1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake
While the shock was recorded by seismographs around the world, few of these stations were close enough to the scene to locate the epicenter with high accuracy, but with what information was available the instrumental location was determined to have been 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) to the north-northwest of the Kasbah. Macroseismic observations (establishing the locations with the highest observed intensity) placed the epicenter about 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) north of Yachech. A sequence of minor foreshocks preceded the main event. The first shock occurred on 23 February with an intensity of III or IV (Weak to Light) and on the day of the disaster, a more significant foreshock with an intensity of VI (Strong) caused alarm around the lunchtime hour.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake
The mainshock took place on the third day of the Muslim observance of Ramadan, immediately collapsing many hotels, apartments, markets, and office buildings. Underground water mains broke and sewer systems crumbled. The Kasbah, a dilapidated fortress which had stood for centuries, crumbled on the side of a hill. With no water pressure and most fire stations having collapsed (killing their occupants) many fires were left burning in the resort city of Agadir with few firefighters and resources to fight them. With nearly seventy percent of the city in ruins, no rescue operations were able to be initiated or arranged from within Agadir. By morning the French army and sailors from the United States Sixth Fleet approached the coast, anchored, and prepared for the rescue process.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake
British author Gavin Maxwell was staying in Morocco at the time of the disaster and his book The Rocks Remain opens with a vivid description drawn from his own experiences and those of others in the area, including important personages in the Moroccan government who numbered among his friends.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response
Mohammed V broadcast a request that all cities of Morocco prepare and send aid. He and his son, Crown Prince Moulay Hassan, flew to the area along with several cabinet ministers to observe the impact firsthand. In his role as Imam, he gave special dispensation to rescue workers to set aside the requirement to abstain from food and drink during daylight in Ramadan, but many workers nevertheless continued to fast. Military planes from France and the United States flew into Agadir to assist with the relief effort. The Moroccan Army provided emergency aid and helicopters arrived from the Ben Guerir Air Base, around 100 miles away.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response
Upon arrival, Rear Admiral Frank Akers (commander of the U.S. fleet air arm in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean) toured the scene and reported that the Agadir hospital was in ruins. One of the many victims of the disaster was author and lawyer Robin Maugham. He was treated at a hospital in Casablanca for minor injuries he received while at the Saada resort when it collapsed – he had been trapped under a fallen beam for several hours. The city of Agadir was evacuated two days after the earthquake in order to avoid the spread of disease.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response
The rescue work was hampered both by the level of destruction and by the weather – temperatures were unusually high for the time of year, reaching 104 °F (40 °C) in the shade. Rapid putrefaction of the thousands of corpses created a foul and unhealthy atmosphere, and adherence to the Ramadan fast caused further strain on rescue workers. Many victims also refused medical treatment, believing that to accept it would constitute breaking their fast.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response
Rescue workers were equipped with gas masks, and quicklime was spread over areas where rescue was considered hopeless, to destroy the rotting corpses – the risk of killing buried survivors as well being accepted. Disinfectant and DDT were sprayed over the ruins from lorries and helicopters to control disease and kill the swarms of flies which were attracted to the scene. The ruins also became infested by rats from the destroyed sewer network and rat poison was spread to kill them; larger animals, such as stray dogs and cats which fed on the human corpses, were shot.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response
Looters were also attracted to the destruction; they were shot on sight and their bodies dumped in mass graves along with those of the victims. These measures were viewed as callous and brutal by those remote from the scene, but given the scale of the destruction and the rapid infestation of the ruins by potential carriers of disease, drastic measures were necessary in order to prevent still further loss of life from epidemic.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
Construction in Agadir progressed rapidly between 1945 and 1955, with specific conditions that may have contributed to the high degree of destruction. Challenging designs were often undertaken with untrained workers, and a lack of good supervision was typical, along with an accelerated effort to finish the job. As there had been no serious earthquakes prior to 1960, construction in the city had been done without consideration of seismic activity. Masonry buildings of more than one story did not fare well, but reinforced concrete structures varied dramatically in their response.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
For example, some of the highest of this type collapsed completely, while a good number of them resisted the shock well, and some others escaped damage altogether. In most cases of complete collapse, the design of the buildings lacked with respect to building regulations, as these were not a primary concern of the architects and inadequate enforcement of the ordinances was also a factor.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
Many quarters of the city consisted entirely of buildings constructed from rammed earth. These had essentially zero earthquake resistance and disintegrated completely into dust. In these areas rescue work was impossible and survival rates were negligible; for example, in the Talbourdjt area, out of 5,000 inhabitants fewer than ten survived.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Tsunami
The newspaper report on 2 March 1960 described how a tsunami was reported to have come ashore shortly after the earthquake, stating "A tidal wave curled in across the white beaches and lanced 300 yards (270 m) into the town. The city dock was cut in two, a Spanish shipmaster radioed." A tsunami disaster was later refuted by a report from the American Iron and Steel Institute after a team of earthquake engineers, including Ray W. Clough from the University of California, Berkeley, surveyed the damage and building failures throughout the Agadir area in March 1960.


1960 Agadir earthquake, Tsunami
The report of their findings stated that the port facilities suffered damage due to fairly uniform subsidence in the harbor area that was responsible for knocking over five large cranes, but no evidence of nor any reliable witness to large waves was found, with the exception of a Dutch freighter crew who stated that large swells in the harbor did cause the separation of their mooring lines at the time of the earthquake. A report in a 1964 issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America also denied the existence of a destructive tsunami because of a lack of evidence from a nearby tide gauge.


1960 Air Force Falcons football team
The 1960 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season as a University Division Independent. Led by third–year head coach Ben Martin, the Falcons played their home games at DU Stadium in Denver, Colorado. They were outscored by their opponents 147–178 and finished with a record of 4 wins and 6 losses (4–6).


1960 Air Force Falcons football team
This was the first year the Falcons played Navy, a 35–3 loss in mid-October at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Heisman Trophy winner Joe Bellino scored three first half touchdowns and also had an interception. The two academies met in even-numbered years (except 1962 and 1964) through 1971, and have played annually in the competition (with Army) for the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy, first awarded in 1972.


1960 Akron Zips football team
The 1960 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference. Led by seventh-year head coach Joe McMullen, the Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 1–8 overall and 1–6 in OAC play. They were outscored by their opponents 70–269.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 66th overall and 27th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant, in his third year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins, one loss and two ties (8–1–2 overall, 5–1–1 in the SEC) and with a tie against Texas in the Bluebonnet Bowl.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
After Alabama upset Georgia in week one, they entered the polls for the first time at the No. 5 position for their game against Tulane. However, they tied the Green Wave and dropped to No. 15 prior to their win over Vanderbilt. The next week, Alabama was upset in Knoxville by Tennessee and as a result exited the polls. The Crimson Tide then proceeded to win all six of their regular season games that remained.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
After a victories over Houston on homecoming and on the road at Mississippi State, Alabama scored their most points in a game since the 1952 season when they defeated Furman 51–0. After an unsuccessful bid to allow for a "sudden death" overtime period in the event of a tie in their game against Georgia Tech, Alabama defeated both the Yellow Jackets in Atlanta and Tampa at home prior to their victory over Auburn in the Iron Bowl. The Crimson Tide then closed the season with a tie against Texas in the Bluebonnet Bowl.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia
To open the 1960 season, the Crimson Tide scored 21 second quarter points en route to a 21–6 upset over the Georgia Bulldogs at Legion Field. After a scoreless first quarter, touchdowns were scored on a three-yard run by Tommy White and on runs of one and nine-yards by Bobby Skelton that made the halftime score 21–0. Alabama never relinquished the lead, but Georgia ended the shutout bid late in the fourth quarter when Fran Tarkenton threw a three-yard touchdown pass to Dan Davis that made the final score 21–6. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 24–18–4.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane
After their upset victory over Georgia in their first game of the season, Alabama entered the polls for the first time of the season at the No. 5 position. In their first road game of the season, the Crimson Tide scored a touchdown in the final minute that prevented an upset by the Tulane Green Wave in this 6–6 tie at New Orleans. After a scoreless first quarter, Tulane took a 6–0 halftime lead after Tommy Mason scored on a three-yard touchdown run. Pat Trammell tied the game in the final minute with his four-yard touchdown run, but the game then ended in a tie after a failed extra point by the Crimson Tide. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 18–10–3.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt
After their tie against Tulane, Alabama dropped ten spots to the No. 15 position in the AP Poll prior to their game against Vanderbilt. In their game against the Commodores, the Crimson Tide rallied to a  21–0 victory after being held scoreless in the first half. Billy Richardson scored the first points of the game with his one-yard touchdown run in the third quarter. Later in the quarter, Alabama's lead was extended further to 9–0 after Charles Binkley snapped the ball over the head of Russell Morris on a punt attempt and out of the endzone for a safety.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt
The Crimson Tide then took the free kick that ensued 49-yards for a touchdown with the points made on a 36-yard Bobby Skelton touchdown pass to Norbie Ronsonet for a 15–0 lead. The last touchdown of the game came in the final minute of the fourth quarter when Bud Moore returned an interception 32-yards and made the final score 21–0. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 19–16–4.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee
In their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, early turnovers proved costly for the Crimson Tide in this 20–7 loss to the Volunteers at Knoxville. Ray Abruzzese fumbled the first play of the game for Alabama to set up the Vols' first score on an eight-yard Bill Majors touchdown pass to Charles Wyrick. Later in the first quarter, Tennessee took a 14–0 lead after a Tommy White fumble was recovered by Cotton Letner and returned 41-yards for a touchdown.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee
After a three-yard Glenn Glass touchdown early in the second quarter made the Volunteers' lead 20–0, Alabama responded with their only points of the game on a 13-yard Laurien Stapp touchdown pass to Leon Fuller that made the final margin 20–6. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18–19–6.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Houston
A week after their first loss of the season at Tennessee, the Crimson Tide returned home and shutout the Houston Cougars 14–0 on homecoming in Tuscaloosa. Both Crimson Tide touchdowns were set up after Cougar turnovers gave them good field position. The first touchdown was set up after Lee Roy Jordan recovered a Charlie Rieves fumble at the Cougars' 31-yard line. Eight plays later Alabama led 7–0 after Laurien Stapp scored on a one-yard run. On the Houston drive that ensued, Billy Richardson intercepted a Don Sessions pass and returned it to the Cougars' 18-yard line. Four plays later Alabama scored what proved to be the final points of the game on a one-yard Richardson run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Houston to 2–0.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State
On homecoming in Starkville, Alabama scored their only touchdown in the first quarter and shutout the Mississippi State Maroons 7–0. The Crimson Tide scored the lone points of the game on their second offensive possession when Pat Trammell scored on an 18-yard touchdown run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 32–10–3.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Furman
Against the Furman Paladins, Alabama scored their most points in a game since the 1953 Orange Bowl in this 51–0 victory at Denny Stadium. After Bobby Skelton threw and eight-yard touchdown pass to Butch Wilson in the first, he followed it with a three-yard touchdown pass to Richard O’Dell in the second quarter. Pat Trammell then made the halftime score 21–0 with his one-yard run late in the half. After a one-yard Cotton Clark touchdown run extended the Alabama lead to 29–0 in the third, the Crimson Tide scored 22 fourth quarter points to win 51–0. Fourth quarter points were scored on a blocked punt for a safety, and touchdowns on a 62-yard Walter Cureton touchdown run, a 52-yard Laurien Stapp pass to Jerry Spruiell and a five-yard Stapp run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Furman to 5–0.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
Behind a 24-yard game-winning Richard O’Dell field goal with only six seconds left in the game, the Crimson Tide upset the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 16–15 at Grant Field. Tech dominated the first half and built a 15–0 halftime lead over Alabama. They scored on an eight-yard Jimmy Nail touchdown run, a 47-yard Thomas Wells field goal and on a three-yard Stanley Gann touchdown run. Alabama responded in the third quarter with a one-yard Leon Fuller touchdown run that cut the Jackets' lead to 15–6. The Crimson Tide then closed the game with a three-yard Bobby Skelton touchdown pass to Norbie Ronsonet and the 24-yard O'Dell field goal as time expired to win 16–15. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 21–18–3.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech
In the week that led into this game, Bear Bryant and Georgia Tech head coach Bobby Dodd agreed to make a request to then SEC commissioner Bernie Moore to allow for a "sudden death" overtime period in the event the game was tied at the end of regulation. At the time, it marked the first time that an overtime period was formally requested by college football teams. Ultimately, Moore denied the request and cited that as a conference he was unable to violate existing NCAA rules that specified only 60 minutes for football games.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tampa
After their upset over Georgia Tech, Alabama reentered the AP Poll at the No. 18 position in the week leading to their game against Tampa. In what was the first and only meeting against the Spartans, Alabama won 34–6 in the final Denny Stadium game of the season. The Crimson Tide took an 18–0 halftime lead after they scored three first half touchdowns. The first was on a one-yard Mike Fracchia run, the second on a one-yard Pat Trammell run and the third on a 30-yard Bobby Skelton pass to Bill Oliver. After a one-yard Laurien Stapp run in the third extended the Alabama lead to 26–0, Tampa scored their only points on a three-yard Ronnie Perez touchdown pass to Charles Truelock. The Crimson Tide then closed the game win a second, one-yard Trammell touchdown run and won 34–6.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn
As they entered their season finale against No. 8 Auburn, the Crimson Tide moved up one spot to the No. 17 position after their victory over Tampa. At Legion Field in the annual Iron Bowl game, Alabama shut out the Tigers for the second consecutive season, this time by a score of 3–0. The only points in this defensive struggle came in the second quarter on a 22-yard Tommy Brooker field goal. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 11–13–1.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Texas
Immediately after their victory over Auburn in their season finale, Bryant accepted an invitation to play in the Bluebonnet Bowl against Texas. Against the Longhorns, each team only scored a single field goal in this 3–3 tie. Tommy Brooker connected on a 30-yard field goal for Alabama in the third and Dan Petty tied the game in the fourth for Texas with his 20-yard kick. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Texas to 0–4–1.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, NFL/AFL Draft
Several players that were varsity lettermen from the 1960 squad were drafted into the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL) in the 1962 and 1963 drafts. These players included the following:


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad
Prior to the 1972 NCAA University Division football season, NCAA rules prohibited freshmen from participating on the varsity team, and as such many schools fielded freshmen teams. For the 1960 season, the Alabama freshmen squad was coached by Sam Bailey and finished their season with a record of two wins and one loss (2–1). In their first game of the season, Alabama was shut out by Tulane at New Orleans, 19–0. Green Wave touchdowns were scored by Bill Hatchett on a one-yard run in the first and on a pair of fourth-quarter scores that were set up by Crimson Tide turnovers.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad
In their second game, the Crimson Tide defeated Mississippi State by a final score of 10–6 at Denny Stadium on a Monday. After a scoreless first quarter, State took a 6–0 lead in the second quarter on a 66-yard Wayne Gaines touchdown pass to Bobby Jones. Alabama responded later in the period with a 14-yard Hudson Harris touchdown run to take the lead and then added a 35-yard Tim Davis field goal in the third that made the final score 10–6.


1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad
In the final freshmen game of the season, Alabama defeated Auburn 23–6 before 4,000 fans on a Monday at Denny Stadium. Alabama points were scored on a six-yard Dale Layton touchdown pass to Jerry Beard, a nine-yard Layton touchdown run, a 26-yard Larry Wall touchdown run and a 37-yard Tim Davis field goal. Auburn scored their only points in the fourth on a touchdown pass from Frank James to Reggie Allen, and in the loss, the Tigers fumbled the ball eight times with Alabama having recovered seven of them.


1960 Albanian Cup
1960 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the eleventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in Spring 1960 with the First Round and ended in May 1960 with the Final matches. KF Partizani were the defending champions, having won their fourth Albanian Cup last season.


1960 Albanian Cup
The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.


1960 Albanian Cup, Second round
All sixteen teams of the 1958 Superliga and First Division entered in this round. First and second legs were played in March, 1960.


1960 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals
In this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.


1960 Albanian Cup, Semifinals
In this round entered the four winners from the previous round.


1960 Albanian Cup, Finals
In this round entered the two winners from the previous round.


1960 Albanian National Championship
The 1960 Albanian National Championship was the 23rd season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.


1960 Albanian National Championship, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Dinamo Tirana won the championship.


1960 Albanian National Championship, League standings
Note: '17 Nëntori' is KF Tirana, 'Labinoti' is KS Elbasani and 'Lokomotiva Durrës' is Teuta


1960 All England Badminton Championships
The 1960 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley, London, England, from 16–20 March 1960.


1960 All England Badminton Championships
The ladies champion Heather Ward moved to South Africa and did not defend her title.


1960 All-AFL Team
The 1960 American Football League All-League Team was selected after the 1960 American Football League (AFL) season by three separate entities: current AFL players, the Associated Press (AP), and United Press International (UPI), and was published by The Sporting News. Each selector chose a first-team, and the AFL players and UPI also selected second-teams at some positions.


1960 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team
The 1960 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference ("ACC") teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1960 included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI).


1960 All-Big Eight Conference football team
The 1960 All-Big Eight Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1960 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season.


1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
UPI = United Press International, selected by the conference coaches


1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UPI


1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 29th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.


1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
Dublin entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Leinster Championship.


1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
On 25 September 1960, Galway won the championship following a 4-9 to 1-5 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title overall and their first title in eight championship season.


1960 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1960 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 30th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.


1960 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
On 4 September 1960 Kilkenny won the championship following a 7-12 to 1-11 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title and their first in ten championship seasons.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1960 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Galway by a 14-point margin in the final.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Changes in the old order
Dublin needed twenty minutes of extra time to beat Tipperary in the semi-final after what Agnes Hourigan described in the Irish Press as "one of the hardest, fastest and most exciting camogie matches ever played". Tipperary led 1-1 to nil at half time through a goal from Brid Scully, the score was 2–1 each at full time, Kathleen Mills shot a spectacular long range goal from a free in the first minute of extra time and Dublin never subsequently lost the lead, although Tipperary cut the lead back to a point.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Changes in the old order
Galway shocked Antrim in the All Ireland semi-final at Casement Park with a bizarre match-winning goal. Antrim, led until three minutes from the end, when Chris Conway dropped a high lobbing ball into the Antrim goalmouth. The ball struck the in-rushing Emer Walsh on the top of the head and was deflected out of the reach of the Antrim goalkeeper for the winner


1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Interest in the final had evaporated by the time it was played, delayed by the drawn All Ireland senior football final.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
The 1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 29th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
Dublin led 3-2 to no score at half-time, Galway only managing a single shot in the first half, and Dublin won by 14 points. Kathleen Mills won her fourteenth All-Ireland medal.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1960 All-Ireland Football Championship was the 74th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 1 May 1960 and ended on 25 September 1960.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Fermanagh back in the Ulster championship for the first time since 1948.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
On 25 September 1960, Down won the championship following a 2–10 to 0–8 defeat of Kerry in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Down's James McCartan was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 73rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary
The game turned in Down's favour 11 minutes into the second half with Dan McCartan scoring a goal directly from a line ball; two minutes later Paddy Doherty scored a penalty.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary
This was Down's first ever appearance in an All-Ireland final, and it brought with it their first win. It was the first of three All-Ireland football titles won by Down in the 1960s, which made them joint "team of the decade" with Galway who also won three. Down won their next four All-Ireland football finals, with this run only broken in their sixth appearance, by a one-point defeat to Cork in 2010.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary
This was also the first Championship meeting of Down and Kerry.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 74th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 10 April 1960 and ended on 4 September 1960.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
Waterford were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial championship. Wexford won the title after defeating Tipperary by 2-15 to 0-11 in the All-Ireland final.


1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 73rd All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 4 September 1960, between Wexford and Tipperary. The Munster champions lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 2-15 to 0-11.


1960 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1960 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.


1960 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key
AP = Associated Press, named in a vote of the AP West Coast Board


1960 All-Pro Team
Selectors of All-Pros for the 1960 National Football League season included the Associated Press (AP), United Press International (UPI), New York Daily News (NYDN), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and The Sporting News (SN).


1960 All-SEC football team
The 1960 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.


1960 All-SEC football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UPI


1960 All-Southwest Conference football team
The 1960 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1960 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.


1960 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP


1960 Allan Cup
The 1960 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1959-60 Senior "A" season. The event was hosted by the Trail Smoke Eaters and Trail, British Columbia. The 1960 playoff marked the 52nd time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.


1960 Allan Cup, Playdowns, Western Playdowns
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association second vice-president Art Potter oversaw scheduling in Western Canada, ruled that Saskatchewan too late in declaring a champion to participate in the playoffs, then changed his mind and scheduled an abbreviated series.


1960 Allsvenskan, Overview
The league was contested by 12 teams, with IFK Norrköping winning the championship.


1960 American Football League Championship Game
The 1960 American Football League Championship Game was the first AFL title game, played on New Year's Day 1961 at Jeppesen Stadium in Houston, Texas. With New Year's on Sunday, the major college bowl games were played on Monday, January 2. This was the first time that a major professional football league's playoff game was played in January rather than December.


1960 American Football League Championship Game
The game matched the Eastern Division champion Houston Oilers (10–4), against the Western Division champion Los Angeles Chargers (10–4), in the first championship game of the new American Football League. The host Oilers were favored by 6 to 6½ points.


1960 American Football League Championship Game
The AFL had established a format in which championship games would be alternated each year between the Western Division winners and the Eastern Division. The first game was originally scheduled to be played in the cavernous Los Angeles Coliseum but with the Chargers drawing less than 10,000 a game in the 100,000+ seat coliseum it was feared ABC would pull its contract because of empty seats so the game was moved to the smaller Jeppesen Stadium in Houston, where it drew 32,183. It rained the five days prior to the game.


1960 American Football League Championship Game
Oilers' quarterback George Blanda had retired after ten seasons in the NFL and did not play during the  1959 season; he threw three touchdown passes (and kicked a field goal and three extra points) to lead Houston to the first AFL title, 24–16.


1960 American Football League Championship Game, Game summary
The Chargers led 6–0 in the first quarter on two field goals by Ben Agajanian, one of only two players (Hardy Brown) who played in the AAFC, the NFL and the AFL. In the second period, Houston scored on a 17-yard George Blanda pass to All-AFL fullback Dave Smith, then answered a 27-yard Agajanian field goal with a 17-yard kick by Blanda.


1960 American Football League Championship Game, Game summary
In the final quarter, Heisman Trophy winner Billy Cannon caught a short toss from Blanda and went for an 88-yard touchdown scamper. The Chargers, down by eight points, tried to reach the end zone on their final possession. Had they scored they could have gone for the two-point conversion, but the clock ran out with the Chargers at the Oilers' 22-yard line. The Oilers won the first American Football League championship, 24–16.


1960 American Football League draft
The 1960 American Football League draft was held on November 22–23, 1959, in Minneapolis,  shortly after the organization of the league, and lasted 33 rounds. An additional draft of 20 rounds was held by the AFL on December 2.


1960 American Football League draft, Territorial draft
The first territorial or "bonus" picks for each team were:


1960 American Football League draft, Allocation draft
For the allocation draft, the other seven AFL teams each froze eleven players, and Oakland selected a total of 24 players from the ranks of the other teams' "unfrozen" lists. The number of players originally drafted for the eighth AFL franchise, but who were signed by other teams, combined with the process of the allocation draft, virtually guaranteed that the Raiders would have the worst team in the AFL in its first year. In spite of this, they managed to sign future stars Jim Otto and Wayne Hawkins, two men who played the entire ten years of the American Football League.


1960 American Football League season
The 1960 American Football League season was the inaugural regular season of the American Football League (AFL). It consisted of 8 franchises split into two divisions: the East Division (Buffalo Bills, Houston Oilers, Titans of New York, Boston Patriots) and the West Division (Los Angeles Chargers, Denver Broncos, Dallas Texans, Oakland Raiders).


1960 American Football League season
The season ended when the Houston Oilers defeated the Los Angeles Chargers 24–16 in the inaugural AFL Championship game.


1960 American Football League season, Division races
The AFL had 8 teams, grouped into two divisions. Each team would play a home-and-away game against the other 7 teams in the league for a total of 14 games, and the best team in the Eastern Division would play against the best in the Western Division in a championship game. If there was a tie in the standings, a playoff would be held to determine the division winner.


1960 American Football League season, Division races
The Denver Broncos, who would not have a winning season until they went 7–5–2 in 1973, were the Western Division leaders halfway through 1960. They won the AFL's first game, played on Friday night, September 9, 1960, beating the Boston Patriots 13–10. The Patriots' Gino Cappelletti scored the AFL's first points with a 35-yard field goal. Other results in Week One were the Los Angeles Chargers 21–20 win over the Dallas Texans, the Houston Oilers 37–22 win over the Oakland Raiders, and the Titans of New York 27–3 win over the Buffalo Bills. In the Raiders game, J. D. Smith caught a pass from Tom Flores to score the first two-point conversion in pro football history.


1960 American Football League season, Division races
In Week Eight (October 30), Denver lost to the visiting Texans, 17–14, and did not win any of their last eight games, finishing with the AFL's worst record at 4–9–1. The Chargers, still in Los Angeles, pulled ahead the next week with a Friday night win over the Titans of New York, 21–7, and finished at 10–4–0. The Eastern Division lead was held by Houston, except for a setback from a 14–13 loss to Oakland on September 25. In Week Five, the Oilers beat the visiting Titans, 27–21 and led the rest of the way.


1960 American Football League season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Antiguan general election
General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 29 November 1960. They were won by the governing Antigua Labour Party (ALP), whose leader Vere Bird was re-elected as Chief Minister, a position he had held since 1 January 1960 when the position was created.


1960 Antiguan general election
The 1960 election was the fourth general election held during Antigua and Barbuda's history as a colonial territory of the British Empire. It was the only general election held in the territory during its membership of the West Indies Federation, a brief attempt to create a federal state in the British West Indies. Voter turnout was 38%.


1960 Argentine Grand Prix
The 1960 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Buenos Aires on 7 February 1960. It was race 1 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 1 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. This was the last Argentine Grand Prix until 1972, and the last to be held on the No. 4 configuration of the circuit.


1960 Argentine Grand Prix
The race was won by Bruce McLaren, his second consecutive victory, having won his first at Sebring at the end of the 1959 season. Stirling Moss suffered a suspension failure while leading, and took over Maurice Trintignant's Cooper, but was not awarded points for third place as a result of the shared drive, a rule that had been in place since 1958.


1960 Argentine Grand Prix
Venezuelan driver Ettore Chimeri participated in his only grand prix. He was killed two weeks later driving a Ferrari 250 TR in Havana. He was the first driver from his country in Formula One, and the last until Johnny Cecotto in 1983. It was the only grand prix appearances for Antonio Creus, Alberto Rodriguez Larreta and Roberto Bonomi. It was also the last grand prix appearances for the driver who scored Ferrari's first World Championship race victory, José Froilán González, and experienced American driver Harry Schell, who would be killed during practice for a non-championship race at Silverstone.


1960 Argentine Grand Prix
Three other local drivers took part in the practice sessions for the race. The Scuderia Centro Sud Maserati (№ 10) was driven in the first practice session by Pedro Llano, as well as by eventual race driver Nasif Estéfano and Rodriguez Larreta. In the second practice session, Julio Pola shared Chimeri's № 44 Maserati. Also, Oscar Cabalén shared Estéfano's car in the qualifying session as a reserve driver.


1960 Argentine Primera División
The 1960 Argentine Primera División was the 69th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 3 and ended on November 27.


1960 Argentine Primera División
Independiente achieved its 6th title while Newell's Old Boys was relegated to Primera B.


1960 Argentine legislative election
The Argentine legislative elections of 1960 was held on 27 March. Voters chose their legislators, and with a turnout of 87%.


1960 Argentine legislative election, Background
President Arturo Frondizi had been elected in 1958 largely with the endorsement of the exiled, populist leader, Juan Perón. Military and conservative pressure made the president unable to lift the 1955 ban imposed on Peronism - though Peronists had other reasons for breaking with Frondizi ahead of the 1960 elections. Contrary to his platform, he appointed ultra-conservative economist Alvaro Alsogaray, whose austerity program helped lead to a doubling of prices in 1959 (a record, up to that time) and sharp recession.


1960 Argentine legislative election, Background
Recommending the casting of blank votes, Perón took care to deprive Frondizi of potential anti-peronist support by revealing their earlier, secret deal: Peronist support in 1958 in exchange for restored political rights. A year marked with labor strife was followed by the bombing of a Shell Petroleum facility in March 1960, leading to the enactment of the Conintes Plan - a further, severe limitation on political freedoms.


1960 Argentine legislative election, Background
Frondizi bore the brunt of public disapproval over these developments; in reality, however, both decisions were signed on the insistence of the Argentine military, many of whom were unambiguous on their willingness to overthrow the president (Conintes, in particular was signed in lieu of military demands for martial law). Frondizi's UCRI congressional candidates went from nearly half the 1958 vote to only 27% - though they retained their overall majority since its loss of seats was more moderate (mostly to Ricardo Balbín's more conservative UCR-P). Peronists' blank votes resulted in one of the highest such incidences (25%) in Argentine electoral history.


1960 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The 1960 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State University in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils compiled a 7–3 record (3–2 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 223 to 120.


1960 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The team's statistical leaders included Ron Cosner with 422 passing yards, Nolan Jones with 582 rushing yards, and Bob Rembert with 178 receiving yards.


1960 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team
The 1960 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Frontier Conference during the 1960 NAIA football season. In their fifth year under head coach Max Spilsbury, the Lumberjacks compiled a 6–3–2 record (2–0–1 against conference opponents), tied for the Frontier Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 260 to 176.


1960 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team
The team played its home games at Lumberjack Stadium in Flagstaff, Arizona.


1960 Arizona Wildcats baseball team
The 1960 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his 11th year at Arizona.


1960 Arizona Wildcats baseball team
The Wildcats won the District VI Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Southern California Trojans.


1960 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1960 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Jim LaRue, the Wildcats compiled a 7–3 record and outscored their opponents, 233 to 152. The team captain was Tony Matz. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.


1960 Arizona Wildcats football team
The team's statistical leaders included Eddie Wilson with 1,020 passing yards, Bobby Thompson with 732 rushing yards, and Joe Hernandez with 442 receiving yards.


1960 Arizona gubernatorial election
The 1960 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent governor Paul Fannin ran for reelection against former Democratic state representative Lee Ackerman in the general election, easily winning a second term. Fannin was sworn in to his second term on January 3, 1961. Both candidates ran unopposed in their respective party's primary.


1960 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1960 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Frank Broyles, the Razorbacks compiled an 8–3 record (6–1 against SWC opponents), won the SWC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 185 to 87. The Razorbacks' only losses during the regular season came against Baylor by a 28–14 score and to Mississippi by a 10–7 score. The team was ranked #7 in both the final AP Poll and the final UPI Coaches Poll and went on to lose to Duke in the 1960 Cotton Bowl Classic by a 7–6 score.


1960 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
Lineman Wayne Harris was selected by the Football Writers Association of America as a first-team player on the 1960 All-America Team. He was also honored as a second-team player by the UPI. Halfback Lance Alworth was recognized as a third-team All-American by the American Football Coaches Association.


1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960.


1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor Orval Faubus won election to a fourth term, defeating Republican nominee Henry M. Britt with 69.21% of the vote.


1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election, Primary elections
Primary elections were held on July 26, 1960. By winning over 50% of the vote, Faubus avoided a run-off which would have been held on August 9, 1960.


1960 Arlington State Rebels football team
The 1960 Arlington State Rebels football team was an American football team that represented  Arlington State College (now known as the University of Texas at Arlington) as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth year under head coach Chena Gilstrap, the team compiled a 9–2 record.


1960 Armstrong 500
The 1960 Armstrong 500 was an endurance motor race for Australian made or assembled standard production sedans. The event was held at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 20 November 1960 over 167 laps of the 3.0 mile circuit, a total distance of 501 miles.


1960 Armstrong 500
The race was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia and promoted by Armstrong York Engineering Pty Ltd. Jim Thompson, managing director of the shock absorber manufacturer, was encouraged by his PR man Ron Thonemann to increase the company's business with major carmakers, particularly Ford and Holden, by sponsoring a race.


1960 Armstrong 500
This was the first event held in the history of the race later to become known as the Bathurst 1000, the race that would come to dominate Australian motor racing.


1960 Armstrong 500, Outright controversy
Officially only class placings and prize money were awarded, with no outright winner recognised. In later years as the fame of the Bathurst 1000 grew, outright placings, particularly the outright winner, became more widely recognised. John Roxburgh and Frank Coad have been widely acclaimed as the outright winners of the event, and have been recognised in CAMS motorsport manual in more recent times. This has been the source of some controversy as claims the winners of Class C, Geoff Russell, David Anderson and Tony Loxton covered the race distance in a faster time.


1960 Armstrong 500, Outright controversy
The source of the discrepancy arises from the starting procedure which saw the classes released at ten second intervals, with the Class D Roxburgh/Coad Vauxhall starting the race ten seconds before the Class C Russell/Anderson/Loxton Peugeot. A comprehensive investigation in 1992 by Graham Hoinville, utilizing the record of individual lap times from the race, concluded that the car of Frank Coad and John Roxburgh was the first to finish the race.


1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class A
Class A was for cars with an engine capacity of 750cc or less. The class featured Fiat 600, Lloyd Alexander, NSU Prinz and Renault 750


1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class B
Class B was for cars with an engine capacity of between 751cc and 1300cc. The class featured Ford Anglia, Renault Dauphine, Simca Aronde, Triumph Herald and Volkswagen Beetle


1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class C
Class C was for cars with an engine capacity of between 1301cc and 2000cc. The class featured Austin Lancer, Hillman Minx, Morris Major, Peugeot 403 and Singer Gazelle.


1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class D
Class D was for cars with an engine capacity between 2001cc and 3500cc. The class featured Ford Falcon, Humber Super Snipe, Mercedes-Benz 220SE, Standard Vanguard, Vauxhall Cresta.


1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class E
Class E was for cars with an engine capacity over 3500cc. There was only one entry in the class, a Ford Customline.


1960 Army Cadets football team
The 1960 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Dale Hall, the Cadets compiled a 6–3–1 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 222 to 95. In the annual Army–Navy Game, the Cadets lost to the Midshipmen by a 17 to 12 score. The Cadets also lost to Penn State and Nebraska.


1960 Army Cadets football team
Army guard Al Vanderbush was selected by the Central Press Association as a first-team player on the 1960 College Football All-America Team. He was also selected by the UPI as a second-team player.


1960 Atlanta 500
The 1960 Atlanta 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 30, 1960, at Atlanta International Raceway in Hampton, Georgia.


1960 Atlanta 500, Background
Atlanta International Raceway (now Atlanta Motor Speedway) is one of ten current intermediate tracks to hold NASCAR races; the others are Charlotte Motor Speedway, Chicagoland Speedway, Darlington Raceway, Homestead Miami Speedway, Kansas Speedway, Kentucky Speedway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway, New Hampshire Motor Speedway, and Texas Motor Speedway. However, at the time, only Charlotte and Darlington were built.


1960 Atlanta 500, Background
The layout at Atlanta International Speedway at the time was a four-turn traditional oval track that is 1.54 miles (2.48 km) long. The track's turns are banked at twenty-four degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, and the back stretch are banked at five.


1960 Atlanta 500, Race report
The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the "strictly stock" vehicles of the 1950s.


1960 Atlanta 500, Race report
Thirty thousand spectators would attend this live spectacle where Bobby Johns (in his 1960 Pontiac Catalina) would defeat Johnny Allen (in his 1960 Chevrolet Bel Air) by a distance of one lap. The late-season combination of Speedy Thompson and the Wood Brothers racing organization paid off as they managed to win their first two races. Thompson tried to win his third race in a row, but came up short as he finished in fourth-place; with Bobby Johns out-lapping him four times over.


1960 Atlanta 500, Race report
Johns would acquire his only victory on a superspeedway in this race. This would also serve as his only victory in the 1960 NASCAR Grand National Series season. In the 1960 NASCAR Grand National Series points standings, Rex White would beat Richard Petty by a whopping 3,936 points. It would completely shatter the record set by Lee Petty in 1959, but still wouldn't come close to the all-time record.


1960 Atlanta 500, Race report
The race itself took four hours and thirty-six minutes to fully resolve 334 laps; with speeds averaging 108.408 miles per hour (174.466 km/h). Fireball Roberts would qualify for the pole position with a speed of 134.596 miles per hour (216.611 km/h). The other top ten finishers were: Jim Paschal, Speedy Thompson, Rex White (officially declared the Grand National Champion that year), Lee Petty, Richard Petty, Joe Weatherly, Bob Welborn and Fred Lorenzen.


1960 Atlanta 500, Race report
Bill Gazaway would receive the last-place finish for his collision involving the rear end of his 1960 Oldsmobile vehicle on the first lap of the race; giving him the shortest NASCAR Grand National Series career alongside Paul Norris and Rich Vogler. LeeRoy Yarbrough would make his first NASCAR career start here; finishing in 33rd due to a crash on lap 60. Eight notable crew chiefs participated in the event; including Bud Moore, Ray Fox, Leonard Wood and Cotton Owens.


1960 Atlanta 500, Race report
The record for the shortest NASCAR career would be broken in 1990 by Rich Vogler. He qualified for a 1990 race at Pocono, but he died the night before the race. He was given a 40th-place finish and a "Did Not Start", which means he completed zero laps. The fewest lead changes were committed here; this record would be officially tied with the 1961 Dixie 400 the following year.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1960 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active season since 1952. The season officially began on June 15, and lasted until November 15. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. The first system, an unnamed storm, developed in the Bay of Campeche on June 22. It brought severe local flooding to southeastern Texas and was considered the worst disaster in some towns since a Hurricane in 1945. The unnamed storm moved across the United States for almost a week before dissipating on June 29.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season
In July, Hurricane Abby resulted in minor damage in the Leeward Islands, before impacting a few Central American counties — the remnants of the storm would go on to form Hurricane Celeste in the East Pacific. Later that month, Tropical Storm Brenda caused flooding across much of the East Coast of the United States. The next storm, Hurricane Cleo, caused no known impact, despite its close proximity to land.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season
The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Donna, which at the time was among the ten costliest United States hurricanes. After the precursor caused a deadly plane crash in Senegal, the storm itself brought severe flooding and wind impacts to the Lesser Antilles and Florida, where Donna made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane. It moved northeast and struck North Carolina and Long Island, New York, while still at hurricane intensity. Donna caused at least 227 fatalities and $900 million (1960 USD) in damage.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Ethel reached Category 3 intensity, but rapidly weakened before making landfall in Mississippi, resulting in only 1 fatality and $1.5 million in losses. The final storm, Florence, developed on September 17. It remained weakened and moved erratically over Cuba and Florida. Only minor flooding was reported. Collectively, the tropical cyclones in 1960 caused at least 250 deaths and about $910.74 million in damage.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 15, 1960. It was a below-average season in which seven tropical depressions formed. All seven of the depressions attained tropical storm status, which was below the 1950–2000 average of 9.6 named storms. Four of these reached hurricane status, also falling short of the 1950–2000 average of 5.9. Furthermore, two storms reached major hurricane status, which is Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Two hurricane and four tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 387 deaths and $396.7 million (1960 USD) in damage.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Season activity began on June 23, with the development of an unnamed tropical storm. Tropical cyclogenesis resumed in July with Hurricane Abby between July 10 and July 16, followed by Tropical Storm Brenda from July 28 to July 31. In mid-August, Hurricane Cleo developed and had an uneventful duration. At the end of that month, Hurricane Donna formed and lasted into mid-September; it was the strongest tropical cyclone of the season, peaking as a Category 4 hurricane. There was a Category 3 hurricane in September, Ethel, which briefly existed in the Gulf of Mexico. The last storm of the season, Tropical Storm Florence, dissipated on September 25, over a month before the official end of the season on November 15.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 88, which was the lowest total since 54 in 1954. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h) or tropical storm strength.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
Observations from a reconnaissance flight on June 22 indicated that a large area of showers and thunderstorms in the Gulf of Mexico was producing winds up to 40 mph (65 km/h). Because no circulation was reported, it was operationally classified as a tropical low, though radar stations along the Gulf Coast of Mexico indicated a circulation. Thus, the system became a tropical depression at 0600 UTC on June 22, while located in the Bay of Campeche. The depression strengthened and was estimated to have become a tropical storm on June 23. By early on the following day, the storm peaked with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Later that day, it made landfall near Corpus Christi, Texas at the same intensity. The storm weakened slowly and moved across the Central United States, before dissipating over Illinois on June 28.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
In Texas, the storm dropped up to 29.76 inches (756 mm) of precipitation in Port Lavaca. Thus considerable flooding occurred in some areas of south and eastern Texas. Throughout the state, more than 150 houses sustained flood damage in several counties. In addition, numerous major highways were closed, including portions of U.S. Routes 59, 87, 90, and 185, and Texas State Highways 35 and 71. In Arkansas, a few buildings in Hot Springs were damaged from high winds. Elsewhere, light to moderate rainfall was recorded in at least 11 other states, though damage was minimal. The storm was the rainiest tropical cyclone on record in the state of Kentucky, dropping 11.25 inches (286 mm) in Dunmor. Overall, the storm was attributed to 15 fatalities and $3.6 million in damage.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Abby
A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression near the Windward Islands on July 10. That day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Abby, striking Saint Lucia with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h). Abby tracked westward across the Caribbean Sea with little change in intensity. The storm brushed the northern coast of Honduras before intensifying into a hurricane on July 15, striking the offshore Roatán island with peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Later that day, Hurricane Abby made landfall in southern British Honduras (present day Belize). Abby quickly weakened inland, moving across Guatemala and coastal Mexico. On July 17, Abby dissipated over the Mexican state of Veracruz. However, the remnants later contributed to the development of Hurricane Celeste in the eastern Pacific.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Abby
Abby produced tropical storm force winds and up to 6.8 inches (170 mm) of precipitation in St. Lucia. Six people died when a roof of a house collapsed. Damage in St. Lucia reached $435,000, most of which was incurred to banana and coconut crops. In Martinique, wind gusts of 75 mph (120 km/h) and about 4 inches (100 mm) of rain damaged 33% of banana and sugar cane crops. The resultant landslides from the precipitation extensively impacted roads and bridges. In Dominica, light winds and precipitation up to 5.91 inches (150 mm) with damages reaching $65,000, entirely to roads and communications. Offshore islands of Honduras reported winds up to 52 mph (85 km/h) and light rainfall. Damage in British Honduras was light, with about $40,500 in losses, mostly to agriculture.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda
A weak low-pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico developed on July 26, organizing into Tropical Storm Brenda a day later. The minimal tropical storm moved ashore near Cross City, Florida on July 29, and moved northeastward along the east coast of the United States, gradually intensifying despite being largely over land. Later that day, the storm briefly moved offshore before striking southern North Carolina with peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). After moving through the Mid-Atlantic states and New England, Brenda transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on July 31 over Maine. The remnants of Brenda interacted with another extratropical storm over eastern Canada before absorbing it. For about a week, the remnants of Brenda drifted and executed a large loop over northern Quebec, Labrador, and adjacent waters, eventually dissipating on August 7.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda
Brenda was considered the worst storm to strike West Central Florida since Hurricane Easy in 1950. It brought wind gusts up to 60 mph (95 km/h) and rainfall amounts reaching 14.57 inches (370 mm) at the Tampa International Airport. While no casualties are directly blamed on the storm, at least one traffic-related death took place. According to an American Red Cross Disaster Service report encompassing eight Florida counties, 11 houses sustained significant damage, while 567 suffered more minor damage. Around 590 families were affected overall. Total monetary damage in Florida is placed at nearly $5 million. Further north, other states reported strong winds and locally heavy rainfall, though no significant damage occurred.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cleo
A strong tropical wave produced rainfall and gusty winds in The Bahamas and the Greater Antilles in mid-August. The wave was closely monitored for possible tropical cyclogenesis and special bulletins were issued by the United States Weather Bureau. At 1800 UTC on August 17, Tropical Storm Cleo developed near Cat Island in The Bahamas. The storm headed northeastward and immediately began to intensify. Operationally, the United States Weather Bureau at the hurricane warning center in Miami did not initiate advisories on Cleo until 1500 UTC on August 18. Sustained winds were already 70 mph (110 km/h) at the time, as recorded by a reconnaissance aircraft flight. By 1800 UTC on August 18, Cleo strengthened into a hurricane.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cleo
Throughout its duration, Cleo remained a relatively small tropical cyclone. Because the storm posed a significant threat to New England, a "hurricane watch" was issued for southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island on August 19. Various gale warnings were also put into effect from Block Island, Rhode Island, to Portland, Maine. However, this was unnecessary because Cleo remained well offshore. On August 19, Cleo peaked with winds of 85 mph (135 km/h), but it weakened to a tropical storm the next day. Cleo curved east-northeastward on August 20, remaining south of Nova Scotia, until it dissipated a day later.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna
A tropical wave, which was attributed to 63 deaths from a plane crash in Senegal, developed into a tropical depression south of Cape Verde late on August 29. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Donna by the following day. Donna moved west-northwestward at roughly 20 mph (32 km/h) and by August 31, it reached hurricane status. Significant deepening occurred during the next 30 hours, with Donna being a moderate Category 4 hurricane by late on September 2. Thereafter, it weakened some and brushed the Lesser Antilles later that day.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna
On Saint Maarten, the storm left a quarter of the island homeless and killed 7 people. An additional 5 deaths were reported in Anguilla and there were 7 other deaths throughout the Virgin Islands. In Puerto Rico, severe flash flooding led to 107 fatalities, 85 of them in Humacao alone. Donna further weakened to a Category 3 hurricane late on September 5, but eventually became a Category 4 hurricane again. While passing through The Bahamas, several small island communities in the central regions of the country were leveled, but no damage total or fatalities were reported.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna
Early on September 10, Donna made landfall near Marathon, Florida on Vaca Key with winds of 140 mph (230 km/h), hours before another landfall between Fort Myers and Naples at the same intensity. Florida bore the brunt of Hurricane Donna. In the Florida Keys, coastal flooding severely damaged 75% of buildings, destroyed several subdivisions in Marathon. On the mainland, 5,200 houses were impacted, which does not include the 75% of homes damaged at Fort Myers Beach; 50% of buildings were also destroyed in the city of Everglades. Crop losses were also extensive.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna
A total of 50% of grapefruit crop was lost, 10% of the orange and tangerine crop was lost, and the avocado crop was almost completely destroyed. In the state of Florida alone, there were 13 deaths and $300 million in losses. Donna weakened over Florida and was a Category 2 hurricane when it re-emerged into the Atlantic from North Florida. By early on September 12, the storm made landfall near Topsail Beach, North Carolina with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h).


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna
Donna brought tornadoes and wind gusts as high as 100 mph (155 km/h), damaging or destroying several buildings in Eastern North Carolina, while crops were impacted as far as 50 miles (80 km) inland. Additionally, storm surge caused significant beach erosion and structural damage Wilmington and Nags Head. There were 8 deaths and over 100 injuries. Later on September 12, Donna reemerged into the Atlantic Ocean and continued to move northeastward. The storm struck Long Island, New York late on September 12 and rapidly weakened inland. On the following day, Donna became extratropical over Maine.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six
For several days, a weak low pressure area moved across the tropical Atlantic, which organized into a tropical storm on September 1 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles. That day, peak winds were estimated at 45 mph (75 km/h), based on reports from ships and the Hurricane Hunters. The storm moved northward and weakened. On September 3, the system was absorbed by an approaching cold front. The storm was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 2016.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel
A trough was located over the Gulf of Mexico on September 8, which interacted with a weakening cold front to produce a low pressure area, and eventually a tropical depression on September 12. On the next day, the system intensified into Tropical Storm Ethel, which began a period of rapid intensification a day later. By late on September 14, Ethel reached peak winds of 115 mph (185 km), presenting a well-defined eye.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel
Operationally, the Hurricane Hunters estimated winds of 160 mph (260 km/h), making Ethel a Category 5 hurricane, although a reanalysis in 2016 downgraded Ethel to a Category 3. Cooler air caused a period of rapid weakening, and Ethel moved ashore near Pascagoula, Mississippi with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). The storm gradually weakened after moving inland, before eventually dissipating over southern Kentucky on September 17.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel
In Louisiana, the outer bands of the storm produced light rainfall and hurricane-force winds, though no damage was reported in that state. Offshore Mississippi, rough seas inundated Horn Island and split Ship Island. Tropical storm force winds in the southern portion of the state littered broken glass, trees, and signs across streets in Pascagoula, as well as down power lines, which caused some residents to lose power. In Alabama, winds damaged beach cottages along the Gulf Coast, and damaged crops in the southern portion of the state.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel
Although large amounts of rain fell in the extreme western portions of Florida, peaking at 12.94 inches (329 mm) in Milton, no flooding occurred in Florida. A lightning strike to a power station near Tallahassee caused a brief citywide blackout. The storm spawned four tornadoes in Florida, one of which destroyed 25 homes. Outside the Gulf Coast of the United States, rain fell in eight others states, but no damage is known to have occurred. Overall, Ethel caused one fatality and $1.5 million in losses.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence
A westward moving tropical wave developed into a tropical depression while located north of Puerto Rico on September 17. By the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Florence. Later on September 18, Florence peaked as a 45 mph (75 km/h) tropical storm as it approached The Bahamas. However, unfavorable conditions weakened the storm back to a tropical depression on September 19. On September 21, Florence lost its surface circulation, and the disturbance executed a small cyclonic loop over Cuba.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence
On September 23, the system redeveloped its surface center, and it became a tropical depression again, moving ashore Monroe County, Florida that day. The storm drifted northeastward across the state, re-intensifying into a tropical storm and reaching winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). The storm turned back to the west-northwest and weakened again to a tropical depression. Florence moved across the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, moving ashore again near the Alabama-Florida border on September 26, and dissipating soon after.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence
On Grand Bahama, 5.48 inches (139 mm) of rain fell in only 6 hours. The storm dropped rainfall across Florida, though the heavier amounts were mainly on the Atlantic coast. Precipitation peaked at 15.79 inches (401 mm) near Fellsmere, while rainfall reached 10 inches (250 mm) in some areas of the Miami metropolitan area. Although Florence was a depression at landfall, sustained winds between 35 and 40 mph (56 and 64 km/h) were recorded in Ocean Ridge, while a gust as high as 52 mph (84 km/h) was reported in Vero Beach. In Jacksonville, a pressure gradient combined with Florida to produce tides of 2 to 3 feet (0.61 to 0.91 m) about normal.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names
The following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1960. Storms were named Abby and Donna for the first time in 1960. Following the season, the name Donna was retired, replaced with Dora. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.


1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects
The following table lists all of the storms that have formed in the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s) (in parentheses), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1960 USD.


1960 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1960 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 69th overall and 27th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph "Shug" Jordan, in his tenth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2 overall, 5–2 in the SEC).


1960 Australian Championships
The 1960 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Milton Courts, Brisbane, Australia from 22 January to 1 February. It was the 48th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 5th held in Brisbane, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Rod Laver and Margaret Smith.


1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Singles
Rod Laver defeated  Neale Fraser  5–7, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6, 8–6


1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles
Rod Laver /  Bob Mark defeated  Roy Emerson /  Neale Fraser 1–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4


1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles
Maria Bueno /  Christine Truman defeated  Lorraine Robinson /  Margaret Smith 6–2, 5–7, 6–2


1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles
Jan Lehane /  Trevor Fancutt defeated  Mary Carter Reitano /  Bob Mark 6–2, 7–5


1960 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
Third-seeded Rod Laver defeated Neale Fraser 5–7, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6, 8–6 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1960 Australian Championships.


1960 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Rod Laver is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1960 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
Seventh-seeded Margaret Smith defeated Jan Lehane 7–5, 6–2 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1960 Australian Championships. This was Smith's 1st of a record 24 Grand Slam titles.


1960 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Margaret Smith is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1960 Australian Drivers' Championship
The 1960 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of Formula Libre cars. The title was contested over a seven race series with the winner awarded the 1960 CAMS Gold Star. It was the 4th Australian Drivers' Championship.


1960 Australian Drivers' Championship
The series was won by Alec Mildren of the Australian Capital Territory, driving his Maserati powered Cooper T51. Mildren won four of the seven races, including the 1960 Australian Grand Prix at Lowood and placed second at Longford to finish 14 points ahead of Bib Stillwell (Cooper T51-Climax). Stillwell and third placed driver Bill Patterson (Cooper T51-Climax) each won one race, at Port Wakefield and Phillip Island respectively, as did Jack Brabham, who won at Longford in his Cooper T51-Climax.


1960 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points system
Championship points were awarded on a 12-7-5-3-2-1 basis for the first six places at each race, with only Australian license holders eligible. The championship was decided using the results of the Australian Grand Prix and the best five of the other six races.


1960 Australian GT Championship
The 1960 Australian GT Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing title for drivers of cars complying with Appendix K Gran Turismo regulations. The title, which was the inaugural Australian GT Championship, was contested over a single 50-mile race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales on 2 October 1960.


1960 Australian GT Championship
The championship was won by Leo Geoghegan driving a Lotus Elite.


1960 Australian Grand Prix
The 1960 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at Lowood in Queensland, Australia on 12 June 1960. The race had 16 starters.


1960 Australian Grand Prix
It was the twenty fifth Australian Grand Prix. Alec Mildren won his only AGP, which was also the second AGP victory for a rear-engined racing car. Mildren eschewed the more usual Coventry Climax FPF engine in favour of a Maserati sports car unit to power his Cooper T51, one of many competitors at the time who tried sports car engines in racing car chassis. Davison's Aston Martin DBR4 too had a sports car engine replacing the 2.5-litre powerplant, this being 3.0 litre unit from a DBR1.


1960 Australian Labor Party leadership election
A leadership ballot in the Australian Labor Party, the opposition party in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 7 March 1960. It followed the retirement of previous leader H. V. Evatt. Calwell received 42 votes to Reg Pollard's 30 in a caucus ballot. Future Prime Minister Gough Whitlam would defeat Eddie Ward to become Calwell's deputy.


1960 Australian Labor Party leadership election
This marked the first time that the party elected a new leader which wasn't triggered by the death of an incumbent leader since the retirement of former Prime Minister James Scullin as leader in 1935.


1960 Australian Touring Car Championship
The 1960 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for drivers of Appendix J Touring Cars. The title, which was the inaugural Australian Touring Car Championship, was contested over a single 20 lap, 75 mile race held on 1 February 1960 at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit near Orange in New South Wales. The race was the first to be run under Appendix J Touring Car regulations, ushering in a new era that would last until January 1965 when CAMS replaced Appendix J with Group C for Improved Production Touring Cars.


1960 Australian Touring Car Championship
The championship was won by David McKay driving a Jaguar Mark 1 3.4 Litre.


1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
This, the first Australian touring car race to be run under a set of national regulations which defined a level of modification, was dominated by the three Jaguar Mark 1 drivers. The journalist racer David McKay, remembered for his efforts promoting racing cars and sports cars with his Scuderia Veloce team, claimed the racing achievement he is best remembered for, in a touring car race.


1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
A single day of practice was held on Sunday, 31 January, with the fastest lap times from official practice used to set the grid for the race the following day. McKay set the fastest lap time of 2:40 to take pole position, with Bill Pitt and Ron Hodgson, also in Jaguars, setting times of 2:41 and 2:42 respectively to line up second and third on the grid. Later in the day, Hodgson set a lap time of 2:39 in unofficial practice. Multiple cars, including the three Jaguars, suffered overheating problems during the day, while Hodgson also had gearbox troubles with the car jumping out of gear. Roy Sawyer blew an engine which was rebuilt overnight.


1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
Hodgson led away from the start, getting the jump on McKay and Pitt, with the three Jaguars quickly pulling away from the rest of the field. All three drivers missed their brake markers going into Windsock Corner on lap 1, with Hodgson running wide and McKay and Pitt both spinning. This gave Hodgson a lead heading into lap 2 but McKay caught him halfway through the lap. Hodgson again left his braking too late at Windsock, allowing McKay, Pitt and several other cars through. By the time Hodgson restarted his car, he was around one minute down on McKay and Pitt. Hodgson was able to regain third place within the next lap, leaving Max Volkers in fourth while Ian Geoghegan led a battle for fifth until blowing a head gasket.


1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
By lap 14, McKay had a lead of 26 seconds over Pitt, while rain was beginning to fall over the circuit. Sawyer spun his car coming over the crest at Connaghans Corner, hitting the inside bank and rolling. Jack van Schaik narrowly missed Sawyer's car while Ken Miller scraped his roof on one of Sawyer's bumpers. Des West stopped to help Sawyer escape the car while the driver of a Ford Zephyr had also stopped, their car blocking the track. After helping Sawyer, West burned his hands while restarting his own car.


1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race
McKay was able to slow safely as he approached the scene but was forced to use his car to move the stationary Zephyr out of the way. This allowed Pitt to close the gap and he took the lead when McKay spun on the following lap. However, the overdrive mechanism in Pitt's car began to fail and McKay was able to retake the lead with two laps remaining. McKay led to the finish, six seconds ahead of Pitt, with Hodgson more than a minute behind. Volkers was the best of the rest, finishing one lap down in fourth place.


1960 Australian Tourist Trophy
The 1960 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race for sports cars, staged at the Longford Circuit in Tasmania, Australia on Monday, 7 March 1960. It was the fourth in a sequence of annual Australian Tourist Trophy races, with each of these being recognized by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian Championship for sports cars.


1960 Australian Tourist Trophy
The race was won by Derek Jolly driving a Lotus 15.


1960 BC Lions season
The 1960 BC Lions finished the season in fourth place in the W.I.F.U. with a 5–9–2 record. Coming off of last season's success, the fan attendance continued to be strong, with most games close or over 30,000 fans per game. However, due to inconsistent quarterbacking from Jim Walden and Randy Duncan, the Lions failed to make the playoffs in consecutive seasons.


1960 BC Lions season
On the bright side, running back Willie Fleming made the All-Star team with a team record 1,051 yards rushing for an astounding 8.4 yards per carry average. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers continued their dominance over the Lions, sweeping all four games and improving their all time mark to 24–4 versus BC.


1960 BC Lions season
The Lions changed their uniforms to a primarily Black scheme for the first time and introduced a "1930s-style" winged football helmet design.


1960 BC Lions season, 1960 CFL Awards
Neal Beaumont won the CFL Rockie of the Year Award. The trophy at that time was known as the Dr. Beattie Martin Trophy.


1960 BRDC International Trophy
The 12th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 14 May 1960 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 50 laps of the Silverstone Grand Prix circuit, and was won by British driver Innes Ireland in a Lotus 18. The race was marred by the death of experienced American driver Harry Schell in a violent accident during practice in wet conditions.


1960 BRDC International Trophy
The field also included several Formula Two cars. They were the Coopers of Denis Hulme, Tony Marsh, John Campbell-Jones, Tim Parnell and Chris Bristow.


1960 BYU Cougars football team
The 1960 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second and final season under head coach Tally Stevens, the Cougars compiled a 3–8 record (2–5 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 207 to 102.


1960 BYU Cougars football team
The team's statistical leaders included Bud Belnap with 285 passing yards and Jack Gifford with 254 rushing yards, 138 receiving yards, and 18 points scored.


1960 Balaclava by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Balaclava on 16 July 1960. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP Percy Joske. A by-election for the seat of Bendigo was held on the same day.


1960 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1960 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Jim Freeman, the team compiled a 3–5 record and tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the ICC.


1960 Ballon d'Or
The 1960 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Luis Suárez on 13 December 1960.


1960 Baltimore Colts season
The 1960 Baltimore Colts season was the eighth for the team in the National Football League. The season started well for the Colts going 6 to 2. The team looked like they would win their third straight championship. Then in a game on Dec. 4th against the Detroit Lions, star running back Alan Ameche tore his Achilles tendon and missed the final two games. The injury ended his career. With Ameche out, the Colts ended the season losing their last three games, for a total of four consecutive losses. Their record was 6 wins and 6 losses. The team went from first to fourth place in the Western Conference. As a result, their two-year reign as NFL champions came to an end.


1960 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1
Johnny Unitas extends his record TD-a-game string to 38 with a scoring pass to Raymond Berry. Lenny Moore rammed 4 yards for a touchdown, and Steve Myhra kicked 28 and 18-yard field goals as the Colts began their challenge (unsuccessfully at the end) for a 3rd straight World Championship.


1960 Baltimore Colts season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Baltimore Orioles season
The 1960 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing second in the American League with a record of 89 wins and 65 losses, eight games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees, it was their first winning season since moving to Baltimore in 1954.


1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to Baseball Hall of Fame for 1960 followed a system established after the 1956 election. The Veterans Committee was meeting only in odd-numbered years (until 1962). The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players, and as had been the case in 1958, elected no one. For the third time, the induction ceremonies in Cooperstown, New York, were canceled because there was no one to induct. This would be the last time until 2021 that no one was selected for induction to the Hall.


1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1930 or later, but not after 1954. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.


1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Voters were instructed to cast votes for up to 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. A total of 134 players received votes; 269 ballots were cast, with 202 votes required for election. A total of 2,288 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.51 per ballot.


1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Candidates who were eligible for the first time are indicated here with a dagger (†). Candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.


1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Copies of the 1958 and 1960 ballots are not available, reportedly listing "about 400" and 237 players, respectively. Eight candidates may have received votes for the first time who were previously eligible: Miller, White, Kress, Crowder, Danning, Keltner, Walberg, and Zachary (in table order). The votes for Ralph Kiner may have been write-ins; he played until 1955 and should have been ineligible. Lefty Grove received six votes despite the fact that he had already been elected to the Hall of Fame, in 1947.


1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The next ballot for 1962 did not include a list of names. Twenty-six candidates who received at least one vote in 1960 may have been eligible for the final time: Edd Roush, Hank Gowdy, Bucky Harris, Dave Bancroft, Joe Sewell, Nick Altrock, Joe Judge, Howard Ehmke, Eddie Rommel, Wally Schang, Cy Williams, Bob Meusel, Joe Dugan, Babe Herman, Lew Fonseca, Mike González, Marty McManus, Jack Quinn, Bill Sherdel, Sparky Adams, Ray Blades, Heinie Groh, Bubbles Hargrave, Addie Joss, Freddy Leach and Hans Lobert.


1960 Basutoland general election
General elections were held in Basutoland in 1960 after a new Constitution was approved by the British authorities in September 1959. The public elected nine District Councils with a total of 162 members on 20 January. The District Councils subsequently elected 40 members of the National Council, with a further 14 members nominated by Moshoeshoe II, 22 members drawn from principal and ward chiefs and four members from among senior government officials.


1960 Basutoland general election
Voter turnout was very low, with just 35,000 of the 191,000 registered voters taking part in the election. The new National Council was opened on 12 March.


1960 Bathurst 100
The 1960 Bathurst 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 18 April 1960. The race was contested over 26 laps at a total distance of approximately 100 miles and it was Round 2 of the 1960 Australian Drivers' Championship.


1960 Bathurst 100
The race was won by Alec Mildren driving a Cooper T51 Maserati.


1960 Baylor Bears football team
The 1960 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Bears were led by second-year head coach John Bridgers and played their home games at Baylor Stadium in Waco, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing in second and ranked 12th in the final AP Poll with a regular season record of 8–2 (5–2 SWC). They were invited to the 1960 Gator Bowl, where they lost to Florida, 12–13.


1960 Belgian Congo general election
General elections were held in the Belgian Congo on 22 May 1960, in order to create a government to rule the country following independence as the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Léopoldville), scheduled for 30 June. The 137-seat Chamber of Deputies was elected by men over the age of 21. The seats were filled by district-based lists, although only two parties, the Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba (MNC-L) and the Parti National du Progrès, submitted lists in more than one district.


1960 Belgian Congo general election
The MNC-L, led by Patrice Lumumba, won the most seats and Lumumba was confirmed as Prime Minister by Parliament after forming a coalition that included the Parti Solidaire Africain, Centre de Regroupment Africain and other parties. Voter turnout was 81.8%.


1960 Belgian Congo general election
Following the election, an 84-seat Senate was elected by Provincial Assembly members, and the two chambers elected Joseph Kasa-Vubu of ABAKO as President after some days of turmoil.


1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo
Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century. King Leopold II of Belgium, frustrated by Belgium's lack of international power and prestige, attempted to persuade the Belgian government to support colonial expansion around the largely unexplored Congo Basin. The Belgian government's ambivalence about the idea led Leopold to eventually create the colony on his own account, achieving international recognition for  the Congo Free State in 1885.


1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo
By the turn of the century, however, the violence of Free State officials against indigenous Congolese and the ruthless system of economic extraction had led to intense diplomatic pressure on Belgium to take official control of the country, which it did in 1908, creating the Belgian Congo. The colony was divided into six provinces: Léopoldville, Équateur, Orientale, Kivu, Kasaï, and Katanga. The city of Léopoldville was designated as the capital in 1923.


1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo
Belgian rule in the Congo was based around the "colonial trinity" (trinité coloniale) of state, missionary and private company interests. The privileging of Belgian commercial interests meant that capital sometimes flowed back into the Congo and that individual regions became specialised. The country was split into nesting, hierarchically organised administrative subdivisions, and run uniformly according to a set "native policy" (politique indigène). As early as the 1920s, the Congo possessed one of the densest colonial regimes in Africa.


1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo
The administration was heavily involved in the life of the Congolese; Belgian functionaries (government civil servants) closely monitored and enforced agricultural production, provided medical services to many residents, and frequently toured even the most rural territories to oversee their subjects. There was also a high degree of racial segregation between the native and white populations, the latter of which grew considerably after the end of World War II due to immigration from Europe.


1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity
During the latter stages of World War II a new social stratum emerged in the Congo, known as the évolués. Forming an African middle class in the colony, they held skilled positions (such as clerks and nurses) made available by the economic boom. While there were no universal criteria for determining évolué status, it was generally accepted that one would have "a good knowledge of French, adhere to Christianity, and have some form of post-primary education." Early on in their history, most évolués sought to use their unique status to earn special privileges in the Congo.


1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity
Since opportunities for upward mobility through the colonial structure were limited, the évolué class institutionally manifested itself in elite clubs through which they could enjoy trivial privileges that made them feel distinct from the Congolese "masses". Additional groups, such as labour unions, alumni associations, and ethnic syndicates, provided other Congolese the means of organisation. Among the most important of these was the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO), representing the Kongo people of the Lower Congo. However, they were restricted in their actions by the administration. While white settlers were consulted in the appointment of certain officials, the Congolese had no means of expressing their beliefs through the governing structures. Though native chiefs held legal authority in some jurisdictions, in practice they were used by the administration to further its own policies.


1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity
Up into the 1950s most évolués were concerned only with social inequalities and their treatment by the Belgians. Questions of self-government were not considered until 1954, when ABAKO requested that the administration consider a list of suggested candidates for a Léopoldville municipal post. That year the association was taken over by Joseph Kasa-Vubu, and under his leadership it became increasingly hostile to the colonial authority and sought autonomy for the Kongo regions in the Lower Congo.