1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 2: Monaco
The pattern of the race was turned upside-down when rain came. Brabham passed Bonnier and Moss to take the lead while Brooks spun back down the order, leaving McLaren in fourth place battling with Phil Hill. After six laps in the lead, Brabham spun into the wall at Sainte Dévote and Moss was back in the lead but he had to pit to replace a plug-lead and so Bonnier was back ahead until Moss caught him. Bonnier went out soon afterwards with a broken suspension and G Hill crashed. This meant that McLaren finished second with Phil Hill third and Brooks the only other survivor. Moss went on to win his 2nd Monaco Grand Prix from McLaren and Phil Hill.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 3: Indianapolis 500
The Indy 500, on the World Championship calendar for the final time in 1960 was the only race on the calendar not run to FIA regulations. This race, which took place on a holiday-day Monday was won by Jim Rathmann in an Offenhauser-powered Watson chassis after a thrilling battle for the lead with Rodger Ward.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 4: Netherlands
Although there were disputes over prize money and several teams withdrew after qualifying, there was still a decent field for the race with Stirling Moss on pole position in his Walker Lotus-Climax. Jack Brabham was alongside in his Cooper-Climax and Innes Ireland was on the outside of the front row in his factory Lotus 18. The BRMs of Jo Bonnier and Graham Hill shared the second row.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 4: Netherlands
Brabham made the best start and led Moss and Ireland with Team Lotus's Alan Stacey up from the third row on the grid and Phil Hill sixth in his Ferrari from the fourth row. Stacey passed Ireland on the second lap but Innes soon took back the place while Bruce McLaren moved ahead of Phil Hill in his Cooper. He would retire early with a driveshaft problem. Dan Gurney moved into fifth in his BRM but he crashed at the hairpin after a brake failure. A spectator in a prohibited area was killed.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 4: Netherlands
Jim Clark had made rapid progress in the early laps and took Gurney's fifth place behind his Lotus teammates Ireland and Stacey. On lap 17, Brabham's car threw up part of a curb and this hit Moss's car and caused a puncture and damage to the wheel hub. Moss had to pit for repairs. He drove a storming comeback. Up front the order remained static until Graham Hill passed Clark who retired soon afterwards with gearbox failure. Stacey would disappear with a similar problem later on leaving Hill to finish third, just ahead of the charging Moss. The Ferraris of Phil Hill and Ritchie Ginther were fifth and sixth but were a lap behind the leaders.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium
The Belgian Grand Prix of 1960 was one of the most disastrous races in Formula 1 history with the weekend claiming two drivers and two others suffering serious injuries in practice. This race, which took place at the second-fastest and perhaps the most dangerous circuit of the year, the Spa-Francorchamps circuit in the southern part of Belgium saw two big accidents on Friday with Moss suffering an axle failure at the super-fast Burnenville corner and being thrown from the car in the ensuing crash. He broke both his legs.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium
Formula 1 debutante Mike Taylor suffered a steering failure in his Lotus at the Holowell corner and crashed into trees beside the track suffering multiple injuries which ended his career. Jack Brabham took pole position for Cooper, two and a half seconds faster than the older BRP-run Cooper of Tony Brooks with Phil Hill's Ferrari sharing the front row. Behind them were the BRP Cooper of local hero Olivier Gendebien and Graham Hill's BRM. Come race day, Brabham took the lead at the start, and he would lead from start to finish.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium
Gendebien made a good start to be second but then faded, while Team Lotus's Innes Ireland moved up into second place, although he would disappear soon afterwards with clutch trouble. On lap 20, British BRP Cooper driver Chris Bristow, who was fighting for sixth with the Ferrari of Willy Mairesse, lost control at Malmedy and crashed. He was thrown from the car, landed in some barbed-wire fencing, and was decapitated. Within five laps, Briton Alan Stacey of Team Lotus was also dead, having been hit in the face by a bird near the Masta kink.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium
He crashed, his car was launched off an embankment and it landed in a field some 25 feet lower than the track and burst into flames, with Stacey still in the car, where he burned to death. Brabham won the race while Bruce McLaren in the second works Cooper emerged to finish second, giving the company a 1–2 finish with Graham Hill third but celebrations were muted. It would remain the blackest weekend in World Championship history until the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 6: France
Three weeks after the disastrous Belgian GP the World Championship contenders gathered at the super-fast straights of Reims. Stirling Moss was out of action. Tony Brooks had switched from the BRP Cooper team to try the new Vanwall VW11, while Team Lotus had hired Ron Flockhart to replace Alan Stacey. BRP had two new drivers in Henry Taylor and Bruce Halford. In practice both Scarabs blew their engines so neither Lance Reventlow nor Chuck Daigh was able to race. Jack Brabham was on pole position by 1.4 seconds with Phil Hill's Ferrari and Graham Hill's BRM sharing the front row.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 6: France
Behind them were Innes Ireland's factory Lotus 18 and the Ferrari of Willy Mairesse. At the start, Graham Hill was caught unprepared and as he tried to get the BRM off the line he was hit from behind by the Scuderia Centro Sud Cooper of Maurice Trintignant. There was also a collision between Brooks and Lucien Bianchi's outdated Cooper. The battle for the lead involved Brabham and Phil Hill and the pair switched places lap after lap until Hill began to fade with transmission trouble.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 6: France
A similar problem took out third-placed Ferrari driver Wolfgang Von Trips and so Brabham was left out in front all by himself. Mairesse too retired with a similar problem and Ireland had to stop with a broken front suspension. Also retiring were the two surviving BRMS of Dan Gurney and Jo Bonnier disappeared with engine trouble. This left Gendebien in the BRP Cooper to take second with Bruce McLaren third in the second factory Cooper and with Taylor finishing fourth in his BRP Cooper the company could boast 1–2–3–4 finish. The Lotuses of Jim Clark and Flockhart finished fifth and sixth.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 7: Britain
Although there was only a fortnight between the French and British GPs there were several changes when the F1 circus arrived at Silverstone. The Vanwall VW11 did not re-appear: Tony Brooks going back to his BRP Cooper and with both Scarabs having blown up at Reims they were not present although Chuck Daigh and Lance Reventlow shared a third factory Cooper, Daigh being faster and thus getting to race.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 7: Britain
Aston Martin showed up with DBR5s for Roy Salvadori and Maurice Trintignant while motorcycle ace John Surtees re-appeared in a works Lotus and there was the usual crop of British privateers including Keith Greene in the Gilby Engineering Cooper-Maserati and Brian Naylor in his JBW-Maserati. Qualifying resulted in pole position for Jack Brabham, a second faster than Graham Hill's BRM with Bruce McLaren's Cooper and Jo Bonnier's BRM making it a balanced front row. The start saw three cars stall: Graham Hill (his second race running) and the two BRP Coopers of Brooks and Henry Taylor.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 7: Britain
McLaren was second on the first lap but soon dropped behind Bonnier and the factory Lotus of Innes Ireland. Ireland then passed Bonnier to take second place. Graham Hill drove a storming race from the back of the field and worked his way back, passing Ireland for second after 37 laps and setting off after Brabham. To the delight of the crowd, he caught him and on lap 55 took the lead. Further back Surtees displaced Ireland in third place. Hill had been suffering brake problems for some time and on lap 72, he spun at Copse Corner and was out. Brabham took the lead and five laps later took the chequered flag with Surtees and Ireland second and third for Team Lotus.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal
With the German Grand Prix being cancelled after safety concerns and complaints about the general quality of the AVUS track in Berlin, there was a month between the British and Portuguese GPs and at the challenging and dangerous Boavista street circuit in Porto Stirling Moss made his F1 comeback after being out of action since the disastrous Belgian GP in June. The only other change of note was that local hero Mario Cabral was found a drive in the second Scuderia Centro Sud Cooper-Maserati.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal
In practice, Henry Taylor crashed his BRP Cooper heavily and injured his arm while Jim Clark smashed up his Lotus in a rare crash. Despite the accident, pole position went to Team Lotus driver John Surtees, who edged out Dan Gurney's BRM by a few hundredths of a second. Jack Brabham was third quickest in his normally-dominant works Cooper. Moss put his Walker Lotus on the second row alongside Graham Hill's BRM. Brabham took the lead at the start but Gurney quickly found a way ahead and then Brabham went wide at one corner and dropped to sixth place.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal
Moss emerged second with Surtees and Phil Hill in his Ferrari fighting with him. After 10 laps, Gurney dropped back with an oil leak and so Surtees took the lead with Moss in pursuit but he had to stop because of spark plug problems and dropped to the back of the field. He was later disqualified for driving against the direction of the race while trying to get going after a spin.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal
Brabham had a lively fight with Phil Hill until the American crashed and this became the lead on lap 36 when Surtees went off because oil had leaked onto his pedals. Bruce McLaren came through to finish second to give Cooper another 1–2 result with Clark finishing third in his cobbled-together Lotus. Brabham's victory meant that he clinched the World Championship with two races remaining. But this was to be the last Portuguese Grand Prix for 24 years – the race would not return until 1984.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 9: Italy
With the World Championship settled in favour of Jack Brabham and the Italian authorities deciding that the Italian Grand Prix would be held on the combined road and oval course at the Monza Autodrome near Milan (making it the fastest circuit of the year), all the big British teams boycotted the event, citing the fragility, extreme roughness and poor construction of the concrete banking and the field consisted of the works Ferraris, the Coopers of Scuderia Eugenio Castellotti and Scuderia Centro Sud and a few privateers. To increase the size of the field, Formula 2 cars were allowed with Porsche turning up with a pair of 718s for Hans Herrmann and Edgar Barth.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 9: Italy
The powerful Ferraris dominated with Phil Hill sharing the front row with fellow American Ritchie Ginther and Willy Mairesse with a couple of Coopers on the second row. In the race, Ginther and Hill led while Mairesse was slowed by team orders to help tow a fourth Ferrari – an F2 car being driven by Wolfgang Von Trips – away from the two Porsches. This helped Giulio Cabianca to run third in his Castellotti Cooper. Mairesse eventually made his way back to third place while Hill passed early leader Ginther to win the race. Ferrari finished 1–2–3 but it was an irrelevant result given the competition.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA
The final World Championship event of the year took place in the United States 10 weeks after the penultimate event and Ferrari did not bother to travel to the Riverside circuit just east of Los Angeles, California but Phil Hill found a ride in a fourth BRP Cooper at his home circuit and Wolfgang Von Trips found a ride in a Cooper-Maserati run by Scuderia Centro Sud.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA
In the sunny and pleasant southern California weather, Ron Flockhart turned up in the third factory Cooper and Jim Hall made his F1 debut in a private Lotus 18 and Chuck Daigh re-appeared in one of Lance Reventlow's Scarabs. Moss, by now recovered from his early season injuries, took pole by 0.6 seconds from World Champion Jack Brabham and Dan Gurney in his BRM. Jo Bonnier's BRM shared the second row with Jim Clark's Lotus.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA
Brabham made the best start and led Moss for the first four laps but then he heard an explosion at back end of the car and pitted. He made two stops to try to solve the problem which was traced to overflow petrol hitting the hot exhausts of the Climax engine. Moss moved into the lead when Brabham pitted and he stayed ahead all the way to the chequered flag. Early on, he was chased by Gurney but he went out with plug problems and Bonnier followed, retiring from second with engine trouble.


1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA
This left Innes Ireland to finish second for Team Lotus with the second factory Cooper of Bruce McLaren third. Brabham finished fourth, a lap behind at the finish. Jim Hall drove a good race to run fourth but he dropped to seventh at the end when his transmission failed and he had to push the car to the finish line. This was the only Grand Prix ever held at the Riverside circuit; 12 Hours of Sebring promoter Alec Ulmann had again broken even on this event just as he had at the previous year's American Grand Prix at Sebring. The US Grand Prix was moved to the Watkins Glen circuit in upstate New York on the other side of the country.


1960 Formula One season, Results and standings, World Drivers' Championship standings
Points were awarded on an 8–6–4–3–2–1 basis at each round, with only the best six round results retained.


1960 Formula One season, Results and standings, International Cup for F1 Manufacturers standings
Points were awarded on an 8–6–4–3–2–1 basis at each round (excluding the Indianapolis 500), with only the best six results from the nine races retained. Only the best placed car from each manufacturer at each round was eligible to score points.


1960 Formula One season, Non-championship races
Other Formula One races also held in 1960, which did not count towards the World Championship.


1960 Formula Two season
The 1960 Formula Two season was the last season of 1.5 litre Formula Two racing which was to become Formula One for 1961. Two championships were held over the same five events, the Formula Two Constructors' Championship and the Formula Two Drivers' Championship, in addition to many non-championship Formula Two events. The Constructors' Championship was won in a draw by Cooper-Climax and Porsche, while the Drivers' Championship was won by Jack Brabham.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review
As 1961 was to see the new 1.5 litre Formula One, some manufacturers used the 1960 Formula Two season as preparation for 1961 the following year. Although it didn't appear in any championship events, Ferrari's first mid/rear-engined racing car, the Ferrari 156, appeared in non-championship events, notably winning the Solitude Grand Prix against strong opposition from Porsche.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 1: Syracuse Grand Prix
Ferrari entered the Syracuse Grand Prix with a heavily revised version of their 1959 cars for Wolfgang von Trips. Team Lotus entered two cars, one of which was the new Lotus 18 making its European debut driven by Innes Ireland. Neither the factory Coopers nor the factory Porsches were entered, however many private Coopers appeared, notably including factory driver Jack Brabham self entered in an older car, Equipe Nationale Belge and Yeoman Credit Racing entered two Coopers each, and Maurice Trintignant also self entered a Cooper. Porsche were represented by just a single entry from Rob Walker Racing Team for Stirling Moss.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 1: Syracuse Grand Prix
In practice, Moss established the fastest time, followed by Innes Ireland and Olivier Gendebien in one of the Equipe Nationale Belge Coopers who joined Moss on the front row. von Trips was not considered a serious contender for the win and qualified in seventh.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 1: Syracuse Grand Prix
In the race Moss lead from the start, building up a sizeable lead. Surprisingly, and to the Italian crowd's pleasure, von Trips was in second place by the end of the first lap, followed closely by Ireland and the Coopers, lead by Brabham. Brabham was able to push up into second place, with Ireland third and von Trips fourth, before Brabham was first overtaken by Ireland then forced to retire. Light rain arrived around lap 23, which favoured the Ferrari, allowing von Trips into second. Soon after Moss suffered an engine failure which caused him to retire, handing the lead to von Trips. Trintignant's private Cooper finished second, and Gendebien third, with Ireland finishing fourth due to minor engine trouble.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 2: Brussels Grand Prix
The Brussels Grand Prix was held over two heats, with overall positions determined by adding the two finishing positions in the heats, with ties decided by number of laps completed. Wolfgand von Trips, although entered in a Ferrari, did not appear, whilst the Lotuses were quite uncompetitive, so the racing was between the Rob Walker Porsche of Stirling Moss and the various different Coopers.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 2: Brussels Grand Prix
The first heat, held in the dry, was won by Moss from Brabham and Trintignant. The second heat, held in wet conditions at the start, which did not suit the Porsche, was won by Brabham from Trintignant and Moss. This gave the overall win to Brabahm, from Moss and Trintignant.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 4: Aintree 200
In Aintree, Moss and Porsche were able to make up for their bad luck in earlier races and finally gain a championship win, locking out the podium. Moss made a poor start from pole, with the lead going to Brabham for much of the race, followed initially by Roy Salvadori (in a private Cooper), who was soon overtaken by Innes Ireland in a Lotus. Ireland would however misjudge his braking point at Tatts corner, taking some time to get going again.


1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 4: Aintree 200
So then for the next several laps Brabham lead Salvadori, followed quite some distance back by Graham Hill in one of the factory Porsches. The battle for third place was fierce, with eventually Moss in his Rob Walker Porsche pulling away from the factory Porsches, and the Lotuses struggling. On lap 26, however, first Brabham, and then Salvadori came into the pits, both with engine trouble, giving the lead to Moss. Moss lead to the finish, although Jo Bonnier in the other factory Porsche came within a few seconds of him by the end of the race, with Hill in third and John Surtees in fourth in the first of the Coopers.


1960 Formula Two season, Formula Two Constructors' Championship final standings
Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.


1960 Formula Two season, Formula Two Drivers' Championship final standings
Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Only the best 4 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each driver, however no driver scored points in more than four races.


1960 Formula Two season, Non-championship race results
Other Formula Two races also held in 1960, which did not count towards the championships.


1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay
The 1960 France rugby union tour of South America was a series of rugby union matches played by the France national team in Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.


1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay
France played a series of matches in Argentina (including three tests v the national team) and also two games in Chile and Uruguay, although those are not considered tests by the French Federation.


1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details
Complete list of matches played by France in South America:


1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, First test
Argentina: 15.Rodolfo Devoto, 14.Enrique Krossler, 13.Esteban Karplus, 12.Ricardo Oliveri, 11.Enrico Neri, 10.Isidro Comas (cap), 9.Eduardo Gonzalez del Solar, 8.Florencio Varela, 7.Glauco Wessek, 6.Jorge Pulido, 5.Aitor Otano, 4.Rodolfo Schmidt, 3.Eduardo Sorhaburu, 2.Juan Casanegra, 1.Elias Gavina  France: 15.Michel Vannier, 14.Henri Rancoule, 13.Guy Boniface, 12.Arnaud Marquesuzaa, 11.Jean-Vincent Dupuy, 10.Pierre Dizabo, 9.Pierre Lacroix, 8.Michel Celaya, 7.François Moncla (cap), 6.Michel Crauste, 5.Jean-Pierre Saux, 4.Herve Larrue, 3.Alfred Roques, 2.Jean de Gregorio, 1.Amedee Domenech


1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, Second test
Argentina: 15.Jorge Ríos, 14.Enrique Krossler, 13.Esteban Karplus, 12.Ricardo Oliveri, 11.Carlos Giuliano, 10.Ángel Guastella, 9.Enrique Holmgren, 8.Enrique Mitchelstein, 7.Antonio Salinas (cap), 6.Carlos Alvarez, 5.Aitor Otaño, 4.Rodolfo Schmidt, 3.Cristóbal Hirsch, 2.Horacio Vidou, 1.Elías Gavina   France: 15.Michel Vannier, 14.Jean-Vincent Dupuy, 13.Guy Boniface, 12.Roger Martine, 11.Jean Othats, 10.Pierre Dizabo, 9.Pierre Lacroix, 8.Roland Crancee, 7.François Moncla (c), 6.Michel Crauste, 5.Michel Celaya, 4.Herve Larrue, 3.Alfred Roques, 2.Jacques Rollet, 1.Amedee Domenech


1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, Third test
'Argentina:  15.Jorge Rios, 14.Enrique Krossler, 13.Esteban Karplus, 12.Ricardo Oliveri, 11.Enrico Neri, 10.Juan Guidi, 9.Enrique Holmgren, 8.Enrique Mitchelstein, 7.Antonio Salinas (cap), 6.John Vibart, 5.Aitor Otano, 4.Rodolfo Schmidt, 3.Cristobal Hirsch, 2.Juan Casanegra, 1.Walter Aniz France: M. Vannier, J. Dupuy, R. Martine, G. Boniface, J. Othats; P. Dizabo, P. Lacroix; M. Crauste, R. Crancée, F. Monclá (cap. ), M. Celaya, H. Larrue; A. Domenech, J. Rollet, A. Roqués


1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, Third test
Uruguay: L.Vásquez; Agustín Canessa, B. Fontana, Penco, E. Llovet; D. Moor-Davie, R. Hoober; H. Pugh, G. Sebasti, J. Shaw; Alvaro Canessa, H. Bergmann; G. Dupont, R. Vivo, A. Hughes France: M. Vannier; J. Othats, M. Lacome, R. Martine, H. Rancoule; R. Brethes, P. Dizabo; M. Crauste, R. Crancée, F. Monclá (cap. ); S. Meyer, J. Saux; A. Domenech, J. de Gregorio, A. Roques


1960 French Championships (tennis)
The 1960 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 17 May until 29 May. It was the 64th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1960. Nicola Pietrangeli and Darlene Hard won the singles titles.


1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
Nicola Pietrangeli defeated  Luis Ayala 3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–3


1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Roy Emerson /   Neale Fraser defeated  José Luis Arilla /  Andrés Gimeno  6–2, 8–10, 7–5, 6–4


1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Maria Bueno /  Darlene Hard defeated  Pat Ward Hales /  Ann Haydon 6–2, 7–5


1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Maria Bueno /  Bob Howe defeated  Ann Haydon /  Roy Emerson  1–6, 6–1, 6–2


1960 French Championships – Men's Singles
Sixth-seeded Nicola Pietrangeli defeated Luis Ayala 3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1960 French Championships.


1960 French Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Nicola Pietrangeli is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1960 French Championships – Women's Singles
Fifth-seeded Darlene Hard defeated Yola Ramírez 6–3, 6–4 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1960 French Championships.


1960 French Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Darlene Hard is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1960 French Grand Prix
The 1960 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims-Gueux on 3 July 1960. It was race 6 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 5 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1960 French Grand Prix
The 50-lap race was won from pole position by Australian driver Jack Brabham, driving a works Cooper-Climax. Belgian driver Olivier Gendebien finished second in a Cooper-Climax entered by the British Racing Partnership, while New Zealander Bruce McLaren was third in the other works Cooper-Climax.


1960 French motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1960 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 22 May 1960 at the Clermont-Ferrand circuit.


1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.


1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The team was led by second-year head coach Cecil Coleman and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as champions of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) for the third consecutive year, with a record of nine wins and one loss (9–1, 5–0 CCAA). This was the sixth conference title in seven years for the Bulldogs.


1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL
The following finished their college career in 1960, were not drafted, but played in the AFL (prior to the merge with the NFL).


1960 Furman Purple Hurricane football team
The 1960 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Bob King, Furman compiled a 5–4–1 record.


1960 GP Ouest–France
The 1960 GP Ouest-France was the 24th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 30 August 1960. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Hubert Ferrer.


1960 Gambian legislative election
General elections were held in the Gambia in 1960, following the implementation of a new constitution, which created a House of Representatives. The new legislature had 19 elected seats, twelve seats were elected in the protectorate and seven in the colony (Bathurst and Kombo St Mary). Eight seats were reserved for chiefs. In addition, the Governor-general, the Speaker (appointed by the governor-general after consultation with council members), the Civil Secretary, the Financial Secretary, the Attorney General and the Commissioner for Local Government and up to three nominated members were also members of the House.


1960 Gambian legislative election
The People's Progressive Party won nine of the 19 elected seats. However, United Party leader Pierre Sarr N'Jie became the country's first Chief Minister in March the following year, appointed by Governor-general Edward Windley after a majority of the eight chiefs supported him.


1960 Gator Bowl (December)
The 1960 Gator Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the Baylor Bears of the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the Florida Gators representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Florida defeated Baylor 13–12. Both quarterbacks were the game's Most Valuable Player: Florida's Larry Libertore and Baylor's Bobby Ply.


1960 Gator Bowl (December), Game summary
Led by Vic Miranda, the Gator defense halted a 75-yard drive by Baylor on the half-yard line in the first quarter, setting the stage for two second quarter touchdowns. Baylor running back Ronnie Goodwin dropped the winning 2-point try in the closing seconds. Baylor quarterback Bobby Ply set a Gator Bowl record with 13 completions.


1960 Gator Bowl (January)
The 1960 Gator Bowl was a college football bowl game between the Southwest Conference (SWC) co-champion Arkansas Razorbacks and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Arkansas defeated Georgia Tech, 14–7, in front of 45,104 spectators. There were two players named Most Valuable Player: Jim Mooty of Arkansas and Maxie Baughan of Georgia Tech.


1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting
The 1960 Gator Bowl featured Arkansas, led by Frank Broyles against his alma mater and mentor, Bobby Dodd. Georgia Tech was 11–2 in bowl games entering the contest.


1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting
Arkansas finished their SWC schedule 5–1, losing only to #3 Texas. The Hogs also lost to #6 Ole Miss at Crump Stadium in a non-conference match-up.


1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting
Georgia Tech started 4–0, but struggled the rest of the year, losing to Auburn, Duke, and Georgia at home, and Alabama in Birmingham.


1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting
The Yellow Jackets and Razorbacks had one common opponent, the SMU Mustangs (5–4–1), who Georgia Tech defeated 16–12 and lost to the Arkansas, 17–14.


1960 Gator Bowl (January), Game summary
Georgia Tech began the game by controlling the ball for over eleven minutes before failing a field goal from the Arkansas 8-yard line. However, it took only two plays on Tech's second drive to hit pay dirt as Georgia Tech quarterback Marvin Tibbetts scrambled 51 yards for a touchdown. Joe Paul Alberty scored from one yard out on the ensuing Razorback possession to tie the game at 7. Razorback rushers Lance Alworth and Jim Mooty took over in the third quarter, working in tandem to go 78 yards with Mooty finishing with a 19 yard score.


1960 Gator Bowl (January), Game summary
Arkansas' record in the postseason improved to 2–1–2, with Tech dropping to 11–3.


1960 Gator Bowl (January), Game summary
Two members were later inducted into the Gator Bowl Hall of Fame, Maxie Baughan, a center and linebacker named an All-American during 1959 from Georgia Tech, and Frank Broyles, the head coach of Arkansas.


1960 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1960 Gent–Wevelgem was the 22nd edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 17 April 1960. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Frans Aerenhouts of the Mercier team.


1960 George Washington Colonials football team
The 1960 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its only season under head coach Bill Elias, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record (4–2 in the SoCon).


1960 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1960 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.


1960 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1960 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 16th-year head coach Bobby Dodd, and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.


1960 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
After a quick jump to #10 in the AP Poll after their first two victories, the Yellow Jackets fell on the wrong side of several close games, finishing the year with a disappointing 5–5 record. The average margin of defeat in their five losses was only 2.2 points, and all were one-score games. Their first loss was to a Florida Gators team that featured Bobby Dodd's son, Robert Jr., at quarterback.


1960 German Grand Prix
The 1960 German Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 1 August 1960 at Nürburgring. This was only year the German Grand Prix was run on the shorter Südschleife layout.


1960 German Grand Prix
Due to decreasing attendances after the departure of Mercedes-Benz, and the controversial 1959 race at AVUS, it was decided to race on the shorter layout to give spectators a better show (seeing the cars do more laps), and the race was run to Formula Two regulations, which were set to replace Formula One for 1961 anyway, since German manufacturer Porsche had a strong Formula Two car.


1960 German Grand Prix
This race was also the fifth and final race of the 1960 Formula Two Constructors' Championship and Formula Two Drivers' Championship.


1960 German Grand Prix, Classification, Starting grid
Start featured a 4-3-4-3-4-3 layout, with Gregory's spot left vacant.


1960 German football championship
The 1960 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1959–60. Hamburger SV were crowned champions for the third time after a group stage and a final, having previously won the title in 1923 and 1928. It was the club's third appearance in the final in four years, having lost the 1957 and 1958 final. On the strength of this title, the club participated in the 1960-61 European Cup, where HSV lost to FC Barcelona in the semi-finals.


1960 German football championship
Hamburg's Uwe Seeler was the 1960 championships top scorer with 13 goals, the highest total for any top scorer in the competition after the Second World War.


1960 German football championship
Runners-up 1. FC Köln made its first appearance in the national title game. The 1960 German championship saw an attendance record for the Oberliga era with 87,739 seeing Tasmania 1900 Berlin hosting 1. FC Köln.


1960 German football championship
The format used to determine the German champion was the same as the one used in the 1959 season. Nine clubs qualified for the tournament, with the runners-up of West and South having to play a qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four, with the two group winners entering the final.


1960 German motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1960 German motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 23–24 July 1960 at the Solitude circuit.


1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Ghana on 27 April 1960. The main issue was a change in the country's status from a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II as head of state, to a republic with a presidential system of government.


1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum, Aftermath
Presidential elections were held alongside the referendum, which were won by the incumbent Prime Minister, Kwame Nkrumah. He was inaugurated on 1 July 1960, replacing Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, and thus eliminating the post of Governor-General.


1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum, Aftermath
Four years later, another referendum strengthened the president's powers and turned the country into a one-party state (with an official result of 99.91% in support).


1960 Ghanaian presidential election
Presidential elections were held for the first time in Ghana on 27 April 1960. The elections were held alongside a referendum on creating an executive presidency. The winner of the election would become the country's first President if the new republican constitution was passed (which it did).


1960 Ghanaian presidential election, Aftermath
After winning the election, and the passing of the new constitution in the simultaneous referendum, Nkrumah was inaugurated on 1 July 1960, replacing Governor-General William Hare as head of state. Danquah was imprisoned the following year under the Preventive Detention Act, but only held for a year. On his release, he was elected President of the Ghana Bar Association. He was imprisoned again in 1964 and died in jail.


1960 Ghanaian presidential election, Aftermath
Four years later, another referendum strengthened Nkrumah's powers and turned the country into a one-party state (with an official result of 99.91% in support).


1960 Giro d'Italia
The 1960 Giro d'Italia was the 43rd running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Rome, on 19 May, with a 215 km (133.6 mi) stage and concluded in Milan, on 9 June, with a 225 km (139.8 mi) leg. A total of 140 riders from 14 teams entered the 21-stage race, which was won by Frenchman Jacques Anquetil of the Helyett team. The second and third places were taken by Italian Gastone Nencini and Luxembourgian Charly Gaul, respectively.


1960 Giro d'Italia, Teams
Fourteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1960 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of ten riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 140 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 97 made it to the finish in Florence.


1960 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages
The race route was revealed on 13 April 1960. The start of the race was moved to Rome to honor the Summer Olympics to be held in the city later that year. Before the race began in Rome, the organizers honored the race's first organizer Armando Cougnet, five-time Giro champion Fausto Coppi, and journalist Orio Vergani, all of whom died before the race started in 1960. President Giovanni Gronchi officially opened the race.


1960 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
One jersey was worn during the 1960 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification – calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider – wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.


1960 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
The mountains classification leader. The climbs were ranked in first and second categories. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. There were three categories of mountains. The first category awarded 80, 60, 40, 30, and 20 points, while the second distributed 60, 40, and 20 points. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages.


1960 Giro di Lombardia
The 1960 Giro di Lombardia was the 54th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 16 October 1960. The race started and finished in Milan. The race was won by Emile Daems of the Philco team.


1960 Glover Trophy
The 8th Glover Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 18 April 1960 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was run over 42 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Innes Ireland in a Lotus 18. This was the first Formula 1 win for the Lotus marque.


1960 Governor General's Awards
Each winner of the 1960 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit was selected by a panel of judges administered by the Canada Council for the Arts.


1960 Grand National
The 1960 Grand National was the 114th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 26 March 1960. The steeplechase was won by nine-year-old Merryman II, who, at odds of 13/2, became the first clear favourite to win for 33 years. His jockey, 22-year-old Gerry Scott, had been lucky to take part in the race, having broken his collarbone two weeks prior. Merryman II became the first ever Scottish winner of the National.


1960 Grand National
The top weight was officially reduced to a maximum of 12 stone from 12 stone 7 lbs, though it had been over a decade since any horse had been asked to shoulder such a burden.


1960 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath
This was the first year that the National was broadcast live on television. The presenter, Cliff Michelmore, who stepped in at the last minute for David Coleman, who was suffering from appendicitis, told viewers they were witnessing television history. The BBC deployed 16 cameras to Aintree, with Peter O'Sullevan (who had covered the race on radio since 1947) commentating on his first of 38 televised Grand Nationals. O'Sullevan later described his nervousness at commentating on the famous race for the first time on television, his nerves amplified by a restricted view and an unreliable monitor.


1960 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath
Co-commentator Peter Bromley recalled, "They had built an enormous tower in the middle of the course so that we could see the majority of the action. It was so huge that the thing was swaying and I felt most unsafe. Conversely the view was excellent and having told a few chums of my position for the Foxhunters Chase two days before the National, I found the late Ryan Price's wife, Dorothy and Fred Winter's wife Di, as guests for the big race.


1960 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath
Fred was riding Dandy Scot for Ryan and the ladies thought they would take advantage of the unique viewing position. I applauded them for even managing to climb the endless and precarious ladders up the side of the scaffolding. A further surprise almost made me drop my binoculars when Fred, who had fallen at the Canal Turn, joined us in the crows nest and the first I knew of his presence was when he tapped me on the shoulder while I was commentating and said 'Watcha Cock!"


1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
The 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 12th F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of seven Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 22 May, with French Grand Prix and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on September 11.


1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system
Points were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races were counted in all five classes: the Sidecars, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc and 500cc championships.


1960 Green Bay Packers season
The 1960 Green Bay Packers season was their 42nd season overall and their 40th season in the National Football League. The team finished with an 8–4 record under second-year head coach Vince Lombardi to win the Western Conference and a berth in the NFL championship game. It was the Packers' first appearance in the title game since winning it in 1944. After a Thanksgiving Day loss at Detroit, the Packers won their final three games, all on the road, to win the crown.


1960 Green Bay Packers season
The championship game was against the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Eagles (10–2), played at Franklin Field in Philadelphia on Monday, December 26. Two years earlier in 1958, both teams had been last in their respective conferences, winning a combined three games.


1960 Green Bay Packers season
In a close game, the Packers led in the fourth quarter, but lost 17–13. Green Bay returned to the title game the next two seasons and won both.


1960 Green Bay Packers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Guamanian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Guam in 1960. The Popular Party won all 21 seats, in a "blackjack victory".


1960 Guamanian legislative election, Electoral system
The 21 members of the Legislature were elected from a single district, with the candidates receiving the most votes being elected. Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old and have lived in Guam for at least five years before the election.


1960 Guamanian legislative election, Results
The Popular Party won all 21 seats, with the Territorial Party left seatless.


1960 Guisan
1960 Guisan, provisional designation 1973 UA, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter.


1960 Guisan
It was discovered on 25 October 1973, by astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, and named after Swiss General Henri Guisan.


1960 Guisan, Orbit and classification
Guisan orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.8 AU once every 4.02 years (1,467 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.


1960 Guisan, Physical characteristics
It has a rotation period of 8.46 hours and a geometric albedo of 0.04–0.05, as measured by the IRAS, Akari, WISE and NEOWISE surveys.


1960 Guisan, Naming
This minor planet was named in memory of Henri Guisan (1874–1960), general of the Swiss army during the Second World War. He was notably from the country's smaller Swiss-French part rather than from the German-speaking part. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 April 1977 (M.P.C. 4157).


1960 Gwyn Staley 160
The 1960 Gwyn Staley 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on March 27, 1960, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160
Paul Lewis, who would eventually be known as the Gentleman Teacher, would make his NASCAR Cup Series debut in this event. Burrhead Nantz would retire from NASCAR Cup Series action after the end of this event.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Background
Through the 1960s and 1970s the NASCAR Grand National Series began focusing on bigger, faster, and longer tracks. Like other short tracks in NASCAR at the time, crowd capacity and purses were small compared to the larger tracks. Over time, Enoch Staley and Jack Combs attempted to keep the facility modern and on pace with the growth of the sport. The West Grandstand was rebuilt with chair-type seats rather than the old bare concrete slabs. New larger restroom facilities were built, and the South Grandstand was expanded.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Background
A garage facility was also built within the track, which at the time was rare for short-track venues. But the main focus was on keeping ticket prices affordable. Food and beverage prices were kept low, and event parking and camping were always free. As long as profits covered maintenance costs, Staley was satisfied with the income of the track.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report
Glen Wood, Junior Johnson and Lee Petty would dominate the entire 120-minute racing event where more than 9,000 people would see Rex White defeated by the elder Petty by less than a lap. Lee Petty would earn his incredible 49th career win, the most in NASCAR Cup Series history until his son Richard breaks the record.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report
There were 22 American-born drivers who qualified for this 160-lap extravaganza. Joe Lee Johnson was forced to become the last-place finisher due to troubles with his oil pressure. Even Junior Johnson's start in the pole position was barely enough to give him a "top five" finisher. Johnson's top speed of 83.86 miles per hour (134.96 km/h) during solo qualifying runs would allow him to stand up to Wood, Johnson, and both of the Petty family members while participating in this racing event.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report
Lee Petty's son, Richard, would finish a lowly 18th after qualifying in an incredible fourth place due to his youth and general lack of experience behind the wheel. E.J. Trivette would be the lowest-finishing driver to actually finish the event; although he was more than 20 laps behind the lead lap cars by the time the race had ended.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report
Individual event winnings ranged from the winner's share of $900 ($7,778 when considering inflation) to the last-place finishers' share of $50 ($432 when considering inflation). The total prize purse for the 1960 running of the Gwyn Staley 160 was a then-incredible $3,985 ($34,440 when considering inflation).


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report
Notable crew chiefs who actively participated in this race were Shep Langdon, Ray Fox, Bud Allman, and Louis Clements.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report
The transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the "strictly stock" vehicles of the 1950s.


1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Finishing order
* Driver failed to finish race † Driver is known to be deceased


1960 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
The 1960 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin–Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Howard McChesney, the team compiled a 0–10 record (0–4 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 308 to 68.


1960 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
No Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1960 All-Border Conference football team.


1960 Harelbeke–Antwerp–Harelbeke
The 1960 Harelbeke–Antwerp–Harelbeke was the third edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 12 March 1960. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Daniel Doom.


1960 Harrow West by-election
The Harrow West by-election was held on 17 March 1960 due to the suicide of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Albert Braithwaite. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Page.


1960 Harrow West by-election
The Liberal Party was said to be "much encouraged" by their share of the vote according to the acting chair of the Liberal standing committee Mark Bonham Carter who also noted his party had not contested the constituency for ten years. Liberal leader Jo Grimond said that "the result strengens our claim that what the nation wants is a Liberal alternative.


1960 Harrow West by-election
The by-election took place on the same day as the Brighouse and Spenborough by-election which saw the Conservatives gain that seat from the opposition Labour Party. Morgan Phillips, Labour's General Secretary, blamed the poor results on negative press coverage arguing that "a tremendous effort" had been undertaken to develop "an unfavourable image of the party" adding that in his view "Newspaper space seems to have been allocated on political, rather than on news value."


1960 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1960 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Harvard tied for third in the Ivy League.


1960 Harvard Crimson football team
In their fourth year under head coach John Yovicsin, the Crimson compiled a 5–4 record but were outscored 119 to 90. Terry F. Lenzner was the team captain.


1960 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard's 4–3 conference record tied for third-best in the Ivy League standings. The Crimson were outscored 86 to 65 by Ivy opponents.


1960 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.


1960 Hawaii Rainbows football team
The 1960 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 3–7 record. The university would not play varsity football for the 1961 season, but returned for the 1962 season.


1960 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1960 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 36th season in the Victorian Football League and 59th overall.


1960 Higinbotham by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Higinbotham on 10 December 1960. This was triggered by the death of Liberal MP Frank Timson.


1960 Higinbotham by-election
The by-election was won, though narrowly, by Liberal candidate Don Chipp.


1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
The 1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team was an American football team that represented Hofstra College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Hofstra had one of the better records in the Middle Atlantic Conference, Northern Division, but was ineligible for the championship.


1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
In their 11th year under head coach Howard "Howdy" Myers Jr., the Flying Dutchmen compiled a 7–1–1 record, and outscored opponents 158 to 78. Bob DeNeef and Lou DiBlasi were the team captains.


1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
Hofstra was one of three teams in the MAC Northern Division that finished the year undefeated in conference play. The other two, Albright and Wagner, shared the division championship, but Hofstra was excluded from title contention. Conference rules required teams to play at least five games against opponents from the MAC's two "college" divisions, and Hofstra only played two. Three of its games were against MAC University Division members (Delaware, Gettysburg and Temple), but these did not count as conference games.


1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team
The Flying Dutchmen played their home games at Hofstra College Stadium in Hempstead on Long Island, New York.


1960 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1960 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Eddie Anderson returned for the 11th consecutive year as head coach, his 17th year overall. For the second year in a row, the team compiled a record of 6–4. All home games were played at Fitton Field on the Holy Cross campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1960 Houston Cougars football team
The 1960 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 6–4 record. Wiley Feagin, Jim Kuehne, and Jim Windham were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.


1960 Houston Oilers season
The 1960 Houston Oilers season was the first season for the Houston Oilers as a professional American football franchise; Head Coach Lou Rymkus led the Oilers to the AFL Eastern Division title, with a 10–4 record. It was also the first American Football League season. It ended with a 24–16 victory in the AFL championship game at home over the Los Angeles Chargers (10–4).


1960 Houston Oilers season, Offseason, AFL draft
In the 1960 AFL draft, the Houston Oilers selected the following players.


1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings, Roster
16 George Blanda15 Jacky LeeRunning backs47 Don Brown20 Billy Cannon32 Dave Smith FB33 Bob White FB44 Charley Tolar FB


1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings, Roster
Wide receivers82 John Carson89 Bill Groman37 Charley Hennigan88 Al Witcher


1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings, Roster
65 Gary Greaves T 70 Al Jamison T 77 Rich Michael T51 John Simerson T60 Jim McCaneless G61 Bob Talamini G64 Fred Wallner G63 Hogan Wharton G57 George Belotti C


1960 Houston Oilers season, Awards, Sporting News American Football League All-League Team – 1960
The American Football League did not have an All-Star game after its first season in 1960, but an All-League team, selected by vote of the AFL players themselves, was published by the Sporting News. In later years, the All-League players were augmented by


1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1960 Lumberjacks were led by tenth-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at Albee Stadium in Eureka, California. Humboldt State went undefeated during the regular season, finishing with ten wins and no losses (10–0, 5–0 FWC).


1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
At the end of the season Humboldt State was invited to take part in the NAIA playoffs. In the semifinal game they played at home against the Whitworth Pirates and emerged victorious. In the NAIA championship game, called the Holiday Bowl from 1956 to 1960, they faced the Lenoir–Rhyne Bears in St. Petersburg, Florida. Lenoir–Rhyne prevailed by one point in the game, breaking the Lumberjacks two-season 20 game winning streak. That brought Humboldt State's final record to eleven wins and one loss (11–1, 5–0 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 307–89 for the season. In their eleven wins, Humboldt State outscored their opponents by an average score of 27–7.


1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL
The following Humboldt State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.


1960 Hunter by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Hunter on 9 April 1960. This was triggered by the resignation of Labor MP and former Opposition Leader H. V. Evatt. A by-election for the seat of La Trobe was held on the same day.


1960 Hunter by-election
The seat was won by Labor candidate Bert James, the son of Evatt's predecessor Rowley James. The governing Liberal Party did not field a candidate, leaving as James' main opposition independent labor candidate Bob Brown, a shop-keeper and councillor on Cessnock City Council. He was apparently not related to the Bob Brown, who would win the seat as the endorsed Labor candidate twenty years later.


1960 Ibero-American Games
The 1960 Ibero-American Games (Spanish: I Juegos Iberoamericanos) were held at the Estadio Nacional in Santiago, Chile, between October 11–16, 1960.


1960 Ibero-American Games
A total of 31 events were contested, 22 by men and 9 by women.


1960 Ibero-American Games, Medal table (unofficial)
Medal tables for both male and female competitions were published.


1960 Ibero-American Games, Team trophies
The placing table for team trophy awarded to the 1st place overall team (men and women) was published. Overall winner and winner at the men's competition was  Argentina. Brazil won the title in the women's category.


1960 Ibero-American Games, Participation
A total number of 325 athletes (278 men and 47 women) from 15 countries was reported to participate in the event.


1960 Icelandic Cup
The 1960 Icelandic Cup was the first edition of the National Football Cup.


1960 Icelandic Cup
It took place between 11 August 1960 and 23 October 1960, with the final played at Melavöllur in Reykjavik between KR Reykjavik and Fram Reykjavik. Teams from the Úrvalsdeild karla (1st division) did not enter until the quarter finals. In prior rounds, teams from the 2. Deild (2nd division), as well as reserve teams, played in one-legged matches. In case of a draw, the match was replayed.


1960 Icelandic presidential election
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Iceland in 1960. However, incumbent President Ásgeir Ásgeirsson was the only candidate, and the election was uncontested.


1960 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1960 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Skip Stahley, the Vandals were an independent in the NCAA's University Division and had a 1–9 record. Two home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one in Boise at Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.


1960 Idaho Vandals football team
The Vandals suffered a sixth straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, falling 7–18 at Neale Stadium in mid-November. In the rivalry game with Montana in Missoula, the Vandals lost the Little Brown Stein for the first time in a decade.


1960 Idaho Vandals football team
Since the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference in the spring of 1959, Idaho had just one win per season as an independent. Stahley took on the dual role of athletic director in July.


1960 Idaho Vandals football team
Idaho played ten games, with five scheduled at night, and their only win came at Hawaii. The game was scheduled for Friday night, but due to travel delays, it was played on Sunday afternoon. The Vandals stayed on Oahu until Thursday, then flew to California for their next game, against Pacific in Stockton on Saturday night.


1960 Idaho Vandals football team, All-Coast
No Vandals made the All-Coast team or the second team. Honorable mention were tight end Reggie Carolan and quarterback Sil Vial.


1960 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft
One player, a fourth-year junior, from the 1960 Vandals was selected in the 1961 NFL Draft:


1960 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1960 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Pete Elliott, the Illini compiled a 5–4 record and finished in a three-way tie for fifth place in the Big Ten Conference. Tackle Joe Rutgens was selected as the team's most valuable player.


1960 Illinois elections
Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 8, 1960.


1960 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout
In the primaries, turnout was 40.92%, with 2,082,667 ballots cast (1,171,488 Democratic and 911,179 Republican).


1960 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout
In the general election, turnout was 88.11%, with 4,845,319 ballots cast.


1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States President
Illinois voted for the Democratic ticket of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.


1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States Senate
Democratic Senator Paul Douglas was reelected to a third term.


1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
All 25 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1960.


1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
No seats switched parties, leaving Illinois' House delegation to consist of 14 Democrats and 11 Republicans.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Governor
Incumbent Governor William Stratton, a Republican seeking a third term, lost reelection to Democrat Otto Kerner Jr.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor
Incumbent Lieutenant Governor John William Chapman, a Republican seeking a third term, lost reelection to Democrat Samuel H. Shapiro.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General
Incumbent Attorney General William L. Guild (a Republican appointed in 1960 after the death in office of Grenville Beardsley) lost to Democrat William G. Clark.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General
Originally, before his death, Grenville Beardsley (himself a Republican that had been appointed in 1959 after Latham Castle resigned to assume a judgeship)  had been seeking reelection, having won the Republican primary.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State
Incumbent Secretary of State Charles F. Carpentier, a Republican, was reelected to a third term.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Auditor of Public Accounts
Incumbent Auditor of Public Accounts Elbert S. Smith, a Republican seeking a second term, lost to Democrat Michael Howlett.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate
Seats of the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1960. Republicans retained control of the chamber.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives
Seats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1960. Republicans flipped control of the chamber.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
An election was held for three seats as Trustees of University of Illinois. All three Democratic nominees won.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
Democratic incumbent Kenney E. Williamson, first appointed in 1940, won reelection to a third full (fourth overall) term. Democratic incumbent Frances Best Watkins won reelection to a third term. They were joined in winning election by fellow Democrat Irving Dillard.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Lower courts
On April 12, a special election was held to fill a vacancy on the Eleventh Judicial Circuit.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures
Two ballot measures, both of them bond issues, were put before Illinois voters in 1960.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures
In order for bond issues to pass, the number of affirmative voters each measure was required to receive was one equal to 50% of the number of votes cast for members of the Illinois General Assembly in the 1960 general election. Bond measures needed a vote equal to majority of the votes cast for whichever chamber of the Illinois General Assembly had the highest cumulative vote count. Since. in 1960, this was the 4,525,191 votes that were cast General Assembly in 1960, the vote count needed to be reached was at least 2,262,596 affirmative votes. The vote also needed a majority of votes cast on each measure to be affirmative.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Bond Issue for Education
Voters approved the Bond Issue for Education, which issued bonds to support improvements in education.


1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Bond Issue for Mental Health
Voters approved the Bond Issue for Mental Health, which would issue bonds to support improvements mental health and public welfare.


1960 Illinois gubernatorial election
The 1960 Illinois gubernatorial election was held in Illinois on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Governor William Stratton, a Republican seeking a third term, lost reelection to Democrat Otto Kerner Jr.


1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information
The primaries and general election both coincided with those for federal offices (United States President, House, and United States Senate) and those for other state offices. The election was part of the 1960 Illinois elections.


1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Background
Heading into this election, Stratton was seen as vulnerable to being unseated if the Democrats ran a strong candidate, as he had only narrowly won reelection in 1956 (despite a strong overall performance by the Republican party in the state that year), and since the Democratic Party had nationally had a strong performance in the 1958 elections.


1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout
In the primaries, turnout was 37.54%, with 1,910,956 votes cast.


1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout
In the general election, turnout was 84.99%, with 4,674,187 votes cast.


1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Primaries, Democratic primary
Names floated as potential Democratic contenders included Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley. Daley opted not to run. Daley, the head of the Cook County Democratic Party and a political boss, helped slate Otto Kerner for the nomination. Kerner won the Democratic primary.


1960 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
Rajya Sabha elections were held in 1960, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.


1960 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections
Elections were held in 1960 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.


1960 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected
The following members are elected in the elections held in 1960. They are members for the term 1960-66 and retire in year 1966, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.


1960 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1960 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Seventeenth Street Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Phil Dickens, in his third year as head coach of the Hoosiers.


1960 Indiana State Sycamores football team
The 1960 Indiana State Sycamores football team represented Indiana State University in the 1960  NCAA College Division football season.


1960 Indiana gubernatorial election
The 1960 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee Matthew E. Welsh defeated Republican nominee Crawford F. Parker with 50.39% of the vote.


1960 Indianapolis 500
The 44th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Monday, May 30, 1960. The event was part of the 1960 USAC National Championship Trail and was also race 3 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers. It would be the final time World Championship points would be awarded at the Indy 500.


1960 Indianapolis 500
Often regarded as the greatest two-man duel in Indianapolis 500 history, the 1960 race saw a then-record 29 lead changes (a record that stood until 2012). Jim Rathmann and Rodger Ward battled out nearly the entire second half. Rathmann took the lead for good on lap 197 after Ward was forced to slow down with a worn out tire. Rathmann's margin of victory of 12.75 seconds was the second-closest finish in Indy history at the time.


1960 Indianapolis 500
The inaugural 500 Festival Open Invitation was held at the Speedway Golf Course in the four days leading up to the race.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Time trials
Time trials was scheduled for four days, but the third day was rained out.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Time trials
After Carburetion tests, Dempsey Wilson replaced Jimmy Daywalt as the driver for the #23 entry, and the car was moved to the rear of the starting grid.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
The race started out with four contenders in the first half. Rodger Ward took the lead on lap 1 from the outside of the front row, but polesitter Eddie Sachs took the lead on lap 2. Two laps later, Ward was back in the lead, and the record-setting number of lead changes was already under way. Troy Ruttman and Jim Rathmann also took turns at the front. .


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
The first caution came out on lap 47, after Duane Carter spun in turn 3. He did not hit the wall, came to a rest in the infield grass, then continued in the race. Later, Jim McWithey came into the pits without any brakes. He brushed the inside pit wall trying to slow the car down, but continued through the pit lane and wasn't able to stop until he reached the infield grass in turn 1. Later in the race, Eddie Russo and Wayne Weiler also suffer single-car crashes.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half
Rodger Ward stalled his engine twice during his first pit stop, losing considerable ground. After getting back on the track, he started charging to catch up to the front of the field. Shortly after the halfway point, Eddie Sachs and Troy Ruttman would both drop out of the race, ultimately leaving Rathmann and Ward to battle it out in front.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
On about lap 124, Tony Bettenhausen came in for a routine pit stop. He complained of a smoking engine, but returned to the track. One lap later, he was back in the pits with a fire and a blown engine. Bettenhausen was unhurt, but hoisted himself out of the cockpit as it was coasting to stop in the pits to avoid getting burned.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
In the second half, Ward had caught up to Rathmann, with Johnny Thomson close behind in third. Rathmann and Ward swapped the lead several times, but meanwhile Ward was hoping that the pace would slow down, in order to save his tires to the end. After stalling in the pits earlier, the hard charge Ward made to get back to the front was a concern, as he was afraid he had worn out his tires prematurely. Ward was aware of Rathmann's tendencies as a driver, and allowed Rathmann to pass him for the lead. Rathmann was known for charging hard to take the lead, but once he was in the lead, would often back the pace down. Ward's prediction came true, but it was at the expense of losing ground to third place. Johnny Thomson was now catching up.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
With Thomson closing in on the leaders, Ward and Rathmann started charging again, racing each other hard, swapping the lead between themselves. Meanwhile, Thomson's engine lost power, and he slowed to a 5th-place finish. Inside ten laps to go, Rodger Ward seemed to have the faster car, and took the lead on lap 194. A few laps later though, Ward saw the cords in his right front tire showing, and he let off the pace. Jim Rathmann took the lead on lap 197, and pulled away for victory. Due to Ward's experience as a tire tester, he was able to nurse his car to the finish without pitting to change the bad tire, and held on to second place. Despite winning twice (1959 and 1962), Rodger Ward often considered this race his personal best.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half
Paul Goldsmith charged from 26th starting position to finish 3rd, holding off 4th place Don Branson by about a car length.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities
Two spectators in the infield, Fred H. Linder, 36, of Indianapolis, and William C. Craig, 37, of Zionsville, were killed, and as many as 82 were injured, when a homemade scaffolding collapsed. Approximately 125–130 patrons had paid a small fee ($5–$10) to view the race from the 30-foot tall scaffolding, erected by a private individual (Wilbur Shortridge, Jr.) and not the Speedway – a practice that was allowed at the time. The structure was partially anchored to a pick-up truck, and situated in the infield of turn three.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities
Over the years, the private scaffold platforms had become a popular fixture at the Speedway, with often many located around the massive infield. They were not sponsored by the track, and at times, the track management would attempt to curtail the practice, with safety in mind. However, enforcement was inconsistent, and they were not banned outright prior to 1960.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities
During the parade lap as the field drove by, the people on the platform began to lean and wave at the cars, which caused the scaffolding to become unstable. It soon tipped forward and fell to the ground, crushing people who were underneath the structure, and the 125–130 people who were on it either fell or jumped to the ground. Linder and Craig were pronounced dead of broken necks, and over 80 were injured, about 22 seriously.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities
After the accident, the Speedway banned "bootleg" homemade scaffolds at the track, a rule that still exists to this day. The track management was scrutinized by the state fire marshal and other officials for allowing the scaffolds to be constructed without permits, inspections, or any sort of safety rules. Other reports even criticized spectators who witnessed the tragedy and did little to offer help, whereas many in attendance were totally unaware of the accident. Johnny Rutherford, who was attending the race for the first time as a spectator, claims to have witnessed the accident. In addition, his future wife Betty Hoyer, a student nurse, attended to the scene.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. Fred Agabashian served as "driver expert" for the second year. After the race, Luke Walton reported from victory lane.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
For the first time, the network reached South Africa via tape-delay rebroadcasts.


1960 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio
Turn 1: Bill FroshTurn 2: John PetersonBackstretch: Bernie HermanTurn 3: Lou PalmerTurn 4: Jim Shelton


1960 Individual Long Track European Championship
The 1960 Individual Long Track European Championship was the fourth edition of the Long Track European Championship. The final was held on 17 July 1960 in Plattling, West Germany.


1960 Individual Long Track European Championship
The  title was won by Josef Hofmeister of West Germany for the second time.


1960 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1960 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 15th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.


1960 Individual Speedway World Championship
The final was held on the 17 September, in front of a 70,000 crowd at Wembley Stadium. In an extremely competitive final three riders tied for first place on 14 points before Ove Fundin won the ride off to claim his second world title. In the ride off Fundin defeated defending champion Ronnie Moore and former champion Peter Craven. Craven had earlier set a track record of 68.8 seconds in his first race.


1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, Continental Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British & Commonwealth semi finals
Top 9 riders based on points accumulated over two rides would progress


1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British & Commonwealth semi finals
+ indicates qualifier for World Final (Bryan Elliott, Ron Johnston and Chum Taylor  were the remaining three riders to qualify)


1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, European Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance •  t - exclusion for touching the tapes •  x - other exclusion •  e - retired or mechanical failure •  f - fell •  ns - non-starter •  nc - non-classify


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final
The 1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final was an association football match played over two legs between Barcelona of Spain and Birmingham City of England. The first leg was played at St Andrew's, Birmingham, on 29 March 1960, and the second leg was played on 4 May at the Camp Nou, Barcelona. It was the final of the second edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, an invitational competition open to teams representing host cities of industrial trade fairs. Birmingham were the first English club side to appear in a European final. Barcelona had beaten the London XI in the inaugural final in 1958, having needed a replay to eliminate Birmingham in the semi-final.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final
Each club needed to progress through three rounds to reach the final. Matches were contested over two legs, with one leg at each team's home ground. Barcelona won each of their three ties by at least two goals, and in the semi-final beat Italian club Inter Milan by eight goals to two. Birmingham's progress to the final was less emphatic, but they still won all three home legs and did not lose away from home. An 8–4 aggregate victory over Belgian club Union Saint-Gilloise represented their biggest winning margin.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final
In the first leg of the final, played in dreadful weather in front of a crowd of 40,524 at St Andrew's, Birmingham produced a fine defensive performance to hold Barcelona to a goalless draw. In the second leg, watched by 70,000 spectators, Barcelona were 2–0 up after only six minutes with goals from Eulogio Martínez and Zoltán Czibor. Czibor scored again and Lluís Coll added a fourth before Harry Hooper's late consolation made the final score 4–1. Thus Barcelona won the trophy for the second consecutive staging of the competition.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background
As friendly matches had often been played between teams from cities hosting international trade fairs, a knockout cup was first proposed in 1950 to provide a competitive structure for such matches. Entry to the competition, which began in 1955 and became known as the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, was by invitation extended not to football clubs but to the host city. Some cities entered a selection including players from more than one of that city's clubs, while others, including the cities of Birmingham and Barcelona, were represented by a single club.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background
To enable matches to be scheduled alongside the associated trade fair, three playing seasons were needed to the complete the inaugural competition. For the second edition, of which this final was the culmination, the organising committee changed the format, removing the initial group stage in favour of a straight 16-team knockout, in order to accommodate the tournament within two normal seasons.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background
CF Barcelona had needed a replay to defeat Birmingham City in the semi-final of the inaugural Fairs Cup, and went on to beat the London representative XI in the final. As champions of Spain in the 1958–59 domestic season, Barcelona qualified for the 1959–60 European Cup, and played matches in that competition alongside the later rounds of the Fairs Cup. Birmingham had reached the final of a European competition for the first time, and were the first English club team to do so.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background
Birmingham had struggled for most of the 1959–60 domestic season. Needing at least a draw from their last First Division match to be sure of avoiding relegation, they won that match, and finished the season in 19th place, two points (equivalent to one win) clear of the relegation zone. In contrast, Barcelona confirmed their second consecutive Spanish league title on the last day of the season, defeating Real Zaragoza by a five-goal margin to ensure parity on points with Real Madrid and increase their advantage on goal average. Barcelona therefore qualified for the 1960–61 European Cup, and both they and Birmingham accepted invitations to participate in that season's Fairs Cup.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona
On a poor pitch made worse by the ground authorities scheduling an amateur match before the main event, and in persistent sleet so cold that players could not feel their feet, Barcelona beat a defensively sound Basel representative eleven 2–1 with goals from Enric Gensana and Evaristo. In the home leg, Barcelona took a four-goal lead before winning the match 5–2 to take the tie 7–3 on aggregate.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona
In the quarter-final, they faced Inter Milan of Italy, whom Barcelona coach Helenio Herrera likened to his own club: a great team with a rich history and excellent imported players. In the home leg, Barcelona won by four goals to nil. ABC's reporter suggested that had Inter's goalkeeper Enzo Matteucci not been on such good form the winning margin might have been even wider, and picked out the defence, especially Rodri, and wing-half Joan Segarra as being outstanding in blunting the attack of the Milan stars. The second leg was played in September 1959, by which time Barcelona, as reigning Spanish champions, were competing in the European Cup as well as the Fairs Cup. Barcelona produced what ABC reported as a "magnificent exhibition" to win the away leg 4–2.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona
On a difficult surface in Belgrade and playing into the wind, Barcelona's defence held its own against the local representative eleven–– effectively a Yugoslav national selection – who played with pace and toughness. Just before the half-time interval, Suárez broke with pace, feeding Eulogio Martínez, who played Evaristo in to score from close range with a powerful shot. In the second half, Kostic was brought down and the referee awarded a penalty, but Antoni Ramallets pushed it out for a corner which led to nothing. This roused the Belgrade players, but Ramallets kept them at bay.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona
In a rare counter-attack, Martínez appeared to be fouled in the penalty area but the referee gave nothing. Halfway through the period, Bora Kostić scored a deserved equaliser. Star of the Barcelona team was Ramón Alberto Villaverde, who was active in all areas of the pitch and picked out by El Mundo Deportivo as the cornerstone of Barcelona's game-plan.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona
Herrera saw the second leg, played some six weeks later, as the hardest match they would play that year, and hoped a replay would not be needed. László Kubala opened the scoring after only five minutes with a free kick from just outside the penalty area, and Barcelona had the better of the first half, but in the 44th minute, a break down the right was finished by Branislav Mihajlović from close range to tie the scores. It was Barcelona who began the second half playing hard, physical football. After 57 minutes, Evaristo avoided the attentions of two opponents to score Barcelona's second. When Martínez' cross shot went in, the Yugoslavs reacted badly, trying to attack the linesman, and Lazar Tasić was sent off. Neither side played football during the last few minutes of the match.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Two weeks before Birmingham's opening match, away to a Cologne representative team, Arthur Turner, who had led Birmingham to the semi-final of the competition the previous season, resigned as joint manager, leaving Pat Beasley in a caretaker role. Watched by a contingent from a local Royal Air Force fighter station, Birmingham fell two goals behind.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Dick Neal reduced the deficit just before half-time, Birmingham spent the interval persuading the referee to fully inflate the ball – the softer ball was perceived as better suited to the Germans' slower style of play – and had much the better of the second half. Harry Hooper scored a fine individual goal to secure a draw. For the second leg, the German side was depleted by injury and work commitments – they were all part-time players – and Birmingham won comfortably with goals from Bunny Larkin and Brian Taylor.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
At home in the first leg against a Zagreb XI full of players with international experience, Birmingham were without Trevor Smith, away with the England under-23 team. They won one-nil, Larkin scoring a first-half header, and goalkeeper Johnny Schofield producing several good saves to maintain the lead. They prepared for the visit to Zagreb with three friendly matches in Switzerland, in one of which Larkin was sent off and received a 14-day suspension from the Football Association (the FA).


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
A lively game in Zagreb finished 3–3, with goals from Larkin (2) and Hooper, giving Birmingham a 4–3 aggregate win, but Smith and Zagreb forward Dionizije Dvornic were sent off late in the game. As one of four players sent off that summer while playing abroad, Smith was severely censured by the FA, who issued a warning that "misconduct on the field of play of the nature reported brings English football into disrepute and may lead to future applications by the clubs concerned to make foreign tours being refused".


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Birmingham went into the away leg of their semi-final against Belgian club Union Saint-Gilloise under strict orders to respect the referee's whistle, and on a mission to "salvag[e] some shred of our Soccer reputation—so ruthlessly wrecked" by Wolverhampton Wanderers' first-leg defeat to East German team Vorwärts Berlin and Manchester United's 6–1 capitulation at home to Real Madrid. Anderlecht manager Bill Gormlie described Union Saint-Gilloise as "fit, fast and powerful", and thought Birmingham "will do well to go home with only a one-goal deficit." In the event, they did rather better than that.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Hooper, Bryan Orritt, Taylor and Jim Barrett, who had signed only days before the game, gave them a 4–2 victory. The match was the last of goalkeeper Gil Merrick's club-record 551 competitive appearances in Birmingham's first team. At St Andrew's, in fog so thick that there was a distinct possibility of the match being abandoned, Birmingham repeated the 4–2 scoreline.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
They became the first British club side to reach a European final, despite playing with ten men from the 18th minute, after Taylor suffered a badly broken leg that was to keep him out of football for a year, and finishing the match with only nine when Barrett was also injured.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, First leg
The Barcelona team chose not to train before the first leg of the final, in Birmingham, preferring to prepare for the game by shopping and sightseeing. The match was played in "bitter, slanting rain" on a St Andrew's pitch that "almost from one goal to the other down the centre, was a series of little lakes". Birmingham played a "fast, open game" more suited to the conditions, while Barcelona's technical superiority was blunted both by the mud and by the "hard-tackling, grafting, bustling Birmingham defence, in which Smith and Neal in particular stood out like rocks long before the end".


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, First leg
In the second half, Barcelona tired; El Mundo Deportivo noted that they had played a league match in Seville only 48 hours earlier and the players were not machines. The home side had three good chances: Ramallets dived at Hooper's feet, Weston ran the ball out of play when under no pressure, and a "sliding tackle from nowhere by Gensana turned away what looked like a certain goal", again for Weston, who said afterwards that the ball had stopped dead in the water.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, First leg
Before the game, Trevor Smith had told the Daily Mirror that his team intended not to commit themselves to tackling their opponents, but rather to "funnel back" in defence, forcing the visitors to shoot from distance. That was indeed how they played, and the tactic was successful. The Mirror's Bill Holden wrote that "for a team struggling against relegation and up against the greatest collection of international stars by any European club, they did a wonderful job". At a time when televised football in Britain was still generally restricted to the FA Cup Final and England international matches, the second half of the match was covered live on the BBC, with commentary by Kenneth Wolstenholme.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
After a heavy defeat to fierce rivals Real Madrid in the semi-final of the European Cup, Barcelona's directors issued a statement stressing the priority they had placed on winning that competition, in financial as well as footballing terms, and dismissed Helenio Herrera. Enric Rabassa was appointed in a caretaker role. With a six-goal lead from the first leg of their Copa del Generalísimo match against Ferrol, they were able to prepare for Birmingham's visit by resting some of their stronger players. El Mundo Deportivo's preview pointed out that Birmingham had been struggling in the league because of injuries, and had saved their best performances for cup matches, courtesy of the tough, tenacious quality of their team.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
The Birmingham party – fifteen players, trainer, manager, doctor and six officials – arrived by air the afternoon before the match. Manager Pat Beasley told the press that his team had recovered from their slump in the league and were in great form, that although Barcelona were a great side, and would want to finish their opponents off in style in front of their fans, particularly after their disappointment in the European Cup, Birmingham's players were quicker and stronger than in the first leg and could spring a surprise.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
Trevor Smith hoped to put a brake on Barcelona as had been done in the first leg, and, while unwilling to make an explicit prediction, could envisage his team winning. The Daily Telegraph's David Miller confirmed that Birmingham were on top form, and reported that he expected at least 100 fans to make the journey from England to support their club.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
Barcelona were two goals ahead after six minutes. The first came when Lluís Coll's corner was headed home by Eulogio Martínez, and a neat move was finished off by Zoltán Czibor who received a 30-yard (27 m) lofted pass on the edge of the penalty area, swivelled, and shot home for the second. Despite numerous corners, there was no further score in the first half, and prompted by the "tireless" Johnny Gordon, Birmingham had attempted to combat Barcelona in midfield.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
But shortly after the interval, Barcelona attacked down the right and Martínez passed to Czibor whose second goal killed the game. Gordon Astall had two chances at goal, the former going wide and the latter being deflected in spectacular fashion by Ramallets, before another attack down the right flank allowed Martínez to feed Coll, whose "fierce right-foot drive through a crowd of players" gave Barcelona a four-goal lead. With little time left, Peter Murphy, making his last appearance for Birmingham, counter-attacked down the left and sent a long cross-field pass towards Hooper, whose mobility helped him beat Ramallets to the ball and score with a header.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
Rabassa had recalled star player László Kubala, who had been largely excluded from the team by Herrera, and once Barcelona established such an early lead, he was able to play a withdrawn role, viewed by El Mundo Deportivo's E.L. Jimeno as directing his team's play as a conductor directs his orchestra. The Times' correspondent's fears that Birmingham had missed their opportunity on a heavy pitch against a tiring opposition – "here was a setting that favoured Birmingham's particular style, and they did not win" – were realised.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
Although in both legs of the final, Birmingham had done their best to play with a greater flexibility than the traditional rigid "British" style, in which players stuck to their allotted position no matter what, such a change in style was not something a team could perfect in a few weeks. Once Barcelona had a two-goal lead so early in the proceedings, the superiority of their players was bound to tell.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg
That reporter congratulated Lucien van Nuffel on his firmness in punishing Birmingham's dangerous play; in the last 15 minutes, some wild tackling had brought cautions for Brian Farmer and Johnny Watts. The official himself said that apart from some ill-temper born of frustration, that he thought he controlled quickly enough, neither side had given him any trouble.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match
According to Jimmy Burns' Barça, Helenio Herrera's ideal team combined "competitive spirit, strength and speed, together with technique". After Barcelona beat English champions Wolverhampton Wanderers 5–2 in the European Cup, Herrera told the assembled press that "You in England are playing now in the style that we Continentals used so many years ago, with much physical strength, but no method, no technique". This final had pitted the "Continental" against the "English" style of play, and the difference was reflected in the scoreline.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match
El Mundo Deportivo repeated the common view that this was attributable to England's relative footballing isolation in recent years. The England team had suffered heavy defeats to European teams during the 1950s and the Football League, having refused Chelsea permission to take part in the inaugural European Cup, attempted to do the same to Manchester United, despite advice from football personalities including England captain Billy Wright that greater contact with Continental football should be encouraged in the interests of improving the standard of the English game.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match
Because employment in English Football League clubs was restricted to those holding British or Irish passports, top foreign players could not play in England even if the maximum wage had not removed any financial incentive to do so: Bimingham's players earned £4 a win, while Barcelona's team received the equivalent of £218 per man for winning the Fairs Cup.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match
The annual meeting of the Fairs Cup organising committee, held in Barcelona alongside the final, decided to run the third edition of the competition within a single playing season. Despite having received applications from numerous additional teams, the organisers were unwilling to raise the number of participants from 16 for fear of fixture congestion. Both Barcelona and Birmingham accepted their invitation to compete: Birmingham reached the 1961 final, in which they lost to A.S. Roma, while Barcelona lost in the quarter-final. As 1960 Spanish champions, they also entered the European Cup and reached the final.


1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match
Birmingham stayed on in Spain for a post-season tour. They were invited to play Third Division Atlético Baleares in honour of the opening of the club's new stadium in Palma de Mallorca, but the game was abandoned with "scuffles going on all over the field" after two Birmingham men, Peter Murphy and Dick Neal, were sent off, the former for a foul on the hosts' captain, Crespí, that broke his leg so badly that he was forced to retire from football.