1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
Banda was unwilling to meet them as long as they insisted on an all or nothing reinstatement, but he was willing to consider re-instating Chokani and Bwanausi, and possibly Chirwa, but not Chipembere or Chiume. Jones' efforts to enable the reinstatement some of the ministers between September 16 and 18 failed, as did his last-ditch attempt at compromise on September 26, when a meeting planned by Chipembere in Blantyre on that day and the next was banned, ostensibly because he had not obtained police permission. As clashes between supporters of the ex-ministers and Banda began, any hope of reconciliation faded. Over the next few weeks a number of senior civil servants and associates of the former ministers left Malawi as the conflict spread.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
Zomba became a centre of support for the ex-ministers and to counteract this on the night of 27/28 September, supporters of Banda from the Youth League of the MCP were bussed into Zomba and tried to close Zomba market and force those civil servants that were on strike back to work. However, the more numerous civil servants, armed themselves with sticks and attacked MCP supporters and burned down the party's national headquarters and a shop owned by the local MCP chairman. During these disturbances, one newly-appointed minister, Albert Muwalo was assaulted by the pro-Chipembere crowd, and another was severely beaten. By 30 September Muwalo and every other minister that supported Banda had left Zomba and supporters of the dismissed ministers remained in control of Zomba until troops and police moved in to restore calm a few days later.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
The ministers that had resigned or were dismissed had no coherent plans for resisting Banda and disagreed about what should happen when his powers were reduced. On the other hand, Banda had, in the six years since he had returned to the country, gained control of the MCP where his supporters controlled it in all three regions of Malawi and many districts, and had appointed many of its MPs. In addition, the security forces and police remained loyal, so Banda would have been difficult to dislodge if, as he did, he refused to relinquish power.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Causes of the Cabinet Crisis
Chiume later drew attention to long standing political differences between Banda and the younger generation of MCP leaders, some going back to Banda's return in 1959, although until shortly before the August 1964 crisis, Chiume publicly supported Banda enthusiastically. Chipembere rejected this claim, dating their opposition to the post- independence period when Banda's actions became intolerable to them. Banda claimed in September and October 1964 that the ex-ministers, particularly Chiume and Chipembere, had been plotting to remove him from office and that these plots had been going on for some time.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Causes of the Cabinet Crisis
This is unlikely in view of the ministers' lack of agreed objectives and the unplanned nature of their response. The conversion of Chiume from loyalty to Banda bordering on sycophancy at odds with several of his cabinet colleagues to leading cabinet opposition to Banda took place extraordinarily quickly in August 1964, and his actions in leading the opposition to Banda was the nearest thing there was to any concerted plot. Both Chipembere in September and Chirwa in October tried to resolve to the crisis through compromise rather than plotting.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Causes of the Cabinet Crisis
In a paper written by Chipembere (reprinted in Baker), Chipembere ascribes Banda starting to criticise ministers publicly from October 1963 to British administrative and intelligence officers who surrounded Dr. Banda and felt insecure in their jobs. These, said Chipembere, worked for the radicals' dismissal from the cabinet by creating suspicion and distrust in Dr. Banda's mind. He claimed to have found this out when visiting a neighbouring African country around this time, but did not give the source of this information. From February 1963, Banda received monthly reports from the police Special Branch, which he did not share with his cabinet colleagues. A number of these reports were critical of certain specific activities of Chipembere and Chiume.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Causes of the Cabinet Crisis
As Chipembere neither states the source of his information nor is specific about who the British officers surrounding Banda were, it is difficult to evaluate his claims. However, both he and Banda talk in terms of plots and misinformation. This may arise from the prevailing MCP intolerance of any perceived or imagined dissent. From 1956, Chipembere and Chiume promoted mass nationalism and led a major recruiting drive for the Nyasaland African Congress. Even in the early years, elements of a totalitarian ideology intolerant of any dissent started to appear. As Chipembere noted of himself in 1961, he had denounced the multi-party system as "... a system of Government with a built-in subversive mechanism."


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Causes of the Cabinet Crisis
Between his release in April 1960 and independence in July 1964, Banda and his followers made MCP into an absolutist body. As early as August 1958, Banda had claimed the right to make all MCP appointments and dismiss any member of the party. He also became its Life President and the centre of a personality cult fostered by Chiume as Publicity Secretary. Members of opposition parties were harassed and assaulted, trade unions were fiercely criticised and there was an attack on mission-based churches in the party newspaper. All were seen as rivals to MCP, even Jehovah's Witnesses, whose movement was detached from politics, and whose members declined to join MCP. All forms of political intolerance and violence increased before the 1963 pre-independence elections.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Causes of the Cabinet Crisis
In May 1964, Chiume looked forward to Malawi being organised with no opposition at all and claimed that there was nothing wrong with dictatorship. Banda went further in saying that any government chosen by the people themselves was not a dictatorship. By the time that many of the ministers had concerns about the reintroduction of Preventive Detention in July 1964, the possibility of reasoned opposition to Banda was long past. The Cabinet Crisis did not therefore represent any change in the nature of MCP, merely that, as external enemies had been subdued, its leader made enemies of the party's own long-term members.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, The ministers leave
In October 1964, Chokani and Bwanausi, who had refused to rejoin the cabinet without their colleagues, left voluntarily for Zambia following Banda's refusal to negotiate. Chiume and Chisiza, who had gone to the north of Malawi in September, both crossed into Tanzania (as Tanganyika had become) on 1 October because they feared for their safety. Chirwa met Banda in the hope of serving as a judge but was beaten up by Banda's guards, and went into hiding before leaving secretly for Tanzania on 22 October.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, The ministers leave
Chipembere had remained at his home in Fort Johnston District, avoiding any contact with Banda or Jones, under the protection of numerous local supporters. On 25 October, Banda claimed at an MPC meeting that the ex-ministers were plotting to overthrow him by force. Chipembere left his house on 28 October to go into hiding, following which Banda ordered his arrest, "... alive if possible, but if not alive then any other way." After Cameron had resigned in July 1964, he was advised to leave the country in November 1964, and returned to Scotland.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, The ministers leave
The British government thought an outcome to the crisis in which Banda shed some of his powers to the ministers but remained in charge would be ideal but, failing that, it was prepared to back him against his ministers. There was the fear that Chipembere and Chiume would align Malawi too closely with China, whereas Banda would be more favourable to British interests. Glyn Jones, as Governor-general was in a difficult position as he could only advise and had no executive power.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, The ministers leave
In September 1964 his frequent meeting with Banda and the ministers, except for Chiume (who refused to meet him), both before and after they left office, were aimed at an accommodation between Banda and at least some of the ministers. His constitutional duty was however to support Banda once he had won the vote of confidence. Chipembere later claimed that expatriate civil servants and security officers had turned Banda against him and his colleagues. While there is little doubt that many expatriates preferred Banda to Chipembere and Chiume, there is no real evidence that they caused this estrangement.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, Armed conflict
Although there was widespread dissatisfaction in the north of Malawi, there was no major uprising there after the Cabinet Crisis. There was concern that Chiume and Chisiza would mount an invasion from Tanzania, but the armed uprising was in the south. After Chipembere went into hiding in the east of Fort Johnston District, he gathered a group of supports including politicians, civil servants and young activists which controlled much of the district. He set up a training camp and on the night of 12 February 1965 led about 200 supporters into Fort Johnston to attack the police station.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, Armed conflict
They then attempted to reach the capital, Zomba, around 160 kilometres (100 mi) away. Chipembere's exact intentions are unknown, but he may have hoped that the army based in Zomba would come out in support of the rising. His small force was stopped at the Liwonde ferry by security forces and, after some fighting, it fled in disorder.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, Armed conflict
Although there was a reward for his capture, Chipembere was able to remain in the Fort Johnston District until March when, ill with diabetes, he wrote to Jones, the Governor-general offering to leave Malawi in return for an amnesty. Banda at first rejected this, but after Chipembere contacted the US ambassador in early April, it was arranged (with Banda's consent) that he should leave Malawi and travel, through Southern Rhodesia and London, to the USA. He agreed not to plot against Banda there.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, Armed conflict
Chipembere later claimed that an amnesty had been promised for his followers, but many of them were detained and a few continued raids on government targets for some time, leading to retaliatory burning of local villages and the public hanging of one of the leaders in January 1966. Many of Chipembere supporters were Yao and Banda promoted the recruitment of members of the rival Lomwe group as paramilitary police to contain them. During and after the suppression of Chipembere's armed uprising, several hundred civil servants were sacked, or detained along with other of his supposed supporters, and chiefs suspected of sympathising with him were deposed.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, After the Crisis and Chipembere's Revolt, Armed conflict
There had been a minor incursion from Tanzania in March 1965 by fighters loyal to Yatuta Chisiza, when two of his fighters were killed. In September 1967, Chisiza himself led a force of less than 20 that had trained in Zambia through Mozambique into the Mwanza District. They were spotted by police on 3 October and nine were captured over the next few days. Chisiza himself was killed in a shoot-out with troops on 11 October and his corpse was publicly displayed on Banda's orders.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
Several of the ministers that fled from Malawi after the Cabinet Crisis died abroad, but a number survived to return to Malawi after Banda was deposed and returned to public life. Several of those that had supported Banda at the time of the cabinet crisis later suffered demotion, dismissal or imprisonment at his hands. One of the new ministers appointed after the Cabinet Crisis in 1964, Albert Muwalo, was hanged for treason in 1976.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
Chipembere first studied at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), then taught in Tanzania from 1966 to 1969, before returning to UCLA to complete his doctorate and receive treatment for diabetes. He later taught at the California State University. Between 1970 and 1975, he worked on his autobiography, which was incomplete on his death. He died on 24 September 1975 from complications of his diabetes without returning to Malawi. After Banda was removed in 1993, Chipembere's reputation was rehabilitated.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
Chiume was in exile in Tanzania from 1964 to 1994, where he became active in journalism and set up a political movement aimed at promoting change in Malawi. He returned to Malawi in 1994 after Banda's removal and became chairman of the Malawi National Library Service until he retired in 1996. He then lived in his home district of Nkhata Bay until 2002, when he moved to New York because of his health, and died there on 21 November 2007.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
Orton Chirwa settled in Tanzania, where he taught and practised law. On Christmas Eve 1981, Chirwa, his wife, Vera and their son were abducted from Zambia by Malawian security officials, possibly after being tricked into going to the border area. Two years later Orton and Vera Chirwa were put on trial for treason in a "traditional" court and not allowed defence counsel. They were found guilty and sentenced to death, but after many appeals for clemency this was commuted to life in prison. Orton Chirwa died in Zomba prison on 20 October 1992, after nearly 11 years in solitary confinement. When he died, he was virtually deaf and blind.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
Willie Chokani and Augustine Bwanausi left for Zambia in October 1964, where they became schoolteachers. Chokani became a headmaster of a secondary school and a college lecturer before moving to Tanzania where he was active in Malawian exile politics. He returned to Malawi in 1993 and was Malawi's Ambassador to the US from 1994 to 1999, then Ambassador to Ethiopia and High Commissioner to Namibia before his retirement. Bwanausi remained as a teacher in Zambia until his death in a car accident in 1973.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
After her dismissal as parliamentary secretary and from the Women's League, Rose Chibambo resigned as an MP and joined her husband who was in the district administration of Chiradzulu and later Mwanza, but after threats from MCP members, they both fled to Zambia in early 1965. Her husband died in Zambia in 1968, but she survived to return to Malawi in 1994. Msonthi took over Chipembere's former post as Minister for Education, and served in several cabinet posts until his removal on charges of breaching MCP party discipline in 1973. He was internally exiled to his home district for five years, before partial rehabilitation and being given a post in a government parastatal, which he held until his death in 1982.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
Aleke Banda, who had become Secretary-General of MCP in 1962, became a cabinet minister in 1962, and served in three cabinet posts before being dismissed by Banda in 1973. In 1975, he was appointed managing director of Press Holdings Ltd, a company controlled by Banda but in 1979 was detained without charge for 12 years. After Banda's removal, he re-entered politics in opposition to MCP, and between 1997 and 2005 held two cabinet posts. He retired through illness in 2005 and died from leukaemia in 2010.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Fates of the Ministers
John Tembo ceased to be a cabinet minister in 1971, becoming Governor of the Reserve Bank of Malawi but retaining his MCP position. In 1982, Tembo left the Reserve Bank and, although he held no ministerial office until 1989, he was a close advisor to Banda and held a number of posts in parastatal bodies. In 1989, he became MCP treasurer and again held ministerial office. In 1995 he was accused, along with Banda of murder, but acquitted. After 1994, Tembo remained with MCP and in politics, and is currently Malawi's Leader of the Opposition.


1964 Malaysian general election
A general election was held on Saturday, 25 April 1964 for members of the 2nd Parliament of Malaysia. Voting took place in 104 out of 159 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 282 state constituencies in 11 (out of 14, except Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore) states of Malaysia on the same day, each electing one Member of the Legislative Assembly to the Dewan Undangan Negeri.


1964 Malaysian general election
The result was a victory for the Alliance Party, which won 89 of the 104 seats. Voter turnout was 78.9%. The result also contributed towards the eventual expulsion of Singapore from Malaysia. The Singaporean-based People's Action Party decided to run on the mainland, and although it attracted large crowds at its rallies, it won only one seat – that by Devan Nair, who represented the Bungsar constituency (now part of Seputeh and Lembah Pantai constituencies).


1964 Malaysian general election
It is thought by some historians that Finance Minister and MCA President Tan Siew Sin's appeal to the Chinese to avoid challenging the Malay special rights and risk merger with Indonesia helped the MCA retain its status as the "undisputed leader of the Chinese in the Malayan peninsula". Nevertheless, UMNO leaders were furious with the PAP.


1964 Malaysian general election
It was the first parliamentary general election held after the formation of Malaysia in 1963. State elections were not held in Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. Transitional provisions allowed the state legislatures of the three states to choose their parliamentary representatives until the next election. The three states had been allocated a total of 55 seats in the Malaysian Parliament: 15 seats for Singapore, 16 seats for Sabah and 24 seats for Sarawak. Together, the three states held 34% out the 159 seats in the parliament.


1964 Malaysian general election
This was intended to act as a check to prevent parliament from passing constitutional amendments (which require a two-thirds majority) without the agreement of representatives from the three new states. After Singapore left Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak were only left with 25% of the seats, as a consequence Sabah and Sarawak were not able to stop the parliament from approving laws that would encroach on the special rights granted to Sabah and Sarawak upon merger to form Malaysia.


1964 Malaysian state elections
State assembly elections were held in Malaysia on 25 April 1964 in all states except Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore.


1964 Malian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Mali in 1964. Voters were presented with a single list from the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally (US-RDA), which had been the sole legal party since shortly after independence in 1960. As a result, it won all 80 seats in the National Assembly. According to official results, 99 percent of those who voted approved the US-RDA list.


1964 Maltese constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Malta between 2 and 4 May 1964. The new constitution was approved by 54.5% of voters, and came into effect on 21 September 1964. It was effectively a referendum on independence, as the new constitution gave the country self-government.


1964 Maltese constitutional referendum, Question
The question put to the electorate was "Do you approve of the constitution proposed by the Government of Malta, endorsed by the Legislative Assembly, and published in the Malta Gazette?


1964 Manyas earthquake
The 1964 Manyas earthquake happened on October 6 on the southern coast of Marmara Sea near the city of Karacabey in Bursa Province, Turkey. The shock had a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Around $5 million in damage was caused, with 19–73 killed and 100–239 injured.


1964 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1964 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach Charlie Snyder, the team compiled a 7–3 record (4–2 against conference opponents), tied for second place out of seven teams in the MAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 120 to 93. Bill Winter and Jim Cure were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.


1964 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 1964 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Tom Nugent, the Terrapins compiled a 5–5 record (4–3 in conference), finished in a tie for third place in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents 164 to 126. The team's statistical leaders included Phil Petry with 809 passing yards, Tom Hickey with 894 rushing yards, and Dick Absher with 268 receiving yards.


1964 Massachusetts elections
A Massachusetts general election was held on November 3, 1964 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.


1964 Massachusetts elections
Democratic and Republican candidates were selected in party primaries held on September 10, 1964.


1964 Massachusetts elections
This was the final election before the Term of office for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Treasurer, and Auditor was extended from two to four years.


1964 Massachusetts elections, Governor
Republican John A. Volpe was elected over Democrat Francis X. Bellotti, Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams. Incumbent Governor Endicott Peabody lost in the Democratic primary to Bellotti, his Lieutenant Governor.


1964 Massachusetts elections, Lieutenant Governor
Republican Elliot L. Richardson was elected Lieutenant Governor over Democrat John W. Costello.


1964 Massachusetts elections, Attorney General
Incumbent Attorney General Edward Brooke defeated Democrat James W. Hennigan, Jr..


1964 Massachusetts elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth
Incumbent Secretary of the Commonwealth Kevin White defeated Republican Wallace B. Crawford.


1964 Massachusetts elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General
Incumbent Treasurer and Receiver-General John T. Driscoll did not run for re-election as he had been appointed Chairman of the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority.


1964 Massachusetts elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General
Robert Q. Crane defeated Republican Robert C. Hahn in the general election.


1964 Massachusetts elections, Auditor
Incumbent Auditor Thomas J. Buckley died on September 9, 1964, the night before the Democratic primary. Because no sticker campaign received enough votes to win the nomination, the Democratic State Committee chose Thaddeus M. Buczko to succeed Buckley for the Democratic nomination.


1964 Massachusetts elections, United States Senate
Democrat Ted Kennedy was re-elected over Republican Howard J. Whitmore, Jr., Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder, and Prohibition candidate Grace F. Luder.


1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Governor Endicott Peabody ran for re-election, but was defeated by then-Lieutenant Governor Francis X. Bellotti in the Democratic Party primary. Bellotti went on to lose the general election to former Governor John Volpe.


1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The race between Volpe and Bellotti was the first time in Massachusetts history that the two major parties backed sons of Italian immigrants for governor.


1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
This was the final election held before the governor's term of office was extended from two to four years.


1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Lieutenant Governor, Convention
On the first ballot, Massachusetts Governor's Councilor John W. Costello led with 428 votes to Worcester attorney and Industrial Accident Board member Joseph E. McGuire's 404, state senator Mario Umana's 250, and state representative Joseph G. Bradley's 112. The other seven candidates received less than the 100 votes required to remain on the ballot and Bradley chose to drop out, which left Costello, McGuire, and Umana as the only remaining candidates. Costello led again on the second ballot, with 641 votes to McGuire's 600 and Umana's 343, but did not receive enough votes to win the nomination. The same happened on the third (687 votes for Costello to McGuire's 656 and Umana's 172). On the fourth ballot, Umana fell to 99 votes, which eliminated him from the contest. On the fifth and final ballot Costello won the party's endorsement by defeating McGuire 724 votes to 691.


1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Lieutenant Governor, Results
Richardson ran unopposed in the Republican primary for Lieutenant Governor.


1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Results, Governor
Volpe defeated Bellotti by less than 25,000 votes. Volpe's victory came in a year in which Democrats gained seats in the United States House of Representatives and Senate and Lyndon Johnson won the Presidential election in a landslide.


1964 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, General election, Results, Lieutenant Governor
Former United States Attorney Elliot L. Richardson defeated executive councillor John W. Costello in the race for lieutenant governor.


1964 Masters Tournament
The 1964 Masters Tournament was the 28th Masters Tournament, held April 9–12 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. A field of 96 players entered the tournament and 48 made the 36-hole cut at 148 (+4).


1964 Masters Tournament
Arnold Palmer, age 34, opened with three rounds in the 60s and led by five strokes after 54 holes at 206 (−10). He carded a final round of 70 on Sunday to win by six strokes to become the first four-time winner of the Masters. It was his seventh and final major victory.


1964 Masters Tournament
Craig Wood, the 1941 champion, played in his final Masters, but withdrew before completing the first round. Prior to his win at Augusta, he was the runner-up in the first two Masters in 1934 and 1935.


1964 Masters Tournament
Labron Harris Jr. won the Par 3 contest with a score of 23.


1964 Masters Tournament
Palmer was later joined as a four-time winner at Augusta by Jack Nicklaus in 1972 and Tiger Woods in 2005; Nicklaus won his fifth in 1975 and a record sixth in 1986.


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Jack Burke Jr. (4), Jimmy Demaret, Doug Ford (4,8), Ralph Guldahl, Claude Harmon, Ben Hogan, Herman Keiser, Cary Middlecoff (2), Byron Nelson, Jack Nicklaus (2,4,8,10), Arnold Palmer (2,3,8,9,11), Gary Player (3,4,8,9,10), Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead (8), Art Wall Jr. (8,10), Craig Wood


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Tommy Bolt, Julius Boros (8,9,11), Billy Casper (8,11), Jack Fleck, Ed Furgol (8), Gene Littler (8,11)


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Jerry Barber, Dow Finsterwald (8,9,10,11), Chick Harbert, Jay Hebert, Lionel Hebert (9), Bob Rosburg


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Deane Beman (6,7,a), Charles Coe (6,7,a), Richard Davies (6,a), Labron Harris Jr. (6,a)


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Robert W. Gardner (a), Downing Gray (a), Billy Joe Patton (a), R. H. Sikes (7,a), Charlie Smith (a), Ed Updegraff (a)


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Richard Guardiola (a), Johnny Owens (a), Steve Spray (a), Walter Stahl (a)


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Wes Ellis, Don January (9), Tony Lema (9,11), Billy Maxwell (9,10,11), Bobby Nichols (9), Johnny Pott (11), Mason Rudolph, Dan Sikes (9), Mike Souchak, Bo Wininger


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Walter Burkemo, Jacky Cupit, Mike Fetchick, Paul Harney, Davis Love Jr., Dave Ragan (10,11), Dean Refram


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Gardner Dickinson, Jim Ferrier, Al Geiberger, Tommy Jacobs, Bill Johnston


1964 Masters Tournament, Field
Alfonso Angelini, Al Balding, Peter Butler, Antonio Cerdá, Bob Charles (3,8), Chen Ching-Po (8), Gary Cowan (a), Bruce Crampton (8,9,10), Gerard de Wit, Bruce Devlin, Juan Antonio Estrada (a), Jean Garaïalde, Harold Henning, Geoffrey Hunt, Tomoo Ishii, Stan Leonard (8), Sebastián Miguel, Kel Nagle (3), Enrique Orellana, Chi-Chi Rodríguez, Miguel Sala, Ramón Sota, Dave Thomas, Retief Waltman, Nick Weslock (a)


1964 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
The 1964 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 38th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 15 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.


1964 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
Athboy and Ballivor were regraded from the 1963 S.F.C. Drumconrath and Ballinabrackey were promoted after claiming the 1963 Meath Junior Football Championship title and Junior 'A' Divisional runners-up spot respectively. Duleek's application to be promoted was also granted by the Co. Board.


1964 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
At the end of the season Donaghmore and Navan O'Mahonys 'B's applied to be regraded to the 1965 J.F.C.


1964 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
On 6 December 1964, Walterstown claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Kilmainhamwood 1-6 to 1-3 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.


1964 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1963 championship season.


1964 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage
There are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship
The 1964 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 72nd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of nine teams. The championship employed a straight knock-out format.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship
This season saw St. Patrick's debut in the top flight after claiming the 1963 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship
Navan O'Mahonys were the defending champions after they defeated St. Vincent's in the previous years final, however they lost their crown to Drumree at the Quarter-Final stage.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship
This was Gaeil Colmcille's first year in existence (formed from Senior club Drumbaragh and Intermediate outfit Kells Harps). A fallout from this amalgamation formed the Kilmainham club located in the same parish, however they didn't enter any championships until the 1965 season. Almost 10 years later in 1974 a new Drumbaragh Emmets club was formed after a dispute within the Gaeil Colmcille club, ultimately forming the third of the current three Kells parish clubs: Gaeil Colmcille, Drumbaragh Emmets and Kilmainham.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship
Kilbride claimed their 1st S.F.C. title on 25 October 1964 when defeating Gaeil Colmcille in the final by 1-8 to 0-8 at Pairc Tailteann. Edward O'Sullivan raised the Keegan Cup for the Dunboyne parish outfit. An attendance of 4,496 turned up for the showpiece of Meath club football.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1963 championship season.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship, First Round
Two teams (one random and the previous years I.F.C. champions) enter this round. The winner progresses to the Quarter-Finals.


1964 Meath Senior Football Championship, Quarter-Finals
The remaining 7 clubs along with the Round 1 winner enter this round.


1964 Mediterranean Grand Prix
The 3rd Mediterranean Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 16 August 1964 at the Autodromo di Pergusa, Sicily. The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by Swiss driver Jo Siffert in a Brabham BT11.


1964 Mediterranean Grand Prix
British driver Mike Hailwood was involved in an accident during the race, in which his Lotus 25 ended up in Pergusa Lake.


1964 Meistaradeildin, Overview
It was contested by 3 teams, and Havnar Bóltfelag won the championship.


1964 Memorial Cup
The 1964 Memorial Cup final was the 46th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA). The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Edmonton Oil Kings of the Central Alberta Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Toronto won their 4th Memorial Cup, defeating Edmonton 4 games to 0.


1964 Memorial Cup
The CAHA was concerned about the quality of Memorial Cup competition due to the rapid expansion in junior ice hockey, and named Lionel Fleury chairman of a committee to investigate the imbalance the competition in Eastern Canada and find a solution to include all branches of the CAHA in the national playoffs. During the 1963 Memorial Cup playoffs, when the junior champions from the Quebec Amateur Hockey Association and the Maritime Amateur Hockey Association declined to participate and complained that the national deadlines did not allow adequate time to decide their leagues' champions.


1964 Memorial Cup
Fleury opted to change the format of the playoffs from an elimination bracket into a round-robin format to reduce travel costs. He scheduled a three-team round-robin series for the champions of the Maritimes, Quebec and the Ottawa and District Amateur Hockey Association in 1964. After the Summerside Legionnaires lost their first two games by scores of 9–1 and 15–0, Fleury felt there was no point in continuing the series. The team withdrew but protested that they should have been allowed to play, and demanded money to cover their travel expenses to Montreal for the series.


1964 Memorial Cup
CAHA president Art Potter oversaw scheduling for the final Memorial Cup series, and disagreed with the Gardens' management who demanded more money for radio broadcast rights and refused entry to some broadcasters. Potter stated that the CAHA reserved all rights, but that there was little he could do since the CAHA had a different contract with the Gardens. Potter said it was a financial failure since Gardens' management priced the tickets too high. He recommended that future Memorial Cup finals alternate between the arenas of the participating teams, and that playoffs be shortened for the final to be played in April rather than in May.


1964 Memorial Cup, Winning roster
Wayne Carleton, Andre Champagne, Jack Chipchase, Gary Dineen, Ray Dupont, Ron Ellis, Nick Harbaruk, Bill Henderson, Paul Laurent, Jim McKenny, Grant Moore, Rod Seiling, Brit Selby, Gary Smith, Pete Stemkowski, Mike Walton, Bill Watson, Ray Winterstein. Coach: Jim Gregory


1964 Memphis State Tigers football team
The 1964 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In its seventh season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, the team compiled a 5–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 173 to 103. Chuck Brooks and Bob Finnamore were the team captains. The team played its home games at Crump Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.


1964 Memphis State Tigers football team
The team's statistical leaders included Billy Fletcher with 921 passing yards and 367 rushing yards, Ray Farmer with 222 receiving yards, and John Wallace Wright with 24 points scored.


1964 Men's British Open Squash Championship
The 1964 British Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 25 November - 4 December 1963. Roshan Khan seeded four pulled out of the main draw with an elbow injury to be replaced by lucky loser Sami Nadim. Abdelfattah Abou Taleb defeated Mike Oddy in the final. Aftab Jawaid won the third place play off by beating defending champion Mo Khan 9-6 5-9 5-9 10-8 9-1.


1964 Men's British Open Squash Championship, Draw and results, First qualifying round
Sherif Afifi beat  Peter Fuente w/o John Skinner beat  Terry Pickering 3-9 9-1 9-10 9-3 9-1 Arthur Catherine beat  Henry Macintosh 4-9 6-9 9-7 9-4 9-7 Richard Hawkey beat  John Mocatte 9-5 9-3 9-4 Maged Abaza beat  Ken Watson 2-9 9-6 9-1 9-0 Samir Nadim beat  George Chisholm 9-6 9-5 10-9 Jeremy Lyon beat  Tony Gathercole 6-9 9-1 9-3 9-4 Aly Abdel Aziz beat  Pat Kirton 9-0 9-3 9-1 Mike Corby beat  Sharif Khan 9-5 9-7 9-3


1964 Men's British Open Squash Championship, Draw and results, Second qualifying round
Lyon beat  Nadim 9-1 1-9 5-9 10-9 10-8 Catherine beat  Richard Hawkey 9-7 9-3 5-9 5-9 9-5 Gerald Massy beat  Abaza 9-3 9-0 9-1 Skinner beat  Afifi 9-5 9-0 10-9 Aziz	beat  Corby 9-6 9-1 4-9 9-6


1964 Men's South American Volleyball Championship
The 1964 Men's South American Volleyball Championship, the 6th tournament, took place from 30 March to 8 April 1964 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.


1964 Men's South American Volleyball Championship, Notes
Brazil did not compete in 1964 due to political turmoil in the country.


1964 Merton London Borough Council election
The 1964 Merton Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Merton London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the council went into no overall control.


1964 Merton London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Municipal Borough of Mitcham, Municipal Borough of Wimbledon and Merton and Morden Urban District. These boroughs and districts were joined to form the new London Borough of Merton by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Merton London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 146 candidates stood in the election for the 54 seats being contested across 14 wards. These included a full slate from the Labour party, while the Conservative and Liberal parties stood 47 and 28 respectively. Other candidates included 8 Residents, 6 Communists and 3 Independents. There were 13 four-seat wards and 1 two-seat ward.


1964 Merton London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. The Conservatives got 5 aldermen, Labour 3, and Independents 1.


1964 Merton London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Merton London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw no party gain overall control of the new council with Labour winning 26 and the Conservatives winning 25 of the 54 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 45.3%. This turnout included 913 postal votes.


1964 Mestaruussarja, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and HJK Helsinki won the championship.


1964 Mexican Grand Prix
The 1964 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Ciudad Deportiva Magdalena Mixhuca in Mexico City on October 25, 1964. It was race 10 of 10 in both the 1964 World Championship of Drivers and the 1964 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1964 Mexican Grand Prix
It was perhaps the most dramatic finale in the history of the World Championship. Championship points could only be scored by the first six finishers (9–6–4–3–2–1 points). Arriving to the race, three drivers had a chance of winning the title: Graham Hill (BRM P261) with 39 points, John Surtees (Ferrari) with 34, and Jim Clark (Lotus 33-Climax) with 30. In order to win the title, Clark had to win the race, with Surtees finishing not higher than third and Hill not higher than fourth. Surtees could only win the title by finishing first, in each case, or second, unless Hill finished as high as third.


1964 Mexican Grand Prix
The race began with Clark leading from pole position with Dan Gurney running second in the Brabham-Climax (Gurney had only ten points going into this race having won the French Grand Prix and scored a sixth place at the Belgian Grand Prix). Hill and Lorenzo Bandini, Surtees's teammate, were duelling for third place, with Surtees a distant fifth, seemingly with no chance at winning the title. Then Bandini ran into the back of Hill's BRM, causing him to spin into the Armco, damaging his exhaust and lose a few places.


1964 Mexican Grand Prix
Thereafter Hill's car ran with a crimped exhaust pipe, causing him to lose power. The championship was now firmly in Clark's grasp. If the positions remained the same, he would be champion with four victories to Hill's two, although they would be tied on points at 39. On the penultimate lap, an oil line failed and Clark's engine seized as the Lotus crossed the line, with one lap left to go. The positions were now Gurney–Bandini–Surtees, meaning the championship would be Hill's, so long as Surtees placed no higher.


1964 Mexican Grand Prix
Realizing Surtees could win the title by finishing second, the Ferrari team manager frantically signalled Bandini to slow down as he passed the pits to enter the last lap and let Surtees through. Bandini dutifully did so and Surtees finished second, thus winning the World Championship of Drivers by one point over Hill (40 to 39). Meanwhile, Gurney won the Grand Prix, almost unnoticed. Ferrari cars were entered by American NART team and painted white and blue, the national colours of the teams from the United States. This race was the last time Ferrari cars wore other than the traditional red colour (rosso corsa) in Formula One.


1964 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on 5 July 1964. The presidential elections were won by Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, who received 90.4% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Institutional Revolutionary Party won 175 of the 210 seats.


1964 Miami Hurricanes football team
The 1964 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. Led by first-year head coach Charlie Tate, the Hurricanes played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 4–5–1.


1964 Miami Redskins football team
The 1964 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under Schembechler, the Redskins compiled a 6–3–1 record (4–2 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for second place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 210 to 142. On October 17, 1964, in what is regarded as one of the great victories in Miami football history, Miami defeated Northwestern, by a 28 to 27 score.


1964 Miami Redskins football team
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Ernie Kellermann with 1,260 passing yards, Don Peddie with 691 rushing yards, and John Erisman with 392 receiving yards. Kellerman was selected as the team's most valuable player and was also a first-team All-MAC selection. Kellerman, Mike Cohen, and Bill Williams were the team captains.


1964 Michigan State Spartans football team
The 1964 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1964 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 11th season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 4–5 overall record 3–3 against Big Ten opponents) and finished in sixth place in the Big Ten Conference.


1964 Michigan State Spartans football team
Two Spartans were selected as first-team players on the 1964 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Halfback Dick Gordon received first-team honors from the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI), and tackle  Jerry Rush received first-team honors from the AP. Rush was also selected as a second-team All-American by the AP.


1964 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Coming into the game, Michigan had lost six straight games to the Spartans and had not defeated them since 1955. The game matched two teams ranked in the Top 10 in the AP Poll and attracted "the largest crowd ever assembled at Spartan Stadium" up to that time. Writing in The New York Times, R. W. Apple, Jr., wrote that the intrastate rivalry "means to the people of Michigan what the struggle between the Capulets and Montagues did to the citizens of 15th-century Verona."


1964 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Michigan State scored its only touchdown in the first quarter after recovering a fumble recovery off an errant pitch from Timberlake to Anthony. Another highlight for Michigan State came when sophomore receiver Gene Washington impressed observers with "a spectacular leaping grab for 43 yards."


1964 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries, Michigan
Trailed 10 to 3 halfway through the fourth quarter, Michigan scored 14 points in the final seven minutes on a comeback led by sophomore halfback Rick Sygar. With seven minutes remaining, Sygar caught a five-yard touchdown pass from Timberlake. On the final drive, he took a pitch from Timberlake at the Michigan State 31-yard line and threw a touchdown pass to John Henderson. Having missed a two-point conversion attempt on the first Michigan touchdown, Timberlake threw to Steve Smith for the two-point conversion on the final score. Michigan defeated the Spartans 17–10. Mel Anthony rushed for 70 yards on 21 carries, and John Henderson had 82 receiving yards on three catches.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1964 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1964 Big Ten Conference football season. In its sixth year under head coach Bump Elliott, Michigan compiled a 9–1 record, won the Big Ten Conference championship for the first time since 1950, and defeated Oregon State in the 1965 Rose Bowl by a score of 34–7. The 1964 Wolverines defeated four teams ranked in the Top 10 in the AP Poll by a combined score of 82 to 17 and finished the regular season ranked No. 4 in both the AP and Coaches' polls. Although no post-bowl polls were taken in the 1964 season, Oregon State coach Tommy Prothro opined after watching game film from the Rose Bowl that the 1964 Wolverines were "the greatest football team he has ever seen."


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team
On offense, Michigan scored 235 points, an average of 23.5 points per game, and averaged 349 yards of total offense per game. The offense was led by quarterback Bob Timberlake who was selected as a first-team All-American. Timberlake was a triple threat who rushed for 631 yards, passed for 884 yards, and also handled field goals and extra points. The 1964 team had a strong running game with Mel Anthony and Carl Ward in the backfield. Totaling 2,473 rushing yards for the season, the Wolverines had four games (Air Force, Minnesota, Northwestern, and Oregon State) in which they rushed for over 300 yards.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team
On defense, Michigan had three shutouts (a feat not accomplished by a Michigan team since 1948) and gave up only 83 points, an average of 8.3 points per game. Team leaders on defense included All-American defensive tackle Bill Yearby, All-Big Ten linebacker Tom Cecchini, and team captain and All-Big Ten player Jim Conley.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1964 team also included at least 16 players who went on to play professional football, including offensive guard Tom Mack (13 years in the NFL, 11 Pro Bowl appearances), defensive back Rick Volk (12 years in the NFL, three Pro Bowl appearances), linebacker Frank Nunley (10 years in the NFL), linebacker Bill Laskey (10 years in the AFL/NFL), and defensive back John Rowser (10 years in the NFL).


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team
The Wolverines narrowly missed an undefeated season, with their only loss coming against a Purdue team led by Bob Griese by a score of 21–20. Michigan had a chance to tie the game in the fourth quarter, but Timberlake carried the ball for an attempted two-point conversion and was stopped short of the goal line.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
In the 1962 and 1963 seasons, Michigan compiled a record of 5–11–2 and finished in tenth and seventh place in the Big Ten Conference. The Wolverines had not won a Big Ten Conference championship since 1950. Expectations were higher in 1964 with Michigan returning most of its starters from the 1963 season, including starting quarterback (Bob Timberlake), leading rusher (Mel Anthony), leading receiver (John Henderson), and leading kick returner (Jack Clancy). When some reporters wrote that Michigan should win the Big Ten championship or finish in the top five nationally in 1964, head coach Bump Elliott sought to manage expectations. Elliott stated:


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Pre-season
"Some people think we'll be a real good football team but I'll say that's not realistic at this time. . . . I'm not saying there isn't reason for us to be highly optimistic. We have 20 of our top 33 players back, and we'll have a veteran in every spot, two deep in some. But there are a million things to be proven before anyone can point to us as a team that can go all the way. I'd say we'll have a sound, reasonable team, and rating it a dark horse or less is being realistic at this time."


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 1: Air Force
Michigan opened the 1964 season with a 24–7 victory over Air Force. The game drew a crowd of 66,888 to Michigan Stadium for the annual Band Day. On the game's third play, Michigan forced a fumble by Air Force and recovered the ball at the Air Force 32-yard line. Following the turnover, quarterback Bob Timberlake scored on a one-yard touchdown run. Timberlake also led Michigan on two 80-yard touchdown drives. Mel Anthony scored a touchdown on a four-yard run in the second quarter, and Timberlake kicked a 26-yard field goal at the end of the first half. Michigan was aided by four Air Force fumbles in the first half, three of which were recovered by Michigan. The only scoring in the second half came on a 10-yard touchdown run by Jim Detwiler.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Navy
In the second game of the season, Michigan defeated Navy 21–0. Navy came into the game ranked No. 5 in the country. The game was marked by 11 turnovers, six by Navy and five by Michigan. Navy quarterbacks threw three interceptions, including two thrown by 1963 Heisman Trophy winner Roger Staubach. Staubach completed 16 of 30 passes for 166 yards. Staubach was eventually forced from the game, limping after being knocked to the turf by Michigan defensive tackle Bill Yearby. The game broke a 20-game streak during which the Midshipmen had not been shut out under Staubach.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 2: Navy
The New York Times wrote that the Wolverines "brought Roger Staubach, the heroic middie quarterback, back into focus as an ordinary mortal." Michigan wingback Carl Ward rushed for 74 yards on 18 carries and scored two of Michigan's three touchdowns. Fullback Dave Fisher scored Michigan's final touchdown in the third quarter. Michigan quarterback Bob Timberlake completed 7 of 11 passes for 106 yards but threw two interceptions. Michigan linebacker Tom Cecchini had two fumble recoveries and an interception in the game.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Michigan State
In the third game of the season, Michigan went on the road to open its Big Ten Conference schedule against Michigan State. Coming into the game, Michigan had lost six straight games to the Spartans and had not defeated them since 1955. The game matched two teams ranked in the Top 10 in the AP Poll and attracted "the largest crowd ever assembled at Spartan Stadium" up to that time. Writing in The New York Times, R. W. Apple, Jr., wrote that the intrastate rivalry "means to the people of Michigan what the struggle between the Capulets and Montagues did to the citizens of 15th-century Verona."


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Michigan State
Michigan State scored its only touchdown in the first quarter after recovering a fumble recovery off an errant pitch from Timberlake to Anthony. Another highlight for Michigan State came when sophomore receiver Gene Washington impressed observers with "a spectacular leaping grab for 43 yards."


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Michigan State
Trailed 10 to 3 halfway through the fourth quarter, Michigan scored 14 points in the final seven minutes on a comeback led by sophomore halfback Rick Sygar. With seven minutes remaining, Sygar caught a five-yard touchdown pass from Timberlake. On the final drive, he took a pitch from Timberlake at the Michigan State 31-yard line and threw a touchdown pass to John Henderson. Having missed a two-point conversion attempt on the first Michigan touchdown, Timberlake threw to Steve Smith for the two-point conversion on the final score. Michigan defeated the Spartans 17–10. Mel Anthony rushed for 70 yards on 21 carries, and John Henderson had 82 receiving yards on three catches.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Purdue
The Wolverines suffered their only loss in week 4 against the Purdue Boilermakers. In a game played at Michigan Stadium, Purdue won a close game by a score of 21–20. Michigan took the opening kickoff and drove 71 yards for a touchdown and a 7–0 lead. Quarterback Bob Timberlake ran four yards for the opening touchdown and threw a 17-yard touchdown pass to Steve Smith in the second quarter. Timberlake had one of his best games, rushing for 113 yards and two touchdowns on 18 carries and passing for 145 yards and a touchdown.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Purdue
However, the Purdue offense, led by Bob Griese and aided by three Michigan turnovers, scored touchdowns in each of the first three quarters. Griese completed a 66-yard touchdown pass to Jim Morel in the first quarter. Purdue's second touchdown followed a Timberlake fumble after being hit with his arm fully cocked to pass the ball. Purdue recovered at the Michigan 26-yard line and drove for a touchdown to tie the game at 14–14. In the third quarter, Griese threw a three-yard touchdown pass to Randy Minnlear to give the Boilermakers a 21–14 lead.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 4: Purdue
In its opening drive of the fourth quarter, Michigan drove deep into Purdue territory, but Jim Detwiler fumbled at the three-yard line and Purdue recovered the ball in its own endzone. On the next drive, Bob Timberlake ran 54 yards for a touchdown, and Michigan had the option to kick an extra point to tie the game or go for the lead with a two-point conversion. Coach Elliott called for the two-point conversion; Timberlake carried the ball on an end run but was stopped short of the goal line. Michigan's defense forced punts on the next two Purdue drives, but Michigan was unable to score on its final drives. The Wolverines fumbled on one drive and failed to convert a fourth down on the final drive. The Wolverines lost despite outgaining the Boilermakers 435 yards to 268.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Minnesota
In the fifth game of the season, Michigan defeated Minnesota 19–12 in Ann Arbor. Prior to 1964, Michigan had lost four consecutive games in the annual contest for the Little Brown Jug. Michigan led the game 19–0 in the fourth quarter and held off a comeback attempt by the Golden Gophers. Minnesota scored two fourth-quarter touchdowns, but missed twice on two-point conversion attempts. The Golden Gophers closed the score to 19–12 on a 91-yard interception return by Kraig Lofquist. They subsequently drove to the Michigan three-yard line, but the Michigan defense held on fourth down.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 5: Minnesota
Michigan gained 311 rushing yards in the game, including 102 yards by Carl Ward, 98 yards by Mel Anthony and 79 yards by Bob Timberlake. Michigan's scoring came on touchdown runs by Anthony and Timberlake, a field goal and two extra points by Timberlake, and a safety.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 6: Northwestern
Michigan had its most dominating performance to date in week 6 with a 35–0 win over Northwestern in Ann Arbor. The Wolverines continued with a dominating ground attack, rushing for 336 yards in the game. Eleven players gained positive rushing yardage for Michigan, including Bob Timberlake (81 yards), Carl Ward (57 yards), Jim Detwiler (50 yards), Mel Anthony (50 yards), Dave Fisher (44 yards), and Bruce Allison (25 yards). Timberlake ran for two touchdowns and completed 9 of 15 passes for 84 yards, giving him 165 yards of total offense. Rick Volk also threw a 33-yard touchdown pass to John Henderson in the second quarter. Michigan's defense held the Wildcats to only 44 rushing yards to give the Wolverines their second shutout of the year.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: Illinois
Michigan hosted Illinois in the seventh game of the 1964 campaign. The Wolverines defeated the Illini by a score of 21–6. After failing to convert a first down in the first quarter, Michigan scored two touchdowns in the second quarter on a run by Carl Ward and a 24-yard pass from Bob Timberlake to Jim Detwiler. Michigan's first touchdown followed an interception by Frank Nunley at the Illinois 36-yard line, and the second touchdown followed a fumble recovery by Gerald Mader.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 7: Illinois
In the third quarter, Timberlake ran the ball for a touchdown from the one-yard line to conclude a 91-yard drive. The game marked the fifth consecutive victory for Michigan coach Bump Elliott against his brother, Illinois coach Pete Elliott. The Elliott brothers played together in the backfield of Michigan's undefeated 1947 "Mad Magicians" team.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 8: at Iowa
In the eighth game of the season, Michigan defeated Iowa on the road 34–20. Michigan took advantage of seven turnovers by Iowa, all inside the Iowa 30-yard line. Mel Anthony rushed for 121 yards and scored three touchdowns on 20 carries. Bob Timberlake contributed 216 yards of total offense with 80 rushing yards and 134 passing yards. Timberlake had a 14-yard touchdown run and also threw a touchdown pass to John Henderson. Despite throwing three interceptions, Iowa quarterback Gary Snook completed 13 passes and broke the Big Ten Conference record for the most pass completions in a season. With six catches in the game, Iowa's Karl Noonan also broke the conference record for most pass receptions in a season.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Week 9: at Ohio State
Michigan concluded its regular season with a 10–0 victory over Ohio State in Columbus. The game was played with winds blowing at 23 miles an hour and temperatures in the low 20s. Michigan scored its first touchdown on a 17-yard touchdown pass from Bob Timberlake to Jim Detwiler with 44 seconds remaining in the first half. The touchdown followed a 50-yard punt by Stan Kempe. Ohio State's Bo Rein lost the punt in the sun, fumbled, and the ball was recovered by John Henderson. The only other points in the game came on a 27-yard field goal by Timberlake. With the victory, Michigan won the Big Ten Conference championship for the first time in 14 years.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Rose Bowl: Oregon State
As the Big Ten Conference champion, Michigan played in the 1965 Rose Bowl, defeating the Oregon State Beavers, 34–7. The game marked Michigan's fourth appearance in the Rose Bowl. In its three prior appearances (1902, 1948, and 1951), Michigan was 3–0 and had outscored opponents 112–6. Michigan was selected as an 11-point favorite over Oregon State.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Rose Bowl: Oregon State
After a scoreless first quarter Oregon State took a 7–0 lead with a five-yard touchdown pass from Paul Brothers to Doug McDougal. Later in the second quarter, Michigan scored its first touchdown of the game on an 84-yard run by Mel Anthony. Anthony's run broke the Rose Bowl record for the longest run from scrimmage. Dick Sygar missed the extra point, and Oregon State led 7–6. On Michigan's next drive, Carl Ward ran 43 yards for a touchdown. Michigan missed an attempted two-point conversion on an incomplete pass from Timberlake to Ben Farabee, and Michigan led 12–7 at halftime.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Rose Bowl: Oregon State
In the second half, Michigan's defense shut out the Beavers 22 to 0. Mel Anthony, who scored three touchdowns in the game, was named the Player Of The Game. Michigan totaled 332 rushing yards with 10 players gaining positive rushing yards. Michigan's leading rushers were Mel Anthony (123 yards), Carl Ward (88 yards), Bob Timberlake (57 yards) and Dave Fisher (30 yards). The Michigan defense held Oregon State to 64 rushing yards in the game.


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Rose Bowl: Oregon State
After studying game film from the Rose Bowl, Oregon State coach Tommy Prothro said he was convinced that the 1964 Michigan team was "the greatest football team he has ever seen." Prothro added, "The pictures are really interesting. There were times when our players blasted Michigan players at full speed and only wound up flat on their backs with the other people on top of them. I've never seen such hitting."


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Players advancing to NFL and CFL
Michigan's 1964 team featured at least 16 players who went on to play professional football, including:


1964 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Players advancing to NFL and CFL
Jim Detwiler was a first-round pick in the 1967 NFL Draft, but he underwent knee surgery and never played in the NFL. Linebacker Tom Cecchini went on to become the defensive line coach for the Minnesota Vikings under Bud Grant.


1964 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1964 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Republican George W. Romney defeated Democratic nominee Neil O. Staebler with 55.87% of the vote.


1964 Mid-West Region legislative election
Legislative elections were held in the Mid-West Region in Nigeria in February 1964. The result was a victory for the National Council of Nigerian Citizens, which won 53 of the 68 seats.


1964 Milan–San Remo
The 1964 Milan–San Remo cycling race took place on March 19, 1964, and was won by Peugeot-BP-Englebert's Tom Simpson, becoming the first British winner. It was the 55th edition of the Milan–San Remo "monument" classic race. Simpson set a record pace for the event at 43.420km/h.


1964 Milwaukee Braves season
The 1964 Milwaukee Braves season was the team's 12th season in Milwaukee while also the 94th season overall. The fifth-place Braves finished the season with an 88–74 (.543) record, five games behind the National League and World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals.


1964 Milwaukee Braves season
Milwaukee finished the season with ten wins in the final eleven games; the season's home attendance was 910,911, their highest since 1961, and the highest of the last four seasons in Milwaukee (1962–65).


1964 Milwaukee Braves season
It was the franchise's penultimate season in Milwaukee. The franchise had attempted to move to Atlanta shortly after this season; it was delayed a year, and the team relocated for the 1966 season.


1964 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Milwaukee Braves season, Farm system
LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Yakima, SRL BravesToronto affiliation shared with Washington Senators


1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team
The 1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1964 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Golden Gophers played their home games at Delta Field. The team was coached by Dick Siebert in his 17th season at Minnesota.


1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team
The Golden Gophers won the College World Series, defeating the Missouri Tigers in the championship game.


1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1964 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 11th year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 5–4 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 136 to 131.


1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Center Joe Pung received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Back Kraig Lofquist and end Aaron Brown were named All-Big Ten first team. Center  Joe Pung and fullback Mike Reid were named All-Big Ten second team.


1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
Total attendance at five home games was 268,908, an average of 53,782 per game. The largest crowd was against Iowa.


1964 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries, Michigan
In the fifth game of the season, Minnesota lost to Michigan 19–12 in Ann Arbor. Prior to 1964, Michigan had lost four consecutive games in the annual contest for the Little Brown Jug. Michigan led the game 19–0 in the fourth quarter and held off a comeback attempt by the Golden Gophers. Minnesota scored two fourth-quarter touchdowns, but missed twice on two-point conversion attempts. The Golden Gophers closed the score to 19–12 on a 91-yard interception return by Kraig Lofquist. They subsequently drove to the Michigan three-yard line, but the Michigan defense held on fourth down.


1964 Minnesota Twins season
After winning 91 games the previous two seasons, the 1964 Minnesota Twins slumped to 79–83, a disappointing tie for sixth with the Cleveland Indians in the American League, 20 games behind the AL champion New York Yankees.


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
On May 2, in Kansas City, Missouri, Tony Oliva, Bob Allison, Jimmie Hall and Harmon Killebrew hit consecutive 11th-inning home runs, to tie a major league record first set by the Milwaukee Braves in 1961 and duplicated by the Cleveland Indians in 1963. The Twins finished the year with 221 homers, their second-best total ever.


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
On July 15, new Twin Mudcat Grant allowed thirteen singles and a walk in facing the Washington Senators. None would score, and Grant gets a shutout, 6-0.


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
Five Twins made the All-Star Game: first baseman Bob Allison, outfielders Harmon Killebrew, Jimmie Hall and Tony Oliva and pitcher Camilo Pascual.


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
Tony Oliva became the first black player in the history of the American League to win the AL Rookie of the Year award. He led the major leagues in hits (217), extra base hits and total bases. He led the American League in batting average (.323), runs scored (109) and doubles.


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
Six Twins hit 20 or more home runs: Harmon Killebrew (49 HR, 111 RBI), Tony Oliva (32 HR, 96 RBI, 109 runs), Bob Allison (32 HR, 86 RBI), Jimmie Hall (25 HR, 75 RBI), Don Mincher (23 HR, 56 RBI), and Zoilo Versalles (20 HR, 94 runs).


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
Jim Kaat led the Twins with 17 wins and won his third Gold Glove; Camilo Pascual again led the Twins in strikeouts with 213.


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Regular season
1,207,514 fans attended Twins games, the third highest total in the American League.


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Minnesota Twins season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Minnesota Vikings season
The 1964 season was the Minnesota Vikings' fourth in the National Football League. Under head coach Norm Van Brocklin, the team finished with an 8–5–1 record for their first winning season and a franchise-best until 1969. They tied with the Green Bay Packers for second place in the Western conference, who gained the berth in the third-place Playoff Bowl in Miami on January 3. The two teams had split their season series, with the road teams winning, but the Packers won the tiebreaker on point differential: the Vikings' victory was by just one point, while Green Bay won by over four touchdowns. In the season opener, the Vikings upset eventual Western champion Baltimore.


1964 Minnesota Vikings season
To date, this is the only season the Vikings wore white jerseys for their home games. In January 1964, the NFL owners had approved a new rule which allowed home teams to wear the jersey color of their choice.


1964 Minnesota Vikings season
This was the first season for the forty-man roster, an increase of three.


1964 Minnesota Vikings season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7: vs. San Francisco 49ers
The Vikings defeated the 49ers 27–22 on October 25 in San Francisco at Kezar Stadium, but not before defensive end Jim Marshall made one of the most embarrassing errors in NFL history. In the fourth quarter, 49er halfback Billy Kilmer caught a pass from rookie quarterback George Mira and fumbled the ball forward, which was scooped up in stride by Marshall. He unknowingly ran 66 yards with it the wrong way into his own end zone; thinking he scored a touchdown, he tossed the ball in the air throwing it out of bounds, resulting in a safety. The Vikings had a 27–17 lead at the time, and it narrowed the gap to eight points.


1964 Minnesota Vikings season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 7: vs. San Francisco 49ers
On the previous possession, Marshall had forced a Mira fumble in the collapsing pocket and defensive end Carl Eller had scooped up the loose ball and ran it back 45 yards for a touchdown. Just before that, Viking linebacker Roy Winston had intercepted a Mira pass early in the fourth quarter and returned it to the 49er eleven-yard line, setting up a touchdown run by quarterback Fran Tarkenton to take the lead. Two weeks later in Minnesota, the Vikings defeated the 49ers again, by a score of 24–7.


1964 Minnesota Vikings season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1964 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team
The 1964 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season.


1964 Missouri Tigers baseball team
The 1964 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1964 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at the original Simmons Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 26th season at Missouri.


1964 Missouri Tigers baseball team
The Tigers lost the College World Series, defeated by the Minnesota Golden Gophers in the championship game.


1964 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1964 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Eight Conference (Big 8) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 6–3–1 record (4–2–1 against Big 8 opponents), finished in fourth place in the Big 8, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 142 to 88. Dan Devine was the head coach for the seventh of 13 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.


1964 Missouri Tigers football team
The team's statistical leaders included Gary Lane with 432 rushing yards, 770 passing yards, 1,202 yards of total offense, and 26 points scored, Earl Denny with 222 receiving yards, and Charlie Brown with 26 points scored.


1964 Missouri gubernatorial election
The 1964 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1964, and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Missouri Secretary of State Warren E. Hearnes, over the Republican candidate, Ethan A.H. Shepley.


1964 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1964 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1964. Democratic nominee Thomas Eagleton defeated Republican nominee Jewett M. Fulkerson with 64.78% of the vote.


1964 Mitropa Cup
The 1964 season of the Mitropa Cup football club tournament was won by Spartak Praha Sokolovo who defeated Slovan Bratislava 2–0 on aggregate in the final. It was the club's third victory in the competition, having previously won it in 1927 and 1935.


1964 Mitropa Cup, Semi-finals
The matches took place on 24 June and 1 July.


1964 Mitropa Cup, Finals
The matches took place on 5 August and 2 September.


1964 Monaco Grand Prix
The 1964 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 10 May 1964. It was race 1 of 10 in both the 1964 World Championship of Drivers and the 1964 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. Peter Arundell scored his first podium finish, and Mike Hailwood his first point.


1964 Mongolian National Championship
The 1964 Mongolian National Championship was the second recorded edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football, with the first tournament taking place in 1955. It would appear however that championships were contested between 1956 and 1963, as sources note that a team called Aldar won the title on numerous occasions during that time. Nonetheless, the 1964 national championship was won by Khudulmur (literally: Labour or Workers and also romanised as Hödölmör), their first title.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
The 1964 Monson Motor Lodge protest was part of a series of events during the civil rights movement in the United States which occurred on June 18, 1964, at the Monson Motor Lodge in St. Augustine, Florida. The campaign in June – July 1964 was led by Robert Hayling, Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph Abernathy, Andrew Young, Hosea Williams, C. T. Vivian, Fred Shuttlesworth, among others. St. Augustine was chosen to be the next battleground against racial segregation on account of it being both highly racist yet also relying heavily on the northern tourism dollar. Furthermore, the city was due to celebrate its 400th anniversary the following year, which would heighten the campaign's profile even more. Nightly marches were organized to the Slave market, which were regularly attacked and the marchers were beaten.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
Meanwhile, the civil rights bill was being filibustered in the U.S. Senate. On June 10, the filibuster collapsed. The following day, King was arrested in St. Augustine. King had attempted to be served lunch at the Monson Motor Lodge, but the owner, James Brock—who was also the president of the St. Augustine Hotel, Motel, and Restaurant Owners Association—refused to serve him. King was arrested for trespass and jailed; while imprisoned, he wrote a letter to leading Jewish reformer, Rabbi Israel Dresner, urging him to recruit rabbis to come to St. Augustine and take part in the movement.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
This they did, and at another confrontation at the Monson, 17 rabbis were arrested on June 18. This was the largest mass arrest of rabbis in American history. At the same time, a group of black and white activists, protesters who had arrived from Albany, Georgia, JT Johnson, Brenda Darten, and Mamie Nell Ford, jumped into the Monson's swimming pool. Brock—by now on edge from the constant picketing of his business—appeared to pour hydrochloric acid into the pool to burn the protesters. Photographs of this, and of a policeman jumping into the pool in everything but his shoes to arrest them, made headline news around the world.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
By now the Civil Rights Act had been passed, but St. Augustine businesses—particularly in the restaurant and culinary trades—were slow at desegregating. Eventually the courts forced Brock and his colleagues to integrate their businesses, and soon after he did, the Monson was firebombed by the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), who violently opposed desegregation. The state judge was unsympathetic to his predicament, however, feeling that Brock and his colleagues had brought the violence of the KKK upon themselves; they had taken advantage of it while it was in their favor, and could not stop it now that it was not.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
On June 30, Florida Governor Farris Bryant announced the formation of a biracial committee to restore interracial communication in St. Augustine. Although the Civil Rights Act had passed, there were further problems for both Brock personally and Florida particularly. He had been repeatedly refused bank loans to pay for the damage caused by the protests, and declared himself bankrupt the following year. Also in 1965, although the city celebrated its quadricentennial, there was still a palpable underlying racial tension; the tourist trade had been badly damaged and it has been estimated that St. Augustine lost millions of dollars in tourism. Hotel, motels, and restaurants were especially badly hit.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Background, SCLC planning
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) had decided to renew their campaign against segregation, and give "new dignity to the movement". The leadership was originally divided on where to target. James Bevel, for example, wanted to focus on one state—Alabama—whereas Hosea Williams advocated the Floridian seaside holiday town of St. Augustine. St. Augustine was approaching its 400th anniversary. Although much smaller than previous civil rights battlegrounds, such as Birmingham, Alabama, it was no less—and probably more—violently segregated, argues author Jim Bishop. Unlike Birmingham, racial power lay not with the mayor and chief of police, he says, but in


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Background, SCLC planning
H. E. Wolf, banker and bigwig in the Democratic Party; it was the St. Augustine Record, a mirror for white faces; it was an organization called the Ancient City Hunting Club, composed of rifle experts who sometimes made a sport of hunting two-legged "coons." Politics was divided between two political groups: the far right and the ultra-far right. Anyone who was plain right risked being called a Communist.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Background, Choosing of St. Augustine
For King—recently named Time Magazine's Man of the Year—it was his preferred choice of "non-violent battlefield" for "expos[ing] Klan savagery to the eyes of the world". It was a highly segregated town, argues the author Thomas E. Jackson, and its celebrations would be restricted to whites only. It was deliberately chosen, continues Jackson, as it had "a business elite vulnerable to negative publicity because it was dependent on northern tourist dollars, a police force with close ties to the Klan, and a reputation for brutal extralegal violence".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Background, Choosing of St. Augustine
Social ethicist and theologian Gary Dorrien has described St. Augustine as Florida's "most violently racist city...a Klan stronghold policed by unabashedly racist thugs", where "Blacks who tried to enroll their children in public schools got their homes bombed". scholar Stephen B. Oates says of St. Augustine's law enforcement: However, suggests Webb, this was known to be a dangerous strategy. The Florida Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights informed them that St. Augustine was a "segregated superbomb...with an extremely short fuse".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Background, Choosing of St. Augustine
Here Sheriff L. O. Davis, "a buffoonish, burly, thuggish man", employed an auxiliary force of one hundred deputies, many of them prominent Klansmen, to "keep the niggers in line." Here barrel-chested Hoisted "Hoss" Manucy, dressed in cowboy paraphernalia, led a bunch of Klan-style bullyboys who called themselves the Ancient City Gun Club. They patrolled the county in radio cars with Confederate flags on their antennas. harassing Negroes at will. Manucy boasted that he had no vices, that he didn't smoke, drink, or chase women. All he did was "beat and kill niggers."


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Background, Choosing of St. Augustine
Law enforcement in St. Augustine, says David Chalmers, can be summed up in the response to the Klansmen who rioted and the blacks who trespassed: the formers' bonds rarely rose above 209, while the latter's could "run into thousands". The Mayor of St. Augustine has been described by scholar L. V. Baldwin as a "biblical fundamentalist who tolerated such lawlessness while insisting that 'God segregated the races when he made the skins a different color'". received advance warning of the SCLC plans, including that protesters would include figures such as Governor Peabody's mother. The Boston Globe asked the mayor whether he had ever heard of her; he had not. When asked what would happen if, during the protests, she violated segregation laws, the mayor replied, "if she comes down and breaks the law, we are going to arrest her".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Background, James Brock
David Garrow has described Brock as "a relative moderate" in the St. Augustine business community, although he was personally a segregationist. Warren, similarly, has said that Brock was "a decent man caught between the violence of the Klan and the unwillingness of community leaders to find meaningful ways to end segregation", while Colburn says he was usually gregarious and "rather mild-mannered, religious man who suddenly found himself thrust" into a civil rights struggle. Chalmers suggests that, while he was willing to desegregate, "he dare not be the first". Brock later explained his position as he saw it: "if I integrated, there wouldn't be more than one Negro a month registered at the motel, but the first night I integrated, all my windows would be busted in".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Beginning the campaign
The campaign in St. Augustine effectively began on Easter Sunday, March 29, 1964,  and was deliberately aimed at the city's food and tourism industries, which, argues sociologist Ralph C. Scott, "were as much about race as they were about national and class privilege". This was also the first, but not last, time that the Monson Motor Lodge, at 32 Avenida Menendez—a "big posh lily white" motel—was to be targeted.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Beginning the campaign
Monson's was targeted because its owner, James Brock, was not only a prominent local businessman and president of the trade association, but the motel was regularly patronized by reporters, so was felt to provide easy access to the media. An interracial group, which included the 72-year-old mother of Massachusetts' Governor, Endicott Peabody, and the wife of that state's Episcopal Bishop, John Burgess, led by Reverend David Robinson, attempted to integrate the motel's restaurant. Peabody and Burgess and 37 others were arrested and the affair made national headlines.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Beginning the campaign
The mayor condemned the protests, not as local discontent over segregation, but the work of "scalawags" from the north. Colburn argues that "the arrest and subsequent imprisonment of this 72-year-old drew the nation's attention to conditions in St. Augustine as no other incident had. It was a watershed in the community's race relations." It was not long before leading members of the SCLC—Vivian, Williams, Lee, Shuttlesworth and James Bevel—arrived in St. Augustine and launched workshops on non-violent militant protest. Focussing on local businesses, such as the Monson, would, the SCLC concluded, apply fiscal pressure on the business community and persuade the local whites to see the benefit to granting concessions, and by the end of May the motel was subject to almost daily sit ins.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Beginning the campaign
Jackson suggests that, as far as their strategy went, King and the SCLC had learned from the Birmingham campaign of the previous year that "vivid images of confrontation, with black and white protesters putting their bodies on the line against white supremacists moved the nation more effectively than inspired preaching or patient lobbying". To increase pressure on authorities, King and the SCLC turned to "wade-ins" to integrate public pools and beaches.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Beginning the campaign
In retaliation, large numbers of Ku Klux Klan (KKK) arrived in St. Augustine in droves and commenced drive-by shootings in black neighborhoods, as well as attacking demonstrations with iron bars and bicycle chains. By now, argues the historian Michael R. Belnap, St. Augustine was "slipping into chaos". Confrontations occurred by day and night; one occasion, King only narrowly managed to persuade the young men not to go home and fetch their guns; Brun suggests that "had they done so, St. Augustine would have gone down as the most violent racial battle in King's nonviolent movement".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Sit-in protest
King arrived in St. Augustine on Sunday, May 31, and stayed in Lincolnville, less than a mile from Monson Motor Lodge; Lincolnville was home to prominent leaders of the black community. Apart from St. Augustine, King is known to have visited several other cities in Florida. Such as: Tampa in 1961, Jacksonville and Miami several times. Dorrien posits that he was deliberately kept out of St. Augustine by his colleagues as it was deemed too dangerous to risk his life there.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Sit-in protest
At a strategy meeting he "spoke of touching white hearts with Christian non-violence". His audience, on the other hand, says Bishop, "wondered if King knew their town": white community leaders knew the SCLC's strategy. They also knew that bigger and stronger cities had eventually had come to agreements with King in return for peace on the streets. St. Augustine, though, was "prepared to die on its feet rather than truckle to King", comments Bishop. King had made a tactical decision to get arrested to intensify the struggle.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Sit-in protest
As such, he intended to take part in a sit in at Monson Motor Lodge's, a traditional—and segregated—motel and restaurant overlooking Matanzas Bay. At around 12:20, on June 11, King and his colleagues Ralph Abernathy, Bernard Lee, Clyde Jenkins, Will England, a white chaplain from Boston University, and five others arrived at the Monson for lunch. The SCLC had alerted the press to King's presence and several were there to witness King—who wore a black badge with the word "equal" in white—arrive. The motel manager, James Brock, was also awaiting him on the welcome mat. Brock told his visitors that they were on private property. Although Brock tried to talk privately to King—who introduced himself as "Martin King"—microphones were pushed between them. Newsmen jockeyed for position, amid shouts of "duck your head" and "get that flashgun down".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Sit-in protest
The delegation attempted to enter the restaurant, but Brock told that the restaurant did not serve blacks. King said they would wait until it did, and some of those with him began a sit in. Brock's and King's conversation was polite. The manager told King and his party, "we can't serve you. We're not integrated." He did state, though, that he would give them entrance should either they present "a federal court order or if a group of St. Augustine businessmen prevail upon me". Their discussion lasted around 15 minutes; Scholar David Colburn describes there being something of a carnival atmosphere to King and Brock's encounter, particularly as King responded with sermon-like replies.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Sit-in protest
Brock eventually asked King and his party to leave, but, argues Colburn, King "had no intention of leaving. He was there to be arrested." Their conversation ended with Brock beginning to lose his temper, demanding of King, "will you take your nonviolent army somewhere else? I have already had 85 people arrested here." To this King replied, "we'll wait in the hope that the conscience of someone will be aroused". Abernethy asked why Brock had a sign welcoming tourists such as themselves.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Sit-in protest
Brock publicly told King that the only blacks allowed on the premises were servants of white patrons, who allowed them to eat in the service area. In response, King asked Brock, if he understood "the humiliation our people go through". Brock, in turn, appealed to King to see it from his point of view. As a respected local businessman, he argued, it would damage him and his social position if he allowed black people into his restaurant. Asking that King understand Brock's responsibilities to his family, he announced to the gathered reporters "I would like to invite my many friends throughout the country to visit Monson's. We expect to remain segregated."


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Activist arrests
However, says Garrow, Brock was becoming "increasingly exasperated" with the situation, and appears to have called the police. In the meantime, other customers had arrived at the motel and, interrupting Brock' and King's discussion, a white customer asked if the restaurant was open yet. Brock replied in the affirmative, and the customer physically pushed his way through King's party, calling King a black bastard as he did so.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Activist arrests
At this point, the Chief of police Virgil Stuart and Sheriff L. O. Davis, arrived in possession of arrest warrant for breach of the peace, conspiracy and trespass against King and his colleagues. Brock, says Colburn, "breathed a sigh of relief". King and his companions were arrested under Florida's "unwanted guest" law. Branch describes how, then:


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Activist arrests
Eight volunteers, including a white woman, stepped forward on Davis's announcement that he would accommodate anyone who wanted to join King in jail. A Negro teenager changed his mind when asked pointedly by Stuart if he were sure.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Activist arrests
King and his colleagues refused to post bail, which led automatically to their imprisonment in the crowded St John's County Jail. Fear of a jailhouse lynching led King to be moved to Jacksonville.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Activist arrests
Before he was sent there and wishing, says Branch, to "maintain the spirit of the St. Augustine movement", King wrote to Israel "Sy" Dresner in New York, who, as a 1961 Freedom Rider, had supported King on a previous occasion, requesting him to come to St. Augustine and act as an independent witness to events: King also telegraphed Johnson to tell him that he had witnessed "most complete breakdown of law and order since Oxford, Mississippi".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Activist arrests
Dear Sy. I am dictating this letter from the St. Augustine City Jail... Perhaps if this letter could be read to your brethren next week, it might be considered a 'call' toSt. Augustine...I would imagine that some 30 or so rabbis would make a tremendous impact on this community and the nation. We would hope that some would be prepared to submit to arrest.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Activist arrests
Johnson replied to King's telegram and was keen to know if it pleased King, who was known to have been upset at having heard an unfounded rumor that Johnson was intending to drop his support for the Bill; Johnson also wanted King to know that the White House was in contact with the State Governor. While in prison, says Webb, King also "secretly testified" to a grand jury that he would prevent future night marches if a biracial commission were to be established.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Civil Rights Bill debates
Furthermore, comments scholar Dan Warren, a Civil Rights Bill was being filibustered before the Senate, which made King's arrests "particularly timely". The filibuster had been on-going for 75 days, and on the same night King was arrested, the Senate voted for cloture of the debate, the first time in United States history that the Senate had closed down one of its own debates on civil rights; the passage of the bill was now "virtually inevitable".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Civil Rights Bill debates
It is possible, argues the scholar James A. Colaiaco that, "had the white population of St. Augustine continued to allow the demonstrators to march unmolested, the protest would have probably died out within a few weeks. But once again, SCLC provoked white racists". However, says Garrow, the situation was about to take "a turn for the worse".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Prison release and tensions
King was released from jail the following day. Looking, according to Hayling, haggard and frightened", he refused to talk about his overnight imprisonment and left St. Augustine immediately, traveling first to Harvard University to collect an honorary degree and then to Washington, DC to be photographed with Johnson. King had ensured that "the nation's attention would be focused on the brutal actions of the Klan and the adamant stand elected officials of St. Augustine had taken to prevent demonstrators from protesting segregation". Klan demonstrations continued over the next few days.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Prison release and tensions
On the 14th, Klansman, attorney, and leader of the newly-founded National States Rights Party J. B. Stoner spoke before a large crowd at the Slave Market, declaring that "tonight, we're going to find out whether white people have any rights! When the Constitution said all men are created equal, it wasn't talking about niggers. The coons have been parading around St. Augustine for a long time." King was accused of being a "longtime associate" of communism, while the Supreme Court was "Jew-stacked".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Prison release and tensions
Accompanied by local Klan leader Charles Conley Lynch—whose trademark costume, notes Garrow, was a "vest cut from a Confederate battle flag"—Stoner "claimed that African Americans were sexually depraved brutes more closely related to apes than humans... The two men evoked the Lost Cause as a means to rally white males in defense of their wives and daughters".


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Prison release and tensions
The same day King was released from jail, a number of city business leaders met at the Monson. These included Herbert E. Wofe, head of St. Augustine's largest bank, four executives from the Fairchild Stratos corporation, and the mayor. The businessmen proposed to the latter that he support the creation of a committee to examine racial tensions in the city. This was not intended to have any black members, although, comments Bishop, "this oversight was called to their attention". The committee was then suggested to be a biracial one.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Prison release and tensions
The mayor, however, saw this as surrendering to the SCLC, and refused. The committee was, in any case, not indeed to have to negotiate with King or Abernethy, as it was deliberately phrased as wishing to deal with law-abiding locals. Nor, indeed, did they wish to talk to locals they had not chosen: Hayling, although local, was deemed not to pass the "law-abiding" criterion, having already been arrested.


1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests, Prelude, Prison release and tensions
In the background, an offer had been made by the city authorities to set up a biracial commission comprising five blacks and five whites. This would investigate complaints regarding segregation in return for an end to the demonstrations and mass meetings; it was supported by the SCLC as a fair compromise, and at a secret meeting of St. Augustine businessmen, the new committee was also endorsed. A Grand Jury was due to decide the issue over the next few days.