1956 DDR-Oberliga, Table
The 1956 season saw two newly promoted clubs compare to the last official season, 1954–55, Fortschritt Weißenfels and BSG Lokomotive Stendal, with both already having played in the transition round in 1955. The FDGB-Pokal was won by second division DDR-Liga club Chemie Halle.


1956 DFB-Pokal Final
The 1956 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1955–56 DFB-Pokal, the 13th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 5 August 1956 at the Wildparkstadion in Karlsruhe. Karlsruher SC won the match 3–1 against Hamburger SV, to claim their 2nd cup title.


1956 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
The DFB-Pokal began with 5 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. In the qualification round, all but two teams were given a bye. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.


1956 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).


1956 Dartmouth Indians football team
The 1956 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as a member of the Ivy League during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.


1956 Dartmouth Indians football team
In their second season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Indians compiled a 5–3–1 record, and outscored opponents 122 to 89. Robert Rex was the team captain.


1956 Dartmouth Indians football team
The Indians' 4–3 conference record tied for third place in the Ivy League. This was the first season of formal play for the league, although the Indians' previous independent schedules, dating back to the 19th century, often featured future Ivy opponents. Six of the seven Ivy matchups on Dartmouth's 1956 schedule had been present on the 1955 slate, as well (as had one of the non-conference opponents, Holy Cross).


1956 Dartmouth Indians football team
Dartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1956 Davis Cup
The 1956 Davis Cup was the 45th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 5 teams entered the America Zone, and 3 teams entered the Eastern Zone.


1956 Davis Cup
The United States defeated Mexico in the America Zone final, India defeated Japan in the Eastern Zone final, and Italy defeated Sweden in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated Italy in the semifinal, and then defeated India in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States were defeated by defending champions Australia. The final was played at Memorial Drive in Adelaide, Australia on 26–28 December.


1956 Davis Cup America Zone
The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.


1956 Davis Cup America Zone
5 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. The United States defeated Mexico in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1956 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.


1956 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
3 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. India defeated Japan in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1956 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.


1956 Davis Cup Europe Zone
24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Sweden in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1956 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1956 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 108. Vincent Grande was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.


1956 Delaware State Hornets football team
The 1956 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College—now known as Delaware State University—as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Led by coach Bennie J. George in his first year, the Hornets compiled a 7–1–1 record, winning the second conference title in school history. Their victory over Maryland State was the Hawks' first ever conference loss.


1956 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1956 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956.


1956 Delaware gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor J. Caleb Boggs defeated Democratic nominee James Hoge Tyler McConnell with 51.95% of the vote.


1956 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination
The Democratic convention was held on August 30 at Dover.


1956 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination
The Republican convention was held on August 29 at the Capitol Theater, Dover.


1956 Democratic National Convention
The 1956 Democratic National Convention nominated former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois for president and Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee for vice president. It was held in the International Amphitheatre on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois August 13–August 17, 1956. Unsuccessful candidates for the presidential nomination included Governor W. Averell Harriman of New York, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, and Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri.


1956 Democratic National Convention
As the unsuccessful 1952 Democratic Party presidential nominee, Stevenson had the highest stature of the active candidates and was easily renominated on the first ballot. Former President Harry S. Truman, whose support for Stevenson in '52 helped secure him the nomination, was opposed to his renomination in 1956, instead favoring Harriman. It did no good, as Truman was no longer a sitting President, and Stevenson was nominated on the first ballot.


1956 Democratic National Convention
After Stevenson decided not to reselect his 1952 running mate John Sparkman, the convention was marked by a "free vote" for the vice presidential nomination in which the winner, Kefauver, defeated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. The vice presidential nomination vote, which required three separate ballots, was (as of 2020) the last multi-balloted contest held at a quadrennial political convention of any major U.S. political party for the presidency or vice presidency.


1956 Democratic National Convention
The Democratic convention preceded the 1956 Republican convention in the Cow Palace, San Francisco, California. At the GOP gathering, President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon were nominated for reelection.


1956 Democratic National Convention, Scheduling of convention
The 1956 Democratic convention was held before  that year's Republican National Convention. This was unusual, as since 1864, in every election but 1888, Democrats had held their convention second.


1956 Democratic National Convention, Scheduling of convention
It has become an informal tradition that the party holding the White House (which, accordingly, in 1956 had been the Republican Party) hosts their convention second, but it is unclear when this tradition began (Democrats had held the White House and held their conventions second between 1936 and 1952, but it is unclear whether they scheduled their conventions second in these years because of their White House incumbency, or whether they scheduled them second because it was traditional that Democratic National Conventions had been held after the Republican National Convention).


1956 Democratic National Convention, Scheduling of convention
This was only the second convention to be televised live coast-to-coast. Television had, by 1956, become the dominant medium of popular news coverage. To adjust to the medium of television, the convention was condensed in length compared to previous years, with daytime sessions being largely eliminated and the amount of welcoming speeches and parliamentary organization speeches being decreased (such as seconding speeches for vice-presidential candidates, which were eliminated). Sessions were also scheduled in order to maximize exposure to prime-time audience.


1956 Democratic National Convention, The 1956 Democratic Platform
With regard to the growing Civil Rights Movement, the platform called for voting rights, equal employment opportunities, and the desegregation of public schools. Relative to the Republicans, the Democrats favored greater reliance on the United Nations, multilateral disarmament, more spending for programs relating to social welfare and agriculture, "a full and integrated program of development, protection, management and conservation of natural resources," and the use of peaceful atomic energy.


1956 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination
The roll call, as reported in Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records, pp. 294–298 :


1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
The highlight of the 1956 Democratic Convention came when Stevenson, in an effort to create excitement for the ticket, made the surprise announcement that the convention's delegates would choose his running mate. This set off a desperate scramble among several candidates to win the nomination. A good deal of the excitement of the vice-presidential race came from the fact that the candidates had only one hectic day to campaign among the delegates before the voting began.


1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
The two leading contenders were Senator Kefauver, who retained the support of his primary delegates, and John F. Kennedy, who, as a first term Senator from Massachusetts, was relatively unknown at that point. Kennedy surprised the experts by surging into the lead on the second ballot; at one point he was only 15 votes shy of winning. However, a number of states then left their "favorite son" candidates and switched to Kefauver, giving him the victory. Kennedy then gave a gracious concession speech.


1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
The narrow defeat raised his profile and helped Kennedy's long-term presidential chances; by losing to Kefauver he avoided any blame for Stevenson's expected loss to Eisenhower in November. As of 2020, this was the last time any presidential or vice presidential nomination of either the Democratic or Republican parties, went past the first ballot.


1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
The vote totals in the vice presidential balloting are recorded in the following table, which also comes from Bain & Parris.


1956 Democratic National Convention, Election outcome
On November 6, Adlai Stevenson and Estes Kefauver lost the election to President Eisenhower and Vice President Nixon in a landslide.


1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From March 11 to June 5, 1956, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1956 United States presidential election. Former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1956 Democratic National Convention held from August 13 to August 17, 1956, in Chicago, Illinois. This was the party's second consecutive nomination of Stevenson.


1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race
Estes Kefauver sought the Democratic presidential nomination, as he had in 1952. Initially, he again won some Democratic Party presidential primaries. In the March 13, 1956 New Hampshire presidential primary, Kefauver defeated Stevenson, his only formidable opponent for the nomination, by a margin of 21,701 to 3,806. A week later, Kefauver  defeated Stevenson in the March 20, 1956 Minnesota presidential primary, winning 245,885 votes compared to Stevenson's 186,723 votes. Kefauver was also victorious in the Wisconsin presidential primary.


1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race
By April 1956, "it appeared that Kefauver was on his way to a primary sweep matching the spectacular performance in 1952." Stevenson, however, was able to defeat Kefauver in the 1956 Oregon, Florida and California primaries and, overall, and ultimately won more primary votes than Kefauver before being re-nominated as the Democratic presidential nominee at the 1956 Democratic national convention.


1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Debates, Televised Kefauver-Stevenson debate
One of the first televised United States presidential debates was held as an hour long one-on-one debate between the party's top-two contenders, Kefauver and Stevenson. The debate was held in Miami, Florida ahead of the state's primary.


1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Debates, Televised Kefauver-Stevenson debate
The Russell Baker of The New York Times  wrote that the two contenders took near-identical stances on most of the issues discussed in the debate.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
The selection of the Democratic Party's vice presidential candidate for the 1956 United States presidential election occurred at the party's national convention on August 16, 1956. Former presidential candidate and Tennessee's Senator Estes Kefauver defeated Massachusetts' Senator John F. Kennedy.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background
Senator John Sparkman, who was the party's vice presidential nominee in 1952, was mentioned as a possible presidential candidate and later became the head of Alabama's delegation to the national convention, but did not make an attempt at the presidential or vice presidential nomination.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background
On July 9, Governor Frank G. Clement, who was speculated as a possible vice presidential candidate, was selected to give the keynote address at the national convention, but he stated that he had no intention of seeking the vice presidency.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background
Former Massachusetts Governor Paul A. Dever stated that although Kennedy was not an active candidate he was in the running for the vice presidential nomination and that the Massachusetts, Missouri, Ohio, Michigan, and New Jersey delegations would support him. Senator Spessard Holland stated that a Stevenson-Kennedy ticket would easily carry Florida, and other Kennedy supporters stated that having a Catholic vice presidential nominee would guarantee 132 electoral votes along with those from the Solid South.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background
California Attorney General Pat Brown came out in support of an open vice presidential ballot and that Senators Hubert Humphrey, John F. Kennedy, and Al Gore Sr. and Governor Clement were excellent choices.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Balloting
After winning the presidential nomination, Adlai Stevenson II announced that he would allow the convention delegates to choose his running mate and did not support any candidate. Governor W. Averell Harriman, who had received the second highest amount of delegates on the presidential ballot, also announced that he was not interested in the vice presidential nomination.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Balloting
On August 16, 1956, the vice presidential ballot started with multiple Southern favorite sons being supported on the first ballot. The plan of the Southern delegations was to deny Estes Kefauver a majority on the first ballot, due to his anti-segregation views, and then to unify behind an acceptable candidate. Kefauver's home state, Tennessee, supported Senator Al Gore Sr. on the first ballot and then realigned its support to Kennedy on the second and third ballots.


1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Balloting
After initially leading on the first ballot Kefauver fell behind Kennedy on the second before receiving a majority on the third ballot after Gore withdrew and endorsed him, resulting in Kefauver in first place and Kennedy in second. Governor Orval Faubus, who had opposed Kefauver's nomination, stated that his nomination "leaves us with a lot of hard work to do before November".


1956 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1956 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach John Roning, the team compiled a 6–4 record (4–3 against Skyline opponents), tied for third in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 250 to 206.


1956 Detroit Lions season
The 1956 Detroit Lions season was their 27th in the league. The team improved on their previous season's output of 3–9, winning nine games. Despite the improvement, they missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season.


1956 Detroit Lions season
Detroit held the top spot by a half game in the Western Conference entering the final game of the season against the Chicago Bears at Wrigley Field, which the Lions lost, 38–21. After completing a handoff early in the second quarter, Detroit quarterback Bobby Layne was concussed and removed from the game, due to an unsportsmanlike conduct foul by Ed Meadows, for which Meadows was ejected.


1956 Detroit Lions season
The following season, the Lions won the Western Conference and the NFL championship, their third of the decade. The Lions won the NFL title in 1952 and 1953, and were runners-up in 1954.


1956 Detroit Lions season, Schedule, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1956 Detroit Tigers season
The 1956 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 82–72, 15 games behind the New York Yankees.


1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1956 Detroit Titans football team
The 1956 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Wally Fromhart, the Titans compiled a 2–8 record (0–4 against conference opponents), finished last in the MVC, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 194 to 99.


1956 Detroit Titans football team
The team's statistical leaders included Lou Faoro with 356 passing yards, Billy Russell with 183 rushing yards, Albert Korpak with 268 receiving yards, and Bill Dando with 24 points scored.


1956 Detroit Titans football team
In addition to head coach Wally Fromhart, the coaching staff included Kenneth Stilley (line coach), Robert Dove (end coach), John Ray (freshman coach), and Dr. Raymond D. Forsyth (trainer). Robert Chendes and James Lynch were the team co-captains.


1956 Divizia A
The 1956 Divizia A was the thirty-ninth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.


1956 Divizia A, Champion squad
Goalkeepers: Ion Voinescu (12 / 0); Costică Toma (12 / 0). Defenders: Vasile Zavoda (22 / 0); Alexandru Apolzan (22 / 0); Victor Dumitrescu (19 / 0); Traian Ivănescu (12 / 0); Constantin Dragomirescu (1 / 0); Alexandru Rădulescu (1 / 0). Midfielders: Ștefan Onisie (23 / 4); Tiberiu Bone (21 / 1); Gheorghe Staicu (1 / 0); Mircea Bibere (1 / 0).


1956 Divizia A, Champion squad
Forwards: Gheorghe Cacoveanu (20 / 10); Gheorghe Constantin (20 / 15); Ion Alecsandrescu (22 / 18); Francisc Zavoda (19 / 4); Nicolae Tătaru (20 / 7); Victor Moldovan (6 / 3); Gheorghe Nertea (2 / 0); Iosif Bükössy (3 / 0); Marcel Marin (4 / 2); Ion Ghibea (1 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)


1956 Divizia B
The 1956 Divizia B was the 17th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.


1956 Divizia B
The format has been changed back to two series, one of them having 13 teams and the other one 14. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A, the last two places from each series relegated to Divizia C. This was the seventh and the last season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.


1956 Divizia B, Team changes, Renamed teams
Flacăra 1 Mai Ploiești was renamed as Energia 1 Mai Ploiești.


1956 Drexel Dragons football team
The 1956 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.


1956 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1956 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.


1956 Dunedin mayoral election
The 1956 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1956, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1956 Dunedin mayoral election
Len Wright, the incumbent Mayor, was re-elected for a third term, easily defeating his sole opponent councillor Michael Connelly of the Labour Party.


1956 Dutch TT
The 1956 Dutch TT was the second race of the 1956 Motorcycle Grand Prix season. It took place on the weekend of 30 June 1956 at the Assen circuit.


1956 Dutch general election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 13 June 1956. For the first time, the Labour Party (PvdA) emerged as the largest party, winning 50 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.


1956 Dutch general election
The elections led to the continuation of the four-party coalition government, consisting of the PvdA, Catholic People's Party, Anti-Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union.


1956 Dutch general election, Electoral system
Prior to the elections the number of seats in the House of Representatives was raised from 100 to 150. This meant that the electoral threshold was reduced from 1% to 0.67%.


1956 Dwars door België
The 1956 Dwars door België was the 12th edition of the Dwars door Vlaanderen cycle race and was held on 13 to 14 April 1956. The race started and finished in Waregem. The race was won by Lucien Demunster.


1956 East Carolina Pirates football team
The 1956 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1956 NAIA football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 2–7–1 record.


1956 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team
The 1956 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan College (renamed Eastern Michigan University in 1959) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 4–4 record (3–3 against IIAC opponents) and outscored their opponents, 158 to 84. On October 27, 1956, the team set an IIAC scoring record with 10 touchdowns in a 65-0 victory over Eastern Illinois. Thomas O. McCormick was the team captain. McCormick also received the team's most valuable player award. Kerry Keating led the team with 417 yards of total offense, 417 rushing yards, 126 receiving yards, seven touchdowns, and 42 points scored. Herman Carroll led in passing with 413 passing yards.


1956 Ecuadorian general election
General elections were held in Ecuador on 3 June 1956. The presidential elections were won by Camilo Ponce Enríquez of the People's Alliance, a coalition of the Conservative Party, the Social Christian Party and Ecuadorian Nationalist Revolutionary Action. He defeated Raúl Clemente Huerta of the National Democratic Front (an alliance of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party, the Socialist Party and the Communist Party) by 0.4% of the vote. He took office on 1 September.


1956 Edmonton Eskimos season
The 1956 Edmonton Eskimos finished in 1st place in the Western Interprovincial Football Union with an 11–5 record and won the 44th Grey Cup, completing the first Grey Cup three-peat in the modern era.


1956 Edmonton municipal election
The 1956 municipal election was held October 17, 1956 to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees to sit on each of the public and separate school boards. The electorate also decided nine plebiscite questions. There was no election for mayor, as William Hawrelak was one year into a two-year term.


1956 Edmonton municipal election
There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Abe Miller, Cliffard Roy, Hu Harries, James Falconer, and William Connelly were all elected to two-year terms in 1955 and were still in office.


1956 Edmonton municipal election
There were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Mary Butterworth, Herbert Smith, James Hanna, and William Henning were elected to two-year terms in 1955 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Amby Lenon, Andre Dechene, Orest Demco, and Catherine McGrath were continuing.


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
There were 13360 ballots cast out of 133537 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 10.0%.


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving
Shall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,000,000.00 for the City's share of standard paving on arterial and residential streets?


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Parks
Shall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $500,000.00 for the improvement of City parks, and the commencement of work on undeveloped parkland, circles, buffer zones, ravine side boulevards and similar works, including, necessary new roads, sewers and drains into parkland?


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Health Clinic
Shall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $60,000.00 for the purpose of a health clinic to provide inoculation services, supervision of babies and pre-school children and preventative dental services?


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital
Shall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $350,000.00 to provide equipment and furnishings at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, miscellaneous improvements to the interior and exterior of the Hospital?


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Traffic Lights
Shall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $150,000.00 in order to purchase and install additional traffic lights at various locations within the City?


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fire Hall
Shall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $125,000.00 for the purpose of constructing a fire hall in the vicinity of 97th Street and 127th Avenue?


1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital - Nurses Residence
Shall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $2,700,000.00 for the purpose of constructing at the Royal Alexandra Hospital nurses residence and training school?


1956 Egyptian referendum
A double referendum was held in Egypt on 23 June 1956. The two issues were the candidacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser for the post of president, and a new constitution. Both were approved, with the official figures showing 99.9% in favour of Nasser's candidacy and 99.8% in favour of the constitution.


1956 Egyptian referendum, Background
Prior to the vote, Nasser had been consolidating power after ousting Muhammad Naguib and launching a massive crackdown against the Muslim Brotherhood in 1954. Other opposition forces had been previously outflanked by the Liberation Rally, the official political movement of the state set up by the Revolutionary Command Council following the abolition of political parties in 1953. The Liberation Rally's purpose was to acquire mass support for the RCC across the country and was reorganized into the National Union (NU) in 1956. The press also endorsed and urged support for the referendums. Another chief contributor to Nasser's growing legitimacy was his personal charisma. The NU chose a constitutional committee to pen the new constitution, although its members were picked by Nasser himself.


1956 Egyptian referendum, Results
The referendums were overwhelmingly supported by the electorate. According to government tallies, Nasser's bid for the presidency and the proposed constitution received almost unanimous approval by voters. Nasser ran uncontested, nominated by the new ruling party, the National Union. Historian Kirk J. Beatie wrote the government figures were likely fictitious, but it is also "impossible to know how accurate they were." Nasser successfully used the vote to promote himself as the protector of democracy, but according to author May Kassem, the vote "was utilized in an authoritarian manner" that only served to consecrate Nasser's rule.


1956 Ekstraklasa, Overview
12 teams competed in the league and the championship was won by Legia Warsaw.


1956 Emperor's Cup, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and Keio BRB won the championship.


1956 Emperor's Cup Final
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1956 Emperor's Cup Final
1956 Emperor's Cup Final was the 36th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Omiya Velodrome in Saitama on May 6, 1956. Keio BRB won the championship.


1956 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview
Keio BRB won the championship, by defeating Yawata Steel 4–2.


1956 English Greyhound Derby
The 1956 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 30 June 1956 at White City Stadium. The winner was Dunmore King and the winning owner Mr Jack McAlister (an Irish farmer) received £1,500.


1956 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances
½, dead heat, 1, 3, 1¾ (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.


1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Shipping magnate Noel Purvis owned a four strong team heading into the 1956 Derby led by Gulf of Darien the Cesarewitch champion. Two litter brothers called Northern King and Northern Champion and the fast starting Belingas Customer completed the quartet. Rushton Mac returned for his third Derby looking to match the two Derby wins of Mick the Miller. Two finalists from the previous year also lined up, Grand Prix and Laurels champions Duet Leader and Home Straight.


1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Rushton Mac progressed no further than the first round which resulted in his connections retiring him to stud. All of the market leaders progressed to round two and both Northern King and Northern Champion recorded wins and both of the other two Purvis runners finished second in their heats. Northern King had set the fastest qualifying time so far with a 28.86 defeating Duet Leader and Home Straight in the process. Another greyhound called Dunmore King had eased through each round; this fawn dog had arrived from Ireland after winning the McAlevey Gold Cup at Celtic Park. He was put with Paddy McEvoy after Irish owner/trainer Jack McAllister sent the dog with his head lad Barney O’Connor accompanying him.


1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The semi-finals and Dunmore King was matched in a strong heat with Northern Champion, Gulf of Darien and Home Straight. Dunmore King soon led and won easily, Home Straight and Northern Champion both faded badly on the final straight allowing Gulf of Darien and Quick Surprise to qualify. In the second semi-final Northern King continued his outstanding form with a trap to line victory in a very fast 28.75, Duet Leader missed the break but ran on well for second and Grandbally Shaun caught Belingas Customer to claim third place.


1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final Duet leader broke well as the traps opened but Dunmore King's early pace took him into the lead at the first bend. Northern King missed the break but showed enough early pace to join the two leaders at halfway and then challenge the lead at the third bend. Northern King clipped Duet Leader's heels causing both of them to lose any chance of winning. The tiring Dunmore King held on by just half a length with Gulf of Darien finishing well to dead heat with Duet leader for second place.


1956 English cricket season
1956 was the 57th season of County Championship cricket in England. It is memorable for the performances of Jim Laker, especially his unique feat in taking a world record 19 wickets in the Old Trafford Test Match. He took a total of 46 wickets in the five Tests, a record in an England-Australia series. In May, he had taken all ten wickets in the Australian first innings in their match against Surrey, assisting Surrey to become the first county side since 1912 to defeat the Australians. Surrey won the County Championship for the fifth successive year to create a new record of consecutive titles won by one county.


1956 English cricket season, Leading batsmen
Ken Mackay topped the averages with 1103 runs @ 52.52


1956 English cricket season, Leading bowlers
Tony Lock topped the averages with 155 wickets @ 12.46


1956 Eritrean parliamentary election
Assembly elections were held in Eritrea on 5 and 6 September 1956. All candidates ran as independents.


1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Background
Elections had previously been held in 1952 during the British administration. Following the elections, article 45 of the new Eritrean constitution required that the Legislative Assembly pass a new electoral law to replace the 1951 proclamation and establish an Electoral High Commission prior to the next elections. In 1953 the Assembly rejected a draft law, and the government obtained confirmation from the Attorney General that the 1951 proclamation would still be applicable.


1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Background
However, this had not been done, and in the months leading up to the 1956 elections the Muslim League asked the Supreme Court to declare them unconstitutional.


1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Conduct
The Eritrean police force began harassing opponents of the Unionist Party government in September 1955 under the leadership of pro-Unionist Tedla Ogbit. The federal authorities also intervened to "frighten off any possible opposition", and one anti-Unionist candidate, Muhammed Omar Akito, had a bomb thrown into his living room.


1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Conduct
However, the Supreme Court made some interventions on behalf of the opposition, demanding opposition candidate Fessha Woldermariam be released from police detainment after he was arrested a week before nominations closed. It also confirmed the victory of opposition candidate Muhammed Omar Akito, which the Assembly had declared invalid.


1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Results
A total of 188 candidates contested the 68 seats, with 32 Unionists and 24 opposition or non-aligned candidates elected.


1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Aftermath
The self-dissolution of the Assembly in 1962 was the pretext for annexation of Eritrea by Imperial Ethiopia.


1956 Estonian SSR Football Championship
The 1956 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Baltic Fleet Tallinn.


1956 European Baseball Championship
The 1956 European Baseball Championship was held in Rome, Italy and was won by the Netherlands. Belgium finished as runner-up.


1956 European Cup Final
The 1956 European Cup Final was the inaugural final in the pan-European football competition, the European Cup, now known as the UEFA Champions League. It was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Reims from France, and played at the Parc des Princes in Paris on 13 June 1956 in front of 38,000 people. Real Madrid reached the final by beating Italian side Milan 5–4 on aggregate, whereas Reims beat Scottish club Hibernian 3–0 on aggregate. The match finished 4–3 to Real Madrid, who went on to record an unrivalled five consecutive European Cup titles.


1956 European Cup Final
The match started brightly for Reims, with Michel Leblond and Jean Templin scoring to make it 2–0 inside 10 minutes, but by half-time, Madrid had levelled the scores through goals from Alfredo Di Stéfano and Héctor Rial. Reims took the lead again on 62 minutes through Michel Hidalgo, but when Marquitos and Rial scored in the 67th and 79th minutes respectively, Reims could no longer respond, winning  Madrid the first ever European Cup/Champions League title, the first of five consecutive titles that they would go on to win.


1956 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Real Madrid
Real Madrid entered the European Cup competition as the title winners of the 1954–55 La Liga. In the opening round, they were drawn with Swiss champions Servette. After they secured a 2–0 victory away from home in the first leg, they secured a 5–0 victory at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium with Alfredo Di Stéfano scoring two goals in the victory. In the quarter-finals they were drawn against Yugoslavian side FK Partizan who had finished fifth in the previous season. In the opening leg at home, Heliodoro Castaño Pedrosa scored two goals as fellow goals from Francisco Gento and Alfredo Di Stéfano gave Real Madrid a four goal lead heading into the away leg at Belgrade.


1956 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1956 European Figure Skating Championships were held on January 19–21, 1956 in Paris, France. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.


1956 European Rowing Championships
The 1956 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on Lake Bled in the city of Bled which, at the time, was located in Yugoslavia. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+), and women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+). Many of the men competed two months later at the Olympic Games in Melbourne; women would first be allowed to compete at Olympic level in 1976.


1956 European Rowing Championships, Background
FISA, the International Rowing Federation, decided at its congress held just prior to the 1955 Championships in Ghent to award the 1956 Championships to Bled, and that the 1957 Championships were to be hosted by Duisburg.


1956 European Shotgun Championships
The 1956 European Shotgun Championships was the 1st edition of the global shotgun competition, European Shotgun Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.


1956 FA Charity Shield
The 1956 FA Charity Shield was the 34th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match held between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by Manchester United, who had won the 1955–56 Football League, and Manchester City, who had won the 1955–56 FA Cup, at Maine Road, Manchester, on 24 October 1956. Manchester United won the match 1–0, Dennis Viollet scoring the winning goal. Manchester United goalkeeper David Gaskell made his debut for the club during the game, taking the place of injured goalkeeper Ray Wood, and, at the age of 16 years and 19 days, became the youngest player ever to play for the club.


1956 FA Charity Shield
This game was the first competitive floodlit Manchester derby. The game was a break with tradition as Charity Shield games were typically played at the home ground of the League Champions, but as Old Trafford had yet to install lights, the game was played at Maine Road. Prior to this the first floodlit Manchester derby was played on 26 February 1889 at the Belle Vue Athletic Ground. That match was also a charity game as it was played in aid of the Hyde Coal Mine disaster.


1956 FA Cup Final
The 1956 FA Cup Final was the final match of the 1955–56 staging of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. The showpiece event was contested between Manchester City and Birmingham City at Wembley Stadium in London on Saturday 5 May 1956. Two-time winners Manchester City were appearing in their sixth final, whereas Birmingham City were seeking to win the competition for the first time, having lost their only previous final in 1931.


1956 FA Cup Final
Each club needed to win five matches to reach the final. Manchester City's victories were close affairs, each settled by the odd goal, and they needed a replay to defeat fifth-round opponents Liverpool. Birmingham City made more comfortable progress: they scored eighteen goals while conceding only two, and won each match at the first attempt despite being drawn to play on their opponents' ground in every round. They became the first team to reach an FA Cup final without playing at home.


1956 FA Cup Final
Birmingham City entered the match as favourites, in a contest billed as a contrast of styles. Watched by a crowd of 100,000 and a television audience of five million, Manchester City took an early lead through Joe Hayes, but Noel Kinsey equalised midway through the first half. Second half goals from Jack Dyson and Bobby Johnstone gave Manchester City a 3–1 victory. The match is best remembered for the heroics of Manchester City goalkeeper, Bert Trautmann, who continued playing despite breaking a bone in his neck in a collision with Birmingham City's Peter Murphy. Due to his heroics, the game is often referred to as "the Trautmann final".


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City
As both Birmingham City and Manchester City were First Division clubs, they entered the competition in the third round. Manchester City's cup run started with a home tie against Blackpool. The visitors took the lead after only 10 seconds (their fastest goal ever), but midway through the match, fog enveloped Maine Road. The match was abandoned during the second half, immediately after City had scored an equalising goal, and replayed the following Wednesday; City won 2–1. In the fourth round Manchester City faced Southend United at Roots Hall.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City
The Essex club's ground had only opened five months previously, and was suffering from drainage problems. Torrential rainfall meant that in the week before the match a trench was dug across the pitch, and sand added. Though Southend were a Third Division team, their familiarity with the uneven pitch meant the match was closely contested. Southend pressured the Manchester City goal, requiring Bert Trautmann to make several saves, but Joe Hayes scored the only goal of the game on a City counter-attack to earn a fifth-round tie against Liverpool.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City
In the fifth-round match, the teams saw out a 0–0 draw at Maine Road, and the match was replayed at Anfield. Goals from Jack Dyson and Bobby Johnstone gave Manchester City a 2–1 lead, but the game finished in controversial circumstances when the referee blew his whistle for full time as Liverpool's Billy Liddell was bearing down on goal. Liddell put the ball in the net, but unbeknown to him the goal did not count as the match was already over. In the quarter final Manchester City again played opposition from Liverpool, facing Everton at Maine Road.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City
Trailing 1–0 at half-time after a Jimmy Harris goal, City overcame the deficit in the second half with goals from Hayes and Johnstone. Further controversy followed in the semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur, when in the final minutes of the match, with the score at 1–0 to Manchester City, Tottenham were denied a penalty after goalkeeper Trautmann grabbed forward George Robb's leg. No further goalscoring opportunities occurred, and City hung on for the victory.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Manager Arthur Turner called on his team to match their Third Division opponents Torquay United for fighting spirit and to produce a "90-minute performance". The players complied; leading 4–0 at half-time, they finished as comfortable 7–1 winners. In the fourth round, Leyton Orient, who had beaten Birmingham at the same stage four years earlier, posed more of a potential problem. In reality the win was equally comfortable: Eddy Brown added two goals to his hat-trick at Torquay. A tight local derby game followed on a snow-covered frozen pitch at The Hawthorns.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
In the first half, goalkeeper Gil Merrick and his defence did well to keep West Bromwich Albion out; Trevor Smith had to clear a Ronnie Allen header from under the crossbar. In the second half, Birmingham wasted several chances before a one-two with Brown allowed Peter Murphy to score from the edge of the penalty area.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
In the sixth round, Birmingham faced Arsenal on a muddy pitch. In order to relieve the tension on the way to important matches, manager Turner used to encourage the players to sing. Scotsman Alex Govan's contribution, Harry Lauder's rousing "Keep right on to the end of the road", was adopted by his teammates. As the team coach approached Highbury with the windows wound down, the fans joined in, continuing their rendition during the game. After first-half goals from Gordon Astall and Murphy, Birmingham went 3–0 up through Brown with twenty minutes left. Two minutes later, Arsenal scored from 30 yards (27 m), Birmingham were unsettled, and Merrick needed to make a fine save from Vic Groves to prevent a second Arsenal goal. Turner felt the motivation from such a powerful song played a significant part in the day's victory.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Semi-final opponents Sunderland found Birmingham without "hard-man" left-half Roy Warhurst, who had injured a thigh against Arsenal, but in Jack Badham they had an effective replacement. The club's official history describes this as "probably the finest team performance against top class opposition ever produced" by a Birmingham team. They attacked from the kick-off and nullified Sunderland's pressure and the threat of Len Shackleton. Noel Kinsey scored early and the second goal came from a passing move down the left side finished by Astall. As Sunderland threw everyone forward, which left them open at the back, Brown picked up a long through ball and lobbed the goalkeeper. Astall said afterwards that he was surprised they had not scored five, and Brown wrote in his newspaper column:


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Now Sunderland found out how hard it is to score against this terrific defence of ours. Not for nothing have we scored 18 goals against two (both of them freaks) conceded in five ties all away from home. What can I say to do justice to that brilliant goalkeeper Gil Merrick, to wonderful young Trevor Smith and to the matchless Jeff Hall and Ken Green? Once again they mixed the old cement and constructed that brilliant wall of a defence. Sunderland would have needed to call in a firm of demolition contractors to destroy it.


1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City
Birmingham City thus reached the final without playing a single tie at home, a feat which had never previously been accomplished.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
The 1956 final was the second time that Birmingham had reached the showpiece match, having lost 2–1 to West Bromwich Albion in 1931. Manchester City were appearing in the final for the sixth time, and for the second consecutive year. They had won the cup twice previously (in 1904 and 1934), and had been beaten in the final three times (in 1926, 1933 and 1955). Though Birmingham had less pedigree in the competition, the press viewed them as favourites.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
The Daily Telegraph contrasted Birmingham's "dazzling Cup run" with the manner in which Manchester City "scraped through", describing the Midlanders as "firm favourites". Interviews with players were typically bullish in tone. Manchester City's Bobby Johnstone opined that "Even an unbiased fan must regard Manchester City with favour", whereas Birmingham's Len Boyd gauged opinion quite differently: "They say Birmingham City are the hottest Cup favourites since Wolves crashed to Portsmouth in 1939".


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
During the 1950s the FA Cup final was the only football match to be televised nationally, resulting in heightened media attention for the players and clubs involved. The Players' Union successfully requested an additional £5 per man for appearing in a televised match, the first time such appearance money had been paid. Birmingham's players signed an exclusive contract with the BBC committing them to appear only on BBC programmes in the weeks leading up to the final, though their post-match celebration would be covered live by the regional commercial station ATV. The match itself attracted a television audience of five million, a high figure for the period.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
Each club received 15,000 tickets for the final from the Football Association. Birmingham distributed their share by ballot among those supporters who had followed the team in the earlier rounds of the competition; 22,000 had attended the semi-final, so many thousands were left disappointed. Of the remaining tickets, 4,640 were allocated to the FA, 40,640 to County Associations, 20,090 to Football League clubs, 2,550 to FA members and 2,080 to the FA Council and stadium authorities. An enquiry into the black market held following the previous year's Cup Final meant ticket touts kept a lower profile than usual. However, in the week leading up to the game, the cheapest standing tickets, originally sold for 3s 6d, were changing hands in Birmingham for twenty times face value, or 35% of a manual worker's weekly earnings.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
Manchester City spent the week preceding the final at a training camp in Eastbourne. Two days before the final Bert Trautmann, who had originally arrived in England as a prisoner of war, was named Footballer of the Year. Eight players who had played in the previous year's final were selected in the starting line-up. Press speculation in the run-up to the match pondered which of Don Revie and Bobby Johnstone would be selected, as Johnstone had been suffering from a calf problem.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
Bill Leivers was also an injury doubt due to a twisted ankle, and Billy Spurdle had a boil on his left arm lanced on the eve of the final. Consequently, the Manchester City line-up was not named until the morning of the match. Leivers was passed fit after having two pain-killing injections, but contrary to press expectations Spurdle missed out. This meant both Revie and Johnstone appeared in the line-up, Johnstone switching to outside right.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
Birmingham also had doubts over their selection. Captain Len Boyd had for some time been suffering from a debilitating back problem, and relied on injections to keep him playing. He missed five of the last seven games of the season, but was passed fit on the Wednesday before the game. Fellow wing half Roy Warhurst had injured his thigh in the sixth-round match and played no further part in the season, while Badham, who damaged an ankle three weeks before the final, travelled on the Thursday with the rest of the team to their base in Twyford, Berkshire. Jeff Hall was struggling with a virus. When manager Turner announced his team on the eve of the match, Boyd took Warhurst's position at left-half, Badham, who had proved an able deputy in the semi-final, was omitted, and the inexperienced 22-year-old Johnny Newman came in on the right.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
British Railways laid on 38 special trains to take some 19,000 supporters to London, the first of which arrived at St Pancras station from Manchester Central shortly after 3 a.m. For the first time, the official programmes were on sale from early morning in an attempt to thwart sellers of unofficial versions. The Birmingham Mail set up a temporary press in a Wembley car park to produce a special edition of their Saturday sports paper, the Sports Argus, on blue paper rather than the usual pink.


1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up
As the teams prepared in the dressing rooms, the crowd was led in communal singing, including songs with resonance for each of the two teams, "She's a lassie from Lancashire" and "Keep right on to the end of the road", and the hymn "Abide with Me", traditionally sung before every FA Cup final. As the teams emerged from the tunnel, Manchester City captain Roy Paul seized one last opportunity to stir emotion within the players by stopping, raising his fist and shouting "If we don't fucking win, you'll get some of this".


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Both teams employed the formation typical of the era: two full backs, a centre half, two wing halves, two outside forwards, two inside forwards and a centre forward. However, their tactical approaches differed. Birmingham, described by The Times as using "iron determination, powerful tackling and open direct methods", employed the traditional English approach of getting the ball to the outside-forwards as quickly as possible, whereas Manchester City adopted tactics inspired by the Hungarian team which had soundly beaten England at Wembley three years before.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
The system involved using Don Revie in a deeper position than a traditional centre-forward in order to draw a defender out of position, and was therefore known as the "Revie Plan". As both teams' first-choice colours were blue, each team wore their change strip to prevent confusion. Manchester City therefore wore maroon stripes, and Birmingham City wore white.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Birmingham won the toss and Manchester City kicked off. The Birmingham goal came under pressure almost immediately. Within a minute a far post cross from Roy Clarke narrowly eluded Hayes. Two corners followed, the second resulting in a shot by Roy Paul. The next attack, in the third minute, resulted in the opening goal. Revie began the move, exchanging passes with Clarke, and back-heeling for the unmarked Hayes to sweep the ball past Gil Merrick to put Manchester City ahead.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Birmingham's confidence was shaken, resulting in a series of Manchester City corners and a chance for Hayes, but they fought back to equalise in the 15th minute. Astall slipped the ball to Brown, who helped it forward. It rebounded off a Manchester City defender into the path of Welsh international inside‑forward Noel Kinsey, who fired home via Trautmann's far post. For the remainder of the first half Birmingham had most of the play, exerting pressure on Manchester City full-back Leivers, but were unable to make a breakthrough. Though Birmingham put the ball in the net twice, Brown was adjudged to be offside on both occasions. With Warhurst missing and Boyd out of position and not fully fit, Birmingham's strength and balance was disrupted, leaving them particularly vulnerable to Manchester City's unconventional style.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
During the half-time interval, a row erupted between the Birmingham manager and some of his players about their fitness; in the Manchester City dressing room, a heated exchange took place between Barnes and Revie. Barnes had played defensively in the first half to counter the threat of Peter Murphy, but Revie urged him to play further forward. Meanwhile, manager Les McDowall exhorted his players to keep possession and make their opponents chase the ball.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
The period immediately after half‑time saw few chances, but then, after just over an hour's play, Manchester City regained their stride and suddenly went two goals ahead. A throw-in to Revie led to interplay on the right wing involving Barnes, Dyson, and Johnstone, resulting in a through-ball which put Dyson clear of the defence to score. Two minutes later, Trautmann collected the ball at the end of a Birmingham attack and kicked the ball long to Dyson, over the heads of the retreating Birmingham players. Dyson flicked the ball on to Bobby Johnstone, who scored Manchester City's third, becoming the first player ever to score in consecutive Wembley finals in the process.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
With 17 minutes remaining, a Birmingham chance arose when Murphy outpaced Dave Ewing. Goalkeeper Trautmann dived at the feet of Murphy to win the ball, but in the collision Murphy's right knee hit Trautmann's neck with a forceful blow. Trautmann was knocked unconscious, and the referee stopped play immediately. Trainer Laurie Barnett rushed onto the pitch, and treatment continued for several minutes. No substitutes were permitted, so Manchester City would have to see out the game with ten men if Trautmann was unable to continue.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
Captain Roy Paul felt certain that Trautmann was not fit to complete the match, and wished to put Roy Little in goal instead. However, Trautmann, dazed and unsteady on his feet, insisted upon keeping his goal. He played out the remaining minutes in great pain, with the Manchester City defenders attempting to clear the ball well upfield or into the stand whenever it came near. Trautmann was called upon to make two further saves to deny Brown and Murphy, the second causing him to recoil in agony due to a collision with Ewing, which required the trainer to revive him.


1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary
No further goals were scored, and the referee blew for full time with the final score 3–1 to Manchester City. As the players left the field, the crowd sang a chorus of "For he's a jolly good fellow" in tribute to Trautmann's bravery. Roy Paul led his team up the steps to the royal box to receive Manchester City's third FA Cup. Trautmann's neck continued to cause him pain, and the Duke of Edinburgh commented on its crooked state as he gave Trautmann his winner's medal. Three days later, an examination revealed that Trautmann had broken a bone in his neck.


1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Trautmann attended the evening's post-match banquet (where Alma Cogan sang to the players) despite being unable to move his head, and went to bed expecting his injury to heal with rest. As the pain did not recede, the following day he went to St George's Hospital, where he was told he merely had a crick in his neck which would go away. Three days later, he got a second opinion from a doctor at Manchester Royal Infirmary. An X-ray revealed he had dislocated five vertebrae in his neck, the second of which was cracked in two. The third vertebra had wedged against the second, preventing further damage which could have cost Trautmann his life.


1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match
When Manchester City's train from London reached Manchester, the team were greeted by cameras from Granada TV and an open-top bus. They embarked on a journey from London Road station to the town hall in Albert Square, taking a route along some of Manchester's main shopping streets. The size and spirit of the crowds led the Manchester Evening Chronicle to make comparisons with VE Day. The boisterousness of the crowds in Albert Square meant the Lord Mayor struggled to make his speech heard above chants of "We want Bert". After the civic reception at the Town Hall and a banquet at a Piccadilly restaurant, the team returned to the open-top bus and headed to Belle Vue Pleasure Gardens, near the club's former home of Hyde Road in east Manchester, where the Chronicle held a function.


1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match
An estimated 10,000 people met the Birmingham City party on their return to Snow Hill station. The players, in the first of a convoy of four coaches, waved to the assembled crowds through the open sun-roof as they proceeded to the Council House, where the Lord Mayor welcomed them on behalf of the city. Len Boyd addressed the crowds from the balcony before the coaches continued through the city centre and back to St Andrew's, Birmingham City's home ground. The following Wednesday, a dinner was held to honour the club's achievements. Guests included the 84-year-old Billy Walton, who had joined the club in 1888, six members of Birmingham's 1931 cup final team, and a trade delegation from the Soviet city of Sverdlovsk.


1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Though the thousands gathered outside the Council House roared "No!" when Boyd said the team felt they had let the supporters down, there were recriminations concerning Birmingham's performance and team selection. The local press suggested that attempts to combat "Wembley nerves" had resulted in an "over-casual approach to the game". The row at half-time had done little for second-half morale, but speaking fifty years later, Gil Merrick placed the blame less on Boyd's questionable fitness than on a failure to discuss how to stop Revie.


1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match
Alex Govan, convinced that "if Roy Warhurst had been fit then there would only have been one winner", blamed "bad team selection", saying that even without Warhurst he firmly believed "that if Badham had been in we would have won that game. He would never have given Don Revie the room to run the match." Warhurst himself thought the selection of Newman "meant the team had to adapt its style and in the end we used different tactics to those that had been successful all season".


1956 FAMAS Awards
The 4th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held on MARCH 17, 1956 for the Outstanding Achievements in 1955 at Fiesta Pavilion in Manila Hotel.


1956 FAMAS Awards
Higit Sa Lahat, by (LVN Pictures) is the recipient of this edition's FAMAS Award for Best Picture.


1956 FC Dinamo București season
The 1956 season was Dinamo București's eighth season in Divizia A. As Romanian champions, Dinamo plays in the European Cup, becoming the first Romanian team to participate in this competition. In Divizia A, Dinamo ends second place, four points behind the champions. Alexandru Ene is also second in the goalscorer's hierarchy, with 17 goals.


1956 FC Dinamo București season, European Cup
On August 26, 1956, Dinamo plays their first European game. In the preliminary round, Dinamo meets Galatasaray Istanbul. The first match takes place in Bucharest, on 23 August stadium, in front of 85.000 spectators. Dinamo wins 3–1 and then they move forward after a 1–2 loss in Istanbul. In the first round, Dinamo is eliminated by CDNA Sofia.


1956 FC Dinamo București season, Transfers
Before the season start, Iuliu Uţu is brought from Stiinta Timişoara, for Petre Curcan. Carol Bartha is transferred to Progresul Oradea. Vasile Anghel and Ion Nunweiller are promoted from the junior team.


1956 FC Steaua București season
The 1956 season was FC Steaua București's 9th season since its founding in 1947.


1956 FDGB-Pokal
The 1956 FDGB-Pokal started with 148 teams. It was the sixth time that the East German national cup in association football was contested. Due to the switch to a calendar year season the final took place at the end of the year.


1956 FDGB-Pokal
Two qualifying rounds were played before the first round. All rounds were played as knock-out matches with extra time following a draw after 90 minutes. If extra time yielded no winner, the teams faced each other again in a replay.


1956 FDGB-Pokal
120 quarter-finalist of the DDR-Bezirkspokal competitions were joined by 21 members of the third-tier 2nd DDR-Liga that had been created in 1955. After the second qualifying round, the remaining 36 teams were joined by the 28 teams from the top-tier DDR-Oberliga and the second-tier DDR-Liga. By the third round proper none of the Bezirkspokal or 2nd DDR-Liga sides remained. In addition Oberliga sides Rotation Babelsberg, Motor Karl-Marx-Stadt, SC Rotation Leipzig and Motor Zwickau had been eliminated.


1956 FDGB-Pokal
Three DDR-Liga teams entered the quarter-finals – Chemie Wolfen, Chemie Halle-Leuna and BSG Chemie Zeitz – but only Halle went through to the semi-finals after a 4–3 extra time win over Aktivist Brieske-Senftenberg. In the semi-final the underdogs from Halle held Oberliga side Turbine Erfurt to a 1-all draw after extra time – and won the replay 5-0 to reach the final in Magdeburg. Their opponents were ZASK Vorwärts Berlin who had eliminated holders and Oberliga champions Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt.


1956 FDGB-Pokal, First qualifying round
BSG Wismut Auerbach, BSG Wismut Schneeberg, BSG Stahl Lippendorf were given byes to the second qualifying round.


1956 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship
The 1956 FIVB Men's World Championship was the third edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 30 August to 12 September 1956 in Paris, France.


1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship
The 1956 FIVB Women's World Championship was the second edition of the tournament, contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. It was held from 30 August to 12 September 1956 in France.


1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Format
The tournament was played in two different stages (first and final rounds). In the First round, the 17 participants were divided in five groups (two groups of four teams and three groups of three teams). A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams group position, all teams progressed to the next round.


1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Format
In the Final round, two groups were created (1st-10th and 11th-17th), teams were allocated to a group according to their First round group position (best two teams of each group going to 1st-10th and the remaining teams to 11th-17th). A single round-robin format was played within each group with matches already played between teams in the First round also counted in this round.


1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Results, Final round
The results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the first round are taken into account for the final round.


1956 Falkland Islands general election
The Falkland Islands general election of 1956 was held in March and April 1956 to elect members to the Legislative Council. Four out of the twelve Councillors were elected through universal suffrage, two from Stanley and one each from East Falkland and West Falkland. Owing to the remoteness of some settlements and the unpredictability of the weather on the Falkland Islands, the election took place over several days.


1956 Falkland Islands general election, Results
Candidates in bold were elected. Candidates in italic were incumbents.


1956 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji in August 1956; voting took place in the Eastern constituencies between 11 and 18 August, and on 18 August in all other constituencies.


1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Council consisted of 32 members, including 16 'official' members who were civil servants, fifteen 'unofficial' members (five Europeans, five Fijians and five Indo-Fijians), and the Governor sitting as President of the Council.


1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system
For Europeans and Indo-Fijians, three of the five representatives were elected from single-member constituencies, with the other two appointed by the Governor. All five Fijian members were appointed from a list of ten candidates submitted by the Great Council of Chiefs.


1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system
Voting for Europeans remained restricted to men aged 21 or over who had been born to European parents (or a European father and was able to read, speak and write English), who were British subjects and had been continuously resident in Fiji for 12 months, and who either owned at least £20 of freehold or leasehold property or had an annual income of at least £120. For Indo-Fijians, eligibility was also restricted to men aged 21 or over.


1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system
They had to be a British subject or from British India, have lived continuously in the Fiji for at least two years, be able to read or write in English, Gujarati, Gurmukhi,  Hindi, Tamil, Telegu or Urdu, and for the previous six months, have either owned property with an annual value of five years, had a net annual cash income of at least £75, or held a Government or municipal licence worth at least £5 annually.


1956 Fijian general election, Campaign
The elections were boycotted by the Muslim community in protest at not having an elected seat reserved for them. The community was instead represented by one of the two Indo-Fijian nominated members. The Fiji Muslim League requested its members not to participate in the elections in any form, whilst the Muslim Association of Fiji advised Muslims not to accept nomination to the Council.


1956 Fijian general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, Lala Sukuna was appointed as the first Speaker of the Legislative Council.


1956 Fijian general election, Aftermath
A. H. Sahu Khan, leader of the Muslim Association of Fiji, replaced A. R. Manu as one of the nominated Indian members in 1957. After Maurice Scott was appointed Speaker following the death of Sukuna in May 1958, a by-election was held in the European Northern and Western constituency, in which Ronald Kermode defeated Mark White by seven votes.


1956 Finnish Cup
The 1956 Finnish Cup (Finnish: Suomen Cup) was the 2nd season of the main annual association football cup competition in Finland. It was organised as a single-elimination knock–out tournament and participation in the competition was voluntary. The final was held at the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki on 28 October 1956 with Pallo-Pojat defeating Tampereen Kisatoverit by 2–1 before an attendance of 2,020 spectators.


1956 Finnish presidential election
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1956. On 16 and 17 January the public elected presidential electors to an electoral college. They in turn elected the President. The result was a victory for Urho Kekkonen, who won on the third ballot over Karl-August Fagerholm. The turnout for the popular vote was 73.4%. Kekkonen had been Juho Kusti Paasikivi's heir apparent since the early 1950s, given his notable political skills for building coalitions, bargaining, risk-taking and adjusting his tactics, actions and rhetoric with regard for the prevailing political wind.


1956 Finnish presidential election
On the other hand, his behaviour and political tactics, including sharp-tongued speeches and writings, utilization of political opponents' weaknesses, and rather close relations with the Soviet leaders, were severely criticized by several of his political opponents. Kekkonen's colourful private life, including occasional heavy drinking and at least one extramarital affair, also provided his fierce opponents with verbal and political weapons to attack him. Several other presidential candidates were also criticized for personal issues or failures.


1956 Finnish presidential election
Despite all the anti-Kekkonen criticism, his political party, the Agrarians, succeeded for the first time in getting the same share of the vote in the presidential elections' direct stage as in the parliamentary elections. President Paasikivi had neither publicly agreed nor refused to be a presidential candidate. He considered himself morally obliged to serve as President for a couple of more years, if many politicians urged him to do so.


1956 Finnish presidential election
Between the first and second ballots of the Electoral College, one National Coalitioner phoned him, asking him to become a dark-horse presidential candidate of the National Coalitioners, Swedish People's Party and People's Party (liberals). At first, Paasikivi declined, requiring the support of Social Democrats and most Agrarians. Then he moderated his position, but mistakenly believed that he would receive enough Social Democratic, Agrarian and Communist and People's Democratic electors' votes to advance to the crucial third ballot.


1956 Finnish presidential election
This did not happen, because all Agrarian electors remained loyal to Kekkonen, all Social Democratic electors remained loyal to Fagerholm, and the Communist and People's Democratic electors split their votes to help Fagerholm and Kekkonen advance to the third ballot. The bitterly annoyed and disappointed President Paasikivi publicly denied his last-minute presidential candidacy two days later. Kekkonen was elected President with the narrowest possible majority, 151 votes to 149.


1956 Finnish presidential election
For several decades, the question of who cast the decisive vote for him has been debated among Finnish politicians and some Finnish journalists (see, for example, Lauri Haataja, "A Reconstructing Finland" (Jälleenrakentava Suomi), pgs. 825-827, 829-831 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen. Helsinki:  WSOY, 2003;  Pentti Virrankoski, A History of Finland / Suomen historia, volumes 1&2. Helsinki:  Finnish Literature Society (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura), 2009, pg. 954;  Tuomo Polvinen, J.K. Paasikivi - A Statesman's Life Work (Valtiomiehen elämäntyö), volume 5:  1948-1956. Helsinki:  WSOY, 2003).


1956 Five Nations Championship
The 1956 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-seventh series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-second series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 14 January and 14 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.


1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team
The 1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1956 NCAA College  Division football season. In their 12th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8–1 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 406 to 98. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.


1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team
The Rattlers' sole loss was by two points to undefeated black college national champion Tennessee A&I before a crowd of 41,808 in the Orange Blossom Classic. Florida A&M was stopped six inches from a game-winning touchdown in the final minute of the game. Willie Galimore rushed for 127 yards and three touchdowns in the game, but also fumbled three times.


1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team
The team's statistical leaders included Galimore with 820 rushing yards, Dennis Jefferson with 708 passing yards, and Al Frazier with 405 receiving yards. Gallimore and Frazier each scored 16 touchdowns. Frazier tallied 116 points, a single-season team scoring record that still stands. Galimore later played seven years with the Chicago Bears and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.


1956 Florida Gators football team
The 1956 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the  1956 NCAA University Division football season. The season was the seventh for Bob Woodruff as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The Gators were led by All-American tackle John Barrow, quarterback Jimmy Dunn, two-way halfbacks Joe Brodsky, Bernie Parrish, Jim Rountree and Jackie Simpson, and defensive back John Symank.


1956 Florida Gators football team
The highlights of the season included conference road wins over the Mississippi State Maroons (26–0) in Starkville, Mississippi, the Vanderbilt Commodores 21–7 in Nashville, Tennessee, and the LSU Tigers 21–6 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, a shutout homecoming victory over the Auburn Tigers (20–0), and a second consecutive win over the Georgia Bulldogs (28–0). Woodruff's 1956 Florida Gators started a promising 6–1–1, but lost their final two games to finish 6–3–1 overall and 5–2 in the Southeastern Conference, placing third in the SEC among twelve teams.


1956 Florida State Seminoles football team
The 1956 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.


1956 Florida gubernatorial election
The 1956 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democrat LeRoy Collins defeated Republican nominee William A. Washburne Jr. with 73.69% of the vote.


1956 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR
The 1956 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1956 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.


1956 Formula One season
The 1956 Formula One season was the tenth season of FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the seventh World Championship of Drivers  as well as numerous non-championship races. The championship series commenced on 22 January 1956 and ended on 2 September after eight races. Juan Manuel Fangio won his third consecutive title, the fourth of his career. Until the 2006 season, this was the last season during which no British constructor won any championship race.


1956 Formula One season, Season summary
Fangio joined Ferrari after Mercedes-Benz, with whom he had won the 1954 and 1955 titles, withdrew from the sport. Ferrari acquired the folded Lancia team's D50 cars and put together a strong team containing Fangio, Eugenio Castellotti, Luigi Musso and Peter Collins. Fangio won the opening race after commandeering Musso's car after his own car had broken down. Collins and Fangio's teammate at Mercedes, Stirling Moss – now driving for Maserati provided the biggest challenge to his title defence, each winning two races. In an open season, the British Connaughts, Vanwalls and BRMs also showed some signs of promise.


1956 Formula One season, Season summary
Going into the final race of the season, Fangio had an eight-point lead over Collins and the consistent Jean Behra, driving for Maserati. The only way he could lose the title would be to score no points with Collins winning and setting fastest lap. (Because a driver could only count their best five scores, Behra could not win the title.) Fangio retired, and with Musso unwilling to share his car with Fangio, Collins had a great chance of winning his first title. Collins, in a remarkable act of sportsmanship, instead chose to hand his car over to Fangio to allow the Argentine to finish second in the race and win his third title in a row.


1956 Formula One season, Season review
The following races counted towards the 1956 World Championship of Drivers:


1956 Formula One season, Season review
The Suez crisis was a contributing factor in Formula One in 1956. The Dutch and Spanish Grands Prix were affected by this crisis, and the oil prices were too high for the teams and drivers, so the two races that were originally supposed to be held at Zandvoort and Pedralbes were cancelled. The Indianapolis 500 was USAC-sanctioned so not run to Formula One specifications, and also counted towards the 1956 USAC Championship title.


1956 Formula One season, Teams and drivers
The following teams and drivers competed in the 1956 FIA World Championship.


1956 Formula One season, Teams and drivers
The above list does not include competitors in the 1956 Indianapolis 500.


1956 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings
Championship points were awarded at each race on an 8–6–4–3–2 basis to the first five finishers, with an additional point awarded to the driver setting the fastest lap of the race. Points for shared drives were divided equally between the drivers, regardless of who had driven more laps. Only the best five round results were counted.


1956 Formula One season, Non-championship races
The following non-championship races for Formula One cars were also held in 1956:


1956 French Championships (tennis)
The 1956 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 15 May until 26 May. It was the 60th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1956. Lew Hoad and Althea Gibson won the singles titles.


1956 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Don Candy /  Robert Perry  defeated  Ashley Cooper /  Lew Hoad  7–5, 6–3, 6–3


1956 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Angela Buxton /  Althea Gibson defeated  Darlene Hard /  Dorothy Head Knode 6–8, 8–6, 6–1


1956 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Thelma Coyne Long /  Luis Ayala defeated  Darlene Hard /  Bob Howe  4–6, 6–4, 6–1


1956 French Championships – Men's Doubles
The 1956 French Championships – Men's Doubles was one of the competitions of the 1956 French Championships, a tennis tournament held at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France  from 15 May until 26 May 1956. The matches were played in a best-of-five sets format. Don Candy and  Bob Perry defeated Ashley Cooper and  Lew Hoad 7–5, 6–3, 6–3 in the final to win the title. The winning teams received 25,000 French franc per player with the runner-up players earning 12,000 Fr and the four losing semifinalists receiving 6,000 Fr each.


1956 French Championships – Men's Singles
First-seeded Lew Hoad defeated Sven Davidson 6–4, 8–6, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1956 French Championships.


1956 French Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Lew Hoad is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1956 French Championships – Women's Singles
Third-seeded Althea Gibson defeated Angela Mortimer 6–0, 12–10 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1956 French Championships. With this win Gibson became the first African-American, woman or man, to win a Grand Slam Championship.


1956 French Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Althea Gibson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1956 French Grand Prix
The 1956 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 1 July 1956 at Reims. It was race 5 of 8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.


1956 French Grand Prix
Bugatti made a one-off appearance in this race with their Type 251 driven by Maurice Trintignant. The car proved to be uncompetitive and he retired after 18 laps.


1956 French Sudan by-election
A by-elections to the French National Assembly was held in French Sudan on 8 July 1956 following the death of Mamadou Konaté of the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally (US−RDA), one of the territory's four MPs. US−RDA candidate Baréma Bocoum was elected.


1956 French Togoland autonomy referendum
A referendum on autonomy was held in French Togoland on 28 October 1956. Since World War I the territory had been a League of Nations mandate, then a United Nations Trust Territory under French control. The referendum offered residents the choice of remaining a Trust Territory or becoming an autonomous region within the French Union. The result being 93% in favour of the latter, with a 77.3% turnout. However, the referendum was rejected by the United Nations General Assembly as it had not included the option of independence and opted to continue with the trusteeship. In neighbouring British Togoland, a referendum earlier in the year had resulted in the territory becoming part of Ghana.


1956 French legislative election
French legislative elections to elect the third National Assembly of the Fourth Republic took place on 2 January 1956 using party-list proportional representation. The elections had been scheduled for June 1956; however, they were brought forward by Edgar Faure using a constitutional sanction.


1956 French legislative election
The previous legislative elections in 1951 had been won by the Third Force, a coalition of center-left and center-right parties, but it was divided about denominational schools question and, when faced with the colonial problem, the governments had gradually moved towards the right. A part of the Rally of the French People (RPF), the Gaullist party, joined the majority in opposing the leadership of Charles de Gaulle, who then retired.


1956 French legislative election
The defeat in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in May 1954 caused a political crisis. The Radical Pierre Mendès-France became leader of the cabinet and ended the First Indochina War. He also began the process of independence for Morocco and Tunisia, but from November 1954 on, France was confronted by the Algerian War. In February 1955, Mendès-France was replaced, at the head of the cabinet, by his rival in the Radical Party, Edgar Faure. This one led a more repressive policy in Algeria.


1956 French legislative election
The far-right, led by Pierre Poujade, re-appeared at about the same time. He was a critic of "fiscalism", and leader of a shopkeepers and craftsmen's movement. Many voters seemed tired of the political system's numerous ministerial crises, and he had much support in the rural areas, which were in decline.


1956 French legislative election
The anticipated legislative elections took place when Faure was defeated by the National Assembly. Even though the French Communist Party re-emerged as the country's most popular party (for the last time in its history), it did not join the government. A coalition was formed behind Mendès-France and advocated a peaceful resolution of the Algerian conflict.


1956 French legislative election
This Republican Front was composed of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) of Guy Mollet, the Radical Party of Pierre Mendès-France, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance of François Mitterrand and the National Centre of Social Republicans of Jacques Chaban-Delmas. Faure was excluded from the Radical Party – in response he transformed the Rally of the Republican Lefts (which had been abandoned by those groups which had now joined the Republican Front) into a party that he led, and he campaigned with the center-right parties. The French Communist Party remained the largest party and the Republican Front obtained a relative majority in order to end the Algerian War.


1956 French legislative election
The Poujadists won 52 seats versus predictions of six to eight, and the press stated that they held the balance of power. Media reception was mixed, with the result welcomed by communist supporters and condemned by papers such as The Times, Le Figaro, and The Saturday Evening Post.


1956 French legislative election
The coalition cabinet was led by the Socialist leader Guy Mollet. At the beginning he was also supported by the Communists, but pressure from the pieds-noir in Algeria incited him into leading a very repressive policy against the Algerian nationalists. This policy was criticized by Vice-Prime Minister Mendès-France and other members of the cabinet, who resigned, thus splitting the Republican Front. Mollet and his successors floundered in the conflict until May 1958.


1956 French legislative election in Cameroon
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Cameroons on 2 January 1956.


1956 French legislative election in Cameroon, Electoral system
The four seats allocated to the constituency were elected on two separate electoral rolls; French citizens elected one MP from the first college, whilst non-citizens elected three MPs in the second college.


1956 French legislative election in Chad–Ubangi-Shari
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Chad and Ubangi-Shari on 2 January 1956. The territories elected four seats to the Assembly via two electoral colleges; the first college spanned both territories and elected one seat, whilst Chad elected two seats via the second college and Ubangi-Shari one. René Malbrant was re-elected from the first college and Barthélémy Boganda from the second college in Ubangi-Shari. In the second college in Chad the Chadian Union and Chadian Social Action won one seat each, taken by Gabriel Lisette and Arabi el Goni respectively.


1956 French legislative election in Chad–Ubangi-Shari, Campaign
The Chadian Union alliance was formed by the Chadian Progressive Party, the Independent Socialist Party of Chad, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance and the Radical Socialist Party to contest the second college seat in Chad, nominating Gabriel Lisette and Djeraki Zaïd as its candidates.


1956 French legislative election in Dahomey
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Dahomey on 2 January 1956. The territory elected two seats to the Assembly, which were won by Sourou-Migan Apithy of the Republican Party of Dahomey and Hubert Maga of the Ethnic Group of the North. Voter turnout was 47.4%.


1956 French legislative election in French Somaliland
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1956 French legislative election in French Somaliland
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Harbi Farah Mahamoud was elected as the territory's MP.


1956 French legislative election in French Sudan
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Sudan on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Four members were elected, with the Sudanese Progressive Party (PSS) and the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally (US–RDA) winning two each. Mamadou Konaté and Modibo Keïta were elected on the US–RDA list, whilst Fily Dabo Sissoko and Hamadoun Dicko were elected for the PSS.


1956 French legislative election in Gabon–Moyen Congo
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Gabon and French Congo on 2 January 1956.


1956 French legislative election in Guinea
Elections to the French National Assembly were held Guinea on 2 January 1956, as part of the wider French elections. The Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally won two of the three seats (taken by Ahmed Sékou Touré and Saifoulaye Diallo) with the African Bloc of Guinea winning the other seat (Barry Diawadou).


1956 French legislative election in Ivory Coast
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Ivory Coast on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider parliamentary elections. The African Democratic Rally won both seats, which were taken by Félix Houphouët-Boigny and Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly.


1956 French legislative election in Mauritania
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Mauritania on 2 January 1956. Mauritania had one seat in the Assembly, which was won by Sidi el-Mokhtar N'Diaye, a member of the Mauritanian Progressive Union.


1956 French legislative election in Niger
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Niger on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. The Nigerien Progressive Party (PPN) and the Nigerien Action Bloc−Nigerien Progressive Union (BNA−UPN) alliance won one seat each. Georges Condat took the BNA−UPN seat, whilst Hamani Diori took the PPN seat.


1956 French legislative election in Niger, Campaign
The Independent List included François Borrey, who had unsuccessfully contested the November 1946 elections, and Dabo Aboudakar.


1956 French legislative election in Senegal
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Senegal on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. Two members were elected from the territory, both of which were won by the Senegalese Democratic Bloc. Mamadou Dia and Léopold Sédar Senghor were the two elected members.


1956 French legislative election in Togo
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Togoland on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. Nicolas Grunitzky of the Togolese Party of Progress was elected unopposed.


1956 French legislative election in Upper Volta
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Upper Volta on 2 January 1956, as part of the wider French elections. The results saw Gérard Kango Ouédraogo (Progressive Voltaic), Nazi Boni (African Popular Movement), Joseph Conombo and Henri Guissou (Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses) elected.


1956 French legislative election in the Comoros
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in the Comoros on 17 June 1951. The territory elected a single seat, won by Saïd Mohamed Cheikh.


1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.


1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The team was led by fifth-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with the best record in the CCAA, but no champion was named. The team had a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2, 2–0 CCAA).


1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL
The following finished their college career in 1956, were not drafted, but played in the AFL (prior to the merge with the NFL).


1956 Gainsborough by-election
The Gainsborough by-election was held on 14 February 1956. It was held due to the elevation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Harry Crookshank to a hereditary peerage. It was won by the Conservative candidate Marcus Kimball. The Liberals polled over 20% of the vote having not fielded a candidate in 1955. After the by-election Kimball was Baby of the House.


1956 Gator Bowl
The 1956 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 29, 1956, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The game pitted the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Pittsburgh Panthers.


1956 Gator Bowl, Background
The Panthers began the season ranked #10, along with victories over West Virginia and #7 Syracuse. However, they fell to California 14-0. After victories over Duke and Oregon that made them ranked at #11, they lost to #8 Minnesota, which made them fall to #20. They went 3-0-1 in their final four games, beating Notre Dame, Army, and #6 Miami, while tying Penn State. This was their second straight bowl game.


1956 Gator Bowl, Background
Georgia Tech began the season ranked #4, and they started the season with six straight victories, rising to #2 heading into a faceoff with #3 Tennessee, but they lost 6-0. Victoires over Alabama, #13 Florida and Georgia gave them nine victories and an invite to a bowl game for the sixth straight year.


1956 Gator Bowl, Game summary
Corny Salvaterra went 3-of-10 for 67 yards, with 16 rushes for 36 yards for Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh had more rushing yards (246 to 162), more passing yards (67 to 45), first downs (16 to 10), but also more turnovers (4 to 1) than Georgia Tech.


1956 Gator Bowl, Aftermath
Georgia Tech did not return to a bowl game until 1960, which was also in the Gator Bowl.


1956 Gator Bowl, Aftermath
As for Pittsburgh, they did not return to a bowl game again until 1973, nor return to the Gator Bowl until 1977.


1956 Gauhati by-election
In 1956, a bye-election was held in for the Gauhati constituency of the Lok Sabha of the Indian parliament from state of Assam. The election was won by the INC candidate Devendra Nath Sarma with 45057 votes, against  Hem Barua of Praja Socialist Party with 29112 votes.


1956 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1956 Gent–Wevelgem was the 18th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 25 March 1956. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Rik Van Looy.


1956 George Washington Colonials football team
The 1956 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled an 8–1–1 record (5–1 against conference records), finished third in the Southern Conference (SoCon), and was outscored by a total of 171 to 81.


1956 George Washington Colonials football team
The team's statistical leaders included Ray Looney with 262 passing yards, Pete Spera with 345 rushing yards, and Paul Thompson with 156 receiving yards.


1956 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1956 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.


1956 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1956 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 12th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.