1968 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Time trials – Monday May 27
Though rain hampered the day, the qualifying was successfully completed on Monday. A frantic session saw two crashes (Bob Hurt and Rick Muther). Eighteen cars took to the track to fill the seven open spots. Both Puterbaugh and Cheesebourg were bumped, and Mike Mosley was the fastest of the day. Jim Hurtubise qualified his front-engined Mallard for 30th starting position. It would be the final front-engined car to qualify for the Indy 500.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, First half
At the drop of the green flag, Joe Leonard in the #60 STP Turbine took the lead, with Bobby Unser in second and Roger McCluskey up to third at the end of lap one. A fast pace was set over the first 100 miles, with no yellow caution lights. Bobby Unser took the lead for the first time on lap 8, and led most of the first half.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, First half
After only nine laps, Jim Hurtubise in the front-engined PepsiCo Frito-lay special had burned a piston, and was out, finishing 30th, the final front-engined "roadster" to race at lap at the 500. Also in the pits was Mario Andretti, who dropped out with a bad piston. Moments later, he hopped into the car of his teammate Larry Dickson, but that was also short-lived. That car also suffered a broken piston after 24 laps.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, First half
On lap 41, the caution flag flew for the first time. Al Unser, Sr. made a routine pit stop, but a fire broke out in the turbocharger. He was able to return to the race, but after only one lap, he lost a wheel and hit the wall in turn one. Arnie Knepper and Gary Bettenhausen were also involved. After 200 miles (320 km), defending champion A. J. Foyt was out with a blown engine.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, Second half
On lap 110, Graham Hill lost a wheel and smashed into the turn two wall, which brought out the second caution. It was the first of the three Granatelli Turbines to drop out of the race. On the restart, Bobby Unser took the lead, blowing by Joe Leonard, showing the traditional piston-powered engines were still a match for the powerful turbines.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, Second half
On lap 127, Mel Kenyon and rookie Billy Vukovich II tangled in turn four. Both were able to re-enter the race, but Johnny Rutherford, while trying to slow down, was rear-ended by Jim McElreath. Mike Mosley also spun into the turn four grass trying to avoid the accident. Rutherford was out, but McElreath limped back to the pits where his crew repair the nosecone.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, Second half
When Bobby Unser made his last pit stop on lap 166, his gearshift linkage was broken, and the car was stuck in high gear. As he slowly left his pit, struggling to accelerate back to racing speed, both Leonard and Ruby passed him. Leonard now led in the Turbine. Ruby was up to second, but moments later on lap 178, Ruby was back in the pits with a faulty ignition coil. His crew was able to replace the coil, but the six-minute pit stop dropped him out of contention for the win.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, Second half
With 19 laps to go, Joe Leonard led, with Bobby Unser back up to second. Carl Williams crashed on the backstretch, triggering a fire which brought out the yellow light. Under the caution, Leonard led, with Bobby Unser second, and Dan Gurney in third. For a brief moment, a controversy started brewing as Art Pollard (teammate to Joe Leonard), who was a couple laps down, was not keeping up with the caution pace. As a result, Bobby Unser was stuck behind him, and losing track position to Leonard.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, Finish
After the cleanup, the green flag was given to the field at the start of lap 192. At that instant, both leader Joe Leonard and his teammate Art Pollard hesitated and instantly slowed with identical snapped fuel pump drive shafts. The turbine engines again failed in sight of the finish, stunning the racing fraternity. Bobby Unser swept by into the lead with Dan Gurney inheriting second place. With a nearly full-lap lead, Unser cruised over the final nine laps to win his first Indianapolis 500.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, Finish
Cars using Goodyear tires swept the top four positions, and Goodyear won their second 500 in row. Officials allowed the top five cars to finish the full 500 miles, then flagged the rest of the field off the track. This would be the final 500 in which finishers were named to the prestigious Champion Spark Plug 100 mph Club. Unlike the 1967 race, the Turbine did not run away from the field in 1968. Bobby Unser led the most laps in the Offenhauser, but Joe Leonard spent most of the day on Unser's tail, in the top three.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Race Day, Finish
Graham Hill ran in the top five, but complained that he lacked speed down the long straights, and was running 4th when he wrecked. Art Pollard, in the third Turbine, spent most of the day in the top ten before the car quit, but was never really a factor for the win.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. Len Sutton served as "driver expert" for the third year. At the conclusion of the race, Lou Palmer reported from victory lane.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Pre -race coverage was 30 minutes. The entire on-air crew remained consistent from 1966 & 1967. The broadcast was carried by over 900 affiliates including 761 in the United States, Armed Forces Network, the CBC, and reached New Zealand and Australia for the first time. The broadcast had an estimated 100 million listeners worldwide.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Collins greeted numerous guests in the booth during the race. Among those who stopped by were Chuck Stevenson, Sam Hanks, J. C. Agajanian, former (and future) radio analyst Fred Agabashian, Duke Nalon, Pete DePaolo, Henry Banks, Tom Binford, Johnnie Parsons, and Johnny Boyd. Indiana Senator Vance Hartke visited the booth, escorting a delegation that included Secretary of Transportation Alan Boyd. FCC chairman Rosel H. Hyde, Utah Senator Frank Moss, and Jack Kauffmann (The Washington Star). Senator Birch Bayh also visited the booth, accompanied by his teenage son, future senator Evan Bayh, who was attending his first race. On the air, Evan correctly predicted Bobby Unser would win.


1968 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Chief Announcer: Sid CollinsDriver expert: Len SuttonStatistician: John DeCampHistorian: Donald Davidson


1968 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Mike AhernTurn 2: Howdy BellBackstretch: Doug ZinkTurn 3: Ron CarrellTurn 4: Jim Shelton


1968 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was carried in the United States on ABC's Wide World of Sports. The broadcast was supposed to air on Saturday, June 8 but was postponed a week to Saturday June 15 due to the funeral that day of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Jim McKay anchored the broadcast with Rodger Ward as analyst, and Chris Economaki as a pit reporter..


1968 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Television
The race was shown live on MCA closed-circuit television in approximately 175 theaters across the United States. Charlie Brockman served as anchor.


1968 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The 1968 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship was the third edition of the World Championship.


1968 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship
The winner was Gabdrakhman Kadyrov of the Soviet Union for the second time.


1968 Individual Long Track European Championship
The 1968 Individual Long Track European Championship was the 12th edition of the Long Track European Championship. The final was held on 30 June 1968 in Mühldorf, West Germany.


1968 Individual Long Track European Championship
The title was won by Manfred Poschenreider of West Germany for the third successive year. He was the first rider to achieve the feat of winning three titles.


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1968 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 23rd edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship
Ivan Mauger won his first World title. Fellow countryman Barry Briggs finished second and Pole Edward Jancarz took the bronze medal.


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, Format changes
The format of the Championship changed again for the 1968 event. It reverted back to the 1966 system whereby six riders from the Swedish section would qualify for the World Final direct to be held in Sweden. All other nations had to go through various events to establish the other ten riders to qualify for the final.


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, British/Commonwealth Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, Nordic Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British/Commonwealth/Nordic Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, Continental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, Fourth Round, Swedish Finals
Three races held on 27 May at Malmo, 28 May at Göteborg and 30 May in Linköping


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, Fourth Round, European Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1968 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final
The 1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final was the final of the tenth season of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. It was played on 7 August and 11 September 1968 between Leeds United A.F.C. of England and Ferencváros of Hungary. Leeds United won the tie 1–0 on aggregate, having won the first leg 1–0 at home prior to a 0–0 draw in the second leg. It was both clubs' second appearance in the final, with Leeds United having been defeated finalists to Dinamo Zagreb in the previous season's final, whilst Ferencváros won the tournament in 1965 having beat Juventus in the final.


1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final
The Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was created in 1955 as a tournament between cities that hosted international trade fairs. It originally had an irregular format with the competition taking place over multiple seasons, before the format was changed such that it took place over a single season. The 1967–68 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was the 10th season of the competition.


1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final
Both teams took part in five rounds prior to reaching the final. The first leg saw Leeds beat Luxembourgish side Spora Luxembourg 16–0 over two legs before victories over FK Partizan, Hibernian and Rangers saw Leeds set up a semi-final against Scottish side Dundee. The first leg saw Leeds draw 1–1, before an Eddie Gray goal late in the second leg saw Leeds seal their place in the final. Despite losing 3–1 to Romanian side Argeș Pitești in the first leg of their first round tie, Ferencváros won the second leg 4–0 to advance to the next round. The second round saw Ferencváros come from behind to beat Real Zaragoza, before victories over Liverpool, Athletic Bilbao and Bologna saw the Hungarian side reach the final.


1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Match, First leg
The attendance for the first leg, hosted at Leeds United's Elland Road, was just 25,268, with the match being televised live on BBC One cited as the reason for the surprisingly low figure. The referee for the first leg was Swiss referee Rudolf Scheurer. Both sides had early chances, with Ferencváros midfielder István Szőke failing to capitalise on a mistake made at the back by Leeds' Jack Charlton, before Leeds' Peter Lorimer had a shot well saved after goalkeeper István Géczi's free kick fell straight to Mick Jones.


1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Match, First leg
Leeds scored the first and only goal of the game in the 41st minute as Lorimer's corner fell first to Jack Charlton before Mick Jones bundled the ball over the line, despite complaints from the Hungarian side that Charlton fouled goalkeeper István Géczi in the build-up. The second half saw both teams have chances to score, though the away side had the best chances, with István Szőke putting a good chance wide before Gyula Rákosi failed to beat Leeds goalkeeper Gary Sprake.


1968 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Match, Second leg
The second leg, hosted in front of a crowd of 76,000 at Ferencváros' Népstadion, was under threat of not taking place due to growing tensions between the east and west as a result of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. The second leg saw Leeds play much more defensively than in the first, with Leeds described as having a 'ten-man defence'. Ferencváros dominated, with strong first-half chances falling to Gyula Rákosi and István Szőke, and their dominance continued throughout the match but they failed to score. Following the match, Leeds manager Don Revie stated, "As the final whistle drew nearer every minute seemed like an hour." Victory over Ferencváros marked Leeds' first major European honour.


1968 Intercontinental Cup
The 1968 Intercontinental Cup was an association football tie held over two legs in 1968 between the winners of the 1967–68 European Cup, Manchester United, and Estudiantes de La Plata, winners of the 1968 Copa Libertadores.


1968 Intercontinental Cup
The first leg was held on 25 September 1968 at the Estadio Boca Juniors, as Estudiantes' ground was deemed unsuitable. Nevertheless, Estudiantes won the first leg 1–0, the winning goal awarded to Marcos Conigliaro in the 27th minute.


1968 Intercontinental Cup
Old Trafford hosted the return leg three weeks later on 16 October 1968. The match finished up as a 1–1 draw, granting Estudiantes their first Intercontinental Cup title. Juan Ramón Verón opened the scoring in the 6th minute, but Willie Morgan equalised in the 90th minute.


1968 Intercontinental Cup
Players were sent off in both legs of the tie, Nobby Stiles being dismissed for Manchester United in the 79th minute of the first leg. The second leg was marred by violence, and resulted in George Best and José Hugo Medina being sent off as a result of a large scuffle towards the end of the match.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, First leg, Pre-match
Upon their arrival in Buenos Aires, the Manchester United team might have expected a negative reception from the locals, given the violence that dogged the 1967 Intercontinental Cup between Celtic and Racing Club de Avellaneda. On the contrary, the players were welcomed warmly, with parties and even a polo match organised in their honour. An official reception was organised for the Manchester United team, which manager Matt Busby took his team along to with the intention of establishing good relations with their Argentine counterparts; however, the Estudiantes side pulled out at the last minute, causing Busby much irritation.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, First leg, Pre-match
Later, an interview with Benfica coach Otto Glória appeared in the press, in which he referred to Manchester United midfielder Nobby Stiles as "an assassin", which Busby found to be in bad taste. An extension of the interview was published in the match programme, with Glória going on to call Stiles "brutal, badly intentioned and a bad sportsman".


1968 Intercontinental Cup, First leg, Pre-match
Stiles had been in the England team that beat Argentina on the way to winning the 1966 World Cup; that match had also been bad-tempered, and England manager Alf Ramsey described the Argentines as "animals" after the game, so the Argentines no doubt viewed Glória's comments about Stiles as fair retribution, though it did nothing to temper the increasingly hostile atmosphere.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, First leg, Match summary
Just prior to kick-off, a bomb that released red smoke was set off inside the stadium, and from that point, the Estudiantes team set about harrying their opposition. A particularly violent member of the Estudiantes side was their midfielder Carlos Bilardo, whose conduct caused Busby to later comment that "holding the ball out there put you in danger of your life". In response to Otto Glória's comments, Nobby Stiles was targeted with particular violence by the Estudiantes players, receiving punches, kicks and headbutts for his trouble, yet each time he walked away without retaliating.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, First leg, Match summary
However, even the referees seemed to be against Stiles; at one point, the linesman reported Stiles to the referee apparently for simply standing too close to Bilardo. After suffering incessant hounding by the Estudiantes players, Stiles finally retaliated and was immediately sent off in the 79th minute by referee Hugo Sosa Miranda, meaning that he would be suspended for the second leg. Bobby Charlton also suffered a severe head wound and required stitches.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, First leg, Match summary
The Estudiantes' players' constant pressure meant that the English side was unable to get into a rhythm, but they put up a resistant defensive effort and conceded only one goal in the game; Néstor Togneri headed home a corner from Felipe Ribaudo in the 27th minute to give Estudiantes the advantage going into the away leg at Old Trafford. However, the referee officially credited Marcos Conigliaro with the Argentinian goal.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Pre-match
The match was highly publicised around the world. Three-hundred Argentine fans made the trip to Manchester to see the match. The match generated over £50,000 (approximately £1.27 million in 2010), a record earning for any English club at the time. The most expensive tickets were priced at £3; the least expensive were at 10 shillings. The home crowd lined up outside the stadium to buy their tickets and waited up to five hours in the heavy rain. In the run-up, Estudiantes played a friendly against London side Arsenal.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
The match started with Manchester United looking for the goal that would level the tie; Pat Crerand created the first real chance, with a shot from 30 metres out that was defended by Estudiantes goalkeeper Alberto José Poletti. Despite the English pressure, Poletti made several saves, giving his team the confidence to step up their attacks. Estudiantes then surprised the crowd with a sixth-minute goal from Juan Ramón Verón; the goal came from the second free kick of the match, as Raúl Madero crossed for Verón to head the ball in Alex Stepney's net, silencing the crowd.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
Manchester United now needed to score three goals to win and two to force a play-off. George Best forced Poletti into a spectacular save in the 12th minute. Moments later, Willie Morgan shot towards goal, and David Sadler headed the rebound to Bobby Charlton, whose shot was saved by Poletti. Sadler then gave away a free kick in the middle of the pitch for a foul on an Argentine player that forced the European referee to give him a warning.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
Verón retaliated for his team-mate with a foul on Crerand near the English team's penalty area and also received a warning. Best, Crerand and Brian Kidd starting combining with each other to create chances for Denis Law, and although the pressure from the home side forced the Estudiantes players into kicking the ball out of play and blocking any long-range shots, the English side was unable to score.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
In the 34th minute, Law lost his marker and created enough space for a shot, only to find Poletti blocking the shot at the edge of the penalty area. Law picked up an injury four minutes later and was taken off the field for treatment, before being substituted by Carlo Sartori just before half-time. While Law was off the field, Estudiantes nearly scored their second goal when Marcos Conigliaro received a pass from Oscar Malbernat and hit the crossbar with Stepney at full stretch. The referee allowed three minutes of injury time before blowing his whistle for half-time.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
Manchester United had a chance to equalise shortly after the start of the second half, but Kidd hit the crossbar. Estudiantes came out for the second half with a more tactical approach, and started a series of fast counter-attacks; three Estudiantes players took the ball towards the English side of the field, and attempted to pick out Verón with a high pass. However, Tony Dunne was able to intercept the cross and broke up the attack.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
Although the Estudiantes team continued with their conservative approach to prevent the home side from gathering any momentum, Morgan managed to break through the Argentine defence, but just as José Hugo Medina caught up with him, Morgan elbowed him in the face. Medina grabbed Morgan's jersey and threw him to the ground. The two players clashed again a minute later, and the Yugoslavian referee later gave Medina a warning for a foul on Dunne.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
With 17 minutes left to play, Estudiantes brought on Juan Echecopar in place of Felipe Ribaudo. In the 89th minute, Best punched Medina in the face and pushed Néstor Togneri to the ground in the Argentine half of the field. The referee sent off Best and Medina, following which Best spat at Medina, resulting in the two having to be escorted to their respective changing rooms. However, the British crowd prevented Medina from going to his locker room by throwing coins. Manchester United eventually equalised in the 90th minute, when a shot from Morgan beat Poletti.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
Kidd scored for United in injury time but the referee disallowed it claiming that he had whistled the end of the game before the action and therefore the Argentinian goalkeeper and defenders didn't move to try to prevent the goal. Soon after the whistle, a Manchester player punched a player of Estudiantes in the face while running towards his team's dressing room.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Second leg, Match summary
The Estudiantes team attempted to run a lap of honour, but the home fans continued to throw objects onto the pitch, cutting the lap of honour short.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Aftermath
Estudiantes' victory was acclaimed throughout Argentina, with wide coverage by the local media. Estudiantes was also the first Argentine team to win the Cup as visitor so Racing Club had won the competition one year before but in a neutral venue.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Aftermath
Estudiantes was also the first club out of the big five of Argentine football to win an Intercontinental competition. (Rosario Athletic Club had won the South American Tie Cup at the beginning of the XX Century).


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Aftermath
Osvaldo (Zubeldía) taught us that we had to win and it remained engraved in me. He could be practising a corner kick or a free kick for two hours. He stood in the area, raised a hand and said: "the ball must come here" and we should shot the ball pointing at his hand. The practise did not end until the ball touched his hand.


1968 Intercontinental Cup, Aftermath
The philosophy of coach Osvaldo Zubeldía (a tactician who introduced some concepts that were revolutionary at that time) would be later continued by player and disciple Carlos Bilardo, winning manager of Estudiantes in the 1980s and then the Argentina national team at the 1986 FIFA World Cup.


1968 Intercontinental Supercup
The 1968 Intercontinental Supercup was the first edition of the Intercontinental Supercup, a matchup between the European and South American past winners of the Intercontinental Cup. The two-legged tie was contested between Italian club  Internazionale and Brazilian club Santos. The first match-up between Internazionale and Santos ended with the Santásticos beating Inter 1-0 at Milan's San Siro. A second leg was programmed to be disputed but Inter rejected to participate any further. Santos were declared the winners.


1968 Intercontinental Supercup, South American zone qualifiers
This South American zone tournament was contested between November 13, 1968, and May 22, 1969, between Peñarol, Santos, and Racing, the three South American winners of the Intercontinental Cup to date. Santos won the group and qualified to the final stage.


1968 Intercontinental Supercup, European zone qualifiers
As the only two European winners of the Intercontinental Cup, Inter and Real Madrid were eligible for the competition. However, Real Madrid withdrew from the tournament, leaving Inter to face the South American zone winner.


1968 Intercontinental Supercup, Match details, Second leg
As Inter withdrew from the second leg, Santos was declared the winner.


1968 International Cross Country Championships
The 1968 International Cross Country Championships was held in Tunis, Tunisia, at the Hippodrome de Kassar-Said on March 17, 1968. The women's championship was held one week later in Blackburn, England at the Witton Country Park on March 23, 1968. A report on the men's event as well as on the women's event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1968 International Cross Country Championships
Complete results for men, junior men,  women, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.


1968 International Cross Country Championships, Participation
An unofficial count yields the participation of 177 athletes from 14 countries.


1968 International Gold Cup
The 15th Gold Cup was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 17 August 1968 at Oulton Park, England. The race was run over 40 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Jackie Stewart in a Matra MS10.


1968 Intertoto Cup
The 1968 Intertoto Cup was the second, following the previous year's in which no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore the second in which no winner was declared. The tournament was expanded, with 50 clubs and fourteen groups compared to 48 clubs and twelve groups the season before. Clubs from Portugal and Spain participated for the first time.


1968 Intertoto Cup, Group stage
The teams were divided into fourteen groups - of four clubs each in the 'A' section, and of six clubs each in the 'B' section. Clubs from Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal were placed in 'A'; while clubs from East Germany, Poland, Sweden and Denmark were placed in 'B' groups. Clubs from West Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Switzerland were placed in both sections.


1968 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1968 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1968 Big Ten Conference football season.


1968 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Northwestern
It was a record-setting day for the Hawkeyes. Iowa established a Big Ten record for total offense with 639 yards (431 rushing). Ed Podolak rushed for 286 yards (setting Iowa and Big Ten records) and two touchdowns on 17 carries. His performance still ranks #2 on Iowa's single-game rushing list.


1968 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, at Illinois
After winning only 4 games combined over the previous three seasons, the Hawkeyes earned their 5th victory of the season.


1968 Iowa Senate election
The 1968 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1968 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 33 of the state senate's 61 districts. At this time, the Iowa Senate still had several multi-member districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1968 Iowa Senate election
A statewide map of the 61 state Senate districts in the year 1968 is provided by the Iowa General Assembly .


1968 Iowa Senate election
The primary election on September 3, 1968 determined which candidates appeared on the November 5, 1968 general election ballot. Primary election results can be obtained here. General election results can be obtained here.


1968 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Democrats had control of the Iowa state Senate with 32 seats to Republicans' 29 seats.


1968 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans needed to net 2 Senate seats.


1968 Iowa Senate election
Republicans flipped control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1968 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 45 seats and Democrats having 16 seats (a net gain of 16 seats for Republicans).


1968 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1968 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University in the Big Eight Conference during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach Johnny Majors, the Cyclones compiled a 3–7 record (1–6 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 273 to 178. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.


1968 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1968 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1968. Republican nominee Robert D. Ray defeated Democratic nominee Paul Franzenburg with 54.06% of the vote.


1968 Iranian local elections
The first ever local elections in Iran were held in 1968, to elect the members of city and town municipal councils (Anjoman). The elections were scheduled for the beginning of May, however after being delayed several times, it started on 4 October 1968 for 175 local councils.


1968 Iranian local elections
The result was a victory for the New Iran Party.


1968 Iranian local elections
According to Dilip Hiro, 90% of the voters in Tehran abstained, a way to mildly express dissent.


1968 Iranian local elections, Results
Out of 173 councils up for election, the results for 7 cities were annulled, including Sanandaj, Mehriz, Nahavand and Khansar. The New Iran Party managed to gain majority in 148 councils and in 115 of them, it won all of the seats (including the capital, Tehran). People's Party came up second, gaining control of 12 councils while the Pan-Iranist Party won in 2 councils, in Shushtar and in Khorramshahr. Non -partisan candidates shaped the majority in 4 cities, including Dehloran, Amirkola, Rey and Nur.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1968 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 10 August 1968.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby
In January 1968 Shelbourne Park came under the ownership of the Bord na gCon for £240,000, which resulted in Shelbourne becoming the permanent home of the Irish Greyhound Derby from 1970.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Yellow Printer won £2,000 and was trained by John Bassett, owned by Miss Pauline Wallis and Sir Robert Adeane.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The leading entry for the 1968 Derby was Yellow Printer, who was regarded as being the fastest greyhound in training for many years. He had reached the Easter Cup final beaten by It's A Mint before taking part in an eventful 1968 English Greyhound Derby. He was jointly owned by Pauline Wallis and Sir Robert Adeane and arrived in Ireland with trainer John Bassett and was housed at Gay McKenna's Kennels in Cabinteely. He was installed at an incredibly short ante-post price 5-2. He ran a solo trial recording a fast 29.40 just one day before the heats, and his odds were shortened further to an unprecedented even money favourite, extraordinary odds for a competition.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
On 20 July Yellow Printer became the first greyhound to break 29 seconds over 525 yards at Shelbourne Park, when he won by nine lengths and clocked 28.83sec in a first round victory. Defending champion Russian Gun also won in an impressive 29.22 and Philotimo, the McAlinden Cup and Laurels champion posted 29.32. Other winners included It's A Mint, Mister Rubble and Puppy Derby champion Kalamazoo.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The second round proved eventful because It's A Mint went fastest in 29.29 but Yellow Printer and Russian Gun both remained unbeaten after the round.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Yellow Printer remained unbeaten as he wrapped up his semi-final in 29.43 from Ballybeg Flash; It's A Mint defeated Drumna Chestnut in the second decider and the remaining semi provided the punters with a superb fight back from Russian Gun when the black dog had looked in a hopeless position; he then came from nowhere to qualify behind Clinker Flash.


1968 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final Ballybeg Flash broke first out of the traps, but it was Yellow Printer from trap four who took the lead followed by Russian Gun, who stayed with him the whole way round and only conceded the race late on.


1968 Irish constitutional referendums
Two referendums were held in the Ireland on 16 October 1968, each on a proposed amendment of the Irish constitution relating to the electoral system. Both proposals were rejected.


1968 Irish constitutional referendums, Third amendment bill
The Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland Bill 1968 define the apportionment of constituency boundaries in a manner which would have allowed a greater degree of divergence of the ration between population and constituencies.


1968 Irish constitutional referendums, Fourth amendment bill
The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland Bill 1968 proposed to alter the electoral system for elections to Dáil Éireann from proportional representation by means of the Single transferable vote to the First-past-the-post voting system.


1968 Isle of Man TT
The 1968 Isle of Man TT, the third round of the 1968 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, involved six championship races on the Mountain Course on the Isle of Man during 8–14 June 1968. Giacomo Agostini won both the Junior and Senior races, completing the six laps of the latter race in 2 hours, 13 minutes and 39.4 seconds to win by almost nine minutes The Ultra-Lightweight 50cc race was won by Barry Smith, the Lightweight 125cc race by Phil Read and the Lightweight 250cc by Bill Ivy.


1968 Isle of Man TT, FIM Championship races, Ultra-Lightweight TT 50cc final standings
10 June 1968 – 3 Laps (113.00 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, FIM Championship races, Lightweight TT 125cc final standings
14 June 1968 – 3 Laps (113.00 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, FIM Championship races, Lightweight TT 250cc final standings
10 June 1968 – 6 Laps (226.38 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, FIM Championship races, Junior TT 350cc final standings
12 June 1968 – 6 Laps (236.38 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, FIM Championship races, Sidecar TT 500cc final standings
8 June 1968 – 3 Laps (113.2 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, FIM Championship races, Senior TT 500cc final standings
14 June 1968 – 6 Laps (236.38 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, Non-championship races, Sidecar 750cc TT final standings
8 June 1968 – 3 Laps (113.00 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, Non-championship races, Production TT 750 cc final standings
12 June 1968 – 3 Laps (113.00 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, Non-championship races, Production TT 500 cc final standings
12 June 1968 – 3 Laps (113.00 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Isle of Man TT, Non-championship races, Production TT 250 cc final standings
12 June 1968 – 3 Laps (113.00 Miles) Mountain Course.


1968 Islington London Borough Council election
The 1968 Islington Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Islington London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council.


1968 Islip 300
The 1968 Islip 300 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on July 7, 1968, at Islip Speedway in Islip, New York.


1968 Islip 300
The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the "strictly stock" vehicles of the 1950s.


1968 Islip 300, Background
Islip Speedway was a .2-mile (320-meter) oval race track in Islip, New York which was open from 1947 until 1984. It is the smallest track ever to host NASCAR's Grand National Series, from 1964 to 1971. The first demolition derby took place at Islip Speedway in 1958. The idea was patented by Larry Mendelson, who worked at Islip Speedway.


1968 Islip 300, Race report
The race's advertised distance was 300 laps on a paved track spanning 0.200 miles (0.322 km). It took fifty-five minutes and seventeen seconds in order to complete the entire race. Starting at 8:15 PM, the race was quickly over before 9:15 PM. Speeds were considered to be 48.561 miles per hour (78.151 km/h) for the average and 51.873 miles per hour (83.482 km/h) for the pole. The race was attended by 4,600 spectators and they witnessed one caution for three laps. General admission for this event was only $4 plus sales taxes ($29.41 when adjusted for inflation) while children got in for only $1 with an adult general admission ($7.35 when adjusted for inflation).


1968 Islip 300, Race report
The most notable crew chiefs to participate in this event were Ray Hicks, Eddie Allison, Jake Elder, Frankie Scott, Dale Inman and Harry Hyde.


1968 Islip 300, Race report
Bobby Allison managed to defeat David Pearson by six car lengths. The track was shorter than even Martinsville Speedway; giving it the notoriety of being lapped by the leaders during the first ten four laps of a race. Start and park racing was a way to avoid demoralization in those circumstances as opposed to maintaining a profit margin. Most of the drivers drove the latest model of stock car automobiles to this race. Buddy Baker would perform in a 1968 Dodge Charger while Richard Petty raced around the track in a 1968 Plymouth GTX. Three years later, the uncertain economic climate of the early 1970s would necessitate start and park racing in order for lesser teams to remain as viable as possible.


1968 Islip 300, Race report
Bobby Allison would receive $1,000 ($7,352 when adjusted for inflation) for winning the race while Gene Black would receive $100 ($735 when adjusted for inflation) for finishing in last place. Four different car manufacturers led the race and four different finished in the top four.


1968 Islip 300, Race report
The total winnings for this race was $5,255 ($38,636 when adjusted for inflation). John Winger would make his NASCAR debut during this racing event.


1968 Islip 300, Race report, Qualifying
Failed to qualify:  Bob Cooper (#02), Dick Johnson (#18), Henley Gray (#19), Stan Meserve (#51), Bobby Mausgrover (#88)


1968 Islip 300, Finishing order
† signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race


1968 Israel Super Cup
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1968 Israel Super Cup
The 1968 Israel Super Cup was the 5th Israel Super Cup, an annual Israeli football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup. As the match was not set by the Israel Football Association, it was considered an unofficial cup, with a trophy donated by the Maccabi Association.


1968 Israel Super Cup
The match was played between Maccabi Tel Aviv, champions of the 1966–68 Liga Leumit and Bnei Yehuda, winners of the 1967–68 Israel State Cup. At the match, played at Bloomfield Stadium, Maccabi Tel Aviv won 2–1.


1968 Israeli presidential election
An election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 26 March 1968. Zalman Shazar, who was elected in 1963 following the death of Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, ran unopposed for the position. Shazar's second term began on the day of the election. He would hold this position until 1973, when Ephraim Katzir was elected as the new President.


1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon
The 1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, code-named Operation Gift (Hebrew: מבצע תשורה, mivtza t'shura), was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Special Forces operation at the Beirut International Airport in the evening of December 28, 1968. The operation was in response to the attack on the Israeli Airliner El Al Flight 253 two days earlier by the Lebanon-based Palestinian militant organization Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).


1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon
The commandos from the Israeli army's elite Sayeret Matkal destroyed 12 passenger airplanes belonging to Middle East Airlines (MEA) and Lebanese International Airways (LIA) and two cargo planes belonging to Trans Mediterranean Airways (TMA).


1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, Expenses
Of the 14 aircraft destroyed, 8 (1 Vickers VC-10 (on lease from Ghana Airways), 1 Boeing 707-320C, 2 Caravelle VIN, 3 Comet 4C and 1 Vickers Viscount) belonged to MEA, which was 30% owned by Air France, 5% by Lebanese individuals and 65% by the Intra Investment Company. Intra was an inter-governmental corporation constituted by the Kuwaiti, Qatari, Lebanese and American governments. The US was represented by the Commodity Credit Corporation, which was owed money by Intra Bank, the predecessor of Intra Company, for wheat sales.


1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, Expenses
Lebanese International Airways owned 4 of the destroyed aircraft (2 Douglas DC-7 and 2 Convair 990 Coronado) which were 58% American owned.


1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, Expenses
Trans-Mediterranean Airways lost 2 planes (1 Douglas DC-4 and 1 Douglas DC-6) owned by private Lebanese individuals.


1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, Expenses
The total value of the planes was estimated to be $43.8 million, of which British insurers initially agreed to pay $18 million, excluding all policies that did not cover acts of war.


1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, Criticism
The attack draw a sharp rebuke from the US, which stated that nothing suggested that the Lebanese authorities had anything to do with the  El Al Flight 253 attack.


1968 Italian Athletics Championships
The 1968 Italian Athletics Championships was the 58th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Trieste (track & field events).


1968 Italian Grand Prix
The 1968 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Monza Autodrome on 8 September 1968. It was race 9 of 12 in both the 1968 World Championship of Drivers and the 1968 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 68-lap race was won by McLaren driver Denny Hulme after he started from seventh position. Johnny Servoz-Gavin finished second for the Matra team and Ferrari driver Jacky Ickx came in third.


1968 Italian Grand Prix
There was a five-week break after the previous Grand Prix in Germany, and before F1 circus resumed in Italy. The season so far had seen both rainfall and tragedy. During the break, the Oulton Park Gold Cup attracted some of the top names, with Jackie Stewart taking the victory, after his dominant victory at the Nürburgring.


1968 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Entry
A total of 24 F1 cars were entered for the event, making this the biggest of the season, with a couple of notable American drivers on the entry list. Italian American Mario Andretti, entered in a third Lotus and his USAC rival, Bobby Unser, replacing Richard Attwood at Owen Racing Organisation (BRM). Many others team increase their drivers crews. Johnny Servoz-Gavin due to drive the second of Ken Tyrrell's Matra International cars. Scuderia Ferrari ran a third car for rising English star, Derek Bell, while David Hobbs with fielded by Honda Racing.


1968 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The early qualifying session saw Andretti and Unser set the pace, recording fast time, especially as both drivers wanted to fly back to the US for the Hoosier Hundred at the Indiana State Fairgrounds (a 160km dirt track race), on the following day. They then intended to fly back to Milan and race in the Grand Prix.


1968 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
The event organisers announced that if the either driver returned to the States and race, they would be banned from competing in the Grand Prix, under an ACI ruling which forbade drivers to complete in another event within 24 hours of the start of the Grand Prix. Both Andretti and Unser flew back to Indiana for the Hoosier Hundred and did return for the Italian Grand Prix, but were not allowed to take part in the race.


1968 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying
Qualifying resulted in John Surtees taking pole for the Honda Racing team, in their Honda RA301, averaging a speed of 150.314 mph. He was joined on the front row by Bruce McLaren in his own McLaren M7A and Chris Amon in a Ferrari 312. The second row saw the Ferrari of Jacky Ickx and the Lotus of Graham Hill. Jackie Stewart, Denny Hulme and Derek Bell shared the third row.


1968 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Race
The race was held over 68 laps of the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, taking place in sunny conditions, with John Surtees leading straight from the start. By the end of first lap, Bruce McLaren was ahead. McLaren stayed in front until Surtees slipstreamed back into the lead. The following lap McLaren was ahead again, while the leading Ferrari of Chris Amon lost control on oil dropped by one of the Honda RA301s and his car flew over the barriers into the trees at one of the fast Lesmo corners. Surtees also hit the wall trying to avoid the Ferrari. This put Jo Siffert into second place, with Jackie Stewart third. The Scotsman moved into second and a slipstreaming battle developed for the lead between McLaren, Stewart, Siffert and Denny Hulme.


1968 Italian Grand Prix, Report, Race
McLaren's M7A had to stop for more oil on lap 35 and retired. Stewart disappeared on lap 43, when his Cosworth engine failed. Hulme was by this stage already leading the race, and when Siffert went out with a rear suspension failure, nine laps from the end, Hulme was left to win. He won in a time of 1hr 40:14.8mins., averaging a speed of 146.284mph. There had been a lively battle behind him, between Johnny Servoz-Gavin, Jacky Ickx and Jochen Rindt. The Ferrari of Ickx had emerged ahead, only to stop in the closing lap for more fuel. In the process, he dropped to third behind Servoz-Gavin, while Rindt had to retire with an engine failure. Piers Courage, Jean-Pierre Beltoise, and Jo Bonnier rounded out the top six, with no other finishers.


1968 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
Lombardy elected its fifth delegation to the Italian Senate on May 19, 1968. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1968 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.


1968 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. Seven Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party, while the agricultural Province of Pavia and Province of Mantua preferred the Italian Communist Party.


1968 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background
Following the alliance between Christian Democracy and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), which entered into Aldo Moro's centre-left governments, the PSI created a federation with another member of the coalition, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, but it paid its toll to the Italian Communist Party, which joined its forces with the newly established Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity, the former Socialist leftist wing.


1968 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Electoral system
The electoral system for the Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.


1968 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 19 May 1968 to select the Fifth Republican Parliament. Democrazia Cristiana (DC) remained stable around 38% of the votes. They were marked by a victory of the Communist Party (PCI) passing from 25% of 1963 to c. 30% at the Senate, where it presented jointly with the new Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (PSIUP), which included members of Socialist Party (PSI) which disagreed the latter's alliance with DC. PSIUP gained c. 4.5% at the Chamber. The Socialist Party and the Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) presented together as the Unified PSI–PSDI, but gained c. 15%, far less than the sum of what the two parties had obtained separately in 1963.


1968 Italian general election, Electoral system
The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they was divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.


1968 Italian general election, Electoral system
For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had risen to 315 members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected, a goal which could be reached only by the German minorities in South Tirol. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected.


1968 Italian general election, Historical background
On 21 August 1964, the historic leader of the Italian Communist Party, Palmiro Togliatti died of cerebral haemorrhage while vacationing with his companion Nilde Iotti in Yalta, then in the Soviet Union. According to some of his collaborators, Togliatti was travelling to the Soviet Union in order to give his support to Leonid Brezhnev's election as Nikita Khrushchev's successor at the head of Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


1968 Italian general election, Historical background
Togliatti was replaced by Luigi Longo, a long-time prominent PCI members; Longo continued Togliatti's line, known as the "Italian road to Socialism", playing down the alliance between the Italian Communist Party and the USSR. He reacted without hostility to the new left movements that sprung up in 1968 and, among the leaders of the PCI, was one of those most disposed to engage with the new activists, although he did not condone their excesses.


1968 Italian general election, Historical background
Moreover, Francesco De Martino, became the new Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party, after the resignation of Pietro Nenni, due to age.


1968 Italian general election, Historical background
In 1965, the SIFAR intelligence agency was transformed into the SID following an aborted coup d'état, Piano Solo, which was to give power to the Carabinieri, then headed by general De Lorenzo.


1968 Italian general election, Historical background
The difficult equilibrium of Italian society was challenged by a rising left-wing movement, in the wake of 1968 student unrest ("Sessantotto"). This movement was characterized by such heterogeneous events as revolts by jobless farm workers (Avola, Battipaglia 1969), occupations of Universities by students, social unrest in the large Northern factories (1969 autunno caldo, hot autumn).


1968 Italian general election, Historical background
While conservative forces tried to roll back some of the social advances of the 1960s, and part of the military indulged in "sabre rattling" in order to intimidate progressive political forces, numerous left-wing activists became increasingly frustrated at social inequalities, while the myth of guerrilla (Che Guevara, the Uruguayan Tupamaros) and of the Chinese Maoist "cultural revolution" increasingly inspired extreme left-wing violent movements.


1968 Italian general election, Historical background
Social protests, in which the student movement was particularly active, shook Italy during the 1969 autunno caldo (Hot Autumn), leading to the occupation of the Fiat factory in Turin. In March 1968, clashes occurred at La Sapienza university in Rome, during the "Battle of Valle Giulia." Mario Capanna, associated with the New Left, was one of the figures of the student movement, along with the members of Potere Operaio and Autonomia Operaia such as (Antonio Negri, Oreste Scalzone, Franco Piperno and of Lotta Continua such as Adriano Sofri.


1968 Italian general election, Results
The election was a test for the new organization of the socialist area, which was divided between the new revolutionary and Communist-allied Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity and the governmental social-democratic federation between PSI and PSDI. The polls said that the split of the PSIUP in 1964 had not been a purely parliamentary operation, but the reflex of divisions into the leftist electorate.


1968 Italian general election, Results
The result shocked the PSI's leadership, causing the sudden sinking of the social-democratic federation, and an alternance of provisional retirements by the government, firstly led by lifetime senator Giovanni Leone and then, through two political crisis, by DC's secretary Mariano Rumor. Unsuccessfully trying to recover its lost leftist electors, the PSI returned to the alliance with the PCI for the regional elections of 1970, so causing another crisis and a new change of premiership, then led by Emilio Colombo, but the government coalition had continuous problems of instability. Influent Giulio Andreotti tried to resurrect the centrist formula in 1972, but he failed, opening the way to the first early election of the republican history.


1968 Italian general election in Veneto
The Italian general election of 1968 took place on 19 May 1968.


1968 Italian general election in Veneto
In Veneto Christian Democracy was, as usual, the largest party with 52.9% of the vote.


1968 Italian regional elections
Regional elections were held in some regions of Italy during 1968. These included:


1968 Jack Kramer Tournament of Champions
The 1968 Jack Kramer Tournament of Champions was a men's professional tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the first edition of the British Indoor Championships in the Open era. The tournament took place at the  Wembley Pool Arena in London, England and ran from 15 November through 21 November 1968.


1968 Jack Kramer Tournament of Champions
The singles event and the accompanying £5,000 first prize was won by Ken Rosewall.


1968 Jack Kramer Tournament of Champions, Finals, Doubles
John Newcombe /  Tony Roche defeated  Pancho Gonzales /  Andrés Gimeno 6–3, 9–7


1968 Japan Series
The 1968 Japan Series was the 19th edition of Nippon Professional Baseball's postseason championship series. It matched the Central League champion Yomiuri Giants against the Pacific League champion Hankyu Braves. This was a rematch of the previous year's Japan Series, which the Giants won. Yomiuri again defeated Hankyu in six games to capture their fourth consecutive title.


1968 Japanese House of Councillors election
House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 7 July 1968, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats, although this marked the first House of Councillors election in the LDP's history in which its share of the popular vote decreased when compared to the election prior to it.


1968 KFK competitions (Ukraine)
The 1968 KFK competitions in Ukraine were part of the 1968 Soviet KFK competitions that were conducted in the Soviet Union. It was 5th season of the KFK in Ukraine since its introduction in 1964.


1968 KFK competitions (Ukraine), Promotion
None of KFK teams were promoted to the 1969 Ukrainian Class B.


1968 KFK competitions (Ukraine), Promotion
However, to the Class B were promoted following teams that did not participate in the KFK competitions:


1968 Kadena Air Base B-52 crash
On 19 November 1968, a B-52 crashed at Kadena Air Base, on the island of Okinawa, Japan.


1968 Kadena Air Base B-52 crash, Aborted takeoff
The United States Air Force (USAF) Strategic Air Command (SAC) B-52D Stratofortress (serial number 55-0103) of the 4252d Strategic Wing had a full bomb load and broke up and caught fire after the aircraft aborted takeoff at Kadena Air Base while it was conducting an Operation Arc Light bombing mission to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War.


1968 Kadena Air Base B-52 crash, Resultant fire and explosion
The fire resulting from the aborted takeoff ignited the aircraft's fuel and detonated the 30,000 lb (14,000 kg) bomb load of twenty-four 500 lb (230 kg) bombs, (twelve under each wing) and forty two 750 lb (340 kg) bombs inside the bomb bay and caused a blast so powerful that it created an immense crater under the burning aircraft some 30 ft (9.1 m) deep and 60 ft (18 m) across. The blast blew out the windows in the dispensary at Naha Air Base (now Naha Airport), 23 miles (37 km) away and damaged 139 houses.


1968 Kadena Air Base B-52 crash, Recovery and investigation
The aircraft was reduced "to a black spot on the runway" The blast was so large that Air Force spokesman had to announce that there had only been conventional bombs on board. Nothing remained of the aircraft except landing gear and engine assemblies, the tail turret, a few bombs, and some loose explosive that had not detonated. Very small fragments of aircraft metal from the enormous blast were "spread like confetti," leaving the crew to use a double entendre to refer to the cleanup work, calling it, "'52 Pickup." The Electronic Warfare Officer and the Crew Chief later died from burn injuries after being evacuated from Okinawa. Two Okinawan workers were also injured in the blasts.


1968 Kadena Air Base B-52 crash, Recovery and investigation
Had the aircraft become airborne, it might have crashed about 1⁄4–1⁄2 mi (400–800 m) north of the runway and directly into the Chibana ammunition storage depot. The Chibana depot stored ammunition, bombs, high explosives, and tens of thousands artillery shells and is now known to have held warheads for 19 different atomic and thermonuclear weapons systems in the hardened weapon storage areas. The weapons included W28 warheads used in the MGM-13 Mace cruise missile and W31 warheads used in MGR-1 Honest John and MIM-14 Nike-Hercules (Nike-H) missiles.


1968 Kadena Air Base B-52 crash, Recovery and investigation
The storage depot at Chibana also included 52 igloos in the Project Red Hat chemical weapons storage area and presumably Project 112's biological Agents.


1968 Kadena Air Base B-52 crash, Recovery and investigation
The crash led to demands to remove the B-52s from Okinawa and strengthened a push for the reversion from U.S. rule in Okinawa. Okinawans had correctly suspected that the Chibana depot held nuclear weapons. The crash sparked fears that another potential disaster on the island could put the chemical and nuclear stockpile and the surrounding population in jeopardy and increased the urgency of moving them to a less populated and less active storage location.


1968 Kansas City Chiefs season
The  1968 Kansas City Chiefs season was the 9th season for the Kansas City Chiefs as a professional AFL franchise; They finished with a 12–2 record, resulting in a tie for first place in the AFL Western Division with the Oakland Raiders, before the Raiders won the championship in a tiebreaker playoff, defeating the Chiefs 41–6.


1968 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 1968 Chiefs boasted one of the finest defenses ever assembled by the club, allowing an AFL record (and still franchise-low) 170 points, or 12.1 points per game. The nucleus of the defensive unit was clearly in its prime, producing six AFL All-Stars, including all three of the squad's linebackers.


1968 Kansas City Chiefs season
Offensively, quarterback Len Dawson led the AFL in passing for the fourth time. Guard Ed Budde won the AFL Offensive Player of the Week award for the October 20 game against the Raiders. It was the first time the award was given to an interior lineman.


1968 Kansas City Chiefs season
The Chiefs began the season with a 7–1 record and rattled off five straight victories to close the regular season at 12–2, sharing the division crown with the Raiders and setting up their playoff on December 22, in which the Raiders advanced to the AFL Championship Game against the New York Jets. The loss to Oakland was a major event in the Chiefs' rivalry with the Raiders, one of the NFL's most storied feuds.


1968 Kansas City Chiefs season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1968 Kansas City Chiefs season, Postseason
A tie in the Western Division standings necessitated an unscheduled playoff game


1968 Kansas City, Missouri riot
The 1968 Kansas City riot occurred in Kansas City, Missouri, in April 1968. Kansas City became one of 37 cities in the United States to be the subject of rioting after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. The rioting in Kansas City did not erupt on April 4, like other cities of the United States affected directly by the assassination, but rather on April 9 after local events within the city.


1968 Kansas City, Missouri riot, History
The first sign of disorder in the streets of Kansas City was a relatively stable student march, in response to the government failing to close schools across the city that day for the funeral of Martin Luther King, Jr. This was seen as a lack of respect for King by the students.


1968 Kansas City, Missouri riot, History
Mayor Ilus W. Davis decided to go to the marchers, meeting with them at Parade Park. After Davis joined several leaders from the Black community in talking with the marchers, he then joined the others to lead the march the remaining distance to City Hall. The crowd grew in size, slowly becoming more militant, more so when they arrived at City Hall to find a large contingent of Kansas City Police Department officers. As tensions rose, with verbal and physical actions escalating on both sides, a volley of tear gas by the KCPD into the crowd would be the final moment when the full riot was unavoidable. The students dispersed, but word of this spread through the city, and a riot erupted.


1968 Kansas City, Missouri riot, History
The riot resulted in nearly 300 arrests, six deaths, and at least twenty hospital admissions.


1968 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1968 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Eight Conference during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Pepper Rodgers, the Jayhawks compiled a 9–2 record (6–1 against conference opponents), tied with Oklahoma for the Big Eight Conference championship, lost to Penn State in the 1969 Orange Bowl, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 394 to 190. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.


1968 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The team's statistical leaders included Bobby Douglass with 1,316 passing yards, John Riggins with 866 rushing yards and George McGowan with 592 receiving yards. John Zook was the team captain.


1968 Kansas Jayhawks football team
Quarterback Bobby Douglass finished 7th in Heisman Trophy voting receiving 9 1st place votes.


1968 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The Jayhawks wouldn’t beat Nebraska again until 2005, and it remains the last time they won in Lincoln.


1968 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The Jayhawks were Big 8 co-champions. It remains, as of the 2020 season, the last conference championship Kansas has won.


1968 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1968 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Vince Gibson. The Wildcats played their home games in KSU Stadium.


1968 Kansas State Wildcats football team
1968 was a significant year in Wildcat football history. KSU Stadium debuted as the new home for the football team, which moved from Memorial Stadium. The team was led by sophomore quarterback Lynn Dickey and finished the season as the best passing offense in the Big Eight.


1968 Kansas State Wildcats football team
1968 was also significant for the fact that the Wildcats were ranked for only the second time in school history (the first since 1953), and for the first time in the AP Poll. The team was ranked #20 going in its game against #4 Penn State. The Wildcats went on to lose the game, 25–9, and would not be ranked the rest of the season, although they would return to the rankings in the 1969 season.


1968 Kansas State Wildcats football team
1968 was also the last time the Wildcats beat Nebraska until the 1998 season, and the last time K-State beat Nebraska in Lincoln until 2003.


1968 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 1968 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1968. Incumbent Democrat Robert Docking narrowly defeated Republican nominee Rick Harman with 51.86% of the vote.


1968 Kensington South by-election
The Kensington South by-election, 1968 by-election was held in the Kensington South constituency of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on 14 March 1968. The election was to fill a vacancy in the seat formerly held by Conservative MP William Roots, who resigned from Parliament in 1968 due to ill health.


1968 Kensington South by-election
The seat was considered a safe seat for the Conservatives ('as safe and solid as the red-brick Victorian blocks of flats', wrote the Times); at the 1966 general election Roots was elected with 65.1 percent of the vote and a majority of 14,631. Turnout was expected to be low as the constituency had a large transient population living in bedsits and flats.


1968 Kensington South by-election
The Conservative Sir Brandon Rhys-Williams, a management consultant, won the seat with 75.5 percent of the vote and a slightly reduced majority (13,747) on a much reduced turnout. The Liberal candidate Thomas Kellock, a QC who had fought the seat at the previous general election, came in a distant second, with Labour candidate Clive Bradley, a barrister and journalist, forced into third place and losing his deposit.


1968 Kensington South by-election
There were two independent candidates who received the fewest votes: Sinclair Eustace, 37, a teacher of phonetics and a campaigner against aircraft noise, described by The Times as 'perhaps the most civilized and likeable' of all the candidates but with a platform very close to that of the Liberal Party; and William Gold, 45, and engineer and 'a Buddhist, anti-vivisectionist, periodic vegetarian and author of at least six unpublished novels' who had only just returned to the UK after living in Australia.


1968 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election
The 1968 Kensington and Chelsea Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1968 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The 1968 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Dave Puddington, the Golden Flashes compiled a 1–9 record (1–5 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 230 to 101.


1968 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The team's statistical leaders included Don Nottingham with 727 rushing yards, Steve Trustdorf with 773 passing yards, and Doug Smith with 247 receiving yards. Defensive tackle Jim Corrigall was selected as a first-team All-MAC player.


1968 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
Dave Puddington was hired as Kent State's head football coach in December 1977. He had been the head football coach at Washington University in St. Louis from 1962 to 1967.


1968 Kentucky Derby
The 1968 Kentucky Derby was the 94th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 4, 1968.


1968 Kentucky Derby
The race was the first Kentucky Derby in which the winning horse was subsequently disqualified. Dancer's Image won the race, but was disqualified to last after traces of phenylbutazone were discovered in the mandatory post-race urinalysis. Second-place finisher Forward Pass was declared the winner. The controversy filled the sporting news of media outlets in North America and was a cover story for Sports Illustrated, which referred to it as "the year's major sports story."


1968 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1968 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the Southeastern Conference during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season.


1968 Kham Duc C-130 shootdown
The 1968 Kham Duc C-130 shootdown was the aircraft shootdown of a United States Air Force Lockheed C-130B Hercules aircraft during the Battle of Kham Duc on May 12, 1968. All 155 people on board were killed. At the time, it was the deadliest aircraft crash in history, is currently the deadliest aviation incident on Vietnamese soil, and remained the deadliest loss of a U.S. military aircraft until Arrow Air Flight 1285 in 1985.


1968 Kham Duc C-130 shootdown
The aircraft, commanded by Major Bernard L. Bucher, was participating in the evacuation of South Vietnamese civilians from the Kham Duc campsite. The C-130 approached the Kham Duc airstrip from the south and managed to land despite taking hits from opposing North Vietnamese forces. As soon as it landed, approximately 149 South Vietnamese rushed onto the aircraft. Once the aircraft was full, Major Bucher proceeded to take off in a northward direction, unaware that the North Vietnamese were concentrated in that area. According to eyewitness reports, the aircraft, under intense enemy mortar and small-arms fire, shook violently out of control, crashed into a nearby ravine less than a mile (1.6 km) from the end of the airstrip, and burned, killing all of the evacuees and the aircraft's crew of six.


1968 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1968 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 74th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board in 1887. The championship began on 9 June 1968 and ended on 27 April 1969.


1968 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 27 April 1969, Rower-Inistioge won the championship after a 3-09 to 2-07 defeat of Bennettsbridge in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their first ever championship title. It remains their only championship triumph.


1968 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
Rower-Inistioge's Eddie Keher was the championship's top scorer with 3-21.


1968 King's Cup
The 1968 King's Cup finals were held from November 20 to December 2, 1968, in Bangkok. This was the first edition of the international football competition.


1968 King's Cup
The tournament featured a Group Allocation stage, that was used as a draw mechanism for the group stages. The top two in each three team group advanced to the semi-finals.


1968 King's Cup
Indonesia won the tournament defeating Burma in the final. The hosts Thailand, Malaysia, Laos and Singapore were the other teams to play in this tournament.


1968 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election
The 1968 Kingston upon Thames Council election took place on 9 May 1968 to elect members of Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.


1968 LFF Lyga
The 1968 LFF Lyga was the 47th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 16 teams, and Statyba Panevezys won the championship.


1968 LPGA Championship
The 1968 LPGA Championship was the fourteenth LPGA Championship, held June 20–24 at Pleasant Valley Country Club in Sutton, Massachusetts, southeast of Worcester.


1968 LPGA Championship
In an 18-hole Monday playoff, Sandra Post won her only major title, defeating defending champion and LPGA president Kathy Whitworth by seven strokes. Post turned 20 earlier in the month and this was the first of her eight victories on the LPGA Tour. It was the only women's major won by a Canadian for 48 years, until 18-year-old Brooke Henderson won this event in 2016.


1968 LPGA Championship
This was the second consecutive LPGA Championship held at Pleasant Valley, and the second of seven in an eight-year stretch. The PGA Tour also played at the course this year; the inaugural Kemper Open was held in mid-September, won by Arnold Palmer.


1968 LPGA Championship, Final leaderboard
Defending champion Kathy Whitworth sank a three-foot (0.9 m) putt on the final hole to tie Sandra Post and force a Monday playoff. Both shot even-par 73 on Sunday to finish at 294 (+2).


1968 LPGA Tour
The 1968 LPGA Tour was the 19th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from March 14 to December 1. The season consisted of 32 official money events. Carol Mann and Kathy Whitworth won the most tournaments, 10 each. Whitworth led the money list with earnings of $48,379.


1968 LPGA Tour
There were three first-time winners in 1968: Sandra Post, the first Canadian winner, Judy Rankin, and Peggy Wilson.


1968 LPGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1968 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1968 LSU Tigers football team
The 1968 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. The offense scored 221 points while the defense allowed 171 points. The Tigers competed in the inaugural Peach Bowl and beat Florida State, 31–27.


1968 LSU Tigers football team, Schedule
The games vs. TCU and Tulane were designated as conference games by the SEC, since LSU had only four conference opponents on its schedule. Under SEC rules at the time, teams had to play a minimum of six conference games to be eligible for the championship. This rule was repealed in 1969, but reinstated in 1972.


1968 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1968 La Flèche Wallonne was the 32nd edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 21 April 1968. The race started in Liège and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Rik Van Looy of the Willem II–Gazelle team.


1968 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1968 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette tied for third in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and placed last in the Middle Three Conference.


1968 Lafayette Leopards football team
In their second year under head coach Harry Gamble, the Leopards compiled a 7–3 record. Richard Lettieri was the team captain.


1968 Lafayette Leopards football team
At 2–2 against MAC University Division foes, Lafayette tied Lehigh and Temple for third place in the eight-team circuit. Lafayette dropped both of its games against Middle Three rivals, losing to Lehigh and Rutgers.


1968 Lafayette Leopards football team
Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1968 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team
The 1968 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team represented the Lamar State College of Technology in the 1968 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Southland Conference. The Cardinals played their home games at Cardinal Stadium now named Provost Umphrey Stadium in Beaumont, Texas. The team finished the season with a 0–10 overall record and a 0–4 conference record.


1968 Lambeth London Borough Council election
Elections to Lambeth London Borough Council were held in May 1968. The whole council was up for election. Turnout was 29.9%. This election had aldermen as well as councillors. Labour and the Conservatives both got 5 aldermen. Labour lost control of the Council which was under the control of the Conservatives until the next election.


1968 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Starts won the championship.


1968 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon between 24 March and 7 April 1968. Independent candidates won the majority of seats, although many of them were considered to be members of various blocs. Voter turnout was 49.6%. Politically the election was a confrontation between the mainly christian Tripartite Alliance and Chehabists candidates.


1968 Lebanese general election, Background
According to the 1960 constitution, the 99 seats were divided amongst ethnic and religious groups:


1968 Lebanese general election in Akkar District
Voting to elect four members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Akkar District (a rural area in northern Lebanon) in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Two of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Sunni Muslim community, one seat for the Greek Orthodox and one for the Maronites (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). Akkar was the most underdeveloped area of northern Lebanon, politically dominated by landlords. The elections were marred by accusations of vote-buying and minor violent incidents. The constituency had 71,899 eligible voters, out of whom 30,282 voted.


1968 Lebanese general election in Akkar District, Candidates
There were three tickets with four candidates each as well as two candidates running on individual tickets. The battle stood primarily between the Democratic Front ticket of Bashir al-Uthman and the Suleiman al-Ali, who made a comeback after seven years' absence from active politics (he had been accused of masterminding the murder of a political opponent). The third ticket, of lesser important for the outcome, was formed by three landlords without party affiliation and a post-graduate student of Law.


1968 Lebanese general election in Akkar District, Candidates, Democratic Front ticket
The Democratic Front ticket carried the names of Bashir al-Uthman (Sunni landlord, incumbent parliamentarian), Bahij al-Qaddur (Sunni landlord, incumbent parliamentarian), Jacob Sarraf (Greek Orthodox, former minister) and Fakhr Fakhr (Maronite, retired colonel).


1968 Lebanese general election in Akkar District, Candidates, Al-Ali ticket
Suleiman al-Ali was a Sunni landlord. His running mates were Jawdat al-Ibrahim (another Sunni landlord), Ra'uf Hanna (Greek Orthodox landlord and former parliamentarian) and Mikail ad-Dahir (Maronite, lawyer).


1968 Lebanese general election in Akkar District, Results
All of the candidates of the Democratic Front ticket were elected.


1968 Lebanese general election in Batroun District
Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Batroun District in northern Lebanon in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). Batroun District had 24,331 eligible voters, out of whom 9,458 voted. It had the lowest number of eligible as well as actual voters of all constituencies in the country. Seven candidates contested the election. The constituency witnessed a clash of both organized political parties as well as family interests.


1968 Lebanese general election in Batroun District, Candidates, Harb-Aql ticket
John Harb of the National Liberal Party and Sayid Aql of the Lebanese National Bloc contested on a joint ticket. The veteran politician Harb was an incumbent parliamentarian since 1953, whilst his younger running mate Aql was a newcomer to electoral politics. Hailing from a prominent family of the area, Aql was a landowner and a painter.


1968 Lebanese general election in Batroun District, Candidates, Daw-Sa'adah ticket
A second ticket in the fray was formed by Joseph Daw, a lawyer by profession and former candidate in parliamentary elections, and George Sa'adah, a member of the Kataeb Party. Apart from holding doctorates in Law and Political Science, Sa'adah served as the Director-General of the Ministry of Education.


1968 Lebanese general election in Batroun District, Results
Sayid Aql and George Sa'adah were elected, routing the incumbent John Harb.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I
Voting to elect eight members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Beirut I district (one of three electoral districts in the city) on March 24, 1968, part of the national general election of that year. The constituency had 98,439 eligible voters, out of whom 28,631 voted (29.59 percent, the lowest turn-out of all constituencies). The elections in Beirut I passed smoothly without violent incidents.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I
In Beirut I, which comprised the Christian parts of the city, had 3 Armenian Orthodox seats, 1 Armenian Catholic seat, 1 Greek Catholic seat, 1 Greek Orthodox seat, 1 Maronite seat and 1 Protestant seat (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon).


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I
Two tickets competed against each other in the Beirut I constituency. One list was headed by the Kataeb Party chairman Pierre Gemayel and the other was head by Michel Georges Sassine. There were also four candidates outside of the two tickets.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I
The Gemayel ticket won six of the eight seats, whilst the Sassine ticket won two. The Kataeb Party ran a sophisticated and well-organized election campaign. However considering that Beirut I was a stronghold of the Kataeb, it had been expected that Gemayel's candidates won win all the seats up for grabs. Instead two sitting parliamentarians on the Gemayel ticket were defeated. Possibly the fact that Armenian candidates were elected unopposed led to lower participation from Armenian voters (whose Armenian Revolutionary Federation was an ally of Kataeb), weakening the position of the Gemayel ticket.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I, Armenian Orthodox seats
Gemayel's ticket had three Armenian Orthodox candidates, all of them were elected unopposed. The three were affiliated to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and were all incumbent parliamentarians; the 72-year-old Movses Der Kaloustian (the oldest parliamentarian in Lebanon at the time), Khatchig Babikian (lawyer and former minister) and Souren Khanamirian (businessman).


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I, Armenian Catholic seat
Joseph Chader was elected unopposed in the Armenian Catholic seat. A lawyer by profession, Chader was member of parliament since 1951 and vice chairman of the Kataeb Party. He contested the election as a candidate on the Gemayel ticket.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I, Greek Catholic seat
The Greek Catholic seat saw a clash between Antoine Sahnawi from the Gemayel ticket, Nasri Maalouf from the Sassine ticket and the independent candidate Sami Zuryaq. The prominent businessman Sahnawi, an incumbent parliamentarian since 1960 and former Minister of Post Office, was a member of the Democratic Front. Nasri Maalouf was a lawyer and journalist, and had previously served as parliamentarian and minister. He was technically an independent, but closely linked to the National Liberal Party. Nasri Maalouf obtained 14,087 votes, Antoine Sahnawi 12,485 votes and Sami Zurayq 226 votes.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I, Greek Orthodox seat
In the Greek Orthodox seat Michel Georges Sassine confronted Fu'ad Butrus (an independent politician, lawyer by profession, incumbent parliamentarian and former minister contesting on the Gemayel ticket) and Joseph Lahoud of the National Liberal Party. Sassine was a prominent businessman who had tried to run for parliament in 1960. He was not affiliated with any political party. Sassine obtained 14,821 votes against 13,744 for Butrus and 1,116 for Lahoud.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I, Maronite seat
The Sassine ticket had no Maronite candidate. However, the reign of the Kataeb strongman Pierre Gemayel was challenged by independent candidate Salim Wakim. Wakim, 35 years old, had tried to contest the 1964 elections as well but had only mustered nine votes at the time. This time Pierre Gemayel received 24,835 votes against 1,344 votes for Salim Wakim.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I, Protestant seat
The candidate of the Gemayel ticket for the Protestant seat was the Kataeb Party member Samir Ishaq; a young businessman and American University of Beirut graduate. An unknown name in politics, Ishaq had been nominated by the Political Bureau of the Kataeb Party just five weeks before the election.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut I, Protestant seat
Sassine's Protestant candidate was Charles Sa'ad; 66 years old and parliamentarian since 1960. Sa'ad was a member of the Democratic Front. A third Protestant candidate was Yetvart Lushkhajian, an Armenian Protestant businessman vying for public office for the first time. Ishaq obtained 15,997 votes, followed by 11,302 for Sa'ad and 664 for Lushkhajian.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut II
Voting to elect three members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Beirut II district (one of three electoral districts in the city) on March 24, 1968, part of the national general election of that year. The constituency had 34,113 eligible voters, out of whom 17,004 voted.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut II
Beirut II, which was a sort of 'buffer zone' between the Christian and Muslim districts of the city, filled 1 Sunni Muslim seat, 1 Shia Muslim seat and 1 seat for Minorities (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). There was one multi-candidate ticket with three names, headed by Adnan al-Hakim. Twelve other candidates ran on individual tickets.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut II
The elections in Beirut II passed smoothly without violent incidents, but rumours of purchasing of votes flourished. The three candidates on the Adnan al-Hakim ticket were elected, with seven to eight thousand votes apiece. These included Sunni Al-Hakim, the Najjadeh Party chairman; Shiite Abd al-Majid az-Zayn, a retired colonel; and minority representative Farid Jubran, who owned a Beirut auditing firm. Jubran belonged to the National Struggle Front, and later became the vice chairman of the Progressive Socialist Party.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut II
The incumbent parliamentarian and former prime minister Sami as-Solh earned four thousand votes, the highest of the unsuccessful Sunnis. Another member of the as-Sohl family, Taqieddin as-Solh, also vied for the Sunni seat. The remaining two Sunni candidates were 32-year-old Farud Shihab ad-Din and Jamil Mihhu. Notably, Mihhu was the first Kurdish candidate to run for office in Lebanon. Mihhu later became the leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party in Lebanon.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut II
In the Shiite seat the incumbent minister Rashid Baydun lost by only 500 votes. Baydun had previously contested elections in the south and was connected to the southern Shiite leadership. Lawyer Shafiq Nasif (a Latin Catholic) was the main challenger in the Minorities seat. Other candidates in the fray (either Shiite or Minorities) were Yusuf Atiyah, Antoine Malaki, Shukri Qadadu, Thomas Masbarian, Jurj Abaji, and Abd al-Haim ash-Shaykh.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut III
Voting to elect five members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Beirut III district (one of three electoral districts in the city) on March 24, 1968, part of the national general election of that year. The constituency had 75,296 eligible voters, out of whom 30,713 voted.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut III
In Beirut III, consisting of the predominantly Muslim part of the city, had 4 Sunni Muslim seats and 1 Greek Orthodox seat (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon).


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut III, Beiruti Bloc
The main force in the election was the Beiruti Bloc, a coalition of five candidates running on a joint ticket; Abdallah al-Yafi (incumbent Prime Minister, who had taken over for an interim administration to oversee the holding of the elections in February 1968, following Rachid Karami's resignation), Saeb Salam (former prime minister, chairman of the board of Middle East Airlines), Uthman ad-Dana (judge and chairman of the National Labour Movement), Rachid Solh (lawyer by profession) and Nasim Majdalani (candidate for the Greek Orthodox seat). The Beiruti Bloc was the only multi-candidate ticket in the fray in this constituency. Solh, Salam, Majdalani and ad-Dana were incumbent parliamentarians at the time of the election. All of the five candidates, except Solh, were elected. Notably al-Yafi and Salam were rivals for the post of Prime Minister, and had fought each other in previous elections.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut III, Other candidates
The only candidate outside the Beiruti Bloc who got elected was Shafik Wazzan, a lawyer and former leader of the National Front. Wazzan defeated Solh by a margin of merely 20 votes. Notably in the 1964 election the situation had been the opposite, with Solh defeating Wazzan by a slim margin. There were five other Sunni Muslim candidates.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut III, Other candidates
There were three challengers for the Greek Orthodox seat; Edward Hanna, Dib Fallah and the journalist Jubran Akkawi.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut III, Violence
The previous election had been marred with violence in Beirut III. This election also saw some violent incidents. For example, Khalil Shihabuddin was accused of having broken into a house to vandalize al-Yafi hung portraits on its balconies. The incident prompted al-Yafi supporters to counter-mobilize.


1968 Lebanese general election in Beirut III, Voting
In the early hours, few voters went to the polling stations. As the day went on, more and more people cast their votes. An interpretation was that voters were waiting to get approached by the different candidates and bribed.


1968 Lebanese general election in Bsharri District
Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Bsharri District (a rural area in northern Lebanon) in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). Bsharri District had 32,814 eligible voters, out of whom 16,064 voted. Three separate tickets contested the election. The election was carried out without reports of violent incidents.


1968 Lebanese general election in Bsharri District, Candidates
Six candidates contested on three different tickets. The different candidatures represented different family interests in the area.


1968 Lebanese general election in Bsharri District, Results
Habib Kayruz and Qabalan Isa al-Khuri were re-elected, albeit their margins of victory had shrunk compared to the 1964 election.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District
Voting to elect eight members of the Lebanese parliament took place in Chouf District on April 7, 1968, as part of the national general election of that year. Three of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Maronite community, two for the Sunni Muslim, two for the Druze whilst the last seat was allocated to the Greek Catholics (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). The Chouf District constituency had 78,557 eligible voters, out of whom 46,056 voted (the highest number of all constituencies in the country).


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District
All in all Chouf District was one of the most hotly contested constituencies in the election, being the home turf of Camille Chamoun and Kamal Jumblatt. The situation in the constituency was tense (the Jumblatt camp had warned of an armed uprising if Chamoun would have been declared the winner), but the polls went through without violent incidents. However, Jumblatt did accuse 'a large embassy in Beirut' (probably an allusion to the U.S. embassy) of buying votes for Chamoun.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Candidates
24 candidates took part in the election. The contest was mainly between the tickets headed by Chamoun and Jumblatt, with the candidates of the third list lagging far behind in gathering the votes of the local electorate. Camille Chamoun was the leader of the National Liberal Party and a former president of the republic. The Druze strongman Kamal Jumblatt was the leader of the Progressive Socialist Party and the National Struggle Front.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Candidates, Maronite seats
Camille Chamoun sought re-election from the Chouf District. His Maronite running mates were Sami al-Bustani and Halim al-Ghafari. Al-Bustani was an incumbent parliamentarian from the National Liberal Party. Professionally he was an engineer. The lawyer al-Ghafari contested elections for the first time.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Candidates, Maronite seats
Jumblatt fielded three Maronites linked to the National Struggle Front, out of whom one (Aziz Awn) was an incumbent parliamentarian since 1960. The 65-year-old Awn was a physician by profession. The two other Maronite candidates of the National Struggle Front, Suleiman al-Bustani and Fu'ad at-Tahini, were lawyers by profession.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Candidates, Sunni seats
Jumblatt's ticket featured the two incumbent Sunni Muslim parliamentarians from Chouf. The first Sunni Muslim candidate on the Jumblatt ticket was the Minister of Water and Electricity and longtime parliamentarian Anwar al-Khatib. His Sunni running mate was the former diplomat Muhammad al-Barjawi.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Candidates, Sunni seats
Chamoun's Sunni Muslim candidates were Issam al-Hajjar and Hassan al-Qa'qur. The 36-year-old lawyer al-Hajjar had been elected to parliament in the 1960 election, but then as a candidate of Kamal Jumblatt. Al-Qa'qur worked in the civil service, who had made a previous attempt to run for parliament in the 1964 election.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Candidates, Druze seats
Kamal Jumblatt was a traditional Druze leader and landlord. At the time of the 1968 elections, he had only lost his parliamentary seat once. His Druze running mate was Bahij Taqiuddin, lawyer, former minister and incumbent parliamentarian linked to the National Struggle Front. Chamoun's two Druze candidates were the landlord Muhammad Arslan and the engineer Qathan Himadih (the latter was informally linked to the National Liberal Party).


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Candidates, Greek Catholic seat
The incumbent Greek Catholic parliamentarian was Joseph Mghabghab of the National Liberal Party. He ran as the Greek Catholic candidate on Chamoun's ticket. He was challenged by the former parliamentarian Salim Abd an-Nur from the Jumblatt ticket.


1968 Lebanese general election in Chouf District, Results
Five candidates from the Jumblatt ticket and three candidates from the Chamoun ticket were elected.


1968 Lebanese general election in Koura District
Voting to elect two members of the Lebanese parliament took place in the Koura District (a rural area in northern Lebanon) in 1968, part of the national general election of that year. Both of the seats of the constituency were earmarked for the Greek Orthodox community (for more information about the Lebanese election system, see Elections in Lebanon). Koura District had 31,531 eligible voters, out of whom 13,753 voted. Three tickets contested the election. The election was marred by violent incidents and threats.


1968 Lebanese general election in Koura District, Candidates
Filip Bulus and Fuad Ghusn, two incumbent parliamentarians and members of the Democratic Front, ran on a joint ticket. Bulus was a prominent politician and lawyer, first elected to parliament in 1951. He had been appointed as governor of Beirut Governorate in 1966, and served in different ministerial functions. Fuad Ghusn was also a lawyer by profession, educated in Paris. He had served in different ministerial cabinets. The Bulus-Ghusn ticket represented the local elites.


1968 Lebanese general election in Koura District, Candidates
Two physicians, Jamil al-Burji (seen as pro-Communist) and Bakhous Hakim (independent, but linked to the Syrian Social Nationalist Party), ran on a joint ticket. Faruq Talib was another candidate, running on his own.