1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system
Under such electoral system, LDP with its massive political donation put other opposition parties into disadvantage. Due to LDP's ties with big companies, the party directed the financial resources to individual candidates and enabled them to promise patronage to their voters, with a focus on the agricultural population, while the reallocation of Diet seats did not keep up with the migration from rural to urban area due to industrialization. Aside from the pork-barrel spending, the LDP candidates also cultivated personalism through Koenkai in their own constituency. Politicians went to the locals' wedding, funeral, birthday parties and so on. In such occasions, politicians often brought considerable amount of cash gift. Candidates would even organize activities such as hot springs for their supporters.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system
On the account of its self-assertiveness, LDP unilaterally altered the rules for campaigning. Profiting off its constituted koenkai canvas, the competition rules were toughened for the Opposition. The formal campaign periods were short (and shortened further over time), television and radio advertising being prohibited and low limits placed on posters and handbills. Through the campaign, however, each candidate was granted two five-minute slots on television when a stream of candidates would line up and take turns in front of a stationary microphone to run through their list of promises right after which the next candidate would take other. Such rules of play were discouraging and difficult for a would-be challenger while LDP benefitted from the unfair restraints of participation by the sheer amount of runners.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system
Another neglected flaw of the electoral system which bolstered LDP's dominance was the urgent need for redistricting in the wake of the post-war rapid population shifts from the rural to urban areas. The swelling urban populations were much trickier for LDP politicians to fit within the distributed koenkai grassroot structure as they were more peripatetic and atomized than the traditional rural household. These voters had new policy demands (ex. issues related to environmental deterioration in the 1960s) which conflicted with the ones practiced by LDP for their industry and big-business support. Under the obsolete district constituencies, the farmers retained disproportionate political influence which as a consequence of pork-barrel desires rather than by concern over issues of broad social policy, stagnated democratic alternation.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system
Under the current electoral rules, LDP was motivated to develop loyal personal support for the farmer's voter group. Being a nationally organized group of voters and united around the single issue of agricultural protectionism, the party could tune higher import tariffs and subsidies to support the less productive small businesses which because of their large numbers, could turn out at elections and vote in predictable ways.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking
Since the institution of the 1955 system, the legislative independence has been declining in the face of a growth in the combined legislative power of the bureaucracy and the ruling conservative party. Indicators that point to this are the success rates of governmental and individual member bills; the declining rate of amendments added; and the singular lack of success for opposition-sponsored bills. For example, the mere submission of non-governmentally sponsored measures is extremely difficult. In the Lower House, at least 20 representatives must support a "member" bill before it can be introduced, while in the Upper House ten supporters are required. Moreover, should the bill require the expenditure of state funds, fifty and twenty supporters respectively are necessary.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking
The chance for success of bureaucratic bills that was only 1.3 times greater than that for individual Diet-generated bills under the Occupation and about twice as great from 1952 to 1955, it augmented to 7 times greater by 1974, when approximately 90% of all successful legislation has been cabinet-sponsored. In addition, the Diet has not been notably active as a potential amender for which there are two devices open: it can either "amend" (shusei), or it can "add supplementary resolution of clarification" (futai ketsugi).


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking
From 1955 to 1960 just over one-third of all successful government legislation went through one or another of these processes. In the 48th Diet (1964-1965) this rate was 17% and in the 63rd Diet (1970) it was 15%. Finally, opposition bills had no chance of success: of 317 opposition bills introduced from the 37th (1960) through the 46th (1963-1964) Diets, not one became law. These numbers attest that by the time bills materialize in the Diet a general agreement has already been reached, both within and between the bureaucracy and the LDP. In such an environment, opposition and the generation of successful alternatives from within the Diet itself has become extremely difficult.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking
Besides, the bureaucracy wields considerable and increasing power through the use of non-legislative devices such a subordinances and communications, and through its varying degrees of dominance over technical and nonpartisan advisory groups.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making
The Policy Affairs Research Council (政務調査会, seimu chōsakai) or "PARC" was the major policymaking body within the LDP. Its members were the LDP representatives in both legislative houses, and it was the basic forum in which the party discussed and negotiated government policy. The policymaking under this system did not comply with the usual model of a parliamentary cabinet government which involves strong cabinet leadership and coordination. Instead, representatives who were not in the cabinet were often the other pivot of policy through their formal roles PARC. In consultation with bureaucrats and interest groups, the council already had input into policy before the cabinet and prime minister or upper party executives could shape it further. At its height in the mid-1980s, PARC had as many as seventeen divisions.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making, Industrial policy
Japan's industrial policy under the 1955 system was undergirded by a political logic that supports firms and whole industries that would not have been sustainable in a less-regulated economy, imposed high prices and taxes, limited choice in the marketplace, and rigid career paths. In spite of the fact that Japan came out of war with a theoretical comparative advantage towards light manufacturing which would match its profile of low-capital, abundant-labor economy, the war skewed its economic profile toward heavy industries. The large war companies lobbied for a development strategy favoring heavy industry and received subsidies and regulatory favoritism. In exchange, LDP members were awarded with campaign contributions to be able to stay electorally competitive against each other in the multi-member districts.


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making, Industrial policy
The Heavy Industries Bureau of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry assisted the heavy industries with policies such as:


1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making, Industrial policy
Such strategy of developmental policy which has strong state involvement in developmental orientation is typical of late industrialing countries and in terms of international political economy, follows the model of the developmental state. Explicit implication implies a degree of corruption, which during Kakuei Tanaka's office in 1971-1972 resulted in media noticing corruption which, in one instance, resulted in the Lockheed scandal.


1955 System, Brief fall of the system, Global pressure and the collapse of bubble economy
As a corollary of the Plaza Accord of 1985 when Japan agreed to allow substantial appreciation of the yen, the Japanese government reduced the interests marginally above the rate of inflation as a domestic relief strategy. This resulted in banks and corporations going on an enormous spending spree with nearly free money, bidding up the price of real estate and other assets.


1955 System, Brief fall of the system, Global pressure and the collapse of bubble economy
Against the faith of many people that Japan would come to dominate the world economy, the Japanese asset price bubble led to a bubble crash after the raising of interest rates of the Bank of Japan in 1990 and firms together with their jobs were in mortal danger. In this context and on the background of LDP's short-term relieved pressure from the already shaky electoral coalition between exporters and the non-traded sectors, the voting public expressed disenchantment toward the ruling LDP. The LDP lost its majority following the 1993 election. JSP joined the government with other seven opposition parties with exclude the JCP. But the coalition government only existed for 11 months. In June 1994, JSP formed a grand coalition with LDP.


1955 System, Brief fall of the system, After 1993
The new electoral system following the 1994 Electoral reform which was claimed to reduce corruption and high elections costs, promote more policy debates, and encourage a two-party system. As a consequence of this reform as well as the change of voter behavior and the change of the international environment, the system collapsed completely following the 2005 and 2009 general elections which demonstrated significant shifts in both the foundations of party support and the importance of national swings in support for one party or another. Since 2005, urban-rural differences in the foundations of the leading parties have changed dramatically, and Japan has moved from a system dominated by locally based, individual candidacies toward a two-party system in which both party popularity and personal characteristics influence electoral success or failure.


1955 System, Brief fall of the system, After 1993
The specialist on theoretical knowledge of legislative institutions and electoral systems, Michael Thies, argues that majoritarian institutions of the Anglo-American variety would have pushed politics toward broader coalitions, reducing the premiums captured by organized groups with extreme preferences, and appealing more to the interests of unorganized, diverse voters. A study on the representation of unorganized groups under proportional representation (featuring multi-member voting-districts) concludes that closed-list proportional representation makes legislators generally more responsive to interest groups and less responsive to unorganized voters than single-member districts. An even representation would have given labor a persistent and politically potent voice of the kind seen in continental Europe.


1955 São Paulo FC season
The 1955 football season was São Paulo's 26th season since club's existence.


1955 TANFL season
The 1955 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 9 April and 17 September 1955.


1955 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Reserves Grand Final
Note: This match was played one week after the senior Grand Final due to a drawn Preliminary Final.


1955 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final
Note: South East affiliated to Sandy Bay, North West affiliated to North Hobart.


1955 TANFL season, 1955 TANFL Ladder, Round 1
(Saturday, 9 April, Monday, 11 April & Saturday 16 April 1955)


1955 TANFL season, 1955 TANFL Ladder, Round 13
Note: Round postponed on 30 July due to inclement weather conditions.


1955 TANFL season, 1955 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final
Source: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.


1955 TCU Horned Frogs football team
The 1955 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1955 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 9–2 overall and 5–1 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his third year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to Ole Miss by a score of 13–14.


1955 Tampa Spartans football team
The 1955 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1955 college football season. It was the Spartans' 19th season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of seven wins and two losses (7–2).


1955 Tangerine Bowl
The 1955 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1954 season, on January 1, 1955, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Omaha Indians (today's Omaha Mavericks, who no longer have a football team) defeated the Eastern Kentucky Maroons (now the Eastern Kentucky Colonels) by a score of 7–6.


1955 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary
Omaha scored on a 30-yard pass play in the first quarter, with Bill Englehardt both throwing the touchdown pass and then kicking the extra point. Eastern Kentucky answered with a touchdown in the second quarter, but the extra point was missed, leaving the score 7–6 at halftime. After a scoreless second half, the missed extra point proved to be the difference in the game. Englehardt was named the game's MVP.


1955 Targa Florio
The 39a Targa Florio took place on 16 October, around the Circuito delle Madonie Piccolo, (Sicily, Italy). It was also the sixth and final round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. The title lay between Ferrari, Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz, with Ferrari leading 19 points to 16 from the other two marques.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Entry
A grand total of 65 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 64 arrived for practice and qualifying. Scuderia Ferrari entered a pair of Ferrari 750 Monzas for Carroll Shelby and Gino Munaron, and Umberto Maglioli and Sergio Sighinolfi, alongside a 860 Monza for the partnership of Eugenio Castellotti and Robert Manzon. One of their closest championship rivals, Jaguar, did not enter not all, leaving it to just one locally entered Jaguar XK120 to take up to the fight. Meanwhile, Officine Alfieri Maserati sent a total of six works cars across the Strait of Messina to keep their very slim championship hopes alive. Amongst their line-up was Luigi Musso, Giorgio Scarlatti and Franco Bordoni.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Entry
The third marque chasing the title, Daimler-Benz AG entered three of their Mercedes-Benz 300SLRs to tackle the 44.64 mile circuit. They had decided to quit racing at the end of the 1955 season, but one last major attempt was made to wrest the World Sports Car Championship away from Ferrari. The cars were to be driven by Juan Manuel Fangio and Karl Kling, Stirling Moss and Peter Collins, and John Fitch with former Jaguar driver, Desmond Titterington.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race
The race was held over 13 laps of the 44.64 miles of the Circuito delle Madonie Piccolo, giving a distance of 581.604 miles. Each team of drivers was expected to navigate approximately 10,000 curves during almost 10 hours of driving combined. The Daimler team manager, Alfred Neubauer was planning on each driver being able to run four lap stints.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race
The first car, an Alfa Romeo 1900 TI started off at 07:00, with subsequent cars departing every 30 seconds. The first of the main competitors, the Ferrari 750 Monza driven by Luigi Piotti and Franco Cornacchia would leave at 07:24:30. Very quickly, Moss set a blistering pace and broke the track record by two and a half minutes. Although his Mercedes was one of the last to be flagged off, he had passed everyone by the end of lap one.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race
Castellotti's Ferrari split the Mercedes of Moss and Fangio. At the end of the fourth lap Castellotti was in first place and Moss was in a ditch. Moss had crashed but the Mercedes was still in working order if slightly bruised. After help from some spectators Moss was back on the road but now in fourth place. Collins exchanged places with Moss and took up the chase. Fangio passed the leading Ferrari and handed his car to Kling. Mercedes were now in first, third and fourth.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race
The Mercedes of Moss and Collins would certainly have its fair share of obvious moments, scattered all around the car’s body. Still, it was going very fast. The area around the headlights were badly damaged, front corners on both sides were stripped away. And the right side panel looked as though they had had a number of encounters with buildings as the two Englishmen pushed the 300SLR hard through the Sicilian countryside.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race
On one occasion, Moss pushed at a bit too hard and would go careening off the side of the track. The car avoided heavy damage, and with the help of some local spectators, Moss would rejoin the race, still leading. Trouble struck again when Collins drove straight up a stone wall, his front wheels spinning in the air. Fortunately he was able to put his car in reverse and rejoined the battle. Collins worked his way up to first before returning the car to Moss.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race
Moss drove the only way that he knew how and won going away or in the words of Peter Collins "despite Stirling's efforts and my own to write the machine off!" Mercedes won the race and with it the sports car championship only to quit racing for the second time.


1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race
As a result, car number 104 (Daimler-Benz AG), took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 9hrs 43.14 mins., averaging a speed of 59.832 mph. Second place went to Fangio and Kling, for the second race in a row, 4mins and 41 seconds adrift. The podium was complete by the Ferrari 857 S of Castellotti and Manzon, a further 5mins 25 behind. Meanwhile, the third Mercedes of Titterington and Fitch were fourth. Next home was the first of the Maserati’s, in hand of Carlos Manzini and Francesco Giardini.


1955 Targa Florio, Standings after the race
Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.


1955 Tasmanian state election
The 1955 Tasmanian state election was held on 19 February 1955  in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system — six members were elected from each of five electorates.


1955 Tasmanian state election
The incumbent Labor government, led by Robert Cosgrove, had been in office continuously since 1934, although had not held a majority since 1946. It was looking to win another term in minority government against the opposition Liberal Party, on this occasion led by Rex Townley.


1955 Tasmanian state election
The election resulted in a parliamentary deadlock, with both the Labor and Liberal parties winning 15 seats in the 30 seat assembly.


1955 Tasmanian state election
The 1955 election also saw the first women elected to the House of Assembly: Mabel Miller for Franklin and Amelia Best for Wilmot, both members of the Liberal Party.


1955 Tasmanian state election, Results
Tasmanian state election, 19 February 1955House of Assembly << 1950–1956 >>


1955 Taça de Portugal Final
The 1955 Taça de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1954–55 Taça de Portugal, the 15th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 12 June 1955 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Sporting CP. Benfica defeated Sporting CP 2–1 to claim their eighth Taça de Portugal.


1955 Team Speedway Polish Championship
1955 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the eighth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.


1955 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules
In First and Second League, matches were played with part two teams, with it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of six drivers plus two reserves. The score of heat: 3–2–1–0. Mecz consisted with 9 heats. For winning a game a team received 2 points, draw – 1 point, loss – 0 points. The drivers from main squad started in the match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.


1955 Temple Owls football team
The 1955 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Josh Cody, the team compiled a 0–8 record. Cody was Temple's athletic director (1952–1959) and basketball coach (1942–1952); he stepped in as head football coach for the 1955 season following the departure of the prior head coach, Albert Kawal. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.


1955 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team
The 1955 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Howard C. Gentry, the Tigers compiled a 7–2 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 245 to 84. Tennessee A&I was ranked No. 4 in the Pittsburgh Courier final rankings of black college football teams.


1955 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1955 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1955 college football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his first year, and played their home games at Shields–Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of six wins, three losses and one tie (6–3–1 overall, 3–2–1 in the SEC).


1955 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1955 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Bear Bryant in his second season and finished with a record of seven wins, two losses and one tie (7–2–1 overall, 4–1–1 in the SWC).


1955 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1955 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1955 college football season.


1955 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 1955 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1955 college football season.


1955 Texas Western Miners football team
The 1955 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled a 6–2–2 record (3–2–1 against Border Conference opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 227 to 114.


1955 The Citadel Bulldogs football team
The 1955 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1955 college football season. John Sauer served as head coach for the first season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.


1955 Thomas Cup
The Thomas Cup competition is an international team tournament for supremacy in men's badminton (its female counterpart is the Uber Cup). Beginning in 1948-1949, it was held every three years until 1982 and has been held every two years thereafter. Twenty-one national teams officially entered the third Thomas Cup series in 1954-1955 but two of these, Belgium and Burma, defaulted their opening ties (team matches). Four qualifying zones were established: Asia, Australasia, Europe and Pan America.


1955 Thomas Cup
Winners from each zone played-off in Singapore in late May and early June for the right to play Malaya which, as defending champion, was exempt until it met a challenger in a conclusive challenge round tie. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's general article on the Thomas Cup.


1955 Thomas Cup, Intra-zone summary
As it had in the 1951-1952 series, India won the Asian zone, its toughest competition coming in its opening contest against an improving Thailand 6–3 . In Europe Denmark, now boasting nineteen-year-old prodigy Finn Kobbero, beat three opponents with the loss of only one individual match. In the Pan American zone the USA lost 4 of 5 singles matches to Canada but won the tie by sweeping the doubles. In the Australasian zone J. E. Robson's singles victories were not enough to keep his New Zealand team from falling to Australia 2–7.


1955 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs
In the inter-zone playoffs India avenged its 1952 loss to the USA by winning 4 of 5 singles matches and holding its own in doubles to defeat the Americans 6–3. Though Australia played some competitive matches against European power Denmark, it was unable to win any of them  (0–9). Young Kobbero was the star of the inter-zone final between Denmark and India. He won all four of his matches which included a fine three game duel with India's stylish Nandu Natekar, leading Denmark to a 6–3 victory. Thus Denmark emerged as the challenger to Cup-holder Malaya.


1955 Thomas Cup, Challenge round
The competitive swan song of Malaya's venerable Wong Peng Soon was successful though he dropped a game to both Kobbero and Jørn Skaarup. Eddie Choong, with two All-England singles titles already to his name, made his Thomas Cup debut by beating both Kobbero and Skaarup in straight games. Ong Poh Lim was once again stalwart, winning his match at third singles and both of his doubles partnered by veteran Ooi Teik Hock. The Danes could muster only one victory which came in doubles and largely from the efforts of Kobbero's partner Jorgen Hammergaard Hansen whose powerful smash lived up to his name. Winning 8 matches to 1, Malaya thus retained the Cup.


1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.


1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
On 2 October 1955, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 4-10 to 0-06 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their 18th championship title overall and their first title since 1952.


1955 Titleholders Championship
The 1955 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 10–13 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 16th edition of the Titleholders Championship.


1955 Toledo Rockets football team
The 1955 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Forrest England, the Rockets compiled a 3–5–1 record (2–4 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 213 to 77.


1955 Toledo Rockets football team
The team's statistical leaders included Sam Tisci with 404 passing yards, Julius Taormina with 449 rushing yards, and Gene Cook with 230 receiving yards.


1955 Torneo Godó
The 1955 Torneo Godó was the third edition of the Torneo Godó annual tennis tournament played on clay courts in Barcelona, Spain and it took place from May 10–15, 1955.


1955 Torneo Godó, Draw, Earlier rounds, First round
Only three first round matches were played, the rest of the players received a bye into the second round.


1955 Torneo di Viareggio
The 1955 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.


1955 Torneo di Viareggio, Format
The 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie.


1955 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1955 Toronto Argonauts finished in third place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 4–8 record. They appeared in the IRFU Final, but lost to the Montreal Alouettes.


1955 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 5, 1955. Incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips, elected a year earlier, was easily reelected, defeating Controller Roy Belyea and Trotskyist Ross Dowson.


1955 Toronto municipal election
Two referendums were held with the elections. One, which passed, was to extend the municipal term to two years. Previously elections had been held every year. There was also a vote on funding a new Toronto City Hall, which was rejected by voters.


1955 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor
Nathan Phillips was opposed for reelection after his first year in office by Board of Control member Roy Belyea, who had been a staunch opponent of Phillips during the year. Also running was Trotskyist Ross Dowson.


1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites
Two questions appeared on the ballot. The first was on whether municipal terms of office should be extended to two years from one. The second was to authorize the construction of a proposed new city hall to replace the existing city hall, which had been built in 1899. The proposed structure, designed by a partnership of three leading Toronto architectural forms, would have been a  conservative, symmetrical limestone-clad building in the Modernist style facing a landscaped square, and was widely criticized as "drab and boxy".


1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites
Two-year terms would be put in place effective the 1956 Toronto municipal election.


1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites
Source: "Mayoralty and Questions" The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 5


1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites
As a result of the rejection of the proposed structure, city council decided, in 1956, to hold an [international architectural design competition to find a better design. A proposal by Finnish architect Viljo Revell would be accepted. Construction of New City Hall began in 1961, and the building was officially opened in 1966.


1955 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control
There were two vacancies on the Board of Control after Roy Belyea's decision to run for mayor and Controller David Balfour's decision to retire. The most senior two Controllers in terms of votes also sat on Metro Toronto Council.


1955 Toronto municipal election, City council
Two aldermen were elected per Ward. The alderman with the most votes was declared Senior Alderman and sat on both Toronto City Council and Metro Council.


1955 Toronto municipal election, City council
Results are taken from the December 6, 1955 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.


1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs
Etobicoke, East York, Mimico, and Forest Hill elected their councils for two-year terms in 1954 and did not hold elections in 1955.


1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Leaside
Hiscott defeated Councillor Joseph Bannigan to replace retiring mayor Howard Burrell


1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Leaside
Source: "Suburban elections", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 13


1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, North York
McMahon was re-elected, defeating his challenger Deputy Reeve Maurice T. Hook.


1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, North York
Source: "Fred McMahon Is Re-elected N. York Reeve", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 13


1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Scarborough
Source: "Suburban elections", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 13


1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, York
Source: "Few Brave Cold Rain To Vote in 3 Suburbs",  Taylor, Ewart. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]05 Dec 1955: 1


1955 Torquay by-election
The Torquay by-election of 15 December 1955 was held after the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Charles Williams:


1955 Torquay by-election, Electoral history
The seat was safe, having been won by Williams at the 1955 general election with a majority of over 17,000 votes The seat had been Conservative since Williams gained the seat from the Liberals in 1924. At the 1955 general election, the Labour Party had come second, as it had done at every election since 1945.


1955 Tour
The 1955 Tour was the second concert tour by British pop singer-songwriter Mika in support of his second studio album The Boy Who Knew Too Much. The tour spanned across North America and parts of Asia.


1955 Tour
In February 2010 Mika launched another tour, the Imaginarium Tour which started in Belfast, Northern Ireland and took him throughout Europe and back to Asia.


1955 Tour, Background
Mika announced the official name of his tour on 4 October 2009 while in rehearsals for the North American leg. The tour would had an outer space theme.


1955 Tour, Background
The idea behind this tour was that a civilian went into space where something went wrong, so he became lost. When the show started, attendees learned that the civilian-turned-astronaut lost in space was Mika.


1955 Tour, Background
Ian McKellen acted as the narrator shown on film at the beginning of the show.


1955 Tour de France
The 1955 Tour de France was the 42nd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 7 to 30 July. It consisted of 22 stages over 4,495 km (2,793 mi). The race was won by Louison Bobet, the last of his three consecutive wins.


1955 Tour de France, Teams
As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1955 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Eight national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from France, Belgium, Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, and a mixed team consisting of Luxembourgian, Austrian, West German and Australian cyclists. France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into Île-de-France, North-East/Centre, West, South-East and South-West. In total, 120 cyclists started the race. The mixed team included cyclists from West-Germany, which was the first time since the Second World War that German cyclists rode the Tour. The Great Britain team was the first British team in Tour history.


1955 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
Louison Bobet, the winner of the 1953 Tour de France and the 1954 Tour de France, had done an aggressive preparation in the early season before the Tour de France, aiming for his third victory. Bobet was the main favourite, also because he was the world champion.


1955 Tour de France, Route and stages
The 1955 Tour de France started on 7 July, and had two rest days, in Monaco and Ax-les-Thermes. The 1955 Tour saw the introduction of the photo finish. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556 m (8,386 ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 8.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
The first part of the first stage was won by Miguel Poblet, who became the first Spanish cyclist to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification. The second and third stage saw small groups escaping from the peloton. In both stages, Wout Wagtmans and Antonin Rolland, one of Bobet's teammates, were present. Wagtmans became leader of the general classification, with Rolland in second place.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
The first attack that was important for the general classification was in the fourth stage. Rolland was part of a group of nine cyclists that finished seven minutes before the rest. Rolland was the best-placed cyclist of those nine, and took the lead.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
In the seventh stage, Rolland briefly lost that lead, because a group including Wim van Est escaped and gained more than seventeen minutes, which was just enough for Van Est to take over the lead. Van Est was sure to lose it in the next stage, which included high mountains.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
In that eighth stage, Charly Gaul attacked early in the stage. Gaul was more than 23 minutes behind in the general classification, but got over the mountains quickly and won with 13 minutes, which put him in third place.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
In the ninth stage, Gaul tried to do the same again, and got over the first three mountains alone. But because of a crash on the second mountain he lost time, and did not win the stage; instead he even lost a few minutes. During the eleventh stage, French cyclist Jean Malléjac collapsed and remained unconscious for 15 minutes. The Tour doctor who helped recognised that Malléjac's symptoms were identical to an amphetamine overdose, and told the team doctors to be more careful with doping. In that stage, Bobet got away on Mont Ventoux and nobody was able to follow him. He reached the top alone, and from there descended to the finish, 6 minutes ahead of Rolland, who was still the race leader. Bobet jumped to second place in the general classification.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
The next challenge for the general classification were the Pyrénees mountains. In stage 17, Gaul made the pace, and most cyclists could not follow. Bobet could hold on for a long time, but at the finish lost 84 seconds to Gaul. Because Rolland lost more than seven minutes, Bobet took the lead.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
In the eighteenth stage, it was again Gaul who attacked. This time, a small group including Bobet could follow him all the way. Rolland finished two minutes later, but was still in second place in the general classification. The time trial in the 21st stage was won by Jean Brankart, who jumped to second place in the general classification. Rolland lost more than nine minutes, and dropped to the fifth place in the general classification.


1955 Tour de France, Race overview
Bobet remained the leader, and his lead was not challenged in the last stage. Bobet became the first person in the Tour de France to win three Tours in a row.


1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.


1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The points classification was calculated in the same way as in 1954, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the fewest points was the leader of the points classification. In 1955, this was won by Stan Ockers.


1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Points for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1954: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Charly Gaul won this classification.


1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the French team. The British team and the regional South West team finished with only two cyclists, so they were not eligible for the team classification.


1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Gaul won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass a point by his final residence, the "Villa Mia" in Beauvallon, Grimaud, on the French Riviera on stage 10. This prize was won by André Darrigade.


1955 Tour de Hongrie
The 1955 Tour de Hongrie was the 16th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 13 to 17 September 1955. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by Győző Török.


1955 Tour de Romandie
The 1955 Tour de Romandie was the ninth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 5 May to 8 May 1955. The race started and finished in Monthey. The race was won by René Strehler.


1955 Tour de Suisse
The 1955 Tour de Suisse was the 19th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 11 June to 18 June 1955. The race started and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Hugo Koblet.


1955 Tour of Flanders
The 39th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 27 March 1955. French rider Louison Bobet won the race in a three-man sprint with Hugo Koblet and Rik Van Steenbergen. 47 of 203 riders finished.


1955 Tour of Flanders, Race Report
Rik Van Steenbergen was in an early breakaway with 12 riders and was first on the Kluisberg and Kruisberg. In Geraardsbergen, just after the peloton caught the group, Van Steenbergen, Louison Bobet, Bernard Gauthier and Hugo Koblet broke away on the steep Kloosterstraat. Gauthier did most of the work in the four-man group for his team leader Bobet. Van Steenbergen, favourite to win in the sprint, paid his earlier efforts and was beaten by Bobet and Koblet. Louison Bobet, a three-time winner of the Tour de France, secured the first ever victory for a French rider in the Tour of Flanders.


1955 Tour of Flanders, Route
The race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren – totaling 263 km. The course featured four categorized climbs:


1955 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 1955 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1955 college football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their second year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record.


1955 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1955 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1955 college football season. In their first year under head coach Bobby Dobbs, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 2–7–1 record, 1–3 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents, and finished in a tie for last place in the conference.


1955 Twickenham by-election
The Twickenham by-election, 1955 was a parliamentary by-election held on 25 January 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Twickenham in Middlesex.


1955 Twickenham by-election
The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Sir Edward Keeling, had died on 23 November 1954. He had held the seat since the 1935 general election.


1955 Twickenham by-election
The result was a comfortable victory for the Conservative candidate Gresham Cooke, who held the seat until his death shortly before the 1970 general election.


1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1955 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 11 September. It was the 75th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.


1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
Tony Trabert (USA) defeated  Ken Rosewall (AUS) 9–7, 6–3, 6–3


1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Kosei Kamo (JPN) /  Atsushi Miyagi (JPN) defeated  Gerald Moss (USA) /  Bill Quillian (USA) 6–2, 6–3, 3–6, 1–6, 6–4


1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Louise Brough (USA) /  Margaret Osborne duPont (USA) defeated  Shirley Fry (USA) /  Doris Hart (USA) 6–3, 1–6, 6–3


1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles
Doris Hart (USA) /  Vic Seixas (USA) defeated  Shirley Fry (USA) /  Gardnar Mulloy (USA) 7–5, 5–7, 6–2


1955 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Tony Trabert defeated Ken Rosewall 9–7, 6–3, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1955 U.S. National Championships.


1955 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The tournament used two lists of eight players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Tony Trabert is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1955 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Doris Hart defeated unseeded Patricia Ward 6–4, 6–2 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1955 U.S. National Championships.


1955 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Doris Hart is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.


1955 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1955 U.S. Open was the 55th U.S. Open, held June 16–19 at the Lake Course of the Olympic Club in San Francisco, California. In one of the greatest upsets in golf history, Jack Fleck, a municipal course pro from Iowa, prevailed in an 18-hole playoff to win his only major title and denied Ben Hogan a record fifth U.S. Open.


1955 U.S. Open (golf)
Fleck, 32, won two more titles on the PGA Tour and later won the Senior PGA Championship in 1979. He won the U.S. Open with clubs manufactured by Hogan's company.


1955 U.S. Open (golf)
Hogan, 42, never did win his fifth U.S. Open or a tenth major; he won just one more tour event the rest of his career, in 1959. It was his fourth and final playoff in a major championship, all at 18 holes. Hogan won at the U.S. Open in 1950 but lost twice by a stroke at the Masters, to Byron Nelson in 1942 and Sam Snead in 1954. He repeated as runner-up at the U.S. Open in 1956, and had top ten finishes in 1958, 1959, and 1960. (A pre-tournament favorite in 1957, he withdrew due to a back ailment before teeing off.) When the U.S. Open returned to Olympic in 1966, Hogan finished twelfth at age 53 and received a standing ovation at the 72nd green.


1955 U.S. Open (golf)
Byron Nelson came out of semi-retirement to play in his final U.S. Open and finished in 28th place. Arnold Palmer made the cut for the first time at the U.S. Open and finished in 21st. For the first time since 1919, Gene Sarazen did not play in the U.S. Open, ending a streak of 31 consecutive appearances.


1955 U.S. Open (golf)
This was the first U.S. Open at the Lake Course of the Olympic Club; it returned in 1966, 1987, 1998, and 2012.


1955 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round
After Hogan made par on the 72nd hole to post a 287 total, most observers believed that he had already locked up the championship. Gene Sarazen, providing television commentary, congratulated him on the win and the NBC broadcast went off the air after proclaiming Hogan the champion. Fleck, however, was only a stroke behind playing the 14th. A bogey there, however, dropped him to two back. Fleck then made birdie on 15 and pars at 16 and 17, after a 50-foot (15 m) birdie attempt lipped out. Needing a birdie on 18 to tie Hogan, Fleck played his approach from the edge of the rough to 8 feet (2.4 m), then knocked in the putt for a 67 and forced an 18-hole playoff on Sunday.


1955 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Playoff
Despite overwhelming odds against him, Fleck held a two-stroke lead over Hogan at the turn. After a third consecutive birdie at 10, Fleck's lead was three. But after a bogey at 17, the lead had dropped to just a single stroke on the 18th tee. Hogan hooked his drive into the very deep rough and took three strokes to get on the fairway: he made a 25-foot (8 m) putt to save double-bogey, but Fleck's regulation par sealed the upset by three strokes, 69 to 72.


1955 U.S. Women's Open
The 1955 U.S. Women's Open was the tenth U.S. Women's Open, held from June 30 to July 2 at Wichita Country Club in Wichita, Kansas. It was the third conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).


1955 U.S. Women's Open
Fay Crocker led wire-to-wire and won the first of her two major championships, four strokes ahead of runners-up Mary Lena Faulk and Louise Suggs. From Uruguay, Crocker was the first international winner of the U.S. Women's Open. She posted a 72 in the second round on Friday in difficult blustery conditions, with winds of 40 mph (64 km/h), and had an eight shot lead after 36 holes. A 79 (+7) in the wind in the third round on Saturday morning reduced it to a single stroke over Faulk, with Suggs another two strokes back.


1955 U.S. Women's Open
Defending champion Babe Zaharias did not compete due to back surgery; she also missed the 1953 edition due to colon cancer surgery and died in 1956.


1955 U.S. Women's Open
This was the second U.S. Women's Open played in Wichita; the first in 1950 was at Rolling Hills Country Club.


1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team
The 1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1955 college football season. The Highlanders competed as an independent in 1955, which was their first season of intercollegiate football.


1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team
UC Riverside was led by head coach Rod Franz, in his first and only year at the helm. They played home games at Wheelock Field in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season with a record of one win, three losses and one tie (1–3–1). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 68–127 for the season.


1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL
No UC Riverside players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.


1955 UCI Road World Championships
The 1955 UCI Road World Championships took place in Frascati, Italy.


1955 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1955 UCI Road World Championships was the 22nd edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 28 August 1955 in Frascati, Italy. The race was won by Stan Ockers of Belgium.


1955 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1955 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Milan, Italy from 31 August to 5 September 1955. Five events for men were contested, three for professionals and two for amateurs.


1955 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1955 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1955 college football season. In their seventh year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled a 9–2 record (6–0 conference) and finished in first place in the Pacific Coast Conference.


1955 UCLA Bruins football team
The November 12 game against Washington was referenced in the 1989 film, Back to the Future Part II; The older Biff Tannen traveled back in time to give his younger self a sports almanac, and he referenced this game to verify its accuracy.


1955 UEFA European Under-18 Championship
The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1955 Final Tournament was held in Italy. During this edition, only group matches were played and no winner was declared. This was done to prevent an excess of competition. Romania, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia were the five group winners.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 30th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
Spanish Battleship became the greatest greyhound in Irish history by securing a third consecutive Irish Greyhound Derby title. No other greyhound had managed to win more than one Irish Derby previously. Before retiring, he broke the track record at Cork during his Laurels victory and won another McCalmont Cup title. His connections turned down a £15,000 bid from a London syndicate. Rushton Mac defeated the versatile and hot favourite Barrowside in the English Greyhound Derby final.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Barrowside dominated the Grand National at White City, the red fawn dog claimed a five length victory at odds of 1-3 in a track record time of 29.43. The Gold Collar at Catford Stadium was won by Firgrove Slipper, a competition that featured 1953 English Greyhound Derby champion Daws Dancer.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The new Derby champion Rushton Mac won the Welsh Greyhound Derby at Cardiff Arms Park, winning the final by nine lengths, flattering because the race turned into chaos as three runners fell. Derby finalists Gulf of Honduras and Coolkill Chieftain finished second and third respectively. The Scottish Greyhound Derby was cancelled again, denying Rushton Mac the opportunity to win the Triple Crown. He had won the Scottish event in 1954 to hold all three titles at the same time but had not won all three during the same year.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Rushton Mac completed a successful year by defending his Northern Flat and Edinburgh Cup titles. Duet Leader also had a great year winning the Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium, the Pall Mall Stakes, Select Stakes and Grand Prix at Walthamstow Stadium.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Lizette won the Oaks, two years after her first triumph and her half brother Gulf of Darien won the Cesarewitch.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Wandsworth Stadium hurdle grader, Moyshna Queen starred alongside Frankie Howerd in a film called Jumping for Joy. The bitch was called Lindy Lou in the film.


1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
In November the Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) applied for a special licence to allow Spanish Battleship to line up against two of England's leading greyhounds, Duet Leader and Hi There, in a triangular match race. The match saw the GRA put up £120, in addition to the three owners adding 125 guineas; Spanish Battleship (Tim O'Connor), Duet Leader (Mrs Frances Chandler) and Hi There (Jack McAllister). Home Straight stood as reserve. The legendary Irish hound Spanish Battleship travelled to England for the first time with White City as his destination but age and the travelling had caught up with him, because home track advantage proved decisive and he trailed in third. Tom Lynch and Tim O'Connor retired him to stud.


1955 UMass Redmen football team
The 1955 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 4–4 overall and 1–3 in conference play.


1955 USC Trojans baseball team
The 1955 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The Trojans played their home games at Bovard Field. The team was coached by Rod Dedeaux in his 14th year at USC.


1955 USC Trojans baseball team
The Trojans won the California Intercollegiate Baseball Association championship, the Pacific Coast Conference Tournament and the District VIII Playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Colgate Red Raiders.


1955 USC Trojans football team
The 1955 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1955 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Jess Hill, the Trojans compiled a 6–4 record (3–3 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 265 to 158. Attendance at seven home games was 464,104, an average of 66,300. Attendance at all 10 games was 615,196.


1955 USC Trojans football team
Jim Contratto led the team in passing with 22 of 55 passes completed for 406 yards, five touchdowns and five interceptions. Jon Arnett led the team in rushing with 141 carries for 672 yards and 11 touchdowns. Arnett was also the team's leading punt returners with 16 returns and an average of 17.6 yards per return, including one returned for a touchdown. With three touchdown catches, Arnett also led the team with 15 touchdowns and 105 points scored. Leon Clarke was the leading receiver with 15 catches for 215 yards and two touchdowns.


1955 USC Trojans football team
Two Trojans received first-team honors from the Associated Press on the 1955 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: back Jon Arnett and guard Orlando Ferrante. Arnett was also a two-time recipient of the W. J. Voit Memorial Trophy as the outstanding football player on the Pacific Coast, winning the award in both 1954 and 1955. He was inducted into the USC Athletic Hall of Fame in 1994 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2001.


1955 USC Trojans football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1955 USC football team.


1955 USSR Chess Championship
The 1955 Soviet Chess Championship was the 22nd edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 11 February to 15 March 1955 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Efim Geller who defeats Smyslov in a play-off match (4-3). The final were preceded semifinals events at Leningrad, Gorky and Yerevan. It was the worst USSR Chess Championship of Korchnoi's career, despite having fought in each game, all showing the high level of the competition.


1955 Ulster Grand Prix
The 1955 Ulster Grand Prix was the seventh round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 11–13 August 1955 at the Dundrod Circuit.


1955 United Kingdom general election
The 1955 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 26 May 1955, four years after the previous general election in 1951. It was a snap election: After Winston Churchill retired in April 1955, Anthony Eden took over and immediately called the election in order to gain a mandate for his government. It resulted in a majority of 60 seats for the government under new leader and Prime Minister Anthony Eden; the result remains the largest party share of the vote at a post-war general election. This was the first general election to be held with Elizabeth II as monarch, having succeeded her father George VI a year after the previous election.


1955 United Kingdom general election
The 1955 general election remains the most recent occasion that the Conservative Party won the most seats in Scotland, also winning a majority of the popular vote in that country. No party has since won a majority of the votes there, though the Scottish National Party came very close in 2015. This was also the last time the Conservatives did better in Scotland than in the United Kingdom as a whole.


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
The election was fought on new boundaries, with five seats added to the 625 fought in 1951. On election day, the Daily Mirror had printed the front-page headline "Don't Let the Tories Cheat Our Children", urging its readers to elect Labour on the basis that it had "built a better Britain for us all" (Daily Mirror 2012).


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
The BBC later described the election as one of the "dullest" after World War II. The Daily Express wrote that the British people were more interested in Princess Margaret's romance with Peter Townsend. The Labour Party, then in its twentieth year of leadership under Clement Attlee, steadily lost ground owing to infighting between the left-wing (Bevanites) and the right-wing (Gaitskellites), resulting in an unclear election message. It was the fifth and last general election fought by Labour leader Clement Attlee, who by this time was 72 years old.


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
Eden had only become Leader of the Conservative Party a few weeks before the election, after the retirement of former Prime Minister Winston Churchill, but he had long been considered the heir apparent to the Conservative leadership. The Conservatives were hoping to take advantage of the end of food rationing and the positive atmosphere created by the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. Eden himself was telegenic (although not as great a public speaker as Churchill) and gradual economic growth benefited the party greatly.


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
The result showed very little change from 1951, with fewer than 25 seats changing hands and only a small swing from Labour to the Conservatives. The only real highlight of the night was in Northern Ireland, where Sinn Féin won two seats at a UK election for the first time since 1918 (before the partition of Ireland).


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
The Labour Party suffered at this time from deep internal divisions, yet for it this election was not the disaster it could have been.


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
Although little changed, this was a strong victory for the Conservatives, who won the largest share of the vote for a single party at a post-war general election.


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
The Liberal Party had yet another poor performance, only slightly improving their popular vote total from the previous election, and again winning just six seats. Five of their six seats did not have Conservative challengers, as per local-level agreements to avoid vote-splitting which likely would have thrown the seats to Labour; the only Liberal candidate to be victorious against both Conservative and Labour challengers was Orkney and Shetland MP Jo Grimond, who was first elected in 1950. The poor national showing was widely viewed as the death knell for the embattled leadership of Clement Davies, who resigned the following year and was replaced by Grimond.


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
Future Labour leader Michael Foot lost his seat of Plymouth Devonport at this election; he returned for Ebbw Vale at a 1960 by-election.


1955 United Kingdom general election, Results
For the first time, television took a prominent role in the campaign; this is the earliest UK general election of which television coverage survives (the 1950 and 1951 election nights were broadcast on television live, but the footage was not recorded). Only three hours of the coverage, presented by Richard Dimbleby, was kept; this was rebroadcast on BBC Parliament on the fiftieth and sixtieth anniversaries of the date of the election.


1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
The 1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 26 May as part of the wider general election with 12 MPs elected in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post.


1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results
This was the first election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom since the creation of Northern Ireland in 1921 where all constituencies in the region were contested


1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results
The Ulster Unionists regained the seat which they had lost to Jack Beattie from the Irish Labour Party. The nationalist interest was represented by Sinn Féin who gained the two seats previously held by the Nationalist Party. Patricia McLaughlin was the first woman elected as an MP for a Northern Ireland constituency.


1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results
In the election as a whole, the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, led by Sir Anthony Eden as Prime Minister, continued in a majority government.


1955 United Kingdom heat wave
The UK drought of 1955 and associated heatwave were a set of severe weather events that occurred over all parts of the country. The drought was the 7th worst drought in Yorkshire, and worse than the famous 1976 drought and heatwave in the region. The drought followed a period of extremely wet weather previous to the event, limiting the effects. However, the usual impacts were seen with water levels and the water table dropping and reservoirs running low.


1955 United Kingdom local elections
Elections to the municipal and county councils of England, Wales, and Scotland were held in 1955.


1955 United States House of Representatives elections
There were two special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1955 during the 84th United States Congress.


1955 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1955, in three states. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi hold their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year.


1955 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Nacional won the championship.


1955 Utah Redskins football team
The 1955 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1955 college football season.


1955 Utah Redskins football team, After the season, NFL draft
Utah had two players selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.


1955 Utah State Aggies football team
The 1955 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Ev Faunce, the Aggies compiled a 4–6 record (3–4 against Skyline opponents), placed fifth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 177 to 173.


1955 VFA season
The 1955 Victorian Football Association season was the 74th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, after it recorded a come-from-behind nine-point victory against Port Melbourne in the Grand Final on 24 September. It was Williamstown's seventh premiership, its second in a row, and the second of five premierships won in six seasons from 1954 until 1959.


1955 VFA season, Premiership
The home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page–McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.


1955 VFL Grand Final
The 1955 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 17 September 1955. It was the 59th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1955 VFL season. The match, attended by 88,053 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 28 points, marking that club's seventh premiership victory.


1955 VFL Grand Final
A scene from the game is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting The Game That Made Australia, commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport.


1955 VFL season
The 1955 Victorian Football League season was the 59th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.


1955 VFL season, Premiership season
In 1955, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.


1955 VFL season, Premiership season
Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the "home-and-away reverse" of matches 1 to 7.


1955 VFL season, Premiership season
Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1955 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system.


1955 VPI Gobblers football team
The 1955 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1955 college football season.


1955 VPI Gobblers football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1955 football team according to the roster published in the 1956 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.


1955 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1955 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1955 college football season. The team's head coach was Art Guepe, who was in his third year as the Commodores' head coach. Members of the Southeastern Conference, the Commodores played their home games at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1955, Vanderbilt went 8–3 overall with a conference record of 4–3 this was the best SEC record for Vandy until 2012 when they had an SEC record of 5–3. The team was led by Don Orr and Charley Horton.


1955 Venezuelan Primera División season
The 1955 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 5 teams. The national champions were La Salle.


1955 Vermont Catamounts football team
The 1955 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 3–3–1 record.


1955 Victorian Legislative Council election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 18 June 1955 to elect 17 of the 34 members of the state's Legislative Council for six year terms. MLCs were elected in single-member provinces using preferential voting.


1955 Victorian Legislative Council election, Results, Legislative Council
Victorian Legislative Council election, 18 June 1955Legislative Council << 1952–1958 >>


1955 Victorian Legislative Council election, Candidates
Sitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (*) is also used.


1955 Victorian state election
The 1955 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 28 May 1955 to elect 65 (of the 66) members of the state's Legislative Assembly.


1955 Victorian state election
The incumbent Labor Party Government was defeated by the Liberal and Country Party (LCP) led by Henry Bolte with a swing of 14.6%.


1955 Victorian state election, Background
John Cain had led the Labor Party in Victoria since 1937, and had been Premier since defeating John McDonald's Country Party government at the 1952 election, forming the first majority Labor government in Victoria's history.


1955 Victorian state election, Background
The leader of the opposition Liberal and Country Party, Trevor Oldham, had died on 2 May 1953 in a plane crash on his way to attend the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Oldham's deputy, Henry Bolte, succeeded him a few days later.


1955 Victorian state election, Background
The election was triggered by events related to the Australian Labor Party split of 1955, in which followers of B. A. Santamaria's "Movement"—Catholic, anti-Communist, right-aligned members of the Labor Party—were accused by federal leader H. V. Evatt of contributing to his loss of the 1954 federal election to Robert Menzies. The federal executive set about expelling "disloyal" members who supported the Movement.


1955 Victorian state election, Background
In the Victorian parliament, the anti-Communists were known as the Barry–Coleman group after the leaders of the faction: Bill Barry in the Legislative Assembly and Les Coleman in the Legislative Council. In April 1955, Barry and Coleman wrote to Cain requesting a unity conference, but the request was rejected, with Cain telling the group that they could only achieve unity within the ALP, by accepting the authority of the Labor federal conference and executive, and the Victorian central executive.


1955 Victorian state election, Background
On the night of 19 April, Bolte moved a motion of no-confidence against Cain's government in the Legislative Assembly. In the early hours of 20 April, following a twelve-hour debate, eleven anti-Communist Labor members crossed the floor to support Bolte's motion. With his government defeated, Cain sought and received a dissolution of parliament later that day.


1955 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly
Victorian state election, 28 May 1955Legislative Assembly << 1952–1958 >>


1955 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1955 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1955 college football season. The head coach was Frank Reagan, coaching his second season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.


1955 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1955 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1955 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by third-year head coach Ned McDonald and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, their second year in the league, and the league's third year overall. Virginia once again failed to pick up their first ACC win, finishing winless in conference games. At the conclusion of a 1–9 campaign, McDonald resigned as head coach.


1955 Volta a Catalunya
The 1955 Volta a Catalunya was the 35th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 3 September to 11 September 1955. The race started in Sabadell and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by José Gómez del Moral.


1955 Vuelta a España
The 10th Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 25 April to 8 May 1955. It consisted of 15 stages covering a total of 2,740 km (1,700 mi), and was won by Jean Dotto. Fiorenzo Magni won the points classification and Giuseppe Buratti won the mountains classification.


1955 WANFL Grand Final
The 1955 WANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Perth Football Club and the East Fremantle Football Club, on 8 October 1955 at Subiaco Oval, to determine the premier team of the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) for the 1955 season.


1955 WANFL Grand Final
One of the most famous grand finals in WANFL history, Perth came back from a 34-point half-time deficit to win the game by two points, 11.11 (77) to 11.9 (75), to break a 48-year premiership drought to win its second ever premiership. Club and league legend Merv McIntosh was awarded the Simpson Medal as best on ground after a dominant performance in his final match. The game was attended by 41,659 people, at the time a record attendance for any football game in Western Australia.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Background
The period of Western Australian football following the Second World War was dominated by four teams: South Fremantle, East Fremantle, Perth, West Perth – those teams having occupied the top four positions in all but one season between 1947 and 1955. On this occasion, South Fremantle (16–4) was minor premier ahead of East Fremantle (16–4) on percentage; Perth (14–6) was third and West Perth (13–7) was fourth. East Fremantle defeated South Fremantle by 19 points in the second semi-final to qualify for the Grand Final; Perth defeated West Perth by 22 points in the first semi-final, then defeated South Fremantle by 12 points in the preliminary final to qualify.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Background
East Fremantle was historically the most successful club in the competition, having won 21 premierships up to this point, which was ten more than any other club, although it had not won one since 1946. Perth, despite its post-war period of success, remained one of the least successful clubs in the competition, having won only one premiership previously, in 1907; it had finished runner-up on seven occasions, most recently with Grand Final losses against West Perth in 1949 and South Fremantle in 1950.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match
The match was played at Subiaco Oval. A new ground and state record attendance of 41,659 attended the match, exceeding the previous record of 40,000 set at the state's 1937 carnival match against Victoria. Playing conditions were dominated by the Fremantle Doctor, a strong breeze blowing from the western end of the ground, and the team kicking with it was thought to have a four-goal advantage in each quarter. In the seconds Grand Final, played as a curtain-raiser, Perth 9.13 (67) defeated West Perth 5.6 (36).


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match
Perth was captained by Keith Harper and coached by Ern Henfry, who had retired as a player the previous season. East Fremantle had long-time rover Jack Sheedy as their captain, and were coached by George Meiers in his second season.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, First quarter
Perth kicked with the breeze in the first quarter, and attacked strongly and early, but kicked waywardly in front of goal, kicking four behinds in the first ten minutes of the match. Adopting a short-passing game into the wind, East Fremantle worked the ball forward to Ray Howard, who marked and kicked the game's opening goal after 12 minutes to give East Fremantle the lead. This was East Fremantle's only score of the quarter, as Perth continued to take attack with wind and East Fremantle packed its defense.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, First quarter
Perth retook the lead after Reg Zeuner kicked its first goal from a mark and drop kick, and late in the quarter kicked its second after Roy Harper received a free kick in the forward line. At quarter time, Perth 2.7 (19) lead East Fremantle 1.0 (6) by 13 points, having wasted much of the advantage offered it by the wind.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, First quarter
Perth ruckman Merv McIntosh was the dominant player on the ground, giving Perth strong drive from the ruck, with Frank Walker also a strong ball-winner for the Redlegs. Alan Preen was best in the centre for East Fremantle.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Second quarter
Now with the advantage of the breeze, East Fremantle began to dominate the game, despite McIntosh continuing to control the ruck for Perth. Goals came quickly from Frank Coulson, Jim Conway (who kicked three goals for the quarter), Johnson, Sheedy and Con Regan. After a dominant seven goals to no score with the aid of the breeze for the quarter, East Fremantle 8.5 (53) led Perth 2.7 (19) by 34 points at half time.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Third quarter
Now kicking with the breeze, Perth took control of the game. They also made a key positional change, moving vice-captain Bert Wansbrough from centre half back to full forward – Wansbrough was the club's leading goalkicker for the season, but it was nevertheless not uncommon for him to play key positions at both ends of the ground.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Third quarter
Roy Harper won a strong contest early in the quarter to kick Perth's third goal, and East Fremantle centre half-back Bob Hicks came off the ground shortly afterwards, suffering a leg injury from the same contest. From the ensuing centre bounce, Perth drove straight forward to Wansbrough, who marked and kicked the team's fourth goal. Perth continued its attack, but was again wayward in front of goal, Zeuner kicking consecutive behinds, before a third set shot fell just short and was marked in front of the goal line by Wansbrough, who kicked his second goal. Two more goals followed, one to Wansbrough for his third for the quarter, and one to Walker.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Third quarter
After five goals to one behind with the breeze to all but erase its half time deficit, Perth 7.10 (52) trailed East Fremantle 8.6 (54) by only two points at three quarter time. However, with East Fremantle kicking with the wind in the final quarter, and only seven of the game's 106 points having hitherto been kicked against the wind, East Fremantle was still in a dominant position.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter
East Fremantle attacked first, and two early goals to Jack Sheedy – the first from open play and the second from a free kick – saw East Fremantle extend its lead to 15 points. But Perth was able to fight back, and a brilliant individual effort by Frank Walker saw him outpace two opponents to kick Perth's first goal into the wind from a wide angle. Another goal soon after to Wansbrough, his fourth of the second half, narrowed the margin to three points.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter
Perth worked to nullify its wind disadvantage by repeatedly forcing the ball out of bounds along the grandstand side of the ground. East Fremantle broke away from one of these boundary contests, but Regan missed his shot at goal. Sheedy then kicked his fourth goal, and third of the quarter, to extend the advantage to more than a goal. Further East Fremantle attacks over the subsequent minutes were repelled by Perth, particularly by full-back Brian Ashbolt. Perth attacked, and a free kick to Bill Curtis allowed him to kick a goal, reducing the margin to less than a goal. Two more East Fremantle attacks were repelled by Perth centre half-back Terry Moriarty, who outmarked Sheedy on both occasions.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter
The next Perth attack resulted in a behind to Des Foynes, reducing the margin to four points. The rebound from the kick-off was intercepted by Zeuner, whose attacking kick was marked in a big pack mark by Tom Davis in the pocket; he kicked the goal and put Perth in front by two points with seven minutes remaining.


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter
Perth flooded back to defend its lead, and McIntosh continued to dominate the ruck, repeatedly and deliberately putting the ball out of bounds to quell East Fremantle's attempts to attack – by reports putting the ball out seven times in the final minutes of the game alone. The siren sounded, and after kicking four goals to three into the strong breeze, Perth 11.11 (77) defeated East Fremantle 11.9 (75).


1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Simpson Medal
Perth ruckman Merv McIntosh was awarded the Simpson Medal as the best player on the ground for his dominant performance throughout the game, particularly his game-saving contests when Perth was defending is slim lead in the final quarter. It was his third Simpson Medal and first in a grand final, his previous two coming from interstate matches. For McIntosh, widely considered one of the greatest players in Western Australian football history, it was the first and only premiership of his career, coming in his 217th and final club game. His heroics in the come-from-behind performance, breaking both personal and club premiership droughts, are among the most widely celebrated fairytale stories in the history of the sport.


1955 WANFL season
The 1955 WANFL season was the 71st season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.


1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team
The 1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team represented Wake Forest University in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Taylor Sanford in his 5th season at Wake Forest.


1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team
The Demon Deacons won the College World Series, defeating the Western Michigan Broncos in the championship game.


1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
The 1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1955 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 5–4–1 record and finished in fourth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 3–3–1 record against conference opponents.


1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
Tackle Bob Bartholomew was selected by both the Associated Press and the United Press International as a first-team player on the 1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team.


1955 Walker Cup
The 1955 Walker Cup, the 15th Walker Cup Match, was played on 20 and 21 May 1955, on the Old Course at St Andrews, Scotland. The United States won by 10 matches to 2.


1955 Walker Cup
The United States won all four of the foursomes matches on the first day. Great Britain and Ireland won just two of the singles matches on the second day, both at the final hole, to give the United States a convincing victory. William C. Campbell, the United States playing captain, did not select himself for any of the matches.


1955 Walker Cup, Format
Four 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.


1955 Walker Cup, Teams
Great Britain & Ireland had a team of 10 plus a non-playing captain. The United States only selected a team of 9, which included a playing captain.


1955 Washington Huskies football team
The 1955 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1955 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach John Cherberg, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record, fifth in the Pacific Coast Conference, and was outscored 141 to 93. Bob McNamee was the team captain.


1955 Washington Huskies football team
After months of unrest among players and revelations about unchecked boosters, Cherberg was dismissed in late January, Athletic director Harvey Cassill resigned two weeks later; his successor, George Briggs, hired Mississippi State head coach Darrell Royal in late February to lead the Husky football program in 1956.


1955 Washington Huskies football team
The November 12 game against UCLA was referenced in the 1989 film, Back to the Future Part II; The older Biff Tannen traveled back in time to give his younger self a sports almanac, and he referenced this game to verify its accuracy.


1955 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections
One University of Washington Husky was selected in the 1956 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.


1955 Washington Redskins season
The 1955 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 24th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 19th in Washington, D.C.. The team  improved on their 3–9 record from 1954 and finished 8-4.


1955 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1955 Washington Senators season
The 1955 Washington Senators season was the franchise's 55th in Major League Baseball. The Senators won 53 games, lost 101, and finished in eighth and last place in the American League. They were managed by Chuck Dressen and played home games at Griffith Stadium, where they draw 425,238 fans, eighth and last in the American League and 16th and last in MLB.


1955 Washington Senators season
It was Dressen's first year as the Senators' manager, after Bucky Harris had led the 1954 club to a 66–88, sixth place finish. Dressen, 60, came to Washington two years removed from a highly successful three-year term as skipper of the Brooklyn Dodgers, where his teams finished in a dead heat for first in 1951 (losing the 1951 National League tie-breaker series on Bobby Thomson's famous home run), then won back-to-back NL titles in 1952 and 1953.


1955 Washington Senators season
But in each of the latter seasons, his Dodgers were defeated by the New York Yankees in the World Series, and when Dressen decided to demand a three-year contract to return to Brooklyn for 1954, his owner, Walter O'Malley, let his 1953 contract expire. Dressen spent 1954 managing Oakland in the highly competitive Pacific Coast League, and his return to the major leagues was viewed with anticipation by some observers.


1955 Washington Senators season
His hiring was a departure for the Senators' management and ownership. He was the first manager outside the Washington team's "family" hired during Clark Griffith's presidency, which began in 1920. Through 1954, Griffith had appointed eight different men to manage his club (with one, Harris, serving three different terms), and all had been current or former Senator players. Dressen, as a veteran National Leaguer and a high profile manager with New York ties, broke that 35-season trend.


1955 Washington Senators season
And, though no one knew it at the time, 1955 would be a milestone for baseball in Washington when it proved to be Griffith's last season as the club's president and chief stockholder. He died at age 85 on October 27, and his nephew Calvin, who succeeded him, would move the franchise to Minneapolis–Saint Paul as the Minnesota Twins after only five seasons as the Senators' president.


1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Washington State Cougars football team
The 1955 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1955 college football season. In his fourth and final year, head coach Al Kircher led the team to a 1–7–2 record, 1–5–1 in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). They played their three home games on campus at Rogers Field in Pullman.


1955 Washington State Cougars football team
The Cougars' sole victory was in the Battle of the Palouse over neighbor Idaho in Moscow; the Vandals had won the previous year in Pullman, which was their first win in the series in 29 years.


1955 Washington State Cougars football team
Days after the season ended, Kircher was relieved of his duties with a year remaining on his five-year contract, at $12,500 per year. He opted to stay in Pullman and acquired a motel-restaurant, the Hilltop Lodge, in early 1956. His successor was Jim Sutherland, the Cougars' head coach for eight seasons, through 1963.


1955 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft
Two Cougars were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft, which was thirty rounds (360 selections).


1955 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1955 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.


1955 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
On 9 October 1955, Mount Sion won the championship after a 2-10 to 3-04 defeat of Abbeyside in the final. This was their 11th championship title overall and their third title in succession.


1955 West Riding County Council election
The 1955 West Riding County Council election was held on Saturday, 2 April 1955. The election took place in the administrative county of the West Riding of Yorkshire, which excluded the county boroughs of Barnsley, Bradford, Dewsbury, Doncaster, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds, Rotherham, Sheffield, Wakefield and York. The whole council of ninety-six members was up for election, with each county electoral division returning one councillor.


1955 West Riding County Council election, Results by division
The winning candidates in each division are shown in the table below.


1955 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1955 West Virginia Mountaineers football team completed the regular season with an 8–2 record, including a perfect 4–0 conference record. They finished with a ranking of #17 in the Coaches' Poll and #19 in the AP Poll.


1955 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team
The 1955 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team represented Western Illinois University as a member of the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Wes Stevens, the Leathernecks finished the season with an overall record of 6–3–1 with a mark of 3–2–1 in conference play, placing fourth in the IIAC. Western Illinois later forfeited its win over Illinois State, dropping its season record to 5–4–1 overall and 2–3–1 in the IIAC, putting the team into a fourth-place tie with Illinois State.


1955 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team
Western Illinois back Don Lashmet was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1955 All-Interstate Conference football team. Lashmet led the conference in pass receiving with 16 catches for 299 yards and two touchdowns. As a team, Western Illinois led the conference with 40 pass completions for 611 yards. Bill Vandermerkt was credited with 30 of the team's completed passes.


1955 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team
The 1955 Western Michigan Broncos team represented Western Michigan College in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The Broncos played their home games at Hyames Field. The team was coached by Charlie Maher in his 17th season at Western Michigan.


1955 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team
The Broncos lost the College World Series, defeated by the Wake Forest in the championship game.


1955 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 1955 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College (renamed Western Michigan University in 1957) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jack Petoskey, the Broncos compiled a 1–7–1 record (0–5 against MAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 200 to 80. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.


1955 Western Michigan Broncos football team
Guard Jim Devine and quarterback Jerry Ganzel were the team captains. Fullback Charles Nidiffer received the team's most outstanding player award.


1955 Western Reserve Red Cats football team
The 1955 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented Western Reserve University—now known as Case Western Reserve University—during the 1955 college football season as a member of the Presidents' Athletic Conference (PAC). It was the inaugural season for the conference. Western Reserve was coached by Edward L. Finnigan and led by senior quarterback Flory Mauriocourt and fullback Hal "Candy" Carroll.


1955 Western State Mountaineers football team
The 1955 Western State Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented Western State College of Colorado—now known as Western Colorado University—as a member of the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1955 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Pete Pederson, the Mountaineers compiled an overall record of 7–3 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, placing second in the RMC.


1955 Western State Mountaineers football team
Western State halfback Bill Rhodes ranked second nationally among small college rushing  leaders. He totaled 1,112 rushing yards on 142 carries in 10 games. He also ranked fifth nationally with 1,153 yards of total offense and 13 nationally in punting with an average of 39.0 yards per punt.


1955 Western State Mountaineers football team
Rhodes was also a unanimous pick on the Associated Press (AP) Rocky Mountain Conference all-star team. Quarterback Bob Mears also received first-team honors. End Dick Mikkelsen and center Sam Boyd received second-team honors. Rhodes also received second-team honors from the AP on its Little All-America team.


1955 Wichita Shockers football team
The 1955 Wichita Shockers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wichita (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its first season under head coach Pete Tillman, the team compiled a 9–1 record (4–0 against MVC opponents), tied for the MVC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 252 to 132. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.


1955 Wightman Cup
The 1955 Wightman Cup was the 27th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the Westchester Country Club in Rye, New York in the United States.


1955 Wilkes 160
The 1955 Wilkes 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 23, 1955, at the North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.