1959 Utah State Aggies football team
The 1959 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach John Ralston, the Aggies compiled a 5–6 record (2–5 against Skyline opponents), finished in a three-way tie for fifth in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 185 to 181.


1959 VFA season
The 1959 Victorian Football Association season was the 78th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club after it defeated Coburg in the Grand Final on 10 October by 35 points. It was Williamstown's tenth premiership, taking it past Footscray to become the club with the most premierships won in VFA history, a title it held until it was passed by Port Melbourne in 1976; it was also the fifth of five premierships won in six seasons between 1954 and 1959, and the club's fourth consecutive minor premiership.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership
Prior to 1959, the Prahran Football Club was expelled from the Association for failing to meet the minimum home ground requirements, and was replaced by the Sunshine Football Club. As such, the Association membership numbers remained constant at 16.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
Throughout its history, the Prahran Football Club had played its home matches at Toorak Oval, which it leased throughout the winter from the City of Prahran. At the time, each Association club played a Seconds match on its home venue on weekends when the Firsts team was playing away – the modern practice of playing Seconds games as curtain-raisers to Firsts games was not established until 1980.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
On 4 March 1959, the Prahran Council announced that it was seeking tenders to let Toorak Oval to a separate sporting body on alternate weekends during winter – such that the Prahran First Sixteen would play its home matches there, and another sport would be played there when the Prahran Firsts were playing away.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
The Council was primarily seeking to improve its financial return on the venue: it cost the city £2,000 to maintain and operate the ground annually, and it received only £60 from the football club in rent for the entire winter, and the gate takings from Seconds matches were meagre; but, it received comparatively enormous offers of £440 from the Jugoslav United Soccer Team and £660 from the Victorian Rugby Union to lease the ground on alternate Saturdays during winter.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
This was not the first time that other codes had made attempts to share occupancy of Association venues; in 1954, the Prahran council had turned down an offer of £800 from J.U.S.T. to lease Toorak Oval on alternate weekends, and Hakoah made unsuccessful attempts to share the Camberwell Sports Ground with Camberwell in 1955 and 1956.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
The potential to lose access to Toorak Oval for Seconds games was a problem for the Prahran Football Club, because the VFA constitution included a requirement that all clubs' Firsts and Seconds must play their matches on the same home ground on alternate weekends – with the exception of Brighton, which had a decades-long arrangement to share Elsternwick Park with the Elsternwick Amateur Football Club. On 6 March, the Association confirmed that it would expel Prahran if it could not meet these requirements.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
The Association's hardline approach was based on a slippery slope argument, that allowing one council to seek a more lucrative deal for alternate Saturdays would result in all councils eventually taking the same action; access to better venues would be a fillip for rugby, soccer and other sports which were in direct competition with the Association, and would therefore be detrimental to the Association's long-term popularity and viability.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
In two weeks of negotiations, the council offered the Prahran Seconds the use of Como Park, and offered to provide temporary fencing to bring the venue to Association standards; and alternatively suggested that the Prahran Seconds could play a curtain-raiser to the successful bidder – but the Association rejected both suggestions. The Prahran Football Club also increased its own offer to the council from £60 to £175 to lease the ground for the entire winter.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran
On 16 March, the Prahran Council formally agreed to lease Toorak Oval to the Victorian Rugby Union on alternate Saturdays, and the Association Board of Management unanimously agreed to expel Prahran. The Association made clear that it would welcome Prahran back as soon as it was able to secure a ground for the entire winter, and the club ultimately came to an agreement with the council in October 1959, with rent of £100 per year; as such, Prahran's expulsion lasted only for the 1959 season. Prahran spent the 1959 season in the Metropolitan League, and won its premiership. Permission was given for Prahran's players to be cleared to other clubs in Melbourne, under a gentlemen's agreement that they be cleared back to Prahran when the club was re-admitted to the Association.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Admission of Sunshine
With Prahran expelled from the Association, the Sunshine Football Club lodged an application to replace it. Sunshine's application was first reported on 24 March, and was accepted unanimously by the remaining members of the Association on 27 March. The Association had made overtures to a club based in Sunshine as early as the central ground dispute of 1934, and the club had actively been seeking admission to the Association for the previous eight years.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Admission of Sunshine
Sunshine was a large club in a strong growth area of Melbourne's west, which operated two teams in the Metropolitan League and three teams in the Footscray District League and had more than 200 registered players. It was runner-up in the Metropolitan League in 1958. It played its home games at Selwyn Park, which was up to Association standard and had a recently built £20,000 pavilion.


1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Admission of Sunshine
Sunshine's playing uniform in the Metropolitan league consisted of blue and white hoops, identical to Moorabbin's guernsey. The clubs were not drawn to play each other until late in the season, so Sunshine played in its hoops until July, when it switched to a navy blue guernsey with a white yoke, and plain blue socks.


1959 VFA season, Rule changes
The Association reduced the number of players on the field from eighteen per side to sixteen per side from the 1959 season; the two wingmen were the positions eliminated from the game under the new system. Each team also had two reserve players. The change lasted for 33 seasons; it was not until 1992 that the Association returned to the national standard eighteen-a-side rules. The Association had previously played sixteen-a-side between 1912 and 1918.


1959 VFA season, Premiership
The home-and-home season was played twenty weeks. As in 1958, the clubs were split into a north-of-the-Yarra section and a south-of-the-Yarra section for the fixturing: in the first fourteen rounds, each club played home-and-home against the other seven clubs in its section; then, each club played against clubs from the opposite section over the final six rounds. The clubs were arranged into a single combined ladder including both northern and southern teams, and the top four clubs then contested a finals series under the Page–McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.


1959 VFL Grand Final
The 1959 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1959. It was the 63rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1959 VFL season. The match, attended by	103,506 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 37 points, marking that club's tenth premiership victory.


1959 VFL Grand Final
This was Melbourne's sixth successive Grand Final appearance. It was the second time in three years in which the two teams met in a Grand Final, with Melbourne also having won the 1957 VFL Grand Final.


1959 VFL season
The 1959 Victorian Football League season was the 63rd season of the elite Australian rules football competition.


1959 VFL season, Premiership season
In 1959, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.


1959 VFL season, Premiership season
Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 7.


1959 VFL season, Premiership season
Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1959 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system.


1959 VFL season, Consolation Night Series Competition
The night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the season.


1959 VMI Keydets football team
The 1959 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team won the Southern Conference championship.


1959 VPI Gobblers football team
The 1959 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.


1959 VPI Gobblers football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1959 football team according to the roster published in the 1960 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.


1959 Valdostan regional election
The Valdostan regional election of 1959 took place on 17 May 1959.


1959 Valdostan regional election
The Valdostan Union sought a revenge for the previous election, it allied with the left and won.


1959 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1959 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Commodores were led by head coach Art Guepe in his seventh season and finished the season with a record of five wins, three losses and two ties (5–3–2 overall, 3–2–2 in the SEC).


1959 Venezuelan Primera División season
The 1959 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 5 teams. The national champions were Deportivo Español.


1959 Vermont Catamounts football team
The 1959 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 4–3 record.


1959 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1959 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The head coach was Frank Regan who left the team after the first four games of the season and Joseph Rogers finished the season. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.


1959 Viqueque rebellion
The 1959 Viqueque rebellion was an uprising against the Portuguese rule in the southeastern part of East Timor. It was concentrated in the remote regions of Uatolari and Uatocarbau. It was an anti-colonial rebellion against the Portuguese, who had been the colonial masters of East Timor since the sixteenth century. The rebellion is significant in East Timorese history because it was the only rebellion that erupted after World War II.


1959 Viqueque rebellion
For the longest time, due to lack of information and research, there were speculations and assumptions made about the origins of the rebellion which focus more on external factors, like the role of Indonesia. However, in the last decade, there has been more research done that has helped to illuminate this part of East Timor's history and it has also highlighted the agency of the East Timorese for participating in the rebellion.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Background
During World War II, the Axis Powers of Germany and Italy rampaged across Europe but Portugal was spared because it had declared its neutrality. Japan, who was also an Axis Power, was causing anxiety among the Dutch, Portuguese and Australian governments in Asia as they were speedily taking over colonies in parts of Southeast Asia. However, the Portuguese governor wanted East Timor to remain neutral. As a result, 400 Dutch and Australian troops were sent to East Timor in defiance of the Portuguese governor's protests of neutrality.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Background
The Australians deployed the troops as they viewed Timor as a buffer and it was imperative that the Japanese do not take over Timor. Soon enough, the Japanese landed in Dili, the capital of East Timor, on 19 February 1942. There was fierce fighting but eventually, the Japanese was able to take over the entire island. In 1945, the war finally came to an end, with the Japanese surrendering and withdrawing from the island. The effects of the war on East Timor were devastating. Dili and other villages were badly damaged due to Allied bombing, and the occupying forces.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Background
In terms of human cost, ‘Portuguese Timor suffered far worse than any other South-East Asian country occupied by the Japanese.’ The Japanese imposed forced labour and ruthless appropriation of whole harvests, which led to many Timorese dying of famine and other diseases. In short, East Timor was in shambles by the end of the war.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 – 1959), Politics
Unlike in other parts of Southeast Asia, the Japanese Occupation of East Timor did not spark the start of Timorese nationalism. It also did not result in many Timorese organizing anti-colonial movements or collaborating with the Japanese to achieve independence once the Japanese had triumphed over the Allies. While in other parts of Southeast Asia, the colonizers had to contend with nationalist leaders and groups fighting or negotiating for independence from them as part of this global shift towards decolonization. In East Timor, the Portuguese were doing the opposite, they were re-asserting their authority.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 – 1959), Politics
Hence, an authoritarian type of government was re-introduced, which mirrored the Portuguese fascist government that had been in power since 1930. In 1950, as part of Portugal's desire to project a different international image, all Portuguese colonies including East Timor were no longer called colonies but ‘overseas provinces.’ The change in name did not result in a loosening of the repressive regime. As in pre-war days, the Portuguese governor was in charge of Timor but there was also a Timorese system of hierarchy where power was in the hands of the liurai (chief).


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 – 1959), Economy
The war was a catastrophe for the East Timorese economy as infrastructure and plantations were now in ruins. To make matters worse, Portugal was economically weakened by the war in Europe. Moreover, the Marshall Plan, which was an aid programme by the United States of America (USA) to assist European countries to rebuild their economies, was not extended to Portugal. In addition, as Portugal was still a fascist state, the other Western European countries were reluctant to have any dealings with it.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 – 1959), Economy
Due to the lack of funds from Portugal and the fact that the Timorese were too poor to be taxed, the governor had to rely on forced labour that was arranged by the liurai to rebuild roads, buildings and bridges that had been destroyed. Overall, from 1945 till 1959, the Portuguese spent most of whatever funds they were allocated on rebuilding the capital, and the rest was divided between developing the interior and the agriculture sector. The latter did see improvements that helped to avert a famine. In 1952, funds were also channelled for the first liceu (middle school), which was set up in Dili, and four years later to a vocational school that was started. In short, the Portuguese developed East Timor's economy at a ‘snail’s pace’.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion
On 27 March 1958, a group of fourteen Indonesian men from a separatist movement known as Permesta (Total Struggle) fled from Kupang, West Timor, after being defeated by the Indonesian central government. They landed in the East Timor enclave of Oecussi and asked the Portuguese government for political asylum which was duly granted and they were sent to live in the Baucau area with a daily subsidy. After four months, four of the Indonesians were sent to Viqueque where they made friends with Jose Manuel Duarte, who was a mestizo (mixed blood) Timorese civil servant in the Weather Service.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion
They also made friends with Amaro Loyola Jordao de Araujo, who was a Timorese retired Treasury employee. Concurrently, Luis ‘Xina’ da Costa Rego, a young Chinese-Timorese driver for the Agriculture Department based in Dili, was spearheading a growing civil servant conspiracy against the Portuguese administration. He managed to convince Antonio da Costa Soares, known as ‘Antonio Metan’, who was a descendant from the liurai Afaloicai, a kingdom at the foothills of Mount Matebian along the Baucau-Viqueque border.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion
Luis Xina convinced Antonia Metan that there was a colony-wide plot to hold all members of the Portuguese government hostage and demand that Lisbon create a new government. For this plan to succeed, it would require the assistance of everyone in East Timor. The Viqueque plot was championed by Gerson Pello, one of the Indonesian exiles. He promised Luis Xina that there would be Indonesian support for their cause in ‘vague and grandiose terms’. This in turn influenced Luis Xina's plan.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion
However, in late May 1959, the Dili plot was uncovered by the Portuguese who swiftly apprehended the conspirators: Luis Xina, Joao ‘Chiquito’ Pereira da Silva – a nurse from Manatuto, and Jose ‘Zeca’ de Sousa Gama of Laga on 1 June 1959 and several family members of Antonio da Costa Soares were arrested and killed by dumping in the Bebui river. They were under arrest because they were suspected of planning a colony-wide rebellion on New Year's Eve. The Portuguese authorities also suspected that the Indonesian Consul, Nazwar Jacub, was in a leadership position in the rebellion. However, they were unable to find any evidence to connect Nazwar to the plot. Most of the evidence that was uncovered was circumstantial, for example, his mail order for a large quantity of photographic equipment, and his friendship with the Indonesian exiles.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion
Over the next few days, the ‘overzealous’ Portuguese police commander, Sergeant Manual Da Camara arrested dozens of people. Arrests were made based on little more than the mention of a name during interrogations. Force was used to extract confessions from the accused. The suspects who were arrested came from a wide variety of backgrounds. Some were educated and working in places like the Post and Telegraph, the Indonesian Consul and the bank, and others were illiterate farmers or just unemployed friends of civil servants. The most shocking arrest was Francisco Araujo, who was a distinguished member of the Concelho do Governo (Council of Government).


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion
On the evening of 6 June, the Dili authorities alerted Administrator Artur Ramos in Viqueque to arrest Antonio Metan, as his name was mentioned during the interrogations. Artur Ramos ordered the cipaios (indigenous police) to arrest Antonio Metan. After being captured by the cipaios, Antonio Metan thought of an excuse to buy time and save his life. He told the cipaios that he needed to collect a suit from his friend's house. When they agreed to let Antonio Metan to retrieve his suit, he immediately alerted Gerson Pello and the other conspirators that the plot had been discovered by the Portuguese. At this point, the rebellion began in Viqueque.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion
On 7 June, Pello dispatched another Indonesian exile to accompany Antonio Metan back to Uatolari. As a symbolic gesture, Antonio Metan asked the chief cipaio to lower the Portuguese flag and cut the telegraph lines. At Viqueque town, the Indonesian exiles, group of civil servants and coconut plantation workers wanted to raid the district administration building to seize the weapons and use them against the Portuguese authorities. Their second objective was to hold the administrator and his family hostage. They were successful in getting the weapons but the administrator, his family and his assistant were able to escape in a jeep. When the administrator reached Ossu, he telephoned the Portuguese at Baucau and Dili to inform them about the situation at Viqueque.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion
With the weapons they had seized, their next step was to advance to Uatocarbau to gather more supporters, then to Baguia and finally to Laga on the north coast where the Portuguese suspected they would rendezvous with their Indonesian accomplices. When the rebels reached Baguia, the Portuguese had managed to send reinforcements to Baguia in time. The Portuguese troops and a truck with a machine gun mounted on it were waiting for them.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion
The rebels had to take over a fort but as the weapons and ammunition they had seized from the administrator's building were too antiquated, they were inadequate for the task. The rebels dispersed upon contact with the Portuguese troops by hiding in the jungle or in the mountains. Those who revealed themselves by either surrendering or fighting were killed by the Portuguese.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion
To clear the area of the rebels, the Portuguese invited troops from the highland Makassae from Ossu and Venilale and Tetun-speakers from Viqueque town to attack Uatolari. The invaders looted everything of value, including rice, livestock and clothes. The administrator of Lautem, also invited people from Baguia, Iliomar and Lospalos to form parties to help put down the rebellion and mete out punishment. The rebellion finally ended on 14 June, estimates of the number of people who died in the rebellion vary between 160 and 1000.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Aftermath
The fifty-eight Timorese rebels who were captured by the Portuguese were exiled from East Timor. On 30 September 1959, a Portuguese-owned passenger ship called the India docked at Dili, picked up the rebels and departed on 6 October 1959. The rebels were exiled to Angola, Mozambique and Portugal.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Aftermath
Nine out of the fourteen Indonesian exiles who were in East Timor during the rebellion were returned to Indonesia in the mid 1960s, one of them was shot dead during the rebellion and the remaining four were deported to Lisbon.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Aftermath
In East Timor, after order had been restored, security was tightened with the Portuguese opening a branch of the Policia Internacional e da Defesa do Estado (PIDE) which was the Portuguese secret police. There were increased military and surveillance activities on Timorese both at home and abroad to ensure that subversive elements did not undermine the regime.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
The origins of the rebellion have been a hotly debated topic ever since the rebellion occurred. Due to the lack of media coverage of the rebellion and first-hand accounts surrounding the rebellion, there have been speculation and assumptions made about the origins of the rebellion. From the late 1970s to mid 2000s, the debates about the origins of the rebellion were focused on the degree of involvement of Indonesia in fomenting the rebellion. In 1978, one of the first books that were written in the English language about the history of East Timor was published. It was written by Jill Jolliffe and titled East Timor: Nationalism and Colonialism. Jolliffe is unsure about the identity of the fourteen Indonesians but acknowledges that they were the main instigators of the rebellion who "apparently encouraged the Timorese there to attack Portuguese posts at Uatolari and Uato Carabau."


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
In 1991, John G. Taylor's book Indonesia's Forgotten War: The Hidden History of East Timor was published. Taylor identifies the fourteen Indonesians as originating from southeast Sulawesi and was involved in a regional rebellion against the Indonesian government. They were allowed to settle in East Timor by the Portuguese, thereafter, they allied themselves with local groups who were against Portuguese rule and who wanted unification of Indonesia with East Timor. The fourteen Indonesians tried to mobilize local discontent with the aim of rebuilding their base in East Timor. Furthermore, they were indisputably assisted by the Indonesian Consul in Dili and supporters in Kupang, West Timor, who agreed to supply weapons. Therefore, from Taylor's perspective, this shows that there was some level of support from the Indonesian government for the ‘integrationist lobby’ in East Timor.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
In 1978 there was another book written by Bill Nicol called Timor: The Stillborn Nation' which was republished in 2002 with a different title, Timor: A Nation Reborn. In the 2002 book, Nicol identifies the fourteen Indonesians as part of a movement known as Permesta from Sulawesi who were in Timor to instigate a rebellion to overthrow the Portuguese. They wanted to create an independent East Timor which could function as a base for an independence movement for eastern Indonesia.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
In 2006, there was a notable change in focus on what were the origins of the rebellion. That year Geoffrey C. Gunn published a book chapter titled,  “Revisiting the Viqueque (East Timor) Rebellion of 1959,”  also accessible online as an unpublished manuscript  . For Gunn, the fourteen Indonesians that took part in the rebellion were part of a secessionist movement but they were not central to the fomenting of rebellion in 1959. Instead, it was the Indonesian Consul in Dili who was the mastermind. However, Gunn does not apportion all the blame on the Indonesian Consul for the rebellion, his work is also an attempt at establishing the motivations of the East Timorese in wanting to participate in the rebellion by analysing their background.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
In 2007, Janet Gunter wrote an article Communal Conflict in Viqueque and the ‘Charged’ History of '59, that sheds light on the role of the East Timorese in the rebellion. Gunter identifies the fourteen Indonesians as just people who were fleeing from Kupang, where the Indonesian authorities were launching a crackdown on a separatist movement. In terms of the role of these fourteen Indonesians, Gunter situates them as one of the groups of active participants; they were not the main instigators.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
The other groups of active participants in the rebellion were the disgruntled civil servants and minor royalty from the Uatolari and Uatocarbau subdistricts. In Gunter's article, she gives agency to the East Timorese by articulating the reasons for their involvement in the rebellion. For the disgruntled civil servants like Jose Manuel Duarte, they were unhappy that they had no opportunities for advancement in the civil service and that they were treated with disrespect. The minor royalty like Antonio Metan were motivated by perceived corruption in Uatolari.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
They believed the acting subdistrict head was pocketing a large share of their salaries that were being paid by the Australian firm Timor Oil, which was surveying for oil. Besides these grievances, they were also dissatisfied with issues that were affecting the ordinary Timorese like heavy taxation and a lack of schools.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
This shift in the debate about the origins of the rebellion can be attributed to the increasing availability of sources surrounding the rebellion as well as the context in which the writers were writing their works. When Jolliffe published her book in 1978, East Timor had been annexed by Indonesia in 1975 and was under the occupation of the Indonesians. Furthermore, there was a paucity of sources which was due to the lack of attention that the world paid to East Timor in the 1950s which resulted in few international press agencies reporting on the rebellion.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
Jolliffe's account relied on few sources and she made several assumptions about the role of the fourteen Indonesians without hard evidence. In 1991, when Taylor published his book, East Timor was still under Indonesian rule and it was in 1991 that the Santa Cruz massacre happened – 200 unarmed students were killed by Indonesian forces. Taylor also had the same difficulty with sources.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
He only relied on two questionable sources – an interview by one of the Timorese rebel leaders and an affidavit that was submitted to the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General by a leader of the pro-Indonesian party who claimed that the 1959 Viqueque rebellion was sponsored by the Indonesian government through bribes given to the Timorese. In addition, Taylor also made assumptions about the Indonesian exiles receiving help from the Indonesian Consul.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
By the mid 2000s, East Timor had attained independence, after the 1999 UN-sponsored referendum in 1999 allowed the Timorese to decide if they wanted to continue to be part of Indonesia or be independent. 78.5% of Timorese voted for an independent East Timor. With East Timor opening up to the world, there was greater interest in researching about East Timor's history. It was in this context that Gunn and Gunter created their works which used sources that were different from those used by Jolliffe and Taylor.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins
Gunn and Gunter accessed the Portuguese archives and they also used colonial police documents that were compiled by PIDE agents. An important source that both used was the ‘memorandum’ by Jose Manuel Duarte in 1968 which was essentially a criticism of the entire Portuguese colonial system. Gunter went one step further by interviewing the East Timorese who witnessed the 1959 Viqueque rebellion. Therefore, Gunn and Gunter used the same sources to give a different perspective about the rebellion but both shifted the debate from the role of the Indonesians to the role of the East Timorese.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy
After the rebellion was crushed, it was largely forgotten by the Portuguese authorities and considered a failure and a tragedy. When East Timor was about to become independent due to a peaceful revolution in Portugal that signaled the end of the fascist regime. There was a group of Timorese who had returned from exile that did not believe that East Timor could survive as an independent country and they did not trust the Portuguese as well.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy
Instead they favoured Indonesian intervention in East Timor and they formed a new political party called Associacao Popular Democratica Timorense (APODETI) or Timorese Popular Democratic Association. APODETI party members saw the tremendous change that was happening in East Timor as a chance to elevate their historical importance. They began to tell their version of the 1959 Viqueque rebellion but without the Indonesian exiles and promoted some prominent individuals like Antonio Metan. All this was done to portray themselves to the Timorese that they were the first legitimate Timorese political actors, even before the formation of Frente Revolucionaria de Timor Leste Independence (Fretilin) or Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor and Uniao Democratica Timorense (UDT) or Timorese Democratic Union.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy
In 1975, just before the invasion, Fretilin detained some APODETI supporters and after the invasion, Fretilin leaders executed hundreds of detainees, Antonio Metan was one of them. Since then, Antonio Metan's role in the 1959 Viqueque rebellion and his pro-integration stance of 1975 was ‘retrospectively associated’. Once Indonesia had taken over East Timor, they began to use the 1959 Viqueque rebellion narrative as proof of an early movement for the integration of East Timor with Indonesia. Indonesia attempted to draw this link when in April 1999, militia leader Eurico Guterres, Anotnio Metan's nephew, created the Viqueque militia and they named the group 59/75. By doing so, they concretised the link between the rebellion and the pro-Indonesia side.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy
However, when East Timor became fully independent in 2002 after an election which was won by Fretilin, they began to emphasize on East Timor's nationalist character and 450-year resistance to colonial rule. Fretilin associated themselves with other rebellions that had happened in East Timor's history, including the 1959 Viqueque rebellion. Hence, by doing so, Fretilin is also linking the 1959 rebellion to them by saying that they are the natural leaders of East Timor's roads towards independence.


1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy
The 1959 Viqueque rebellion has been appropriated by both APODETI and Fretilin for political reasons and by doing so they have taken the rebellion out of its context. The rebellion had nothing to do with integrating with Indonesia, nor was the rebellion nationalist in character as claimed by Fretilin. Essentially, the rebellion was the result of apathy and mismanagement by the Portuguese in the post-war era that resulted in a harsh living environment that proved too much for the East Timorese. They were assisted by the fourteen Indonesian exiles that happened to be in East Timor at that time.


1959 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1959 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by second-year head coach Dick Voris and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last. Virginia finished without a win and extended their losing streak to 18 games.


1959 Volta a Catalunya
The 1959 Volta a Catalunya was the 39th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 September to 13 September 1959. The race started in Montjuïc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Salvador Botella.


1959 Vuelta a España
The 14th Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 24 April to 10 May 1959. It consisted of 17 stages covering a total of 3,048 km (1,894 mi), and was won by Antonio Suárez. Suárez also won the mountains classification while Rik Van Looy won the points classification.


1959 WANFL season
The 1959 WANFL season was the 75th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.


1959 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
The 1959 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 6–4 record and finished in a tie for fourth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.


1959 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
Quarterback Norm Snead and end Pete Manning were selected by the Associated Press and United Press International as first-team players on the 1959 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team. Snead later played 16 seasons in the NFL and was a four-time All-Pro selection. Guard Nick Patella was selected to the All-ACC team by the UPI.


1959 Walker Cup
The 1959 Walker Cup, the 17th Walker Cup Match, was played on 15 and 16 May 1959, at Muirfield, Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. The United States won by 9 matches to 3. The United States won all four of the foursomes matches on the first day. Although Great Britain and Ireland won three of the singles matches on the second day, it was a comfortable win for the United States.


1959 Walker Cup, Format
Four 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.


1959 Walker Cup, Teams
Great Britain & Ireland had a team of 10 plus a non-playing captain. Gerald Micklem was selected as the non-playing captain in November 1958 at which time an initial group of 14 possible players was also announced. The team was announced on 15 April and included James Walker with Dickson Smith as the reserve. Later in April Walker withdrew after being involved in a car accident which left him with a knee injury. He was replaced in the team by Smith. A few days later Alan Thirlwell and Sandy Saddler were chosen as first and second reserves but were not required.


1959 Walker Cup, Teams
The United States only selected a team of 9, which included a playing captain. The team was selected in early February. The American team arrived in Scotland on 8 May.


1959 Walker Cup, Friday's foursomes
Deane Beman was left out of the United States team, while David Marsh and Dickson Smith were left out of British and Irish team. After the morning round Patton and Coe were 9 holes up but the other three matches were close, with Hyndman and Aaron 2 holes up and Great Britain and Ireland leading by 1 hole in the other two matches, Conditions were more difficult in the afternoon, with a stronger breeze. Patton and Coe won their match easily but the other three matches remained close. In the end, however, the United States won the first two matches by one hole while Wettlaufer and Nicklaus won at the 35th hole.


1959 Walker Cup, Saturday's singles
For the singles Dickson Smith replaced Arthur Perowne while Deane Beman replaced Bud Taylor. This meant that David Marsh was not selected for any matches.


1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum
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1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum
A referendum on becoming an overseas territory was held in Wallis and Futuna on 27 December 1959. The proposal was approved by 94.37% of voters. Every voter on Wallis voted in favour, whilst all but three of the votes against the proposal were cast in the Futuna Islands. (There were expatriates who voted while in New Caledonia and the New Hebrides.)


1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum
The islands were and have continued to be part of France. At the time, they were a French protectorate. A year and a half after the referendum — on 29 July 1961, the islands officially became an overseas territory. They have since changed status again, becoming an overseas collectivity in 2003.


1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum, Results
Do you want the Wallis and Futuna Islands to become an integral part of the French Republic as an overseas territory?


1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum, Results
(Original: Désirez-vous que les îles Wallis et Futuna fassent partie intégrante de la République française sous la forme d'un territoire d'outre-mer ?)


1959 Washington Huskies football team
The 1959 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played on campus in Seattle at Husky Stadium.


1959 Washington Huskies football team
In its third season under head coach Jim Owens, Washington was 9–1 in the regular season and 3–1 in the Athletic Association of Western Universities, one of three co-champions of the five-team AAWU (Big Five) in its inaugural year. The Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) had disbanded in the spring, and the AAWU consisted of the four teams from state of California and the Huskies. The other four PCC teams from the north (Oregon, Oregon State, Washington State, and Idaho) were independent for several years. (Washington defeated all four this season.) The Cougars joined the league in 1962 and the Oregon schools in 1964; it was later renamed the Pacific-8 Conference.


1959 Washington Huskies football team
Led on the field by junior All-American quarterback Bob Schloredt, the Huskies started the season unranked and gained the Rose Bowl berth. Eighth-ranked, they were a 6½-point underdog to the #6 Wisconsin Badgers (7–2), the champions of the Big Ten. On New Year's Day in Pasadena, Washington jumped out to a 17–0 lead in the first quarter and won in a 44–8 rout to finish the season at 10–1. The Rose Bowl victory was the first for a West Coast team in seven years, and only the second since the end of World War II; the loser both times was Wisconsin.


1959 Washington Huskies football team
Washington outscored its opponents 253 to 73, and outside the sole loss to USC, they allowed no more than twelve points in each of their other ten games, with four shutouts. The final rankings in this era were released in early December, at the end of the regular season and prior to the bowl games.


1959 Washington Huskies football team, Professional football draft selections
No University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft, which lasted twenty rounds with 240 selections. or in the inaugural 1960 AFL Draft, which lasted thirty-three rounds with 264 selections.


1959 Washington Redskins season
The 1959 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 28th season in the National Football League  The team failed to improve on their 4–7–1 record from 1958 and finished 3-9.


1959 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1959 Washington Senators season
The 1959 Washington Senators won 63 games, lost 91, and finished in eighth place in the American League, 31 games behind the AL Champion Chicago White Sox in their penultimate season in The Nation's Capital. They were managed by Cookie Lavagetto and played home games at Griffith Stadium.


1959 Washington Senators season, Regular season
On September 7, Ron Samford hit a home run in the last at bat of his career.


1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1959 Washington State Cougars football team
The 1959 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jim Sutherland, the Cougars compiled a 6–4 record and outscored their opponents 177 to 121.


1959 Washington State Cougars football team
The team's statistical leaders included Mel Melin with 526 passing yards, Keith Lincoln with 670 rushing yards, and Gail Cogdill with 531 receiving yards. The Cougars had only three home games this season: one in Spokane and two on campus in Pullman.


1959 Washington State Cougars football team
This was the first season after the disbandment of the Pacific Coast Conference, and the first as "Washington State University." After three years as an independent, WSU became the sixth member of the AAWU in 1962.


1959 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft
Two Cougars were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft, which was twenty rounds (240 selections).


1959 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1959 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 59th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.


1959 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
On 7 February 1960, Mount Sion won the championship after a 5-05 to 5-04 defeat of Erin's Own in the final. This was their 15th championship title overall and their seventh title in succession.


1959 Wellington City mayoral election
The 1959 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1959, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1959 Wellington City mayoral election, Background
The right-leaning Citizens' Association ticket spent the three years since the last election resolving their candidate selection controversy with the intention of re-uniting themselves and their supporters to win back the mayoralty. Ernest Toop was once again chosen to contest the position. Despite having a clean run this time he was unable to defeat Labour's popular Frank Kitts.


1959 Wellington City mayoral election, Background
The election also saw the debut of a new local body ticket. The Independent United Action Group stood ten council candidates under the leadership of Saul Goldsmith, though all polled poorly. It was the first time a separate ticket had been set up to challenge the long dominant Citizens' and Labour tickets.


1959 West German presidential election
An indirect presidential election (officially the 3rd Federal Convention) was held in West Germany on 1 July 1959. For the first time in the Federal Republic, the incumbent president, Theodor Heuss, was not eligible for reelection. In the buildup to the election, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer initially declared his candidacy, but then withdrew for political reasons. The Christian Democratic Union instead nominated Heinrich Lübke. The Social Democrats nominated Carlo Schmid who had been the party's caucus chair at the Parliamentary Council. The Free Democratic Party nominated the chair of its Bundestag caucus, Max Becker. Like the first contested presidential election ten years prior, it took two rounds to determine a winner. Heinrich Lübke fell two vote short of the absolute majority in the first round, winning the election with 526 votes in the second.


1959 West German presidential election, Composition of the Federal Convention
The President is elected by the Federal Convention consisting of all the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of delegates representing the states. These are divided proportionally by population to each state, and each state's delegation is divided among the political parties represented in its parliament so as to reflect the partisan proportions in the parliament.


1959 West German presidential election, Composition of the Federal Convention
Source: Eine Dokumentation aus Anlass der Wahl des Bundespräsidenten am 18. März 2012


1959 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1959 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.


1959 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 21 March 1959 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The result was a hung parliament—the two-term Labor government, led by Premier Albert Hawke, was defeated with an average swing against it of about 7 per cent, but the Liberal-Country Party coalition, led by Opposition Leader David Brand, won exactly half of the seats, and needed the support of at least one of the two Independent Liberal members to obtain a majority in the Assembly. The situation remained precarious throughout the term—while Bill Grayden joined the LCL the following year, giving the Coalition a one-seat majority, the other Independent Liberal, Edward Oldfield, joined the Labor Party.


1959 Western Australian state election, Results
Western Australian state election, 21 March 1959Legislative Assembly << 1956–1962 >>


1959 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team
The 1959 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team represented Western Michigan University in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Broncos played their home games at Hyames Field. The team was coached by Charlie Maher in his 21st year at Western Michigan.


1959 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team
The Broncos won the District IV playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Fresno State Bulldogs.


1959 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 1959 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Merle Schlosser, the Broncos compiled a 4–5 record (3–3 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents, 185 to 116. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.


1959 Western Michigan Broncos football team
Guard Dick Olmsted was the team captain. Offensive guard Clarence Cheatham received the team's most outstanding player award.


1959 Western North Carolina 500
The 1959 Western North Carolina 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on August 16, 1959, at Asheville-Weaverville Speedway in Weaverville, North Carolina. This event took place after the 1959 Nashville 300; which was set at Nashville Speedway (now Fairgrounds Speedway) in Nashville, Tennessee.


1959 Western North Carolina 500
From 1949 to 1972, Richard and Lee Petty were the most dominant drivers on any circuit in NASCAR. David Pearson was easily the third most dominant NASCAR driver. Buck Baker and Rex White were considered to be the middle-of-the road competitors in NASCAR from 1949 to 1972. Fonty and Tim Flock along with Herb Thomas, Joe Weatherly, Ned Jarrett, and Bobby Isaac were considered to be below-average performers during the early years of NASCAR.


1959 Western North Carolina 500
The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power any more.


1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report
There were 42 American-born drivers who competed at this event; all of them were Caucasian males since Wendell Scott didn't make his introduction into NASCAR until the next decade. There were 500 laps on this race that took almost three and a half hours to resolve. Brownie King was the last-place finisher in this race due to trouble with his fan belt on lap 44.


1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report
A lot of engine problems emerged within the first 100 laps in addition to faulty spindles, decaying axles, and one crash involving Richard Petty on the 281st lap. While Rex White would zoom into the pole position driving at speeds up to 77.687 miles per hour (125.025 km/h) during solo qualifying runs, Bob Welborn in a 1959 Chevrolet convertible would defeat Lee Petty in a 1959 Plymouth hardtop vehicle by three laps averaging speeds up to 71.633 miles per hour (115.282 km/h). Welborn would go winless after this race until he retired after the running of the 1964 Pennsylvania 200 in New Oxford, Pennsylvania.


1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report
A lot of Chevrolets, Thunderbirds, and Ford vehicles participated in this race. These vehicles were considered to be the quintessential vehicles own during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The only problems with fuel occurred when G.C. Spencer ran out of gas on lap 463. Bill Scott and Dominic Persicketti were the typical example of maverick stock car drivers who drove during the days when it was affordable for the daring to go without a sponsor. All the inside starters were hardtops while all the outside starters were convertibles.


1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report
Benny Rakestraw would make his grand exit from top-level NASCAR racing after this event while Chuck Tombs and Layman Utsman would make their introductions here.


1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report
Notable crew chiefs for this race were Shorty Johns, Mario Rossi and Jess Potter. Potter was also the owner of Brownie King's vehicle while Rossi took care of Tom Pistone's vehicle while in the pits. Shorty Johns was also listed as the owner of Bobby Johns' vehicle.


1959 Whitehaven by-election
The Whitehaven by-election of 18 June 1959 was held after the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Frank Anderson on 25 April the same year. The seat was retained by Labour.


1959 Wichita Shockers football team
The 1959 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its third and final season under head coach Woody Woodard, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record (1–2–1 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place out of five teams in the MVC, and outscored opponents by a total of 181 to 161. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.


1959 Wightman Cup
The 1959 Wightman Cup was the 31st edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held in Edgeworth, Pennsylvania in the United States.


1959 William & Mary Indians football team
The 1959 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The September 26th contest against the #13 Naval Academy marked the inaugural game in the brand new Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, which replaced Thompson Stadium as the location for all of Navy's future home games. William & Mary lost the game, 2–29.


1959 Wimbledon Championships
The 1959 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 22 June until Saturday 4 July 1959. It was the 73rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1959.


1959 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles
Roy Emerson /  Neale Fraser defeated  Rod Laver /  Bob Mark, 8–6, 6–3, 14–16, 9–7


1959 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles
Jeanne Arth /  Darlene Hard defeated  Beverly Fleitz /  Christine Truman, 2–6, 6–2, 6–3


1959 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles
Rod Laver /  Darlene Hard defeated  Neale Fraser /  Maria Bueno, 6–4, 6–3


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' Singles
Toomas Leius defeated Ronnie Barnes in the final, 6–2, 6–4 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' Singles
Joan Cross defeated Doris Schuster in the final, 6–1, 6–1 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles
Sven Davidson and Ulf Schmidt were the defending champions, but decided not to play together. Davidson partnered with Staffan Stockenberg but lost in the first round to Jean-Noël Grinda and Jean-Claude Molinari. Schmidt competed with Jan-Erik Lundqvist but lost in the first round to Roger Becker and Bob Howe.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles
Roy Emerson and Neale Fraser defeated Rod Laver and Bob Mark in the final, 8–6, 6–3, 14–16, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championship.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles
Alex Olmedo defeated Rod Laver in the final, 6–4, 6–3, 6–4, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships. Ashley Cooper was the defending champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles
Bob Howe and Lorraine Coghlan were the defending champions, but Coghlan did not compete. Howe partnered with Sally Moore but lost in the quarterfinals to Bob Mark and Jeanne Arth.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles
Rod Laver and Darlene Hard defeated Neale Fraser and Maria Bueno in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles
Maria Bueno and Althea Gibson were the defending champions, but Gibson was ineligible to compete after turning professional. Bueno partnered with Janet Hopps but lost in the first round to Beverly Fleitz and Christine Truman.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles
Jeanne Arth and Darlene Hard defeated Fleitz and Truman in the final, 2–6, 6–2, 6–3 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles
Sixth-seeded Maria Bueno defeated Darlene Hard in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships. Althea Gibson was the reigning champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional.


1959 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1959 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season
The 1959 Winnipeg Blue Bombers finished in 1st place in the WIFU division with a 12–4 record. The Blue Bombers repeated as Grey Cup champions, having defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats once again to win the 47th Grey Cup.


1959 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, Regular season, Schedule
1 Actual game was won by Saskatchewan 37–30 but was immediately forfeited under CFL rules; the Roughriders had no healthy quarterback and resorted to suiting up their coach, Frank Trupicka, who as an American national was ineligible to be added to the roster at such a late date in the season.


1959 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 1959 Wisconsin Badgers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In its fourth season under head coach Milt Bruhn, Wisconsin compiled a 7–3 record (5–2 in Big Ten, first), won the Big Ten championship, but lost to underdog Washington in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day.


1959 Women's British Open Squash Championship
The 1959 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 20–26 February 1956. Janet Morgan announced that she was to retire on medical advice after the 1959 Championship; she duly won an incredible tenth consecutive title defeating Sheila Macintosh (née Speight) for the fourth successive year in the final. Later in the year Morgan retired and married becoming Janet Bisley and the following year Macintosh would finally have the chance to compete without having to play Morgan.


1959 Women's Western Open
The 1959 Women's Western Open was contested from August 13–16 at Ranier Golf & Country Club. It was the 30th edition of the Women's Western Open.


1959 World Archery Championships
The 1959 World Archery Championships was the 20th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Stockholm, Sweden in August 1959 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA). It marked the first win in a run of 13 successive championship wins for the United States men's team.


1959 World Fencing Championships
The 1959 World Fencing Championships were held in Budapest, Hungary.


1959 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.


1959 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1959 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.


1959 World Modern Pentathlon Championships
The 1959 World Modern Pentathlon Championships were held in Hershey, United States.


1959 World Series
The 1959 World Series featured the National League champion Los Angeles Dodgers beating the American League champion Chicago White Sox,  4–2. Each of the three games played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum drew record crowds, Game 5's attendance of 92,706 continues to be a World Series record to this day, and one which cannot feasibly be broken in any modern ballpark.


1959 World Series
It was the first pennant for the White Sox in 40 years (since the 1919 Black Sox Scandal). They would have to wait until their world championship season of 2005 to win another pennant. The Dodgers won their first pennant since moving from Brooklyn in 1958 by defeating the Milwaukee Braves, 2–0, in a best-of-three-games pennant playoff. It was the Dodgers' second World Series victory in five years, their first in Los Angeles, and marked the first championship for a West Coast team.


1959 World Series
It was the first World Series in which no pitcher for either side pitched a complete game.


1959 World Series
As Vin Scully remarked in his narration for the official World Series film, "What a change of scenery!" This was the only Fall Classic played during the period from 1949 through 1964 in which no games were played in New York City, breaking the streak of the city that documentary filmmaker Ken Burns later called the era's "Capital of Baseball".


1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers
After finishing seventh in 1958, the Dodgers rebounded in 1959. The National League pennant race was a season-long three-way battle between the Dodgers, the two-time defending N.L. champion Milwaukee Braves and the San Francisco Giants. The Dodgers never led by more than two games (and that was at the end of a tie-breaker) and never trailed by more than five. On September 20, the Dodgers completed a three-game sweep in San Francisco so that, with five games to play, they had a  1⁄2 game lead on the Braves and a one-game lead over the Giants.


1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers
Going into the final day, the Dodgers and Braves were tied for first and the Giants were 1 1⁄2 games back; the Giants needed to sweep a doubleheader from the Cardinals and have the Dodgers and Braves both lose to force a three-way tie. But the Dodgers won in Chicago 7–1 and the Braves won at home against the Phillies 5–2; this made the fact that the Giants lost both games of their doubleheader irrelevant.


1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers
In Game 1 of the best-of-three playoff in Milwaukee, the Dodgers took a 3–2 lead in the top of the sixth inning. Dodger reliever Larry Sherry then retired 12 of the last 13 Braves hitters to secure the win.


1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers
Games 2 and 3 (if necessary) were scheduled for Los Angeles. In Game 2, the Dodgers trailed 5-2 in the ninth inning, but rallied to tie the game with five singles and a sacrifice fly. In the top of the 11th, the Braves loaded the bases with two out, but Stan Williams got pinch hitter Joe Adcock to ground out to end the threat. In the bottom of the 12th, Gil Hodges drew a walk with two out and nobody on. Joe Pignatano singled Hodges to second. Carl Furillo hit a ground ball to shortstop Félix Mantilla; Mantilla's throw to first base was in the dirt and skipped past Frank Torre, allowing Hodges to score all the way from second with the pennant-clinching run.


1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, White Sox
Managed by Al López, the White Sox were built on pitching, speed and defense. Nicknamed the "Go-go Sox", they were last in the A.L. in home runs but led the league in stolen bases, fielding percentage, and lowest team ERA. They battled the Cleveland Indians for the American League pennant, and after a close race, the White Sox built a 6 1⁄2 game lead in early September. The Indians could get no closer than 3 1⁄2 games, and when the White Sox beat Cleveland 4–2 on September 22, they clinched the pennant with three games to play. The White Sox were only the second team besides the Yankees to win the A.L. pennant between 1949 and 1964 inclusive; the other was the 1954 Indians, also managed by Al López.


1959 World Series, Summary
NL Los Angeles Dodgers (4) vs. AL Chicago White Sox (2)


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
Historic Comiskey Park hosted a crowd of 48,103 that included Hollywood's Joan Crawford and Orson Welles and 1952 and 1956 presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II in the first championship game in 40 years for the White Sox as well as the first postseason game in Chicago in 14 years. On the pitching mound, Early Wynn of the White Sox faced Roger Craig of the Dodgers. After scoring twice in the first inning on back-to-back RBI singles by Ted Kluszewski and Sherm Lollar after a walk and single, the Sox pounded across seven runs in the third.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
Nellie Fox doubled with one out and scored on Jim Landis's single before Kluszewski's two-run home run knocked Craig out of the game. Lollar reached second on an error off of Chuck Churn and scored on Billy Goodman's single. Then RBI doubles by Al Smith and Early Wynn and fielder's choice by Jim Rivera aided by two more errors made it 9–0 White Sox. Ted Kluszewski's second home run of the game off of Churn next inning capped the game's scoring as the Sox routed the Dodgers 11–0.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
Game 2 featured Bob Shaw of the White Sox face Johnny Podres of the Dodgers. Once again, the Sox jumped out to a quick 2–0 lead in the first inning on Ted Kluszewski's RBI groundout with runners on first and third followed by Sherm Lollar's RBI single. In the fifth, Charlie Neal homered for the first Dodger run of the series. Chuck Essegian's two-out home run tied the game tied 2–2 in the seventh, then after a walk, Neal hit his second home run of the day to put the Dodgers ahead for the first time, 4–2.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
During a Sox uprising in the eighth against Larry Sherry, Al Smith doubled to left with two men on, cutting the lead to 4–3. However, Sherm Lollar was thrown out by a mile at the plate trying to score due to Wally Moon faking a catch that fooled Lollar. Sherry pitched a perfect ninth to notch a save and give the Dodgers the win.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
In contrast to the crowd of 36,528 for the tie-breaker playoff game at the Los Angeles Coliseum, 92,394 showed up for the first World Series game ever played on the West Coast. Dick Donovan faced off against the host team's Don Drysdale in Game 3. Six scoreless innings were thrown by the two, with Donovan giving up only one hit. However, Donovan would load the bases in the seventh inning on two walks and a single before being replaced by Gerry Staley. A single by Carl Furillo scored two runs.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
Drysdale allowed two singles and Larry Sherry hit a batter to load the bases with no outs in the eighth, but gave up just a run on Al Smith's double play. The Dodgers got that run back in the bottom half when Maury Wills hit a leadoff single off of Gerry Staley and scored on Charlie Neal's double. Sherry shut down the Sox in the ninth as the Dodgers won, 3–1 despite being outhit 12–5. The White Sox stranded 11 runners and were 0–for–7 with them in scoring position.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
Early Wynn and Roger Craig faced off against each other once again before a crowd of 92,650. Wynn was knocked out by a four-run Dodger third inning. Wally Moon singled with two outs and scored on Norm Larker's single. Larker, who moved to second on an error, scored on Gil Hodges's single. Hodges moved to third on a Don Demeter single and scored on a passed ball, then John Roseboro's RBI single capped the inning's scoring.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
The Sox tied the game in the seventh on Ted Kluszewski's RBI single with two on followed by Sherm Lollar socking a three-run home run, but Gil Hodges blasted one over the fence in the next inning off of Gerry Staley to give the Dodgers a 5–4 lead, then Larry Sherry pitched a scoreless ninth to put the Dodgers a win away from the World Series championship.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
A record-breaking crowd of 92,706 turned out, a majority hoping to celebrate a Los Angeles championship. For the first time in World Series history, however, three pitchers combined for a shutout, as Bob Shaw, Billy Pierce and Dick Donovan quieted the Dodgers and their fans 1–0 in Game 5, sending the series back to Chicago. The game's only run scored in the fourth off starter Sandy Koufax, coming when Nellie Fox scored as Lollar grounded into a double play. To date, this remains the largest crowd in World Series history.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
The victory in Game 5 gave the Sox hope, heading back home to a "real ballpark," as opposed to L.A.'s converted football stadium. But the change in scenery was no help. Early Wynn started with only two days rest, and after surrendering two runs in the third inning on Duke Snider's home run after a walk, the Dodgers broke open the game with six more in the fourth. Norm Larker hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Maury Wills's single. Wills scored on Johnny Podres's double to knock Wynn out of the game.


1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Dick Donovan walked Jim Gilliam before allowing a two-run double to Charlie Neal and two-run home run to Wally Moon to make it 8–0 Dodgers. Starter Podres was also knocked out in the fourth by Chicago's last gasp, another towering three-run home run by the hottest Sox hitter, Ted Kluszewski, after a walk and hit-by-pitch. In the ninth inning, Chuck Essegian set a World Series record with his second pinch-hit home run of the Series off of Ray Moore, and the Dodgers captured their first championship as a Los Angeles team. Relief pitcher Larry Sherry (who earned the win in relief, finished with a 2–0 record on two saves and allowed one run in 122⁄3 innings) was voted Most Valuable Player of the Series.


1959 World Series, Composite line score
1959 World Series (4–2): Los Angeles Dodgers (N.L.) over Chicago White Sox (A.L.)


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
The Dodgers found an unlikely hero when Chuck Essegian, who hit only one home run in 1959 and had only six in his career to that point, set a World Series record with two pinch-hit home runs.


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
Due to the best-of-three N.L. playoff, Game 1 was deferred from Wednesday, September 30, to Thursday, October 1. The normal travel days were retained between Games 2 and 3, and Games 5 and 6, resulting in the rare event of a Series with no Saturday game scheduled.


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
This was the first World Series to draw more than 400,000 fans.


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
Larry Sherry of the Dodgers was the fifth consecutive pitcher to win the World Series Most Valuable Player Award (in only the fifth year it was awarded), following Johnny Podres (Brooklyn, 1955), Don Larsen (New York, 1956), Lew Burdette (Milwaukee, 1957), and Bob Turley (New York, 1958). Sherry, who had been born with club feet, finished all four games the Dodgers won, winning two and saving two. His brother Norm was the Dodgers' backup catcher.


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
Although he was not voted MVP, Dodger second baseman Charlie Neal batted .370 for the Series, and his two-homer performance in Game 2 came after Chicago's pitching had held L.A. scoreless for 13 consecutive innings.


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
Ted Kluszewski played for the losing "Pale Hose" but still managed to drive in a World Series record-tying ten runs, joining Yogi Berra, who drove in ten in the 1956 World Series. "Big Klu" did so in just six games, and his 10 RBIs in the 1959 World Series remain a record for a 6-game World Series, as Berra's 10 RBIs in 1956 came in a 7-game World Series. (However, Bobby Richardson would break the record for RBIs in a World Series, regardless of length, the next year with 12 against the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1960 World Series.)


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
The Dodgers became the second National League team to win a World Series after relocating (the 1957 Milwaukee Braves being the first).


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
The Dodgers became the first team to go from 7th place in one season to World Champion the next.


1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics
The 1959 World Series was the last one for Comiskey Park, and the only one for Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The White Sox would move into Guaranteed Rate Field, originally "New Comiskey", in 1991; the Dodgers would move into Dodger Stadium in 1962. This was the most recent World Series to host the final World Series games of both its host venues, a "distinction" it lost to the 2003 World Series after the original Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 Major League Baseball season and the Florida Marlins moved out of Sun Life Stadium after the 2011 season.


1959 World Shotgun Championships
The 1959 World Shotgun Championships were held in Cairo, Egypt, the United Arab Republic.


1959 World Sportscar Championship
The 1959 World Sportscar Championship was the seventh FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was a series for sportscars that ran in many worldwide endurance events. It ran from 21 March 1959 to 5 September 1959, and comprised five races, following the 1000 km Buenos Aires being removed from the calendar, although the race did return in 1960.


1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The championship comprised five qualifying rounds; the 12 Hours of Sebring, the Targa Florio run over 1000 km, the Nürburgring 1000 km, the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and the RAC Tourist Trophy run over 6 hours.


1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season
At the Sebring 12 Hours in Florida, the Scuderia Ferrari scored a 1-2 with Porsche filling the next three places. Aston Martin sent a single DBR1, as a favour to the organisers, in the hands of Salvadori and Shelby but it retired early in the race. Porsche dominated the Targa Florio  winning with the little Porsche 718 RSK whilst 2-3-4 places were filled by other Porsche models. Meanwhile, the works Ferraris all retired. Aston Martin missed the event as back in England, David Brown of Aston Martin had initially ruled against a World Championship challenge, on financial grounds.


1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season
But, Stirling Moss wangled one DBR1/300 works car to win the Nürburgring 1000 km, with Jack Fairman beating the Hill/Gendebien Ferrari by over 40 seconds with the best placed Porsche in fourth. At Le Mans, the Astons of Roy Salvadori/Carroll Shelby and Maurice Trintignant/Paul Frère finished one-two!. The works Ferrari Testa Rossas all retired as did the works Porsches leaving privately entered Ferrari 250GTs to complete the minor placings. So David Brown’s company simply had to field a full three-car team in what had become the title-deciding race, the RAC Tourist Trophy. Despite setting fire to their race leading car during a schedule refuelling stop, the sister car of Shelby/Fairman/Moss took victory and saw Aston Martin become the first British manufacturer ever to win the FIA World Sportscar Championship.


1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Championship
† - Ferrari declared second due to having the same number of wins, one, and second places, one, as Porsche but having two 3rd-place finishes to Porsche's one.


1959 World Sportscar Championship, The cars
The following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Dortmund from March 27 to April 5, 1959.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles was the 25th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ichiro Ogimura and Teruo Murakami won the title after defeating Ladislav Štípek and Ludvík Vyhnanovský in the final by three sets to two.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles was the 25th edition of the men's singles championship.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Jung Kuo-tuan defeated Ferenc Sidó in the final, winning three sets to one to secure the title.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 25th edition of the men's team championship.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
Japan won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-1 in the final. China and South Vietnam won bronze medals after elimination from the semi final round.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles was the 25th edition of the mixed doubles championship.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
Ichiro Ogimura and Fujie Eguchi defeated Teruo Murakami and Kimiyo Matsuzaki in the final by three sets to nil.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles was the 24th edition of the women's doubles championship. Taeko Namba and Kazuko Ito-Yamaizumi defeated Fujie Eguchi and Kimiyo Matsuzaki in the final by three sets to nil.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles was the 25th edition of the women's singles championship. Kimiyo Matsuzaki defeated Fujie Eguchi in the final by three sets to one, to win the title.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
The 1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 18th edition of the women's team championship.


1959 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
Japan won the gold medal, South Korea won the silver medal and China won the bronze medal.


1959 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1959 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Warsaw, Poland from September 29 to October 4, 1959. There were 85 men in action from 19 nations.


1959 World Weightlifting Championships
The Soviet Union earned the most gold medals (4) and the most overall medals (7). Host nation Poland finished second with one gold and five overall medals.


1959 World Weightlifting Championships
Four World Records were broken: in 82.5 kg category, Rudolf Plyukfelder of the Soviet Union set two new world records in the snatch (141 kg) and the total (457.5 kg), while Ireneusz Paliński of Poland set a new world record in the clean & jerk (178.5 kg). Plyukfelder's total would have also won the 90 kg category.


1959 World Weightlifting Championships
In the 90+ kg category, Yury Vlasov of the Soviet Union broke the world record in the snatch (153 kg).


1959 World Wrestling Championships
The 1959 World Freestyle Wrestling Championship were held in Tehran, Iran.


1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Bob Devaney, the Cowboys compiled a 9–1 record (7–0 against Skyline opponents), won the Skyline Conference championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 287 to 62. The Cowboys were not ranked during the season, but after the season concluded they were ranked No. 16 in the final AP Poll.


1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The Cowboys ranked fourth out of 112 teams in major college football in scoring offense with an average of 28.7 points per game. They also ranked fifth in scoring defense, allowing an average of 6.2 points per game.


1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The team's statistical leaders included Jim Walden with 882 passing yards, Jerry Hill with 579 rushing yards and 50 points scored, and Dick Hamilton with 245 receiving yards. Jim Walden went on to play in the Canadian Football League for the BC Lions, Calgary Stampeders, and Edmonton Eskimos. Jerry Hill played 10 seasons in the National Football League with the Baltimore Colts.


1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team
Two players were named to the 1959 All-Skyline Conference team: guard Len Kuczewski; and quarterback Jim Walden.


1959 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1959 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulldogs were led by eighth-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 6–3 record.


1959 anti-American riots in Panama
The 1959 anti-American riots in Panama happened during the celebration of Panamanian independence on November 3, 1959. Demonstrations started that day as Panamanians were influenced by former foreign minister Aquilino Boyd, who threatened a "peaceful invasion" of the American-controlled Panama Canal Zone, to raise the flag of the republic there as tangible evidence of Panama's sovereignty over the territory.


1959 anti-American riots in Panama
Fearful that Panamanian mobs might actually force entry into the Canal Zone, the United States called out its troops. Several hundred Panamanians crossed barbed-wire restraints and clashed with Canal Zone police and troops. A second wave of Panamanian citizens was repulsed by the Panamanian National Guard, supported by American troops. Extensive and violent disorder followed. A mob smashed the windows of the United States Information Agency library. The United States flag was torn from the ambassador's residence and trampled, and the U.S. embassy was attacked. Stones were thrown against the troops, who were dispersed by tear gas. Three American troops were injured, whilst two student protesters were arrested.


1959 anti-American riots in Panama
Aware that public hostility was getting out of hand, political leaders attempted to regain control over their followers but were unsuccessful. Relations between the two governments were severely strained. United States authorities erected a fence on the border of the Canal Zone, and United States citizens residing in the Canal Zone observed a voluntary boycott of Panamanian merchants, who traditionally depended heavily on these patrons.


1959 anti-American riots in Panama
Tension were already stoked before amid the discontent over the Canal Zone. In May 1958 students demonstrating against the United States clashed with the National Guard, and nine peopled died in the violence. On September 17, 1960, American President Dwight D. Eisenhower attempted to defuse the issue by letting the Flag of Panama fly alongside the Stars and Stripes of the U.S. inside the Canal Zone. After the events of 1959, violence occurred again in 1964.


1959 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Afghanistan.


1959 in Afghanistan
The budget estimates for September 23, 1958 – September 22, 1959 (1337–38 in the Afghan calendar), amount to a revenue of 1,455,122,000 Afghanis (including 521,192,000 Afghanis from foreign loans) and to an expenditure of 1,455,107,962 Afghanis. (The Afghani is worth about five U.S. cents.) Between the fiscal years 1955–56 and 1957–58 the amounts of Afghan exports rose from 1,527,000,000 Afghanis to 1,984,000,000 Afghanis, the main destinations being India, the U.S.S.R., the United States, the United Kingdom, and Poland.


1959 in Afghanistan, May 1959
The Afghan prime minister is on an official visit in Moscow, where he confers with Nikita Khrushchev. An agreement on the expansion of Soviet-Afghan economic and technical cooperation is signed on May 28. Among other things, it provides for Soviet assistance in the construction of the Kushka-Herat-Kandahar motor road, more than 740 km long.


1959 in Afghanistan, May 1959
The reconstruction of the Kabul airport starts with Soviet help.


1959 in Afghanistan, August 24, 1959
Speaking at Kabul on the Afghan National Day, King Mohammad Zahir Shah comments, traditionally, on the problem of Pashtunistan, "still awaiting a peaceful and just solution." Mohammad Daud Khan, the Prime Minister, explains to the correspondent of a Japanese press agency that the Pashtun problem has existed for a century and arose when part of Afghanistan was annexed to British India – the Pakistan of today.


1959 in Afghanistan, August, 1959
Emancipation of women comes about with the abolition of the veil and the chadri (the shroud-like head-to-toe gown). This was a big event in the history of women in Afghanistan, and it was also an intentional part of the women's empancipation policy of the Daoud Government at that time. The step was carefully prepared by introducing women workers at the Radio Kabul in 1957, sending women delegates to the Asian Women's Conference in Kairo, and employing forty girls to the government pottery factory in 1958.


1959 in Afghanistan, August, 1959
When this was met with no riots, the government decided it was time for the very controversial step of unveiling. In August 1959 therefore, on the second day of the festival of Jeshyn, Queen Humaira Begum and  Princess Bilqis appeared in the royal box at the military parade unveiled, alongside the Prime Minister's wife, Zamina Begum.


1959 in Afghanistan, September 1959
Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian prime minister, pays a return visit to Kabul.


1959 in Afghanistan, September 1959
Mohammad Naim, Afghan foreign minister, pays an official visit to Peking.


1959 in Afghanistan, September 1959
The Ariana Afghan Airlines extend their services from Kabul to Frankfurt, Germany, through Ankara, Turkey, and Prague, Czechoslovakia.


1959 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Australia.


1959 in Australia, Film
On the Beach starring Gregory Peck and Ava Gardner was shot around Melbourne. The film was based on the novel by Nevil Shute.


1959 in Australia, Television
Six O'Clock Rock screened on the Australian Broadcasting Commission's channel. It was compered by Johnny O'Keefe and was the ABC's response to Bandstand on Channel Nine.


1959 in Australia, Television
Adelaide's first television station, NWS-9, begins broadcasting on 5 September


1959 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1959.


1959 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1959 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1959 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1959 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1959 in Australian television
1959 in Australian television was the fourth year of television broadcasts in Australia.


1959 in Australian television, Events
Television Broadcasts in Western Australia were aired for the first time on 15 October 1959, TVW was opened by the Governor of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner.


1959 in Australian television, Events
Television broadcasts in the state of Queensland (Brisbane) were aired for the very first time, starting with the Nine Network's QTQ on 16 August, followed soon after by the Seven Network's BTQ on 1 November, and the ABC's ABQ on the next day.


1959 in Australian television, Events
The first television station in Adelaide, South Australia (NWS-9) began broadcasting on 5 September.


1959 in Australian television, Events
On 1 July, Australian children's TV series Mr. Squiggle and Friends debuts on ABC starting off as a temporary fill in. Years later the show has been so popular it continues to air on the ABC until 9 July 1999.


1959 in Australian television, Events
Melbourne and Sydney are linked by microwave for the first time on 9 January, enabling television programs to be screened, simultaneously in both cities.


1959 in Australian television, Notable debuts and endings
Notable Australian series that debuted during 1959 included variety and/or music series Adelaide Tonight, The Bobby Limb Show, Six O'Clock Rock and Make Ours Music, game show Wheel of Fortune, discussion series The Critics, and short-lived drama series Emergency. Additionally, ATN-7 and GTV-9 experimented with local drama with the Shell Presents productions of plays.


1959 in Australian television, Notable debuts and endings
Notable series which ended in 1959 included variety and/or music series Astor Showcase, Hit Parade and Sydney Tonight (which had been re-titled and re-formatted as Tonight), drama series Autumn Affair and Emergency, and comedy series Take That.


1959 in Belgian television
This is a list of Belgian television related events from 1959.


1959 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1959 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 58th season of competitive football in the country.


1959 in Brazilian football, Taça Brasil
Bahia declared as the Taça Brasil champions by aggregate score of 5-5.


1959 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1959.


1959 in British music
This is a summary of 1959 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.


1959 in British radio
This is a list of events from British radio in 1959.


1959 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1959.


1959 in Canadian television
The following is a list of events affecting Canadian television in 1959. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches.


1959 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Cape Verde.


1959 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Chile.


1959 in China
Events in the year 1959 in China. The country had an estimated population of 665 million people.


1959 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 1959.


1959 in Croatian television, Deaths
This Croatian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1959 in Cuba
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Cuba.


1959 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1959.


1959 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1959.


1959 in Dutch television, Deaths
This Dutch television–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1959 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1959 in Estonia.


1959 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1959.


1959 in French television
This is a list of French television related events from 1959.


1959 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 1959.


1959 in Germany
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Germany.


1959 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1959 in Iceland.


1959 in India
Events in the year 1959 in the Republic of India.


1959 in Iran
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Imperial State of Iran.


1959 in Iraq
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Iraq.


1959 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1959 include:


1959 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israeli targets during 1959 include:


1959 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1959 include:


1959 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1959.


1959 in Italian television, Television shows, Drama
The popular success of the plays with Gilberto Govi goes on; between January and February, the National Channel broadcasts four new titles, included the actor's signature play I maneggi per maritare una figlia (The schemes to marry a daughter).


1959 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Laos.


1959 in Libya
The following lists events that happened in 1959 in Libya.


1959 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


1959 in Malaya
This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1959, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.


1959 in Mexico, Incumbents, Governors
Every governor was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI.


1959 in Michigan, Top stories
The Associated Press and Detroit Free Press ranked the top Michigan news stories of 1959 as follows:


1959 in Michigan, Population
In the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.


1959 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1959 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1959 in Nepal
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Kingdom of Nepal.


1959 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during  1959 in New Zealand.


1959 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
The 32nd New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the Labour government led by Walter Nash.


1959 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1959 film awards, 1959 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1959 films


1959 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls
The national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Wellington.


1959 in Norwegian football
The 1959 season was the 54th season of competitive football in Norway.


1959 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1959 in Norwegian music.


1959 in Portugal, Sport
In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1958–59 Primeira Divisão and 1959–60 Primeira Divisão; for the Taça de Portugal seasons, see 1958–59 Taça de Portugal and 1959–60 Taça de Portugal.


1959 in Ruanda-Urundi
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Ruanda-Urundi.


1959 in Scottish television
This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1959.


1959 in Singapore
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in Singapore.


1959 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in South Africa.


1959 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives
Three new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways.


1959 in South African sport
This article is an incomplete list of sporting events relevant to South Africa in 1959


1959 in Southern Rhodesia
The following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Colony of Southern Rhodesia.


1959 in Swedish television
This is a list of Swedish television related events from 1959.


1959 in Taiwan
Events from the year 1959 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 48 according to the official Republic of China calendar.


1959 in Thailand
The year 1959 was the 178th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 14th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2502 in the Buddhist Era.


1959 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1959 to Wales and its people.