1964 Kansas City Chiefs season
The  1964 Kansas City Chiefs season was the 5th season for the Kansas City Chiefs as a professional AFL franchise; The Chiefs began the year with a 2–1 mark before dropping three consecutive games as several of the team's best players, including E.J. Holub, Fred Arbanas and Johnny Robinson, missed numerous games with injuries. Arbanas missed the final two games of the year after undergoing surgery to his left eye, in which he suffered almost total loss of vision.


1964 Kansas City Chiefs season
Running back Mack Lee Hill, who signed with the club as a rookie free agent and received a mere $300 signing bonus, muscled his way into the starting lineup and earned a spot in the AFL All-Star Game. The club rounded out the season with two consecutive wins to close the season at 7–7, finishing second in the AFL Western Conference behind the San Diego Chargers. An average of just 18,126 fans attended each home game at Municipal Stadium, prompting discussion at the AFL owners meeting about the Chiefs future in Kansas City.


1964 Kansas City Chiefs season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1964 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1964 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the 1964 NCAA University Division football season.


1964 Kansas Jayhawks football team, Regular season
During his Jayhawk career, Gale Sayers rushed for 2,675 yards and gained 3,917 all-purpose yards. In 1963, he set an NCAA Division I record with a 99-yard run against Nebraska. In his senior year, he led the Jayhawks to a 15–14 upset victory over Oklahoma with a 96-yard kickoff return.


1964 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1964 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Doug Weaver. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium for the second to last year. The Wildcats finished the season with a 3–7 record with a 3–4 record in conference play. They finished in a tie for seventh place. The Wildcats scored 64 points and gave up 186 points.


1964 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 1964 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1964. Republican nominee William H. Avery defeated Democratic nominee Harry G. Wiles with 50.9% of the vote.


1964 Kansas gubernatorial election
This marks the last time in Kansas history that the elected Governor was of the same party as the outgoing Governor.


1964 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election
The 1964 Kensington and Chelsea Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained control of the council.


1964 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea and Metropolitan Borough of Kensington. These boroughs were joined to form the new London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 168 candidates stood in the election for the 60 seats being contested across 15 wards. These included a full slate from the Conservative party, while the Labour and Liberal parties stood 59 and 42 respectively. Other candidates included 7 from the Communist party. There were 4 six-seat wards, 4 two-seat wards, 3 four-seat wards, 3 three-seat wards and 1 seven-seat ward.


1964 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. The Conservatives got 8 aldermen and Labour 2.


1964 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw the Conservatives gain the new council with a majority of 32 after winning 46 of the 60 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 25.5%. This turnout included 626 postal votes.


1964 Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council election, Ward results
Labour nominee A. J. Kazantzis was rejected because one of his assenting signatories had signed the nomination papers of Mr. Banner-Stone and Mr. Dutch.


1964 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The 1964 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Leo Strang, the Golden Flashes compiled a 3–5–1 record (1–4–1 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 121 to 87.


1964 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The team's statistical leaders included Tom Clements with 444 rushing yards, Ron Mollric with 384 passing yards, and Fred Gissendaner with 258 receiving yards. Offensive guard Booker Collins and halfback Pat Gucciardo were selected as first-team All-MAC players.


1964 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
Leo Strang was hired as Kent State's head football coach in January 1964. He head previously been the football coach at Massillon Washington High School.


1964 Kentucky Derby
The 1964 Kentucky Derby was the 90th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 2, 1964. Northern Dancer's winning time set a new Derby record (later broken).


1964 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1964 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the Southeastern Conference during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. The Wildcats scored 150 points while allowing 194 points, finishing 5–5 overall, 3–3 in the SEC.


1964 Kentucky Wildcats football team, Season
Jim Foley and Bill Jenkins were chosen as team captains.


1964 Kentucky Wildcats football team, Season
Kentucky opened with a 13–6 win against Detroit, then upset #1 ranked Ole Miss on the road, 27–21. A 20–0 victory against #7 ranked Auburn followed. A 48–6 loss at Florida State put Kentucky at 3–1, though Kentucky was ranked #5 in the AP poll.


1964 Kentucky Wildcats football team, Season
Next came a 27–7 loss to #9 LSU, followed by a 21–7 loss at Georgia and a 26–21 loss at West Virginia. Kentucky rebounded to beat Vanderbilt 22–21; a 17–15 loss to Baylor was followed by a 12–7 win at Tennessee to close the season at 5–5.


1964 Kesteven County Council election
Elections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 11 April 1964. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo. The Local Government Act 1888 established Kesteven as an administrative county, governed by a Council; elections were held every three years from 1889, until it was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, which established Lincolnshire County Council in its place.


1964 Kesteven County Council election
The county was divided into 60 electoral divisions, each of which returned one member. In 1964 there were contests in 5 of these.


1964 Kesteven County Council election, Results by division
Source: "Vicar unseats a retiring member". Sleaford Standard. 17 April 1964. p. 13


1964 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1964 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board. The championship began on 3 May 1964 and ended on 1 November 1964.


1964 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
St. Lachtain's were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Bennettsbridge in the second round. Rower-Inistioge were promoted to the championship.


1964 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 1 November 1964, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 4-09 to 1-04 defeat of Glenmore in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their ninth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.


1964 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election
The 1964 Kingston upon Thames Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained control of the council.


1964 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Municipal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames, Municipal Borough of Malden and Coombe and Municipal Borough of Surbiton. These boroughs were joined to form the new London Borough of Kingston upon Thames by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 172 candidates stood in the election for the 60 seats being contested across 24 wards. These included a full slate from the Conservative and Labour parties, while the Liberals stood 42 candidates. Other candidates included 9 Residents and 1 Communist. There were 16 two-seat wards, 4 four-seat wards and 4 three-seat wards.


1964 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. The Conservatives got 9 aldermen and Labour 1.


1964 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw the Conservatives gain the new council with a majority of 20 after winning 40 of the 60 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 43.0%. This turnout included 389 postal votes.


1964 Korean National Semi-Professional Football League
The 1964 National Semi-Professional Football League (Korean: 1964년 전국실업축구연맹전) was first season of National Semi-Professional Football League. The 1964 season was divided into spring league and autumn league.


1964 Korean National Semi-Professional Football League, Spring
Spring season of 1964 National Semi-Professional Football League saw the ten teams divided into two groups of five teams. Spring season was held from 7 July to 14 July 1964 in Hyochang Stadium.


1964 Korean National Semi-Professional Football League, Autumn
Autumn season of 1964 National Semi-Professional Football League operated full-league from 10 October to 8 November 1964 in Seoul.


1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen
The 1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen (Danish: Danmarksturneringens Kvalifikationsturnering 1964) was the fourteenth edition of the Danish fourth-tier association football division since its establishment in 1950 as part of the Danmarksturneringen's nation-wide league structure. Governed by the Danish FA, the season was launched in March 1964, and the last round of matches concluded on 15 November 1964.


1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen
KFUM København and BK Rødovre entered as relegated teams from last season's third division, while IK Viking, BK Dalgas, Assens G&IK, IF Fuglebakken, Brønderslev IF, B 1921 and Holte IF entered as promoted teams from the 1963 Bornholm Series, 1963 Copenhagen Series, 1963 Funen Series, 1963 Jutland Series, 1963 Lolland-Falster Series and 1963 Zealand Series respectively. The twelve teams in the division entered the 1964–65 Danish Cup in the cup tournament's qualifying rounds. Fixtures for the 1964 season were announced on 6 January 1964.


1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen
BK Fremad Amager won the league, securing their first fourth-tier division title, and returning to the third-tier league after a two-years absence, with IF Fuglebakken becoming the runners-up, gaining promotion to the third-tier league for the first time in the club's history. At the end of the season, the seven clubs with the fewest points in the final league standings, Frederiksberg BK, BK Rødovre, Holte IF, BK Dalgas, Brønderslev IF, B 1921 and Assens G&IK, were relegated to the regional top-flight leagues. Bjarne Hinrichsen of Frederiksberg BK became the league's top scorer, netting a total of 21 goals.


1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen, Summary
Fixtures for the 1964 season were announced by the Danish FA's tournament committee on 6 January 1964, and featured a nine weeks long summer break.


1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen, Summary
BK Fremad Amager and IF Fuglebakken both secured their promotions to the third-tier on 26 october 1964 by winning their home games against BK Dalgas and B 1921 respectively, while the then closest competitor Kalundborg GF&BK only managed to tie their away game against Assens G&IK – gaining a seven-point lead with just two rounds remaining. The league division title was determined and won by BK Fremad Amager on match 22. The award ceremony was held during the break of the match between IK Viking and BK Fremad Amager on 15 November with the Danish FA's representative Preben Engset (Svaneke) presenting the league trophy to the captain of BK Fremad Amager.


1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen, Teams
Twelve teams competed in the league – three teams from the previous season, two teams relegated from the third tier and seven teams promoted from the regional top-flight leagues of Bornholm, Copenhagen, Funen, Jutland, Lolland-Falster and Zealand. The promoted teams were Brønderslev IF, IF Fuglebakken, Holte IF, Assens G&IK, BK Dalgas, all five clubs entered the fourth-tier league for the first time in their history, B 1921, returning after a two-year absence, and IK Viking, returning after a one-year absence.


1964 Kvalifikationsturneringen, Teams
They replaced Silkeborg IF, Brande IF, Otterup B&IK, Holstebro BK, Rønne IK, Vorup-Frederiksberg BK and Helsingør IF, ending their fourth-tier spells of one, one, one, one, one, two and two years respectively. The relegated teams were KFUM København and BK Rødovre, both entered the fourth nation-wide division for the first time, replacing Svendborg fB, who entered the third division for the first time, ending their spell in the fourth-tier of two years, and Nakskov BK, who returned to the third division after a four years absence.


1964 LEN European Cup
The 1964 Water Polo European Cup was the inaugural edition of LEN's premier competition for men's water polo clubs. The competition consisted of two round-robin stages, and it was contested by fifteen national champions. The first stage was held February 21–23, and it comprised a nine-team group in Naples and a six-team group in Magdeburg. The final stage, held in March, was originally planned to be contested by the two top teams from each group, but LEN later expanded it to six teams. Partizan won all five games to win the championship, while Dynamo Moscow was the runner-up.


1964 LFF Lyga
The 1964 LFF Lyga was the 43rd season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 16 teams, and Inkaras Kaunas won the championship.


1964 LPGA Championship
The 1964 LPGA Championship was the tenth LPGA Championship, held October 1–4 at Stardust Country Club in Las Vegas, Nevada.


1964 LPGA Championship
Mary Mills shot a final round 69 (−2) to win the first of her two LPGA Championships, two strokes ahead runner-up Mickey Wright, the defending champion and 54-hole leader. The total of 278  set a record for the championship which stood until 1978; it was the second of three career majors for Mills.


1964 LPGA Championship
It was the fourth of six consecutive LPGA Championships at Stardust, which opened three years earlier. After several ownership and name changes, it became Las Vegas National Golf Club in 1998.


1964 LPGA Tour
The 1964 LPGA Tour was the 15th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from March 19 to November 22. The season consisted of 32 official money events. Mickey Wright won the most tournaments, 11. She also led the money list with earnings of $29,800.


1964 LPGA Tour
There were two first-time winners in 1964: Clifford Ann Creed and Carol Mann.


1964 LPGA Tour, Tournament results
The following table shows all the official money events for the 1964 season. "Date" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.


1964 LSU Tigers football team
The 1964 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season.


1964 LSU Tigers football team, Schedule
The game vs. Florida was originally scheduled for October 3, but was postponed until December 5 due to the threat of Hurricane Hilda on the original game date.


1964 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1964 La Flèche Wallonne was the 28th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 4 May 1964. The race started in Liège and finished in Charleroi. The race was won by Gilbert Desmet of the Wiel's team.


1964 Lady Wigram Trophy
The 1964 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 18 January 1964. It was the thirteenth Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Bruce McLaren for the second year in succession in the Cooper T70. After having started eighth after a dismal performance in the preliminary heat, McLaren came through the pack to take the win in what he described as his greatest performance. Jack Brabham took second place after a strong performance throughout the weekend whilst Denny Hulme came home third after losing second on the final lap due to engine bearing issues.


1964 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1964 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette tied for last place in both the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and the Middle Three Conference.


1964 Lafayette Leopards football team
In their second year under head coach Kenneth Bunn, the Leopards compiled an 0–7–2 record. Douglas Dill and George Hossenlopp were the team captains.


1964 Lafayette Leopards football team
At 0–4–2 against MAC University Division foes, Lafayette was one of three teams without a win in conference play, along with Hofstra, playing its first year in the division, and Lehigh, both of which finished 0–3–1. Lafayette went 0–1–1 against the Middle Three, losing to Rutgers and tying Lehigh.


1964 Lafayette Leopards football team
Lafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1964 Lakemba state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Lakemba on 19 September 1964. It was triggered by the death of Stan Wyatt (Labor).


1964 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team
The 1964 Lamar Tech Cardinals football season was the program's first season in the new on–campus Cardinal Stadium now named Provost Umphrey Stadium. The Cardinals competed in the 1964 NCAA College Division football season as part of the Southland Conference. Winning the Southland Conference championship with a 3–0–1 conference record and a 6–3–1 overall record, the Cardinals played in the inaugural Pecan Bowl losing to Northern Iowa by the score of 19–17.


1964 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team, Honors and recognitions
Vernon Glass was named NCAA College Division Coach of the Year for the season.


1964 Lambeth London Borough Council election
The 1964 Lambeth Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Lambeth London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained control of the council. The election is notable for being the first one ever fought by John Major.


1964 Lambeth London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth and Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth. These boroughs were joined to form the new London Borough of Lambeth by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Lambeth London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 159 candidates stood in the election for the 60 seats being contested across 20 wards. These included a full slate from the Conservative and Labour parties, while the Liberals stood 30 candidates. Other candidates included 6 Communists and 3 Independents. All wards were three-seat wards.


1964 Lambeth London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. Labour got 9 aldermen and the Conservatives 1.


1964 Lambeth London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Lambeth London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw Labour gain the new council with a majority of 24 after winning 42 of the 60 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 26.1%. This turnout included 832 postal votes.


1964 Laotian coups
The 1964 Laotian coups were two attempted coup d'etats against the Royal Lao Government. The 18 April 1964 coup was notable for being committed by the policemen of the Directorate of National Coordination. Although successful, it was overturned five days later by U.S. Ambassador Leonard Unger. In its wake, Neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma forged a fragile coalition with the Pathet Lao communists. On 4 August 1964, Defense Minister Phoumi Nosavan attempted to take over Vientiane with a training battalion. This coup was quickly crushed by the local Royal Lao Army troops, as the police sat out the conflict.


1964 Laotian coups
The Pathet Lao left the coalition and repudiated Souvanna Phouma. Perforce he was driven to cooperate with the rightist Royalist politicians and military officers. None of the events affected the North Vietnamese usage of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to send troops into battle in South Vietnam.


1964 Laotian coups, Overview
The United States began bankrolling France's First Indochina War in 1950. Charles Yost, the first U.S. ambassador to Laos took up his duties in September 1954. Four months after he arrived, the U.S. Operations Mission (USOM) set up shop. When USOM proved unable to track U.S. military aid, the Programs Evaluation Office was established in December 1955. Despite Yost's best efforts to curb the activities of the CIA and the anti-Communist stance of the Eisenhower administration, the American mission would continue to increasingly involve itself with both political and military operations within Laos. The U.S., which did not sign the Final Declaration, issued its own declaration making it easier for Eisenhower to state that the US would not be governed by agreements made at the Geneva Conference. 1954 Geneva Accords.


1964 Laotian coups, Background
General Siho Lamphouthacoul used his powers as the National Director of Coordination to build Laotian police forces into a national power. Siho gathered and trained two special battalions of paramilitary police during the latter part of 1960, dubbing them the Directorate of National Coordination. Siho's new battalions helped carry the day at the Battle of Vientiane, when General Phoumi Nosavan seized power in December 1960. Acquiring the National Police from the Ministry of the Interior, and co-opting local military police, Siho consolidated the Lao police into the DNC. Attaining a strength of 6,500 men, the DNC would be Siho's instrument for power.


1964 Laotian coups, Background
By March 1964, the Vietnamese communists had begun forwarding combat units down the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The increased activity in the southern Laotian panhandle threatened the neutrality of the Kingdom of Laos, as well as the very existence of South Vietnam. In mid-month, Lao Defense Minister Phoumi Nosavan flew to Dalat, Vietnam to confer with South Vietnamese senior officers. They agreed that the South Vietnamese could attack the Trail on Laotian territory with entire regiments and with air strikes. When Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma learned of the agreement that had been struck without his knowledge, he scaled back the South Vietnamese operations to forays by reconnaissance teams, with a hidden South Vietnamese liaison operating from Savannakhet, Laos.


1964 Laotian coups, Siho's coup
On 18 April 1964, Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma met with his brother Souphanouvong, leader of the Lao communists, on the Plain of Jars. The Pathet Lao demanded demilitarization of both Luang Prabang and Vientiane as the price of their participation in a national government. This discouraged Souvanna Phouma, who returned to Vientiane, having decided to resign as Prime Minister. However, King Sisavang Vatthana would not approve the resignation until the next day.


1964 Laotian coups, Siho's coup
At this turn of events, Siho Lamphouthacoul inveigled Kouprasith Abhay into a coup, on the grounds that the United States would be forced by events to accept their new government. Beginning at 2200 hours on the night of 18/19 April 1964, Siho's police unit Bataillon Special 33 (Special Battalion 33) seized Vientiane's infrastructure. Minister of Defense Phoumi Nosavan was contacted at 0415 hours; he declined to join the coup.


1964 Laotian coups, Siho's coup
By 0430, another DNC unit, Bataillon Special 11 (Special Battalion 11) had arrested Souvanna Phouma and 15 leading officials of such opposed factions as the Royal Lao Army, Forces Army Neutraliste, and the French Embassy. The coup force emptied the safe in FAN's headquarters and looted Kong Le's home. Some 15 other FAN officials sought asylum from the coup in the Soviet Embassy. The Royal Lao Air Force was placed on alert, with its pilots bedded down in tents on the flight line.


1964 Laotian coups, Siho's coup
Kouprasith was chosen as the successor to power, with Siho his deputy. To strengthen his hold on the country, Kouprasith called in two battalions of his Groupement Mobile 17 (Mobile Group 17) from Military Region 2 to reinforce the DNC personnel. Communist forces promptly moved into the defensive positions strung along the north edge of the Plain of Jars that had been abandoned by GM 17.


1964 Laotian coups, Siho's coup
The coup had been staged in the absence of American ambassador Leonard Unger, who was in Saigon conferring with Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Ambassador to South Vietnam Henry Cabot Lodge, and Assistant Secretary for State for Far Eastern Affairs William P. Bundy. American ambassador Leonard Unger hastily returned from his conference on 23 April, accompanied by Bundy. Unger confronted Siho and Kouprasith and informed them that the United States supported Souvanna Phouma and the International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos of 23 July 1962. Unger noted that the two mutinous officers reacted like frightened schoolboys. Bundy thought they were desperate to save face. Unger ordered Siho and Kouprasith to release their captives while announcing they had taken Souvanna Phouma into custody to secure the national government. In a face saving gesture, they did so. Unger's orders had ended the abortive coup.


1964 Laotian coups, Siho's coup
Even before the mutineers could act, Unger and Bundy visited Phoumi. He promised them the release of Souvanna Phouma, Amka Soukhavong, and the other neutralists. Once they were released the following day, Souvanna Phouma returned to negotiations for a coalition government. He succeeded, but had to agree to fill vacant communist seats in the Royal Lao Government. The Prime Minister, under pressure from the rightists, did not fill the Pathet Lao slots in the government. Despite the political pressure, Souvanna Phouma replaced Phoumi as Defense Minister. No sooner was Phoumi stripped of power than Siho and Kouprasith wanted in on his gambling rackets, and his opium and gold smuggling operations. Meanwhile, on 3 June, Souphanouvong announced that the Pathet Lao no longer recognized Souvanna as Prime Minister; this effectively ended their participation in the coalition.


1964 Laotian coups, Phoumi's coup
In the wake of the April 1964 coup, Kouprasith emerged as Deputy Commander in Chief of the RLA. His ally Ouane Rattikone was the Commander in Chief. However, Siho was not only outranked, but drew international criticism for his coup. In response, he retitled the DNC as Lao National Police, and laid low. In the meantime, Phoumi's powers were so diminished that he was allowed little input into the successful July 1964 Operation Triangle Kouprasith headed. However, Phoumi evaded the agreement that ended the April coup, which deprived him of troops to command.


1964 Laotian coups, Phoumi's coup
He still led a full-strength training battalion in the capital, as well as the cadre for a second, and had a couple of "economic battalions" of military veterans at his disposal in Thakhek and Pakxe. On 4 August 1964, Phoumi loosed his training battalion in a coup. Led by Phoumi's bodyguard, Major Boua, the trainees erected roadblocks throughout Vientiane. They were promptly crushed by Kouprasith's troops as Siho's police sat out the fight. Major Boua went to jail. The training battalions were disbanded. Phoumi was left without troops to command.


1964 Laotian coups, Aftermath
The end result of the 1964 coups was the de-neutralization of Souvanna Phouma. Having been forced by circumstance to side with the rightwing politicians who held him in power, he would be opposed to the communists for the remainder of the Laotian Civil War.


1964 Laotian coups, Aftermath
The Ho Chi Minh Trail would continue to be a conduit to South Vietnam for communist troops and materiel.


1964 Latvian SSR Higher League
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1964 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and ASK won the championship.


1964 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon between 5 April and 3 May 1964. Independent candidates won the majority of seats. Voter turnout was 53.0%.


1964 Leeds City Council election
The municipal elections for Leeds were held on Thursday 7 May 1964, with one third of the council seats up for the election. Labour had gained a seat from the Conservatives in the interim.


1964 Leeds City Council election
The Liberal spike of 1962, having faltered the year before, fully unwound in this election, with the Conservatives - the party it had most harmed - seeing a slight recovery in their fortunes, by a tune of a 1.4% swing to them. That recovery, however, wasn't enough to stop Labour gaining their remaining seat in Wortley, confining them - with the exception of Beeston - to their reliable strongholds.


1964 Leeds City Council election
Even there, Labour had made significant inroads, with the usually safe seats of Hyde Park and Pottemewton converted to marginals, and in the case of the latter, slashing the majority to just 147 votes. Elsewhere, the Conservatives could be encouraged by the collapse of the Liberal threat in Far Headingley and May Sexton's efforts in Westfield looking increasingly likely to return her to the council with each election.


1964 Leeds City Council election
Pre -empting the upcoming aldermanic elections that year, the Gentlemen's agreement in place between the two parties to divide aldermen totals proportional to their councillors, reapportioned a further three from the Conservatives to Labour, reflecting the new councillor totals - which were Labour's best and the Conservative's worst since 1947. 1947 was also the year in which the Communists obtained their greatest vote, a figure they very nearly matched, fielding a record number of ten candidates. Turnout fell by a percentage point on the previous year, to 36.6%.


1964 Leeds City Council election, Election result
The result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:


1964 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1964 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season. Lehigh tied for last in both the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and in the Middle Three Conference.


1964 Lehigh Engineers football team
In their third and final year under head coach Mike Cooley, the Engineers compiled a 1–7–1 record. Charles Ortlam and Joe Weiss were the team captains.


1964 Lehigh Engineers football team
At 0–3–1 against MAC University Division foes, Lehigh was one of three teams without a win in conference play, along with Hofstra (0–3–1), playing its first year in the division, and Lafayette (0–4–2). Lehigh went 0–1–1 against the Middle Three, losing to Rutgers and tying Lafayette.


1964 Lehigh Engineers football team
Lehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1964 Lewisham London Borough Council election
The 1964 Lewisham Council election took place on 7 May 1964 to elect members of Lewisham London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party gained control of the council.


1964 Lewisham London Borough Council election, Background
These elections were the first to the newly formed borough. Previously elections had taken place in the Metropolitan Borough of Deptford and Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham. These boroughs were joined to form the new London Borough of Lewisham by the London Government Act 1963.


1964 Lewisham London Borough Council election, Background
A total of 173 candidates stood in the election for the 60 seats being contested across 23 wards. These included a full slate from the Labour party, while the Conservative and Liberal parties stood 58 and 46 respectively. Other candidates included 9 from the Communist party. There were 14 three-seat wards and 9 two-seat wards.


1964 Lewisham London Borough Council election, Background
This election had aldermen as well as directly elected councillors. Labour got 8 aldermen and the Conservatives 2.


1964 Lewisham London Borough Council election, Background
The Council was elected in 1964 as a "shadow authority" but did not start operations until 1 April 1965.


1964 Lewisham London Borough Council election, Election result
The results saw Labour gain the new council with a majority of 30 after winning 45 of the 60 seats. Overall turnout in the election was 34.7%. This turnout included 1,396 postal votes.


1964 Liberty Bowl
The 1964 Liberty Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 19, 1964, at the Atlantic City Convention Hall (now known as Boardwalk Hall) in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was the sixth edition of the Liberty Bowl, and featured the Utah Utes and the West Virginia Mountaineers.


1964 Liberty Bowl
This was the first major bowl game ever played indoors and the first indoor American football game broadcast nationwide in the United States. It was played indoors at a temperature of 60 °F (16 °C), in a venue that in the previous year had already hosted the Boardwalk Bowl (a small college bowl game), the Miss America pageant, the 1964 Democratic National Convention that nominated Lyndon B. Johnson for President, and one of The Beatles' largest concerts during their first American tour.


1964 Liberty Bowl, Background
The venue had been shifted to Atlantic City after the bowl was played for its initial five years outdoors in Philadelphia Municipal Stadium, (later John F. Kennedy Stadium), often in temperatures below freezing. The inaugural Liberty Bowl in 1959 saw Penn State beat Alabama by a score of 7–0 in front of 38,000 fans. But it was downhill from there, and fewer than 10,000 were in attendance to watch the 1963 edition between Mississippi State and NC State, with the organizers taking a loss of $40,000.


1964 Liberty Bowl, Background
The frigid temperatures at year's end in the Northeast led to the game being called the "Deep Freeze Bowl". Bud Dudley, organizer of the Liberty Bowl, was ready for a change and he was receptive to an offer from a group of Atlantic City businessmen who were trying to help revive the then-fading Jersey Shore resort that included a $25,000 guarantee.


1964 Liberty Bowl, Background
The 1964 playing of the Liberty Bowl was the first major bowl game ever played indoors. Artificial turf was not in use  yet, and the playing surface was a 4-inch-thick (10 cm) grass surface with two inches of burlap underneath it on top of concrete. Artificial lights were installed and kept running all day long to keep the grass growing. The organizers spent $16,000 on all of the field preparations for the game. To squeeze the game onto the floor of the convention hall, the end zones at each side of the field were shortened to eight yards in depth from the regulation ten.


1964 Liberty Bowl, Background
In the 1964 postseason, the Liberty Bowl was one of just eight major bowl games. The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) agreed to broadcast the game nationally, and brought Paul Christman, Curt Gowdy and Jim McKay to announce the game, paying $95,000 for the rights to broadcast the first nationwide telecast of an indoor football game.


1964 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
The Utah Utes (8–2) faced the West Virginia Mountaineers (7–3). West Virginia's regular season record included a 28–27 upset over the Sugar Bowl-bound Syracuse Orangemen in their final regular game of the season. West Virginia featured running back Dick Leftridge and Utah's offense featured All-American Roy Jefferson. Utah used their speed, and dominated West Virginia from start to finish and won 32–6. Utah Halfback Ron Coleman gained 154 yards on 15 carries, scoring a touchdown on a 53-yard run. Utah quarterback (and safety) Pokey Allen was named the game's outstanding player.


1964 Liberty Bowl, Game summary
This was the last edition of the Liberty Bowl played in the Northeastern United States; it moved to Memphis, Tennessee, for the 1965 edition, where it has remained.


1964 Libyan general election
General elections were held in Libya to elect the House of Representatives on 10 October 1964. Following the 1952 elections political parties had been banned, so all candidates contested the election as independents. Although its spokesmen were arrested, the opposition managed to obtain representation in parliament. As a result, King Idris dissolved the Assembly and early elections were held the following year.


1964 Liechtenstein trade initiative referendum
A referendum on a trade initiative was held in Liechtenstein on 20 December 1964. The proposal was rejected by 62.5% of voters.


1964 Liga Femenina de Baloncesto
The 1964 Liga Femenina de Baloncesto was the 1st edition of the Spanish premier women's basketball championship. It took place from 23 February to 26 April 1964. Eight teams took part in the championship and CREFF Madrid won the first title. No teams were relegated due an expansion, Medina San Sebastián and Juventud Fantasit were promoted from Segunda División.


1964 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1964 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1964 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Cappamore won the championship after a 5-05 to 1-04 defeat of Dromcollogher in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their first title in five years. It remains their last championship triumph.


1964 Little League World Series
The 1964 Little League World Series took place between August 25 and August 29 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Mid -Island Little League of Staten Island, New York, defeated Obispado Little League of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, in the championship game of the 18th Little League World Series.


1964 Liverpool City Council election
Elections to Liverpool City Council were held on 7 May 1964.


1964 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results
The Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1961 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1961 election results.


1964 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections
Twenty of the forty Aldermen were elected by the city council on 20 May 1964. There were 20 vacancies, 7 Conservative and 13 Labour, with 20 Labour candidates returned. Those elected by the council and the wards they were allocated to are shown in the table below:


1964 Liverpool Scotland by-election
The Liverpool Scotland by-election, 1964 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 11 June 1964 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Scotland.


1964 Liverpool Scotland by-election
The by-election filled the vacancy left by the death of the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) David Logan on 25 February the same year. The seat was retained by the Labour Party.


1964 Liège–Bastogne–Liège
The 1964 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 50th edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 3 May 1964. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Willy Bocklant of the Flandria team.


1964 London local elections
Local government elections were held in the thirty-two London boroughs on Thursday 7 May 1964. Polling stations were open between 8 am and 9 pm.


1964 London local elections
This was the first election for the London boroughs, which had been created by the London Government Act 1963. All seats were up for election. The result was a landslide for the Labour Party, who won twenty of the boroughs. The Conservatives won nine, and three were under no overall control. Only sixteen Liberal councillors were elected in London, along with forty-nine residents and ratepayers candidates, three independents and three Communists.


1964 London local elections
The result followed the convincing Labour gain of the new Greater London Council in the first GLC elections held on 9 April.


1964 London local elections
Until 1978, each council had aldermen, in the ratio of one aldermen to six councillors. Following the elections, each council elected all of its aldermen, half of which served until 1968 and half until 1971. This did not affect political control in any borough.


1964 Londonderry Borough Council election
Elections to Londonderry Borough Council were held in 1964. Albert Anderson continued as Mayor.


1964 Long Beach State 49ers football team
The 1964 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented California State College, Long Beach during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season. The 49ers competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).


1964 Long Beach State 49ers football team
The team was led by head coach Don Reed, in his seventh year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2, 3–2 CCAA). Their only two losses came against teams then-ranked No. 2 in the AP Small-College Football Poll.


1964 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL
The following finished their college career in 1964, were not drafted, but played in the AFL (prior to the merger with the NFL).


1964 Los Angeles Angels season
The 1964 Los Angeles Angels season involved the Angels finishing fifth in the American League with a record of 82 wins and 80 losses, 17 games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees.


1964 Los Angeles Angels season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Los Angeles Angels season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Los Angeles Angels season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Los Angeles Angels season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Los Angeles Angels season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Los Angeles Dodgers season
The 1964 Los Angeles Dodgers finished with a record of 80–82, 13 games behind the National League and World Series Champion St. Louis Cardinals, tied for sixth place with the Pittsburgh Pirates.


1964 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1964 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1964 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1964 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 27th year competing as a member of the National Football League (NFL) and the 19th season in Los Angeles. The Rams were attempting to improve on their 5-9 record from the previous season and make the playoffs for the first time since 1955. The season got off to a promising start with wins over Pittsburgh and Minnesota, sandwiched around a tie against the Detroit Lions. However the Rams lost their next two games on the road to the Bears and Colts to even their record at 2-2-1.


1964 Los Angeles Rams season
The Rams rebounded by winning 3 of their next 4 games to stand at 5-3-1, and their playoff hopes intact. However, the Rams collapsed in their final 5 games, going 0-4-1, with the tie coming against the Green Bay Packers in the final game of the season. The Rams ultimately finished with a 5-7-2 record and missed the postseason for the 9th straight year.


1964 Los Angeles Rams season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1964 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 1964 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season. In their twenty-fourth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 9–1 record.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on March 3, 1964. Democrat John McKeithen won a highly-competitive primary and dispatched Republican Charlton Lyons in the general election, though Lyons made a historically good showing for a Louisiana Republican up to this point.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The two Democratic Party primaries were held on December 7, 1963 and January 11. McKeithen defeated former Mayor of New Orleans Chep Morrison in a run-off. This was Morrison's third failed run for Governor.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign
In the early days of the campaign, the conventional wisdom of political analysts was that the race would be a three-way contest between Morrison, Kennon, and Gillis Long.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign
As the campaign progressed, however, John McKeithen's standing in the polls rose rapidly. McKeithen, who had been a floor leader for the Longite faction in 1948, was endorsed by Earl Long's widow, Blanche Revere Long, who served as his campaign manager. He would later appoint her to a key department in his administration.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign
Gillis Long was endorsed by Senator Russell B. Long and was vying with McKeithen for the support of the Longite faction.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign
Kennon had the support of some business and industrial interests, as well as some segregationist voters.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign
Some observers theorized that the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, which occurred just days before the primary election, may have had a significant impact on the results. The assassination weakened Kennon's prospects because Kennon had in a televised address been highly critical of certain policies of both President Kennedy and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy describing the Kennedy brothers as "young, misguided men." McKeithen had also criticized the Kennedys, describing both Gillis Long and Chep Morrison as "the Washington candidates." While it did not play as prominent role as in the 1959–60 campaign, race was an important issue in the primary. Jackson was the vocal segregationist among the five candidates, and Kennon discussed "state sovereignty", which some saw as a code word for segregation.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Results
Just as in his previous two gubernatorial elections, Morrison found the bulk of his support in New Orleans and South Louisiana. McKeithen's strong support in North Louisiana earned him a place in the runoff. Gillis Long did well in South Louisiana, but the presence of so many strong North Louisiana candidates denied him a significant base of support in that region.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Results
The fifth-place candidate, Shelby Jackson, ran as a vocal segregationist. He drew conservative and segregationist votes from Kennon and therefore worked to deny Kennon the a place in the runoff against Morrison. Even if half of Jackson's votes had otherwise gone to Kennon, then Kennon, and not McKeithen, would have faced the runoff with Morrison. Jackson's supporters were also believed in many cases to have been previous backers of the 1959 segregationist gubernatorial hopeful, William M. Rainach of Claiborne Parish.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Run-off, Campaign
In the runoff, McKeithen echoed the racist tactics of former governor Jimmie Davis in the 1960 campaign, charging that Morrison was supported by a NAACP bloc vote. Portraying himself as a Southerner threatened by outside interests, asking the people of the state "Won't you help me?" He likewise borrowed Earl Long's criticisms of Morrison as a toupee-wearing city slicker out of touch with rural voters.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Run-off, Results
McKeithen won 44 of 64 parishes, including every North Louisiana parish. Avoyelles was the most northerly parish to support Morrison. McKeithen's geographic support was strikingly similar to Jimmie Davis' in the 1960 runoff; he won every Davis parish except one.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Run-off, Results
In the race for lieutenant governor, C. C. Aycock, the incumbent, ran successfully as an "Independent" Democrat, meaning that he was allied with no gubernatorial candidate.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, General election, Results
McKeithen overcame the conservative Republican Charlton Lyons, a Shreveport oilman, in the first seriously contested Louisiana gubernatorial general election since Reconstruction. McKeithen defeated Lyons, 469,589 (60.7 percent) to 297,753 (37.5 percent); another 1.8 percent went to the States Rights Party nominee. McKeithen seemed bitter that he had to face a strong Republican candidate after struggling through two hard-fought Democratic primaries.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Significance of the election
From Reconstruction until the 1964 election, Louisiana's Republican Party had been virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support. This meant that the two Democratic Party primaries were generally the real contest over who would be governor. In this election, however, the Republican made an unprecedented strong showing in the general election, winning 37.5% of the vote.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Sources
Howard, Perry H. Political Tendencies in Louisiana. LSU Press, 1971.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Sources
Jeansonne, Glenn. "DeLesseps Morrison: Why He Couldn't Become Governor of Louisiana." Louisiana History 14, 1973.


1964 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Sources
Public Affairs Research Council of Louisiana, executive director Edward J. Steimel. Voter's Guide to the 1963–1964 Elections


1964 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1964 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1964 NCAA University Division football season. In their 19th season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 1–9 record (0–3 against conference opponents) and were outscored by a total of 217 to 70.


1964 Louisville Cardinals football team
The team's statistical leaders included Tom LaFramboise	 with 1,380 passing yards, Ron Hall with 301 rushing yards, and Al MacFarlane with 446 receiving yards and 26 points scored.


1964 Lowood 4 Hour
The 1964 Lowood 4 Hour was a motor race for production touring cars staged at the Lowood circuit in Queensland, Australia on 12 April 1964. The race, which was promoted by the Queensland Racing Drivers' Club Ltd., was the first of three Lowood 4 Hour races to be held at the circuit.


1964 Lowood 4 Hour
Whilst the emphasis was on class results, the Ford Cortina GT driven by Harry Firth and John Raeburn had completed the greatest number of laps at the end of the four hours. This same car, driven by Harry Firth and Bob Jane, had won the 1963 Armstrong 500 endurance race at Bathurst six months before and was using the same set of tyres that had been on the car during its earlier victory.


1964 Lowood 4 Hour, Classes
Cars competed in four classes grouped according to the retail selling price of each car.


1964 Luxembourg general election
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 7 June 1964. Despite receiving fewer votes than the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, the Christian Social People's Party remained the largest party, winning 22 of the 56 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.


1964 Machida F-8 crash
The 1964 Machida F-8 crash (町田米軍機墜落事故, lit. "Machida American Military Aircraft Crash") occurred on 5 April 1964 in Machida, Tokyo, Japan. A United States Marine Corps Vought RF-8A Crusader, BuNo 146891, which was returning as one half of a two-plane flight of Crusaders from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa to its home base of Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Kanagawa Prefecture, suffered a mechanical malfunction. It subsequently crashed into a residential neighborhood in the Hara-Machida area of Machida City (near present-day JR Machida Station) in Tokyo, Japan. The other aircraft landed safely at Atsugi.


1964 Machida F-8 crash
The crash killed four people and injured 32 others on the ground. The stricken aircraft's pilot, Captain R. L. Bown of Seattle, Washington, successfully ejected at 5,000 feet and landed on a car, suffering minor bruises. The accident destroyed seven houses. Three of the four fatalities were caused by debris from the collapsed houses, and the fourth was from pieces of the destroyed aircraft.


1964 Machida F-8 crash
Japanese media questioned why Bown was not able to steer the aircraft away from the residential area before ejecting.


1964 Magyar Kupa
The 1964 Magyar Kupa (English: Hungarian Cup) was the 25th season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition.


1964 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1964 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1964 NCAA College Division football season. In its 14th season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 5–3 record (2–3 against conference opponents) and finished fourth out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Michael Haley and Ernest Smith were the team captains.


1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 35th midseason exhibition between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was played on July 7, 1964, at Shea Stadium in New York City, New York, home of the New York Mets of the National League. The game was a 7–4 victory for the NL. Johnny Callison hit a walk-off home run, the most recent MLB All-Star game to end in such a fashion.


1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
National League starter Don Drysdale gave up a leadoff single to Jim Fregosi, who scored on a passed ball and single by Harmon Killebrew.


1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
The NL took the lead in the fourth on a pair of home runs by Billy Williams and Ken Boyer off AL reliever John Wyatt, then made it 3–1 in the fifth on a Roberto Clemente single and Dick Groat double off Camilo Pascual.


1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
The score was tied in the sixth when Mickey Mantle and Killebrew singled and scored on a Brooks Robinson triple to right-center. The AL regained the lead 4–3 in the seventh. Elston Howard was hit by a pitch by Turk Farrell, took third on a Rocky Colavito double and scored on Fregosi's sacrifice fly.


1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary
It remained 4–3 until the bottom of the ninth. Dick Radatz issued a leadoff walk to Willie Mays, who stole second. Orlando Cepeda singled him home with the tying run and took second on an error. With Curt Flood pinch-running for Cepeda and Johnny Edwards on first with an intentional walk, Johnny Callison's three-run homer to deep right field ended the game.


1964 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Roster
Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.


1964 Major League Baseball season
The 1964 Major League Baseball season was played from April 13 to October 15, 1964. This season is often remembered for the end of the New York Yankees' third dynasty, as they won their 29th American League Championship in 44 seasons. However, the Yankees lost the World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games. As of 2018, the Cardinals are the only National League team to have an edge over the Yankees in series played (3–2), amongst the non-expansion teams.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis
The cabinet crisis of 1964 in Malawi occurred in August and September 1964 shortly after independence when, after an unresolved confrontation between the Prime Minister, Hastings Banda (later Malawi's first President) and the cabinet ministers  present on 26 August 1964, three ministers and a parliamentary secretary were dismissed on 7 September. These dismissals were followed by the resignations of three more cabinet ministers and another parliamentary secretary, in sympathy with those dismissed. Initially, this only left the President and one other minister in post, although one of those who had resigned rescinded his resignation within a few hours.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis
The reasons that the ex-ministers put forward for the confrontation and subsequent resignations were the autocratic attitude of Banda, who failed to consult other ministers and kept power in his own hands, his insistence on maintaining diplomatic relations with South Africa and Portugal and a number of domestic austerity measures. It is unclear whether the former ministers intended to remove Banda entirely, to reduce his role to that of a non-executive figurehead or simply to force him to recognise collective cabinet responsibility.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis
Banda seized the initiative, firstly, by dismissing some of the dissidents rather than negotiating, and secondly, (after the resignations) by holding a debate on a motion of confidence on 8 and 9 September 1964. As the result of the debate was an overwhelming vote of confidence, Banda declined to reinstate any of the ministers or offer them any other posts, despite the urging of the Governor-General to compromise. After some unrest, and clashes between supporters of the ex-ministers and of Banda, most of the former left Malawi in October with their families and leading supporters, for Zambia or Tanzania.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis
One ex-minister, Henry Chipembere went into hiding inside Malawi and, in February 1965 led a small, unsuccessful armed uprising. After its failure, he was able to arrange for his transfer to the USA. Another ex-minister, Yatuta Chisiza, organised an even smaller incursion from Mozambique in 1967, in which he was killed. Several of the former ministers died in exile or, in the case of Orton Chirwa in a Malawian jail, but some survived to return to Malawi after Banda was deposed and to return to public life.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis
The Cabinet Crisis, sometimes referred to as the Revolt of the Ministers is one of the most important but also most controversial episodes in the history of independent Malawi. Many of the contemporary documentary sources were written by expatriate diplomats and officials who were not close to the ex-ministers, and in some cases antipathetic to them. These accounts have been contradicted by the autobiographies, often written long after the event, of the ex-ministers themselves, although these are also inconsistent with one another. The principal published works quoted rely on a mixture of documentary sources and interviews with participants, both African and expatriate, and suggest that the crisis arose in a political culture that permitted no dissent, and treated attempts to debate issues as plotting.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Development of Congress
For most of the colonial period, most Africans in Nyasaland had no political voice and only a small number of chiefs had a very limited influence on the colonial government and they did not represent the interests of a growing body of African town dwellers. Most early African interest groups were local, represented only a small, mainly urban educated African elite and promoted their demands for a political voice, not independence. Only in the 1940s, with the formation of the Nyasaland African Congress, did one organisation represent the whole of Nyasaland.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Development of Congress
From 1944, various African local associations united into the Nyasaland African Congress, which demanded African representation on the Legislative Council that advised the colonial governors. From 1946, the Nyasaland African Congress received financial and political support from Hastings Banda, then living in Britain. Post-war British governments of both main parties agreed to the formation of a federation of the three British territories in Central Africa, rather than their complete amalgamation, as the Southern Rhodesian government preferred: the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was pushed through in 1953 against very strong African opposition.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Development of Congress
Federation radicalised some younger Congress members, and when in 1955 the Colonial Office agreed that the Legislative Council should include five African members nominated by Provincial Councils, they seized the opportunity. Although the Provincial Councils were largely composed of chiefs, their members were receptive to popular wishes, and they nominated Congress members or supporters to the Legislative Council. In 1956, Henry Chipembere and Kanyama Chiume, two young radical members of Congress, were nominated together with two moderate Congress members and a Congress supporter. This success led to a rapid growth in Congress membership in 1956 and 1957.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Development of Congress
Chipembere and Chiume were members of a new generation of pan-Africanist politicians, deeply influenced by Socialist and sometimes Marxist ideas and experiences acquired outside Malawi, who realised the value of a well-organised mass movement. Chipembere was a southerner, but many others were northerners. Chiume was born in the Nkhata Bay district but educated entirely in Tanganyika and Uganda. Dunduzu Chisiza and his elder brother, Yatuta Chisiza, had been born in Karonga District before becoming a long-term residents of Uganda and Tanganyika.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Development of Congress
They were influenced both by Julius Nyerere and Kenneth Kaunda; Dunduzu  had also lived in Southern Rhodesia before being deported to Nyasaland for his political activities. During the 1950s, these younger men displaced the older generation as leaders of Congress. They expressed hostility towards Europeanization, which cut them off from their cultural roots, an African middle class sympathising with Federation and the autocratic Chiefs. However, as they lacked status and knowledge of local African customs, they needed a charismatic older man as their leader. The chosen leader, Dr Banda, was sensitive to the country's political tradition. In preaching defiance of the "stupid Federation", Banda was in tune with the popular mood, but he also defended the chiefs and the rights of the older generation of educated men.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Banda's return
The younger members of the Nyasaland African Congress had little faith in its leader, T D T Banda, and wished to replace him with Dr Hastings Banda, who had by then moved to the Gold Coast. Dr Banda announced he would only return if given the presidency of Congress: after this was agreed, he returned to Nyasaland in July 1958 and T D T Banda was ousted.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Banda's return
When Banda returned to Nyasaland, which he had left in 1915, he was over 60. Chipembere and Chiume and most other leading Congress activists were in their late 20s or early 30s. As well as the age difference there was, from the start, a disagreement about Banda's role: the activists saw him as a figurehead, but he saw himself as the leader of Congress and expected their obedience. Banda was absolutely opposed to Federation, but otherwise more moderate in his speeches that the younger Congress members. Both Chipembere and Chiume avoided social contact with Europeans and, in their speeches, they frequently denounced Europeans as a group, in contrast to Banda's relatively cordial relations with individual Europeans.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Banda's return
Banda appointed Chipembere as Treasurer, Chiume as Publicity Secretary and Dunduzu Chisiza as Secretary-general of Congress. He also appointed four other young radicals to the party's Executive Committee, ignoring older moderates, but made it clear that he regarded his appointees as subordinates, not colleagues. Although these appointees had senior positions, these came with a heavy workload and tied them to the MCP headquarters in Blantyre, away from their grassroots support.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Nyasaland African Congress, Banda's return
In the nine months between his return and the declaration of a State of Emergency, Banda combined opposition to Federation with more popular causes, such as the African smallholders' dislike of agricultural practices imposed on them. He used these popular issues to mobilise Congress supporters into strikes, disobedience and protests that would disrupt the everyday operation of the colonial government.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Background
In January 1958, Banda presented Congress proposals for an African majority in the Legislative Council to the governor, Sir Robert Armitage. As this would have led to a demand for withdrawal from the Federation, Armitage refused. This breakdown in talks led to Congress demands for more violent anti-government action, and leading Congress activists made increasingly inflammatory statements. Armitage was influenced by reports from police informers, who claimed Congress planned the indiscriminate killing of Europeans and Asians, and of its African opponents, the so-called "murder plot".


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Background
There is no evidence that a murder plot existed, but the refusal of Banda or other Congress leaders to condemn the violent actions of Congress members gave it some plausibility. Armitage prepared for mass arrests and, on 20 February, troops from Rhodesia were flown into Nyasaland. In the days following 20 February, both Chipembere and Yatuta Chisiza  made a number of provocative speeches, many followed by disturbances,  and the police or troops fired on some of these, leading to four deaths.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Background
On 3 March 1959 Armitage declared a State of Emergency over the whole of the protectorate and arrested Banda, other members of the Congress executive committee and over a hundred local party officials. The Nyasaland African Congress was banned the next day. Those arrested were detained without trial and the total number detained finally rose to over 1,300. Rather than calming the situation immediately, in the emergency that followed fifty-one Africans were killed and many more were wounded. By the night of 3 March, most principal Congress leaders had been arrested and detained. Some were released very quickly, but 72 prominent detainees, including Banda, were flown to Southern Rhodesia. Others were detained in Nyasaland. In the immediate aftermath of arrest, 21 people were killed and many wounded.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
Within two days of the declaration of the state of emergency, the British cabinet under Harold Macmillan decided to set up a Commission of Inquiry into the disturbances. Macmillan did not choose its chairman, Devlin, and later criticised his appointment on the basis of his Irish ancestry and Catholic upbringing. Macmillan not only broadly rejected the Devlin Report, which had taken several months to prepare, but engineered the production of the rival Armitage Report, which was prepared very quickly so it could be released on the same day as the Devlin Report.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
The Devlin Commission concentrated on three areas: the State of Emergency, the murder plot and African opposition to Federation. It found that the declaration of a State of Emergency was necessary to restore order and prevent a descent into anarchy, but it criticised instances of the illegal use of force by the police and troops. It also found that the Nyasaland government's suppression of criticism and of support for Congress justified calling it a "police state".


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
Its strongest criticism was over the "murder plot", which it said not exist, and the use made of it by both the Nyasaland and British governments in trying to justify the Emergency, which it condemned. It also declared that Banda had no knowledge of the inflammatory talk of some Congress activists about attacking Europeans. Finally, it noted the almost universal rejection of Federation by Nyasaland's African people and suggested the British government should negotiate with African leaders on the country's constitutional future.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
The Nyasaland government had imprisoned Banda, not realising that he was the only African politician they could negotiate with on a credible constitution for the protectorate. At first, the British government tried to calm the situation by nominating additional African members (who were not Congress supporters) to the Legislative Council. However, it soon decided that the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland could not be maintained and that Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia should be given responsible government under majority rule. Devlin's conclusion that there was no murder plot and that Banda was not involved in promoting violence opened the way for the British government to deal with him. Banda was released in April 1960 and invited to London to discuss proposals for responsible government.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
Chipembere, Dunduzu Chisiza and his brother Yatuta were arrested in the State of Emergency and imprisoned with Banda for 13 months in Gwelo in Southern Rhodesia, but Chiume, who was in London, escaped arrest. This did little to bring Banda and the others together: Banda became concerned with Chipembere's volatile temper, and Banda's increasingly authoritarian attitudes alarmed his three fellow prisoners. Chipembere and the Chisiza brothers remained in detention, first in Rhodesia and later in Nyasaland, after Banda was released. Iain Macleod, the Colonial Secretary was at first suspicious of Banda, and regarded the three others as extremists.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
He eventually agreed to Banda's request for their release, but they were among the last to be released in September 1960. This was after Banda had returned from constitutional talks in London, where he had been accompanied by Orton Chirwa, a lawyer and Aleke Banda, a young activist. In May 1960, Chiume returned to Nyasaland and his attempts to ingratiate himself with Banda led to his estrangement from Chipembere and the Chisiza brothers.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
After his release, Chipembere embarked on a series of fiery speeches: the colonial authorities considered these were sufficiently threatening to warrant his arrest, and he was again imprisoned, receiving a three-year sentence  in January 1961. Chiume escaped prosecution for his speeches, as he was considered of lower importance. Chipembere was still in prison in August 1961, when Banda (who had insisted on selecting all his party's candidates) won an overwhelming electoral victory.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The 1959 Emergency, Aftermath
The new Governor, Glyn Smallwood Jones was willing to discuss Chipembere's early release but despite Dunduzu Chisiza's urging, Banda allowed Chipembere to serve much of his sentence until his release in January 1963. In August 1961, Chipembere's father had been elected to the Legislative Council in place of his son, but gave up his seat on Chipembere's release.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Formation
Chirwa and Aleke Banda had only been detained for a short time and in 1959 they had formed the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) to replace the banned Nyasaland African Congress, making it clear that they were acting on behalf of the imprisoned Banda. The reconstitution of Congress as the Malawi Congress Party from September 1959 marked a major shift in its character. The Nyasaland African Congress was an anti-colonial liberation movement but after the 1961 elections, the MCP was in government.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Formation
There was a regional shift in support for the MCP: in both the Southern and Central Provinces, people flocked to join the party but, in the north, branches were formed only in a limited number of places. The MCP quickly emerged as a larger party, distinctly more authoritarian in its approach, than Congress had been. It became a mass party, but Chipembere and the Chisizas were unknown to many of the new members, who regarded Banda as the sole leader.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Formation
In the 1961 elections, MPC won 22 out of the 28 available Legislative Council seats, including all the "lower roll" seats, which had a predominantly African electorate. The largest group of MPC Legislative Council members was formed of eight who had received at least secondary education, mainly former students; five of the six early ministerial appointments fell to this group. They were generally under 35 (only Chirwa was over 40), and a disproportionate number of these came from the Northern Region, because several mission schools there taught to a high standard.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Formation
The next group was of local MCP bosses who were generally a decade older than the first group. They were generally less well educated but had stronger local ties, and after the 1964 crisis, several of them replaced the former ministers of the first group. At first, MPC backbench members raised questions on sensitive issues and questioned ministers with relative freedom, but by late 1962, this had ceased and only the few non-MCP Legislative Council members were able to offer any criticism. Banda started to intervene in the speeches of ministers and to cut short debates, arguing that he alone made policy.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Formation
Before the elections, the Colonial Office had assumed that MPC would be entitled to three Executive Council seats through winning a majority of the "lower roll" seats. As the Lancaster House agreement provided that two Executive Council seats would go to ministers elected by the "upper roll" of largely European and Asian electors, it was thought that the mainly white United Federal Party would gain both these seats: with five officials also sitting, there would be a non-MCP majority on the Executive Council.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Formation
In the event, the United Federal Party only won five Legislative Council seats, two going to MPC and one to an MCP-inclined independent, Colin Cameron. The Governor offered the United Federal Party a single Executive Council seat, which it refused. This left all five elected seats for MCP candidates. In theory, Jones, the Governor, was entitled to allocate portfolios, but he allowed Banda to make nominations. Banda decided to take two for himself, becoming both Minister of Natural Resources and Minister of Local Government. Chiume became Minister of Education and Augustine Bwanausi became Minister of Labour.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Formation
The two upper roll ministers were Colin Cameron (Minister of Works) and Mikeka Mkandawire as Minister without Portfolio. Two MCP parliamentary secretaries were also appointed, but did not sit in the Executive Council. These were Dunduzu Chisiza in the Ministry of Finance and Orton Chirwa in the Ministry of Justice. Two additional appointments were made in March 1962, of John Msonthi and Willie Chokani, and Chirwa became the Minister of Justice and Attorney-general at the start of 1964.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, In government
When Banda and four other MCP ministers joined five officials on the Executive Council, they formed a Responsible government accountable to the Governor. A timetable for full self-government independence was agreed at a constitutional conference in London in 1962 and the Jones allowed Banda and the MPC ministers and parliamentary secretaries, now seven in total, to initiate policies. Nyasaland achieved internal self-government with Banda as Prime Minister in February 1963. Full independence was gained (and the country's name became Malawi) on 6 July 1964, with Banda as Prime Minister. Malawi became a republic within the Commonwealth, on 6 July 1966, when Banda became its first President.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, In government
In February 1963, Banda, as Prime Minister, was able to select a cabinet of 10 members to replace the Executive Council. This included the temporary appointment of Henry Phillips the former Financial Secretary as Minister of Finance, the post Dunduzu Chisiza would have taken but for his death in 1962. Other official members left office. Chipembere joined the cabinet as Minister of Local Government, and Chiume added Social Development to his Education post.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, In government
There were some changes of portfolios: Willie Chokani took over as Minister of Labour, replacing Augustine Bwanausi, who became Minister of the Interior, and John Tembo was made a parliamentary secretary, with the intention of his replacing Phillips, who retired in early 1964. The Governor suggested that Bwanausi had more experience and would be a better choice as Minister of Finance, but Banda was insistent on Tembo. Msonthi and Cameron retained their existing posts and Mkandawire left the cabinet by his own choice. At this time, Aleke Banda, a close aide to Banda, was made MCP secretary-general.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, In government
Generally, the MCP ministers were very active in their new roles and, although there was some friction with permanent officials, they were effective  Banda, as Minister of Natural Resources (which included farming), introduced three crucial reforms, the abolition of punitive element of conservation practices (although not the conservation measures themselves), the final abolition of thangata through the Africans on Private Estates Act in 1962, and the reform of the marketing of peasant crops.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, In government
Chiume, the Minister of Education, promoted the expansion of secondary education, the creation of a teacher training college and a polytechnic and sending Malawian students to overseas universities, pending the creation of a university in Malawi. The last led to accusations of favouring fellow-northerners when granting scholarships. Chiume, an abrasive personality, more controversially attacked the hold of the missions on education and insisted on bringing them under greater state control.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Banda's leadership
Soon after the Lancaster House constitutional conference in 1962, Banda made it clear in the Legislative Council that he alone was responsible for making policy, which the ministers were to execute without debate or dissent. No criticism of Banda was permitted, but Banda allowed ministers to criticise each other and did not counter claims that the significant number of ministers from the north were favouring fellow northerners. Chiume in particular was involved in disputes with Cameron, the Minister of Works and Dunduzu Chisiza the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Finance. In August 1962, both Cameron and Chisiza offered their resignations to the Governor but were persuaded to remain in post; Chisiza died shortly afterwards. Banda was accused of building-up an entourage based on his own Chewa group, but before the 1963 election, he held the balance between competing MCP factions.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Banda's leadership
Dunduzu Chisiza had died in September 1962, apparently in a car crash, although many people in Malawi continue to believe he was murdered on Banda's instructions. Although the balance of probabilities is that Chisiza's death was accidental, it is clear that before his death, he saw the possibility of a dictatorship as a major threat. His preference was for a strong central government uniting all sectional interests and allowing dissenting views to be expressed.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Malawi Congress Party, Banda's leadership
In a pamphlet written shortly before his death, he argued that, whereas it was necessary for the strong leadership of one individual and acceptance of his decisions during an independence struggle, once independence had been achieved, the former subordinates should cease to be submissive. He considered that a leader surrounded only by willing subordinates would soon become dictatorial; a prescient claim in view of Banda's later actions. Chisiza agreed with Banda on many issues, however on others he dissented more, and more publicly, than any other minister.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Independence
Until Banda was sworn in as Prime Minister on 1 February 1963, the Governor retained the ultimate responsibility for law and order. Immediately after this, despite some attacks by MCP militants on Jehovah's Witnesses and members of opposition parties, the situation was generally calm until the pre-independence election campaign began in late 1963. By January 1964, almost every opposition leader had fled the country and over 1,800 attacks on political opponents of the MPC and Jehovah's Witnesses were recorded in January and February 1964. This violence was orchestrated by local MCP bosses, but Banda did little to stop it,


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Independence
In July 1963, Banda took over Msonthi's portfolio of Transport and Communication and removed him from the cabinet without giving any reason, although Chipembere later stated it was probable that Msonthi was suspected of corruption, and others mentioned his drinking. At the time, other ministers suspected that Banda had removed Msonthi to test their reaction to an arbitrary sacking. Banda also claimed in cabinet that he had considered dismissing other (unnamed) ministers, and the whole affair increased ministerial insecurity. Msonthi was reappointed to the cabinet in August 1963, and soon after the three MCP regional chairmen were given ministerial status, diluting the influence of existing ministers.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Independence
Differences between Banda and the ministers arose for several reasons. Firstly, Banda insisted on making all the important decisions relating to the state and the MCP, including nominating all the candidates for election, and he refused to devolve real responsibility to them. Within the MCP, Banda set up a new committee to strengthen and centralise party discipline, reducing local control. He also became life president of the MCP in February 1963. After the 1963 election, Banda began to make slighting references to the ministers in speeches.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Independence
Earlier, his criticism had been in private, but on 27 October 1963, he berated them in a long public speech. More privately, he accused Chipembere, Chiume and Bwanausi of forming a cabal against him. In November 1963, he took over Chiume's ministerial responsibilities for Education and Social Development without removing him from the cabinet, where he was given responsibility for the transition to independence. Chipembere then became Minister of Education. Banda later claimed this was done to drive a wedge between Chipembere and Chiume.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Independence
In a further cabinet reshuffle, Yatutza Chisiza took on Home Affairs and Bwanausi moved to Development and Transport. Banda himself retained the Trade and Industry, Health, Natural Resources and Social Development portfolios as well as being Prime Minister. His holding so many posts and devolving the day-to-day work to parliamentary secretaries was criticised, as was the frequency with which he shifted ministers around. Banda's appointment of his followers to statutory bodies also appeared to diminish the power and influence of existing ministers.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, Independence
Secondly, Banda continued diplomatic relations with South Africa and Portugal, but refused to recognise the People's Republic of China or East Germany, despite most ministers' ideological concerns, and contemptuously rejected attempts by Chiume and Yatuta Chisiza to form closer ties with Zambia and Tanganyika. Thirdly, the slow pace of Africanization in the Civil Service, the freezing of Civil Service salaries and the introduction of a charge for outpatients at state hospitals were not seen as passing the benefits of independence to the people.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, Initial disagreements
Since the Cabinet Crisis of 1964, there has been disagreement on the extent to which rivalries within the MCP in the early 1960s reflected generational and ideological tensions between Dr Banda and his younger ministers or regional divisions.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, Initial disagreements
Following the release of the Chisiza brothers and Chipembere in October 1960, the influence of northerners appeared to grow, reaching a peak in September 1961 when Yatuta Chisiza was appointed the party's Administrative Secretary alongside his brother, Dunduzu, the Secretary General; Chiume was Publicity Secretary; Orton Chirwa was Legal Adviser; and Rose Chibambo, the only woman on the party's National Executive, was Chairman of the Woman's League. This apparent northern dominance, masked divisions and politicians born in the north pursued various personal and ideological agendas and did not act as a regional bloc.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, Initial disagreements
After the Lancaster House conference made it clear that independence would be achieved, MCP became a more divided party. The focus moved away from achieving independence towards the allocation of resources between ministries and regions. Resentment of the hold that better-educated northerners had on scarce jobs was used by Banda to assert his authority by playing ministers off against one another, but there is no evidence of him adopting a pro-Chewa, anti-northern stance before the 1964 crisis.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, Initial disagreements
None of the ministers who resigning in 1964 drew attention to regional distinctions, but Banda's allies from the Central Region accused northern politician in general and Chiume in particular of favouritism, and voiced Chewa resentment against senior civil servants from the north, many of whom had demonstrated in favour of the former ministers. Rose Chibambo came in for particularly violent abuse, probably because of anti-female as well as anti-northern prejudice.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, Initial disagreements
Colin Cameron, the only European minister remaining at independence on 6 July 1964, stated that, at that time, all the African ministers apart from Chiume had decided to press for rapid Africanization and links with other African states, and to end Banda's dictatorial behaviour. On his return from a visit to Cairo on 26 July, Banda made a public speech threatening ministers; this had the perverse effect of uniting them all, including Chiume. Banda's proposal to reintroduce detention without trial at the cabinet meeting of 29 July 1964 united all the ministers against him, but only Colin Cameron resigned.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, Initial disagreements
Chipembere later explained that the other ministers did not resign as detention was a popular issue they could not oppose, but they hoped it would be used sparingly. On 10 August, the ministers attending (Tembo was not present, and Chiume was probably also absent) asked Banda to stop making slighting references to them in speeches and not to hold so many government portfolios himself. Chipembere later recorded that Banda gave them a hearing, but was concerned that they were "ganging up" against him, and was reluctant to meet them as a group. However, Banda appeared to accept their concerns and apologised about the hurtful remarks he had made about them.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The ministers complain
At the cabinet meeting of 26 August 1964, all the ministers present (including to some degree John Tembo) raised their concerns about Banda's failure to Africanise, his relations with Portugal and South Africa and their own ambiguous position. The ministers present presented Banda with a list of grievances: he made no immediate answer, neither accepting or rejecting what the list contained. Banda was apparently surprised by the strength of the opposition at this cabinet meeting, even though his recent relations with Chipembere and Yatutu Chisiza had been difficult.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The ministers complain
A number of ministers led by Chisiza apparently wished to convert Banda's role from that of Prime Minister, with an expected progression to become executive President, to be in the future a President without executive functions, with an appointed Prime Minister as head of government. Chiume had been a prominent supporter of Banda and, since 1959, had not been close to the more radical group. However, once Banda had strongly rejected his plan to accept aid from China, Chiume began to attack him, and precipitated the confrontation of 26 August 1964.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The ministers complain
The ministers thought that their united stand had been successful. They did not know that Banda had already decided not to agree to their demands, but wanted to test how strong his support was by consulting MCP leaders before taking action. He also had Special Branch reports on the ministers, to assess their likely reaction to the dismissal of some of their colleagues. On 31 August, Banda told his expatriate cabinet secretary that he intended to have no further discussions with the ministers.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The ministers complain
He intended to resign as Prime Minister, but only because it would automatically end the tenure of the other ministers: on reappointment he would form a new cabinet without Chipembere, Chiume and Chisiza, but with the addition of four new ministers loyal to him. On 1 September, he advised the Governor-general of his intention not to reappoint Chiume or Chisiza: he said Chipembere and Msonthi might also be dropped.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The ministers complain
At a further meeting with the ministers, excluding Chipembere who was in Canada, on 2 September 1964, Banda made no concessions to the ministers, and the meeting ended in chaos, with Banda ordering them out of the cabinet room. The ministers then met and proposed that Banda should be forced to resign, with Chirwa becoming Prime minister and Chipembere left out of the cabinet. After the abortive cabinet meeting, Banda contacted the Governor-general, who advised him to seek a vote of confidence in parliament rather than resign. His success there in the Malawi parliament in 1964 was a foregone conclusion, as it had no opposition party members and as all the MCP members were personally nominated by Banda.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
On 7 September at an informal meeting, Banda appealed to Members of Parliament to support him in a vote of confidence to be held after a debate on 8 and 9 September. Also on 7 September, Banda called upon Glyn Jones, as Governor-general to issue dismissal letters to Chirwa, Chiume, and Bwanausi, who all accepted their dismissals with dignity. Rose Chibambo, a parliamentary secretary, was also dismissed. The other cabinet members, except for John Tembo, showed solidarity with their colleagues. On the same day, Yatuta Chisiza, Chokani and, after some hesitation, Msonthi handed their resignations to the Governor-general.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
Chokani later claimed that Jones urged him not to resign and, after taking advice, Msonthi withdrew his resignation a few hours later: Banda immediately accepted this. Jones then suggested a meeting between the other resigning ministers and Banda, but Chisiza and Chokani declined. It is not clear whether, having dismissed Chiume, Chirwa and Bwanausi, Banda expected Chipembere and Yatutu Chisiza to continue in office, but they resigned. None of the ministers who were dismissed or who had resigned made any significant effort to mobilise support from other Members of Parliament, most of whom owed their nominations to Banda, although they had significant support from African civil servants.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
Tembo and Msonthi, the only two cabinet ministers left, opened the debate by proposing the motion of confidence, but Banda's lengthy speech dominated it. In this, he claimed that the ministers had conspired against him, because he had preventing them abusing their positions and because they were being controlled by China's ambassador in Dar es Salaam. In response, only Chiume set out any detailed criticism of Banda, the others concentrated on stating their continued loyalty to him, despite being denounced as traitors. Chipembere returned from Canada on 8 September.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
Banda had written to him, asking him to remain in the cabinet, but this was before the debate, when Banda was uncertain of what support he had. Chipembere wished to effect a reconciliation between Banda and the ministers, and approached the Governor-General, asking him to request Banda to postpone the debate. However, as the first day of the debate had gone in Banda's favour, he decided against reconciliation and refused a postponement. Chipembere therefore resigned on the morning of 9 September and attended parliament as a back-bencher, sitting with the other ex-ministers. Chipembere's speech deplored the breakdown of party unity and that the ex-ministers had been reviled as traitors. He expressed his general support for their grievances, and although he expressed loyalty to Banda, he pointedly argued that cabinet responsibility should be collective and that there should be consultation on important issues.


1964 Malawi cabinet crisis, The Cabinet Crisis, The confidence vote
The end of the debate was something of an anti-climax, with Banda proclaiming that, "This is not a cabinet crisis at all ...". However, as all members of parliament were required to speak, they had to declare for or against the motion of confidence. Few spoke in favour of the ex-ministers, even their family members. After the debate, Jones suggested that Banda should meet the ex-ministers.