1965 Atlantic hurricane season
The first system, an unnamed tropical storm, developed during the month of June in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The storm moved northward across Central America, but caused no known impact in the region. It struck the Florida Panhandle and caused minor impact across much of the Southern United States. Tropical cyclogenesis halted for over two months, until Anna formed on August 21. The storm remained well away from land in the far North Atlantic Ocean and caused no impact.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Betsy was the strongest and most devastating storm of the season. Extensive damage from Betsy was reported in the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana, particularly the New Orleans area. It was the first hurricane in the history of the United States to result in at least $1 billion (1965 USD) in losses. Hurricane Carol meandered in the eastern Atlantic for over two weeks from mid-September to very early October. Impact on land from Carol was minimal. In late September, Tropical Storm Debbie developed in the northwestern Caribbean and moved slowly across the region, before later reaching the Gulf of Mexico.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season
The storm dissipated just offshore of Louisiana, which resulted in only minor impact along the Gulf Coast of the United States. The final tropical cyclone, Hurricane Elena, formed on October 12. Elena remained at sea for nearly a week and caused no damage on land. Collectively, the storms of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season caused 76 fatalities and $1.68 billion in damage, almost entirely due to Hurricane Betsy.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
This was the first Atlantic hurricane season to start on June 1 and end on November 30, which is the modern-day season bounds. A total of 13 tropical depressions formed. Ten of those tropical depression intensified into a tropical storm, which was just slightly below the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's 1950–2005 average of 11. Four of those tropical storms attained hurricane status, slightly below the average of six. One hurricane intensified into a major hurricane, which is Category 3 or greater on the Saffir–Simpson scale. This was slightly below the average of two per season. Overall, the tropical cyclones of this season collectively caused about $1.68 billion in damage and 76 deaths.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Season activity began with the development of a tropical depression in the Gulf of Mexico on June 11. This was quickly followed by the formation of an unnamed tropical storm over the southern Gulf of Mexico two days later. However, the season briefly became dormant after the storm became extratropical on June 15, and there were no other tropical cyclones in June or July. The next system, a tropical depression, formed on August 8, about one and a half months later. The remainder of August featured hurricanes Anna and Betsy. The latter developed on August 27 and eventually became the most intense tropical cyclone of the 1965 season, peaking as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (225 km/h) on September 2.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
While Betsy would mostly exist in September, the month also featured four additional tropical cyclones – an unnamed tropical storm, Hurricane Carol, a tropical depression, and then Debbie. In October, three tropical systems formed, including two unnamed tropical storms and Hurricane Elena. The final tropical cyclone of the 1965 season, an unnamed tropical storm, developed from a previously non-tropical cyclone northeast of the Lesser Antilles on November 29. The storm persisted into the month of December, before dissipating on December 2.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 88, which was below the 1950–2005 average of 93.2. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical cyclones with winds exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is tropical storm strength.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, June tropical depression
A trough of low pressure reached the central Gulf of Mexico by June 10. The trough spawned a low-pressure area, which became a tropical depression on June 11. The depression moved northwestward and struck Mississippi before dissipating on the following day.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
A cut-off low-pressure area developed from a shear trough in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico on June 9. The low caused the detachment of a disturbance from the Intertropical convergence zone, which was located near the south coast of Guatemala. After moving across Guatemala and Mexico, the low emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on June 13. The low intensified on the following day, reaching tropical storm status at 0600 UTC. It likely was a subtropical storm, however, the lack of consistent satellite data precludes such a classification. Operationally, the system was considered a tropical depression for its entire duration, thus, this went unnamed. The storm began curving northeastward, and by early on June 15, it peaked with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
At 1100 UTC on June 15, the storm made landfall near Santa Rosa Beach, Florida, at the same intensity. Inland, the storm continued northeastward and became extratropical over South Carolina at 0000 UTC on June 16. Tides along the coast of the Florida Panhandle were 3–4 feet (0.91–1.22 m) above normal. The storm brought sustained winds of 50 to 60 mph (85 to 105 km/h) with gusts up to 75 mph (120 km/h) at Alligator Point. Winds blew the roof off of two beach cottages on St. George Island, while tides sank or washed ashore several small boats.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
The storm also produced rainfall up to 8.75 inches (222 mm) in Wewahitchka. Slick roads in Tallahassee resulted in several car accidents, but no injuries occurred. The rains also left street flooding in the Inglewood neighborhood of Tallahassee, forcing the evacuation of two families. Two tornadoes were spawned in Florida, with one damaging houses and a mobile home in Live Oak. The storm also brought rainfall to several other states.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, August tropical depression
A tropical wave approached the Leeward Islands on August 6. Two days later, a ship just east of the islands reported winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) about 35 mi (55 km) away from the center of the tropical wave, indicating the presence of a closed circulation, and thus, a tropical depression formed. The depression emerged into the eastern Caribbean and then quickly dissipated.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Anna
A weak circulation was noted by Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) near Cape Verde on August 16. During the next five days, the system tracked west-northwestward or northwestward, while conditions gradually became favorable for tropical cyclogenesis. At 0600 UTC on August 21, it is estimated that the system became Tropical Storm Anna. While Anna was tracking north-northeastward on August 23, an eye feature appeared on TIROS. After another aircraft reported an eye on its radar, Anna was upgraded to a hurricane later that day. Early on August 24, Anna reached maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) while accelerating northeastward. Anna began losing tropical characteristics, and early on the following day, it transitioned into an extratropical storm while about halfway between the Azores and Greenland.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy
A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression on August 27, while well east of the Windward Islands. It tracked generally west-northward until crossing the Leeward Islands on August 28. Early the next day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Betsy, shortly before striking Saint Martin and Anguilla. Betsy continued to intensify after re-emerging into the western Atlantic, becoming a hurricane on September 1. After executing a brief cyclonic loop, the storm then turned to the west.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy
Later on September 1 and into September 2, Betsy rapidly intensified and peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 140 mph (225 km/h) on September 2. However, the storm fell back to Category 3 intensity early the next day. By September 5, Betsy executed another cyclonic loop northeast of the Bahamas and fell to as low as Category 1 intensity around 0000 UTC on September 6. The storm fluctuated between Category 2 and 3 as it headed southwestward and then westward over the next day, passing over or close to several Bahamian islands, including Great Abaco and Andros. The storm produced very strong winds and rough seas in the Bahamas, with a peak wind gust of 178 mph (286 km/h) at Hope Town. Betsy caused one fatality and approximately $14 million in damage in the island chain, mostly to agriculture and crops.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy
By early on September 8, Betsy made landfall near Tavernier, Florida, as a Category 3 hurricane. In South Florida, the storm brought strong winds and significant storm surge. Water reached several feet in height in upper Florida Keys, inundating highways and the first floor of buildings. Nearly all of the land south of Homestead Air Force Base and east of U.S. Route 1 was covered by water. There were 8 deaths and $120 million in losses, which included both property and agriculture.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy
Betsy entered into the Gulf of Mexico later on September 8 and re-strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane on September 10, reaching a secondary peak with winds of 130 mph (210 km/h). However, further intensification was halted after Betsy made landfall in Grand Isle, Louisiana, around 0400 UTC. In Louisiana, strong winds and rough seas caused extensive damage. Storm surge inundated the levees in New Orleans, flooding much of the city. Throughout the state, more than 22,000 homes were either damaged or destroyed, and 168,000 people were left without electricity.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy
The storm caused more than 17,000 injuries and resulted in 58 deaths. Damage in the state of Louisiana reached $1.2 billion. Once inland, the storm turned northeastward and rapidly weakened, becoming extratropical over Tennessee on September 11. Impact in other states ranged from minor to moderate. Overall, Betsy caused about $1.43 billion in damage and 76 fatalities. Betsy was the first hurricane in the United States to cause at least $1 billion in damage.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four
A cold front moved eastward from North America into the western Atlantic Ocean on August 28. An extratropical low developed on August 31 over the north Atlantic, which degenerated into a trough three days later. On September 4, another extratropical storm developed, located about 800 mi (1,285 km) south of Newfoundland. The system attained gale-force winds a day later, and turned westward on September 6, steered by a building ridge to the north. On September 7, the storm transitioned into a tropical storm, after its wind field became more symmetrical.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four
Later that day, the storm attain winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), recorded by nearby ships. The storm turned to the east and northeast, crossing over its former path. On September 10, the tropical storm again transitioned into an extratropical storm, which later passed southeast of Newfoundland. The storm moved across the northern Atlantic Ocean, dissipating on September 13 southwest of Ireland.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol
A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 15, and developed into a tropical depression by early on the following day. It headed steadily westward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Carol late on September 17. The storm began curving northwestward by the following day. Operationally, advisories were not initiated until 1900 UTC on September 19, after winds had already reached 50 mph (80 km/h). Carol then slowed and began turning north-northward. Later on September 20, a Navy reconnaissance flight confirmed a circulation and also measured hurricane-force winds. Thus, Carol was upgraded to a hurricane at 1800 UTC on September 20.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol
On September 21, another flight into the storm recorded a minimum pressure of 974 mbar (28.8 inHg), the lowest in relation to Carol. The hurricane accelerated, before slowing in forward motion on September 22. Between September 24 and September 28, the storm drifted and executed a small cyclonic loop and fluctuating from tropical storm status to Category 1 intensity and back to tropical storm strengthen during that time. After turning northeastward, Carol re-intensified into a hurricane on September 25.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carol
While passing northwest of the Azores, a weather station on Corvo Island reported a sustained wind speed of 64 mph (103 km/h) and a gust up to 80 mph (130 km/h). The storm curved east-southeastward, weakened, and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located north of the Azores on September 30. The remnants of Carol turned southeastward and then southward before dissipating near the Canary Islands on October 3.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, September tropical depression
On September 21, an extratropical low-pressure area developed at the tail-end of a cold front over the west-central Atlantic. The low gradually lost frontal characteristics and acquired a more symmetrical structure, becoming a tropical depression just north of Bermuda on September 24. Curving northeastward, the depression transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 26 and a different cold front absorbed it by the next day.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Debbie
A low-pressure area in the northwestern Caribbean Sea developed into a tropical depression on September 24. The depression brought locally heavy rainfall to areas of Honduras while tracking northwestward. Despite winds of only 30 mph (50 km/h), the Miami Weather Bureau prematurely named the depression Debbie at 1600 UTC on September 25. Several hours later, Debbie struck the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula. After emerging into the Gulf of Mexico early on September 26, the storm was described as "weaker than before", as the convective activity indicated no organization. However, Debbie began to strengthen, reaching tropical storm status late on September 27.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Debbie
After peaked at winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) late on September 28, cooler and drier air caused the storm to weaken. Debbie was a minimal tropical storm by September 29 and made landfall in Port Fourchon, Louisiana, with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) at 2000 UTC. The storm quickly weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated by early the next day. Despite weakening significantly before landfall, Debbie brought heavy precipitation, especially in Mobile, Alabama, where a 24-hour rainfall record was broken after 16.85 in (428 mm) fell. Within the city of Mobile, hundreds of cars were flooded, while more than 200 people fled their inundated homes. Many roads and businesses were also closed in the area. Damage in Mobile alone reached $25 million. Rainfall was reported in seven other states, though no significant impact occurred.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
On September 25, a cold front emerged into the western Atlantic Ocean and stalled. An extratropical storm developed along the front on September 29 to the southeast of the Carolinas. The storm moved quickly east-northeastward and quickly intensified to near hurricane intensity. On September 30, the storm passed north of Bermuda, producing winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) there. On October 1, the system reversed its track, weakened slightly, and became more symmetric. By October 2, the strongest winds were located near the circulation center, based on nearby ship reports.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
Based on the observations, the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project estimated that the system transitioned into a tropical storm on this day, although the storm could have been a subtropical cyclone. Around that time, maximum sustained winds were estimated at 60 mph (95 km/h). The storm moved to the north and northeast ahead of a cold front. On October 3, the front absorbed the storm.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Elena
TIROS imagery indicated a very weak circulation near 12°N, 40°W on October 11. Ship reports on the following day indicated a somewhat more organized circulation. As a result, it is estimated that the final tropical depression of the season at 1200 UTC on October 12, while located about midway between Cape Verde and the Leeward Islands. Initially, the depression remained disorganized while tracking northwestward. However, by early on October 14, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Elena. The storm continued to intensify as it headed northwestward, before turning to the northeast late on October 16.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Elena
Elena became a Category 1 hurricane at 1200 UTC on October 17 and then reached Category 2 status early the next day. Around 1200 UTC, Elena attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 977 mbar (28.9 inHg). At 0600 UTC on October 19, the storm merged with an approaching cold front near the Azores. The remnants moved rapidly north-northeastward until dissipating near Iceland on October 20.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine
A trough persisted along the southeastern United States on October 15. A day later, a tropical depression formed along the trough near the northwestern Bahamas. The system quickly intensified into a tropical storm; due to its large circulation, the storm was potentially a subtropical cyclone. The storm moved in a counterclockwise direction – southeast at first, and eventually curving to the west-southwest. On October 18, the hurricane hunters flight reported maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h). At 15:00 UTC that day, the storm made landfall at peak intensity near Flagler Beach, Florida. It quickly weakened while crossing the state, and dissipated the next day in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The storm, in conjunction with a high-pressure system over New England, produced gale-force winds in the Carolinas.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine
The precursor trough associated with this cyclone dropped heavy rainfall over the Miami metropolitan area. The Bahia Mar marina in Fort Lauderdale recorded 25.28 in (642 mm) of precipitation, while at least 10 in (250 mm) of rain fell in a roughly triangular-shaped area bounded by Loxahatchee, West Palm Beach, and Hollywood. Floodwaters inundated and damaged many roads throughout southeast Florida. An estimated 75% of crops in eastern Palm Beach County were lost, equivalent to approximately $4.5 million in damage.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine
After the system became a tropical storm and approached the coast of Florida, storm gale warnings were issued from Cape Kennedy, Florida, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Wind gusts close to 50 mph (80 km/h) were recorded near Jacksonville. The storm caused several power outages in the Jacksonville area but left little damage.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten
A cold front exited the east coast of the United States on November 22, and moved eastward. An extratropical storm developed along the front on November 26, located northeast of the Lesser Antilles. The storm moved northeastward, executed a small loop, and strengthened slightly. Gradually, the storm's structure became more symmetrical, and by November 29, the system transitioned into a tropical storm. At that time, the storm had peak winds of 50 mph (80 km/h), and was moving southward. On December 1, the storm weakened into a tropical depression, and on the same day, the track shifted to the west. On December 2, the depression dissipated.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names
The following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1965. The name Betsy was later retired. Carol had been removed from the naming list for 10 years following Hurricane Carol of 1954. It was then retroactively retired because of the 1954 hurricane, not the storm in 1965. They were replaced with Blanche and Camille for use in the 1969 season. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.


1965 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects
The following table lists all of the storms that have formed in the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s) (in parentheses), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1965 USD.


1965 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1965 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 74th overall and 32nd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph "Shug" Jordan, in his 15th year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of five wins, five losses and one tie (5–5–1 overall, 4–1–1 in the SEC) and with a loss against Ole Miss in the Liberty Bowl.


1965 Auckland City mayoral election
The 1965 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1965, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1965 Auckland City mayoral election, Background
Incumbent two-term Mayor Dove-Myer Robinson was defeated by Roy McElroy of the Citizens & Ratepayers ticket. Robinson's position had been worsened by the entry of Labour Party councillor George Forsyth to the race which allowed McElroy to win on a split vote.


1965 Australia Cup
The 1965 Australia Cup was the fourth season of the Australia Cup, which was the main national association football knockout cup competition in Australia. Thirteen clubs from around Australia qualified to enter the competition.


1965 Australia Cup, Final
After each team had taken 15 penalties, the shootout was abandoned in favour of a replay, due to diminishing light.


1965 Australia Cup Final
The 1965 Australia Cup Final was the fourth Australia Cup Final, the final match of the 1965 Australia Cup. It was played at Sydney Showground in Sydney, Australia, on 24 November 1965, contested by Sydney Hakoah and APIA Leichhardt. Hakoah won a replay match 2–1, with one goal each from David Reid and Herbert Ninaus after a 1–1 draw (13–13 on penalties)


1965 Australian Championships
The 1965 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club, Melbourne, Australia from 22 January to 1 February. It was the 53rd edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 15th held in Melbourne, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Roy Emerson and Margaret Smith.


1965 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Singles
Roy Emerson defeated  Fred Stolle  7–9, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5, 6–1


1965 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles
John Newcombe /  Tony Roche defeated  Roy Emerson /  Fred Stolle 3–6, 4–6, 13–11, 6–3, 6–4


1965 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles
Margaret Smith /  Lesley Turner defeated  Robyn Ebbern /  Billie Jean Moffitt, 1–6, 6–2, 6–3


1965 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles
Robyn Ebbern /  Owen Davidson and  Margaret Smith /  John Newcombe (final not played)


1965 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
First-seeded Roy Emerson defeated Fred Stolle 7–9, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5, 6–1 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1965 Australian Championships.


1965 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Roy Emerson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1965 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Margaret Smith was the five-time defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Maria Bueno 5–7, 6–4, 5–2 ret. in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1965 Australian Championships.


1965 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Margaret Smith is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1965 Australian Drivers' Championship
The 1965 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian national motor racing title open to racing cars complying with the Australian National Formula or the Australian 1½ Litre Formula. The title was contested over a six race series with the winner awarded the 1965 CAMS Gold Star. It was the ninth Australian Drivers' Championship.


1965 Australian Drivers' Championship
The championship was won by Victorian racer Bib Stillwell driving a Repco Brabham BT11A-Coventry Climax. Stillwell won by 19 points from Jack Brabham (Repco Brabham BT11A-Coventry Climax). Three drivers shared third place, Spencer Martin (Repco Brabham BT11A-Coventry Climax), Leo Geoghegan (Lotus 32-Ford) and John McDonald (Cooper T53-Coventry Climax and Cooper T70-Coventry Climax).


1965 Australian Drivers' Championship
Stillwell won three of the six races with the remaining race wins attained by Jim Clark (Lotus 32B-Coventry Climax), Bruce McLaren (Cooper T79-Coventry Climax) and Martin.


1965 Australian Drivers' Championship, Calendar
The International 100 and the Australian Grand Prix were also rounds of the 1965 Tasman Series.


1965 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six placegetters, however only holders of a current and valid full General Competition Licence issued by CAMS were eligible. The title was awarded to the driver gaining the highest points total in the Australian Grand Prix and any four of the other races.


1965 Australian Formula 2 Championship
The 1965 Australian Formula 2 Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Racing Cars complying with Australian Formula 2. The championship was contested over a single, 34 lap, 76.5 mile (123 km) race at the Warwick Farm circuit in New South Wales, Australia on 19 September 1965. It was the second Australian Formula 2 Championship to be awarded.


1965 Australian Formula 2 Championship
The championship was won by Greg Cusack, driving a Repco Brabham Cosworth.


1965 Australian Grand Prix
The 1965 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Longford Circuit in Tasmania, Australia on 1 March 1965. It was open to Racing Cars complying with the Australian National Formula or the Australian 1½ Litre Formula. It was the 30th Australian Grand Prix.


1965 Australian Grand Prix
The race, which had 18 starters, was the seventh and final round of the 1965 Tasman Series and round two of the 1965 Australian Drivers' Championship. It was the last Australian Grand Prix to be held at the Longford Circuit. Bruce McLaren won the race, his second and last Australian Grand Prix victory. Australian driver Rocky Tresise was killed in a second lap accident in which photographer Robin D'Abrera also died.


1965 Australian One and a Half Litre Championship
The 1965 Australian One and a Half Litre Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of racing cars complying with the Australian 1½ Litre Formula. The title was contested over a single 20 lap race at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales on 19 April 1965. The race also included a class for under 1100cc Australian Formula 2 cars.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship
The 1965 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Group C Improved Production Touring Cars. It was contested over a single 40-lap race staged at Sandown Raceway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 11 April 1965. It was the sixth Australian Touring Car Championship title to be awarded and the first to be contested by cars complying with Group C regulations.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship
The championship was won by Norm Beechey, driving a Ford Mustang. It was the first ATCC victory for a V8-engined car and the first of five ATCC titles won by drivers of Ford Mustangs. It was Beechey's first of two Australian Touring Car Championship wins.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summary
The change in regulations from Appendix J to Group C had disadvantaged most heavily those driving Holdens, like Norm Beechey and Brian Muir, and Bob Jane's Jaguar, as the practice of overboring engines was effectively outlawed, making 4.1 litre Jaguars and 3.4-litre Holdens ineligible.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summary
Jane qualified his new Ford Mustang on pole position, recording a time of 1:20.9. Beechey, also in a Mustang, had lapped in 1:20.8 in Friday practice, however transmission problems prevented him from setting a time in official qualifying and he started from the back of the grid. John Raeburn, driving a Ford Galaxie, and Jim McKeown, driving a Ford Cortina Lotus, completed the front tow. The reigning champion Ian Geoghegan lined up in eighth place on the grid.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summary
Jane made the best of the start while Muir passed Raeburn for second place going into the second corner, but Raeburn was able to retake the position going up the back straight. Jane led by six seconds at the end of lap 1, while Beechey had made his way up to fifth place. He took second place halfway through lap 2 and began closing the gap to Jane, setting a new lap record of 1:20.8 in the process. He caught Jane on lap 7 and passed him at the first corner on lap 8.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summary
Brian Foley pitted on lap 11 with a broken brake line while Stan Starcevich retired on lap 14 with a broken differential. Jane retired on lap 23 when his engine overheated, which left Beechey leading by more than a lap over McKeown and Geoghegan. The two Cortina drivers swapped positions twice before the crankshaft on McKeown's car broke with six laps remaining, elevating Muir into third place. Muir then lost the position to Allan Moffat as he thought that Moffat was a lap down, but was able to retake the place before the end of the race.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race summary
Beechey took a comfortable victory, winning by a margin of one lap over Geoghegan and Muir. Moffat finished fourth ahead of Raeburn and Manton.


1965 Australian Touring Car Championship, Results, Starting grid
The starting grid was decided by times set in official practice. Class leaders are indicated by bold text.


1965 Australian Tourist Trophy
The 1965 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Lakeside circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 November 1965. It was the ninth annual Australian Tourist Trophy race. The race was open to sports cars as defined by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) in its Appendix C regulations, and it was recognized by CAMS as the Australian championship for sports cars. It was won by Ian Geoghegan driving a Lotus 23b.


1965 Australian Tourist Trophy, Race review
Australian international driver Frank Gardner set the fastest practice time driving Alec Mildren's Mildren Maserati, but an engine failure during a preliminary heat resulted in Gardner being a non-starter in the Tourist Trophy. Ian Geoghegan, driving a Lotus 23, dominated the race with Greg Cusack (Lotus 23) placed second and Spencer Martin (Ferrari 250LM) third. Englishman Ken Miles, driving a Shelby Cobra 427 entered by Shelby American, posed a threat to leaders Geoghegan and Cusack until a suspension failure on lap 34 led to his retirement.


1965 Austrian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Austria on 23 May 1965, following the death of incumbent President Adolf Schärf on 28 February. The result was a victory for Franz Jonas of the Socialist Party, who received 50.7% of the vote. Voter turnout was 96.0%.


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy
1965 was the inaugural season of the BBC2 Floodlit Trophy competition. Castleford won the trophy by beating St. Helens with the score of 4-0. The match was played at Knowsley Road, Eccleston, St Helens, Merseyside. The attendance was 11,510 and receipts were £3,548. This was to be the first of Castleford's three victories in successive seasons in the first three Floodlit competitions.


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Background
This season there were a total of only eight teams entering, all by invite, playing a total of eleven matches for which the BBC paid the RFL a grand total of £9,000.00. The entrants included the seven clubs with permanent floodlights: Castleford, Leigh, Oldham, St Helens, Swinton, Warrington and Widnes together with Leeds, who installed floodlights in September 1966. The competition was played in the form of a mini-league with the semi-finals and final stages being on a knock out basis.


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Round 2 – second qualifying round
Involved 4 matches with the same 8 clubs - but NOT reverse fixtures


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Qualifying league table
Pos = Finishing position   P = Games played   W = Wins   D = Draw   L = LosePF = Points scored   PA = Points against   Pts = League points   PD = Points scored difference


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Round 3 – semi-finals, To progress to the next stage
The rules stated that the four clubs with the greatest total winning margins were to qualify, and proceed, to the semi-final. The four clubs in this case were Widnes, St. Helens, Swinton and Castleford


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers
Scoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments
Knowsley Road was the home of St Helens R.F.C. from 1890 until its closure in 2010. The final capacity was 17,500 although the record attendance was 35,695 set on 26 December 1949 for a league game between St Helens and Wigan.


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments, General information
The Rugby League BBC2 Floodlit Trophy was a knock-out competition sponsored by the BBC and between rugby league clubs, entrance to which was conditional upon the club having floodlights. Most matches were played on an evening, and those of which the second half was televised, were played on a Tuesday evening.


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments, General information
Despite the competition being named as 'Floodlit', many matches took place during the afternoons and not under floodlights, and several of the entrants, including Barrow and Bramley, did not have adequate lighting. When in 1973, due to the world oil crisis, the government restricted the use of floodlights in sport, all of the matches, including the Trophy final, had to be played in the afternoon rather than at night.


1965 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy, Notes and comments, General information
The Rugby League season always (until the onset of "Summer Rugby" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in December (the only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused by inclement weather).


1965 BC Lions season
The 1965 BC Lions finished in fourth place in the Western Conference with a 6–9–1 record and failed to defend their Grey Cup title as the team ended the season on a five-game losing streak and missed the playoffs.


1965 BC Lions season
On October 24, the Lions set the record for the highest single game regular season attendance at Empire Stadium of 37,788 (this was the CFL record that stood for over a decade until 1976).


1965 BC Lions season
While Joe Kapp led the league in passing for the second consecutive season with 2961 yards passing and 219 completions, the other stars on the team were getting older, including star tailback Willie Fleming who had only had 595 yards rushing. Defensive end Dick Fouts was the lone Lion to make the CFL All-star team.


1965 BC Lions season, Regular season, Season schedule
The team had 6 wins and 1 tie in 16 games played:


1965 BRDC International Trophy
The 17th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 15 May 1965 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 52 laps of the Silverstone Grand Prix circuit, and was won by British driver Jackie Stewart in a BRM P261.


1965 BYU Cougars football team
The 1965 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Tommy Hudspeth, the Cougars compiled a 6–4 record (4–1 in WAC, first), and outscored opponents 229 to 178. This WAC championship in 1965 was the first conference title in program history.


1965 BYU Cougars football team
The Cougars' statistical leaders included Virgil Carter with 1,789 passing yards, John Ogden with 700 rushing yards, and Phil Odle with 657 receiving yards and 66 points scored


1965 BYU Cougars football team
The morning of the season finale at New Mexico, a chartered DC-3 with thirteen aboard crashed in a snowstorm near Camp Williams, between Salt Lake City and Provo, Utah. It was bound for Provo to pick up more passengers for the afternoon game in Albuquerque; there were no survivors.


1965 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1965 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State University in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1965 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Ray Louthen, the team compiled a 9–0 record in the regular season and played Tennessee A&I to a 14–14 tie in the 1965 Grantland Rice Bowl.


1965 Ballon d'Or
The 1965 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Eusébio on 28 December 1965.


1965 Ballon d'Or
Eusébio was the first Portuguese national to win the award and still is the only Benfica player to have won it.


1965 Baltimore Colts season
The 1965 Baltimore Colts season was the 13th season for the team in the National Football League. The Baltimore Colts finished the National Football League's 1965 season with a record of 10 wins, 3 losses, and 1 tie, tied for first in the Western Conference with the Green Bay Packers. Although the Packers won both regular season games over the Colts, no tiebreaking system was in place in 1965, and a playoff game was required to determine the Western Conference champion, who would host the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Browns for the NFL title.


1965 Baltimore Colts season
The Colts experienced the Sports Illustrated cover jinx this year, when linebacker Dennis Gaubatz was featured in late November; the article on the team's defense expected the 9–1 Colts to soon clinch the Western title.


1965 Baltimore Colts season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1965 Baltimore Colts season, Postseason
Because the Colts and Packers finished the regular season with identical 10–3–1 records, a tiebreaker playoff game was needed to decide the Western Conference champion, which delayed the NFL championship game a week, as the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Browns stood idle.


1965 Baltimore Colts season, Postseason
The Western Conference playoff game was played at Lambeau Field in Green Bay the day after Christmas and the Colts led the Packers 10–0 at halftime, with third-string quarterback Tom Matte. The Packers, with back-up quarterback Zeke Bratkowski in for injured Bart Starr, tied it up late in the fourth quarter on a controversial 22-yard field goal. Video replays appeared to show the kicked ball sailing wide of the right upright – which, subsequently, resulted in 1) a re-design of NFL goalposts, and 2) changing the placement of an official directly under each upright on field-goal attempts).


1965 Baltimore Colts season, Postseason
The official in question, Jim Tunney (later known as "Dean of NFL Referees"), always maintained that he made the correct call and that the flight of the ball over the goalpost was affected by the wind before it veered to the right. The Packers won the game 13–10 in overtime with a 25-yard field goal. The following week the Packers defeated the Cleveland Browns for the NFL title, their third of five under head coach Vince Lombardi and first of three straight.


1965 Baltimore Orioles season
The 1965 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing 3rd in the American League with a record of 94 wins and 68 losses.


1965 Baltimore Orioles season, Regular season, Record vs. opponents
NOTE: The Los Angeles Angels changed their name to California Angels on September 2, 1965, with the season in progress.


1965 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1965 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1965 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1965 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1965 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1965 Bandy World Championship
The 1965 Bandy World Championship was the fourth Bandy World Championship and was contested between four men's bandy playing nations. The championship was played in five cities of Soviet Union (Arkhangelsk, Ivanovo, Kursk, Moscow and Sverdlovsk) on February 21–27, 1965. The Soviet Union became champions.


1965 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1965 followed a system established for odd-number years after the 1956 election. Namely, the baseball writers were voting on recent players only in even-number years. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players. It selected 19th-century 300-game winner Pud Galvin. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 26, 1965, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.


1965 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
The election of only one person who had been deceased for more than 60 years evoked wide criticism and led to the resumption of annual votes for recent players by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).


1965 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, J. G. Taylor Spink Award
Hugh Fullerton (1873–1945) received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. The award was voted at the December 1964 meeting of the BBWAA, and included in the summer 1965 ceremonies.


1965 Basutoland general election
General elections were held in Basutoland on 29 April 1965. The result was a narrow victory for the Basotholand National Party, which led the country to independence as Lesotho on 4 October the following year. Voter turnout was 62.8%.


1965 Baylor Bears football team
The 1965 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. In their seventh season under head coach John Bridgers, the Bears compiled a 5–5 record (3–4 against conference opponents), tied for fourth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 171 to 156. They played their home games at Baylor Stadium in Waco, Texas.


1965 Baylor Bears football team
The team's statistical leaders included Ken Stockdale with 978 passing yards, Richard Defee with 429 rushing yards, Harlan Lane with 643 receiving yards, and Billy Hayes and George Cheshire with 24 points scored each. Mike V. Bourland and Bill Ferguson were the team captains.


1965 Bechuanaland general election
General elections were held in the Bechuanaland Protectorate on 1 March 1965, the country's first election under universal suffrage. The result was a landslide victory for the Bechuanaland Democratic Party, with Seretse Khama becoming Prime Minister. Following the elections, the country became independent as Botswana on 30 September 1966, at which point Khama became President.


1965 Bechuanaland general election, Campaign
The elections were contested by three main parties; the Bechuanaland Democratic Party led by Khama, the Bechuanaland People's Party led by Philip Matante and the Bechuanaland Independence Party led by Motsamai Mpho. There was also a single independent candidate, G.E.N. Mannathoko, who ran in Tati West. In the Lobatsi and Barolong constituency, there were two candidates from the Bechuanaland People's Party, one of which represented the Motsete branch.


1965 Bechuanaland general election, Campaign
Despite acceptance that the BDP was likely to win easily, there was widespread interest in the elections. The BDP was seen as a moderate party with responsible leaders and realistic policies; in contrast the leaders of the other parties were perceived to be quarrelsome and overly ethnocentric. Three BDP candidates were elected unopposed in Ghanzi, Kgalagadi and Kweneng West.


1965 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1965 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 13 June 1965. It was race 3 of 10 in both the 1965 World Championship of Drivers and the 1965 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was won by British driver Jim Clark who led every lap of the race driving a Lotus 33. It was one of the Scot's most dominant wins.


1965 Belgian Grand Prix
In the rain, he pulled away and with a third of the race to go, the Lotus driver was leading his fellow Scotsman Jackie Stewart by 1 minute and 20 seconds. However, for the last six laps Clark eased off dramatically and when the chequered flag was waved his lead was down to just under 45 seconds.


1965 Belgian general election
General elections were held in Belgium on 23 May 1965. The result was a victory for the Christian Social Party, which won 77 of the 212 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 44 of the 106 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 91.6%. Elections for the nine provincial councils were also held.


1965 Belgian general election
The elections followed the implementation of the 1962 language laws. As a result, the Flemish nationalist People's Union made big gains, as well as the new Democratic Front of the Francophones which was founded as a response to the language laws.


1965 Belgian general election
The election also followed the founding of the Party for Freedom and Progress, succeeding the Liberal Party. The new party aimed to reach a broader voter base, in which it succeeded by more than doubling its number of seats.


1965 Belgian general election
Despite both government parties losing seats, they retained their sizeable majority and continued governing.


1965 Belgian general election, Constituencies
The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives. Seats were reapportioned among the districts due to population growth, which was stronger in Flanders than in Wallonia, and due to several municipalities having been changed to another province following the 1962 language laws. For example, the Comines-Warneton municipalities were transferred from Ypres (West Flanders) to the newly created arrondissement of Mouscron (Hainaut), causing Ypres to lose one seat and Tournai-Ath-Mouscron to gain one seat.


1965 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1965 Big Ten Conference football season was the 70th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1965 NCAA University Division football season.


1965 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1965 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1965 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold


1965 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders
The Big Ten's individual statistical leaders for the 1965 season include the following:


1965 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press International (UPI) as first-team players on the 1965 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1965 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
At the end of the 1965 season, six Big Ten players secured consensus first-team honors on the 1965 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:


1965 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
Other Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:


1965 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
The 1965 Heisman Trophy was awarded to Mike Garrett of USC. Three Big Ten players finished among the top 10 in the voting: Illinois fullback Jim Grabowski (third); Michigan State quarterback Steve Juday (sixth); and Purdue quarterback Bob Griese (eighth).


1965 Big Ten Conference football season, 1966 NFL Draft
The following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1966 NFL Draft:


1965 Birmingham Hall Green by-election
The Birmingham Hall Green by-election of 6 May 1965 was held after the appointment to the Prices and Incomes Board of incumbent Conservative MP Aubrey Jones.


1965 Birmingham Hall Green by-election
The seat was considered safe, having been won at the 1964 United Kingdom general election by over 9,400 votes


1965 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1965 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen. The announcement date varies from year to year. The 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 12 June for the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Sierra Leone, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Malawi, and the Gambia.


1965 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1965 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 12 June 1965.


1965 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1965 Blue Swords
The 1965 Blue Swords (German: Pokal der Blauen Schwerter) was an international senior-level figure skating competition organized in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing. East German national champions Ralph Borghard and Gabriele Seyfert each won their third Blue Swords title, with Borghard defeating France's Robert Dureville and Seyfert defeating her teammate Beate Richter. In the pairs' category, Heidemarie Steiner / Heinz-Ulrich Walther won the first of their three consecutive gold medals at the event.


1965 Bluebonnet Bowl
The 1965 Bluebonnet Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Tennessee Volunteers and the Tulsa Golden Hurricane.


1965 Bluebonnet Bowl, Background
The Golden Hurricane finished as champions of the Missouri Valley Conference. This was the second straight bowl season, the first time they had gone to bowl games in consecutive seasons since 1941-45. The Volunteers sprung up #8 after an upset of #7 Georgia Tech. A loss to Ole Miss the next week dropped them, but three consecutive victories led them back to the Top 10 in the polls in their first bowl since 1957.


1965 Bluebonnet Bowl, Game summary
Hal Wantland gave the Vols a 6–0 lead after a Tulsa fumble led to his 4-yard touchdown catch from Warren a few plays later. The Golden Hurricane made it 6–6 on a Gary McDermott touchdown plunge. Dewey Warren ran for three touchdowns, and Stan Mitchell added in an 11-yard run of his own to contribute to 21 straight points for the Vols. Tulsa had three fumbles and four passes intercepted.


1965 Bluebonnet Bowl, Aftermath
Tulsa did not return to a bowl game until 1976. Tennessee began a bowl streak and went to a bowl game every year until 1974.


1965 Bolivarian Games
The V Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos) were a multi-sport event held between November 20 - December 5, 1965, in Quito and Guayaquil, Ecuador. The Games were organized by the Bolivarian Sports Organization (ODEBO).


1965 Bolivarian Games
Separate inauguration ceremonies for the Games were held in both venues. In Quito, the Games were officially opened by Ecuadorian president and chairman of the military junta Ramón Castro Jijón. Torch lighter was former long distance runner, 10,000 metres gold medal winner at the I Bolivarian Games Luís Calderón. The athlete's oath was sworn by the president's sister, former sprinter and 50 metres gold medal winner at the I Bolivarian Games Carola Castro. In Guayaquil, the Games were officially opened by the president of the organizing committee, Jaime García Naranjo. Torch lighter was Edgar Andrade. The athlete's oath was sworn by baseball player Juvenal Sáenz.


1965 Bolivarian Games
A detailed history of the early editions of the Bolivarian Games between 1938 and 1989 was published in a book written (in Spanish) by José Gamarra Zorrilla, former president of the Bolivian Olympic Committee, and first president (1976-1982) of ODESUR. Gold medal winners from Ecuador were published by the Comité Olímpico Ecuatoriano.


1965 Bolivarian Games, Participation
About 1200 athletes from 6 countries were reported to participate:


1965 Bolivarian Games, Medal count
The medal count for these Games is tabulated below. This table is sorted by the number of gold medals earned by each country. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals.


1965 Bolivian Primera División
The 1965 Bolivian Primera División, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 4 teams. The champion was Deportivo Municipal.


1965 Bondi state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bondi on 6 November 1965 because Abe Landa (Labor) resigned to accept the position of Agent-General for New South Wales in London. This position was usually a sinecure for retiring members of the ruling party but Premier Robert Askin offered it to Landa to force his resignation from parliament and cause a by-election with the hope of increasing his government's small majority. Landa's acceptance of the position resulted in his expulsion from the Labor Party.


1965 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1965 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. The Eagles were led by fourth-year head coach Jim Miller and played their home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. Boston College finished with a record of 6–4.


1965 Boston Patriots season
The 1965 Boston Patriots season was the franchise's 6th season in the American Football League. The Patriots ended the season with a record of four wins and eight losses and two ties, and finished third in the AFL's Eastern Division.


1965 Boston Patriots season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1965 Boston Red Sox season
The 1965 Boston Red Sox season was the 65th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished ninth in the American League (AL) with a record of 62 wins and 100 losses, 40 games behind the AL champion Minnesota Twins, against whom the 1965 Red Sox lost 17 of 18 games. The team drew only 652,201 fans to Fenway Park, seventh in the ten-team league but the Red Sox' lowest turnstile count since 1945, the last year of World War II.


1965 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season, Record vs. opponents
NOTE: The Los Angeles Angels changed their name to California Angels on September 2, 1965, with the season in progress.


1965 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1965 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1965 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1965 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1965 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1965 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1965 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Warren Schmakel, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record, scored 140 points, and gave up 140 points.


1965 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1965 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Gibson, the Falcons compiled a 7–2 record (5–1 against MAC opponents), tied with Miami for the MAC championship, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 123 to 107.


1965 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The team's statistical leaders included Dwight Wallace with 425 passing yards, Stew Williams with 616 rushing yards, and Dave Cranmer with 180 receiving yards.


1965 Brabantse Pijl
The 1965 Brabantse Pijl was the fifth edition of the Brabantse Pijl cycle race and was held on 31 March 1965. The race started and finished in  Brussels. The race was won by Willy Bocklant.


1965 British Grand Prix
The 1965 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 10 July 1965. It was race 5 of 10 in both the 1965 World Championship of Drivers and the 1965 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 80-lap race was won by Lotus driver Jim Clark after he started from pole position. Graham Hill finished second for the BRM team and Ferrari driver John Surtees came in third.


1965 British Grand Prix, Race report
The race itself was dramatic. Clark led away from pole with Hill close behind. With 16 laps to go, the BRM driver had begun experiencing brake issues and was 35 seconds adrift of the leading Lotus. Then the Scot started to lose oil pressure, which was getting worse every lap. Clark - thinking fast - chose to nurse his car to the finish by killing the engine through the fast corners. This meant that he lost at least 2 seconds per lap, which allowed Hill to close up rapidly. At the chequered flag, Clark was still running, but his lead had shrunk to a mere 3 seconds.


1965 British Honduras general election
General elections were held in British Honduras (now Belize) on 1 March 1965. Belizeans elected 18 members to the British Honduras Legislative Assembly.


1965 British Honduras general election
The ruling People's United Party (PUP) won 16 of 18 seats in the elections. However, the opposition National Independence Party entered the Legislative Assembly for the first time in the election, with party leader Philip Goldson winning in the Albert constituency and Edwin Morey winning in Toledo North.


1965 British League season
The 1965 British League season was the 31st season of the top tier of speedway in the United Kingdom. It was also the first known as the new British League which was formed in 1965, along with the British Speedway Promoters Association (BSPA). The league was an amalgamation of the National League and the Provincial League.


1965 British League season, Summary
Middlesbrough Bears did not join the new league and Norwich Stars had closed for good. Halifax Dukes were new entrants.1929-1977


1965 British League season, Summary
West Ham Hammers were the first ever British League winners. It was their first league success since 1937. The West Ham team included Scot Ken McKinlay who finished the season third in the averages at 10.72 and the Norwegian champion Sverre Harrfeldt who finished fifth in the averages. They were supported well by British internationals Norman Hunter and Malcolm Simmons. The West Ham team completed the double when winning the British League Knockout Cup. In the final they defeated Exeter Falcons 63-33.


1965 British League season, Summary
Sadly the season was not a complete success because during a challenge match at West Ham Stadium a junior rider called David John Wills was killed in a race after crashing. Wimbledon Dons headed by leading Swedish rider Olle Nygren fought West Ham throughout the season and only lost the league by a single point.


1965 British League season, Final table
M = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points


1965 British League season, Knockout Cup
West Ham Hammers won the Knockout Cup and completed the double of league and cup.


1965 British Saloon Car Championship
The 1965 British Saloon Car Championship, was the eighth season of the championship. The title was won by Roy Pierpoint in a Ford Mustang, competing in his debut season.


1965 British Saloon Car Championship, Calendar & Winners
All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold.


1965 British Sports Car Championship
The 1965 British Sports Car Championship was the second season of the British Sports Car Championship.


1965 British Sports Car Championship, Results
Races in bold, when also rounds of the World Championship for Makes.


1965 British West Indies Championships
The 1965 British West Indies Championships was the sixth and final edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. It was held in Bridgetown, Barbados. The dissolution of the West Indies Federation, and the broader sports co-operation it had engendered, left the competition without the support to continue. A total of 28 events were contested, eighteen by men and ten by women. The men's half marathon, pole vault and relay races were all revived for this final edition, although the 3000 metres steeplechase was dropped. Jamaica was the most successful nation, taking seventeen of the titles on offer – it was Jamaica's fourth win at the competition and the only time a host nation did not top the medal table.


1965 British West Indies Championships
Wellesley Clayton was the only male athlete to defend his title from the 1964 championships, winning the long jump for a second time. On the women's side Carmen Smith retained her 100 metres title and Una Morris finished undefeated in the 400 metres. Joan Gordon won both the shot put and discus throw for a second time running, while Beverley Welsh was again victorious in the long jump. Billy Montague was the last man to win two individual gold medals at the same championships, scoring a hurdles double. Two sons of then-Chief Minister of Antigua Vere Bird (Ivor and Lester) won medals at the tournament.


1965 British West Indies Championships
Despite this being the final edition, the standard of performances was comparatively high, with thirteen championship records being equalled or bettered. The men's 100 metres winner Lennox Miller went on to claim Olympic silver three years later. Long-time participants George Kerr and Harry Prowell both returned to the podium and claimed their eighth career medal of the championships, while Clifton Bertrand (the inaugural 200 m champion) won his sixth individual sprint medal here.


1965 British West Indies Championships
After the end of the British West Indies championships, athletics competition between Caribbean nations continued in the form of the long-standing quadrennial Central American and Caribbean Games. In addition, a new venue for such contests followed soon after the dissolution of the championships: the biennial Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics was launched in 1967.


1965 Brown Bears football team
The 1965 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University during the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. Brown tied for last in the Ivy League.


1965 Brown Bears football team
In their seventh season under head coach John McLaughry, the Bears compiled a 2–7 record and were outscored 169 to 128. Quarterback Bob Hall and defensive end Rich O’Toole were the team captains.


1965 Brown Bears football team
The Bears' 1–6 conference record tied for seventh in the Ivy League standings. They were outscored by Ivy opponents 208 to 61.


1965 Brown Bears football team
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.


1965 Brownlow Medal
The 1965 Brownlow Medal was the 38th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Noel Teasdale of the North Melbourne Football Club and Ian Stewart of the St Kilda Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty votes during the 1965 VFL season.


1965 Bruneian general election
General elections were held for the first time in Brunei in March 1965. To date, they are the last elections held in the country.


1965 Bruneian general election
The majority of the 36 candidates contesting the election were independents, some of which were former members of the banned Brunei People's Party (PRB).


1965 Bruneian general election, Background
The Legislative Council was established by the 1959 constitution. It originally consisted of 17 appointed members and 16 members elected by members of district councils. In December 1963 Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III announced that general elections would be held within the next two years. Following discussions with the British government, it was agreed that direct elections would be held to a reconstituted Council in 1965, with 10 elected members, five appointed members and six ex officio members.


1965 Bruneian general election, Results
Three of the elected councillors – Yusof Limbang, Zainal Abidin Puteh and Abdul Wahab Safar – were former BRP members. Of the 19,144 registered voters, around 80% participated in the elections.


1965 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1965 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University during the 1965 NCAA College Division football season. Bucknell won the championship of the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division.


1965 Bucknell Bison football team
In their first year under head coach Carroll Huntress, the Bison compiled a 6–3 record. T. Geoffrey Traub was the team captain.


1965 Bucknell Bison football team
After winning their first two games, the Bison were ranked No. 18 in the UPI national College Division coaches poll, but lost that week to Penn and dropped out of the rankings. Despite recovering with a conference-winning record, they remained unranked through the end of the year.


1965 Bucknell Bison football team
Bucknell played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1965 Buffalo Bills season
The 1965 Buffalo Bills season was the team’s sixth season in the American Football League. Though not as statistically dominant as the previous season, the Bills won a second consecutive league championship.


1965 Buffalo Bills season
Although Buffalo's offense was in the middle of the pack in 1965, it was their dominant team defense that kept them atop the league's standings. Buffalo gave up only 226 points (16.1 per game), fewest in the AFL, and one point fewer than AFL Championship runner-up San Diego. The Bills' opportunistic defense led the league in interceptions, with 32, and gave up a league-low four rushing touchdowns all season. Between week 6 of the 1964 season, through week eight of the 1965 season, including two 1964 playoff games, the Bills' defense did not allow a touchdown by rushing, a Professional Football record that still stands.


1965 Buffalo Bills season
The Bills, who had led the AFL in points, rushing yards and total yards the previous season, suffered significantly after losing star running back Cookie Gilchrist in the offseason. Statistically, the Bills dropped to 6th (out of 8) in rushing yards, and 7th in passing yards. Still, they managed to finish 3rd in the AFL in points scored, with 313 (22.3 per game).


1965 Buffalo Bills season
The Bills' turnover ratio was +18, best in the AFL, and fourth best in AFL history. Buffalo's +87 point differential was second-best in the league in 1965.


1965 Buffalo Bills season
Seven Bills made the 1965 AFL All-Star team: safety George Saimes, cornerback Butch Byrd, linebacker Mike Stratton, defensive tackle Tom Sestak, guard Billy Shaw, kicker Pete Gogolak, and quarterback Jack Kemp.


1965 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason
The Bills lost All-AFL running back Cookie Gilchrist to the Denver Broncos after the 1964 season. Bills running back Wray Carlton would take over as the Bills' lead back.


1965 Buffalo Bills season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1965 Buffalo Bulls football team
The 1965 Buffalo Bulls football team represented the University at Buffalo in the 1965 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulls offense scored 145 points while the defense allowed 78 points.


1965 Bulgarian Cup Final
The 1965 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 25th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between CSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia on 8 September 1965 at Ovcha Kupel Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 3–2.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt
The 1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt was an attempt by officials in the Bulgarian Communist Party and officers in the Bulgarian People's Army to oust the leadership of the party, more specifically the General-Secretary Todor Zhivkov. These plans were foiled in April 1965 before the coup could be carried out.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Background
After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 the new Soviet leadership under Nikita Khrushchev began a process of liberalization and de-Stalinization. This created a power struggle within the party between the Hardliners who opposed the reforms and Khrushchev's supporters. Internationally the divide between the now-liberal minded Soviets and the hardline leadership of China became apparent in the early 60s with the Sino-Soviet split.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Background
In Bulgaria, the Stalinist Valko Chervenkov was dismissed from the leadership of the party in 1954 and then from his position as Prime Minister in 1956. The new General-Secretary (Zhivkov) began to implement de-Stalinization in the Bulgarian Communist Party. Anton Yugov succeeded Chervenkov as Prime Minister, but was removed in 1962 — succeeded by Zhivkov — allowing the latter to remain the unchallenged leader of Bulgaria.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Preparations
In October 1964 two members of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party, Ivan Todorov-Gorunya and Tsolo Krastev, began to plot against Zhivkov. The conspirators were hardline communists, influenced by Mao Zedong of China, who denounced the leadership of the Communist Party for having become "opportunists" and for following the "revisionist" Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. Although Khrushchev was removed on 14 October, the conspirators aimed at establishing a more Marxist–Leninist Bulgaria.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Preparations
Several dozen officers joined, including the commander of the Sofia garrison General Tsvyatko Anev; the head of the personal cabinet of the Мinister of Defence, Colonel Ivan Velchev; the deputy chief of the Мain Political Directorate of the Bulgarian People's Army General Мicho Ermenov; and the chief of department at the General Staff, General Lyuben Dinov.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Preparations
The plan was to execute the coup with the aid of the Bulgarian People's Army during the plenum of the Central Committee of the BCP. They planned to use the tank brigade based around Sofia, the Guard Division and the First Army headquarters in Sofia as a show of force against the party leadership.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Discovery of the plot
The conspirators aroused suspicion and a counter-intelligence operation carried out between 28 March and 12 April 1965 uncovered the scheme and arrested those involved. Some sources say that the leaders of the plot were being spied on even before 1964 because they were not fully trusted by the party leadership. The first arrested was General Anev on 8 April 1965. Following his arrest the coup leader, Todorov-Gorunya, committed suicide at home. On 12 April the rest of the plotters were arrested. Nine of them were court martialed and were given sentences varying from 8 to 15 years, and another 192 people were given administrative penalties.


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Domestic response
Rumors spread throughout Sofia about the suicide of a high-ranked party official and about the possibility of a plot against the current leadership. The state-controlled media, however, denounced all rumors as "fantastic fabrications and malicious propaganda."


1965 Bulgarian coup d'état attempt, Rehabilitation
On 15 June 1990 the Military College of the Supreme Court rehabilitated the convicted conspirators, stating: "These offenses were socially necessary and aimed at the overthrow of a regime, which has absolutely been proven to of had been dictatorial".


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt
On 18–19 October 1965, a group of ethnic Hutu officers from the Burundian military and gendarmerie attempted to overthrow Burundi's government in a coup d'état. The rebels were frustrated with Burundi's monarch, Mwami Mwambutsa IV, who had repeatedly attempted to cement his control over the government and bypassed parliamentary norms despite Hutu electoral gains. Although the prime minister was shot and wounded, the coup failed due to the intervention of a contingent of troops led by Captain Michel Micombero. The attempted putsch provoked a backlash against Hutus in which thousands of people, including the participants in the coup, were killed. The coup also facilitated a militant Tutsi backlash against the monarchy resulting in two further coups which culminated in the abolition of the monarchy in November 1966 and the proclamation of a republic with Micombero as President of Burundi.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
In 1962, the Belgian trust territory of Ruanda-Urundi received independence, creating the Republic of Rwanda and the Kingdom of Burundi. Both states historically had monarchies with members of the Tutsi ethnic group holding higher social prestige over a Hutu ethnic majority, but Rwanda's monarchy was abolished by a political revolution in 1959–1961. In Burundi the Mwami (king), Mwambutsa IV, was popular with all groups but was himself Ganwa. Tutsis, Hutus and Ganwas were part of the dominant political party, the Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progrès national, UPRONA).


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
On 13 October 1961, the Prime Minister of Burundi, UPRONA leader Louis Rwagasore, was assassinated in a plot devised by political rivals with the support of some Belgian officials. His death derailed his attempts to build national inter-ethnic cohesion and facilitated the growth of Hutu-Tutsi tensions. His murder also stoked divisions in UPRONA, and fueled a rivalry between Hutu politician Paul Mirerekano and the new Ganwa prime minister, André Muhirwa. Both claimed to be the heirs to Rwagasore's legacy and both sought to become president of UPRONA in his wake. The controversy led to the coalescing of two factions in the party, with Muhirwa leading the Tutsi-dominated "Casablanca group" and Mirekano leading the Hutu-led "Monrovia group". The former was generally anti-West in its political orientation, while the latter took a more moderate stance on the West.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
After Muhirwa's government resigned in 1963, the Mwami consolidated power in the court, and he attempted to cement his authority over the successive governments and bypassed parliamentary norms. This provoked protests from members of the National Assembly. Meanwhile, the Casablanca group grew increasingly close to People's Republic of China, which used its connections in Burundi to support communist rebels in neighbouring states. Fearing a Chinese-sponsored coup was being planned, in January 1965 Mwambutsa dismissed Prime Minister Albin Nyamoya and asked Hutu politician Pierre Ngendandumwe to form a new government.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
Surprised by this development, the Casablanca leaders conspired with Rwandan refugees and assassinated Ngendandumwe a few days later. The government arrested several Rwandans as well as leading figures of the Casablanca group, but all of the charges were eventually dropped. The lack of a conviction for the murder became a grievance for Hutu politicians. Another Hutu, Joseph Bamina, was made Prime Minister as a compromise between the Casablanca and Monrovia factions.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
With Ngendandumwe's death having created a political crisis, the Mwami scheduled new elections for the National Assembly. By then, Hutu political consciousness had risen and in the May 1965 contests 23 of the 33 seats in the Assembly were won by Hutus, and 10 of these were won by politicians from the Hutu-interest aligned Parti du Peuple (PP). UPRONA won a majority 21 seats, but by then the party had lost cohesion and was overtaken by factionalism. Hutus were subsequently selected by the Assembly to lead its bureau.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
While discussions on the creation of a new government took place, Gervais Nyangoma offered himself as a candidate to be named prime minister. He was a Hutu who served as Director-General of the Prime Minister's Office and was critical of the monarchy. In August the Mwami rejected consideration of Nyangoma for the premiership, surprising Hutu deputies in the Assembly. On 13 September Mwambutsa instead selected Léopold Biha, a trusted Ganwa associated with his court, to lead the government.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
The installation of Biha infuriated many Hutus and some extremist Tutsis; though he was personally well-respected, his appointment was viewed as an autocratic move by the Mwami. There were rumours that radical Tutsi army officers were planning a coup. While seven of the other 10 portfolios were granted to Hutus, giving them their first cabinet majority since independence, Hutu parliamentarians felt that the Mwami continued to exercise outsized influence over the government and that they did not have true control. Tutsi leaders were also angered, feeling that the government had been imposed upon them by the crown.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
On 2 September Mwambutsa issued an arrêté-loi that reduced the number of communes in the country from 181 to 78 and made all burgomasters appointed functionaries responsible to the crown and the government instead of locally elected officials. Hutu politicians were infuriated by the Mwami's bypassing of the parliamentary government in issuing the decree and by removing their potential to consolidate their strength in communal elections. On 28 September a group of Hutu members of Parliament—including the officers of both the Assembly and the Senate—signed a letter declaring that they "absolutely refused to accept the provisions of the arrêté-loi".


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Background
The recasting of the burgomasters was particularly sensitive since, after the elections, disruptions and complaints had arose from the countryside involving disputes with local officials due to ethnic tensions and alleged discrimination. With resentment at the Mwami's increased involvement in politics building, talk of coup plots circulated among Hutu and Tutsi politicians and were repeated in reports by foreign observers.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Coup attempt
Late in the night on 18 October 1965, Secretary of State for the Gendarmerie Antoine Serukwavu left Kamenge with several jeeps and troops, headed towards the Mwami's palace. Near there he was joined by a small group of mostly-Hutu paracommandos led by a Hutu non-commissioned officer (NCO), Budaga. They were quickly joined by a third group of putschists led by gendarmerie NCOs François Rusake and Albert Harimenshi. Rusake and Harimenshi proceeded to launch an attack on the palace, while a Hutu army officer, Banikwa, went to his barracks presumably to gather reinforcements. The New York Times estimated that about 120 gendarmes and soldiers were involved in the attack. They were aided by one of the Mwami's palace guards.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Coup attempt
At the palace, the putschists shot three sentries. According to political scientist René Lemarchand, they then attempted to breach the compound, but were met with stiff resistance from the Mwami's personal guards. According to a report compiled by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the putschists briefly entered the palace and killed 10 Tutsi soldiers. The document reported rumours that Mwambutsa only avoided being captured because his telephone operator told him to hide in the palace and when the putschists confronted the operator he told them that the Mwami had already fled.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Coup attempt
As Banikwa returned to his camp he was shot by a guard and thus unable to complete his mission. Army Captain Michel Micombero brought a contingent of loyalist troops to the palace and caught the putschists in a crossfire. Faced with this situation, they surrendered. While the battle was ongoing at the palace, a separate group of gendarmes drove to Biha's residence and beckoned him to step outside, saying the Mwami needed to see him. Unsuspecting of their motives, Biha obliged and the putschists fired at him point-blank, striking his shoulder, abdomen, and leg. Though seriously wounded, the prime minister escaped. Hutu troops also mutinied at Bujumbura's two main military camps, and order was not restored until the following morning. Faced with the failure of the coup, Serukwavu fled to Rwanda.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Aftermath, Civil unrest
Shortly after the attempted putsch, bands of Hutu militants began attacking Tutsi families and setting fire to homes. Most disturbances took place in Muramvya Province, though violence occurred in other places, particularly around Cibitoke near Rwanda. Twa people also participated in the hostilities. The Muramvya attacks were largely attributed to the Jeunesse Mirerekano, a youth political organisation created by Mirerekano to support Hutu candidates for public office, though its role in the violence remains contested.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Aftermath, Civil unrest
At least 500 Tutsi civilians were killed, while approximately 1,000 sought shelter at a Catholic mission in Bukeye and an additional 500 found refuge at the mission in Muramvya. The army and "self-defence" groups under its supervision launched reprisals. In Muramvya, one local commissioner, Tharcisse Ntavyubhua, shot at nearly every Hutu he encountered. The incumbent Hutu governor of the province was executed and Ntavyubhua subsequently replaced him. An estimated 2,500–5,000 Hutus were killed, and hundreds more imprisoned, including in Gitega Province, where there had been no violence. Approximately 4,000 refugees fled to Rwanda.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Aftermath, Government response
Shaken by the fighting, Mwambutsa fled his palace and by the morning of 19 October had taken refuge in the city of Uvira in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He only returned to Bujumbura after white mercenaries in the employ of the Armée Nationale Congolaise determined that it would be safe for him to do so. Nevertheless, he stayed for only several days and fled to Europe on 2 November. He never returned to Burundi, and in Lemarchand's view his departure greatly tarnished the image of the monarchy. Biha also went to Belgium for several weeks to be treated for his injuries; Mathieu Muhakwanke served as acting premier in his absence. The remnants of his government set about repressing the perpetrators of the coup and suspected collaborators.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Aftermath, Government response
On 21 October, a government-sponsored conseil de guerre sentenced 34 army personnel to death. They were executed by firing squad later that day. Four days later nine gendarmes—including four officers—were executed. Satisfied that the armed forces had been dealt with, the government then began detaining Hutu politicians. On 28 October, 10 were tried before the conseil de guerre and executed. The International Commission of Jurists reported that 86 people were executed in improvised tribunals jointly managed by the army and the Ministry of Justice.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Aftermath, Government response
Among the most prominent persons executed were Nyangoma, President of the National Assembly Emile Bucumi, Second Vice-President of the National Assembly Mirerekano, President of the Senate Sylvestre Karibwami, former Minister of Economy Ignace Ndimanya, chef de cabinet of the Ministry of Economy Bernard Niyirikana, and PP president Pierre Burarume. All the signatories of the September letter of protest to the Mwami were killed. Bamina was arrested and eventually executed in December. Senator Claver Nuwinkware, a former minister, was detained but eventually released several months later. Nyangoma was generally presumed by the government to have proposed the putsch.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Aftermath, Government response
According to Lemarchand, some Hutu politicians and civil servants were probably involved in the plot, but a substantial number of those executed were innocent. Serukwavu asserted that no politicians were involved in his plot. The government repression was ultimately denounced by the International Commission of Jurists, the International Labour Organization, the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, and the International Committee of the Red Cross. Some Hutu UPRONA members who escaped the purge gathered in Butare, Rwanda and founded the Parti Démocrate Hutu, an organisation dedicated to launching a Hutu revolution in Burundi.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Aftermath, Government response
As Mwambutsa fled to Europe he suspended the powers of the Biha government, leaving all authority with the ministries' director-generals, the secretaries of state, and the provincial governors. Mwambutsa restored the powers of the Biha government on 20 November. However, with the Mwami outside of the country and the prime minister incapable of discharging his duties, de facto governance fell to the army and the civil service. In December the Foreign Ministry ordered the expulsion of Donald A. Dumont, the United States Ambassador, accusing him of "rightly or wrongly" being under suspicion of having alleged contacts with the perpetrators of the coup attempt.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Long-term implications
Faced with the difficulties of trying govern from abroad and being increasingly attracted to a comfortable life in Europe, on 24 March 1966 Mwambutsa issued a decree giving Crown Prince Charles Ndizeye "special powers to co-ordinate and control the activities of the government and the secretariats of state". The Mwami did not specify whether he was de facto abdicating the throne. In the meantime, young army officers, junior civil servants, and cadres from radical youth organisations—all mostly Tutsi—became increasingly aware of the influence which they had gained in government. The army group, led by Micombero, was predominant in this informal coalition. Tutsi intellectuals and radicals—especially Gilles Bimazubute—began calling for the removal of the Biha government and the dissolution of the monarchy.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Long-term implications
On 8 July 1966 Ndizeye took control of the government and became the new head of state of Burundi. His usurpation was orchestrated by the young radicals and army officers with the hope that they could shape the nature of the Burundian regime while using the symbols of the monarchy to retain legitimacy. Ndizeye dismissed the Biha government and appointed a new one led by Micombero as prime minister. On 1 September he was formally crowned as Mwami Ntare IV.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Long-term implications
Soon thereafter conflict arose between Ntare, who wished to actively rule, and the new government and its supporters, eager to implement progressive reforms without interference from the crown. On 28 November, while Ntare was abroad, the army launched a coup. The army proclaimed the transformation of Burundi into a republic under the leadership of a National Revolutionary Council and Micombero as the new President of Burundi. In the following years some Tutsi government officials feared that Hutu soldiers would attempt enact a "repeat of '65". A plot by Hutu army personnel was uncovered in September 1969, and in response the Micombero regime purged the armed forces and government, solidifying Tutsi hegemony in the country.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Long-term implications
The attempted putsch has generally been portrayed in historiography as a "Hutu coup". Burundian academic opinion on the coup attempt remains divided along ethnic lines, with Hutu writers being more sympathetic to the perpetrators and Tutsi writers portraying them more negatively. Different accounts of the events are offered, with some scholars suggesting that the putschists actually located and addressed the Mwami in his palace, and some saying the coup failed when the rebellious soldiers and gendarmes began shooting at each other in confusion.


1965 Burundian coup d'état attempt, Long-term implications
There is also debate surrounding the motives of the putschists, such as whether they intended to capture or kill the Mwami, or whether they intended to repress the Tutsi population after seizing power. Some Hutu scholars suggest that Tutsi officers were party to the plot and opportunistically blamed it on Hutus to their own advantage.


1965 Burundian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 10 May 1965, the first since independence in 1962. Voters elected the National Assembly, which had been reduced from 64 to 33 seats. They followed the assassination of Prime Minister Pierre Ngendandumwe on 15 January 1965, and were won by the ruling Union for National Progress.


1965 Burundian legislative election, Results, Senate
Following the National Assembly elections, the 16-member Senate was filled. Eight members of the Senate were elected by the members of the National Assembly, all of which were UPRONA members. The eight Senate members elected a further four members, with a further four appointed by the King.


1965 Burundian legislative election, Aftermath
Despite the decisive victory by Hutu candidates in the election, King Mwambutsa IV appointed a Tutsi prince, Léopold Biha, as Prime Minister.


1965 Burundian legislative election, Aftermath
Tensions finally erupted into violence following an attempted coup by Hutu army officers in October 1965. The failed coup was followed by a major purge of Hutus in the armed forces. Hutu politicians and civilians were also killed. The following year Mwambutsa was overthrown by his son, Ntare V, who was deposed in a military coup later in the year, ending the country's monarchy.


1965 CFL season
The 1965 Canadian Football League season is considered to be the 12th season in modern-day Canadian football, although it is officially the eighth Canadian Football League season.


1965 CFL season, CFL News in 1965
The Canadian Football League commissioned an economic study of Canadian football and all its aspects. The Canadian Football League Players' Association was formed and had their first meetings on May 15 and 16 in Toronto.


1965 CFL season, Regular season standings, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1965 CFL season, Playoff bracket, Grey Cup Championship
53rd Annual Grey Cup Game: Exhibition Stadium – Toronto, Ontario


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The 1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup was the edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean), the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. It determined that year's club champion of association football in the CONCACAF region.


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The tournament was played by 12 teams of 12 nations: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, Netherlands Antilles, Dutch Guiana, Trinidad and Tobago. The tournament was played from 3 October 1965 till 31 March 1966.


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The teams were split in 3 zones (North American, Central American and Caribbean), each one qualifying the winner to the final tournament, where the winners of the North and Central zones played a semi-final to decide who was going to play against the Caribbean champion in the final. All the matches in the tournament were played under the home/away match system.


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
In this there was no champion since the final of the tournament could not be held, so it was declared void.


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, North American Zone
The match did not take place because no club participated.


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, Caribbean Zone, First Round, Group A
All matches were scheduled to be held in Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles from 13 December to 17 December 1965, but were cancelled.


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, Caribbean Zone, First Round, Group B
All matches were scheduled to be held in Oranjestad, Netherlands Antilles from 13 December to 17 December 1965, but were cancelled.


1965 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, Caribbean Zone, Second round
The match was scheduled to take place on December 19, 1965 in Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles, but was cancelled.


1965 CONCACAF Championship
The 1965 CONCACAF Championship, the second edition of the CONCACAF Championship, was held in Guatemala from 28 March to 11 April.


1965 CONCACAF Championship, Qualifying Tournament, Caribbean zone
Jamaica, Trinidad, Dominican Republic withdrew from qualifying due to a schedule clash with qualification for the 1966 FIFA World Cup.


1965 CONCACAF Championship, Qualifying Tournament, Caribbean zone
Hosts of the final tournament, Guatemala refused to grant the Cubans visas to visit the country.


1965 CONCACAF Championship, Qualifying Tournament, Caribbean zone
Cuba complained to Helmut Käser, FIFA's General Secretary requesting for FIFA not to recognise CONCACAF. Käser stated that FIFA could not do so and referred the issue of Guatemalan visas for the Cubans to CONCACAF. As they were not able to enter the competition, Cuba withdrew.


1965 CONCACAF Championship, Qualifying Tournament, Caribbean zone
Haiti and Netherlands Antilles automatically qualified for the final round.


1965 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1965 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1965 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).


1965 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The team was led by fourth-year head coach Sheldon Harden and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins and eight losses (2–8, 1–4 CCAA).


1965 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1966 NFL Draft.


1965 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team
The 1965 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit during the 1965 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1965.