1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Billie (Kayang)
Tropical Storm Billie began southwest of Guam on September 24. The JTWC detected the system based on surface observations the next day while the system was centered 480 km (300 mi) southwest of Guam. Billie reached tropical storm intensity on September 27 as it moved west. While the system may have degenerated into an open trough of low-pressure on September 28 amid strong easterly winds, it quickly reorganized and strengthened further before tracking across southern Luzon from Catanduanes to just south of Manila with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph).


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Billie (Kayang)
Bille emerged into the South China Sea thereafter, where its winds topped out at 110 km/h (70 mph). The center of the tropical storm passed south of Hainan on September 30 and made landfall on Vietnam on October 1. Billie had already begun to weaken on approach to land but diminished further once over Southeast Asia; the storm and its remnants continued tracking west into Myanmar before dissipating on October 3.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Billie (Kayang)
Sixteen people were killed by floods triggered by Billie's rains in Camarines Sur. The torrents destroyed homes and left 10,000 families homeless. Flooding swept away a bridge along a railroad of the Philippine National Railways, causing a passenger car to derail; one person was injured. The Manila area also experienced widespread floods. Property damage from the tropical storm totaled US$3 million.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Clara (Dorang)
Clara formed southwest of Guam on October 1 from a separating portion of a trough and initially moved towards the northwest. Weather observations near the storm at the time of its formation were sparse. The JTWC assessed the system to have reached tropical storm status on October 2. Continuing to intensify, Clara curved west over the central Philippine Sea on October 3 and strengthened into a typhoon the next day according to data from the JTWC. Clara's winds topped out at 150 km/h (90 mph) as it made landfall on the coast of Aurora at Dilasac Bay on October 5. Warnings were raised for Clara across parts of eight Filipino provinces ahead of the storm's approach.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Clara (Dorang)
Clara weakened over Luzon but remained a typhoon upon emerging into the South China Sea, where it eventually reattained one-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (90 mph). Tracing a path similar to Tropical Storm Billie a week prior, the center of Clara passed south of Hainan on October 7. The storm weakened within the Gulf of Tonkin and struck Vietnam north of Đồng Hới on October 8 with one-minute sustained winds estimated at 85 km/h (45 mph) by the JTWC. The cyclone weakened inland and rapidly dissipated over Thailand on October 8.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dot (Enang)
Dot originated from the interaction of a trough of low-pressure and a tropical wave west of Pohnpei in early October. Aircraft reconnaissance first encountered the system on October 6, finding a developing tropical storm 160 km (100 mi) southwest of Yap. Dot traveled on a west-northwestward heading and curved gradually towards the northwest, becoming a typhoon on October 9. Dot then curved towards the west and made landfall on northern Luzon the following day with one-minute sustained winds of 130 km/h (80 mph).


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dot (Enang)
The storm continued to strengthen once it emerged into the South China Sea, and reached its peak intensity with one-minute sustained winds of approximately 165 km/h (105 mph) on October 11. Dot then curved slowly northward and moved ashore China just east of Hong Kong on October 13 at largely the same intensity. The storm then quickly weakened inland, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on October 15 and curving northeast back into the Pacific before it was last noted off Japan on October 19.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dot (Enang)
Dot was the fifth typhoon in 1964 to hit Hong Kong. Its proximity to the Crown colony led to the issuance of tropical cyclone signal no. 10 from the Royal Observatory and forced the suspension of public transportation and incoming flights. The Royal Observatory recorded 331.2 mm (13.04 in) of rain and gales for eight consecutive hours. At Tate's Cairn, a maximum wind gust of 220 km/h (137 mph) was measured. Numerous rain-triggered landslides destroyed homes and blocked roads, resulting in most of the casualties associated with the typhoon. The official death toll from the storm in Hong Kong enumerated 26 fatalities and 85 injuries with 10 unaccounted for, though press reports at the time indicated a higher death toll. Total property damage was estimated to be in the millions of U.S. dollars.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Ellen
Tropical Depression 37W formed west of Kawalein on October 8, peaking at a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm and was given the name Ellen. Ellen dissipated on October 10 near Ponape.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Fran
Fran began its development northwest of the Marshall Islands around October 13. Aircraft reconnaissance reached the system on October 15, encountering as a westward-moving tropical storm. Fran then took a more northward heading, and only October 17 attained peak one-minute sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) approximately 650 km (400 mi) west of Wake Island according to the JTWC. Thereafter, the storm began to take on extratropical characteristics, with its center of circulation enlarging and becoming irregular. Fran continued north before curving east after October 20, eventually transitioning into an extratropical system by October 21 and dissipating on October 23 over the open Pacific.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Georgia (Grasing)
Tropical Storm Georgia was first observed as a tropical depression 360 km (225 mi) south-southwest of Guam on October 17. The nascent cyclone did not organize further, with aircraft reconnaissance unable to locate the storm's central vortex. However, the system became more pronounced on October 20 as it tracked towards the west-northwest, and became a tropical storm on October 21 near the Philippines. At around 06:00 UTC on October 21, Georgia made landfall on Luzon at Lamon Bay and passed north of Manila; one-minute sustained winds associated with the storm at the time were around 65 km/h (40 mph). It then crossed into the South China Sea where intensification continued as the Georgia's one-minute sustained winds reached 85 km/h (50 mph). The tropical storm passed south of Hainan and made landfall on Vietnam near Vinh on October 23, after which it dissipated.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope (Hobing)
Typhoon Hope originated around October 21 near the island of Pohnpei, tracking west at tropical depression intensity for three days. On October 24, when it was west of Guam, the JTWC upgraded the system to tropical storm status based on aerial observations of the system. Hope continued to track west before curving north on October 25 towards an eventually northeastward track. On October 27, Hope became a typhoon northwest of the Bonin Islands as it accelerated northeast.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope (Hobing)
This intensification was attributed to the instrusion of colder air into the typhoon's circulation, causing a surge of winds in the lower levels of the atmosphere during a relatively short timeframe. Though winds as high as 240 km/h (150 mph) were estimated by aircraft reconnaissance investigating the typhoon during this period, Hope's one-minute sustained winds in the JTWC's tracking data peaked at 140 km/h (85 mph).


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope (Hobing)
The typhoon gradually weakened thereafter, but continued to produce strong winds and waves 8.2 m (27 ft) high. On October 29, the storm weakened to tropical storm strength and later transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The extratropical cyclone intensified on approach to the central Aleutian Islands and later became part of a broader cyclonic system within the Bering Sea.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Iris
On November 1, the JTWC began monitoring a tropical disturbance over the South China Sea, near the western Philippines. The following day, the system quickly organized as it moved in a general eastward direction. During the afternoon, the JTWC issued their first advisory on the system, immediately declaring it Tropical Storm Iris. After briefly taking a northeasterly track, Iris turned towards the southeast and reconnaissance planes recorded a developing eyewall. The following day, the a pressure of 1000 mbar (hPa) was recorded in the center of the storm; however, this reading was not taken at the storm's highest intensity.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Iris
On November 4, Iris intensified into a minimal typhoon, attaining winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) and featured a circular 18 mi (29 km) wide eye. Several hours later, the storm made landfall in central South Vietnam at this strength. Rapid weakening took place shortly thereafter, with the storm dissipating late on November 4 over the high terrain of Vietnam.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Iris
Tropical Storm Iris brought significant rainfall to parts of Vietnam, resulting in significant flooding. However, a few days after Iris moved through the country, Tropical Storm Joan worsened the situation significantly.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Joan
The deadliest storm of the 1964 season, Tropical Storm Joan brought heavy flooding that killed 7,000 people in Vietnam.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Joan
Similar to the formation of Tropical Storm Iris, Tropical Storm Joan originated from a tropical disturbance over the western South China Sea on November 5. Tracking eastward, the system quickly organized and was immediately declared a tropical storm on November 6. Early the next day, a reconnaissance plane recorded a pressure of 1000 mbar (hPa), the lowest in relation to Joan; however, this was measured while the system was a minimal tropical storm. Continued development took place over the following day as a well-defined wall cloud developed within the system.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Joan
Joan attained typhoon intensity during the afternoon of November 8 and reached its peak intensity with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph) shortly thereafter. Tropical Storm Joan made landfall in nearly the same location as Typhoon Iris in central Vietnam before rapidly weakening over land. The system eventually weakened to a tropical depression on November 9 before dissipating over Laos.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Joan
Due to the rapid succession of tropical storms Iris and Joan, widespread flooding and catastrophic flooding was reported across central South Vietnam. Roughly 90% of structures in three provinces were damaged by the storms and nearly one million were estimated to have been left homeless. Military operations during the Vietnam War were suspended by the typhoons.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kate
A tropical wave was spotted off South Vietnam on November 12. The wave became Tropical Depression 45W on the 13th. The depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Kate the same day. Kate made a curve to the west as a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. Kate strengthened into a typhoon on the 15th and a peak at 90 mph (145 km/h) winds the next day. Kate made landfall over South Vietnam on the 17th, dissipating over land.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise–Marge (Ining–Liling)
Louise–Marge began as a cyclonic vortex associated with a tropical wave near Yap State on November 12. Two days later, the system became a tropical depression, and reached tropical storm intensity on November 15. This initial tropical cyclone was named Louise by the JTWC. Louise became a typhoon the next day and passed 22 km (14 mi) south of Angaur with one-minute sustained winds estimated at approximately 185 km/h (100 mph).


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise–Marge (Ining–Liling)
Louise continued to intensify after passing the island, and attained its peak intensity on November 18 with one-minute sustained winds of 305 km/h (190 mph) and a central air pressure of 915 hPa (mbar; 27.09 inHg). Louise was unusually close to the equator for a storm of its intensity; persisting at a strength equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale at 7.3°N, closer to the equator than any other Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone of such intensity.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise–Marge (Ining–Liling)
On November 19, Louise made landfall on Lanzua Bay in Surigao del Sur, Philippines, with winds of approximately 260 km/h (160 mph). Meteorological agencies disagree on the evolution of Louise after landfall, with the JTWC and JMA determining that it dissipated on November 21. The two agencies determined that a second distinct tropical cyclone east of the Philippines, named Marge by the JTWC, formed concurrently. The CMA lists the Marge as a continuation of Louise. This storm tracked across Luzon and eventually dissipated in the South China Sea by November 26.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise–Marge (Ining–Liling)
Anguar and Peleliu suffered widespread damage with the toll ranging between US$50,000–US$500,000. On Peleliu, 97 percent of structures were destroyed, while 90 percent of homes on Anguar were destroyed. The loss of homes on the two islands displaced 178 families. One person was killed and four people were injured. The U.S. Weather Bureau called Louise—Marge one of the most destructive storms ever documented in the central Philippines. At least 576 people were killed, though the Philippine Red Cross recorded 631 fatalities, along with 157 missing people and 376,235 people displaced by the typhoon.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise–Marge (Ining–Liling)
Nineteen Philippine provinces were impacted by the storm. Widespread destruction occurred in Surigao City, where the storm killed 312 people and caused US$12.5 million in damage. ; Several ships sank during the storm, contributing in part to the death toll. A state of calamity was declared for Surigao del Norte, prompting an intense relief effort amid an ongoing cholera epidemic and unrelated flooding. In June 1966, the Congress of the Philippines authorized ₱3.4 million to be distributed annually through fiscal year 1969-70 for the province and its municipalities.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nora (Moning)
Nora began within the Sulu Sea near the Cagayan Islands sometime around November 26–27, and became a tropical storm shortly after it was first detected. The storm tracked towards the northeast and reached its peak strength on November 27 with one-minute sustained winds estimated by the JTWC at 100 km/h (65 mph). Nora then curved northwest before moving ashore Mindoro in the Philippines on November 28.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nora (Moning)
The storm then weakened to a tropical depression and strengthened no further, though data from tracking agencies disagree on Nora's demise, with the HKO and JTWC analyzing the storm to have dissipated in the direction of the South China Sea while the CMA and JMA indicating that the system continued northeast across the Philippines before dissipating over the Philippine Sea. Rough waters kicked up by the storm led to the sinking of a cargo ship near Zamboanga City, causing the presumed drownings of 18 people; another 37 crewmembers were rescued.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Opal (Naning)
Opal formed from a tropical wave moving through the Caroline Islands in early December, with an initial wind circulation developing by December 8. The newly formed system organized quickly; by the time a reconnaissance aircraft encountered the system 160 km (100 mi) southwest of Chuuk Lagoon on December 9, Opal was already a typhoon with an eye spanning 40 km (25 mi) across. Between December 10–12, Opal moved between Yap and Palau, passing 65 km (40 mi) north of Kayangel with one-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph).


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Opal (Naning)
On December 12, Opal reached its peak intensity with one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph) and a central pressure of 895 hPa (26.43 inHg). Data from the JTWC indicated that Opal's winds, along with Sally earlier in the year, were the highest of any typhoon in 1964. Opal also had the largest wind circulation of any typhoon in 1964, with a total span of 2,100 km (1,300 mi). On December 14, the typhoon passed north of Cataduanes and Polillo Island and its winds began to lessen.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Opal (Naning)
Later that day, Opal made landfall on central Luzon with one-minute sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph). The typhoon weakened further as it moved over Luzon. Its center then executed a small counterclockwise loop over western Luzon before curving north and briefly emerging into the Lingayen Gulf as a tropical storm. Opal crossed northwestern Luzon and the Babuyan Islands on December 16 and later became extratropical near Okinawa on December 17; this phase of Opal's development dissipated the next day.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Opal (Naning)
Opal inflicted minor damage to a few homes in Palau, where winds reached an estimated 140 km/h (85 mph). Tent homes in Angaur and Peleliu were inundated by storm surge. The Philippine Weather Bureau initially issued storm warnings for the eastern Visayas and Mindanao on December 13 in anticipation of Opal; these warnings were later extended to southern and central Luzon. Philippine Airlines cancelled all flights scheduled for the afternoon of December 14 and the U.S. military moved its Luzon-based aircraft to safety. Manila International Airport closed and railways were brought to a standstill.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Opal (Naning)
Some schools and offices in Manila were forced to close due to Opal's rains. The total cost of damage caused by Opal in the Philippines was estimated at US$25 million. Two people were killed and another three were injured in Virac, Catanduanes, after their house was razed by a landslide caused by torrential rainfall. Opal caused significant property damage in Luzon and disrupted communications. Rice crops were damaged by heavy rainfall, and together with coconut crops, sustained losses estimated in the millions of U.S. dollars. These crop losses were most severe in central and southeast Luzon.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Opal (Naning)
A washout led to the derailing of eight coaches on passenger train carrying 1,500 passengers in Quezon. Another train with 400–500 passengers collided with a goods wagon blown onto the tracks by Opal's winds, though no injuries were reported. A freighter was driven ashore by the typhoon at Jose Panganiban. In total, 26 people were killed and thousands of others were left homeless in the wake of Opal in the Philippines. The Philippine government designated 54 provinces and cities disaster areas. Rough seas from Opal off Okinawa swept two people off a ship stranded on a reef during a rescue operation, leading to their deaths.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, International
During the season 39 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific according to the JTWC and named by the agency when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. The names were drawn sequentially from a set of four alphabetical naming lists and were all feminine.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, International
After the season JTWC announced that the name Tilda would be removed from the list and the name selected to replace it was Therese which was first used in the 1967 season.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.).


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts (in this case, all of them are used up and more auxiliary names are given). All of the storm names here are used for the first time (and only, in case of Dading). The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1968 season.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names, Philippines
After the season, PAGASA announced that the name Dading would be struck from their naming lists due to its impacts and was replaced by Didang which was first used during the 1968 season, this name was later retired by the Agency during the 1976 Pacific typhoon season and replaced with Ditang which was first used during the 1980 season.


1964 Pacific typhoon season, Season effects
This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1964. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, missing persons (in parentheses), and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA. All damage figures will be in 1964 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.


1964 Palanca Awards
The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in 1964 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).


1964 Panamanian general election
The Panama held a general election on 10 May 1964, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.


1964 Panamanian general election
7 candidates competed in the 1964 presidential elections, although only three were serious contenders. Marco Aurelio Robles, who had served as minister of the presidency in Roberto F. Chiari's cabinet, was the candidate of the National Opposition Union, comprising the PLN and 7 smaller parties. After lengthy backstage maneuvers, Robles was endorsed by the outgoing president. Juan de Arco Galindo, a former member of the National Assembly and public works minister and brother-in-law of former President Ernesto de la Guardia, was the candidate of the National Opposition Union coalition, comprising 6 parties headed by the CPN. Arnulfo Arias was supported by the PP, already the largest single party in the country.


1964 Panamanian general election
"PLN retained the presidency in 1964 when Robles won 134,627 votes compared with 123,186 for Arias, now candidate of the Panamanian Party. Arias maintained that the elections had been rigged and demanded a recount, but the National Elections Board upheld the result".


1964 Panamanian general election, Aftermath
"As the 1968 elections approached the opposition accused President Robles of unlawfully using his office to support the candidacy of David Samudio as his successor. The opposition parties held a majority in the legislature, which impeached Robles".


1964 Panamanian general election, Aftermath
The National Assembly met in special session and appointed a commission to gather evidence. Robles, in turn, obtained a judgment from a Municipal Court that the Assembly was acting unconstitutionally. The National Assembly chose to ignore a stay order issued by the municipal court pending the reconvening of the Supreme Court on 1 April, and on 14 March it voted for impeachment (by 30 votes to 12). On 24 March, the National Assembly found Robles guilty and declared him deposed and replaced him with Max Delvalle, who being the senior Vice-President was sworn in as President of the Republic.


1964 Panamanian general election, Aftermath
Robles and the National Guard ignored the proceedings, maintaining that they would abide by the decision of the Supreme Court when it reconvened. The Supreme Court, with only one dissenting vote, ruled the impeachment proceedings unconstitutional. But Delvalle denied its authority to overrule decisions of the legislature and continued to fill the presidency. The Electoral Tribunal subsequently ruled that thirty of the parliamentary deputies involved in the impeachment proceedings were ineligible for reelection. Robles, with the support of the National Guard, retained the presidency.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea between 15 February and 15 March 1964. They were the first elections in the territory held under universal suffrage. Voter turnout among enrolled voters was 65%.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Background
In March 1962 the Papua New Guinea Select Committee on Political Development was set up to identify future amendments to political arrangements in the territory. Following the visit of a United Nations mission that proposed a 100-member legislature, the committee toured the territory in September and October, taking evidence from over 450 residents. An interim report was presented to the Legislative Council in October, and subsequently approved by the Australian government.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Background
The 37-member Legislative Council (which had only twelve elected members) was replaced with a 64-member House of Assembly. The new legislature had 10 official members (civil servants) and 54 elected members, of which 10 were elected from reserved constituencies in which only Europeans (who numbered around 25,000 of the total population of around two million) could be candidates; Europeans could also run in the non-reserved constituencies. Voters cast two votes; one for a general constituency candidate and one for a reserved constituency candidate. The voting age was set at 21.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Background
The electoral roll was created over several months in 1963, with field staff of the Native Affairs Department visiting over 12,000 villages and recording the names of all adults in the territory, except in an area of 6,000 square miles that were classed as "restricted" due to the likelihood of being attacked by the inhabitants. A total of 1,029,192 voters were registered.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Background
Candidates were required to have lived in their constituency for at least 12 months, and to have a home there. A preferential voting system was used, with candidates required to gain a majority to be elected.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign
A total of 299 candidates contested the 54 seats, of which 238 were indigenous and 61 Europeans; 31 of the Europeans contested the 10 reserved seats and 30 ran in the general constituencies. One seat – North Markham Reserved – had only one candidate (Horrie Niall), who was elected unopposed.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign
Ten of the twelve MLCs elected in 1961 ran for re-election, with only John Chipper and Paul Mason not standing. Three of the candidates for the general constituencies were former or present cargo cult leaders, Francis Hagai, Paliau Maloat and Yali. Although Yali ran in the Rai Coast constituency, numerous voters in the neighbouring Madang constituency attempted to vote for him, submitting blank votes after being told he was not on their ballot.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Results
Of the 44 open constituencies, 38 were won by indigenous candidates and six by Europeans. 35 of the 38 indigenous members were new to the legislature, with only Nicholas Brokam, John Guise and Pita Simogun having previously been members of the Legislative Council. Four of the 16 Europeans had previously been MLCs.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Results
Preference votes only changed the result in five of the 44 open constituencies.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, the requirement under electoral law for candidates to achieve an absolute majority of votes in their constituency to be elected became a controversial issue; as many voters did not use their preference votes, there were 32 constituencies where no candidate achieved a majority. In April Mick Casey, a losing candidate in South Markham, notified the Electoral officer that he intended to file an appeal. However, Casey did not file his appeal, and the electoral law was amended on 16 June to remove the requirement for an absolute majority.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath
When the new House of Assembly met for the first time on 8 June, Horrie Niall was elected Speaker unopposed. One of the first decisions made was that only English, Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu would be used in the Assembly, after Handabe Tiabe (who spoke none of the three languages) attempted to bring his translator into the chamber.


1964 Papua New Guinean general election, Aftermath
The Administrator Donald Cleland subsequently appointed an Administrator's Council and ten Parliamentary Under-Secretaries from amongst the indigenous members.


1964 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1964 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Guaraní.


1964 Paris–Nice
The 1964 Paris–Nice was the 22nd edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 9 March to 17 March 1964. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Jan Janssen of the Pelforth team.


1964 Paris–Roubaix
The 1964 Paris–Roubaix was the 62nd edition of the Paris–Roubaix cycle race and was held on 19 April 1964. The race started in Compiègne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Peter Post of the Flandria team.


1964 Paris–Tours
The 1964 Paris–Tours was the 58th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 11 October 1964. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Guido Reybrouck.


1964 Parramatta by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Parramatta on 20 June 1964. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP and Attorney-General Sir Garfield Barwick to become Chief Justice of the High Court. A by-election for the seat of Angas was held on the same day.


1964 Pau Grand Prix
The 1964 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 5 April 1964 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Jim Clark, driving the Lotus 32. Richard Attwood finished second and Peter Arundell third.


1964 Penn Quakers football team
The 1964 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. Penn finished last in the Ivy League.


1964 Penn Quakers football team
In their fifth and final year under head coach John Stiegman, the Quakers compiled a 1–8 record and were outscored 222 to 48. Jim Riepe was the team captain.


1964 Penn Quakers football team
Penn's 0–7 conference record was the worst in the Ivy League. The Quakers were outscored 206 to 28 by Ivy opponents.


1964 Penn Quakers football team
Penn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


1964 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1964 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.


1964 Pennsylvania 200
The 1964 Pennsylvania 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on July 21, 1964, at Lincoln Speedway in New Oxford, Pennsylvania.


1964 Pennsylvania 200, Race report
There were 21 drivers on the grid; all of them were American-born males. Frank Tanner received the last-place finish due to an oil pressure issue on lap 2 out of the 200 laps that made up the regulation length of the race. There were only two lead changes; David Pearson managed to defeat Richard Petty by 11 seconds in only one hour and twelve minutes. While Pearson achieved a pole position with a speed of 86.289 miles per hour (138.869 km/h), the average speed of the race was only 82.586 miles per hour (132.909 km/h).


1964 Pennsylvania 200, Race report
Bob Welborn would retire from NASCAR after this race; having gone winless since the 1959 Western North Carolina 500. Wendell Scott managed to charge ahead from a disappointing 21st place to a respectable fourth place during the course of the race. There were only 2 cautions in this race; making it relatively safe even by today's standards.


1964 Pennsylvania 200, Race report
Notable crew chiefs that participated in this race included Jimmy Helms, Vic Ballard, Bob Cooper, Dale Inman and Wendell Scott (who also owned the vehicle and drove it in the same race).


1964 Pennsylvania 200, Race report
The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the "strictly stock" vehicles of the 1950s.


1964 Peruvian Primera División
The 1964 season of the Peruvian Primera División, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Universitario. At the end of the regular season (home and away matches) teams were split in 2 groups of 5 teams: top 5 played for the title and bottom 5 played for the relegation. Teams carried their regular season records and played an additional round (4 further matches).


1964 Peruvian Segunda División
The 1964 Peruvian Segunda División, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Defensor Arica was promoted to the 1965 Peruvian Primera División.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1964 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 32nd season in the National Football League.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason
Joe Kuharich is hired as Head Coach after he leaves Notre Dame. He is still their only head coach with a lifetime losing record while coaching there, going 17 – 23 in 4 years. Owner Jerry Wolman give Kuharich an unheard of contract of $1 million over 15 years. He then trades future Hall of Famers Sonny Jurgensen to the Washington Redskins  and Tommy McDonald to the Dallas Cowboys.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason
Earl Gros and Pro Bowler and Hall of Fame member Jim Ringo are acquired reportedly when he tried to have an agent talk for him during Ringo's 1964 contract talks with Green Bay. The Eagles send Lee Roy Caffey and their 1965 1st round draft pick to the Packers.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, NFL Draft
The 1964 NFL Draft and the 1964 AFL Draft were 2 different draft held by the respected leagues. The NFL Draft was held on December 2, 1963, and the AFL Draft was held on November 30, 1963.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, NFL Draft
Where the NFL teams could draft any eligible player coming out of college, the AFL had territorial picks in the early rounds. These were players that lived in a certain area or went to college there. This could be why the Eagles 2nd round pick (16th pick), was the AFL's 1st pick in the draft. Some players made arrangements with the AFL leaders that they would sign for a set if a certain team drafted them, this was relayed to the AFL teams. Some of these players signed contracts as soon as their last college game was over on the field or in the parking lot.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, NFL Draft
The NFL Draft was for 20 rounds with 14 teams picking. The Eagles had the second pick in those rounds. They ended up picking 18 players.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, NFL Draft
The overall pick in the draft was Dave Parks, an End out of Texas Tech. The Eagle choose future Hall of Fame member Bob Brown, an offensive tackle out of Nebraska. There were 10 Hall of Fame members taken in this draft, 4 of them in the first round. The Dallas Cowboys get 2 of them when they take a chance on Bob Hayes in the 7th round and Roger Staubach in the 10th round. Roger Staubach had to serve a 4-year military obligation in the US Navy before he could play NFL football because he attended the United States Naval Academy.


1964 Philadelphia Eagles season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 1964 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 82nd season for the franchise in Philadelphia. The Phillies finished in a second-place tie with the Cincinnati Reds. Both posted a record of 92–70, finishing one game behind the National League (NL) and World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals, and just two games ahead of fourth-place San Francisco. Gene Mauch managed the Phillies, who played their home games at Connie Mack Stadium.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season
The team is notable for being in first place in the National League since the opening day, and then suffering a drastic collapse during the final two weeks of the season. The "Phold of '64", as it became known, is one of the most infamous collapses in baseball history.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, The team
From 1919 through 1947, the Phillies finished last a total of 17 times and next to last seven times. A 1962 cartoon in a baseball magazine depicted a ballplayer arriving at a French Foreign Legion outpost, explaining, "I was released by the Phillies!"


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, The team
Things began to change slowly beginning in 1960 when Gene Mauch was hired as manager to replace Eddie Sawyer, who had resigned after the club's opening game of the regular season. Although the Phillies slumped to 47–107 in 1961 (including a 23-game losing streak), they began to climb back to respectability in 1962 and 1963. The front office, headed by John Quinn as General Manager, had replaced most of the players of the 1950s with new, young talent.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, The team
Chris Short was a rookie on the 1959 team, and by the end of 1963 was the ace of the staff. He was joined by Art Mahaffey in 1960, Dennis Bennett in 1962 and Ray Culp in 1963 as starters. The bullpen had Ed Roebuck, who was purchased from the Washington Senators in April 1964, as the primary relief pitcher, along with John Boozer and Dallas Green. Rookie Rick Wise, primarily a reliever but also a spot-starter, joined the club in June. Jack Baldschun was the closer. The catching duties were platooned between Clay Dalrymple, who was the regular catcher since 1960 and Gus Triandos, who acted both as Bunning's personal catcher and as Dalrymple's backup, having come over from Detroit in the Bunning trade (below).


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, The team
The infield had two fine shortstops in Bobby Wine and Rubén Amaro, and two fine second basemen in Tony Taylor and Cookie Rojas. Mauch could and did platoon them depending on the pitcher they were facing. Richie Allen (who years later would be called Dick Allen) came up in September 1963 as a rookie showing much promise, and during spring training, made the club as the starting third baseman. John Herrnstein was at first.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, The team
In the outfield Johnny Callison was in right field, Tony Gonzalez in center, and Wes Covington was in left field. Covington was first platooned with rookie Danny Cater in left; however, Cater suffered a broken arm in a game against Milwaukee on 22 July and didn't return to the lineup until late September.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, The team
The most important acquisition by the Phillies in the off-season of 1963 was the acquisition of Jim Bunning. Bunning had been with the Detroit Tigers since 1955 and was one of the best pitchers in the American League, throwing a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox in 1958 and was a five-time All-Star. However, in 1963 he began having problems with the front office of the Tigers, and did not get along well with the Tigers' new manager, Charlie Dressen.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, The team
Also, Bunning was having a mediocre season with Detroit, and Dressen believed that Bunning's career was over at the age of 31. Denny McLain, a rising star with the Tigers, began to get Bunning's starts in September and by the end of the season after going 12–13, Bunning was asking the Tiger management for a trade. His wishes were complied with, and he and Triandos were sent to the Phillies in exchange for outfielder Don Demeter and pitcher Jack Hamilton.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season
Throughout the 1964 season, the Phillies seemed destined to make it to the World Series. Since the beginning of the season, with an 8–2 start, the team had been in first place, and had led the National League all season, sometimes by as many as nine or ten games.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season
During the season Johnny Callison was having a career year and was the top contender for the National League Most Valuable Player award. Richie Allen was the leading candidate for Rookie of the Year (which he won in the postseason). In addition to his pitching, Bunning also added another dimension to the club. Chris Short had been the ace of the staff prior to Bunning joining the club. However, he never was comfortable being the leading pitcher and having that responsibility. With Bunning joining the staff, the pressure was off Short and he thrived as the number-two starter.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season
The 1964 National League All-Star team had three Phillies: Chris Short, Jim Bunning, and Johnny Callison. Callison was named the game's Most Valuable Player, hitting a fast ball by Boston Red Sox ace Dick Radatz into the right field stands at Shea Stadium for a 3-run home run in the 9th inning for the win. Then in early August, the Phillies acquired Frank Thomas from the New York Mets and Vic Power from Los Angeles Angels to shore up the bench for the pennant run in September. The Phillies were having their best season since the 1950 "Whiz Kids", giving "pennant fever" to their fans for the first time in 14 seasons.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Jim Bunning's perfect game
From opening day, Bunning thrived in the National League, going 6–2 in the first two months of the season, and becoming the ace of the pitching staff. On Father's Day he got the start for the first game of a doubleheader against the New York Mets, and on that day, June 21, he threw the first perfect game in the National League since 1880.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Jim Bunning's perfect game
Tracy Stallard started for the Mets in the first game of the doubleheader that day. As the game progressed, Philadelphia scored single runs in both the 1st and 2nd innings and had a big inning in the 6th, scoring four runs to take a 6–0 lead. On the mound, Bunning had a strong performance against the Mets batters, striking out 10.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Jim Bunning's perfect game
For perhaps the only time in the stadium's history, the Shea faithful found themselves rooting for the visitors, caught up in the rare achievement, and roaring for Bunning on every pitch in the ninth inning. His strikeout of John Stephenson for the last out capped the performance.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", Beginnings
On September 1 the Phillies held a 5+1⁄2-game lead over the Cincinnati Reds and it seemed were in cruise mode to clinching the pennant. TV Guide went to press with a World Series preview that featured a photo of Connie Mack Stadium. (Through the 1968 season, both first-place teams automatically went to the World Series, the only postseason play at the time.) On September 7, Labor Day, the Phillies split a doubleheader with the Dodgers while the Reds lost 2 games to the St. Louis Cardinals. That increased the Phillies' lead to 6+1⁄2 games with 25 left to play.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", Beginnings
Then things started to go wrong, first with a string of injuries. The next game, Frank Thomas broke his right thumb sliding into second base against Maury Wills, the Dodger shortstop. The number four starter, Ray Culp, started to have problems with his right elbow; Dennis Bennett began having a sore arm. Art Mahaffey began to have control problems, being taken out in the first inning on 8 September and then in his next start, against the San Francisco Giants, being taken out in the third.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", Beginnings
Things appeared to settle down on September 13 when Bunning beat the Giants for his 17th win, and Short and Bennett followed up with wins over the Houston Colt .45s. However, Bunning replaced Culp for the start on the 16th for the last game against Houston and, pitching on two days' rest, gave up a two-run home run by Rusty Staub and lasted only 4+1⁄3 innings (charged with 4 more runs). On  September 20, Bunning beat the Dodgers in Los Angeles, 3–2, throwing a five-hitter.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", Beginnings
Bunning remembered that the club had been shaky; the Phillies almost blew the game in the ninth when Vic Power made an error, leading to two unearned runs. Then Bunning finished the game by striking out the Dodger catcher, Johnny Roseboro. After the game, a reporter from Sports Illustrated photographed Bunning. It was to be on the cover of the magazine for its World Series edition in October.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", Beginnings
During the month, the club had gone 12–9 and the lead over the Reds remained at 6+1⁄2 games with 12 games to play. However, the win over the Dodgers on the 20th would be the last win by the Phillies in September.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", "The Curse of Chico Ruiz"
On September 21, the team returned to Philadelphia to begin a three-game series (a sweep of that series would have clinched the pennant for the Phils) against the Reds as part of a seven-game homestand, which included four against the Milwaukee Braves. Then the Phillies would go on the road, play three games in St. Louis, and end the season with 2 games in Cincinnati.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", "The Curse of Chico Ruiz"
Art Mahaffey began his first start since a 9–1 loss to the Giants on the 12th, pitching against John Tsitouris in the first game against the Reds. It was a pitchers' duel until the 6th inning when Chico Ruiz hit a single which was followed up by Vada Pinson hitting a line drive through the pitcher's box and past second base until Johnny Callison got the ball and threw out Pinson as he tried to reach 2nd base. Ruiz made it over to third on the play.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", "The Curse of Chico Ruiz"
Frank Robinson then came up to bat, and swung and missed for strike one. Ruiz, on third, noted that Mahaffey had not checked him before pitching. On the next pitch, Ruiz broke for home plate. Surprised, Mahaffey pitched high and wild and the Phillies' catcher, Clay Dalrymple, jumped high but missed the ball, which went back to the screen. Ruiz successfully stole home plate, giving the Reds the lead and the game's only run. Richie (later Dick) Allen said of the play: "The play broke our humps."


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", "The Curse of Chico Ruiz"
Chico Ruiz's steal of home has evolved into a popular culture legend. Some Philadelphia sports fans still refer to the "Curse of Chico Ruiz" as the reason for many of their teams' misfortunes.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", The Collapse
In the next game, manager Gene Mauch rode Robinson, Ruiz and the rest of the Reds hard from the dugout, yelling over at them constantly about Ruiz and his stealing home the night before. The Reds responded with Frank Robinson hitting a two-run homer off Chris Short, who had to be taken out in the fifth inning. The Phillies lost and their lead was down to 4+1⁄2 games. In the third game of the series with the Reds, things went from bad to worse, when Dennis Bennett lasted six innings with a sore arm as the Phillies lost again, 6–4, with Pinson and Ruiz hitting home runs. The lead was now down to 3+1⁄2 games.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", The Collapse
Milwaukee came in next and Bunning was the starter in game one. Joe Torre drove in three runs with two triples due to misplays in the outfield in a 5–3 loss, the fourth in a row. Then Chris Short pitched on two days' rest in the next game, the Phillies lost, and the losing streak was at five, with the lead now down to a game-and-a-half. The Braves then beat the Phillies, 6–4 (Art Mahaffey starting for the Phillies), and the lead dropped to a half-game over the Reds.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", The Collapse
Bunning then came in for game four, also pitching on two days' rest, and lasted three innings in a 14–8 loss. With the fourth loss against the Braves and the 7th loss in a row, the Phillies dropped to second and the Reds, having swept a doubleheader, took first place by 1 game. The Cardinals were right behind, a game-and-a-half out of first place. The Phillies had lost every game of their last homestand of the season.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", The Collapse
The crucial series came when the now second-place Phillies traveled to St. Louis to play the Cardinals after their losing home stand. They dropped the first game of the series to Bob Gibson by a 5–1 score, their eighth loss in a row, dropping them to third place. The Cardinals would sweep the three-game set and assume first place for good.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, The "Phold", The Collapse
The losing streak ended in Cincinnati during the last two games of the season with wins of 4–3 and 10–0 over the Reds. However, there were no playoffs in 1964 and the second-place Phillies ended the season at 92–70, tied with the Reds. It was the best season by the Phillies since the 1950 pennant-winning Whiz Kids, but there was no joy in the City of Brotherly Love. The "Phold", as the ten-game loss streak is known, is one of the most notable collapses in sports history.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Richie Allen
Richie Allen (later known as Dick Allen) had one of the greatest seasons by a rookie ever in major league baseball in 1964. He led the National League in runs (125), triples (13), extra base hits (80) and total bases (352); he finished in the top five in batting average (.318), slugging average (.557), hits (201), and doubles (38); and won Rookie of the Year. Allen boasted a powerful and muscular physique, and 18 of his 29 home runs cleared Connie Mack Stadium's 65-foot-high left field Grandstand, and twice cleared that park's 65-foot-high right center field scoreboard, a feat considered virtually impossible for a right-handed hitter.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Richie Allen
Allen was also one of the most controversial players in Philadelphia for some notable non-baseball incidents. Allen spoke his mind, combatted racism, and bucked organizational hierarchy; he almost ended his career in 1967 after mangling his throwing hand by pushing it through a car headlight. Allen was fined $2,500 and suspended indefinitely in 1969 when he failed to appear for the Phillies twi-night doubleheader game with the New York Mets. (He would be reinstated, and, despite wanting to be traded, agreed to finish the season with the Phillies.)


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Richie Allen
Allen had gone to New Jersey in the morning to see a horse race, and got caught in traffic trying to return. He was traded after the 1969 season to the Cardinals for Curt Flood. Even this caused controversy, though not of Allen's making. Flood refused to report to the Phillies and subsequently sued Major League Baseball in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the reserve clause and to be declared a free agent (Flood's lawsuit failed; however, the reserve clause was thrown out in 1975). After leaving the Phillies, he asked to be called "Dick", saying Richie was a little boy's name. He played for several teams, and then went into a controversial retirement in 1974.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Richie Allen
Early in the 1975 season, Phillies general manager Paul Owens wanted a right-handed power hitter and a first baseman. Both Mike Schmidt and Dave Cash lobbied Owens to acquire Dick Allen. Allen had to be persuaded by several of his future teammates that both the organizational and racial climate in Philadelphia had changed for the better since his 1969 departure from the team.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Richie Allen
On May 4, the Phillies traded their first baseman Willie Montañez (who came from the Cardinals in 1970 as compensation after Curt Flood refused to report as part of the Allen trade) to the Giants for Garry Maddox which provided a bat for the outfield and opened first for Allen. The Phillies acquired Allen three days later on May 7, 1975.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Richie Allen
Allen found Veterans Stadium much to his liking, putting several home-run balls into the far parts of the upper deck. He was part of the 1976 Phillies National League East Championship team, before leaving for the Oakland Athletics for his final season in 1977. Many people believe that Allen is the best major league player not in the Baseball Hall of Fame.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Jim Bunning
The perfect game was the highlight of the Philadelphia career of Bunning, who became a fan favorite and the club's ace starter for the next four seasons, being one of the most dominant pitchers in the Major Leagues. From 1964 through 1967, Bunning led MLB pitchers in fWAR and innings pitched, ranked second in the NL in wins, ranked second in the NL in games started, and ranked third in the NL in ERA.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Jim Bunning
He was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates prior to the 1968 season, was briefly with the Dodgers, then returned to the Phillies for two mediocre seasons during 1970 and 1971. He pitched the first game at Veterans Stadium in April 1971, beating the Montreal Expos. Largely on account of the perfect game and three 19-win seasons (1964–1966) with the Phillies, today Bunning is memorialized in the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame (1984), and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans' Committee in 1996.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Jim Bunning
Thirty years later, Bunning, by then a member of Congress, talked about The "Phold" to David Halberstam and said that to understand what happened, you had to be there and be caught up in the emotions and excitement of the pennant race. Also, there was a belief by the Phillies that they could prevail simply by sheer will. Pitching on short rest, the injuries, and the reality of pitching with a good deal more fatigue than he recognized all led to a loss of confidence. Players began to have doubts when before there were no doubts. The team began to run the bases poorly and throw badly, missing easy plays and making errors they would not normally have made.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Rick Wise
Rick Wise, who won the second game against the Mets after Bunning's perfect game, became a solid starter and the ace of the Phillies pitching staff in the years after the 1964 season. In 1971 he threw a no-hitter against the Reds and hit two home runs in the game at Riverfront Stadium. As a result of a salary dispute, he was traded by the Phillies in the spring of 1972 to the Cardinals for Steve Carlton, who was also having salary issues.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Rick Wise
Carlton went on to anchor the Phillies' pitching staff for the next thirteen seasons, ultimately winning 329 games and a place in the Baseball Hall of Fame. Wise went from the Cardinals to the Red Sox in 1974. He was the winning pitcher for the Red Sox in Game 6 of the 1975 World Series over the Cincinnati Reds, considered by some to be the greatest Series game ever played.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Rick Wise
Wise was the last member of the 1964 Philadelphia Phillies team to be active in the major leagues, pitching 2 innings of relief (7th and 8th innings) for the San Diego Padres against the Los Angeles Dodgers on 10 April 1982.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Echoes of the 1964 season
The Phillies finished sixth in the National League in 1965, and began to slide back into mediocrity. It was not until the 1976 season, twelve seasons later, that the Phillies won the National League Eastern Division Championship; losing to the Reds in the playoffs (Dick Allen and Tony Taylor were part of the 1976 Phillies).


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Echoes of the 1964 season
The 1977 and 1978 teams also won the National League East, but both lost to the Dodgers in the playoffs; it was not until the 1980 Philadelphia Phillies (managed by 1964 alumnus Dallas Green, with Bobby Wine and Rubén Amaro as coaches) won both the National League Pennant against the Houston Astros and also the World Series against the Kansas City Royals that the stigma of the 1964 "Phold" was fully erased after sixteen seasons.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Echoes of the 1964 season
The 1964 Phillies are immortalized in American pop culture via numerous book chapters, magazine articles, and newspaper columns. At least three full-length books are devoted to the 1964 Phillies: non-fiction books The 1964 Phillies: The Story of Baseball's Most Memorable Collapse by John P. Rossi and September Swoon: Richie Allen, the '64 Phillies, and Racial Integration by William C. Kashatis; and a novel based on the 1964 Phillies collapse titled  '64 Intruder, by Gregory T. Glading, which centers on a Phillies fan going back in time and preventing Chico Ruiz from stealing home in the "Phold's" first loss. A 2014 Twitter feed @epic64collapse provides a day-by-day account of the entire season.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season, Epilogue, Echoes of the 1964 season
The Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame honors no less than five 1964 Phillies players: Richie Allen, Jim Bunning, Johnny Callison, Dallas Green and Tony Taylor. Manager Gene Mauch is also honored.


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted In; SB = Stolen bases


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted In; SB = Stolen bases


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Philadelphia race riot
The Philadelphia race riot, or Columbia Avenue Riot, took place in the predominantly black neighborhoods of North Philadelphia from August 28 to August 30, 1964. Tensions between black residents of the city and police had been escalating for several months over several well-publicized allegations of police brutality.


1964 Philadelphia race riot
This riot was one of the first in the civil rights era and followed the 1964 Rochester race riot and Harlem riot of 1964 in New York City.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, Background
In 1964, North Philadelphia was the city's center of African American culture, and home to 400,000 of the city's 600,000 black residents. The Philadelphia Police Department had tried to improve its relationship with the city's black community, assigning police to patrol black neighborhoods in teams of one black and one white officer per squad car and having a civilian review board to handle cases of police brutality.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, Background
Despite the improvement attempts of the Philadelphia Police Department, racial tensions had been high in Philadelphia over the issue of police brutality. The Philadelphia Tribune, the city’s black newspaper, ran several articles on police brutality which often resulted in white policemen being brought up on charges of brutality, only to be later acquitted. The summer of 1964 was at the peak of the civil rights movement with rioting breaking out in black areas of other northern cities including New York City; Rochester, NY; Jersey City, NJ and Elizabeth, NJ stemming from allegations of police brutality against black residents.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, The riots
The unrest began on the evening of August 28 after a black woman named Odessa Bradford got into an argument with two police officers, one black, Robert Wells, and the other white, John Hoff, because Bradford stopped the car while arguing with her boyfriend and refused to move out of the intersection at 23rd Street and Columbia Avenue. The officers then tried to physically remove Bradford from the car. As the argument went on, a large crowd assembled in the area. A man tried to come to Bradford's aid by attacking the police officers at the scene, both he and Bradford were arrested.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, The riots
Rumors then spread throughout North Philadelphia that a pregnant black woman had been beaten to death by white police officers. Later that evening, and throughout the next two days, angry mobs looted and burned mostly white-owned businesses in North Philadelphia, mainly along Columbia Avenue. Outnumbered, the police response was to withdraw from the area rather than aggressively confront the rioters.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, The riots
Although no one was killed, 341 people were injured, 774 people were arrested and 225 stores were damaged or destroyed in the three days of rioting. Some of the tension was attributable to religion, with Black Muslims and black nationalists pitted against Black Baptist ministers who called for calm.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, Aftermath
The riot was reported to have caused 4 million dollars worth of damages. Business activity in North Philadelphia declined even further after the riots, as many of the damaged or destroyed stores never re-opened for business. The riots also helped to facilitate the political rise to power of Frank Rizzo, who favored more punitive approaches to crime.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, Aftermath
In 1987, Columbia Avenue between Front and 33rd Streets was renamed Cecil B. Moore Avenue after the influential and often controversial Civil Rights leader. Although his role was limited, Moore has been regarded as a pacifying figure who helped quell the rioting. While present-day Cecil B. Moore Avenue is still largely impoverished, it has witnessed redevelopment, including expansion of the Temple University campus, such that the area around Broad Street is much more integrated with a predominantly educated population.


1964 Philadelphia race riot, Cultural references
A fictionalized version of the events of the Philadelphia riots of 1964 are depicted in the first season finale of the NBC television series American Dreams.


1964 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship
The 1964 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship was the first World Match Play Championship. It was played from Friday 9 to Sunday 11 October on the West Course at Wentworth. Eight players competed in a straight knock-out competition, with each match contested over 36 holes. The champion received £5,000 out of a total prize fund of £16,000. Arnold Palmer defeated Neil Coles 2&1 in the final to win the tournament.


1964 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship
The tournament was sponsored by Carreras Tobacco Company the manufacturer of Piccadilly cigarettes.


1964 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship
In the final, Palmer led by two after nine holes but Coles won the 11th, 12th, 13th and the 18th to reach lunch two holes up. Coles was round in 72 to Palmer's 74. In the afternoon Palmer went 2–3–3 from the 5th to the 7th to lead by one, reaching the turn in 32. Palmer won the 15th with a three and eventually won 2&1, having completed the 17 holes in the afternoon in 61 strokes.


1964 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship
The match play championship concluded a week of golf at Wentworth which had started with the Piccadilly Tournament, a 72-hole stroke play competition, which was played on the East Course from 5 to 7 October. The winner was Jimmy Martin who took home £750 of the total prize fund of £4,000.


1964 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship, Prize money
The winner received £5,000, the runner-up £3,000, the losing semi-finalists £2,000 and the first round losers £1,000, making a total prize fund of £16,000.


1964 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1964 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 3–5–2 record under head coach John Michelosen. The team's statistical leaders included Fred Mazurek with 686 passing yards and Barry McKnight with 551 rushing yards.


1964 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1964 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 83rd in franchise history. The team finished tied for sixth in the National League with a record of 80–82, 13 games behind the St. Louis Cardinals.


1964 Pittsburgh Steelers season
The 1964 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the team's 32nd in the National Football League.


1964 Pittsburgh Steelers season
The team played all of their home games at Pitt Stadium, and won five games, while losing nine, resulting in a fifth-place finish in the NFL Eastern Conference. Following the season, the Steelers dismissed head coach Buddy Parker and replaced him with Mike Nixon.


1964 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian Union Territory of Pondicherry took place on 23 August 1964 to constitute the Second Assembly of Pondicherry. These were the first Legislative Assembly elections after the formation of the new Union Territory. The elections marked the end of the rule of Edouard Goubert in Pondicherry.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Outgoing Assembly
The outgoing Legislative Assembly had 39 members (out of whom 25 belonged to the Indian National Congress, 11 to the People's Front (Makkaḷ Munnaṇi (Tamil:மக்கள் முன்னணி)), 1 to the Praja Socialist Party and 2 independents).


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Delimitation
As per The Union Territories Act, 1963, thirty members would be elected through direct suffrage. Before the Elections to the Pondicherry Legislative Assembly were held in August 1964, the constituencies were delimited by the Delimitation Commission (as per Delimitation Commission Act, 1962) and the entire territory was divided into 30 single-member constituencies-21 for Pondicherry region, 6 for Karaikal region, 2 for Mahe region and 1 for Yanam region. Out of these 5 seats were reserved for Scheduled Castes, four in Pondicherry region and one in Karaikal region.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Contenders
A total of 85 candidates contested the election. Three of the candidates were women (Saraswathi Subbiah of the People's Front, P. Angammal and Padmini Chandrasekaran from the Congress Party).


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Contenders, Congress Party
In the run-up to the election, there was dissent within the local unit of the Indian National Congress over the nomination of candidates. Until these polls Édouard Goubert had maintained control over the local Congress Party apparatus. Goubert had been pro-colonialist who had switched sides just as French power ended in Pondicherry. He had survived politically through political intrigues and maintaining the image that he could keep the communists from seizing power in the Union Territory. Now a group led by V. Venkatasubha Reddiar challenged his hegemony.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Contenders, Congress Party
Reddiar had been the Minister of Planning in the Pondicherry cabinet since 1954, and enjoyed the support by a sector of contractors and bootleggers. K. Kamaraj, the president of the Congress Party in the Madras State, was called on to heal the split. The Madras State Minister for Industries R. Venkataraman (acting on behalf of the All India Congress Committee) was assigned the task to ensure that the party was reunited for the polls. The AICC wholeheartedly sided with Reddiar. Effectively Goubert's group was marginalised in the process. The Congress Party contested all 30 seat in the election. However, Goubert organised some of his sympathizers to contest as independents. In total there were 38 independent candidates, including Goubert's followers.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Contenders, People's Front
Apart from the intra-Congress conflict, the main contender was the communist-led People's Front. The People's Front contested 17 out of the 30 seats.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Result
The Congress Party candidates obtained 91,338 votes (54.3%), the People's Front 30,495 votes (18.2%) and independents gathered 46,218 votes (27.58%). One candidate, Kamishetty Sri Parasurama Vara Prasada Rao Naidu (Congress), was elected unopposed from the Yanam constituency. 17 out of the 22 Congress candidates elected belonged to the Reddiar group, the remaining five were part of the Goubert group. Another three pro-Goubert independents were elected.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Result
Reddiar himself won the Nettapacom seat with 4,965 votes (83.54% of the votes in the constituency). Goubert won the Raj Nivas seat, with 2,722 votes (78.47%) A fourth independent (unaffiliated with Goubert) also emerged victorious. Four People's Front candidates were elected, a result which was seen as a backlash for the communists. Amongst the elected People's Front members was V. Subbiah, who won the Modeliarpeth seat with 3,878 votes (51.80%).


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, Election of CM
A meeting of the members of Pondicherry Congress Legislature Party to elect its new Leader was held on 31 August 1964. R. Venkatraman, then Minister of Industries, Madras was presentin the meeting as Observer of the AICC. VenkataSubba Reddiar elected was unanimously elected Leader.


1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, New assembly and cabinet
After the election the Congress Party formed a four-member cabinet led by Reddiar. Likewise Reddiar was elected, unanimously, as the leader of the Congress Legislature Party in the new assembly.


1964 Prague Skate
The 1964 Prague Skate was a senior international figure skating competition held in Czechoslovakia in December 1964. It was the inaugural edition of the annual international event. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Czechoslovakia took the top two spots in the ice dancing competition, with gold going to the reigning world champions Eva Romanová / Pavel Roman. A future Olympic champion, Ondrej Nepela of Czechoslovakia, won the men's title ahead of East Germany's Günter Zöller. The reigning European bronze medalist, Nicole Hassler of France, took the ladies' title by defeating East Germany's Gabriele Seyfert, a future Olympic medalist, and former European medalist Jana Mrázková of Czechoslovakia.


1964 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team
The 1964 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season. In their 16th season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a perfect 9–0 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 303 to 110.


1964 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team
The Pittsburgh Courier selected Prairie View as the 1964 black college football national champion with a rating of 25.71, ahead of second-place Grambling with a 24.14 rating and third-place Florida A&M with a 23.29 rating. Prairie View was also ranked No. 2 in the final Associated Press 1964 small college poll and No. 8 in the final United Press International poll.


1964 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team
At the end of the 1964 season, the Pittsburgh Courier selected Prairie View's Billy Nicks as the national Coach of the Year and quarterback Jimmy Kearney as the Back of the Year. Another key player was end Otis Taylor who later played 11 seasons for the Kansas City Chiefs.


1964 Pre-Olympic Basketball Tournament
The 1964 Pre-Olympic Basketball Tournament was an international FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament that was basketball tournament held in Yokohama, Japan from 25 September–3 October 1964. It served as the final qualification tournament for the 1964 Summer Olympics. The top two teams qualified for the Olympics. After the withdrawal of United Arab Republic (FIBA Africa Championship 1964 winners) and Czechoslovakia (5th placers at the 1960 Olympics) two qualifying berths were added to the qualification tournament thus Canada and South Korea qualified to the Olympics.


1964 Preakness Stakes
The 1964 Preakness Stakes was the 89th running of the $200,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 16, 1964, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Northern Dancer, who was jockeyed by Bill Hartack, won the race by two and one quarter lengths over runner-up The Scoundrel. Approximate post time was 5:47 p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:56-4/5. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 35,975, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1964.


1964 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours
The 1964 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours were officially announced in the London Gazette of 27 November 1964 and marked the October 1964 electoral defeat of the Prime Minister, Sir Alec Douglas-Home.


1964 Primera División de Chile
The 1964 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Profesional, was the 32nd season of top-flight football in Chile. Universidad de Chile won their fourth title, also qualifying for the 1965 Copa de Campeones.


1964 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1964 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. A year after sharing an Ivy League co-championship, Princeton went undefeated to win the league outright.


1964 Princeton Tigers football team
In their eighth year under head coach Dick Colman, the Tigers compiled a 9–0 record and outscored opponents 216 to 53. Cosmo Iacavazzi, who would later be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, was the team captain. At the end of the year, the Tigers were ranked No. 13 in the nation the UPI Coaches Poll.


1964 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton's 7–0 conference record was the best in the Ivy League standings. The Tigers outscored Ivy opponents 197 to 46.


1964 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.


1964 Pro Bowl
The 1964 Pro Bowl was the NFL's 14th annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1963 season. The game was played on January 12, 1964, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of a crowd of 67,242. The final score was West 31, East 17.


1964 Pro Bowl
The game featured Chicago Bears coach George Halas' first appearance as an all-star coach since the 1942 All-Star game which featured Halas' Bears against an all-league squad; it was also to be his final Pro Bowl appearance. Allie Sherman of the New York Giants was the coach of the East. Two Baltimore Colts swept the player of the game awards: Johnny Unitas was named "back of the game" (his third Pro Bowl MVP) and Gino Marchetti won "lineman of the game" honors. Marchetti presented the game ball to Halas.


1964 Provincial Speedway League
The 1964 Provincial Speedway League was the fifth and final season of the Provincial League in the United Kingdom. Twelve speedway teams took part. A second division of British speedway would not return until 1968.


1964 Provincial Speedway League, Season summary
The 1964 season started in controversy which led to the Provincial League running 'black'. Officially the 1964 Provincial League season did not exist.


1964 Provincial Speedway League, Season summary
Wolverhampton Wolves refused to move up to the National League after winning the Provincial League title in 1963. The two leagues could not agree about the situation which led to the Provincial League being outlawed by the Speedway Control Board.


1964 Provincial Speedway League, Season summary
All National League riders were forbidden to ride on Provincial League tracks. Provincial League riders were warned by the Speedway Control Board that they were in breach of ACU regulations and could be suspended from all competitive racing. They were also barred from the Speedway World Championship.


1964 Provincial Speedway League, Season summary
The Stoke Potters, St Austell Gulls and Rayleigh Rockets all withdrew from the league for various reasons  before the season started. The Sunderland Stars joined the league but then withdrew after riding only three matches. However Glasgow Tigers and the Newport Wasps joined and completed the season.


1964 Provincial Speedway League, Season summary
Newcastle Diamonds won the final Provincial League and their first title.


1964 Provincial Speedway League, Final table
M = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points


1964 Provincial Speedway League, Provincial League Knockout Cup
The 1964 Provincial League Knockout Cup was the fifth edition of the Knockout Cup for the Provincial League teams. Newport Wasps were the winners.


1964 Puerto Rican electoral referendum
A referendum on eliminating special elections to fill vacant seats in the Legislative Assembly was held in Puerto Rico on 3 November 1964, alongside the general elections. The reforms were approved by 77.5% of voters.


1964 Puerto Rican general election
The 1964 Puerto Rican general elections were held in Puerto Rico on 3 November 1964. Roberto Sánchez Vilella of the Popular Democratic Party was elected Governor, whilst the PPD also won a majority of the vote in the House of Representatives elections. Voter turnout was 83.8%.


1964 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1964 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1964 Big Ten Conference football season. In their ninth season under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 6–3 record, finished in third place in the Big Ten Conference with a 5–2 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 168 to 146.


1964 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Bob Griese with 934 passing yards, running back Gordon Teter with 614 rushing yards, offensive end Bob Hadrick with 441 receiving yards, and fullback Randy Minniear with 54 points scored.


1964 Purdue Boilermakers football team
Defensive end Harold Wells was selected by the Associated Press (AP) as a first-team player on the 1964 All-America team. Six Purdue players were selected by either the AP or United Press International (UPI) for their 1964 All-Big Ten Conference football teams: Harold Wells (AP-1, UPI-1); defensive tackle Jim Garcia (AP-1, UPI-1); Bob Hadrick (UPI-1); center Ed Flanagan (UPI-2); offensive tackle Karl Singer (UPI-2); and defensive tackle Jerry Shay (UPI-2).


1964 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1964 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 38th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 16 February 1964 and ended on 17 March 1964.


1964 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1964, Leinster won the championship following a 3-07 to 2-09 defeat of Munster in the final. This was their 10th Railway Cup title and their first since 1962.


1964 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
Leinster's Eddie Keher was the Railway Cup top scorer with 2-09.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone
The 1964 Rameswaram cyclone (also known as the Dhanushkodi cyclone) was regarded as one of the most powerful storms to ever strike India on record. The system was first identified as an area of low pressure over the Andaman Sea on December 15. Following interaction with a tropical wave, it began to develop and became a depression by December 18. Increasingly rapid intensification ensued over the following days with the cyclone attaining hurricane-force winds around 5°N the next day.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone
Early on December 23, the storm struck Ceylon near Trincomalee with winds estimated at 240 km/h (150 mph), ranking it as a modern-day super cyclonic storm. Weakening somewhat, the storm soon struck Tamil Nadu. Rapid weakening followed once the cyclone was onshore and it degenerated into a depression on December 24 as it emerged over the Arabian Sea. The system later dissipated on December 26 over open water.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Meteorological history
On December 15, 1964, an area of low pressure was identified over the southern Andaman Sea. Remaining nearly stationary, a tropical wave soon interacted with the low and allowed the system to consolidate into a depression two days later. A large area of showers and thunderstorms covered much of the southern Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea. On December 18, a ship with the callsign JMAG reported 45 km/h (30 mph) winds and a barometric pressure of 1005.5 mbar (hPa; 29.69 inHg). Based on this report, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the system as a deep depression.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Meteorological history
Over the following days, the system quickly intensified as it began moving slowly westward. By December 19, it became a severe cyclonic storm and soon acquired hurricane-force winds early on December 20 while near 5°N. The cyclone became one of only a handful of system to attain such an intensity close to the equator. Moving more west-northwesterly, the cyclone continued to deepen as it approached southern India. On December 21, satellite imagery showed clouds from the storm covering an area roughly 965 km (600 mi) wide. Several prominent banding features were present, with one such feature, extending over 240 km (150 mi) crossing the equator while maintaining a cyclonic arc. Clouds associated with the cyclone extended as far as 485 km (300 mi) into the Southern Hemisphere.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Meteorological history
Several vessels encountered the storm, with one reporting 110 km/h (70 mph) winds early on December 22. That day winds along the coast of Ceylon increased; the storm accelerated during this time as well. Early on December 23, the cyclone struck the northern tip of Ceylon and turned back toward the west-northwest. According to an officer on Pamban Island, located between Ceylon and Southern India, the storm's eye was no more than 16 km (10 mi) wide.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Meteorological history
Based on satellite imagery, it was estimated that the storm had peak winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), with gusts as high as 280 km/h (175 mph). This ranked the system as a modern-day super cyclonic storm. Additionally, the IMD estimated its central pressure to have been, at most, 970 mbar (hPa; 28.64 inHg). The lowest observed pressure was 978 mb (hPa; 28.88 inHg) in Mannar on the west coast of Ceylon. Weakening somewhat, the storm soon struck Tamil Nadu, south of Tondi. Once onshore, the cyclone rapidly weakened, becoming a depression before emerging over the Arabian Sea on December 24. The system degenerated into a remnant low later that day and dissipated over open waters on December 26.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Impact
At least 1,800 people lost their lives as a result of the cyclone.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Impact
On December 22, the powerful cyclone struck northern areas of Ceylon and caused catastrophic damage. According to survivors, a storm surge of 4.5 m (15 ft) swept across the area. Initial reports stated that 250 people lost their lives with thousands missing. About 5000 houses and 700 fishing boats were destroyed in the Jaffna district of Ceylon. The district's paddy crop was also destroyed. Other badly hit areas include Mannar and Trincomallee. The Trincomallee port suffered severe damage rendering it inoperable. The economic damage caused in Ceylon was estimated at Rs. 200 million. About 350 Ceylonese fishermen were missing at sea.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Impact
At least 1,000 people were killed on the island and many more were left unaccounted for. An unofficial estimate stated that the death toll would likely exceed 2,000. The government regarded it as, "the greatest tragedy to ever hit Ceylon."


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Impact
The effects of the cyclone were felt mostly in Pamban Island, which lies between the Indian mainland and Ceylon. More than 3000 people, many of them tourists and pilgrims, were stranded on the island. The total damage to property was estimated at $150 million.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Impact
On December 23, an estimated 7.6 m (25 ft) storm surge struck the town of Dhanuskodi on the south-eastern edge of the island, submerging the town and overturning the Pamban-Dhanuskodi passenger train killing all 200 passengers on board. The town, an important transit point between India and Ceylon, was completely destroyed and has not been rebuilt since. Prior to the cyclone, the town had been an important commercial centre with a railway station, a customs office, post and telegraphs office, two medical institutions, one railway hospital, a panchayat union dispensary, a higher elementary school and port offices. A port had been functioning since 1 March 1914. At least 800 people were killed in Dhanushkodi alone.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Impact
Four radio operators remained in Dhanuskodi and risked their lives to continue broadcasting during the storm. They were ultimately caught up in the storm surge but survived by clinging to the Pamban Bridge for 12 hours. The government later honored and rewarded them for their dedication.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Aftermath
The scale of the disaster left villages isolated for at least three days and without food or clean water. Communication lines were severely damaged and hampered relief efforts. By December 26, relief supplies were delivered to 14 villages by the Ceylonese Air Force. Britain, Cuba, West Germany, and the United States offered aid to Ceylon.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Aftermath
Reconstruction of the Pamban Bridge was deemed a priority and initially expected to take six months to complete. However E. Sreedharan, an engineer tasked on the project, managed to have the railway bridge finished in 45 days. A stable road connection was built in the following years.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Aftermath
In Mandapam, the cyclone's surge created five tidal pools over a 2 km (1.2 mi) stretch of coastline. Three of the pools had higher than normal salinity coupled with below-average silicate content and were colonized by Peridinium. The other two featured opposite levels of salinity and silicate and were inhabited by Pyrocystis fusiformis. All five featured bioluminescence as a result. A study of these pools in 1965 showed a, "clear succession of organisms", with species of Penaeidae (Prawn), one species of amphipoda, one species of crab, and Acetes inhabiting the pools. Researchers also found a few Sepioteuthis and tintinnid.


1964 Rameswaram cyclone, Aftermath
Lastly, 46 species of coastal fish were documented. Offshore, catastrophic damage occurred to coral reefs, with Echinopora lamellosa, Montipora foliosa, and alcyonarians being killed in large numbers. At Manacadu Point, near Mandapam, an elevated coral colony of Faviids and Porites was completely wiped out. In the eight years following the storm, colonies showed substantial growth across the Palk Strait, with Acropora corymbosa covering 25–30% of the reefs. Colonies of alcyonarians showed little sign of rejuvenation, however. Along the immediate coastline, the large-scale stirring of sand made areas unsuitable for coral and were not expected to ever regrow.


1964 Rand Grand Prix
The 7th Rand Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 12 December 1964 at Kyalami, South Africa. The race was run over two heats, each of 25 laps of the circuit, and was won overall by British driver Graham Hill in a Brabham BT11.


1964 Rand Grand Prix
This race was the Formula One debut for future triple world champion Jackie Stewart, who secured pole position for the first heat. His car failed on the grid, and Hill won with Mike Spence in second. Stewart took the second heat, but Hill came second to claim the overall victory. Brabham cars filled the first three places, each with different makes of engine.


1964 Redbridge London Borough Council election
The 1964 Redbridge Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Redbridge London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained control of the council.


1964 Redbridge London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Municipal Borough of Dagenham, Municipal Borough of Ilford, Municipal Borough of Wanstead and Woodford and Chigwell Urban District. These boroughs and districts were joined to form the new London Borough of Redbridge by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Redbridge London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 192 candidates stood in the election for the 60 seats being contested across 17 wards. These included a full slate from the Conservative, Labour and Liberal parties. Other candidates included 8 Communists and 4 Residents. There were 9 four-seat wards and 8 three-seat wards.


1964 Redbridge London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. The Conservatives got 8 aldermen and Labour 2.


1964 Redbridge London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Redbridge London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw the Conservatives gain the new council with a majority of 30 after winning 45 of the 60 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 39.5%. This turnout included 1,023 postal votes.


1964 Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) between 25 June and 10 July 1964. The new constitution, known as the "Luluabourg Constitution", changed the country's system of government, its name, and the number of provinces. It was approved by 91% of voters.


1964 Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) constitutional referendum, Background
Following the Congo Crisis, negotiations between politicians resulted in the drafting of a new constitution. The new document created a presidential system of government in place of the previous semi-presidential system, where both the Prime Minister and President had certain powers. It also made the country more federalist, and increased the number of provinces from six to 21.


1964 Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) constitutional referendum, Background
The country was renamed the "Democratic Republic of Congo" (having been officially the "Republic of Congo" since independence in 1960, a name shared by its neighbour)


1964 Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) constitutional referendum, Aftermath
When the constitution came into effect, the parliament elected in 1960 was automatically dissolved, and the President, Joseph Kasa-Vubu, appointed a transitional government, whose role was to organise elections within nine months.


1964 Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) constitutional referendum, Aftermath
In June 1964 Kasavubu appointed Moise Tshombe, who had led the Katanga breakaway, as the interim Prime Minister. After Tshombe's government announced that elections would be held by 30 March 1965, some politicians claimed they could not be held until peace talks with the remaining rebel factions had been held. However, the elections went ahead as planned between 18 March and 30 April.


1964 Republican National Convention
The 1964 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States took place in the Cow Palace, Daly City, California, from July 13 to July 16, 1964. Before 1964, there had been only one national Republican convention on the West Coast, the 1956 Republican National Convention, which also took place in the Cow Palace. Many believed that a convention at San Francisco indicated the rising power of the Republican Party in the west.


1964 Republican National Convention, Political context
The Republican primaries of 1964 featured liberal Nelson Rockefeller of New York and conservative Barry Goldwater of Arizona as the two leading candidates. Shortly before the California primary, Rockefeller's wife, whom he had married the previous year after divorcing his first wife, gave birth. This event drew renewed attention to Rockefeller's family life, which hurt his popularity among conservatives. Rockefeller's divorce and remarriage were viewed by many observers as helping Goldwater win the primary. An anti-Goldwater organization called for the nomination of former Governor William Scranton of Pennsylvania, but the effort failed. Although former President Dwight Eisenhower only reluctantly supported Goldwater after he won the nomination, former President Herbert Hoover gave him enthusiastic endorsement. By the end of the primaries, Goldwater's nomination was secure.


1964 Republican National Convention, Political context
Senator Margaret Chase Smith's name was entered for nomination at the Convention, the first time a woman's name was entered for nomination at a major party convention.


1964 Republican National Convention, The convention
The Republican National Convention of 1964 was a tension-filled contest. Goldwater's conservatives were openly clashing with Rockefeller's moderates. Goldwater was regarded as the "conservatives' leading spokesman." As a result, Goldwater was not as popular with the moderates and liberals of the Republican Party. When Rockefeller attempted to deliver a speech, he was booed by the convention's conservative delegates, who regarded him as a member of the "eastern liberal establishment." Despite the infighting, Goldwater was easily nominated. He chose William E. Miller, a Representative from New York, as his running mate.


1964 Republican National Convention, The convention
In his acceptance speech, he declared communism as a "principal disturber of the peace in the world today" and said, "I would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue." Some people, including those within his own campaign staff, believed this weakened Goldwater's chances, as he effectively severed ties with the moderates and liberals of the Republican Party.


1964 Republican National Convention, The convention
Former vice president and GOP presidential nominee (and future President) Richard Nixon introduced the Arizonan as "Mr. Conservative" and "Mr. Republican" and he continued that "he is the man who, after the greatest campaign in history, will be Mr. President — Barry Goldwater". 1964 was the only Republican convention between 1952 and 1972 that did not result in Nixon being nominated for President or Vice-President.


1964 Republican National Convention, The convention
According to Emmy award-winning television journalist, Belva Davis, she and another black reporter were chased out of the convention by attendees yelling racial slurs.


1964 Republican National Convention, Platform
The 1964 Republican Platform was dominated by Goldwater conservatives, which meant the platform was dominated by calls for limited government, condemnations of the Kennedy and Johnson foreign and domestic policy, calls for more open space for free enterprise, a hard-line against Communist North Vietnam, calls for reform of the United Nations, a staunch support of NATO, calls for lower taxes, a hard line against international Communism, and an accusation that the Kennedy Administration was guilty of Munich-like appeasement for having opened a hotline with the Soviet Union and not with American allies.


1964 Republican National Convention, Balloting
The roll call vote of the states was as follows, as reported by the New York Times: