1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
In the third inning, however, the Yankees began to capitalize on their lead. After allowing hits from Mantle, Berra and Jerry Lumpe, and a walk to Elston Howard, who was pinch-hitting for Harry Simpson, Pizarro was removed from the game. Gene Conley was called in to finish the inning. He did get the last two outs, but gave up a two-run home run to Mantle in the fourth inning.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
By the bottom of the fifth inning, the score was 7–1 in favor of the Yankees. Logan led off with a single, and Eddie Mathews flied to left. Hank Aaron hit one of his three postseason homers to make the game 7–3. After a Covington walk, Joe Adcock and Bob Hazle each made outs to end the fifth. Yankees relief pitcher Don Larsen had his comfortable lead cut down to just four runs.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
In the seventh inning the Yankees secured their lead with a five-run inning against reliever Bob Trowbridge. The five runs started with a two-run bases-loaded single by Bauer and a three-run home run by Kubek. The score was 12–3 heading in to the bottom of the seventh.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
There was only one more hit the rest of the game, a single by Aaron in the ninth. Del Crandall made the last out and the series was on to Game 4 with the Yankees up 2–1. Left fielder Kubek was only the second rookie in history to hit two home runs in a World Series game. This was the first World Series game played in the state of Wisconsin.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
After a game with two homers and four RBIs, Tony Kubek led off the first inning for the Yankees. Kubek bunted, which ultimately led to a run after Mickey Mantle reached on a fielder's choice, Yogi Berra walked, and Gil McDougald singled.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
The second inning started with a single by Hank Aaron and then a stolen base by Wes Covington, but they could not convert. The fourth inning began with a walk to Johnny Logan. Eddie Mathews doubled to right field, which sent Logan to third. Aaron then hit a three-run home run which completely cleared the stadium. The next batter, Covington, grounded out. This was followed by a shot off the bat of Frank Torre, a part-time first baseman who was giving Joe Adcock a day off. The Braves were then up 4–1 against Yankees starter Tom Sturdivant.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
The next four innings for the Yankees were plagued by double plays. Warren Spahn was getting ground out after ground out and the Yankees looked helpless until the ninth. With two outs and a three-run deficit in the top of the ninth, New York found new life in two back-to-back singles. Spahn gave up one to Berra, followed by one to McDougald. With two runners on, Howard hit a three-run homer to tie the game.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
Left-handed Tommy Byrne had replaced right-handed Johnny Kucks in the eighth inning for New York. This prompted Haney to pinch hit Adcock for Torre. Adcock grounded to shortstop and Milwaukee went 1–2–3 that inning. The game thus went on to extra innings.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
Milwaukee starter Spahn came out for the tenth. Kubek got his second hit in the top of the tenth, followed by a triple by Hank Bauer to score a run. After Mantle flied to right, the Braves got ready for the bottom of the tenth down one. Spahn was due up first for the Braves, and Haney opted to pinch hit with Nippy Jones, who had played in just 30 games that year. In what turned out to be his final appearance, Jones was part of a pivotal play in the inning. A wild Tommy Byrne pitch bounced near Jones, but umpire Donatelli initially called a ball. After an argument hinging on a spot of shoe polish on the baseball, Jones convinced umpire Augie Donatelli that he was hit on the shoe.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
The inning continued with Felix Mantilla running for Jones. Red Schoendienst hit a sacrifice bunt to advance Mantilla, who scored the tying run on a double by Logan. Mathews followed with a towering two-run home run to win it for the Braves, 7–5, and tied the series at two games apiece.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
With the opposing teams' top pitchers, Whitey Ford and Lew Burdette, facing each other, Game 5 was expected to be a low-scoring affair. However, the game started out with the Yankees looking to score in the first inning. After a leadoff single by Hank Bauer and a sacrifice bunt by Tony Kubek, Gil McDougald hit a line drive that turned into the second out of the inning. Yogi Berra then grounded out. After that, Burdette only allowed multiple Yankee baserunners in the fourth inning.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
At the start of the sixth inning, the game was still scoreless. In the bottom of the sixth with two outs and nobody on, Eddie Mathews, Hank Aaron, and Joe Adcock singled, scoring Mathews and giving the Braves a 1–0 lead that held up for the rest of the game.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
The Yankees' best scoring chance came in the eighth inning after a hit by Jerry Coleman to right field. Mickey Mantle came in to pinch-run for Coleman, but was caught stealing at second base by catcher Del Crandall. Ford was then taken out and Yankee reliever Bob Turley came in, striking out two batters while giving up no hits in the inning.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
Yogi Berra made the last Yankee out in the 1–0 complete-game by Burdette, and the Milwaukee Braves took the series lead three games to two.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Bob Buhl started for the Braves but did not last very long. In the first two innings, no one scored, although there were some opportunities, including the Yankees' first inning when Enos Slaughter reached third and Yogi Berra got to second on Buhl's wild pitch. Buhl struck out Gil McDougald to end the inning.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
In the bottom of the third, the Yankees scored two runs to take the lead on a Berra two-run homer, scoring Slaughter. After that Ernie Johnson replaced Buhl. Johnson then held the Yankees scoreless until the seventh inning.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
The Braves cut the lead in their half in the fifth on Frank Torre's home run, his second of the series. The Braves then tied it in the top of the seventh with a homer by Hank Aaron, his third. The game was now tied and Braves' pitcher Johnson was holding the Yankees to just one hit in 3+1⁄3 innings. Leading off the seventh, pitcher Bob Turley was out on a bunt attempt with two strikes. Then, right fielder Hank Bauer hit a home run off the left-field foul pole to give the Yankees a one-run lead.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
In the Braves' ninth, after an Eddie Mathews walk, Turley got lefty Wes Covington to ground into a 1–6–3 double play to end the game and force a deciding Game 7.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
Lew Burdette was called in to start game 7 for the Braves on two days' rest when the expected starter, Warren Spahn, was struck with the Asian flu.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
After two scoreless innings, the Braves broke through in the third, started by a Bob Hazle single and an error by Tony Kubek at third base; one of three Yankee errors in the game. The inning continued with a hard-hit Eddie Mathews double, which prompted Casey Stengel to take out starter Don Larsen and bring in lefty Bobby Shantz. Shantz then gave up an RBI single to Hank Aaron and a single by Wes Covington advancing Aaron to third. Frank Torre grounded into a fielders' choice which scored Aaron. Felix Mantilla then flied to Hank Bauer in right to end the inning, ending the Braves' scoring at four runs.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
The Yankees' best chance came in the sixth, when they had runners on first and second with two outs after a Mickey Mantle single and an error by Mathews at third. Gil McDougald then grounded out forcing Mantle at third to end the inning and the threat.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
In the ninth, after Milwaukee made it 5–0 on a Del Crandall homer, the Yankees attempted to mount a rally. With two outs and McDougald on first base, Jerry Coleman singled to right. Then, Tommy Byrne singled to load the bases for Bill Skowron. With the tying run on deck, Burdette retired Skowron on a ground out to third with Mathews making the final out which secured the world championship for the Braves.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
In the game, the Yankees were limited to seven hits and one walk. Burdette was named the Series MVP after pitching three complete games and two shutouts. He was the first pitcher since Christy Mathewson to pitch two shutouts in a World Series.


1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7
Despite the Yankees having made 17 more appearances in the World Series since this one, this game to date is the most recent time that the team has hosted a World Series Game 7.


1957 World Series, Composite line score
1957 World Series (4–3): Milwaukee Braves (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.)


1957 World Sportscar Championship
The 1957 World Sportscar Championship season was the fifth season of the FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was a series for sportscars that ran in many worldwide endurance events. It ran from 20 January 1956 to 3 November 1957, and comprised seven races.


1957 World Sportscar Championship
Following the shortest season in World Sportscar Championship history, the 1957 season saw the return of the 24 Hours of Le Mans following track modifications as a direct result of the 1955 Le Mans disaster. In addition, the Venezuelan Grand Prix was added to the championship calendar.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The 1957 World Sports Car Championship was contested over seven races. Following the shortest season in World Sportscar Championship history, the 1957 season saw the return of the 24 Hours of Le Mans following track modifications as a direct result of the 1955 Le Mans disaster. In addition, there was a new race on the calendar, a trip to northern coast of South America for the Venezuelan Grand Prix.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The Championship was remained for manufacturers, and works teams such as Scuderia Ferrari, Officine Alfieri Maserati, and Aston Martin leading the way, but as the previous seasons, the majority of the fields were made up of amateur or gentlemen drivers, often up against professional racing drivers with experience in Formula One. Sometimes, even the Drivers World Champion joined in.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
Maserati had the commitment and the money to success in 1957, and it armed itself with the World’s finest driver, Juan Manuel Fangio, and the potent Maserati 450S. To add to their unfair advantage, they employed a young Englishman, Stirling Moss. Despite leaving their Formula One team, he remained with the Modena team for the World Sportscar Championship.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The season opened in Argentina, where Fangio and Moss led imperiously in the 1000 km Buenos Aires, until they retired with transmission failure. As for Ferrari, it was left to the privateer entry of Temple Buell to take the victory, and give Maranello the initial points lead in the championship. Next up was the Sebring 12 Hours. There Maserati dominated with Fangio and Jean Behra leading throughout, with Moss and Harry Schell backing them up. As for Ferrari, they sent the first two 315 S to Florida, but both were slowed with brake and tyre problems.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
For the Mille Miglia, Maserati’s challenge was over before it had really begun, with Behra smashing his car prior to the event in a road accident, and Moss retiring with brake failure just 12 km from the start.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
With Maserati out of contention, Ferrari had no more real opposition and Piero Taruffi won the last Mille Miglia, ahead of Wolfgang von Trips, both in 315 S. The initial pace was set by Peter Collins in a Ferrari 335 S. He imposed a remarkable pace on the marathon and on course to smash the course record, when a broken transmission put an end to his race. The second 335 S, driven by Alfonso de Portago and Edmont Nelson, was always up among the leaders, but about 10 km from the finish, a tyre blowout caused the car to charge off the road and into a group of spectators, killing nine onlookers and the crew.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The race at the Nürburgring showed that the British were a force to be reckoned with. The race victory did not go to either of the major Italian marques, as they were beaten by the Aston Martin DBR1/300 of Tony Brooks and Noël Cunningham-Reid, gaining the manufacturer their first points of the season. The British success continued in the next round at Le Mans, when Grand Prix of Endurance returned to the championship. Never before in the history of the French event, did a single nation sweep the broad so completely as Britain did in 1957.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The brilliant success of the Jaguars in taking first four and sixth places became all the more significant when it is considered that every one of these cars was privately entered, and matched against the works teams of most of the greatest sport car manufacturers, with victory going to the Scottish entrant, Ecurie Ecosse.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
Normal service resumed in Sweden, when Ferrari and Maserati returned to the front of the field. As the Swedish race regulations allowed limitless driver changes, Maserati planned to use only its three best drivers – Schell/Moss/Behra, with the later pair winning the race, while the former pair retired whilst in second place when it transmission seized.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The outcome of the championship depended on the result of the finale, the Venezuelan Grand Prix in Caracas. The works Maseratis were supported by the American entrant Temple Buell.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
The race became an infamous disaster for Maserati, when on lap two Masten Gregory flipped Buell’s 450S. Moss led until he collided with a slow back marker who strolled across his racing line, demolishing his 450S. Its sister 450S ignited during a pit stop, injuring Behra, but Moss and Schell continued to race the car, until Schell was hit by team-mate Joakim Bonnier and his 300S, following a loss of a wheel. So four front-line Maseratis started the deciding Championship race, and all four had crashed - leaving the world title to Ferrari. For the record, Ferrari still took a 1-2 finish.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season
Just this one catastrophic race for Maserati, when four of their big, expensive cars were destroyed, had been enough to push their finances over the edge and the company into virtual oblivion, at least as a racing team. At the very moment when Fangio was giving Officine Alfieri Maserati  its first world championship in Formula One, the firm was going into survival mode. It was fared never to recover its position in the world of racing, and would spend decades trying to establish itself as a manufacturer of road cars.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Results
Note the RAC Tourist Trophy was given championship status but as in 1956 did not take place due to concerns about the safety of the Dundrod Circuit.


1957 World Sportscar Championship, The cars
The following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Stockholm from March 7 to March 15, 1957.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles was the 24th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ivan Andreadis and Ladislav Štípek won the title after defeating Ichiro Ogimura and Toshiaki Tanaka in the final by three sets to one.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles was the 24th edition of the men's singles championship.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Toshiaki Tanaka defeated Ichiro Ogimura in the final, winning three sets to nil to secure the title.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 24th edition of the men's team championship.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
Japan won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-2 in the final. China and Czechoslovakia won bronze medals after elimination from the semi final round.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles was the 24th edition of the mixed doubles championship. Ichiro Ogimura and Fujie Eguchi won the title after defeating Ivan Andreadis and Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles was the 23rd edition of the women's doubles championship. Lívia Mossóczy and Agnes Simon defeated Diane Rowe and Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles was the 24th edition of the women's singles championship. Fujie Eguchi defeated Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two, to win the title.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
The 1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 17th edition of the women's team championship.


1957 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
Japan won the gold medal, Romania won the silver medal and China won the bronze medal.


1957 World University Games
1957 World University Games were held between 31 August and 8 September. They were organised under the direction of Jean Petitjean by the Paris University Club in Paris at their Stadium Charlety. He engaged an American student athlete at the Paris University Club, Martin Feinberg as his assistant. Mr. Petitjean met with and encouraged both eastern and western block Student Sports Federations to participate together; which they did for the first time since the end of World War II.


1957 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1957 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Tehran, Iran from November 8 to November 12, 1957. There were 76 men in action from 21 nations.


1957 World Women's Handball Championship
The 1957 World Women's Handball Championship took place in Virovitica, Croatia and Belgrade, Serbia within Yugoslavia in 1957.


1957 World Women's Handball Championship, Final standings, Final ranking
Team roster: Anna Čápová (Ríšová), Věra Aschenbrenerová, Vlasta Čiháková, Jana Housková, Stanislava Kučerová, Květa Marzinová, Květa Janečková, Pavla Bartáková, Věra Dvořáková, Blanka Kotlínová, Jana Maléřová and Veronika Schmidtová (Ilavská). Trainers: Karel Hošťalek, Ladislav Gross


1957 World Wrestling Championships
The 1957 World Freestyle Wrestling Championship were held in Istanbul, Turkey.


1957 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1957 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Devaney, the Cowboys compiled a 4–3–3 record (3–2–2 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 139 to 135.


1957 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1957 season was Bob Devaney's first as a head coach. He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame


1957 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1957 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulldogs were led by sixth-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 6–2–1 record.


1957 Yorkshire Cup
The 1957 Yorkshire Cup was the 50th occasion on which the Yorkshire Cup competition had been held. Huddersfield won the trophy by beating York by the score of 15-8.


1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results
This season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no "leavers" and so the total of entries remained the  same at sixteen.


1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results
This in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.


1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results, Round 1
Round 1 involved 8 matches (with no byes) and 16 clubs.


1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results, Final
The match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 22,531 and receipts were £4,123.


1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results, Final, Teams and Scorers
Scoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points


1957 Zanzibari general election
General elections for the Legislative Council were held in Zanzibar for the first time in July 1957. It was largely a contest between the Afro-Shirazi Union and the Zanzibar Nationalist Party, with the ASU and its supporters winning five of the six contested seats. They were also the first elections to be held in East Africa.


1957 Zanzibari general election, Background
In 1926 the British colonial authorities introduced Legislative and Executive Councils to the islands, preventing the Sultan from legislating without their consent. In 1954 the number of members of the Council was expanded to 12. Two years later the British authorities appointed Walter Coutts to advise the government on how to obtain public representation on the Council, albeit as "unofficial" members. Coutts' report suggested election of six members based on a list system, with candidates limited to property owners, people over 40, and those with a specific level of education, and that voters should meet the property criteria. This proposal meant that only 14% of the islands' population were eligible to vote.


1957 Zanzibari general election, Campaign
The main parties were the Zanzibar Nationalist Party, which had been established in December 1955, and the Afro-Shirazi Union, founded in February 1957 by a merger of the African Association (founded in 1934) and the Shirazi Association (1938), whilst the Indian-dominated Muslim Association also competed.


1957 Zanzibari general election, Results
The election was characterised by significant interest, and voter turnout was 90.2%.


1957 Zanzibari general election, Aftermath
Following the election, both the ZNP and ASU experienced infighting, resulting in some ASU members leaving to establish the Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party in 1959, and some ZNP members leaving to form the Umma Party in 1963.


1957 Zanzibari general election, Aftermath
In 1960 Sir Hilary Blood was appointed Constitutional Commissioner by the British authorities, with the remit to advise the government on constitutional development in Zanzibar. His proposals included making the leader of the party with the most seats Chief Minister, for ministerial portfolios to be created, for the Council to have 22 constituency-based seats, that electoral qualifications should be abolished, and that women should have the right to vote.


1957 Zanzibari general election, Aftermath
The British government accepted Blood's proposals, and fresh elections were held in January 1961.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt
The 1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt refers to violent confrontations on 13 April 1957 at the large army barracks in Zarqa between royalist, mostly Bedouin units, loyal to King Hussein, and Nasserist-style Arab nationalist units.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt
A military maneuver named "Operation Hashem" was initiated on 8 April and it encircled the capital Amman. When Hussein asked Ali Abu Nuwar (Army chief of staff) about the maneuver he claimed that it was a normal military exercise. Hussein, suspicious that this was a show of strength by Abu Nuwar to overthrow him and enter a union with the United Arab Republic, ordered Abu Nuwar to withdraw the unit which he heeded. The Arabist government of Suleiman Nabulsi was forced to resign on 10 April after its policies clashed frequently with that of the Palace.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt
On 13 April, rioting broke in the Zarqa barracks, Hussein (aged 21) went to end the violence between royalist and Arabist units after the Arabists spread rumors that Hussein was killed. A 3,000-man Syrian force started moving south in support of what they perceived as a coup attempt, but turned around after the army units showed their loyalty to the King.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt
Two principal accounts emerged regarding the events at Zarqa, with the royalist version holding that the incident was an abortive coup by Abu Nuwar  against King Hussein, and the dissident version asserting that it was a staged, American-backed counter-coup by Hussein against the pan-Arabist movement in Jordan. In any case, Abu Nuwar and other senior Arabist officers resigned and were allowed to leave Jordan for Syria where they incited opposition to the Monarchy.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt
Hussein imposed martial law and disbanded Palestinian-dominated military units after the incident. Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. The alleged conspirators were sentenced to 15 years in absentia, but later on were pardoned by Hussein in 1964 as part of his reconciliation efforts with his exiled opposition, and were given senior posts in the government.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Prelude
In the October 1956 general elections, the National Socialist Party (NSP) won 12 seats. King Hussein asked Suleiman Nabulsi, the leader of the NSP to form a government. Thus, he became prime minister of a socialist Arab nationalist government that identified more with Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser than Hussein. Nabulsi merged the Arab Legion with the Palestinian-dominated National Guard, creating a 35,000-strong Jordanian Army, and established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Strained relations between the Palace and the Government reached its peak in March after Nabulsi provided Hussein with a list of senior officers in the military he wanted to dismiss, Hussein heeded initially, but then Nabulsi presented a new list which Hussein refused.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Amid the political chaos in Jordan and two days before Nabulsi's forced resignation, an army unit from the First Armoured Brigade commanded by Captain Nadhir Rashid engaged in a maneuver, named "Operation Hashem" in honor of the Hashemite royal family, at the major intersections of Amman. The move raised Hussein's suspicions and prompted him to order Abu Nuwar to withdraw the unit, which he did. Hussein believed the move was a presage to an impending coup.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Abu Nuwar sought to allay Hussein's concerns and told him it was a routine exercise executed numerous times in the preceding years to monitor the traffic into and out of the city, while Rashid later claimed it was part of a broader contingency plan to move troops to the West Bank in the event of an Israeli invasion. According to Pearson, Rashid's maneuver was meant to intimidate Hussein, while historian Betty Anderson has speculated that the "officers could have been testing the waters to see what they could achieve militarily". Whatever the actual reason for the maneuver, it heightened Hussein's suspicions of a coup by Abu Nuwar and the Arab nationalists, and it prompted warnings from veteran royalist officials, namely Bahjat al-Talhouni and Sharif Nasser, that such a coup was impending.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
On 13 April, rioting broke out at the army barracks in Zarqa, which contained the largest concentration of troops in the country, between mostly hadari (non-Bedouin) units loyal to Abu Nuwar and Bedouin-dominated units loyal to Hussein. Two main accounts emerged regarding this incident, known as the "Zarqa uprising" among other names, with one account having been advanced by Hussein and Western historiographers and the other by political dissidents and many in the Jordanian and Arab press.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Pearson has said the "incident is steeped in mystery and persistent controversy", and Anderson likewise has written that "questions abound about whether this coup attempt originated with the military, led by Abu Nuwar and the Free Officers, or with the king and the Americans, who wanted an excuse to remove" the Arab nationalist movement "from Jordan's political scene".


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
According to Hussein's account of the events, Abu Nuwar and the Free Officers had planned for the Bedouin-dominated First Infantry Regiment in Zarqa to participate in a training exercise in the desert without ammunition to render it unavailable for Hussein to use against a planned anti-government demonstration scheduled to be held by Nabulsi on 14 April. Hussein was still wary of Nabulsi due to an alleged intercept of a message from Nasser imploring Nabulsi to resist his dismissal from the premiership.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Hussein was informed of the Free Officers' alleged plot by Sharif Naser and Bedouin officers from Zarqa on the evening of 13 April. The incident coincided with a delivery by Abu Nuwar of an ultimatum to Prime Minister Said al-Mufti (Nabulsi's successor) warning Hussein to appoint a government reflecting the will of the elected parliament or face an army revolt. Al-Mufti apparently broke down emotionally in Hussein's presence, prompting the latter to inquire from Abu Nuwar about the ultimatum, to which Abu Nuwar professed his surprise.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Hussein then brought Abu Nuwar along with him to inspect the scene at Zarqa, where Hussein was told by loyalist officers from Zarqa that rumors of his death had provoked heavy clashes between his loyalists and those of Abu Nuwar and that only the physical presence of Hussein would put an end to the fighting. Moreover, Hussein was told that Rashid and Ma'an Abu Nuwar (a distant cousin of Abu Nuwar) had been ordered to Amman to besiege the royal palace and arrest Hussein. A 3,000 men Syrian force started moving south in support of what they perceived as a coup attempt, but turned around after the army units showed their loyalty to the King.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Both accounts agree that the during the fighting in al-Zarqa, numerous Free Officers were rounded up and arrested by loyalist Bedouin officers. Both accounts also agree that as Hussein made his way into Zarqa, he was cheered on by loyalist soldiers and he intervened in the middle of the clashes at his own risk and was emotionally embraced by his supporters, who chanted "Death to Abu Nuwar and all the traitors!"


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Abu Nuwar remained in the car, fearful for his life by Hussein's loyalist troops and he then apparently begged Hussein to protect him and allow him to return to Amman, which Hussein agreed to. By nightfall, Abu Nuwar persuaded Hussein to allow him to leave the country and on the morning of 14 March, he officially resigned and departed for Damascus, Syria with his family.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Major-General Ali al-Hiyari, Abu Nuwar's chief rival in the Jordanian army, was appointed as Abu Nuwar's replacement, but on 20 April, he defected to Syria. Al-Hiyari claimed that prior to the incident at Zarqa and shortly after the forced resignation of al-Nabulsi's cabinet, palace officials had canvassed the army general staff to inquire about the officers' opinions regarding a change in direction of the new government away from the pan-Arabist policies of Egypt and Syria.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Accordingly, when Abu Nuwar and the Free Officers voiced their refusal "to use the army against" the popular will in the country, palace officials laid out plans to royalist officers, including al-Hiyari, for a false flag operation at Zarqa. Al-Hiyari's account was widely reported throughout Jordan and the Arab world, and despite dismissal of the account by palace officials, it led to further public skepticism toward the official version of events regarding the alleged coup plot.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Abu Nuwar consistently denied any betrayal of Hussein and claimed he was a "fall man", the victim of political intrigue in the kingdom in which his rivals sought to discredit him. At a press conference in Damascus, he stated that the entire incident was an overreaction by Hussein to sensational and false reports of a coup plot and that the incident was likely a preemptive coup by Hussein and the old guard, supported or engineered by US intelligence, against the main proponents of pan-Arab unity in Jordan.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa
Rashid and Ma'an Abu Nuwar likewise strongly denied any kind of coup plot on their end. According to Pearson, the accounts of the Free Officers and al-Hiyari were lent further credence by the lack of evidence in the military trials against the alleged conspirators who were arrested, the light sentences that they were given and the eventual rehabilitation of the alleged conspirators, including Abu Nuwar, who were later reassigned to high-ranking posts in the state and military.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Aftermath
On 22 April, Abu Nuwar issued a radio statement from the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station denouncing Hussein. In coordination with Abu Nuwar, the following day, a Patriotic Congress consisting of Hussein's opposition was held in Nablus in the West Bank demanding major palace officials be dismissed, expulsion of the American ambassador and military attaché, rejection of the Eisenhower Doctrine, federal unity with Egypt and Syria and reinstatement of the dismissed army officers, including Abu Nuwar.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Aftermath
As a result of the congress, Hussein put Nablus, Jerusalem and Amman under military curfew, dissolved political parties, imposed press censorship, dismissed municipal councils in the West Bank in favor of military governors, disbanded Palestinian-dominated army units, arrested al-Nabulsi (who had since been made foreign minister) and dismissed the cabinet of Prime Minister Fakhri al-Khalidi. Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. The incident strained Jordan's relations with Syria and Egypt.


1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Aftermath
Egypt and Syria announced a union under the United Arab Republic, headed by Gamal Abdel Nasser in February 1958. The announcement led to Jordan and Hashemite Iraq to found the Arab Federation just a few weeks afterwards. On 14 July, King Faisal II of Iraq (Hussein's cousin) was killed in a bloody coup along with the rest of Hashemite family in Iraq. The coup transformed Iraq into a republic, thus ending the Federation between the two countries. Former prime minister Ibrahim Hashem and other Jordanian officials who were on an official visit to Iraq were also killed.


1957 and 1958 Packards
The 1957 and 1958 Packard lineup of automobiles were based on Studebaker models: restyled, rebadged, and given more luxurious interiors. After 1956 production, the Packard engine and transmission factory was leased to the Curtiss-Wright Corporation while the assembly plant on Detroit's East Grand Boulevard was sold, ending the line of Packard-built cars. However, Studebaker-Packard executives hoped to keep the Packard name alive until a fully restyled model could be funded, developed, and produced. These cars were built in hopes that enough would be sold to enable the company to design and build a completely new luxury Packard.


1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper
For the 1957 model year, Studebaker-Packard took its top-of-the-line model, the President, and added a revised grille and taillights along with a Packard-styled dashboard and called the car the Packard Clipper. Two models were produced in 1957, a four-door Town Sedan and a station wagon Clipper Country Sedan.


1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper
Carryover parts from earlier Packard models included taillights, wheel covers, block letters on hood, instruments and radios. The headlight 'eyebrows' and front bumper assembly were styled for a Packard appearance. A 1955 hood ornament was modified to fit the Studebaker hood shape and the long, wide side trim was designed to be reminiscent of recent Packard trim. A stamped overlay for the lower rear fenders also gave them a body crease line suggestive of the side trim of the 1956 Caribbean.


1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper
Dashboard and interior were all Packard styled. Some former president features like the rear folding seat armrest and faired-in door armrests were reserved for the Clippers, with the addition of door mounted ashtrays, thick pile carpeting, and exclusive Packard-style cloth/vinyl fabrics. Other unique features included under-dash courtesy lights, fully padded dash top (that unfortunately didn't hold up well long term in the sun), padded sun visors, and gold-plated horn ring.


1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper
When Packard dealers saw the resulting car at regional previews, the response was quick, angry, and loud. Many dealers felt the Clipper was too similar to the Studebaker on which it was based and dropped Packard completely. Sales were a low 4,809, almost all of which were the Town Sedan. Critics bestowed the derisive name "Packardbaker" on the cars.


1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper
In order to produce an engine of appropriate power for a Packard, a McCulloch-supercharged version of Studebaker's 289 in3 (4.7 L) small-block V8 was used, giving 275 bhp (205 kW), equivalent to the Packard engines in use the year before (and likewise used in the Studebaker Golden Hawk). Since the Studebaker-bodied cars were quite a bit lighter than the previous year's Packards, the 1957 Packard range actually had quite exceptional performance for the time.


1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper
Writer and auto historian Richard Langworth has noted that while these cars weren't truly Packards, they were, however, very good Studebakers.


1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards
1958 saw the Packard line expanded to four models; a 4-door sedan, a 2-door hardtop (sometimes referred to as the "Starlight", a name used by Studebaker), a 4-door station wagon, and the Packard Hawk, a modification of Studebaker's Golden Hawk with a "fishmouth" Packard grille.


1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards
Restyled by Duncan McRae, Studebaker-Packard's finances dictated that the changes for 1958 be made as cheaply as possible. Quad headlights, as on Studebakers, were achieved by affixing pods to the previous year's front fenders designed for two headlights. In the rear, McRae attempted to follow the tailfin craze established by Chrysler's 1957 "Forward Look" by crafting outward-canted steel fin extensions that were mounted to the tops of the existing vertical rear fenders. 1956 Clipper taillight units continued to be used. Packards also adopted a low, wide "fishmouth" grille to further distinguish them from their Studebaker cousins.


1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards
Other notable changes included the hardtops' astonishingly attractive rooflines, very similar to concurrent Chrysler/Desoto designs. Also, the switch to a one-piece drive shaft allowed Studebaker engineers to flatten the floor, which also allowed flattening of the roof panels on sedan and hardtop models. Packard (and Studebaker) also switched to 14" wheels so most 1958 models are noticeably lower.


1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards
Despite McRae's efforts, the car that emerged appeared cobbled together, rather than as a cohesive design. Auto reviewer "Uncle" Tom McCahill remarked that from the rear it looked as if the cars had been left in the sun too long and the canted fiberglass fins had started to melt down the straight rear fender sides.


1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards
Only 2,034 of the three standard models (sedan, hardtop and station wagon) were produced; an additional 588 Packard Hawks were built as well. The rarest of all '58 Packards is the station wagon, with only 159 produced. The last Packard rolled off the South Bend assembly line on July 25, 1958.


1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards
In 1962 the Studebaker-Packard Corporation officially dropped "Packard" from its name.


1957 and 1958 Packards, Trivia
A pink, purple, and gold 1958 Packard estate car is seen in the 2001 film Hearts in Atlantis.


1957 elections in India, Presidential election
The Election Commission of India held the second presidential elections of India on May 6, 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his nearest rival Chowdhry Hari Ram.


1957 elections in India, General election
General elections to the second Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 24 February to 14 March 1957. The Indian National Congress (INC) easily won the second term, winning 371 of the 494 seats and their vote share increased from 45.0% to 47.8%.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections
Legislative Assembly elections in India were conducted for Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Karnataka,  Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal legislative assemblies in 1957.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Andhra Pradesh*
* : On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with Hyderabad State in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh. The  districts of Raichur, Gulbarga and the Marathwada district were detached from the Hyderabad State, while merging with Andhra State. In addition, the Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were transferred from Mysore State to Andhra Pradesh.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Bihar*
* : Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Bombay*
* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was re-organized by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost districts of Bombay were transferred to Mysore State while Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Kerala*
* : In 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, Kanyakumari district was transferred to Madras State.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Madhya Pradesh*
* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal state and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Nagpur Division was transferred to Bombay State.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Madras*
* : On 1 November 1956, the southern part of Travancore-Cochin (Kanyakumari district) was added to the Madras State while the Malabar district of the state was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory, Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was created.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Mysore*
* : On 1 November 1956, Mysore state was enlarged by the addition of Coorg State, the Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district and the South Kanara district (except the Kasaragod taluk) of Madras State,  and the Kannada speaking districts from southern Bombay state and western Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were detached from the Mysore State.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Punjab*
* : Punjab was enlarged by the addition of Patiala & East Punjab States Union in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Rajasthan*
* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh.


1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, West Bengal*
* : West Bengal was enlarged by the addition of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.


1957 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in Afghanistan.


1957 in Afghanistan, June 8–11, 1957
H.S. Suhrawardi, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, visits Kabul and, as a result of his conversation with Mohammad Daud, the two governments agree to restore full diplomatic relations between the two countries.


1957 in Afghanistan, July 17–31, 1957
King Mohammad Zahir Shah, accompanied by Mohammad Naim, Deputy Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs (he is also a cousin of the king and his brother-in-law), pays a state visit to the U.S.S.R. After a few days in Moscow, the king tours the Soviet Union.


1957 in Afghanistan, July 17–31, 1957
On his return to Moscow he and Kliment Voroshilov, chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, sign on July 30 a joint communiqué emphasizing the desire of their governments "to develop and promote the welfare of their countries"; the king explains to the Soviet statesmen "the neutral policy of Afghanistan" and the two parties affirm that "the principle of peaceful coexistence between all the nations" is in tune with the principles of the UN Charter. A statement is issued on July 31 that Soviet technicians will assist Afghanistan in prospecting for oil in the Maiman and Mazar-i-Sharif areas, near the Soviet frontier. On August 31 Mohammad Naim announces at Kabul that Afghanistan will receive about $25,000,000 worth of Soviet military material.


1957 in Afghanistan, August 26, 1957
King Mohammad Zahir arrives in Turkey for a 15-day official visit.


1957 in Afghanistan, Autumn 1957
Mohammad Daud Khan, the prime minister, pays a visit to Burma and to the People's Republic of China where, on October 25, Mao Zedong gives a banquet to honour the representative of a nation "that valiantly resisted colonialism."


1957 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in Australia.


1957 in Australia, Science and technology
The CSIRO develop radar and microwave navigation systems for aircraft.


1957 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1957.


1957 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1957 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1957 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1957 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1957 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1957 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 56th season of competitive football in the country.


1957 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1957.


1957 in Brazilian television
This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1957.


1957 in British music
This is a summary of 1957 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.


1957 in British radio
This is a list of events from British radio in 1957.


1957 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1957.


1957 in Canadian football
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats defeat the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the Grey Cup.


1957 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1957
In March 1957, the CRU officially adopted a resolution allowing the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) to retain its constitutional right to challenge for the Grey Cup but left it up to the Western Interprovincial Football Union and the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union to decide when the ORFU had sufficiently improved its calibre of play.


1957 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1957
The Canadian Football Council (CFC) allowed interference to be legal up to third 5-yard stripe by eligible blockers.


1957 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1957
The 45th annual Grey Cup game was televised live from coast to coast in Canada for the first time. TV rights brought in $125,000 for the CFC.


1957 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1957 in Canadian television
This is a list of Canadian television-related events in 1957.


1957 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in Cape Verde.


1957 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in Chile.


1957 in China
Events in the year 1957 in China. The country had an estimated population of 635 million people.


1957 in Croatian television
This is a list of Croatian television related events from 1957.


1957 in Danish television
This is a list of Danish television related events from 1957.


1957 in Danish television, Deaths
This Danish television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1957 in Dutch television
This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1957.


1957 in Dutch television, Deaths
This Dutch television–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1957 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1957 in Estonia.


1957 in Estonian television
This is a list of Estonian television related events from 1957.


1957 in French television
This is a list of French television related events from 1957.


1957 in German television
This is a list of German television related events from 1957.


1957 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1957 in Iceland.


1957 in India
Events in the year 1957 in the Republic of India.


1957 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1957 include:


1957 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1957 include:


1957 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1957 include:


1957 in Italian television
This is a list of Italian television related events from 1956.


1957 in Japan
Events in the year 1957 in Japan. It corresponds to Shōwa 32 (昭和32年)) in the Japanese calendar.


1957 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in Laos.


1957 in Libya
The following lists events that happened in 1957 in Libya.


1957 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


1957 in Malaya
This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1957, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans. Malaya became independent from British colonial rule on 31 August 1957.


1957 in Michigan, Top stories
The Associated Press, United Press and Detroit Free Press each ranked the top Michigan news stories of 1957 as follows:


1957 in Michigan, Population
In the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.


1957 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1957 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1957 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during  1957 in New Zealand.


1957 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
The 31st New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the National government under Sidney Holland and later Keith Holyoake. The general election saw the Labour Party win by a narrow two-seat margin.


1957 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1957 film awards, 1957 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1957 films


1957 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls
The national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Auckland.


1957 in Norwegian football
The 1957 season was the 52nd season of competitive football in Norway.


1957 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1957 in Norwegian music.


1957 in Scottish television
This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1957.


1957 in Singapore
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in Colony of Singapore.


1957 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in South Africa.


1957 in Taiwan
Events from the year 1957 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 46 according to the official Republic of China calendar.


1957 in Thailand
The year 1957 was the 176th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 12th in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2500 in the Buddhist Era.


1957 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1957 to Wales and its people.


1957 in architecture
The year 1957 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.


1957 in association football
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1957 throughout the world.


1957 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1957  throughout the world.


1957 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1957.


1957 in film
The year 1957 in film involved some significant events. The Bridge on the River Kwai topped the year's box office in North America, France, and Germany, and won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture.


1957 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1957 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:


1957 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
The year 1957 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian fine arts.


1957 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1957.


1957 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1957.


1957 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1957 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1957 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1957 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1957.


1957 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest chart positions in the charts of 1957.


1957 in music, US No. 1 hit singles
These singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1957.


1957 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1957.


1957 in paleontology, Arthropoda, newly named insects
Extinct Myrmeciin ant genus, jr synonym of type species Archimyrmex, sole species A. piatnitzkii


1957 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1957 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1957 in poetry, Works in other languages
Listed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1957 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1957 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1957 in professional wrestling
1957 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1957 in radio
The year 1957 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting history.


1957 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1957.


1957 in science
The year 1957 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1957 in spaceflight
The first orbital flight of an artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in October 1957, by the Soviet Union. In November, the second orbital flight took place. The Soviet Union launched the first animal to orbit the Earth, a dog, Laika, who died in orbit a few hours after launch.


1957 in sports
1957 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1957 in television
The year 1957 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1957.


1957 in the Belgian Congo
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in the Belgian Congo.


1957 in the Philippines
1957 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1957.


1957 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1957 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


1957 in the Vietnam War
In 1957 South Vietnam's President Ngô Đình Diệm visited the United States and was acclaimed a "miracle man' who had saved one-half of Vietnam from communism. However, in the latter part of the year, violent incidents committed by anti-Diệm insurgents increased and doubts about the viability of Diệm's government were expressed in the media and by U.S. government officials.


1957 in the Vietnam War
The term "Viet Cong" for the communist cadres in South Vietnam began to replace the older term "Viet Minh" in common usage.


1957 in the Vietnam War, January
The military budget for the government of South Vietnam in 1957 was projected to total $207 million dollars of which $187 million would come from the United States. Seventy percent of the U.S. assistance was spent paying the salaries of South Vietnamese armed forces.


1957 in the Vietnam War, January
An author in the prestigious American Journal Foreign Affairs said that "South Vietnam today is a quasi-police state characterized by arbitrary arrests and imprisonments, strict censorship of the press and the absence of an effective political opposition.


1957 in the Vietnam War, January
The International Control Commission, formed to administer the Geneva Accords of 1954, said that neither North or South Vietnam had been in compliance with the agreement.


1957 in the Vietnam War, February
When Diệm delivered a speech at an agricultural fair in Buôn Ma Thuột, a communist cadre named Hà Minh Tri attempted to assassinate him by firing a pistol from close range, but missed, hitting the Secretary for Agrarian Reform's left arm. The weapon jammed and security overpowered Tri before he was able to fire another shot.


1957 in the Vietnam War, April
A CIA National Intelligence Estimate said that the Viet Cong in South Vietnam numbered 5,000 to 8,000 and along with about 2,000 armed members of the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo sects were "widely dispersed and probably not capable of more than local harassment of government forces and local populations."


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
The Civil Police Administration project of Michigan State University surveyed the police and paramilitary resources of South Vietnam. The para-military Civil Guard (CG) had 54,000 members and was responsible for patrolling rural areas and maintaining law and order. The Self Defense Corps (SDC) with about 50,000 members was a militia force to protect villages from subversive activities. These two organizations were poorly equipped, trained, and disciplined, especially the SDC whose "capability to withstand assaults by armed and organized Viet Cong units is virtually nil." In addition, in many areas the SDC was infiltrated by the communists.


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
A new U.S. Ambassador in South Vietnam, Elbridge Durbrow warned the Department of State that Diệm had "become more intolerant of dissenting opinions" and that he relied "heavily on a small circle of advisers including members of his family."


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
On an official visit to the United States, President Diệm arrived at noon on May 8 at the National Airport in Washington, D.C. aboard the plane of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Columbine III, a silver Lockheed Constellation. Diệm was received at the airport by Eisenhower, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Nathan Twining. It was only the second time that Eisenhower had greeted a visitor at the airport.


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
Diệm addressed the United States Congress and received a standing ovation.


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
Diệm was accorded a ticker tape parade in New York City and acclaimed by Mayor Robert Wagner as "a man history may yet adjudge as one of the great figures of the twentieth century."


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
Life Magazine called Diệm "The Tough Miracle Man of Vietnam." He was similarly lauded in other U.S. publications.


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
Diệm departed the United States to return to South Vietnam. This date was also Ho Chi Minh's birthday.


1957 in the Vietnam War, May
The number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam was increased from 692 to 736, the great majority being assigned to the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG).


1957 in the Vietnam War, June
Lê Duẩn, Secretary General of the Communist Party in North Vietnam, wrote a report advocating for North Vietnam to do more to support the communists, now commonly called the Viet Cong, in South Vietnam while continuing to focus on building a socialist society in the North.


1957 in the Vietnam War, July
The relative peace in South Vietnam during the past year was broken when anti-government dissidents killed 17 people in a bar in the Châu Đốc massacre. The massacre was attributed to remnants of the Hòa Hảo religious sect which had been repressed by Diệm in 1955 and 1956. The killings were the beginning of a low level campaign targeting government officials, school teachers, and village chief's families.


1957 in the Vietnam War, July
South Vietnam's ambitious land reform program had only distributed 35,700 hectares (88,000 acres) to 18,800 farmers during nearly two years of operation. This compared with nearly 1,000,000 hectares (2,500,000 acres) of land estimated to be available for redistribution.


1957 in the Vietnam War, September
The District Chief of Mỹ Tho Province and his family were assassinated.


1957 in the Vietnam War, October
A bomb was thrown into a Saigon restaurant and injured 13 people.


1957 in the Vietnam War, October
Major Harry Griffith Cramer Jr. an American army officer, was killed by a bomb near Nha Trang, South Vietnam. It is unclear whether or not the bomb explosion was purposeful.


1957 in the Vietnam War, October
Thirteen American soldiers were injured in three attacks aimed at MAAG and United States Information Service installations in Saigon.


1957 in the Vietnam War, November
An article by David Hotham in The New Republic said that "We should not suppose that the Communists have done nothing because Diệm has been in power" but "rather than Diệm has remained in power because the Communists have done nothing." The Diệm government, he said, was not democratic; there was no freedom of the press; and the regime was propped up by American aid.


1957 in the Vietnam War, December
Russian and Chinese ministers Nikita Khrushchev and Chou Enlai decided that South and North Vietnam should be regarded as separate countries and each have a seat at the United Nations. This prompted the North Vietnam government to consider a military solution to unite North and South Vietnam.


1957 in the Vietnam War, December
During the last three months of 1957, 190 terrorist attacks and clashes between government security forces and insurgents were reported in South Vietnam. Seventy-four people were killed including 20 government officials and 31 police and military personnel.


1957 in the Vietnam War, December
Ambassador Durbrow in Saigon reported to the Department of State that Diệm's focus on security and repression of opposition to his rule was alienating the people of South Vietnam and facilitating the growth of communism.


1957 in the Vietnam War, December
General Samuel Williams, the head of MAAG in South Vietnam responded to Ambassador Durbrow. "There are no indications of a resumption of large-scale guerrilla war at this date", he said. The Viet Cong "lack sufficient strength, do not have a popular base and are faced with a central government whose efficiency to deal with the subversion threat has gradually improved."


1957 in the Vietnam War, December
A Saigon newspaper highlighted the growing violence in the countryside of South Vietnam: "Today the menace is greater than ever, with the terrorists no longer limiting themselves to the notables in charge of security. Everything suits them, village chiefs, chairmen of liaison committees, simple guards, even former notables... In certain areas the village chiefs spend their nights in the security posts, while the inhabitants organize watches."


1957 in the Vietnam War, December
In 1957, the anti-communist campaigns of the Diệm government decimated the communists in South Vietnam. 2,000 suspected communist party members and sympathizers were killed and 65,000 were arrested. Communist party membership in South Vietnam was 5,000 in mid-1957 and had been reduced to one-third that by the end of the year. According to a North Vietnamese historian, 1957 was "the darkest period" for the communist movement in South Vietnam.


1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships
The 1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships was the third edition of the championships and was held in Vienna, Austria, from 9 to 14 June 1957.


1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships
In the men's competition the title was won by Yugoslavia in the team competition and by Ion Micoroiu (Romania) in the individual event. In the women's competition the title was won by Austria in the team competition and by Gertrude Schmidka (Austria) in the individual event. Hungary and Romania entered its first championship.


1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Men - team
The competition was played with 200 throws mixed (100 full, 100 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.


1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Women - team
The competition was played with 100 throws mixed (50 full, 50 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.


1957 Ålandic legislative election
Legislative elections were held the Åland Islands on 15 June 1957.


1957 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 6 teams, and ÍA won the championship. ÍA's Þórður Þórðarson was the top scorer with 6 goals.


1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament
The 1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Fred Davis who won 4 of his 5 matches, ahead of John Pulman. Pulman also won 4 matches but Davis won more frames overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.


1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format
The 1957/1958 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 14 October 1957 to 15 March 1958. Matches were played at various locations around the United Kingdom and also on Jersey. There were 6 competitors and a total of 15 matches. The competitors were the same as in the previous two seasons, Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and Rex Williams. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.


1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format
Each match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis gave Fred Davis and John Pulman, a 10-point start each frame, Walter Donaldson 14, Jackie Rea 17 and Rex Williams 20. Fred Davis gave Walter Donaldson 12, Jackie Rea 14 and Rex Williams 18. John Pulman gave Jackie Rea 14 and Rex Williams 18. Walter Donaldson gave Jackie Rea 7 and Rex Williams 10 while Jackie Rea gave Rex Williams 5 points. The handicaps in the Fred Davis/Pulman and Pulman/Donaldson matches are not known.


1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
Walter Donaldson  made a break of 141 in his opening match against Joe Davis.


1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
The positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).


1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Broadcasting
The BBC showed a short, 35 minute, TV programme of the final day of the final match from Houldsworth Hall, Manchester. The commentator was Sidney Smith.


1957/58 NTFL season
The 1957/58 NTFL season was the 37th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).


1957/58 NTFL season
Wanderers have won their seventh premiership title while defeating the Nightcliff in the grand final by nine points.


1957: Hati Malaya
1957: Hati Malaya (Malay: 1957: The Heart of Malaya) is a 2007 Malaysian historical film. It was released on 25 October 2007.


1957: Hati Malaya, Synopsis
Four young Malaysians, Hali, Salmi, Ani and Rafiq have been assigned to do a picture book of "1957". While two of them grudgingly carry out the request made by the publisher, Hali takes on the role enthusiastically. Along the way, they find themselves immersed in the characters, emotional moments, identifying with and finding meaning in the struggle of "1957". They weave the story of independence by transporting themselves back to the past. Ordinary Malaysians who fell in love, and found their love for the country override their personal emotions. The present characters find new meaning to "Merdeka".


1957–1958 Massachusetts legislature
The 160th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1957 and 1958 during the governorship of Foster Furcolo. Newland H. Holmes served as president of the Senate and John F. Thompson served as speaker of the House.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic
The 1957–1958 Asian flu pandemic was a global pandemic of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 that originated in Guizhou in southern China. The number of deaths caused by the 1957–1958 pandemic is estimated between one and four million worldwide, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. A decade later, a reassorted viral strain H3N2 further caused the Hong Kong flu pandemic (1968–1969).


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Origin and outbreak in China
The first cases were reported in Guizhou of southern China, in 1956 or in early 1957. They were soon reported in the neighbouring province of Yunnan in late February or early March 1957. By the middle of March, the flu had spread all over China.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Origin and outbreak in China
The People's Republic of China was not a member of the World Health Organization at the time (not until 1981), and did not inform other countries about the outbreak. The United States CDC, however, states that the flu was "first reported in Singapore in February 1957".


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Origin and outbreak in China
In late 1957, a second wave of the flu took place in Northern China, especially in rural areas. In the same year, as response to the epidemic, the Chinese government established the Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), which soon published a manual on influenza in 1958.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Outbreak in other areas
On 17 April 1957, The Times reported that "an influenza epidemic has affected thousands of Hong Kong residents". By the end of the month (or as early as February), Singapore also experienced an outbreak of the new flu, which peaked in mid-May with 680 deaths, and Singapore was the first country to notify the World Health Organization about an extensive outbreak of the flu which "appeared to have been introduced from Hong Kong". In Taiwan, 100,000 were affected by mid-May, and India suffered a million cases by June. In late June, the pandemic reached the United Kingdom.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Outbreak in other areas
By June 1957, it reached the United States, where it initially caused few infections. Some of the first people affected were US Navy personnel at destroyers docked at Newport Naval Station and new military recruits elsewhere. The first wave peaked in October and affected mainly children who recently returned to school after summer break. The second wave, in January and February 1958, was more pronounced among elderly people and so was more fatal.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Vaccine and aftermath
The microbiologist Maurice Hilleman was alarmed by pictures of those affected by the virus in Hong Kong that were published in The New York Times. He obtained samples of the virus from a US Navy doctor in Japan. The Public Health Service released the virus cultures to vaccine manufacturers on 12 May 1957, and a vaccine entered trials at Fort Ord on 26 July and Lowry Air Force Base on 29 July.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Vaccine and aftermath
The number of deaths peaked the week ending 17 October, with 600 reported in England and Wales. The vaccine was available in the same month in the United Kingdom. Although it was initially available only in limited quantities, its rapid deployment helped contain the pandemic. Hilleman's vaccine is believed to have saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Some predicted that the U.S. death toll would have reached 1 million without the vaccine that Hilleman called for.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, History, Vaccine and aftermath
H2N2 influenza virus continued to be transmitted until 1968, when it transformed via antigenic shift into influenza A virus subtype H3N2, the cause of the 1968 influenza pandemic.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, Virology
The strain of virus that caused the Asian flu pandemic, influenza A virus subtype H2N2, was a recombination of avian influenza (probably from geese) and human influenza viruses. As it was a novel strain of the virus, the population had minimal immunity. The reproduction number for the virus was around 1.8 and approximately two-thirds of infected individuals were estimated to have experienced clinical symptoms.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, Mortality estimates
In October 1957, Leroy Edgar Burney told The New York Times that the pandemic is mild and the case fatality rate (CFR) is below "two-thirds of 1 per cent", or less than 0.67%. After the pandemic, information from 29 general practices in the UK estimated 2.3 deaths per 1,000 medically attended cases. On the symposium of Asian influenza in 1958, a range of CFR from 0.01% to 0.33% was provided, most frequently in between 0.02% and 0.05%. More recently, the World Health Organization estimated the CFR of Asian flu to be lower than 0.2%. In the US pandemic preparedness plan, the CDC estimated the CFR of 1957 pandemic to be 0.1%. Other scholars estimated the CFR to be less than or near 0.1%.


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, Mortality estimates
It could cause pneumonia by itself without the presence of secondary bacterial infection. It may have infected as many as or more people than the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, but the vaccine, improved health care, and the invention of antibiotics to manage opportunistic bacterial infections contributed to a lower mortality rate. It caused many infections in children, spread in schools, and led to many school closures. However, the virus was rarely fatal in children and was most deadly in pregnant women, the elderly, and those with pre-existing heart and lung disease. Estimates of the number of deaths worldwide vary:


1957–1958 influenza pandemic, Economic effects
The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 15% of its value in the second half of 1957, and the U.S. experienced a recession. In the United Kingdom, the government paid out £10,000,000 in sickness benefit, and some factories and mines had to close. Many schools had to close in Ireland, including seventeen in Dublin.


1957–1959 Currie Cup
The 1957–1959 Currie Cup was the 27th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa. It was the first time in the tournament's history that the competition spanned multiple years.


1957–1959 Currie Cup
The tournament was won by  Western Province for the 19th time.


1957–58 1re série season
The 1957–58 1re série season was the 37th season of the 1re série, the top level of ice hockey in France. Chamonix Hockey Club won their 16th league title.


1957–58 AHL season
The 1957–58 AHL season was the 22nd season of the American Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games in their schedules. The Hershey Bears finished first overall in the regular season, and won their second Calder Cup championship.


1957–58 AHL season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;


1957–58 AHL season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty Minutes


1957–58 AHL season, All Star Classic
The 5th AHL All-Star game was played on October 6, 1957, at the Rochester Community War Memorial in Rochester, New York. The defending Calder Cup champions Cleveland Barons lost 5-2 to the AHL All-Stars.


1957–58 Aberdeen F.C. season
The 1957–58 season was Aberdeen's 45th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 47th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup


1957–58 Alessandria U.S. season
The 1957–58 season of Alessandria Unione Sportiva's was their 46th in Italian football and their 11th in Serie A.


1957–58 Alessandria U.S. season
Back in Serie A after 9 years, Alessandria U.S. built a competitive team, comprehensive of Italy defender Giacomazzi, talented Tagnin and Switzerland forward Vonlanthen.


1957–58 Alessandria U.S. season
Alessandria's coaches Robotti and Pedroni settled the team with a strong "catenaccio": the quality of the holding midfielder-line granted good matches, and for a long time the Grigi's occupied the first positions of the classification, even if they fell away in the last part of the championship, ending 12th.


1957–58 Alessandria U.S. season
In 1957–58 season Alessandria ended as the 3rd best defense in Serie A, with 42 goals against in 34 matches: only Internazionale and Fiorentina did it better.


1957–58 Alessandria U.S. season
Roger Vonlanthen, even though he scored only 8 goals (less than the expected), was the top goalscorer.


1957–58 Allsvenskan, Overview
The league was contested by 12 teams, with IFK Göteborg winning the championship. This season began in the summer of 1957, but didn't finish until the autumn of 1958. In this unusually long season, the teams met each other three times instead of twice, resulting in a season consisting of 33 rounds instead of 22. For this reason, it was referred to as the "Marathon Allsvenskan".


1957–58 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1957–58 Allsvenskan was the 24th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. Redbergslids IK won the league and claimed their fifth Swedish title. IFK Kristianstad and IFK Borås were relegated.


1957–58 American Soccer League
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 15:16, 14 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1957–58 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team
The 1957–58 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1957–58 college basketball season. The Razorbacks played their home games in Barnhill Arena (then known as Razorback Fieldhouse) in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Arkansas competed in the Southwest Conference. It was former Razorback All-American Glen Rose's sixth season in his second stint as head coach of the Hogs and fifteenth season overall as Arkansas's coach. The Razorbacks tied for the Southwest Conference championship with a record of 9–5 against SWC teams and 17–10 overall. Arkansas earned the SWC's bid to the NCAA Tournament, but lost both its second-round game and regional consolation match. The Oklahoma State team that beat Arkansas in the Sweet Sixteen featured future Razorback head coach Eddie Sutton at point guard.


1957–58 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team
1958 was Arkansas's fourteenth SWC Championship and its fifth NCAA Tournament appearance. Glen Rose won his fifth SWC championship as coach of the Razorbacks and the only conference championship of his second tenure as head coach. Arkansas was ranked in the AP Poll for the second time in program history on January 20, 1958. The Hogs were ranked for consecutive weeks for the first time ever when they were ranked for three straight weeks before losing to Rice and falling out of the polls. Senior Fred Grim was named First Team All-SWC, First Team All-District, and AP All-American Honorable Mention. Grim was drafted in the fifth round of the 1958 NBA Draft by the Syracuse Nationals.


1957–58 Arsenal F.C. season
During the 1957–58 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.


1957–58 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1957–58 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1957–58 English football season was Aston Villa's 58th season in the Football League, this season playing in the Football League First Division.


1957–58 Aston Villa F.C. season
Villa were beaten by Manchester United in the 1957 FA Charity Shield. The season commenced on 24 August 1957 with a 1-3 defeat away to local rivals, Birmingham City with the home team recording its highest home attendance for the entire season with 50,780 spectators. Local rival "Wolves" achieved the double over Villa, part of a run of seven between 1957 and 1960.


1957–58 Aston Villa F.C. season
FA Cup Holders Villa were knocked out in the third round by Second Division Stoke City in a 2nd replay.


1957–58 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT
League rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954–1966


1957–58 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 1957–58 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1957–58 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Joel Eaves, who was in his ninth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Auburn Sports Arena in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 16–6, 11–3 in SEC play.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France
Between late 1957 and March 1958 the Australia national rugby union team – the Wallabies – conducted a world tour encompassing Britain, Ireland, France and Canada on which they played five Tests and thirty-one minor tour matches. The Wallabies won 17, lost 16 and drew three of their games in total. They lost all five Tests of the tour.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, The squad's leadership
Versatile back Dick Tooth had made 10 Test appearances for Australia before the tour and had captained the Wallabies well in two 1957 Tests against the All Blacks. Howell expresses a view that it was inexplicable that Tooth was not selected for the tour and partially blames this as cause of the disappointing tour result. However Howell writes that Bob Davidson possessed outstanding qualities to make him a natural touring captain. He was a born leader of men, was immensely popular, he met people well, was highly intelligent and spoke well in public. He played in 32 of the 41 tour games and did everything in his power to make the tour a success.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, The squad's leadership
Veteran second-rower Alan Cameron had captained the Wallabies in 18 matches in 1955 and 1956 but was no longer supreme in his position nor guaranteed of Test selection. However he made a superb contribution to the tour playing in 22 matches including one Test and captained the side in seven mid-week matches


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, The squad's leadership
As per tradition, Assistant Manager Dave Cowper assumed the coaching duties. Howell writes that in spite of the mounting losses, Cowper "ever the gentleman, never criticised the players, even when he had every right to....he personified the true amateur, playing always to the rules with a strict code of ethics" Squad member Nicholas Shehadie was less complimentary in his published recollections suggesting Cowper had limited imagination as a coach with "our training devoid of variety which made it very tedious."


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Tour details
The squad was on tour for eight months in total and travelled to England by ship. Shehadie reports that the team issue consisted of " two blazers, a pair of grey slacks, four green ties with a hand-painted wallaby on each, a heavy pullover and a track suit.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Tour details
In addition, each player received one pair of boots – with another pair to be issued in England – sandshoes for training on the ship, a heavy woollen scarf and tablets to counteract sea-sickness, Vitamin C tablets to counteract colds in Britain and a packet of tranquiliser tablets to be used at the player's own discretion"' He recalls that the squad's pocket money was 10s a day, up from 5s a decade before.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Wales
AUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Roderick Phelps, Kenneth Donald, Jim Lenehan, Jack Potts, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Nicholas Shehadie, Norman Hughes, Peter Fenwicke, Tony Miller, David Emanuel, John Thornett, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain)


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Wales
WALES: Terry Davies, John Collins, Gordon Wells, Cyril Davies, Ray Williams, Carwyn James, Wynne Evans, Don Devereux, Bryn Meredith, Ray Prosser, Rhys Williams, Roddy Evans, Robin Davies, Clem Thomas (captain), John Faull


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Ireland
Shehadie writes in his memoirs that his response to Noel Murphy continually blocking his vision in the scrum was to deal him a punch in an ensuing scrum. He recalls that the Lansdowne Rd crowd booed the Australian team and that press afterwards singled out Shehadie for his brutal play. He suggests that Dave Cowper then determined to make an example of him and true to his word did not select him in another Test of the tour. It was therefore Shehadie's last Test match, as it would also be for Australia's other forward veteran Alan Cameron.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Ireland
AUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Kenneth Donald, Saxon White, Jack Potts, Roderick Phelps, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Nicholas Shehadie, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain), Alan Cameron, David Emanuel, John Thornett Norman Hughes, Peter Fenwicke


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Ireland
IRELAND: Patrick Berkery, Tony O'Reilly, Noel Henderson (c), Dave Hewitt, Cecil Pedlow, Jackie Kyle, Andy Mulligan, Patrick O'Donoghue, Ronnie Dawson, Gordon Wood, James Stevenson, Bill Mulcahy, James Donaldson, Noel Murphy, James Kavanagh Alan Cameron


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England
This was the day Twickenham booed, a rare sound at the august ground. But when big Jim Lenehan tackled Phil Horrocks-Taylor late and so heavily that he was taken off the field, the crowd were annoyed. Every time Lenehan touched the ball, the crowd booed.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England
The scores were 3–0 at half time, but soon Malcolm Phillips scored a great try and then the elegant Terry Curley gave the Wallabies the lead with a drop goal. When injury time came the score was 6-all. Then came the only try of the match by brilliant Peter Jackson. Jackson out on the wing, got a pass on the Wallaby 25. He was not the fastest of wings – but he was deceptive and knew sidestep, swerve and hand-off, and used them as deadly weapons. He swerved away from Rod Phelps and handed him off. He moved to cut in, plonking Terry Curley onto the wrong foot as he beat him on the outside. Phelps was gaining, the line was approaching, Phelps was faster and Jackson dived with Phelps on his back.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England
It was England's first post-war Test victory over one of the three Southern powers.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England
AUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Roderick Phelps, Kenneth Donald, Jim Lenehan, Saxon White, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Kevin Ryan, Norman Hughes, Peter Fenwicke, Tony Miller, David Emanuel, Geoffrey Vaughan, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain)


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England
ENGLAND: James Hetherington, Peter Jackson, Malcolm Phillips, Jeff Butterfield, Peter Thompson, Phil Horrocks-Taylor, Dickie Jeeps, Ned Ashcroft, Ronald Syrett, Peter Robbins, David Marques, John Currie, Ron Jacobs, Eric Evans (captain), George Hastings


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Scotland
AUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Kenneth Donald, Jim Lenehan, Saxon White, Roderick Phelps, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Geoffrey Vaughan, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain), Tony Miller, David Emanuel, Eddie Purkiss, John Thornett, Norman Hughes


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Scotland
SCOTLAND: Robin Chisholm, Arthur Smith (captain), George Stevenson, James Docherty, Thomas Weatherstone, Gordon Waddell, Tremayne Rodd, Hugh McLeod, Norman Bruce, Tom Elliot, Malcolm Swan, Hamish Kemp, Ken Smith, Adam Robson, Jim Greenwood


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, France
AUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Alan Morton, Jim Lenehan, Roderick Phelps, Otto Fox, Ron Harvey, Des Connor, Geoffrey Vaughan, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain), Tony Miller, David Emanuel, Ken Yanz, John Thornett, Norman Hughes


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, France
FRANCE: Michel Vannier, Henir Rancolue, Maurice Prat, Roger Martine, Pierre Tarricq, Antoince Labazuy, Pierre Lacroix, Aldo Quaglio, Robert Vigier, Alfred Roques, Lucien Mias, Michel Celaya (captain), Michel Crauste, Henir Domec, Jean Barthe


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Touring party, Squad
The team's most experienced centre three quarter Jim Phipps ( 11 caps prior to tour) played 7 of the first 9 games but broke his leg against Glasgow and Edinburgh and did not play again on tour.


1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Touring party, Squad
The Wallabies played a match in Perth on the way to England during which lock Stewart Scotts broke a wrist and feared he would be left at home. Management decided the six weeks boat trip would give him sufficient time to recover, a decision vindicated by his playing several mid- week games during the tour.


1957–58 Austrian football championship, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Wiener Sportclub won the championship.


1957–58 Bahraini Premier League
The 1957–58 Bahraini Premier League was won by Muharraq Club.


1957–58 Belgian First Division, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Standard Liège won the championship.


1957–58 Benelux Cup
The 1957-58 Benelux Cup was won by Feijenoord Rotterdam in the final against RSC Anderlecht.


1957–58 Beşiktaş J.K. season
The 1957–58 season was the 55th year of the club's existence. They played in the Turkish Federation Cup for the cup's second year (It would also be the last). They won it by defeating Galatasaray 2-0 on aggregate, in a two legged final. By winning the tournament, Beşiktaş qualified for the 1958–59 European Cup. Beşiktaş won the cup last year and qualified for the 1957–58 European Cup, but the Turkish Football Federation did not send their names to the draw so they were disqualified. In the İstanbul Football League, Beşiktaş finished 4th, behind Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe and İstanbulspor.


1957–58 Beşiktaş J.K. season, İstanbul Football League
In the 1957–58 season of the İstanbul Football League, Beşiktaş finished 4th.


1957–58 Beşiktaş J.K. season, Turkish Federation Cup
Beşiktaş competed in the Federation Cup for a second time. The professional national league at the time.


1957–58 Birmingham City F.C. season
The 1957–58 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 55th in the Football League and their 31st in the First Division. They finished in 13th position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1957–58 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost in that round to York City. In the inaugural edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Birmingham lost in the semi-final in a play-off, having drawn on aggregate score with Barcelona.


1957–58 Birmingham City F.C. season
In February 1958, Pat Beasley joined the club. Beasley had believed he was coming as assistant to manager Arthur Turner, but chairman Harry Morris announced to the press that he was to be appointed joint manager. Turner, who found about this arrangement not from the club but from the press, threatened to resign. He was persuaded to stay "for the time being", but finally left early in the 1958–59 season.


1957–58 Birmingham City F.C. season
Twenty-four players made at least one appearance in nationally or internationally organised first-team competition, and there were twelve different goalscorers. Half back Dick Neal played in 44 of the 46 first-team matches over the season, and Peter Murphy finished as leading goalscorer with 23 goals in all competitions, of which 20 were scored in the league.


1957–58 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
The group stage of the inaugural edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was completed during the 1956–57 playing season. The score at half time in the first leg of the semi-final, at St Andrew's, was 3–3, and Peter Murphy scored the winner after an hour. In the away leg, in the recently opened Camp Nou, El Mundo Deportivo expected a comfortable victory for the hosts, but the result was rather less clear-cut. The only goal of the game was scored after 82 minutes by Kubala, who saw Gil Merrick off his line and neatly lobbed him.


1957–58 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
With no away goals rule, the game went into 30 minutes of extra time, which remained goalless, so a replay was to be played on a neutral ground. Controversy arose when Birmingham were prevented from substituting the injured Bunny Larkin, contrary to what they believed had been agreed before the match; Barcelona manager Domènec Balmanya claimed the agreement allowed for two substitutes, but outfield players could only be replaced in the first half.


1957–58 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
Asked what he thought of Barcelona, Birmingham trainer Dave Fairhurst said he thought they played better in the first leg, where they concentrated on playing; here, they spent too much time complaining. Balmanya's opinion of Birmingham had not changed since the first leg: he saw them as a physical team with crude technique, too concerned with the opponent to think much about the ball.