coach. After having used the Rose Bowl as their home stadium for seven years, the Diablos moved to East L.A. College Stadium in Monterey Park, California for home games in 1970. The team finished the season with a record of one win and nine losses (1–9, 0–4 CCAA). The Diablos were shutout three times, and scored only 54 points for the season while giving up 325.


1970 Cal State Los Angeles Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal State Los Angeles players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 Calabrian regional election
The Calabrian regional election of 1970 took place on 7–8 June 1970.


1970 Calabrian regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party and Christian Democrat Antonio Guarasci formed a government with the support of the Italian Socialist Party and the other minor centre-left parties (organic Centre-left). Guarasci was replaced by Aldo Ferrara in 1974.


1970 Calgary Stampeders season
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by GoodDay (talk | contribs) at 17:29, 25 November 2019. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1970 Calgary Stampeders season
The 1970 Calgary Stampeders finished in 3rd place in the Western Conference with a 9–7 record. They appeared in the Grey Cup where they lost to the Montreal Alouettes.


1970 Calgary Stampeders season, Playoffs, Grey Cup
58th Annual Grey Cup Game: Exhibition Stadium – Toronto, Ontario


1970 California Angels season
The 1970 California Angels season involved the Angels finishing third in the American League West with a record of 86 wins and 76 losses.


1970 California Angels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 California Angels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 California Angels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 California Angels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 California Angels season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 California Attorney General election
The 1970 California Attorney General election was held on November 3, 1970. Republican nominee Evelle J. Younger defeated Democratic nominee Charles A. O'Brien with 49.28% of the vote.


1970 California Golden Bears football team
The 1970 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In their seventh year under head coach Ray Willsey, the Golden Bears compiled a 6–5 record (4–3 against Pac-8 opponents), finished in a tie for second place in the Pac-8, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 272 to 249.


1970 California Golden Bears football team
At home for the Big Game, Cal defeated #11 Stanford 22–14, the Pac-8 champion led by Heisman Trophy winner Jim Plunkett. On New Year's Day, Stanford upset undefeated Ohio State in the Rose Bowl and quarterback Plunkett was the first pick in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 California Golden Bears football team
California's statistical leaders included Dave Penhall with 1,785 passing yards, Stan Murphy with 603 rushing yards, and Steve Sweeney with 679 receiving yards.


1970 California Secretary of State election
The 1970 California Secretary of State election was held on November 3, 1970. Democratic nominee Jerry Brown narrowly defeated Republican nominee James L. Flournoy with 50.41% of the vote.


1970 California gubernatorial election
The 1970 California gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970. The incumbent Governor, Republican Ronald Reagan, won re-election over Democrat and Speaker of the Assembly Jesse "Big Daddy" Unruh.


1970 California lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1970 California lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Republican Edwin Reinecke defeated Democratic nominee Al Alquist with 54.79% of the vote.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état
The 1970 Cambodian coup d'état (Khmer: រដ្ឋប្រហារឆ្នាំ ១៩៧០, French: Coup d'État de 1970) was the removal of the Cambodian Chief of State, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, after a vote in the National Assembly on 18 March 1970. Emergency powers were subsequently invoked by the Prime Minister Lon Nol, who became effective head of state, and led ultimately to the removal of Queen Sisowath Kossamak and the proclamation of the Khmer Republic later that year. It is generally seen as a turning point in the Cambodian Civil War. No longer a monarchy, Cambodia was semi-officially called "État du Cambodge" (State of Cambodia) in the intervening six months after the coup, until the republic was proclaimed.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état
It also marked the point at which Cambodia became substantially involved in the Vietnam War, as Lon Nol issued an ultimatum to North Vietnamese forces to leave Cambodia.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Background
Since independence from France in 1954, Cambodia had been led by Prince Norodom Sihanouk, whose Sangkum political movement had retained power after winning the 1955 parliamentary election. Following King Norodom Suramarit's death in 1960, Sihanouk had forced the National Assembly to approve a constitutional amendment that made him Chief of State with no fixed term of office, while Queen Sisowath Kossamak remained a mere ceremonial figure.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Background
He had retained domestic power through a combination of political manipulation, intimidation, patronage, and careful balancing of left- and right-wing elements within his government; whilst placating the right with nationalist rhetoric, he appropriated much of the language of socialism to marginalize the Cambodian communist movement, whom he called the Khmers rouges ("Red Khmers").


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Background
With the Second Indochina War escalating, Sihanouk's balancing act between left and right became harder to maintain. Cross-border smuggling of rice also began to have a serious effect on the Cambodian economy. In the Cambodian elections of 1966, the usual Sangkum policy of having one candidate in each electoral district was abandoned; there was a huge swing to the right, especially as left-wing deputies had to compete directly with members of the traditional elite, who were able to use their local influence. Although a few communists within the Sangkum – such as Hou Yuon and Khieu Samphan – chose to stand, most leftists were decisively defeated. Lon Nol, a rightist who had been a longstanding associate of Sihanouk, became Prime Minister.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Background
By 1969, Lon Nol and the rightists were growing increasingly frustrated with Sihanouk. Although the basis for this was partly economic, political considerations were also involved.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Background
In particular, the nationalist and anti-communist sensibilities of Lon Nol and his associates meant that Sihanouk's policy of semi-toleration of Viet Cong and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) activity within Cambodian borders was unacceptable; Sihanouk, during his swing to the left in 1963–66, had negotiated a secret arrangement with Hanoi whereby in return for the guaranteed purchase of rice at inflated prices, the port of Sihanoukville was opened for weapons shipments to the Viet Cong. As well as the rightist nationalists, the liberal modernising elements within the Sangkum, headed by In Tam, had also become increasingly alienated by Sihanouk's autocratic style.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Overthrow of Sihanouk
In March 1970, large-scale anti-Vietnamese demonstrations erupted in Phnom Penh while Sihanouk was touring Europe, the Soviet Union and China. Crowds attacked the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong embassies. Sihanouk initially gave a certain degree of support to the demonstrators; he hoped Moscow and Beijing would pressure North Vietnam to reduce its presence in Cambodia. Indeed, it has even been suggested (by William Shawcross and others) that Sihanouk and Lon Nol may have planned the first demonstrations to gain political leverage against Hanoi.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Overthrow of Sihanouk
The riots, however, escalated beyond the government's control – although this was likely done with a degree of encouragement from Lon Nol and Sirik Matak – and the embassy was sacked. Inside, a "contingency plan" was allegedly found for the communists to occupy Cambodia. On 12 March, Sirik Matak cancelled Sihanouk's trade agreement with North Vietnam; Lon Nol closed the port of Sihanoukville to the North Vietnamese and issued an impossible ultimatum to them: all PAVN and Viet Cong forces were to withdraw from Cambodian soil within 72 hours (on 15 March) or face military action. When, by the morning of 16 March, it was clear that this demand had not been met, some 30,000 youths gathered outside the National Assembly in Phnom Penh to protest against the Vietnamese presence.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Overthrow of Sihanouk
From this point, events were to move with increasing rapidity. On the same day, the Cambodian Secretary of State for Defence, Colonel Oum Mannorine (Sihanouk's brother-in-law), was scheduled to be questioned by the national legislature on allegations of corruption; the proceedings were adjourned to hear the demonstrators' resolutions. According to Sihanouk, Mannorine had received information that Lon Nol and Sirik Matak were about to precipitate a coup; a group of Mannorine's men, under the command of Phnom Penh's Chief of Police Major Buor Horl, attempted to arrest the plotters, but it was by then too late. Mannorine, and other key security personnel loyal to Sihanouk, were placed under arrest. After the Assembly adjourned for the day, Sihanouk's mother Queen Kossamak, at Sihanouk's request, summoned Lon Nol and Sirik Matak to the Royal Palace and asked them to end the demonstrations.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Overthrow of Sihanouk
It appears to have been sometime during 16 or 17 March that Sirik Matak finally swayed Lon Nol to remove Sihanouk from the government. Lon Nol, who until that point may have been merely hoping that Sihanouk would end his relations with North Vietnam, showed some reluctance to take action against the Head of State: to convince him, Sirik Matak allegedly played him a tape-recorded press conference from Paris, in which Sihanouk threatened to execute them both on his return to Phnom Penh. However, the Prime Minister remained uncertain, with the result that Sirik Matak, accompanied by three army officers, finally compelled a weeping Lon Nol to sign the necessary documents at gunpoint.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Overthrow of Sihanouk
The next day – 18 March – the army took up positions around the capital, and a debate was held within the National Assembly under In Tam's direction. One member of the Assembly (Kim Phon, later to be killed by pro-Sihanouk demonstrators in Kampong Cham) walked out of the proceedings in protest, though was not harmed at the time. The rest of the assembly voted unanimously to invoke Article 122 of the Cambodian constitution, which withdrew confidence in Sihanouk.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Overthrow of Sihanouk
Lon Nol took over the powers of the Head of State on an emergency basis, while the position itself was taken by the President of the General Assembly, Cheng Heng. In Tam was confirmed as President of the Sangkum. The removal of Sihanouk had, therefore, followed essentially constitutional forms rather than being a blatant military takeover. These events marked the foundation of the Khmer Republic.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Overthrow of Sihanouk
Queen Kossamak was forced to leave the royal palace by the new government and held in house arrest in a villa in the suburb before being allowed to join her son in Beijing in China for health reasons in 1973 and died there two years later.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, United States involvement
There is evidence that during 1969 Lon Nol approached the US military establishment to gauge military support for any action against Sihanouk. Lon Nol's appointee as deputy Prime Minister, Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak – a US-friendly nationalist and leader of the Cambodian business community – is thought to have suggested that Sihanouk should be assassinated, though Lon Nol rejected this plan as "criminal insanity".


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, United States involvement
Sihanouk himself thought that Sirik Matak (who he characterised as a jealous rival claimant to the Cambodian throne) backed by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and in contact with exiled Sihanouk opponent Son Ngoc Thanh, had suggested the coup plan to Lon Nol in  1969. CIA involvement in the coup plot remains unproven, and Henry Kissinger later claimed that events would take the US government by surprise, but it now seems likely that at least some U.S. military intelligence agents were involved.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Demonstrations against the coup
On 23 March, Sihanouk (via Beijing Radio) called for a general uprising against Lon Nol. Large-scale popular demonstrations calling for Sihanouk's return began in Kompong Cham, Takéo Province, and Kampot Province. The demonstrations in Kompong Cham became particularly violent, with two National Assembly deputies, Sos Saoun and Kim Phon, being killed by demonstrators on 26 March after driving to the town to negotiate. Lon Nol's brother, police official Lon Nil, was set upon in the nearby town of Tonle Bet by plantation workers and was also killed.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Demonstrations against the coup
The demonstrations were suppressed with extreme brutality by the Cambodian army; there were several hundred deaths and thousands of arrests. Some witnesses spoke of tanks being used against crowds of unarmed civilians.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Aftermath
Following the coup, North Vietnam forces invaded Cambodia in 1970 at the request of Khmer Rouge leader Nuon Chea. Thousands of Vietnamese were killed by Lon Nol's anti-communist forces and their bodies dumped in the Mekong River. Attacks against Vietnamese began after a demand by Lon Nol that all Vietnamese communists leave Cambodia. Phnom Penh's North Vietnamese embassy was ravaged by Cambodians.


1970 Cambodian coup d'état, Aftermath
Of the approximately 450,000 Vietnamese in Cambodia, 100,000 left the country and another 200,000 were forcibly repatriated to South Vietnam, reducing the estimated population of ethnic Vietnamese to 140,000 just five months after the coup. These events marked the start of the Cambodian Civil War, pitting Lon Nol's regime backed by US air power against the Khmer Rouge and North Vietnam. Lon Nol fled Cambodia in 1975 right before the Khmer Rouge's seizure of power.


1970 Cameroonian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Cameroon on 7 June 1970, the first since the country became a one-party state with the Cameroonian National Union (a merger of the Cameroonian Union of French Cameroon and the Kamerun National Democratic Party of Southern Cameroons) as the sole legal party in 1966. In each constituency the party put forward a list of candidates equal to the number of seats available, and ultimately won all 50 seats in the National Assembly with a 94.8% turnout.


1970 Cameroonian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Cameroon on 28 March 1970. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Cameroonian National Union as the sole legal party. Its leader, Ahmadou Ahidjo, was the only candidate in the election, and won unopposed. Voter turnout was 99.4%.


1970 Campania regional election
The Campania regional election of 1970 took place on 7–8 June 1970.


1970 Campania regional election, Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, gaining almost twice the share of vote of the Italian Communist Party, which came second. After the election, Christian Democrat Carlo Leone was elected President of the Region, but as soon as in 1971 he was replaced by fellow Christian Democrat Nicola Mancino. In 1972 Mancino was replaced by Alberto Servidio, to whom Vittorio Cascetta succeeded in 1973.


1970 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby
The 1970 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby  was won by the selection of Buenos Aires that beat in the final the selection of  Cordoba


1970 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals
'Buenos Aires R. Spagnol,  M. Walther,  A. Travaglini,  A. Rodríguez Jurado,  M. Pascual,  C. Martínez,  L. Gradin,  N. Carbone,  H. Silva (cap. ),  H. Miguens,  A. Anthony,  A. Otaño,  L. garcía Yáñez,  R. Handley,  R. Foster. Cuyo:  J. Castro,  C. Dora,  O. Terranova,  R. Tarquini,  M. Brandi,  C. Navesi,  L. Chacón,  J. Nasazzi,  E. Casale (cap. ),  J. Navesi,  C. Guiñazú,  R. Irañeta,  O. Bempo,  L. Ramos,  G. González.


1970 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals
Mar del Plata: L. Pieringheli,  D. Filippa,  C. Sosa,  E. Corpacho,  G. Beverino,  R. Caparelli,  R. Lerasrio,  J. C. Etchegaray,  R. Losada,  J. Giango,  E. Mayorano,  G. Isabella,  R. García,  R. Sepa,  A. Bibbo. Cordoba= L. Capell,  C. Antoraz,  J. Martínez,  J. Pianillo,  H. Espinosa,  M. Olmedo Arana,  J. Vera,  D. Torrecilla,  P. Demo,  H. Barrera,  R. Campra,  R. Pasaglia,  G. Ribeca,  H. Bianchi,  C. Abud.


1970 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Third place final
Cuyo J. Castro,  E. Gandía,  C. Lomazi,  O. Terranova,  M. Brandi,  C. Navesi,  E. Naviera,  J. Navesi,  E. Casale (cap. ),  Nasazzi,  E. Sánchez,  C. Guiñazú,  O. Bempo,  L. Ramos,  C. González. Mar del Plata: E. Feulliasier,  D. Filippa,  C. Sosa,  E. Corbacho,  G. Beverino,  R. Erario,  R. Caparelli,  J. c. Etchegaray,  R. Losada,  J. Gialongo,  R. García,  E. Mayorano,  L. Franul,  J. Alsina,  G. Isabella.


1970 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final
Buonos Aires: R. Spagnol,  M. Walther,  A. Rodríguez Jurado,  A. Travaglini,  M. Pascual,  C. Martínez,  L. Gradin,  R. Loyola,  H. Silva (cap. ),  H. Miguens,  A. Anthony,  A. Otaño,  R. Foster,  R. Handley,  L. García Yáñez Cordoba:' L. Capell,  D. Torrecilla,  J. Martínez,  M. Pianillo,  C. Antoraz,  M. Olmedo Arana,  J. Vera,  R. Bylleved,  P. Demo,  H. Barrera,  R. Passaglia,  J. Campra,  G. Ribeca,  H. Bianchi,  C. Abud.


1970 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
The 1970 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (officially the 1970 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa) was the 14th edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. It began on September 20 and ended on December 20. Palmeiras came as the defending champion having won the 1969 season and Fluminense won the championship, the first in the history of the club.


1970 Campeonato Carioca
The 1970 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on June 27, 1970 and ended on September 20, 1970. It was organized by FCF (Federação Carioca de Futebol, or Carioca Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 13th time. no teams were relegated.


1970 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A
The 1970 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A, the first division of Ecuadorian football (soccer), was played by 13 teams. The champion was Barcelona.


1970 Campeonato Paulista
The 1970 Campeonato Paulista da Divisão Especial de Futebol Profissional, organized by the Federação Paulista de Futebol, was the 69th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. São Paulo won the title for the 9th time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was São Paulo's Toninho Guerreiro with 13 goals.


1970 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
In that year, a new format was introduced: a preliminary phase was to be disputed before the championship proper, in which the teams played against each other twice and the five best teams qualified into the main championship. That phase was to be disputed in the first semester of 1970, by all the teams except for the "big five": Corinthians, Palmeiras, Portuguesa, São Paulo and Santos, who received a direct bye into the championship proper.


1970 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
In the championship proper, each team played against the others twice, and the team with the most points won the title.


1970 Campeonato Paulista, Championship, Preliminary phase
At the end of the preliminary phase, Paulista, Ponte Preta and São Bento ended up tied in points and had to dispute a playoff to define the two teams that would qualify to the Main championship. Paulista played its matches first and lost both of them, making the third match between Ponte Preta and São Bento unnecessary.


1970 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia
The 1970 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, also known as the Palermo Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Palermo, Italy. It was the 22nd edition of the tournament and was held in April 1970. It was an independent event, i.e. not part of the 1970 Grand Prix or World Championship Tennis circuits. István Gulyás won the singles title.


1970 Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia, Finals, Doubles
Ilie Năstase /  Ion Țiriac defeated  John Clifton /  David Lloyd 17–15, 11–9, 6–1


1970 Can-Am season
The 1970 Canadian-American Challenge Cup was the fifth season of the Can-Am auto racing series. It consisted of FIA Group 7 racing cars running two-hour sprint events. It began June 14, 1970, and ended November 1, 1970, after ten rounds.


1970 Can-Am season
The 1970 season began only a few days after the death of defending champion Bruce McLaren. McLaren had been testing the new M8D for his Can-Am team when he was killed. Denny Hulme was joined by friend Dan Gurney in the second McLaren, but he was replaced by Peter Gethin following sponsorship conflicts. The team overcame the loss of their leader to win nine of ten races during the 1970 season.


1970 Can-Am season, Drivers Championship
Points are awarded to the top ten finishers in the order of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1. Only the best seven finishes out of ten rounds counted towards the championship. Points earned but not counting towards the championship are marked by parenthesis.


1970 Canada hurricane
The 1970 Canada hurricane was an unnamed tropical cyclone that brought impact to Bermuda and Newfoundland. The fourth hurricane and ninth tropical storm of the annual hurricane season, this system developed northeast of the Bahamas as a subtropical depression on October 12. While tracking northeastward, the system intensified, becoming a subtropical storm on the following day. The subtropical storm transitioned into a tropical cyclone on October 16, and strengthened into a hurricane about twelve hours later. The hurricane later bypassed Bermuda, before further intensifying into a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Thereafter, the hurricane accelerated rapidly northeastward, and made landfall on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland as a Category 1 hurricane. It transitioned into an extratropical cyclone early on October 17.


1970 Canada hurricane
The system produced tropical storm force winds on Bermuda, which caused the suspension of schools, transportation, and interrupted businesses, although minimal structural damage occurred. Light rainfall was also reported on the island. Hurricane force winds were observed throughout Newfoundland, which caused damage to structures, though mostly limited to broken windows. Rough seas damaged fishing dories and a fishing ramp on the Atlantic coast of the island. The cost of damage on the Burin Peninsula was estimated to be in the thousands of dollars, although the specific figure in unknown. Heavy rainfall was also reported in the region, with precipitation in Quebec reaching nearly 5 inches (130 mm). On the French Territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, several buildings and houses lost their roof due to strong winds.


1970 Canada hurricane, Meteorological history
On October 11, 1970, satellite images indicated that a tropical depression developed north of Hispaniola. However, according to post-analysis, a subtropical depression actually formed on October 12 at 1200 UTC. The depression slowly intensified over the next few days, and became a subtropical storm on October 12, thought this was operationally unnoticed by the National Hurricane Center. By October 13, satellite imagery indicated that convection associated with the depression merged with a weak stationary front. As a result, the National Hurricane Center no longer considered it purely tropical and classified the system as a "subtropic storm" on October 14. Later that day, the National Hurricane Center began issuing special bulletins for the storm, indicating the possibility of the system acquiring tropical characteristics.


1970 Canada hurricane, Meteorological history
Early on October 16, satellite imagery indicated that the storm was developing a cloud pattern typical of a normal tropical cyclone. In addition, Reconnaissance aircraft flight data indicated that a warm core was developing. As a result, the system had acquired enough characteristics to be considered a tropical cyclone at 0000 UTC on that day. Later that day, the storm strengthened enough to be upgraded to a hurricane at 1200 UTC. Six hours later, the system passed just west of Bermuda, although winds were well below hurricane force on the island.


1970 Canada hurricane, Meteorological history
Spiral cloud bands and an eye feature were observed on radars as the hurricane bypassed the island. The warm core persisted into October 17, which indicated that the hurricane was fully tropical for at least 30–36 hours. Early on October 17, the National Hurricane Center discontinued bulletins on the system, while it was located about 150 miles (240 km) northeast of Bermuda.


1970 Canada hurricane, Meteorological history
At 0600 UTC on October 17, the system intensified into a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Six hours later, the hurricane attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 974 mbar (28.8 inHg). Although a radio bulletin by the Naval Communications Station Washington, D.C. Transmitter (NSS) at 1200 UTC noted that it had hurricane characteristics, the National Hurricane Center did not name the storm.


1970 Canada hurricane, Meteorological history
By 1800 UTC, a cold front began impacting the circulation of the hurricane, which caused the storm to weaken back to a Category 1 hurricane, and began losing its tropical characteristics. At approximately 2330 UTC on October 17, the hurricane made landfall on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Only 30 minutes later, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnant extratropical cyclone curved abruptly northward and later re-emerged into the Atlantic, before dissipating on October 20.


1970 Canada hurricane, Impact
Late on October 16, the storm passed close to Bermuda as a minimal Category 1 hurricane, causing strong winds on the island. Maximum sustained winds of 48 mph (77 km/h) and gusts up to 58 mph (93 km/h) were recorded. At an elevated location, an anemometer reported sustained winds as high as 100 mph (155 km/h). Strong winds caused the suspension of school, transportation, and disruption to businesses across Bermuda. A riot started by the recurrence of vandalism and arson plagued the island for two weeks leading up to the storm. However, merchants and police were forced to ease their anti-riot efforts to board up their windows. In addition to high winds, the storm also produced light rainfall on the island of Bermuda, which peaked at 1.68 inches (43 mm).


1970 Canada hurricane, Impact
Shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone, the hurricane moved across the extreme southeastern portion of Newfoundland at Category 1 intensity. As a result, high winds were reported across the region; wind speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h) occurred on the Burin Peninsula. Wind damage occurred throughout the island, although mostly limited to broken windows, trees being uprooted, and fences knocked over. In addition, a house under construction blew over in Marystown; another house was abandoned in St. John's for the fear of the roof blowing off. Hydro poles also caught fire in Burin and Grand Banks.


1970 Canada hurricane, Impact
Rough seas caused by the storm sunk or damage several fishing dories in Grand Bank and three fishing premises were washed away in Lamaline. In addition, a fishing ramp was washed out to sea in Lourdes Cove. Damage in the Burin Peninsula alone totaled to thousands of dollars, although the exact figure is unknown.


1970 Canada hurricane, Impact
Heavy rainfall also occurred across much of the Atlantic Canada region, especially in areas well west of the path of the storm. The highest amount of precipitation from the storm was reported in Quebec, where rainfall peaked at 4.9 inches (120 mm) in the extreme eastern part of the province. Rainfall occurred further north into Labrador, with precipitation of at least 1 inch (25 mm) being reported as far north as Groswater Bay. Further south in the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, rainfall amounts did not exceed 4 inches (100 mm). No flooding was reported in Atlantic Canada. On the offshore French Territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, severe wind damage was also reported on Saint-Pierre. Several homes and a church lost its roof.


1970 Canadian Grand Prix
The 1970 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Mont-Tremblant on September 20, 1970. It was race 11 of 13 in both the 1970 World Championship of Drivers and the 1970 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 90-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Jacky Ickx after he started from second position. His teammate Clay Regazzoni finished second and March driver Chris Amon came in third. This race marked the debut of the Tyrrell Racing as a constructor. Stewart took pole position for the race in the first outing for the team. Tim Schenken finishing the race only 11 laps behind is the best a De Tomaso built car ever achieved.


1970 Canadian federal budget
The Canadian federal budget for fiscal year 1970-1971 was presented by Minister of Finance Edgar Benson in the House of Commons of Canada on 12 March 1970.


1970 Cannes Film Festival
The 23rd Cannes Film Festival ran from 3 to 18 May 1970. This year, Robert Favre LeBret, the founder of the festival, decided not to include any films from Russia and Japan (their flags were missing on the Croisette). He was tired of the "Slavic spectacles and Japanese samurai flicks.". The Russians took back their juror Sergei Obraztsov (head of Moscow puppet theater) and left the jury panel with only eight members.


1970 Cannes Film Festival
Nobel Prize for Literature winner Miguel Ángel Asturias was appointed as President of the Jury. At the time, he was serving as ambassador from Guatemala to France. The Palme d'Or went to the MASH by Robert Altman. The festival opened with Les Choses de la vie, directed by Claude Sautet and closed with Le Bal du Comte d'Orgel, directed by Marc Allégret.


1970 Cannes Film Festival, Jury
The following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1970 film competition:


1970 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, In competition - Feature film
The following feature films competed for the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film:


1970 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Films out of competition
The following films were selected to be screened out of competition:


1970 Cannes Film Festival, Official selection, Short film competition
The following short films competed for the Prix du Jury:


1970 Cannes Film Festival, Parallel sections, International Critics' Week
The following films were screened for the 9th International Critics' Week (9e Semaine de la Critique):


1970 Cannes Film Festival, Parallel sections, Directors' Fortnight
The following films were screened for the 1970 Directors' Fortnight (Quinzaine des Réalizateurs):


1970 Cannes Film Festival, Awards, Official awards
The following films and people received the 1970 Official selection awards:


1970 Cardiff City Council election
The 1970 Cardiff City Council election was held on Thursday 7 May 1970 to elect councillors to Cardiff City Council in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. It took place on the same day as many other local elections in Wales and England.


1970 Cardiff City Council election
The previous elections to this one were in May 1969 and the next elections would be in May 1971. These would be some of the last all-Cardiff elections before the dissolution of the unitary authority and the creation of the new second-tier district authority of Cardiff City Council in 1974.


1970 Cardiff City Council election
The election saw the Labour Party taking seats from the Conservatives.


1970 Cardiff City Council election, Background
Cardiff County Borough Council had been created in 1889. Cardiff became a city in 1905. Elections to the local authority were held annually, though not all council seats were included in each contest, because each of the three councillors in each ward stood down for election in rotation. The councillors elected in 1970 would be the last to serve a full three year term in office. Nineteen seats in 19 electoral wards were up for election in May 1970.


1970 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
The Labour Party recovered the position they had been in prior to the 1967 election, gaining three seats from the Conservatives. This was credited to the fact Labour's supporters had come out to vote, rather than staying home as they had done at the last election. The campaign against the new hook road in the north of the city was a factor. Two wards where Labour made gains, Cathays and Central, were directly affected. Bill Herbert, who won in the Central ward, was chairman of the Cardiff United Residents Association and a leading campaigner against the new road.


1970 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
The most prominent casualty of the election was Councillor Mary Hallinan, the Lady Mayoress, who lost her seat in the Central ward. The morning after the election, the Lord Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman Lincoln Hallinan, broke an 18 year tradition when he refused to welcome the three newly elected (Labour) councillors, Herbert, Matthewson and Edwards, in his parlour. He later agreed to meet them before the first council meeting the following week.


1970 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
Despite winning their first seat on the council in 1969, and fielding a large number of candidates at the 1970 election, Plaid Cymru performed poorly, though managed to come second in Llandaff.


1970 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result, Council composition
Following the May 1970 election the balance on the city council was 57 Conservatives, 18 Labour and one Plaid Cymru.


1970 Cardiff City Council election, Ward results, Grangetown
Bernard Matthewson, a former city councillor, won after a recount.


1970 Cardiff City Council election, Ward results, Penylan
This was claimed to be the first ever all-woman ward election in Cardiff.


1970 Caribbean Series
After nine years of absence, the thirteenth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was revived in 1970 without the representing baseball clubs of Cuba and Panama. It was held in Caracas, Venezuela from February 5 to February 10 at Estadio Universitario, featuring the original members of the first stage. Puerto Rico was represented by the Leones de Ponce, while the host Navegantes del Magallanes represented Venezuela. The Dominican Republic debuted in the Series and was represented by the Tigres del Licey to complete a three-team tournament. The format consisted of 12 games, with each team facing the other competitors three times. Because the series was so small, each team had to face each other in one night.


1970 Caribbean Series, Summary
For the first time, Venezuela captured the competition with a record of 7-1 behind strong pitching performances by Orlando Peña (2-0, 2.00 ERA in 18.0 innings pitched), Aurelio Monteagudo (2-0, one shutout, 16 SO, 0.00 in 12 2⁄3 IP), Jay Ritchie (one-hit, nine-SO shutout), and Larry Jaster (1-0, 3.30 ERA in 16 1⁄3 IP). With Carlos Pascual as manager, 1B Gonzalo Márquez was voted Most Valuable Player after leading Series hitters with a .478 batting average (11-for-25).


1970 Caribbean Series, Summary
Other contributions came from  2B Gustavo Gil (.387, four runs, seven RBI),  CF César Tovar (.349, five runs, three stolen bases), C Ray Fosse (.391, four runs), and 3B Dámaso Blanco (five runs, five RBI). Also in the roster were infielder Chico Ruiz, outfielder Jim Holt, and pitchers Don Eddy, Mike Hedlund and Luis Peñalver.


1970 Caribbean Series, Summary
The team of Puerto Rico, with Jim Fregosi at the helm, finished second with a 4-4 mark. The pitching staff was led by Wayne Simpson, who went 2-0 with a 1.12 ERA and two complete games, including a four-hit shutout. Also in the roster were pitchers Mike Cuellar, Paul Doyle and Clyde Wright; catcher Pat Corrales; infielders José Cruz (1B), Sandy Alomar Sr. (2B), Tony Pérez (3B) and Jackie Hernández (SS), and outfielders Julio Roque (LF), Luis Meléndez (CF) and Bernie Carbo (RF). Meléndez led the Puerto Rican offensive with one home run, six runs and six RBI.


1970 Caribbean Series, Summary
Dominican Republic, led by outfielder/manager Manny Mota, ended in last place with a 1-7 record. The team's only victory came behind a strong pitching effort from Reggie Cleveland, who threw nine innings of one-hit, one run ball against Puerto Rico. The team featured players as Matty Alou, Rico Carty, César Cedeño, Elvio Jiménez and Freddie Velázquez.


1970 Carmarthenshire County Council election
An election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held on 9 April 1970. It was preceded by the 1967 election and was the last election prior to the reorganization of local government in Wales. Carmarthenshire County Council was merged with Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire to form the new county of Dyfed and the first elections to the new authority were held in 1973.


1970 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result
59 councillors were elected. The final elections to the council before dissolution saw the Independents retain control of the authority. The Plaid Cymru advance which was apparent in 1967 was halted and most candidates made little impact.


1970 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Unopposed returns
As in 1967, these were fewer in number than at most post-war elections.


1970 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
Contests took place in the majority of wards, and Labour loast some further ground in the Llanelli area while at the same time winning back some seats lost three years previously. Labour also won two seats in Carmarthen town for the first time.


1970 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
In addition to the 59 councillors the council consisted of 19 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections, the majority of the aldermanic seats were taken by Labour.


1970 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen, Retiring aldermen
A number of retiring councillors stood down to allow retiring aldermen to be returned unopposed.


1970 Central American Championships in Athletics
The fifth Central American Championships in Athletics were held at the Estadio Mateo Flores in Guatemala City, Guatemala, between December 4-6, 1970.


1970 Central American Championships in Athletics, Medal summary
Some results and medal winners could be reconstructed from the archive of Costa Rican newspaper La Nación.


1970 Central American and Caribbean Games
The 11th Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Panama City, the capital of Panama from February 28 to March 13, 1970. These games featured 21 participating nations and a total number of 2,095 athletes.


1970 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 1970 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Roy Kramer, the Chippewas compiled a 7–3 record and outscored their opponents, 263 to 190. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Mick Brzezinski with 775 passing yards, tailback Jesse Lakes with 1,296 rushing yards, and Rick Groth with 451 receiving yards. Lakes received the team's most valuable player award for the first of two consecutive years.


1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background
SLFP leader Sirimavo Bandaranaike had come to the conclusion that her party's best hope of power was forming a permanent alliance with Ceylon's Marxist parties. She assembled the SLFP, the Trotskyist LSSP, and the Communists into the United Front coalition. The UF's platform was called the Common Programme; it featured extensive nationalization, a non-aligned foreign policy, expanded social programmes, and replacement of the British-imposed, monarchical Soulbury constitution with a republican constitution.


1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background
The UNP government of Dudley Senanayake had not made much headway with Ceylon's twin problems of inflation and unemployment, nor had it attempted solving the linked problems of feudal property relations and adverse terms of trade by agrarian reform and industrialisation. The UNP had become widely perceived as a party of the rich, out of touch with the concerns of ordinary people. The UF's socialist platform had much greater appeal.


1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Results
The UF (with 49% of the vote) won an overwhelming majority, despite the UNP's plurality of the popular vote, due to the member parties running in different constituencies. The Tamil majority constituencies voted mainly for the two Tamil parties, one of which (the All Ceylon Tamil Congress), later joined the UF.


1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Results
The 1970 election was the last held under the Soulbury constitution. The UF Government established the free, sovereign and independent Republic of Sri Lanka in 1972, breaking the last ties of colonialism.


1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Results
The British-owned plantations were nationalised and there was land reform - giving poor rural people land. Industrial democracy was instituted in the transport and manufacturing sectors. A National pharmaceuticals policy was established, allowing for affordable drugs. A new education policy was followed, aimed at making education more relevant.


1970 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Results
Increased protection led to growth in the manufacturing sector, particularly in textiles and garments, electronics and industrial machinery.


1970 Championship of Australia
The 1970 Championship of Australia was the 14th edition of the Championship of Australia, an ANFC-organised national club Australian rules football match between the champion clubs from the VFL and the SANFL.


1970 Championship of Australia, Match Details, Championship of Australia
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1970 Chatham Cup
The 1970 Chatham Cup was the 43rd annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1970 Chatham Cup
Early stages of the competition were run on a regional basis, however the structure of the competition was altered from previous years, largely due to the commencement of the New Zealand National Soccer League. Whereas in previous years qualification matches had been entirely run on a by-region basis culminating in two finals, one in each island, the draw from 1970 became more open, with regional qualifiers facing National League opposition in the final rounds.


1970 Chatham Cup
This led to several firsts for the competition, with Nelson United becoming the first South Island team to play a (pre-final) Chatham Cup match in the North Island, Western Suburbs FC becoming the first North Island team to play in Christchurch, and Stop Out being the first North Island team to play in Dunedin. Caversham was the only regional qualifier to make it as far as the semi-finals in the National League's first year, beating two league teams (Christchurch United and Stop Out) in the process.


1970 Chatham Cup
A further boost was given to the competition though Gillette, who became the Chatham Cup's first naming-rights sponsors. The competition was to be known as the Gillette Chatham Cup until 1974, when Lion Breweries took over sponsorship of the competition.


1970 Chatham Cup
In all, 105 teams took part in the competition, with the eight National League teams being joined with a further 67 North Island and 30 South Island teams. In the National League's inaugural season, Blockhouse Bay became the first team to win the league and cup double. Note: Different sources give different numberings for the rounds of the competition: some start round one with the beginning of the regional qualifications; others start numbering from the first national knock-out stage. The former numbering scheme is used in this article.


1970 Chatham Cup, The 1970 final
The final was the first all-North Island final, and was also the first final to require a replay. The replay was held in Auckland, making this first Chatham Cup final to be decided outside Wellington, and the first not to be decided at the Basin Reserve since 1927. The first match was memorable, and pitted favourites against underdogs. The two teams had both been in the first season of the national league, with Blockhouse Bay emerging as clear champions and Western Suburbs propping up the foot of the table with just one win from 14 league matches.


1970 Chatham Cup, The 1970 final
It was the underdogs who had the makings of the trophy, however, leading by two Wayne Huntley goals with only a handful of minutes remaining. Between the 83rd and 86th minutes, however, Colin Shaw hit the target twice for the Bay, the second of the goals coming from a penalty which had to be retaken. Bay dominated the two periods of extra time, yet it was Suburbs who came closest to gaining the upper hand, hitting the woodwork on two occasions. The old rule of counting corners to decide the outcome of a tie had been scrapped and the idea of a penalty shootout had not yet been introduced, so the match headed to a replay.


1970 Chatham Cup, The 1970 final
The rematch was a seesaw affair, with Bay leading twice only for Suburbs to equalise each time. With minutes remaining, Suburbs found what looked like the winning strike, but it was ruled out for offside. With seconds to go, it was Blockhouse Bay who finally tipped the scales. Goals in the match came from Clive Campbell, Ian Ormond and Colin Shaw for the Bay and Bruce Baker and Barry Humphreys for Suburbs.


1970 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1970 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. In their third year under head coach Harold Wilkes, the team compiled a 3–8 record.


1970 Chester Professional Tournament
The 1970 Chester Professional Tournament was an invitational non-ranking snooker tournament, which took place from 13–15 July 1969 at the Upton-By-Chester British Legion, Chester. Defending champion Jackie Rea won the tournament by defeating John Spencer 4–3 in the final.


1970 Chester Professional Tournament
The tournament was part of the City of Chester Sports Festival, which had a programme encompassing over twenty different sports. Snooker events were organised by the Chester & District League and were held at the Upton-By-Chester British Legion, with the snooker tournament featuring four players who competed, in a knockout format, from 13–15 July 1970.


1970 Chester Professional Tournament
In the semi-finals, defending champion Rea defeated John Dunning 4–3, and Spencer eliminated Pat Houlihan 5–2 after trailing 0–2. Rea won the first frame of the final, and, after Spencer had equalised at 1–1, moved into a 3–1 lead. In the fifth frame, Spencer missed potting an easy ball, and Rea went on to take the frame and achieve a winning margin in the match at 4–1. The last two frames of the match went to Spencer, who made breaks of 80 and 54, leaving the final score 4–3.


1970 Chester Professional Tournament, Final
Scores in bold indicate winning frame scores. Breaks over 40 are shown in parentheses.


1970 Chicago Bears season
The 1970 Chicago Bears season was their 51st regular season completed in the National Football League. The team finished with a 6–8 record, a significant improvement over the 1–13 record of the previous season, the worst in franchise history.


1970 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
As an experiment, the Bears hosted their first home game of the season at Northwestern University's Dyche Stadium in Evanston. The Bears' Wrigley Field landlord, the Chicago Cubs, were in a pennant race and might play in the National League Championship Series and World Series, and that Wrigley Field would be unavailable (at least for installation of temporary seating in right and center field) until well into October. (The Cubs were in contention in the National League East until the final week of the 1970 season, thus rendering the anticipation moot.)


1970 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
In addition, the NFL was pressuring the Bears to move out of Wrigley Field, because it had no lights and its seating capacity was under 50,000 (even with additional seating in right field for football games), stipulations of the AFL–NFL merger agreement. The Bears planned to move to Evanston for the 1971 season, but Evanston residents petitioned city officials to block the move, and the Big Ten Conference ultimately barred the Bears from using Dyche Stadium; the Bears moved to Chicago's Soldier Field.


1970 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1970 Chicago Cubs season
The 1970 Chicago Cubs season was the 99th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 95th in the National League and the 55th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished second in the National League East with a record of 84–78.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, March
With the trade of Gamble, who was the starting center fielder in late 1969, and Selma, who was the fourth starter in the starting pitching rotation, Manager Leo Durocher had decisions to make about who would play center, who would play right (Callison's natural position, but the Cubs already had a right fielder in Jim Hickman), and who would be the fourth starting pitcher. Durocher decided to make rookie Joe Decker the fourth starter, play Callison in right, and move Hickman to center. Because Hickman was an older, slower player, Durocher decided to spell him late in games with a faster, younger center fielder, Cleo James.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, March
Catcher Randy Hundley was injured in spring training, so the Cubs made a surprising trade in acquiring veteran catcher J.C. Martin from the New York Mets, the Cubs’ biggest rivals.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, April
Hundley missed only the season-opening road trip, but was back in the lineup when the team returned to Wrigley Field on April 14. On April 21, however, he suffered an even more serious injury at a play at the plate. Hundley would end up catching only 73 games for the Cubs. This was a serious blow to the Cubs’ season, as Durocher said Hundley "meant at least ten games in the standings."


1970 Chicago Cubs season, April
On April 23, the Cubs acquired pitcher Steve Barber, the first of many trades that year in which generally conservative Cubs’ management surprisingly got players who had gotten in trouble in other organizations if they thought they could help the Cubs.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, April
The Cubs had a great April, standing at 12–3 on April 27, a start so hot it would not be matched by any Cub team until 2020. The team finished the month in first place by 2-1/2 games.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, April
However, rowdy fans throwing garbage on the field and jumping onto it caused the Cubs to make rare mid-season changes to the dimensions of the ballpark by putting a chain-link basket around the top of the outfield walls to keep garbage and fans off the field, and mortaring concrete triangles on the top of the outfield walls so people could not walk on them.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, May
The highlight of May was future Hall-of-Fame first baseman Ernie Banks’ 500th home run on May 12. With Hundley out and Martin a low-batting average hitter, the Cubs acquired catcher Jack Hiatt that same day.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, May
May 29 saw the Cubs make another trade that ended up hurting the team when they traded relief pitcher Ted Abernathy to the St. Louis Cardinals for infielder Phil Gagliano. Abernathy would go on to the Kansas City Royals and become one of the top relief pitchers in the American League in 1970 and 1971. Gagliano would hit .150 for the Cubs and be traded before the season ended.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, May
The Cubs ended May in first place by two games over the Mets.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, June
A 12-game losing streak, which included losing five straight to the New York Mets in Wrigley Field, knocked the Cubs out of first place. That month also saw a controversy blow up in which Manager Durocher was withholding information from the media and the players, only to reveal it on his evening radio show on WIND-AM. Because of the distraction the show was causing, Durocher gave it up to concentrate on managing.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, June
With Cub bullpen closer Phil Regan faltering, the Cubs on June 23 acquired relief pitcher Roberto Rodriguez. Also on June 23, with Decker having won only one game, the Cubs acquired starting pitcher Milt Pappas to be their fourth starter. Pappas was another player who had had a reputation as a problem player with other clubs.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, June
The team ended the month in third place, 3-1/2 games behind.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, July
Needing a left handed reliever, the Cubs acquired Juan Pizarro, yet another player with a reputation for carousing. Hundley finally rejoined the team. On July 29, the Cubs made their biggest move of the year, acquiring Joe Pepitone from the Houston Astros. Pepitone was a starter the rest of the way, usually in center field, with Hickman moving to first base with Banks on the bench, or to right field with Callison on the bench. Pepitone became hugely popular among fans. The Cubs at the end of the month remained in third place, three games behind.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, August
August saw a rare three-team pennant race develop among the Cubs, Mets, and Pittsburgh Pirates. A stellar Cub road trip to the West Coast, ending with three victories against the San Diego Padres, ended the month with the Cubs in second place, only one game behind the Pirates.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, September
September saw the three teams engage in a classic, tight pennant race. Cub management opened their wallets in an all-out attempt to win it, acquiring relief pitchers Bob Miller and Hoyt Wilhelm and outfielder and former two-time National League batting champion Tommy Davis.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, September
On Sep 3, outfielder Billy Williams did not play after having played in 1,117 consecutive games, then a National League record.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, September
In a pivotal matchup between the Cubs and Pirates on Sep 13, the Cubs were down 2–1 with two outs in the ninth inning. A loss would have put them three games behind and out of the race, but Pirate center fielder Matty Alou dropped a fly ball that would have ended the game, and the Cubs ended up rallying to win.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, September
But in a season in which the Cubs were under .500 on the road, a 14-game road trip that ended the season resulted in enough losses that the Cubs finished second, five games behind the Pirates. The Cubs were only 14–14 for the month, and 4–6 in their last ten games. On the road trip, third baseman Ron Santo played despite having received several death threats.


1970 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Chicago White Sox season
The 1970 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 70th season in the American League, and its 71st overall. They finished with a 56–106 record, their third-worst in 114 seasons of Major League Baseball, and finished in last position in the American League West, 42 wins behind the first-place Minnesota Twins.


1970 Chicago White Sox season
This was their last season of 100 losses or more until 2018, when they reached the century mark on the final day of the season.


1970 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases


1970 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts


1970 Chicago White Sox season, Notes
The White Sox' only worse records have been 49 wins against 102 losses in 1932, and 51 wins against 101 losses in 1948.


1970 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1970 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1970 NCAA College Division football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1970. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.


1970 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1970 Wildcats were led by third-year head coach Pete Riehlman. Chico State finished the season as co-champion of the FWC, with a record of eight wins and three losses (8–3, 4–1 FWC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 334–189 for the season.


1970 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL
No Chico State players were selected in the 1971 NFL Draft.


1970 Chilean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Chile on 4 September 1970. Salvador Allende of the Popular Unity alliance won a narrow plurality in the public vote, before having his victory confirmed by a Congressional vote after the Christian Democrats voted in favour of his candidacy.


1970 Chilean presidential election
Eduardo Frei Montalva and his Christian Democratic Party would later unite with Allende's opponents to form a congressional majority in an attempt to declare his presidency illegal in August 1973, catalyzing the  military coup a few weeks later.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Electoral system
The election was held using the absolute majority system, under which a candidate had to receive over 50% of the popular vote to be elected. If no candidate received over 50% of the vote, both houses of the National Congress would come together to vote on the two candidates that received the most votes.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign
According to Sergio Riesenberg Alessandri's appearance on TV backfired and cost him the election. On the TV program Tres Bandas hosted by Gonzalo Bertrán there were two separate shots that showed him in bad light. In the first Alessandri said that he would be determined and that his "hands would not shake", subsequently the camera focused his hands that were actually shaking. In the second frame he was seen next to a stove warming his legs with a blanket despite being Spring. According to Riesenberg all this gave the public the impression of a man who was not longer "in an adequate age to become president".


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign
Both the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the KGB spent significant amounts of money to influence the outcome of the election.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign
The CIA did not provide direct assistance to any candidate, as they had during the 1964 elections, but rather focused on anti-Allende propaganda, and the 40 Committee approved $435,000 for that purpose. In fact that represented only about half the money spent by the CIA to influence the election; the Church Committee put the total amount at between $800,000 and $1 million. The money approved by the 40 Committee was used in a "scare campaign" of posters and pamphlets linking an Allende victory with the violence and repression associated with the Soviet Union.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign
Editorials and news stories reinforcing this message were also written with CIA guidance, especially in the newspaper El Mercurio, and disseminated throughout the national media. The goal was to contribute to and exploit the political polarization and financial panic of the period. Besides propaganda, the CIA also funded an attempt to splinter the Radical Party away from the Popular Unity coalition. This CIA campaign was very inefficient. CIA director Richard Helms complained that he was ordered by the White House to "beat somebody with nobody". Although the 40 Committee had decided not to support any candidate directly, the CIA did help US companies in funding candidates. In total, US businesses spend about $700,000; half of that sum was provided by the International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation (ITT).


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign
KGB money was more precisely targeted. Allende made a personal request for Soviet money through his personal contact, KGB officer Svyatoslav Kuznetsov, who  urgently came to Chile from Mexico City to help Allende. The original allocation of money for these elections through the KGB was $400,000, and an additional personal subsidy of $50,000 directly to Allende. It is believed that help from KGB was a decisive factor, because Allende won by a narrow margin of 39,000 votes of a total of the 3 million cast.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign
After the elections, the KGB director Yuri Andropov obtained permission for additional money and other resources from the Central Committee of the CPSU to ensure Allende victory in Congress. In his request on 24 October, he stated that KGB "will carry out measures designed to promote the consolidation of Allende's victory and his election to the post of President of the country".


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign
US president Richard Nixon was enraged by Allende's victory and the failure of the CIA's covert actions against him.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign, Congressional confirmation
As none of the candidates received an absolute majority of votes, the National Congress had to decide between the two candidates who had received the most votes, Allende and Alessandri. The precedent set on the three previous occasions this situation had arisen since 1932 was for Congress simply to choose the candidate with the highest number of votes; indeed, former President Alessandri had been elected in 1958 with 31.6% of the popular vote, defeating Allende.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign, Congressional confirmation
In this case, however, there was an active campaign against Allende's confirmation by Congress, including an intensification of the CIA propaganda campaign to create concerns about Chile's future. During this period the CIA generated over 726 articles, broadcasts and similar items. The CIA also encouraged international economic pressure against Chile during this period. The United States also began to lay the groundwork for a military coup in this stage, authorizing the Ambassador to Chile to encourage this outcome with his contacts in the Chilean military.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign, Congressional confirmation
Two days before the confirmation, Army Commander-in-Chief General René Schneider, was shot resisting a kidnap attempt by a group led by General Roberto Viaux. Hospitalized, he died of his wounds three days later. Viaux's kidnapping plan had been supported by the CIA. Schneider was a known defender of the "constitutionalist" doctrine that the army's role is exclusively professional, its mission being to protect the country's sovereignty and not to interfere in politics, and had expressed his deep opposition to organizing a coup d'état in case Salvador Allende was finally chosen by the National Congress as President. Schneider's death was viewed negatively by the public, and helped citizens and military support Allende, whom the National Congress finally chose on 24 October. On 26 October, President Eduardo Frei named General Carlos Prats as commander in chief of the army in replacement of René Schneider.


1970 Chilean presidential election, Campaign, Congressional confirmation
Allende's presidency was eventually ratified, after he agreed to sign a "Statute of Constitutional Guarantees", promising not to undermine the Chilean Constitution.


1970 Chisholm by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Chisholm on 19 September 1970. This was triggered by the death of Liberal Party MP Wilfrid Kent Hughes.


1970 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1970 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented University of Cincinnati during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The Bearcats, led by head coach Ray Callahan, participated as independent and played their home games at Nippert Stadium.


1970 Cincinnati Bengals season
The 1970 Cincinnati Bengals season was the franchise's 1st season in the National Football League, and the 3rd overall. The NFL-AFL merger took place before the season and the Bengals, who were placed in the same division as the "old-guard NFL" Cleveland Browns and Pittsburgh Steelers, were not expected to be playoff contenders. Nevertheless, the Bengals made their first NFL campaign a memorable one. After winning their first ever game as a member of the NFL, their inaugural game in the brand new Riverfront Stadium, they would lose six games in a row.


1970 Cincinnati Bengals season
After the 1–6 start, however, the Bengals would win the rest of their games, rallying to an 8–6 finish and champions of the newly formed AFC Central division qualifying for their first playoff appearance in franchise history. In their first playoff game, they lost, 17–0, to the eventual Super Bowl-champion Baltimore Colts. Cincinnati quarterback Greg Cook was forced to the Injured Reserve list in training camp with a shoulder injury that would ultimately end his career; Virgil Carter took over as the starter.


1970 Cincinnati Bengals season
In just their third season, the 1970 Bengals set a league mark by being the first NFL expansion team to qualify for the playoffs within their first three seasons of existence. The team is one of only four teams since the 1970 merger to start the season 1–5 or worse and qualify for the playoffs, the others being the 2015 Kansas City Chiefs, the 2018 Indianapolis Colts, and the 2020 Washington Football Team.


1970 Cincinnati Bengals season, Regular season
The Bengals set a league record for most points in a game scored by the special teams, with 31 in a 43–14 victory at Buffalo on November 8, 1970. Cornerback Lemar Parrish scored two special teams touchdowns: one on a 95-yard kickoff return, and another on an 83-yard return of a blocked field goal attempt. Parrish is the only Bengals player ever to score two touchdowns in a game on returns and/or recoveries — and he did it three times. Kicker Horst Muhlmann added 15 points on five field goals, and four extra points by Muhlmann completed the special teams onslaught. The offense scored only one touchdown, a one-yard run by running back Jess Phillips. The defense scored a touchdown on an eight-yard fumble return by defensive end Royce Berry.


1970 Cincinnati Bengals season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1970 Cincinnati Open
The 1970 Cincinnati Open (also known as the Western Tennis Championships for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Coney Island in Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States that was part of the 1970 Pepsi-Cola Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was held from July 20 through July 26, 1970. Ken Rosewall won the singles title.


1970 Cincinnati Open, Finals, Doubles
Ilie Năstase /  Ion Ţiriac defeated  Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan 6–3, 6–4


1970 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1970 Cincinnati Reds season consisted of the Reds winning the National League West title with a record of 102–60, 14½ games ahead of the runner-up Los Angeles Dodgers. The Reds defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in three straight games in the 1970 National League Championship Series to win their first National League pennant since 1961. The team then lost to the Baltimore Orioles in the 1970 World Series in five games.


1970 Cincinnati Reds season
The Reds were managed by first-year manager George "Sparky" Anderson and played their home games at Crosley Field during the first part of the year, before moving into the then-new Riverfront Stadium on June 30.


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Buoyed by a lineup that included third baseman Tony Pérez, NL MVP catcher Johnny Bench, right fielder Pete Rose, center fielder Bobby Tolan and first baseman Lee May, the Reds got off to a 70–30 start. The Reds, who had been near the bottom of the NL in pitching in 1969, were aided by a young staff that included 18-game winner Gary Nolan (22), rookies Wayne Simpson (21) and Don Gullett (19), 20-game winner Jim Merritt (26) and record-setting reliever Wayne Granger, who appeared in a then-record 90 games in 1969. Simpson, a hard-throwing former first-round draft pick, started the season 9–1 and earned an all-star berth. He was 14–3 before he suffered a season-ending arm injury with 30 games left.


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season, Riverfront Stadium
Riverfront Stadium was opened in 1970, and it was the home of the Cincinnati Reds National League baseball team and the Cincinnati Bengals National Football League team. Located on the Ohio River in downtown Cincinnati, the stadium was best known as the home of "The Big Red Machine", as the Reds were often called in the 1970s. Construction began on February 1, 1968, and was completed at a cost of less than $50 million. On June 30, 1970, the Reds hosted the Atlanta Braves in their grand opening, with Hank Aaron hitting the first ever home run at Riverfront. Two weeks later on July 14, Riverfront hosted the 1970 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. This game is most remembered for the often-replayed collision at home plate between the home-grown Pete Rose and catcher Ray Fosse of the Cleveland Indians.


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Postseason, 1970 World Series
After their win in the NLCS, additional injuries to Merritt and Granger caught up to the Reds against the Orioles. In three of their losses, the Reds had leads of 3–0, 4–0 and 3–0. The Reds' only win came in Game 4 on a Lee May 3-run home run in the eighth inning.


1970 Cincinnati Reds season, Postseason, 1970 World Series
1970 World Series (4–1): Baltimore Orioles (A.L.) over Cincinnati Reds (N.L.)


1970 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1970 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Hootie Ingram, the team compiled a 3–8 record (2–4 against conference opponents), tied for sixth place in the ACC, and was outscored by a total of 313 to 164. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.


1970 Clemson Tigers football team
B. B. Elvington, Jim Sursavage, and Ray Yauger were the team captains. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Tommy Kendrick with 1,407 passing yards, running back Ray Yauger with 711 rushing yards and 30 points scored (5 touchdowns), and John McMakin with 532 receiving yards.


1970 Clemson Tigers football team
Two Clemson players were selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1970 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team: offensive guard Dave Thompson and defensive back Don Kelley.


1970 Cleveland Browns season
The 1970 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 21st season with the National Football League. The Browns attempted to improve on its 10-3-1 record from 1969. The team would fail to do so, and they finished with an even 7-7 record and missed the postseason. This was the first season that the Browns would play the Cincinnati Bengals, their new arch-rival in the AFC Central. The 2 teams split their 2 meetings in the first season series.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary
The merger between the NFL and AFL was complete, with the leagues now playing each other in the regular season for the first time. This was the last step in a four-year process that began in January 1967 with the champions from both leagues playing in Super Bowl I.


1970 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary
To finish the merger, the Browns, along with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Baltimore Colts, agreed to move in 1970 from the NFL to the old AFL, renamed the AFC, to balance the leagues, now called conferences (NFC and AFC), at 13 clubs each. The merger had hit a stalemate when none of the NFL teams initially wanted to jump to what many of the old-line NFL people felt was an inferior league overall.