1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dora
Three deaths and at least $230 million in damage occurred. In Georgia, the storm damaged about 1,135 homes and obliterated five others. Additionally, 18 trailers suffered major impact, while 43 small businesses were destroyed or experienced severe damage. There was one death in the state and at least $9 million in damage. A few other states were affected by the storm, though impact there was much lesser. One death occurred in Virginia. Overall, Dora caused $280 million in damage and five deaths.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel
TIROS observed a large cloud mass near 18°N, 37°W on September 4. It developed into a tropical depression early that day while located about 665 mi (1,070 km) east of Cape Verde. The depression moved west-northwestward and intensified into Tropical Storm Ethel at 18:00 UTC on September 4. Initially, it was suggested that Hurricane Dora could absorb Ethel, as the storms were located 690 mi (1,110 km) apart. On September 7, Ethel strengthened into a hurricane. By early on the following day, it curved westward and continued to slowly deepen, before turning to the north-northwestward on September 11.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel
By late on September 12, the storm curved northeastward and passed to the northeast of Bermuda early the next day, bringing 4.05 in (103 mm) of precipitation and wind gusts up to 70 mph (110 km/h). Throughout the island, low-lying areas were flooded and trees were felled. At St. George's Island, residents were briefly left without electricity and telephones and the causeway linking St. George's Island to the main island was inundated. Early on September 13, Ethel intensified into a Category 2 hurricane and soon peaked with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). The system became extratropical late on September 14, while located about 255 mi (410 km) southeast of Cape Race. Newfoundland. The extratropical remnants slowly weakened while meandering around the Atlantic, until dissipating just north of the Azores on September 17.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence
A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic Ocean from the west coast of Africa on September 5. The wave quickly developed into a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on September 5, while located about 40 mi (64 km) west of Dakar, Senegal. Shortly later, the depression produced squally weather in Cape Verde. The depression then re-curved northwestward and began to intensify. At 00:00 UTC on September 7, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Florence. About twenty four hours later, the storm attained its maximum sustained wind speed of 45 mph (72 km/h). Florence then curved north-northeastward later that day and slowly weakened. A reconnaissance aircraft reported that Florence degenerated into an area of squalls to the south of the Azores at 06:00 UTC on September 10.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gladys
A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 8. Tracking westward, it developed into Tropical Storm Gladys while centered about midway between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde early on September 13. The storm moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on September 14, before weakened back to a tropical storm early the next day. Gladys re-strengthened into a hurricane on September 16. By the next day, the cyclone quickly intensified, briefly peaking as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) around 18:00 UTC. Gladys weakened to a Category 3 early on September 18. Gladys weakened to a Category 2 as it re-curved northward on September 20.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gladys
The storm weakened to a Category 1 as it turned northwestward on September 22 and briefly threatened the East Coast of the United States. However, it veered northeastward on September 23 and moved rapidly toward Atlantic Canada. By 00:00 UTC on September 25, Gladys became extratropical just offshore Newfoundland and promptly dissipated. Along the East Coast of the United States, Gladys produced light rainfall, gusty winds, and storm surge. Coastal flooding was reported in North Carolina and Virginia.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gladys
In the former, high tides inundated homes and buildings with 2 ft (0.61 m) of water in two small villages on the Outer Banks and flooded a highway to Manteo. In the state of Virginia, one death occurred when a man was fatally struck in the throat by debris. Abnormally high tides also affected the Mid-Atlantic, New England, and Atlantic Canada, with tides ranging from 2.2–6.1 ft (0.67–1.86 m) higher than average in Virginia.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda
A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on September 28, while located about 40 mi (64 km) south of Trinidad, Cuba. The depression tracked west-northwestward and struck Isla de la Juventud, Cuba, early on September 29. After briefly re-emerging into the northwestern Caribbean Sea later that day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Hilda at 11:00 UTC on September 29 while making landfall near Sandino, Cuba. By late on September 29, it emerged into the Gulf of Mexico near Cape San Antonio. The storm continued to intensify, reaching hurricane status on September 30.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda
During the following 30 hours, Hilda strengthened significantly and peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 140 mph (230 km/h) late on October 1. It re-curved northward and began weakening due to unfavorable conditions. Around 23:00 UTC on October 3, the storm made landfall near Franklin, Louisiana, as a Category 2 with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). It rapidly weakened inland and became extratropical over southern Mississippi by 12:00 UTC that day. The remnant extratropical low continued eastward and emerged into the Atlantic late on October 5, before dissipating well north of the Bahamas on October 7.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda
In Cuba, the storm caused minor impact, with damage totaling about $1 million. Offshore the United States in the Gulf of Mexico, 13 oil platforms were destroyed and 5 others were damaged beyond repair. Losses to the oil industry reached $100 million. In Louisiana, sustained winds of 90 to 105 mph to (150 to 165 km/h) lashed the Abbeville-Morgan City-New Iberia area. Additionally, several tornadoes in the New Orleans area resulted in significant damage. One tornado near Larose killed 22 people despite being on the ground for only 1–1.5 mi (1.6–2.4 km).


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda
There were 37 fatalities and an estimated 5,000 injuries. Approximately 19,000 homes were damaged in the state, 2,600 of which were severely impacted. Outside of Louisiana, damage was primarily caused by flooding in the Southeastern United States. Impacted worst by flooding was North Carolina, where 2,000 homes and buildings suffered water damage and one death was reported. Throughout the United States, the storm caused 38 fatalities and $125 million in losses.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Isbell
A diffused frontal trough developed into a tropical depression in the western Caribbean on October 9. The depression initially remained disorganized as it track northwestward, but strengthened into Tropical Storm Isbell at 12:00 UTC on October 11. Re -curving northeastward, Isbell quickly strengthened further and reached hurricane status about 24 hour alter. The storm briefly became a Category 2 just before making landfall in Sandino, Cuba, with winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) at 19:00 UTC on October 13.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Isbell
Hilda briefly weakened to a Category 1, but strengthened into a Category 3 and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) at 12:00 UTC on October 14. The cyclone weakened to a Category 2 prior to making landfall near Everglades City, Florida, with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). Early on October 15, Isbell weakened to a Category 1 hurricane and then emerged into the Atlantic near Jupiter, Florida. Isbell curved northwestward on October 16, weakening to a tropical storm just before making landfall in Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). The storm quickly became extratropical and was soon absorbed by another extratropical cyclone over North Carolina late on October 16.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Isbell
The storm produced strong winds throughout western Cuba. Hundreds of homes were destroyed, as were several tobacco warehouses. There were four deaths in Cuba, three of them caused by collapsing houses in the Guane area. Isbell was responsible for three deaths and approximately $10 million in damage in Cuba. Several tornadoes in Florida caused significant damage overall. Throughout the state, 1 house was destroyed, 33 otheres were severely damage, and 631 others suffered minor impact. Additionally, 66 trailers were destroyed and 88 were inflicted with major damage.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Isbell
Three deaths occurred in the state, one due to a heart attack and two from drowning in Florida Keys when their shrimp boat sank. Because the storm weakened considerably, impact in North Carolina was generally minor. The storm also spawned at least six tornadoes in the state, which demolished trailers and unroofed homes and other buildings in several communities. Damage throughout the United States totaled $10 million.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Thirteen
An area of disturbed weather within the ITCZ developed into a tropical depression early on November 5, while located about 135 mi (215 km) north-northwest of Colón, Panama. The depression strengthened slowly, reaching tropical storm status on November 6. Thereafter, it curved westward towards Central America. Early on November 7, the storm made landfall near Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Several hours later, it weakened to a tropical depression along the north coast of Honduras early on November 8, shortly before re-emerging into the Caribbean. The storm did not re-intensify and made landfall in Belize on November 9. It dissipated early on the following day.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Thirteen
In Nicaragua, winds and heavy rainfall caused significant crop damage, especially to bananas. Many residents living near the Caratasca Lagoon evacuated. The entire town of Caukira was flooded, with five small houses completely destroyed. Tides were as high as 18 ft (5.5 m) above-normal. In Puerto Castilla, large amounts of precipitation caused flooding and destroyed a bridge, leaving part of the population out of communication. Another bridge collapsed in the town of Rus-Rus. Strong winds and heavy rainfall also resulted in "considerable damage" on the Bay Islands. Overall, the storm resulted in about $5 million in damage.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
In addition to the thirteen tropical storms, TIROS VII monitored two systems operationally considered tropical depressions – one on July 15 at  and another on September 19 at . However, a re-examination of the satellite imagery as part of the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project did not depict tropical depressions, while ship data was unavailable for either potential cyclone. Thus, it could not be confirmed that either system became a tropical cyclone.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names
The following names were used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 1964. This is the same list used in the 1960 season with the exception of Dora, which replaced Donna. A storm was named Isbell for the first time in 1964. The names Cleo, Dora, and Hilda were later retired and replaced with Candy, Dolly, and Hannah, respectively, in the 1968 season. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.


1964 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects
The following table lists all of the storms that have formed in the 1964 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s) (in parentheses), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1964 USD.


1964 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1964 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 73rd overall and 31st season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph "Shug" Jordan, in his 14th year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of six wins and four losses (6–4 overall, 3–3 in the SEC).


1964 Australia Cup
The 1964 Australia Cup was the third season of the Australia Cup, which was the main national association football knockout cup competition in Australia.


1964 Australia Cup Final
The 1964 Australia Cup Final was the third Australia Cup Final, the final match of the 1964 Australia Cup. It was played at Olympic Park Stadium in Melbourne, Australia, on 1 November 1964, contested by George Cross and APIA Leichhardt. George Cross won the match 3–2 after extra time, with one goal each from Archie Campbell and two own goals.


1964 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1964 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand  was a series of eight matches played by the Australia national rugby union team in August 1964.


1964 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The "Wallabies " lost the series, winning one test out of three against the All Blacks but losing the other two. So the Bledisloe Cup, contested for the first time since 1962, remain owned by New Zealand.


1964 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The tour was one of the highlights of the successful "Thornett Era" of Australian Rugby, buoyed by the leadership skills of skipper John Thornett and the outstanding skills of greats of the game like Ken Catchpole, Peter Johnson and Rob Heming. Dick Marks and Peter Crittle also toured and would later become among the most influential administrators of Australian rugby.


1964 Australian Championships
The 1964 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Australia from 4 January to 13 January. It was the 52nd edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 6th held in Brisbane, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Roy Emerson and Margaret Smith.


1964 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles
Bob Hewitt /  Fred Stolle defeated  Roy Emerson /  Ken Fletcher 6–4, 7–5, 3–6, 4–6, 14–12


1964 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles
Judy Tegart /  Lesley Turner defeated  Robyn Ebbern /   Margaret Smith 6–4, 6–4


1964 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles
Margaret Smith /  Ken Fletcher defeated  Jan Lehane /  Mike Sangster 6–3, 6–2


1964 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
First-seeded Roy Emerson defeated Fred Stolle 6–3, 6–4, 6-2 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1964 Australian Championships.


1964 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Roy Emerson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1964 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Margareth Smith was the four-time defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Lesley Turner 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1964 Australian Championships.


1964 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Margareth Smith is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1964 Australian Drivers' Championship
The 1964 Australian Drivers' Championship was open to drivers of Racing Cars complying with either the Australian National Formula or with the Australian 1½ Litre Formula. The title was contested over a five-round series.


1964 Australian Drivers' Championship
Points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six Australian resident place-getters in each round with the championship winner awarded the 1964 CAMS "Gold Star".


1964 Australian Formula 2 Championship
The 1964 Australian Formula 2 Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing title for racing cars complying with Australian Formula 2. The championship was contested over a single 30 lap, 90 mile race staged at the Lowood circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 June 1964. It was the first Australian Formula 2 Championship.


1964 Australian Formula 2 Championship
The championship was won by Greg Cusack  driving an Elfin FJ Ford Cosworth


1964 Australian Grand Prix
The 1964 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Sandown Park circuit in suburban Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 9 February 1964. It was the twenty ninth Australian Grand Prix and was also Round 5 of the 1964 Tasman Series and Round 1 of the 1964 Australian Drivers' Championship. The race was open to Racing Cars complying with the Australian National Formula or the Australian 1½ Litre Formula.


1964 Australian Grand Prix
Defending winner Jack Brabham won the race driving a Repco Brabham. It was his third and final Australian Grand Prix victory.


1964 Australian Grand Prix, In popular culture
A "science-fiction" version of the 1964 Australian Grand Prix was depicted five years before it took place in the American film On the Beach (1959), based on the Nevil Shute novel of the same name.


1964 Australian One and a Half Litre Championship
The 1964 Australian One and a Half Litre Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for drivers of Australian 1½ Litre Formula racing cars. The title was contested over a 34 lap, 76½ miles (123 km) race held at the Warwick Farm circuit in New South Wales, Australia on 6 September 1964. This was the first national title for the Australian 1½ Litre Formula which was in its first year of existence.


1964 Australian One and a Half Litre Championship, Results
Note: Leo Geoghegan damaged his Lotus 27 during Saturday practice after recording the second fastest time. He did not start in the race.


1964 Australian Senate election
Elections were held on 5 December 1964 to elect members to half of the 60 seats in the Australian Senate. There was no accompanying election to the House of Representatives, as Robert Menzies had called an early House-only election the previous year. As with the previous Senate election, the Coalition held exactly half of the seats in the chamber; the Democratic Labor Party and independent senator Reg Turnbull held the balance of power.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship
The 1964 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of Appendix J Touring Cars and Group E Series Production Touring Cars. The championship, which was the fifth Australian Touring Car Championship, was contested over a single race staged at the Lakeside International Raceway in Queensland, Australia, on 26 July 1964. The race was won by Ian Geoghegan, the first of his five Australian Touring Car Championship titles. Geoghegan drove a Ford Cortina GT in what was the first Australian Touring Car Championship victory for a Ford driver and the first time that a Jaguar driver did not win the title.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
Lakeside's proximity to Brisbane ensured a large crowd as for the first time the race appeared wide open with many fancied runners. The Jaguars had faded, although Bob Jane's Mark 2 was a potential front runner, partly due to the rise of the Ford Cortina in either its GT specification or the Lotus-tuned version, of which only Jim McKeown's was ready in time for the race. For the first time Holden was a front runner with the S4 version of the EH. In the lead up to the race Ian Geoghegan rolled and destroyed his Cortina and a factory test car was driven up from Melbourne to get him back into the race.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
Qualifying consisted of four ten lap heats, with cars sorted based on engine capacity. Only twenty places were available on the grid, with times from the heats deciding which drivers qualified for the race. The first heat, for cars up to 1300cc, was won by Peter Manton, just ahead of Brian Foley and Ron Clarke. John French, Steve Harvey, Richard Arblaster and Brendan Hare also qualified. The second heat, for cars between 1300 and 2000cc, saw McKeown take victory of Geoghegan after the two collided early on. Harry Firth, Glyn Scott and Brian Michelmore were the other qualifiers.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
The third heat was for cars between 2000 and 2600cc and was won by Barry Seton ahead of Des West, Bob Lidgate and Malcolm Bailey. Bruce Neville and John Reilly both crashed during the heat, while Warren Weldon suffered gearbox problems. The final heat was for cars over 2600cc. Jane took an easy win ahead of Brian Muir, Norm Beechey and Clem Smith. Despite qualifying for the race, Lidgate withdrew to allow Weldon on to the grid. McKeown gained pole position ahead of Geoghegan, Jane, Muir, Beechey and Manton.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
Muir, Jane and Beechey made the best of the start and took up the top three positions ahead of Geoghegan and McKeown. McKeown was able to pass Geoghegan for fourth by the end of the first lap, with the top five pulling away from the rest of the field. McKeown then passed Beechey and Jane on the next two laps to move into second, while Smith crashed on lap 2. Michelmore retired with mechanical problems on lap 5. McKeown took the lead from Muir on lap 7, while Beechey and Geoghegan were battling hard for fourth. Firth had dropped eight seconds behind the top five at this stage, while Weldon had made his way from the back of the grid to thirteenth.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
Jane moved into second place on lap 11 and took the lead on the following lap when McKeown made a mistake and dropped to third behind Muir. Weldon locked a brake on lap 15, hitting the bank and rolling his car on its side just short of where Smith had crashed earlier. Five laps later, McKeown, under pressure from Beechey, clipped Weldon's car and spun into the fence. Meanwhile, Jane was building a lead over Muir, which got out to over 100 metres, before his car began suffering from a clutch problem on lap 31.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
Muir took the lead and Geoghegan and Beechey both passed Jane on the following lap. Muir led for the next six laps until his left-rear tyre went soft and he pitted for a replacement. While fetching the spare wheel, one crewman accidentally handed his motel keys to another crewman trying to open the boot lid. The delay cost Muir two laps and his chance of victory.


1964 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
Beechey held the lead under increasing pressure from Geoghegan, who was able to take the lead on lap 43. Geoghegan held on for the last seven laps to take the win, just 1.2 seconds ahead of Beechey. Jane, despite his clutch problems, finished in third, thirty seconds behind, while Foley and Manton were the last finishers on the lead lap. Scott, Muir, French, Seton and Firth completed the top ten.


1964 Australian Tourist Trophy
The 1964 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Longford Circuit in Tasmania, Australia on 29 February 1964. It was the eighth annual Australian Tourist Trophy race. The race was open to sports cars as defined by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) in its Appendix C regulations, and it was recognized by CAMS as the Australian championship for sports cars. It was won by Frank Matich driving a Lotus 19B.


1964 Australian Tourist Trophy, Results, Race Statistics
Stillwell was the first competitor to finish however he was disqualified for having received a push-start prior to the commencement of the race.


1964 Austrian Grand Prix
The 1964 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One World Championship motor race held at Zeltweg Airfield on August 23, 1964. It was race 7 of 10 in both the 1964 World Championship of Drivers and the 1964 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 105-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Lorenzo Bandini after he started from seventh position. Richie Ginther finished second for the BRM team and Brabham driver Bob Anderson came in third. This was the debut World Championship race of the future world champion Jochen Rindt.


1964 BC Lions season
The 1964 BC Lions finished the season in first place in the Western Conference with an 11–2–3 record, the fewest losses in one season in team history. Of the eight retired numbers in team history, four of those players played on the 1964 team. The Lions began the season undefeated in ten games and were 10–1–1 against western opponents. The Lions' defense was, once again, outstanding as they allowed a team record 10.5 points and 245 yards per game. Joe Kapp would lead the CFL is passing with 2816 yards through the air and 194 completions.


1964 BC Lions season
The Lions won the Western Finals over Calgary, taking two games to one, sending them to the Grey Cup  Once again, the Lions met the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the 52nd Grey Cup in a rematch of the previous year's game. After taking a 34–8 lead into the fourth quarter, the Lions cruised to their first championship by a score of 34–24 on the heels of defensive back and backup fullback Bill Munsey's two touchdown performance. Converted defensive back By Bailey, who scored the first touchdown in Lions' history, retired after the game, ending his 11-year CFL career.


1964 BC Lions season
The Lions had six CFL All-stars, including quarterback Joe Kapp, offensive tackle Lonnie Dennis, defensive tackle Mike Cacic, defensive end Dick Fouts, middle guard Tom Brown, and Bill Munsey at defensive back.


1964 BC Lions season
The Schenley for the CFL's Most Outstanding Lineman went to defensive lineman Tom Brown for a second season in a row.


1964 BC Lions season, Playoffs, Grey Cup
52nd Annual Grey Cup Game: Exhibition Stadium – Toronto, Ontario


1964 BRDC International Trophy
The 16th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 2 May 1964 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 52 laps of the Silverstone Grand Prix circuit, and was won by Australian driver Jack Brabham in his own Brabham BT7.


1964 BYU Cougars football team
The 1964 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Tommy Hudspeth, the Cougars compiled a 3–6–1 record (0–4 against conference opponents), finished fifth in the WAC, and were outscored by a combined total of 210 to 173.


1964 BYU Cougars football team
Quarterback Virgil Carter led the team with 1,154 passing yards, 1,542 yards of total offense, and 32 points scored. Other statistical leaders included John Ogden with 770 rushing yards and Bruce Smith with 470 receiving yards.


1964 Baihe earthquake
The 1964 Baihe earthquake (Chinese: 1964年白河大地震; pinyin: 1964 nián Báihé dà dìzhèn), also known as the Great Baihe earthquake, measured 6.3 local magnitude, and occurred at 20:04 CST (UTC+8) on 18 January in Baihe Township of Tainan County (now part of Tainan City), Taiwan. The hypocenter of the earthquake was 20 kilometers deep. The earthquake killed 106 people, destroyed 10,924 buildings, and caused a great fire in Chiayi City. It was the sixth deadliest earthquake in 20th century Taiwan, and the third deadliest post-World War II, after the 921 earthquake and the 2016 Taiwan earthquake.


1964 Baihe earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake struck at 20:05 on Saturday 18 January 1964, affecting the heavily populated Chiayi-Tainan plain (Chianan Plain) area of central-southern Taiwan. The epicentre was near the town of Baihe, in northeastern Tainan County and at a focal depth of 20 km. It was the most serious historical quake resulting from a rupture in the Chukou Fault (Chinese: 觸口斷層; pinyin: Chùkǒu duàncéng).


1964 Baihe earthquake, Damage
According to Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau, the casualties and damage were as follows:


1964 Baihe earthquake, Damage
The cost of repairing the damage to public buildings in Tainan County alone was estimated at NT$191 million (in 1964 New Taiwan Dollars).


1964 Baihe earthquake, Damage
The effects of the quake depended on the ground on which buildings stood. On the softer ground of Baihe and Dongshan, Tainan, concrete structures fared better than wooden ones, whereas on the harder earth of Nansi and Yujing the reverse was true, with concrete buildings suffering more damage.


1964 Baihe earthquake, Damage
In Chiayi City the damage from the earthquake was not so severe, however there was some damage, mainly to older, structurally weak wooden houses. The main cause of disaster in Chiayi was the fire that resulted from the quake. Aftershocks meant that residents and firefighters feared to approach the blaze to tackle it, thus letting it spread until it consumed 174 households in central Chiayi.


1964 Baihe earthquake, Response
There was no official disaster management policy in effect in Taiwan at the time – relief and reconstruction was carried out on an ad hoc basis by the military and police forces. The earthquake forced a rethink of this lack, and the following year the Standard Procedure for Natural Disaster Assistance was promulgated by the Taiwan Provincial Government.


1964 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1964 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Ray Louthen, the team compiled a 5–3 record (4–2 against ICC opponents) and finished in an unprecedented five-way tie for the ICC championship.


1964 Ballon d'Or
The 1964 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Denis Law from Manchester United, the first Scotsman to win the honour.


1964 Baltimore Colts season
The 1964 Baltimore Colts season was the 12th season for the team in the National Football League. The Colts finished the regular season with a record of 12 wins and 2 losses and finished first in the Western Conference. It was their first conference title since 1959, clinched on November 22 with three games remaining.


1964 Baltimore Colts season
After an opening loss at Minnesota, the Colts won eleven straight, dropped a home game in December to Detroit, then easily won the finale with Washington.


1964 Baltimore Colts season
Baltimore met the Cleveland Browns (10–3–1) of the Eastern Conference in the NFL Championship Game in Cleveland, won by the underdog Browns, 27–0.


1964 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Schedule
^ The game with the Cardinals in week 5 was scheduled to be played at St. Louis, but was shifted to Baltimore when the baseball Cardinals reached the World Series, preempting football use of Busch Stadium during the Series. Note: Intra-conference opponents are in bold text.


1964 Baltimore Colts season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1964 Baltimore Colts season, Postseason
After Baltimore's 12–2 regular season, they traveled to Cleveland to take on the Browns (10–3–1) for the NFL title on December 27. The host team was alternated between the conferences, Eastern in even-numbered seasons and Western in the odd-numbered. This was the third championship game appearance for the Colts since joining the NFL in 1953, and they entered the game as seven-point favorites. Both teams had two weeks to prepare: the first half was uneventful and scoreless, but the home underdog Browns scored seventeen points in the third quarter in their 27–0 rout of the Colts.


1964 Baltimore Orioles season
The 1964 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing 3rd in the American League with a record of 97 wins and 65 losses, two games behind the AL champion New York Yankees. Baltimore spent 92 days in first place during the season before relinquishing that position on September 18.


1964 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Barking London Borough Council election
The 1964 Barking Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Barking London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained control of the council.


1964 Barking London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Municipal Borough of Barking and Municipal Borough of Dagenham. These boroughs were joined to form the new London Borough of Barking by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Barking London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 130 candidates stood in the election for the 49 seats being contested across 12 wards. These included a full slate from the Labour party, while the Conservative and Liberal parties stood 41 and 25 respectively. Other candidates included 10 from the Communist party, 4 Residents and 1 Independent Liberal. There were 11 four-seat wards and 1 five-seat ward.


1964 Barking London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. Labour got all 8 aldermen.


1964 Barking London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Barking London Borough Council election, Results
The results saw Labour gain the new council with a majority of 41 after winning 45 of the 49 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 29.1%. This turnout included 228 postal votes.


1964 Barnet London Borough Council election
The 1964 Barnet Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Barnet London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party  gained control of the council.


1964 Barnet London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Municipal Borough of Finchley, Municipal Borough of Hendon, Barnet Urban District, East Barnet Urban District and Friern Barnet Urban District. These boroughs and districts were joined to form the new London Borough of Barnet by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Barnet London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 175 candidates stood in the election for the 56 seats being contested across 30 wards. These included a full slate from the Conservative and Labour parties, while the Liberals stood at least one candidate in each ward. Other candidates included 7 from the Communist party and 1 independent. There were 13 three-seat wards (the former boroughs of Finchley and Hendon) and 17 one-seat wards (the former urban districts of Barnet, East Barnet and Friern Barnet).


1964 Barnet London Borough Council election, Background
This election also had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. The Conservatives got 6 aldermen, Labour 2 and the Liberals 1.


1964 Barnet London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Barnet London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw the Conservatives gain the new council with a majority of 24 after winning 37 of the 56 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 46.1%. This turnout included 1,332 postal votes.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1964 followed the system introduced for even-number years in 1962. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players with provision for a second, "runoff" election in the event of no player receiving enough votes for induction. The runoff was necessary this year, with Luke Appling the winner. Further, the eligibility of retired players was reduced from having retired 30 years prior to election to 20 years prior.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Meanwhile, the Veterans Committee was meeting annually to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players. It selected six people: Red Faber, Burleigh Grimes, Miller Huggins, Tim Keefe, Heinie Manush, and John Montgomery Ward. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 27, 1964, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1944 or later, but not after 1958. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Voters were instructed to cast votes for up to 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. A total of 58 players received votes; 201 ballots were cast, with 151 votes required for election. A total of 1,632 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.12 per ballot.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
No one reached the threshold so there was a runoff election featuring the 30 leading candidates. There would be one winner  regardless of numerical support on the second ballot; in fact, winner Luke Appling tallied 189 of 201 votes or 94%. A total of 939 individual votes were cast in the runoff, an average of 4.67 per ballot.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Candidates who were eligible for the first time are indicated here with a dagger (†). Candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics. Al López was later elected as a manager.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Chuck Klein, Lloyd Waner, Pepper Martin, Leo Durocher, and Lon Warneke were on the ballot for the final time.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The runoff results show that voters in the second election concentrated their support on the four leaders. Primary results indicate significant gains among returning candidates, with eight players gaining 20 percentage points or more. Between 1962 and 1964, the Hall of Fame reduced eligibility for players to be voted on by the BBWAA from having been retired for at most 30 years to those who had been retired for at most 20 years. This removed numerous popular candidates, including Sam Rice, who had received the most votes among players not elected.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Among the 17 candidates to receive at least 10% of the vote in 1962, nine were no longer eligible due to the rule change. Combined with the two candidates who were elected, this meant that of the 17 candidates to receive 10% or more in 1962, only six were appearing on this ballot.


1964 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, J. G. Taylor Spink Award
Ring Lardner (1885–1933) received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. The award was voted at the December 1963 meeting of the BBWAA, and included in the summer 1964 ceremonies.


1964 Baylor Bears football team
The 1964 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach John Bridgers, the Bears compiled a 5–5 record (4–3 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 176 to 162. They played their home games at Baylor Stadium in Waco, Texas.


1964 Baylor Bears football team
The team's statistical leaders included Terry Southall with 1,623 passing yards, Tom Davies with 401 rushing yards, and Larry Elkins with 851 receiving yards and 42 points scored. Bobby R. Maples and James W. Rust were the team captains.


1964 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1964 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 14 June 1964. It was race 3 of 10 in both the 1964 World Championship of Drivers and the 1964 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1964 Belgian Grand Prix
Jim Clark gained a surprise victory, due to Dan Gurney running out of fuel while leading most of the race, Graham Hill retiring while leading on the last two laps, and had also just managed to hold off Bruce McLaren at the flag. This was also Clark's third consecutive victory in Belgium. Peter Revson was disqualified because he received a push start after his engine cut out.


1964 Bexley London Borough Council election
The 1964 Bexley Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Bexley London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained control of the council.


1964 Bexley London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Municipal Borough of Bexley, Municipal Borough of Erith, Chislehurst and Sidcup Urban District and Crayford Urban District. These boroughs and districts were joined to form the new London Borough of Bexley by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Bexley London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 157 candidates stood in the election for the 56 seats being contested across 20 wards. These included a full slate from the Labour party, while the Conservative and Liberal parties stood 50 and 47 respectively. Other candidates included 3 Independents and 1 Communist. There were 13 three-seat wards, 4 two-seat wards, 2 four-seat wards and 1 single-seat ward.


1964 Bexley London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. Labour got 7 aldermen and the Conservatives 2.


1964 Bexley London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Bexley London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw Labour gain the new council with a majority of 22 after winning 39 of the 56 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 47.1%. This turnout included 1,126 postal votes.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1964 Big Ten Conference football season was the 69th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1964 NCAA University Division football season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Bump Elliott, won the Big Ten football championship, compiled a 9–1 record, led the conference in both scoring offense (23.5 points per game) and scoring defense (8.3 points allowed per game), was ranked No. 4 in the final AP and UPI polls, and defeated Oregon State, 34–7, in the 1965 Rose Bowl. Quarterback Bob Timberlake received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the Big Ten's most valuable player.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1964 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, finished in second place with a 7–2 record and was ranked No. 9 in the final AP and UPI polls. Four Ohio State defensive players (Jim Davidson, Ed Orazen, Ike Kelley and Arnie Chonko) received first-team All-American honors.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season
The Big Ten's individual statistical leaders included Iowa's Gary Snook with 2,062 passing yards, Illinois' Jim Grabowski with 1,004 rushing yards, and Iowa's Karl Noonan with 933 receiving yards. Illinois' center/linebacker Dick Butkus was the Big Ten's only consensus first-team All-American, finished third in voting for the 1964 Heisman Trophy, and was the first Big Ten player selected in the 1965 NFL Draft with the third overall pick.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1964 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1964 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason
On December 14, 1963, Ara Parseghian resigned as Northwestern's head football coach to take the same job at Notre Dame. Assistant coach Alex Agase was hired as his replacement at Northwestern.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason
Illinois came into the 1964 season as the favorite to win the conference championship. The 1963 Illinois team was both the Big Ten and Rose Bowl champion and had stars Dick Butkus and Jim Grabowski as returning veterans. Ohio State and Michigan were expected to be the toughest challengers to Illinois.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 19
On September 19, 1964, two Big Ten teams began their season with victories over non-conference opponents.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 26
On September 26, 1964, all ten conference saw action in one conference game and eight non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in five victories and three losses, giving the conference a 7–3 record against conference opponents to that point in the season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 3
On October 3, 1964, nine Big Ten teams saw action in two conference games and five non-conference games. Wisconsin had a bye week. The non-conference games resulted in four victories and one loss, giving the conference a 10–4 record against conference opponents to that point in the season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 10
On October 10, 1964, all 10 conference team met in five conference games. Heading into the October 10 games, four Big Ten teams were ranked in the top ten of that week's AP Poll: Illinois at No. 2; Ohio State at No. 4; Michigan at No. 7; and Michigan State at No. 9.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 17
On October 17, 1964, the 10 conference teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in one victory and one loss, giving the conference an 11–5 record against conference opponents to that point in the season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 24
On October 24, 1964, the 10 conference teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two victories, giving the conference a 13–5 record against conference opponents to that point in the season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 31
On October 31, 1964, all 10 conference teams met in conference games.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 7
On November 7, 1964, the 10 conference teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two losses, giving the conference a 13–7 record against conference opponents to that point in the season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 14
On November 14, 1964, the 10 conference teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two losses, giving the conference a 13–9 record against conference opponents to that point in the season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 21
On November 21, 1964, nine conference teams played four conference games and one non-conference game. Northwestern had a bye week. The non-conference game resulted in a loss, giving the conference a 13–8 record against conference opponents to that point in the season.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
On January 1, 1965, Michigan (ranked No. 4 in the final AP Poll) played in the 1965 Rose Bowl, defeating the Oregon State Beavers (ranked No. 8), 34–7. The game marked Michigan's fourth appearance in the Rose Bowl. In its three prior appearances (1902, 1948, and 1951), Michigan was 3–0 and had outscored opponents 112–6. Michigan was selected as an 11-point favorite over Oregon State.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
After a scoreless first quarter, Oregon State took a 7–0 lead with a five-yard touchdown pass from Paul Brothers to Doug McDougal. Later in the second quarter, Michigan scored its first touchdown of the game on an 84-yard run by Mel Anthony. Anthony's run broke the Rose Bowl record for the longest run from scrimmage. Dick Sygar missed the extra point, and Oregon State led 7–6. On Michigan's next drive, Carl Ward ran 43 yards for a touchdown. Michigan missed an attempted two-point conversion on an incomplete pass from Bob Timberlake to Ben Farabee, and Michigan led 12–7 at halftime.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
In the second half, Michigan's defense shut out the Beavers, 22 to 0. Mel Anthony, who scored three touchdowns in the game, was named the player of the game. Michigan totaled 332 rushing yards, including 123 by Anthony and 88 by Carl Ward. The Michigan defense held Oregon State to 64 rushing yards in the game.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
After studying game film from the Rose Bowl, Oregon State coach Tommy Prothro said he was convinced that the 1964 Michigan team was "the greatest football team he has ever seen." Prothro added, "The pictures are really interesting. There were times when our players blasted Michigan players at full speed and only wound up flat on their backs with the other people on top of them. I've never seen such hitting."


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments
On December 1, 1964, both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI) released their final college football polls. Both the AP and UPI picked Alabama (which went on to lose to Texas in the 1965 Orange Bowl) at the No. 1 spot, Michigan at No. 4 and Ohio State at No. 9. Two other Big Ten schools were ranked in the UPI's second ten, Illinois at No. 15 and Michigan State at No. 20.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments
On December 22, 1964, Phil Dickens resigned as Indiana's head football coach and was given a new position as the university's general manager of off-campus physical facilities. In seven seasons, he compiled a 20-41-2 record with the Hoosiers. Due to over-zealous recruiting, he had been suspended for the 1957 season, and the team had been placed on probation from 1960 to 1963.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders
The Big Ten's individual statistical leaders for the 1964 season include the following:


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press International (UPI) as first-team players on the 1964 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
At the end of the 1964 season, Big Ten players secured only one of the consensus first-team picks for the 1964 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-American was:


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
Other Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
On December 3, 1964, the Heisman Trophy was awarded to John Huarte of Notre Dame. Two Big Ten players finished among the top four in the voting for the trophy. They were: Illinois center/linebacker Dick Butkus (third) and Michigan quarterback Bob Timberlake (fourth).


1964 Big Ten Conference football season, 1965 NFL Draft
The following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1965 NFL Draft:


1964 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1964 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.


1964 Birthday Honours
The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen. They were announced on 13 June 1964 for the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Sierra Leone, and Jamaica.


1964 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1964 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1964 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 13 June 1964.


1964 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1964 Bluebonnet Bowl
The 1964 Bluebonnet Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and the Ole Miss Rebels.


1964 Bluebonnet Bowl, Background
After finishing 1st in the SEC three out of the last four years, the Rebels fell to 7th place in the Southeastern Conference, the first season without finishing 1st-4th since finishing 11th in 1950. This was the 8th straight bowl appearance for the Rebels, in their first ever Bluebonnet Bowl. The Golden Hurricane finished 2nd in the Missouri Valley Conference after losing to Cincinnati earlier in the year. One highlight was Jerry Rhome, a quarterback who finished 2nd in the Heisman Trophy vote by a close margin. The Golden Hurricane were invited to their first bowl since 1953.


1964 Bluebonnet Bowl, Game summary
Jim Weatherly gave the Rebels a 7–0 lead in the second quarter on his 1-yard plunge into the endzone. But the lead would not last long. Jerry Rhome culminated a 72-yard, 8 play drive on a touchdown run of his own to make it 7–7 at halftime. Midway through the third quarter, Rhome struck again, throwing a touchdown pass of 35 yards to Eddie Fletcher. From there on, Tulsa's defense held firm, holding Mississippi to less than 250 yards. In losing efforts, Weatherly went 16-of-24, but threw for only 113 yard while throwing 2 interceptions. Mike Dennis rushed for 73 yards on 17 carries while catching nine passes for 114 yards. For the Golden Hurricane, Rhome went 22-of-36 for 252 yards and rushed for 29 yards on 22 carries, scoring both Tulsa touchdowns. This was Tulsa's first bowl win since 1944.


1964 Bluebonnet Bowl, Aftermath
Tulsa returned to the Bluebonnet Bowl the following year, but lost. The Golden Hurricane did not win another bowl game until 1991.


1964 Bolivian Primera División
The 1964 Bolivian Primera División, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams. The champion was The Strongest.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état
1964 Bolivian coup d'état in Bolivia was a coup under the leadership of Vice-president René Barrientos and Bolivian Army commander-in-chief Alfredo Ovando Candía against the President Víctor Paz Estenssoro, leader of the Bolivian National Revolution of 1952, who recently had been re-elected for his third term in office.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, Prelude
Between 1960 and 1964, the United States increased its aid to Bolivia under the Alliance for Progress by 600%, giving US$205 million in economic aid and US$23 million in various loans. The first 35 Peace Corps volunteers arrived in early 1962. The increase in world tin prices also helped to stabilize Bolivia's economy, which had been near collapse during the first revolutionary presidency of Paz Estenssoro. Between 1961 and 1965 the Bolivian GNP rose by average 5.7% annually.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, Prelude
As successive Presidential terms were allowed by the Constitutional amendments of 1961, Paz Estenssoro decided to run for the third term. The leftist vice-president Juan Lechin (1960–64), who himself wanted to run for president in 1964, was forced to resign as vice-president and then sent as ambassador to Italy by Estenssoro. On December 5, 1963 left wing supporters of Lechin resigned from the government. By this time Lechin split from the MNR and formed Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, Prelude
When Paz Estenssoro jailed several militant labour activists, miners in Catavi mines responded by seizing a group of hostages, including four US citizens. The crisis was resolved after Lechin's mediation. This event marked a break in alliance between the Paz Estenssoro's MNR and miners, which had begun in 1942.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, Prelude
The Bolivian army, which had been rebuilt and increased in size during recent years, provided an alternative power base to Paz Estenssoro. After some hesitation, air force general Barrientos was picked by Paz Estenssoro as his running mate for the May 1964 elections, and army became more involved in the politics.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, Prelude
During the next six months internal unrest steadily increased, as miners went on strike and rioted. Various politicians, including Lechin, asked Barrientos to intervene. In late October, Paz Estenssoro asked the army to quell a miner uprising near Oruro. After armed clashes between the army and miners on October 28, Barrientos and Ovando decided to strike and launched their coup in November 3.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, Coup
The coup began early on November 3, when troops of the Ingavi regiment rebelled in La Paz. By the evening all the major military units had backed the coup and on in the afternoon of November 4 Paz Estenssoro with his family was exiled to Lima, as Barrientos and Ovando established their junta. Some sporadic clashes between worker's militia and army were reported, but they soon subsided. It was Ovando who publicly announced formation of the junta but by the evening of the 4th the more popular and constitutionally acceptable vice-president Barrientos emerged as the leader.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, After the coup
As Paz Estenssoro with his US supported economic policies had alienated radical miners, and with his third term other MNR politicians, former MNR leaders Lechin and Guevara supported the coup, with Guevara becoming the Foreign Minister in 1967.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, After the coup
One week after the coup Barrientos demanded that miner and worker militias surrender the weapons that they had had since the Revolution of April 9, 1952. Prolonged conflicts with miners followed. In order to reduces the losses of state-owned mines, miner's salaries were reduced by 50%. César Lora, leader of the miners from Siglo XX mine, was killed on July 29, 1965. By the end on 1965 a united leftist opposition People's Democratic Council was formed.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, After the coup
The officially released data shows that covert USA expenditures in Bolivia between fiscal year 1963 and fiscal year 1965 were as follows: fiscal year 1963— $337,063; fiscal year 1964—$545,342; and fiscal year 1965—$287,978. Most of it went to support the center and right wings of the ruling MNR party.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, After the coup
Already after the coup, CIA allegedly contributed US$600,000 to Barrientos election campaign in 1966 and Gulf Oil Corp. donated additional US$460,000 between 1966 and 1969.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, After the coup, Co-presidency
Barrientos lacked sufficient authority to have himself quickly elected president, so on May 7, 1965 he announced indefinite postponement of September elections and concentrated on eliminating his leftist opponents. He sent troops to take over state owned mines of COMIBOL and deported his former supporter Juan Lechin. The armed clashes with miners created an open split between Barrientos and Ovando, who withdrew troops from some of the occupied mines. On May 26, 1965 Ovando was installed as co-President and commander in chief of armed forces along with Barrientos in an effort to prevent split in the ruling junta and armed forces between leftist and rightist elements.


1964 Bolivian coup d'état, After the coup, Co-presidency
During 1966 Barrientos received covert financial aid from the US, which was caused by the fact that public office holders had to resign from their office 180 days before the elections. Barrientos followed this rule and this left him without means to pursue an election campaign. During this time Ovando was the President of Bolivia. Elections were held in July 1966, and Barrientos, as the Presidential candidate of the Front of the Bolivian Revolution won with 67% of vote and was officially inaugurated on August 6, 1966.


1964 Bolivian general election
General elections were held in Bolivia on 31 May 1964. Víctor Paz Estenssoro of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) was the only candidate for president, and was re-elected with 98% of the vote. The MNR retained its large majority in Congress.


1964 Bolivian general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, General René Barrientos led a military coup in November 1964, removing Paz from office. The coup led to a series of authoritarian and military regimes that remained in power until 1982.


1964 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1964 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. The Eagles were led by third-year head coach Jim Miller and played their home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. Boston College finished with a record of 6–3.


1964 Boston Patriots season
The 1964 Boston Patriots season was the franchise's 5th season in the American Football League. The Patriots ended the season with a record of ten wins, three losses, and one tie, and finished second in the AFL's Eastern Division.


1964 Boston Patriots season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1964 Boston Red Sox season
The 1964 Boston Red Sox season was the 64th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished eighth in the American League (AL) with a record of 72 wins and 90 losses, 27 games behind the AL champion New York Yankees.


1964 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1964 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Warren Schmakel, the team compiled a 2–7 record and was outscored by a total of 213 to 77.


1964 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1964 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their tenth and final season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled a 9–1 record (5–1 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championship, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 275 to 87.


1964 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Ward with 726 passing yards, Stew Williams with 609 rushing yards, and Jay Cunningham with 174 receiving yards.


1964 Bowling Green Falcons football team
Doyt Perry resigned as the team's head football coach after the 1965 season but remained the school's athletic director until 1970. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988.


1964 Brabantse Pijl
The 1964 Brabantse Pijl was the fourth edition of the Brabantse Pijl cycle race and was held on 1 April 1964. The race started and finished in  Brussels. The race was won by Arnaldo Pambianco.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état (Portuguese: Golpe de estado no Brasil em 1964), colloquially known in Brazil as the Coup of 64 (Golpe de 64), was a series of events in Brazil from March 31 to April 1 that led to the overthrow of President João Goulart by members of the Brazilian Armed Forces, supported by the United States government.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état
The following day, with the military already in control of the country, the speaker of the Brazilian Congress came out in support of the coup and endorsed it by declaring vacant the office of the presidency (though Goulart never officially resigned). The coup put an end to the government of Goulart (also known as 'Jango'), a member of the Brazilian Labour Party, who had been democratically elected vice president in the same election in which conservative Jânio Quadros, from the National Labour Party and backed by the National Democratic Union, won the presidency.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état
Quadros had resigned in 1961, the same year of his inauguration, in a clumsy political maneuver to increase his popularity. Quadros anticipated that mass demonstrations would demand his return to office and strengthen his position, but he miscalculated. With the presidency vacant and according to the Brazilian Constitution, Quadros should have automatically been replaced by Goulart. Goulart, however, was on a diplomatic trip to the People's Republic of China at the time and, although a moderate nationalist, Goulart was accused of being a communist by right-wing militants, who tried to prevent him from taking office. After lengthy negotiations, led mainly by Tancredo Neves, Goulart's supporters and the right-wing reached an agreement under which the parliamentary system would replace the presidential system in the country. Goulart would continue as head of state, although weakened, and Neves would be named the prime minister.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état
In 1963, however, a referendum re-established the presidential system with Goulart as president. He took office with full powers, and during his rule several problems in Brazilian politics became evident, as well as disputes in the context of the Cold War, which helped destabilize his government. The Basic Reforms Plan (Reformas de Base) proposed by Goulart had the potential to socialize the profits of large companies. It was labelled as a "socialist threat" by right-wing sectors of society and of the military, which organized major demonstrations against the government in the Marches of the Family with God for Freedom (Marchas da Família com Deus pela Liberdade).


1964 Brazilian coup d'état
The coup brought to Brazil a military regime politically aligned to the interests of the United States government. This military dictatorship in Brazil lasted for 21 years, until 1985, when Neves was indirectly elected the first civilian president of Brazil since the 1960 elections.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Conspiracy against Goulart
Jânio Quadros resigned on August 25, 1961. At the time of his resignation, João Goulart was in the People's Republic of China on a foreign relations trip. On August 29, the Brazilian Congress heard and vetoed a motion to stop Goulart from being named the president, brought by the heads of the three branches of the military and some politicians, who claimed Goulart's inauguration would put the country "on the road to civil war." A compromise was reached. Brazil would become a parliamentary democracy, with Goulart as president. As such, he would be head of state, but with limited powers of head of government. Tancredo Neves was named as the new prime minister.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Conspiracy against Goulart
On January 6, 1963, Goulart successfully changed the system of government back to a presidential democracy in a referendum in which he won by a large margin. Goulart found himself back in power with a rapidly deteriorating political and economic situation. During this period, Goulart was politically isolated, with a foreign policy which was independent of any alignment. He openly criticized the Bay of Pigs invasion by the US, but criticized the Cuban regime of Fidel Castro during the Cuban Missile Crisis.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Conspiracy against Goulart
The country's economic situation deteriorated rapidly. Attempts to stabilize the currency were financed by aid packages from the International Monetary Fund. His failure to secure foreign investment and curb domestic inflation put the country in a difficult situation which exacerbated social conflicts.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Conspiracy against Goulart
On March 13, 1964, Goulart gave a speech where he promised to nationalize the country's oil refineries, as well as carry out "basic reforms" including rent control. This was followed by a large demonstration on March 19, where a conservative group marched on Praça da Sé, São Paulo, in a demonstration called "March of the Family with God for Freedom" against Goulart and his policies.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Conspiracy against Goulart, The Sailors' Revolt
The friction between the military and Goulart boiled over with his intervention in a revolt by sailors of the Brazilian Navy led by José Anselmo dos Santos, historically known as Cabo Anselmo, and later exposed as an agent provocateur. On March 25, 1964, nearly 2,000 sailors assembled in Rio de Janeiro, petitioning for better living conditions and pledging their support for Goulart's reforms. The Minister of the Navy, Sílvio Mota, ordered the arrest of the sailors leading the assembly. Mota sent a detachment of marines to arrest the leaders and break up the assembly, led by Rear Admiral Cândido Aragão. These marines ended up joining the assembly and remained with the other sailors.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Conspiracy against Goulart, The Sailors' Revolt
Shortly after Aragão's refusal to arrest the leaders, Goulart issued orders prohibiting any invasion of the assembly location (the headquarters of the local metalworker's union), and sacked Sílvio Mota as Minister of the Navy. The following day, March 26, the Minister of Labor, Amauri Silva, negotiated a compromise, and the sailors agreed to leave the assembly building. They were promptly arrested for mutiny.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Conspiracy against Goulart, The Sailors' Revolt
Goulart pardoned the sailors shortly afterward, provoking a public rift with the military. Soon after this, on March 30, 1964, the day before the coup, Goulart gave a speech to a gathering of sergeants, where he asked for the military's support for his reforms.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
In the United States, concerns over the state of the Brazilian President, Goulart, started as early as July 1962. A private meeting was set up between John F. Kennedy, Richard N. Goodwin, and Lincoln Gordon to discuss Goulart's activity in the military, and their concern over whether or not he was leading the country towards Communism. The discussion concluded that they would support paramilitary forces in opposition to Goulart and that they would send a "fellow" who was fluent in Portuguese to be their contact within the military.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
On December 11, 1962, the Executive Committee (EXCOMM) of the National Security Council met to evaluate three policy alternatives on Brazil: to do nothing and allow the present drift to continue, to collaborate with Brazilian elements hostile to Goulart who were in favor of a coup, and to seek to change the political and economic orientation of Goulart and his government. At the time the U.S. felt the third option was the best selection, and would be tried before shifting to the second option.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
The attempt to reform Goulart's policy was selected as having the only feasible chance of success at the time. The choice to give support to the Goulart administration without political confrontation might be justified by the fact that there was an expectation that events in Brazil would lead to Goulart's early ouster or a change in his policies. At first, the U.S. attempted to work with President Goulart and convince him to change his political views and policies to a more pro-Western system of governance.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
In December 1962, Bobby Kennedy flew to Brazil to meet with Goulart. Goulart and Kennedy spoke for three hours, with Kennedy outlining "the presence of Communists, ultranationalists (read nationalists), extreme leftists (read leftists) and anti-Americans in Goulart's government" as the main American objection to his government.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
In March 1963, the Kennedy administration gave Goulart a choice: either he could remove the anti-American politicians from political power in Brazil, or the United States would put economic pressure on Brazil. On March 8, the CIA released a memorandum listing the current efforts within the Brazilian military to organize and attempt a coup. The document identifies that "conservative elements of the Brazilian military [were] formulating plans for a possible effort to depose President Joao Goulart." The report identifies Odylio Denys as having the "best-developed plan."


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
Denys's plan relied on the "cooperation by military commanders in key state against the central government with recalcitrant governors being arrests by local commanders who would then replace them." However, no military action would be taken unless prompted by Goulart because, as the report states, "the Brazilian military prides itself in the belief that... it does not act unconstitutionally." The report continues that if a coup were to happen too soon it would ruin any further attempts; additionally, more support must be proved to Denys in the form of governmental sabotage. Ultimately, the CIA expressed their belief that Denys could bring about a coup "by putting together a luck combination of well-placed military commanders."


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
During the final months of 1963, the Kennedy administration began to search for paramilitary forces capable of overthrowing the Goulart government. The coup was foreseen by both pro- and anti-Goulart forces. In Rio de Janeiro, Leonel Brizola, Goulart's brother-in-law and ally, had organized as far back as October 1963 so-called "Groups of Eleven", or groups of eleven people who would work in supporting Goulart's reforms, but could theoretically be converted to a form of militia in defense of Goulart's presidency.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
On the other side, on March 20, 1964, 11 days before the coup, Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, chief of staff for the army, circulated a letter to the highest echelons of the military warning of the dangers of communism. Two cables from the U.S. Ambassador to Brazil Lincoln Gordon reveal his suspicions of President Goulart's communist sympathies, and his urging of the CIA to prepare to aid the revolt.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
The first, dated March 27, 1964, accuses Goulart of actively working with the Brazilian Communist Party, and recommends that the U.S. prepare to support anti-Goulart forces with arms and fuel, especially the General Castello Branco. In the same cable, Gordon mentions that several anti-Goulart groups had approached him in the past two years about the U.S. supporting a coup. He says that, out of all of them, General Branco was easily the best. In Gordon's opinion, he was the one that the U.S. should put their weight behind.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
He is very urgent in his message, saying that he is afraid of Brazil becoming "The China of the 1960s". Finally, he urges for arms to be sent via an unmarked submarine at night as soon as possible. In a second cable, sent two days later on March 29, he takes a more urgent tone as Ambassador Gordon reports that the situation had "worsened" and "possibly shortened time factors", and advised that "earliest possible action would achieve optimum results."


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
Retired Marshal Odylio Denys was Minister of War during president Janio Quadros' term and was a leader of the anti-Goulart group was in charge of developing the plan to overthrow Goulart. Denys and many Brazilian military men who were strongly against Goulart, however, would not initiate a revolutionary plan unless Goulart started any "attacks" that would win him support. The whole purpose was to protect their constitution, which they felt that Goulart disobeyed.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
On March 30, the American military attaché in Brazil, Colonel Vernon A. Walters, telegraphed the State Department. In that telegraph, he confirmed that Brazilian army generals had committed themselves to act against Goulart within a week of the meeting, but no date was set. An Intelligence Information Cable from the same day reiterates the likelihood of a revolution "probably within the next few days", and outlines the movement of troops from São Paulo and Minas Gerais towards Rio de Janeiro once the revolt begins. They felt there would be no problems in Minas Gerais.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, The run-up
The cable reports anticipation of problems in São Paulo, and warns that the revolution will be long and bloody, noting that "the position of the navy is uncertain and could add to the difficulties of the anti-Goulart forces." The air force base in Belo Horizonte had little to offer. They believed there would be no resistance or bloodshed. However, the cable also cites the division of the air force as beneficial to the aid of anti-Goulart forces. This included the commander Col. Afranio Aguiar who usually favored Goulart. These two documents reflect the planning and premeditation for the coup by both the CIA and Brazilian anti-Goulart bodies.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, March 31
In the early hours of March 31, 1964, General Olímpio Mourão Filho, Commander of the 4th Military Region, headquartered in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, ordered his troops to start moving towards Rio de Janeiro. The move was not coordinated with the other main generals in the plot, namely General Amaury Kruel of the 2nd Army (based in São Paulo) and Castello Branco, the deposed army chief of staff. The troop movement took them by surprise, as they felt it was too soon for a successful coup.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, March 31
Less than two hours after receiving news of Mourão's march, Kruel was reported saying "This is nothing more than a quartelada (military adventure, from quartel, Portuguese for "barracks") by General Mourão, and I will not join it." In the morning, Castello Branco would twice try to stop Mourão's march on Rio de Janeiro. At the same time, news of the march had reached General Argemiro Assis Brasil, João Goulart's military aide, who felt confident he could put the rebellion down.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, March 31
As the day progressed, minor revolts and military actions ensued, such as Castello Branco's barricades at the Ministry of War building, and at the Escola de Comando do Estado Maior in Rio de Janeiro. Despite this, the crucial support needed for the coup (that of General Kruel's 2nd Army) had not yet been implemented. At around 10:00 pm, General Kruel called João Goulart. In the call, Kruel asked the president to break with the left-wing by sacking his Minister of Justice and Chief of Staff and outlaw the Comando Geral dos Trabalhadores (Worker's General Command), a major workers' organization.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, March 31
Goulart replied that doing so would be a humiliating defeat for him, making him a "decorative president". Goulart told Kruel: "General, I don't abandon my friends. (...) I would rather stick with my grassroots. You should stick to your convictions. Put your troops out on the street and betray me, publicly."


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, March 31
After the 10:00 pm call, Kruel called Goulart two more times, repeating his demands, and receiving the same answer from Goulart. Goulart's attempt to revoke the generals was disastrous. Two of his three military chiefs of staff were out of action for various reasons. His military aide was a newly promoted Brigadier General, General Assis Brasil. His greatest base of military support was located in his native Southern Brazil. His reaction, orchestrated by Assis Brasil, consisted of shifting a general from the southern 3rd Army to the southeast, to replace Castello Branco (he never arrived). Of his other generals, in the states of Paraná and the Rio Grande do Sul, four were on vacation, while two others were returning to their posts in Curitiba when they were forced to land in Porto Alegre due to bad weather, and thus away from their commands.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, March 31
A telegram dated March 31, 1964, details some decisions the United States made in response to the coup being underway. The details highlighted the dispatch of US Navy tankers from Aruba, an immediate dispatch of a naval task force to go to Brazil, and initiation of a shipment of 110 tons of ammunition as well as other light equipment such as tear gas. Furthermore, the telegram also states that the actual deployment of these resources requires more discussion. The first tanker is to be off Santos between April 8 and 13, followed by three tankers at intervals of one day. An aircraft carrier, the USS Forrestal (CV-59) is to arrive on April 10, with four destroyers, two destroyer escorts, and task force tankers to arrive four days later.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, April 1
On April 1, at 12:45 pm, João Goulart left Rio de Janeiro for the capital, Brasília, in an attempt to stop the coup. He arrived at about 4:30 pm. Reservists were called up earlier in the day by the local military commander and were brought to the anti-aircraft headquarters in Brasília to try to protect Goulart. It was believed that their defense would only be able to delay his overthrow by about one day. At the same time, General Kruel and the 2nd Army began to march towards the Vale do Paraíba, between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, April 1
In the southeast, only the 1st Army, commanded by General Âncora and based in Rio de Janeiro, had not enlisted in the coup. General Artur da Costa e Silva called Âncora and demanded his surrender. Âncora replied he would honor a promise to Goulart and first meet to discuss the situation with General Kruel, who was marching in his direction. The meeting would take place later in the day at the Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras, in Resende, between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. At that meeting, Âncora surrendered the 1st Army.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, April 1
Goulart had no military support outside of the south. When he reached Brasília, Goulart realized he lacked any political support. The Senate president, Auro de Moura Andrade, was already articulating for congressional support of the coup. Goulart stayed for a short time in Brasília, gathering his wife and two children, and flying to Porto Alegre in an Air Force Avro 748 aircraft. Soon after Goulart departed, Auro Moura Andrade declared the position of President of Brazil "vacant". Seven people would die during the events of April 1.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, April 1
Casualties included two students who were shot amidst a demonstration against the troops encircling the Governor's palace in Recife, three in Rio and two in Minas Gerais. A telegram from the CIA on April 2 states that "the national council of government on 1 April approved a resolution to receive Goulart as president unless he had resigned before leaving Brazil." The telegram also reports that President Goulart had fled Brazil for Uruguay.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, Aftermath
In the early hours of April 2 the National Congress declared the presidency to be vacant and Senate president Auro de Moura Andrade, along with the president of the Supreme Federal Tribunal, swore in Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, the speaker of the house, as president. This move was arguably unconstitutional at the time, as João Goulart was still in the country. At the same time Goulart, now in the headquarters of the 3rd Army in Porto Alegre (which was still loyal to him at the time), contemplated resistance and counter-moves with Leonel Brizola, who argued for armed resistance.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, Aftermath
In the morning, General Floriano Machado informed the president that troops loyal to the coup were moving from Curitiba to Porto Alegre and that he had to leave the country, risking arrest otherwise. At 11:45 am, Goulart boarded a Douglas C-47 transport for his farm bordering Uruguay. Goulart would stay at his farm until April 4, when he finally boarded the plane for the last time, heading for Montevideo. Mazzilli would continue as president while the generals jockeyed for power. On April 11, 1964, General Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco was elected President by the National Congress. Upon taking power, Castello Branco promised to "deliver, in 1966, to my successor legitimately elected by the people, a united nation." In 1967, he delivered what journalist Elio Gaspari dubbed "a fractured nation" to a president elected by 295 people.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, The coup, Aftermath
Within two years, in accord with concessions promised to the U.S. government for its financial support of the overthrow, foreign companies gained control of about half of the Brazilian industry. This type of foreign intrusion was often accomplished through combined fiscal and monetary measures, "constructive bankruptcy" that caused the choice of selling out or going broke. By 1971, of the 19 of Brazil's 27 largest companies that were not state-owned, 14 were foreign-owned.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement
The US ambassador at the time, Lincoln Gordon, and the military attaché, Colonel Vernon A. Walters, kept in constant contact with President Lyndon B. Johnson as the crisis progressed. Johnson urged taking action to support the overthrow of João Goulart by the military, as action against the "left-wing" Goulart government. Despite President Johnson's concerns about Goulart, the coup was originally devised by the John F. Kennedy Administration. Starting in 1961, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) initiated a psychological warfare campaign against Goulart in an effort to disrupt his ability to hold power.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement
Taped White House conservations revealed that President Kennedy began plans to "strengthen the spine" of Brazil's military in July 1962 and later told his top aides in March 1963 that "We've got to do something about Brazil." Many of the Kennedy Administration coup planners, such as Gordon, U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy and U.S Latin America Advisor Richard N. Goodwin, were also serving in the Johnson Administration when it commenced.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, Operation Brother Sam
Operation Brother Sam was the codename given to Kennedy's plan to "prevent Brazil from becoming another China or Cuba". Kennedy believed Goulart was getting too friendly with anti-American radicals in the Brazilian government. Declassified transcripts of communications between Lincoln Gordon and the US government show that predicting an all-out civil war, and with the opportunity to get rid of a left-wing government in Brazil, Johnson authorized logistical materials to be in place and a US Navy task force led by an aircraft carrier to support the coup against Goulart.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, Operation Brother Sam
These included ammunition, motor oil, gasoline, aviation gasoline, and other materials to help in a potential civil war in sending US Navy tankers that were coming from Aruba. About 110 tons of ammunition and CS gas were made ready in New Jersey for a possible airlift to Viracopos Airport in Campinas. Potential support was also made available in the form of an "aircraft carrier (USS Forrestal) and two guided missile destroyers (expected arrive in area by April 10), (and) four destroyers", which sailed to Brazil under the guise of a military exercise.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, CIA involvement
In the telegraphs, Gordon also acknowledges US involvement in "covert support for pro-democracy street rallies...and encouragement [of] democratic and anti-communist sentiment in Congress, armed forces, friendly labor, and student groups, church, and business" and that he "may be requesting modest supplementary funds for other covert action programs in the near future. ".


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, CIA involvement
The actual operational files of the CIA remain classified, preventing historians from accurately gauging the CIA's direct involvement in the coup.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, March 28
On March 28, 1964, several US government officials including Ralph Burton, Richard Helms, McGeorge Bundy, and Alexis Johnson met to discuss the situation in Brazil. The conversation emphasized discussion concerning Ambassador Gordon's message the day before. The memorandum of the conversation expressed the dilemma of Brazil's election. While it was considered preferable to "waffle through to the next election" the decision concluded that the US government did not want to "watch Brazil dribble down the drain while [waiting for the next election]."


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, March 28
Concerning the Brazilian military, Bundy felt that it was a cause for worry if the military did not react. The principle concern was the military's response to Goulart. In response to Ambassador Gordon's request for military action, the officials at the meeting felt puzzled because they believed the Brazilian military to be adequately equipped.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, March 28
The memorandum discusses further details of Gordon's request, but concludes with three action items. One of the plans of action was to immediately to get relevant information and to set up an arrangement for a tanker to be located within one to three days steaming time of São Paulo, to supply the Brazilian Military with POL. Another item gave orders to Mr. Burton to explore the possibility of getting the NY Times to publish a satisfactory editorial calling attention to the situation in Brazil, and try to determine what the NY Times has said about Goulart in the past.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, March 31, 1964
A Department of the State telegram to US Ambassador to Brazil, Lincoln Gordon, in Rio shows the US preparing to aid anti-Goulart forces. The US informs Gordon that three things have occurred. Four American Navy tankers were directed to Brazil and expected between April 8 and the 13th. The US dispatched a naval task force to Brazil which included: an aircraft carrier, four destroyers, two destroyer escorts, and task force tankers. This was later corrected to one aircraft carrier, two guided missile destroyers, four destroyers, and task force tankers.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, March 31, 1964
The US assembled 110 tons of ammunition and sent it to São Paulo via airlift, as well as tear gas (later corrected to CS Agent). This airlift would incorporate ten cargo planes, six tankers, six fighters. Later, the number of cargo planes was reduced to six. The airlift would take 24–25 hours to occur upon request while involving ten cargo planes.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, March 31, 1964
At the bottom of the document, the reports claim "Dispatch of tankers from Aruba and of naval task force does not immediately involve us in the Brazilian situation and is regarded by us as normal naval exercise." The CIA did intend to involve themselves in the Brazilian coup, but wanted to do so in secrecy until it was necessary.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, March 31, 1964
In a telephone conversation, President Johnson spoke on the phone from his Texas ranch with Undersecretary of State George Ball and Assistant Secretary for Latin America, Thomas Mann. Ball briefed Johnson on that status of military moves in Brazil to overthrow the government of Joao Goulart who U.S. officials view as a leftist closely associated with the Brazilian Communist Party. Johnson gave Ball the go ahead to actively support the coup if U.S. backing is needed. Johnson stated, "I think we ought to take every step that we can, be prepared to do everything that we need to do." He also stated, "I'd get right on top of it and stick my neck out a little."


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, April 1, 1964
At a White House Meeting on April 1, 1964, Colonel King of the CIA began the briefing stating that the latest intelligence gathered showed a more favorable situation for the insurgents. This was largely due to indications that General Kruel was moving Second Army troops to the São Paulo Border. Secretary of State Dean Rusk claimed that the Ambassador to Brazil, Lincoln Gordon was not advising that the United States should support Brazil at the time. Despite the proclamation, the two men had previously agreed to provide Brazil support.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, April 1, 1964
Instead, this declaration was intended to signal that the United States would not overtly support Brazil. This was because Rusk was concerned that if the United States intervened in Brazil, that would provide Goulart with a reason to become opposed to the United States. However the rebel residents of São Paulo - referred to as the Paulistas - had asked the United States for aid, but had not requested specific items or funds.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, April 1, 1964
At the same meeting Secretary of Defense, Robert Strange McNamara reported that the United States had military aid waiting for the proper Brazilian request. McNamara noted the existence of arms and ammunition waiting to be airlifted to Brazil from New Jersey, a Navy tanker that was being diverted from Aruba to Brazil, and American financed Norwegian boat headed to Buenos Aires with aviation fuel. This demonstrates the United States' tacit willingness to support the Brazilian cause despite Rusk's desire to keep this secret.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, April 1, 1964
A White House memorandum also dated April 1, 1964, highlighted that the White House knew that Goulart had gone into hiding and that the White House was unsure of his location due to the different intelligence reports that it had received about the situation. At the time of the memo, Gordon believed that the coup was "95% over" and that General Branco had "taken over Rio." Gordon reported that Branco "told us he doesn't need our help." The memo also stated that the White House had evidence that Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli would become Brazil's temporary leader until an election could be conducted.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, April and May 1964
A Washington Daily News article, titled "Castro Plots in Brazil Confirmed", asserts that "Brazil's new anticommunist regime has discovered hard evidence that Castro's Cuba was aiding subversion in their country." The article's premise is that this news firmly classifies Brazil as newly anti-Castro/Cuba. The author of the piece, Virginia Prewett, does not detail how this information was obtained, nor how (or whether) it was independently verified.


1964 Brazilian coup d'état, US involvement, April and May 1964
Rather, the piece extrapolates from this initial statement implication for other Organization of American States (OAS: the world's oldest regional organization, dating back to ... 1948 ... established in order to achieve among its member states ..."an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence") member states. Prewett mentions two upcoming OAS meetings; the first was slated to deal with a "showdown over Cuban subversion," the second dealing with "the problem of coups."