1960 Columbia Lions football team
Columbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.


1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
The 1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the tenth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in May 1960, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan.


1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
This was the first Commonwealth conference since Malayan independence in August 1957 and saw the growing importance of the non-white  "New Commonwealth" countries. Malaya's prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman and his government vigorously opposed the apartheid policies of South Africa and, with the support of Pakistan, India and Ghana, demanded that the issue be addressed by the Commonwealth. However, Macmillan insisted that the final communique could only include matters on which the leaders were unanimous. Ghana advised the meeting that it would be becoming a republic and South Africa advised that it would be holding a referendum on the issue. Ghana was advised that its continued membership in the Commonwealth as a republic was recognised, however, South Africa was advised that it would need to seek consent of other Commonwealth governments for its membership to continue.


1960 Concepción earthquakes
The  1960 Concepción earthquakes were a succession of three destructive earthquakes that happened between 21 and 22 May 1960. They formed part of the foreshock sequence for the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the largest recorded earthquake in history.


1960 Concepción earthquakes
The first was on May 21 at 06:02 UTC-4. Its epicenter was near Cañete, Bío Bío Region, Chile, and its magnitude was 8.1  or 8.3MW and 7.3 or 7.5MS. This earthquake, which lasted 35 seconds, destroyed a third of the buildings in the city of Concepción.


1960 Concepción earthquakes
The earthquake effectively interrupted and ended Lota's coal miners march on Concepción where they demanded higher salaries.


1960 Concepción earthquakes
The second happened on May 22 at 06:30 UTC-4. Its epicenter was in the Nahuelbuta National Park, Araucanía Region, Chile, and its magnitude was 7.1 Mw. It was followed by a 6.8 Mw earthquake at 06:32 UTC-4.


1960 Concepción earthquakes
The third happened the same day at 14:56 UTC-4. Its epicenter was near Purén, Araucanía Region, Chile and its magnitude was 7.8 MS or 7.8 Mw. This earthquake happened 15 minutes before the 1960 Valdivia earthquake.


1960 Connecticut Huskies football team
The 1960 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies were led by ninth-year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 5–4.


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia
The Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Ústava Československé socialistické / Československej socialistickej republiky in Czech / Slovak), promulgated on 11 July 1960 as the constitutional law 100/1960 Sb., was the third constitution of Czechoslovakia, and the second of the Communist era. It replaced the 1948 Ninth-of-May Constitution and was widely changed by the Constitutional Law of Federation in 1968. It was extensively revised after the Velvet Revolution to prune out its Communist character, with a view toward replacing it with a completely new constitution. However, this never took place, and it remained in force until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992.


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview
The Ninth-of-May-Constitution was superficially similar in many respects to the 1920 Constitution and contained a mixture of liberal democratic and Communist elements. In contrast, the 1960 Constitution was a fully Communist document. It borrowed heavily from the 1936 Soviet Constitution. This was reflected in the change of the country's official name from the Czechoslovak Republic (which was described as a people's democratic state" after the 1948 Communist takeover) to Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview
Due to President and party boss Antonín Novotný's devotion to Nikita Khrushchev and oneupmanship among other Eastern Bloc countries, Czechoslovakia was declared the first country after "our great ally, the fraternal Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" which achieved socialism (3 years before Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and 5 before Socialist Republic of Romania). Thus the constitution's preamble said that "socialism has won in our country," proclaiming that the last obstacle to socialism had been removed by "the determined action of the working people in February 1948." It went on to say that as a result of "finishing the socialist construction, we are changing over to building an advanced socialist society and gathering strength for the transition to communism."


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview
The 1960 Constitution severely limited the autonomy granted to Slovakia. This provision was Novotný's idea. The executive branch of the Slovak government was abolished and its duties assigned to the Presidium of the Slovak National Council, thus combining executive and legislative functions into a single body. The legislative National Assembly was given authority to overrule decisions of the Slovak National Council, and central government agencies took over the administration of the major organs of Slovak local government.


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview
The constitution was first amended by constitutional laws 110/1967 (status of Prague local councils to be set by special law), 28/1968 (similar for Bratislava), the Constitutional Law of Federation 143/1968 and accompanying 144/1968 on ethnic minorities, and further by constitutional laws 57/1969 (local councils put into the authority of national republics), 155/1969 (court reform), 43/1971 (elected bodies term of office prolonged to 5 years from 4), 50/1975 (this actually affected only the Constitutional Law of Federation, into which the Presidency had been moved: President unable to carry out his duties over a year can be replaced, i. e. ill Ludvík Svoboda with Gustáv Husák), 62/1978 (a minor change about schooling, see below), 135/1989 (leading role of the KSČ abolished etc.) and several times during 1990–1992 (e. g. 102/1990 change of the national symbols - the constitutional laws changing the country's name twice weren't formally amendments to the constitution; 23/1991 incorporation of the human rights charter that replaced the Chapter 2 below, etc. ).


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure
The Constitution consisted of a preamble and 112 articles divided into 9 chapters. Chapter 1, entitled "The Social Order," declares Czechoslovakia to be a "socialist state, founded on the firm bond of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, in whose lead is the working class." It declared Czechoslovakia to be a member of "the world socialist system" dedicated to "friendly relations to all nations and securing lasting peace in the whole world". The paragraph whereby it was "a unitary State of two fraternal nations possessing equal rights – the Czechs and the Slovaks" was changed into "federal state" and moved into the Law of Federation in 1968.


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure
While Article 1 of the Ninth-of-May Constitution vested all power in "the people," Article 2 of the 1960 Constitution vested power in "the working people." State power was exercised "by the working people through representative bodies which are elected by, surveilled by, and accountable to them." Article 4 stipulated that "the leading force in the society and the state is the vanguard of the working class, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ)." The party had not even been mentioned in the Ninth-of-May Constitution.


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure
Principles of the "socialist economic system, in which the means of production are socialised and the entire national economy directed by plan" and the rules of democratic centralism, are also laid out. "Socialist ownership" takes two forms: state ownership especially of natural resources, the means of industrial production, public transportation and communications, banks and insurance companies, mass media and health, educational, and scientific facilities; and cooperative ownership, which is the property of people's cooperatives (Art. 8). Small private enterprises "based on [owner's] personal labour and excluding exploitation of others' workforce" are permitted within limits (9) formally; this in practice concerned agriculture. Personal ownership of consumer goods, "family homes, and savings earned through labour" is guaranteed, as is inheritance of such property (10).


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure
Chapter 2 describes the rights and duties of citizens. Equal rights regardless of nationality, race, or sex are guaranteed (20). Education is free and compulsory to the age of fifteen (24; this was changed to "set by law" as impractical in the education reform of the 1970s); citizens of Hungarian, Ukrainian, and Polish ethnicity are ensured "all opportunities and means for education in their mother tongue" (25; this was abolished and replaced by somewhat more detailed constitutional law on minorities 144/1968, which also took in account Germans and listed Rusyns as synonym to Ukrainians).


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure
"All citizens have the right of work and compensation for work done according to its amount, quality and social import" (21), "all workers" have the right of medical care and material security in old age and in case of disability (23). "In accordance with the interests of the working people, all citizens are guaranteed" freedom of speech and press (28).


1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure
Also guaranteed is the "right to profess any religious faith or to be without religious conviction, and to practice religious acts unless this contravenes the law"; conscientious objection to "civic duty set by law" based on religious conviction is specifically prohibited (32) while citizens are bound to serve in the armed forces (37). Chapters 3 to 6 deal with the National Assembly, President, government and Slovak National Council respectively and were abolished and replaced by the Constitutional Law of Federation in 1968. Chapter 7 concerns National Committees (i. e. local and regional government), 8 judiciary system and 9 general and concluding provisions.


1960 Copa Libertadores
The 1960 Copa de Campeones de América was the first season of the Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores, CONMEBOL's premier club tournament. Seven association's clubs entered the first competition, with three not sending a representative. The first match of the tournament was played between Uruguayan side Peñarol and Bolivian side Jorge Wilstermann on April 19 in Montevideo, Uruguay.


1960 Copa Libertadores
During that game, Ausberto García of Jorge Wilstermann became the first player to move the ball in the tournament setting the motions for what is to become one of the most prestigious competitions in the world. Carlos Borges of Peñarol scored the first goal of the tournament, with teammate and legendary figure Alberto Spencer scoring the first hat-trick.


1960 Copa Libertadores
Peñarol would go to become the first South American club champion after defeating the Olimpia in the finals. With the subsequent results on later editions, Peñarol became the most successful club in the competition until 1973.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Background
CONMEBOL, the governing body of the sport in South America, had been formed in 1916, but for the first forty-three years of its existence, its member associations played only friendly matches against each other, with no prizes at stake. In 1958, however, José Ramos de Freitas, the confederation's president, finally set into motion a competition open to all national champions of the continent, with a trophy to be awarded to the winners. The South American Championship of Champions was the inspiration for the idea to take fruit and formation.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Background
Although all national association's champions were eligible to participate, only seven chose to do so: Bahia of Brazil, Jorge Wilstermann of Bolivia, Millonarios of Colombia, Olimpia of Paraguay, Peñarol of Uruguay, San Lorenzo of Argentina and Universidad de Chile of Chile. Peru and Venezuela did not send their respective national league champions since the tournament received general lack of interest from its associations, and Ecuador did not have a national champion to send. The first edition of the Copa de Campeones aroused no great accompaniment to the press particularly in Pacific Rim countries and in Brazil and Argentina.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Format
Each match-up was a two-team group stage. Wins were awarded two points, 1 point for a draw, and no points for a loss. The team with the most points after a home and away game advanced to the next stage. If the teams still remained tied, goal difference will become a factor. A one-game playoff would be implemented in case the teams are still tied. A draw of lots was to become the last solution to breaking a tie.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round
Due to there being an odd number of teams in the competition, Olimpia received a bye and thus reached the semi-finals without having played a match in the competition (their predetermined opponents, Universitario of Peru, withdrew so they won by walk over). The series between San Lorenzo and Bahia finished in a draw on points and the group was decided on goal difference in which the Argentines were allowed through to the semi-finals. Peñarol and Millonarios completed the semi-final line-up after convincing victories over Jorge Wilstermann and Universidad de Chile, respectively.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round
There was much publicity in Montevideo as the Bolivian champions Jorge Wilstermann arrived four days ahead of the historic, first ever match of the competition. Unlike what was happening in the five other countries of the competitors, the tournament was receiving a lot of coverage from the Uruguayan media. The President of the Bolivian Football Federation, Valera Cámara, arrived in Montevideo nine days before the game to prepare all the details for the stay of the football champion of his country.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round
He also used the occasion to promote the Campeonato Sudamericano that Bolivia was going to organize in 1961 (eventually held in 1963) and to confirm the matches Bolivia was going to play against Uruguay for the qualifiers of the 1962 FIFA World Cup to be held in Chile. Pablo Pérez Estrada, president of Jorge Wilstermann, arrived on April 13.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round
The 1972 edition of the Journal Estadio de Chile mentioned that the humiliating elimination of Universidad de Chile was attributed to the exhaustion of the team. Estadio mentions that by that time the interest of the La U executives was to take the Chilean champion for an extensive tour to Europe that was extended, on their return, with some more friendly matches in Central America. The Chilean press, highly critical by the 0–6 thrashing in Santiago, labeled Universidad de Chile as a "team of tourists" and even gave them an alluding cartoon.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Semifinals
All matches from this stage of the competition onwards resulted in draws except for two. Both semi-final matches of semifinal group A finished in a draw and thus it went into a play-off on a neutral venue. Chile was designated as the venue in which a tie-breaking playoff would be contested in case there was a tie on points. However, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake forced a change of location; Peñarol didn't accept the playoff to be held in Asunción. San Lorenzo, however, allowed the play-off to be held in the home ground of Peñarol in exchange for $100.000. José Sanfilippo later recalled:


1960 Copa Libertadores, Semifinals
With regard to the position taken by our executives on the third game played in Uruguay, Nene said, "I told them (San Lorenzo boardmembers) no! To play again in Montevideo was like going to the lion's mouth", but they didn't listen to me and they accepted the proposal. Their first goal was trout. To put it bluntly, we were screwed over. The Uruguayans thought, "If these idiots were so accepting to play in the 'Centenario', then we can not go easy on them". And then the Paraguayan referee Dimas Larrosa called everything against us all the time. Before, the 'lanyards' usually won and thanks to the bad leadership we had, we were left with nothing. The reality is that the game was given to them for a few bucks."


1960 Copa Libertadores, Semifinals
Olimpia secured the second place in the final by thumping Millonarios at the second leg.


1960 Copa Libertadores, Finals
The finals were contested between Peñarol and Olimpia over two legs, one at each participating club's stadium. The first leg took place at the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo in which the Manyas won 1–0 thanks to an Alberto Spencer goal late in the game. The second leg was played in the Estadio Manuel Ferreira in Asunción. Olimpia   was leading 1–0 for the majority of the match, but Luis Cubilla scored the equalizer with only six minutes left in the match to give Peñarol the trophy in the first edition of the competition.


1960 Copa Libertadores Finals
The 1960 Copa de Campeones Finals was a football series between Peñarol and Olimpia on June 12 and June 19 of this very year. It was the final of the first staging of the Copa de Campeones de América (known in the modern era as the Copa Libertadores), which would go on to become the premier club competition in South American football and one of the most prestigious competition in the world.


1960 Copa Libertadores Finals
Seven teams entered the competition in its first season and, due to the odd number of teams, Olimpia reached the finals having won only one match and playing merely two. Peñarol had dispatched Jorge Wilstermann and needed a playoff to overcome San Lorenzo to reach the finals with the weight of having played five matches.


1960 Copa Libertadores Finals
Alberto Spencer became the first player to score a goal in a final of this tournament. He also became the first person to score two goals on a final series. Juan Vicente Lezcano became the first player to be sent off in the finals when he was given his marching order on the first leg. The final was effectively decided by a late equalizer on the second leg, scored six minutes from full-time by Alberto Spencer, in a volatile and highly charged game in Asunción. The Manyas became the first ever winners of South America's premier club tournament.


1960 Copa Libertadores Finals, Rules
The final were played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulated the most points —two for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss— after the two legs would be crowned the champion. Should the two teams be tied on points after the second leg, the team with the best goal difference would win. If the two teams had equal goal difference, a playoff match at a neutral venue would be contested.


1960 Copa Preparación
The Copa Preparación 1960 was the 3rd edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on March 26, 1960, and concluded on May 1, 1960. Deportes La Serena won the competition for the first time, beating Santiago Wanderers 4–1 in the final.


1960 Copa Preparación
Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, an extra time took place. If at the end of these 30 minutes Extra time periods, the teams have scored an equal number of goals, a coin toss took place.


1960 Copa del Generalísimo Final
The Copa del Generalísimo 1960 Final was the 58th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 26 June 1960, being won by Club Atlético de Madrid, who beat Real Madrid 3-1.


1960 Copa del Generalísimo Juvenil
The 1960 Copa del Generalísimo Juvenil was the tenth staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 15, 1960, and ended on June 26, 1960, with the final.


1960 Coppa Italia Final
The 1960 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1959–60 Coppa Italia. The match was played on 18 September 1960 between Juventus and Fiorentina. Juventus won 3–2; it was their fourth victory.


1960 Cork City Council election
As part of the 1960 Irish local elections, all 21 seats on Cork City Council were contested on 29 June, with counting of votes beginning on 30 June and concluded in the early hours of 3 July. This was the last time the entire county borough of Cork formed a single local electoral area (LEA), with 63 single transferable vote counts necessary to process the 72 candidates. Electoral law empowered the Minister for Local Government to split county boroughs into multiple LEAs only if the council requested, which Cork City Council had not done. The Electoral Act 1963 allowed the minister to act unilaterally and, after its 1965 boundary extension, the borough was divided into 6 LEAs in time for the 1967 local elections, with the larger parties increasing their proportion of seats.


1960 Cork City Council election, Results
The first six candidates elected gained the honorific title alderman; the other 15 were "councillors". Seán McCarthy, John Bermingham and Gus Healy were also elected to Cork County Council from the Cork Rural LEA which bordered the city.


1960 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1960 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.


1960 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
On 4 September 1960, Passage won the championship following a 3–07 to 1–08 defeat of St. Vincent's in the final at Riverstick Sportsfield. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1930.


1960 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1960 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 72nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1960 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 23 October 1960, University College Cork won the championship following a 1-07 to 0-09 defeat of Avondhu in the final. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1928.


1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 72nd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 31 January 1960. The championship began on 24 April 1960 and ended on 18 September 1960.


1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 18 September 1960, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 3-8 to 1-12 defeat of University College Cork in the final. This was their 18th championship title overall and their third title in succession.


1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
University College Cork's John Joe Browne was the championship's top scorer with 2-17.


1960 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1960 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Cornell tied for last place in the Ivy League .


1960 Cornell Big Red football team
In its 14th and final season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 2–7 record and was outscored 167 to 78. Warren Sundstrom was the team captain.


1960 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell's 1–6 conference record tied for seventh place in the Ivy League. The Big Red were outscored 132 to 55 by Ivy opponents.


1960 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.


1960 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1960 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 24th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Friday, January 1. Part of the 1959–60 bowl game season, it matched the independent and top-ranked Syracuse Orangemen and #4 Texas Longhorns of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The favored Orangemen won, 23–14.


1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Syracuse
The Orangemen had just completed a perfect season for the first time in their history and were declared national champions by both major polls. They were looking for their first win in the Cotton Bowl, having lost previously three years earlier.


1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Texas
The Longhorns opened with eight wins and were co-champions of the Southwest Conference; after a late-season home loss to rival TCU, they dropped from second to fourth in the rankings. This was the first Cotton Bowl appearance for third-year head coach Darrell Royal and the first for the Longhorns in seven years.


1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
The longest touchdown pass in Cotton Bowl history happened in this game as Syracuse halfback Gerhard Schwedes threw an 87-yard pass to Ernie Davis to give the Orangemen an early lead 1:13 into the game. Davis added in a touchdown run midway through the second quarter to extend the lead to 15–0 at halftime.


1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Jack Collins caught a 69-yard pass from Bobby Lackey to narrow the lead 1:46 into the third quarter, but the conversion failed, making it only 15–6. While Texas was trying to narrow the lead, Davis intercepted a Lackey pass at the Texas 24. Three plays later Schwedes ran in for a 3-yard touchdown run to make it 23–6 after another conversion success. Lackey narrowed it to 23–14 on a touchdown run in the fourth quarter, but only 7:21 was left on the clock by then. From that point on, the two teams did not seriously threaten to score again as the game ended in a Syracuse win.


1960 County Championship
The 1960 County Championship was the 61st officially organised running of the County Championship. Yorkshire won their second successive Championship title.


1960 Coupe de France Final
The 1960 Coupe de France Final was a football match played at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 15 May 1960 that saw AS Monaco FC defeat AS Saint-Étienne 4–2 thanks to goals by Serge Roy (2), Henri Biancheri and François Ludwikowski.


1960 Craven A International
The 1960 Craven A International was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 2 October 1960. It was the second 100-mile race  for Formula Libre cars to be held at Bathurst in 1960, but unlike the Bathurst 100 held in April, the Craven A International was not a "Gold Star" race  counting towards the 1960 Australian Drivers' Championship.


1960 Craven A International
The race was won by Jack Brabham driving a Cooper T51 Coventry Climax.


1960 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
The 1960 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré was the 14th edition of the cycle race and was held from 31 May to 6 June 1960. The race started in Valence and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Jean Dotto of the Liberia team.


1960 Cupa României Final
The 1960 Cupa României Final was the 22nd final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Progresul București and Dinamo Obor București, and was won by Progresul București after a game with 2 goals. It was the first cup for Progresul București.


1960 Cupa României Final
Dinamo Obor București was the sixth club representing Divizia B which reached the Romanian Cup final.


1960 Cypriot by-elections
By-elections were held in Cyprus on 25 September 1960 to fill four vacant seats in the 50-member House of Representatives. They were the first legislative by-elections ever held in the Republic of Cyprus. One candidate was elected unopposed, with voting only needed for three seats.


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Background
Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 16 August 1960. The 1960 constitution provided for a system where the Greek and Turkish communities of the island would share power. The 50-seat House of Representatives had 35 seats elected by the Greek Community and 15 by the Turkish Community. The first parliamentary elections were held on 7 August 1960. In the Greek Community's contest, two parties, the Patriotic Front, which supported the President Makarios III, and the communist Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) formed a pact, with the Patriotic Front fielding 30 candidates and AKEL five. All of their candidates were elected. In the Turkish Community's contest, all elected representatives were members of the Cyprus Turkish National Union, which was led by the Vice-President of Cyprus Fazıl Küçük.


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Background
On 16 August 1960, four members of the House of Representatives were appointed ministers; Greek Cypriot Andreas Papadopoulos (Limassol) was appointed Minister of Communications and Works and Turkish Cypriots Osman Örek (Nicosia), Fazil Plumber (Nicosia) and Niyazi Manyera (Famagusta) were appointed Ministers of Defence, Agriculture and Health respectively. On 29 August 1960, the House of Representatives set 29 September as the date for the by-elections to fill the four vacant seats.


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots
For the Greek Community's seat in Limassol, the Patriotic Front's candidate was Daphnis Panayides, an EOKA veteran and a farmer. AKEL did not contest the seat, as it believed that it belonged to the Patriotic Front. The Pancyprian Farmers' Union (PEK) had previously supported the Patriotic Front, and 12 of the Patriotic Front's MPs came from PEK. However, PEK supported Panagiotis Orphanos, a farmer, and held a "conference of farmers from Limassol" which "decided unanimously" to  endorse Orphanou's candidacy. Achilleas Malliotis, a doctor from Limassol, also submitted his candidacy.


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots
In a statement dated 19 September PEK claimed that, after it had chosen Orphanos as its candidate, he proposed to Panayides to accept the candidacy of PEK instead, but Panayides refused. A few days later, according to PEK, Orphanos visited Panayides and Panayides reassured him he would not contest the seat, "despite pressure from the Patriotic Front." Later in its statement PEK urged everybody in Limassol to, "Work with fanaticism for the victory of PEK."


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots
Daphnis Panayides replied to PEK's statement on 21 September, stating that, after his return to Cyprus, members of PEK approached him to inform him of their "irrevocable" decision to support Panayiotis Orphanos, which they would do "regardless of whether the Patriotic Front would." Panayides then stated he had responded he would support Orphanou's candidacy "only if it was endorsed by the Patriotic Front."


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots
In a proclamation PEK implied it would end its support of the Patriotic Front, which it called, "The 'Patriotic Front'".


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots
A proposal was made to the two candidates after Achilleas Malliotis withdrew his candidacy. The proposal, made by Glafkos Clerides, Polycarpos Georkadjis and Spyros Kyprianou, provided that they withdraw from the elections and discuss their mutual support for a third candidate in the Presidential Palace. This was  rejected by PEK.


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Turkish Cypriots
In Famagusta the Cyprus Turkish National Union's candidate, Nebil Nabi Beyin, was elected unopposed.


1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Turkish Cypriots
In Nicosia the Cyprus Turkish National Union fielded two candidates, Ibrahim Orhan and Ekrem Sarper, to contest the two vacant Turkish seats. One independent candidate, Kemal Deniz, also ran.


1960 Cypriot legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Cyprus in 1960. The House of Representatives was elected on 31 July 1960. The Communal Chambers were also elected on 7 August. In the House of Representatives 35 seats were elected by Greek Cypriots and 15 by Turkish Cypriots. The result was a victory for the Patriotic Front, which won 30 of the 50 seats. In the Communal Chambers, the Patriotic Front won the majority of seats in the Greek Chamber, whilst the Cyprus Turkish National Union won all seats in the Turkish Chamber.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system
The House of Representatives consisted of 35 Greek members and 15 Turkish members, whilst the Greek Communal Chamber had 26 members and the Turkish Communal Chamber had 30.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system
The 1959 electoral law divided Cyprus into six multi-member constituencies. Voters could vote for as many candidates as there were seats in their constituency. The electoral system used was Plurality voting.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
The Democratic Union led by Themistocles Dervis and Ioannis Clerides did not participate in the elections. The Democratic Union had opposed the 1959 electoral law, claiming it favoured the Patriotic Front.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
The Patriotic Front and AKEL formed a pact for the elections, with a pre-agreed split of 30 and 5 seats respectively.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
The hastily formed Pancyprian Union of Fighters fielded four candidates, with two in Nicosia, one in Kyrenia and one in Larnaca.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
The Patriotic Front and AKEL pressured independent candidates to withdraw from the elections. As a result, the only female candidate, Kallistheni Maouni (Limassol), withdrew her candidacy.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
In Paphos, the three candidates of the Patriotic Front and one candidate of AKEL were elected unopposed.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
In the fifteen Turkish seats, eight members of the Cyprus Turkish National Union, which was led by Vice-President Fazıl Küçük, ran unopposed in Nicosia, Kyrenia and Larnaca, whilst six independent candidates ran against the Cyprus Turkish National Union’s candidates in Famagusta, Limassol and Paphos.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
The Patriotic Front and AKEL also formed an electoral pact for the Communal Chambers, with a pre-agreed split of 20 and 3 seats respectively. They reserved three seats for the Latin, Armenian and Maronite Communities, which had opted to join the Greek Community upon independence.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
For the 26 seats in the Greek Chamber 31 candidacies were submitted. In Larnaca the three candidates of the Patriotic Front and in Limassol the three candidates of the Patriotic front and one candidate of AKEL were elected unopposed. For the 30 seats of the Turkish Chamber 31 candidacies were submitted, 30 of which were members of the Cyprus Turkish National Union. The Cyprus Turkish National Union's 10, 6, 2, 4 and 4 candidates in Nicosia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca and Paphos respectively were declared elected unopposed.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
The agreement reached by the Patriotic Front and AKEL also provided that the two parties would avoid the holding of elections, and independent candidates were pressured to withdraw. In Nicosia, independent candidate Christodoulos Pipis withdrew his candidacy and the six candidates of the Patriotic Front, one candidate of AKEL, Latin candidate Anthony Pietroni and Armenian candidate Berge Tilbian (who ran as a candidate for the Patriotic Front)  were declared elected unopposed. In Paphos, on 3 August independent candidate Efthivoulos Ieropoulos withdrew his candidacy and the two candidates of the Patriotic Front and one candidate of AKEL were declared elected unopposed. In Famagusta, on 6 August (one day before the elections) independent candidate Polyvios Mavrommatis withdrew his candidacy and the four candidates of the Patriotic Front were declared elected unopposed.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
Informal elections were held to decide the candidate for the Armenian community on 5 August. The winner of these elections would run as a candidate for the Patriotic Front in Nicosia and the other candidates would withdraw their candidacies. These were won by Berge Tilbian, and Vahram Levonian withdrew his candidacy.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
In Kyrenia, independent candidate Savvas Christis refused to withdraw from the elections and ran against the three candidates of the Patriotic Front (including the Maronite candidate, Ioannis Mavrides).


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign
In the Turkish Chamber, independent candidate Beukagi Kioproulou was pressured into withdrawing his candidacy in Limassol and the four candidates of the Cyprus Turkish National Union were declared elected unopposed. Therefore, no elections were held for the Turkish Chamber and the Cyprus Turkish National Union won all 30 seats.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath
Following the elections, Glafcos Clerides was elected president of the House of Representatives and Orhan Muderisoglu was elected Vice-President, and a 12-member cabinet was formed.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath
By-elections were held shortly after the elections as four of the elected MPs, Fazil Plumber, Andreas Papadopoulos, Osman Örek and Niyazi Manyera were appointed ministers.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath
On 21 July 1961 Patriotic Front MP Lefkios Rodosthenous was removed from the House of Representatives. His seat remained vacant for the rest of his term.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath
In 1961 the Independent Turkish Group was created by eleven of the Turkish-Cypriot MPs. It was led by Orhan Muderisoglu.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath
In 1962 MP Petros Stylianou left the Patriotic Front and continued as an Independent for the remainder of his term.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath
In 1963 Turkish-Cypriot MP Shemshedin Halit Kazım died in a car accident. His seat was filled by his wife Ayla Halit Kazım. In December 1963 the Turkish Cypriots withdrew from participation in the government, leaving Parliament with only its Greek members.


1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath
On 21 April 1966 Patriotic Front MPs Titos Fanos and Georgios Tompazos were appointed ministers of agriculture and works respectively, and resigned from the House of Representatives. Their seats remained vacant for the rest of their respective terms. Another MP, Costas Christodoulides, left the Patriotic Front, and Daphnis Panayides, elected in the first by-elections, resigned from the House of Representatives in that same year. Panayides' seat also remained vacant.


1960 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 12 June 1960. Voters were presented with a single list from the National Front, dominated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). According to official figures, 99.7 percent of eligible voters turned out to vote, and 99.9 percent of those who voted approved the National Front list. Within the Front, the Communists had a large majority of 216 seats–147 for the main party and 69 for the Slovak branch.


1960 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
Non -Communist members appeared on the National Front list in order to keep up the appearance of pluralism. However, seats were allocated in accordance with a set percentage, and no party could take part in the political process without KSČ approval.


1960 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
These was the last elections held under the partly liberal democratic Ninth-of-May Constitution. A month after the elections, the new National Assembly approved a new constitution that proclaimed "socialism has won" in Czechoslovakia, and changed the country's official name to the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.


1960 DDR-Oberliga
The 1960 DDR-Oberliga was the twelfth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. It was the last season not to be played in the traditional autumn-spring format, with the Oberliga having played for six seasons from 1955 to 1960 in the calendar year format instead, modelled on the system used in the Soviet Union. From 1961–62 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.


1960 DDR-Oberliga
The league was contested by fourteen teams. National People's Army club ASK Vorwärts Berlin won the championship, the club's second of six national East German championships. On the strength of the 1960 title Vorwärts qualified for the 1961–62 European Cup where the club was knocked out by Rangers F.C. in the first round. Eighth-placed club SC Motor Jena qualified for the 1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup as the 1960 FDGB-Pokal winner and advanced to the semi-finals before being knocked out by eventual winners Atlético Madrid.


1960 DDR-Oberliga
Bernd Bauchspieß of Chemie Zeitz was the league's top scorer with 25 goals.


1960 DDR-Oberliga, Table
The 1960 season saw two newly promoted clubs, SC Aufbau Magdeburg and SC Chemie Halle.


1960 DFB-Pokal Final
The 1960 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1959–60 DFB-Pokal, the 17th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 5 October 1960 at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf. Borussia München Gladbach won the match 3–2 against Karlsruher SC, to claim their 1st cup title.


1960 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
The DFB-Pokal began with 5 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. In the qualification round, all but two teams were given a bye. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.


1960 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final
Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away; N: neutral).


1960 Dahomeyan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Republic of Dahomey on 11 December 1960. The result was a victory for the Dahomeyan Unity Party (PDU), a merger of the Dahomeyan Democratic Rally and the Dahomey Nationalist Party, which won all 60 seats. Voter turnout was 71.0%.


1960 Dahomeyan parliamentary election
The leader of the winning party would become president. As head of the PDU list, Hubert Maga was elected.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season
The 1960 Dallas Cowboys season was the inaugural season for the franchise in the National Football League (NFL). The Cowboys finished their first season with zero wins, 11 losses, and 1 tie, which placed them last in the Western Conference, and was the worst record in the NFL for that season, worse than Dallas' previous entry into the NFL, the Dallas Texans (who finished 1–11 in their lone season in 1952, then relocated to Baltimore as the Colts).


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason
The NFL had no interest in expanding, but after Lamar Hunt started an American Football League franchise (the Dallas Texans), the NFL granted a franchise to Clint Murchison, Jr., and Bedford Wynne on January 28, 1960. As a footnote to this decision, when the NFL began considering expansion to Texas, the Washington Redskins founder and owner George Preston Marshall strongly opposed the move, as he had enjoyed a monopoly in the South for three decades (apart from the one-year appearance of the Dallas Texans in 1952). Murchison bought the rights to their fight song Hail to the Redskins from a disgruntled Barnee Breeskin (the Redskins' team band leader) and threatened to prevent Marshall from playing it at games. Marshall eventually agreed to back Murchison's bid, receiving back the rights to the song.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason
The franchise hired former Los Angeles Rams executive Tex Schramm as their general manager. Tom Landry, an assistant coach with the New York Giants, was named head coach. Landry was offered the coaching job before the 1959 NFL Championship Game, with a five-year contract. The same day that Landry accepted the offer, it was reported by UPI that Landry would become coach of the AFL's Houston Oilers. Gil Brandt, who had served as a part-time scout for the Rams under Schramm, was named player personnel director. The day after the title game, Landry was announced as head coach of the proposed NFL team in Texas, a franchise that had yet to be awarded.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason
According to Schramm, the team's name was originally the "Dallas Steers", but then was changed to the "Dallas Rangers," which was the name of the minor league baseball team that was supposed to be disbanded. The franchise was admitted to the league too late to participate in the 1960 NFL college draft. However, majority owner Murchison signed two college players, quarterback Don Meredith from SMU, and running back Don Perkins from New Mexico, to personal services contracts before the draft (and before the franchise was voted into the league).


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason
The NFL honored these contracts after the franchise was voted in, although the Baltimore Colts drafted Perkins in the ninth round, and Meredith was also selected by the Chicago Bears in the third round after owner George Halas made the pick to help ensure that the expansion Cowboys got off to a solid start. The franchise was allowed to retain both players, but had to give their third-round and ninth-round choices in the 1962 NFL draft to the Bears and Colts, respectively.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason
On March 13, 1960, the franchise selected 36 players in an expansion draft. Each of the other 12 NFL teams were allowed to protect 25 players from their 36-man roster. The franchise was then were given 24 hours to select three players from those unprotected by each other team.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason
The franchise was placed in the league's Western Conference. However, since they were the league's thirteenth franchise in addition to being an expansion franchise, it was decided that they would play every team in the league once, instead of playing each team in their conference twice, as the other teams did.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason
The Cowboys' final pre-season game on September 4 was played in rural northeastern Oregon; they lost 49–14 to the Los Angeles Rams at Pendleton's rodeo grounds.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason, Transactions
Other notable transactions prior to the season included acquiring quarterback Eddie LeBaron from the Washington Redskins, offensive end Billy Howton from the Cleveland Browns, and signing former San Francisco 49ers fullback Gene Babb. During training camp the team signed quite a few players who were released by other teams. Notable signings included center Mike Connelly, a rookie who was released by the Los Angeles Rams, and veteran Don Bishop, a defensive back who was released by the Chicago Bears.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason, Name Change
The franchise used the nickname "Rangers" during its draft. But on March 19, after the baseball team owners reversed course, Murchison volunteered to rename his team to the Cowboys to avoid confusion with the American Association Dallas Rangers baseball team.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
Expectations certainly were not high for the Cowboys heading into their inaugural season, but they got off to a hopeful start, as the team took a 14–0 lead on Bobby Layne and the Pittsburgh Steelers early in their first game and led throughout before succumbing in the fourth quarter 35–28. The next week they played the eventual league champion Philadelphia Eagles to a near deadlock, losing 27–25, the difference being two blocked extra points.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
The lack of talent on the roster caught up with them as the season went on, however. Their first ever road game was against the woeful Washington Redskins, and it ended in defeat, 26–14, spoiling quarterback Eddie LeBaron's return to the city where he starred for the Redskins during the '50s. The next week the team was annihilated at home by one of the league's top teams, the Cleveland Browns, 48–7.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
The team would go on to suffer more lopsided defeats, including a 45–7 loss to the defending champion Baltimore Colts, and a 41–7 loss to the eventual Western Conference champion Green Bay Packers. Squeezed in between blowout losses was rookie quarterback Don Meredith's first start, which came against the Los Angeles Rams. Predictably, Meredith struggled in a 38–13 loss.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
The Cowboys also suffered heartbreaking losses, including a 12–10 defeat in St. Louis to the Cardinals, a game in which they led late only to lose on a field goal in the last minute, and a 26–14 defeat against the San Francisco 49ers, in which the Cowboys surrendered 17 points during the last 6 minutes of the game.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
The lone highlight of 1960 came near the end of the season, when they traveled to Yankee Stadium and tied the New York Giants 31–31, ending the Giants' hopes of winning the Eastern Conference crown for the third year in a row. New York won the next three conference titles for five in six seasons.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
The Cowboys struggled in almost every statistical category, finishing last in both points scored (177) and points allowed (369). Quarterback LeBaron and the receiving corps provided some big plays in the passing game throughout the season, but LeBaron mostly struggled behind a porous offensive line, and the quarterbacks threw a league-high 33 interceptions. Rookie halfback Perkins was lost prior to the season after breaking a bone in his foot, and the Cowboys rushing attack suffered all season long, finishing last in the league in rushing at 1049 yards, and averaging a paltry 3.4 yards per carry.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
Defensively the team was gashed by opposing running games all season long, giving up 2242 yards rushing and allowing 5.0 yards per carry, both last in the league. The team's pass defense had its moments, particularly in games against the Chicago Bears and St. Louis Cardinals, but gave up too many big plays and did not provide much of a pass rush.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap
The kicking game proved to be average, and the kick returners were among the worst in the league, despite an ample number of opportunities (a league high 69 kick returns).


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Publications
The Football Encyclopedia ISBN 0-312-11435-4Total Football ISBN 0-06-270170- 3Cowboys Have Always Been My Heroes ISBN 0-446-51950-2


1960 Dallas Texans season
The 1960 Dallas Texans season was the inaugural season of Lamar Hunt's American Football League franchise from Dallas, Texas. Head coach Hank Stram led the team to an 8–6 record and second place in the AFL's Western Conference.


1960 Dallas Texans season
For the Texans' inaugural season, team owner Lamar Hunt pursued both legendary University of Oklahoma coach Bud Wilkinson and New York Giants defensive assistant Tom Landry to lead his Texans franchise. Wilkinson opted to stay at Oklahoma, while Landry was destined to coach the NFL's expansion franchise in Dallas. Hunt settled on a relatively unknown assistant coach from the University of Miami, Hank Stram. "One of the biggest reasons I hired Hank was that he really wanted the job", Hunt explained. "It turned out to be a very lucky selection on my part."


1960 Dallas Texans season
The Texans set up offices in the Mercantile National Bank Building, while Jerry Foss headquartered the AFL offices out of Dallas, as well. Reserved seats were USD $4, general admission USD $2, and high school students paid USD $.90 that initial season. Don Rossi served as the team's General Manager until November when he was succeeded by Jack Steadman.


1960 Dallas Texans season
The Texans conducted their inaugural training camp at the New Mexico Military Institute in Roswell, New Mexico. The club embarked on a whirlwind pre-season barnstorming tour that featured road games in Oakland, Tulsa, Boston, Abilene, and Little Rock. An announced crowd of 51,000 at the Cotton Bowl witnessed a 24–3 victory against Houston on September 2 as the club concluded a perfect 6–0 preseason record.


1960 Dallas Texans season
The Texans had a strong home-state identity with quarterback Cotton Davidson from Baylor, linebacker Sherrill Headrick from TCU, and running back Abner Haynes from North Texas. Haynes led the league with 875 rushing yards and nine TDs, as well as combined net yards (2,100) and punt return average (15.4).


1960 Dallas Texans season
The Texans also had a flashy, high-scoring club that finished the year at 8–6 as three close losses kept the squad from challenging for the division title. The Texans averaged 24,500 for their home games, the highest average in the league.


1960 Dallas Texans season, 1960 AFL Draft
In the inaugural American Football League Draft, the Texans chose the following players to fill-up their squad:


1960 Dallas Texans season, Regular season
The Texans finished their inaugural season 8–6, with three wins coming by shut-out.


1960 Dallas Texans season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Dallas Texans season, Postseason
The Texans did not participate in the AFL Championship by finishing the season in second place of the Western Conference.


1960 Danish 1st Division, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and Aarhus Gymnastikforening won the championship.


1960 Danish football air crash
On 16 July 1960, after taking off from Copenhagen Airport at 15.38 local time, a de Havilland Dragon Rapide plane, (registration OY-DZY) chartered to the Danish Football Association, crashed into the Øresund about 50 metres from shore after the pilot lost control of the aircraft in severe weather. All eight passengers died; the pilot survived but required a leg to be amputated.


1960 Danish football air crash, Footballers
The plane was carrying eight association football players to Herning Airport for a final trial match at Herning stadium to select the Danish squad for the 1960 Olympic tournament. Three of the eight had been provisionally selected for the squad; the rest were B-team and youth internationals with a last chance to impress the selectors.


1960 Danish football air crash, Footballers
Two fishermen found pilot Stig Vindeløv alive in the wreckage, along with Per Funch Jensen, who died en route to hospital.


1960 Danish football air crash, Second aircraft
A smaller plane waiting for clearance to take off when the accident occurred was due to carry four other players to the same match: Erik Dyreborg, Hans Christian Andersen, Bent Jørgensen, and Bjarne Eklund. These were all youth players. Dyreborg was demoted from the first plane to make room for a kit basket.


1960 Danish football air crash, Olympics
After the accident, the Danish FA considered withdrawing from the Olympic tournament. In the event, they won the silver medal, losing to Yugoslavia in the final.


1960 Danish general election
General elections were held in Denmark on 15 November 1960. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 76 of the 179 seats. Voter turnout was 85.8% in Denmark proper, 57.1% in the Faroe Islands and 65.8% in Greenland. They were the last elections in which the electoral threshold for the Danish seats was 60,000 votes. The following year the electoral law was amended to make it 2% of the vote.


1960 Dartmouth Indians football team
The 1960 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Dartmouth tied for third in the Ivy League.


1960 Dartmouth Indians football team
In their sixth season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Indians compiled a 5–4 record and outscored opponents 98 to 66. Kenneth DeHaven was the team captain.


1960 Dartmouth Indians football team
The Indians' 4–3 conference record tied for third-best in the Ivy League standings. They outscored Ivy opponents 83 to 51.


1960 Dartmouth Indians football team
Dartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1960 Davis Cup
The 1960 Davis Cup was the 49th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 28 teams entered the Europe Zone, 6 teams entered the America Zone, and 6 teams entered the Eastern Zone. South Korea made its first appearance in the tournament.


1960 Davis Cup
The United States defeated Venezuela in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, the Philippines defeated India in the Eastern Zone final, and Italy defeated Sweden in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated the Philippines in the semifinal, and then Italy defeated the United States in the final. In the Challenge Round Italy were defeated by the defending champions Australia. The final was played at White City Stadium in Sydney on 26–28 December. It was Italy's first appearance in a Davis Cup final, and it was the first final not to feature the United States since 1936.


1960 Davis Cup America Zone
The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1960 Davis Cup.


1960 Davis Cup America Zone
6 teams entered the America Zone, with 3 teams each competing in the North & Central America Zone and South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Zone to compete against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.


1960 Davis Cup America Zone
The United States defeated Mexico in the North & Central America Zone final, and Venezuela defeated New Zealand in the South America Zone final. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, the United States defeated Venezuela and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1960 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1960 Davis Cup.


1960 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
6 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. The Philippines defeated India in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1960 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1960 Davis Cup.


1960 Davis Cup Europe Zone
28 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Sweden in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.


1960 Daytona 500
The 1960 Daytona 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series stock car race that was held on February 14, 1960, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. It was the 5th race of the 1960 season, and was won by Junior Johnson in a 1959 Chevrolet.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary
The 200 lap race started with Cotton Owens on the pole and Jack Smith joining him on the front row. Junior Johnson won the four hour race driving a 59 Chevy owned by John Masoni. A crowd of 38,775 watched as Johnson drove the number 27 to victory after starting in the 9th position.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary
Bud Burdick, Pappy Crane, Dick Foley, Dick Freeman, Tommy Herbert, Dave Hirschfield, Bob Kosiski, Shep Langdon and Bill Lutz would retire from NASCAR after this event.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race
In late January 1960, the CBS network sent anchorman Bud Palmer and 50 other employees to Daytona to cover the events in the first-ever televised coverage of a NASCAR event. CBS announced that their CBS Sports Spectacular show would televise a couple compact car races and the Grand National Pole Position races at Daytona on January 31st. On February 13th a Modified-Sportsman race took place. NASCAR officials lined up 73 cars to take the green flag. Less than a minute and a half after the green flag flew, mayhem ensued when Dick Foley's Chevy got out of shape.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race
While Foley was able to gather control of his car, and finish the race in tenth place, 37 other vehicles behind him crashed while attempting to avoid the confusion. Twelve cars flipped, and a total of 24 drivers were unable to continue the race. Five ambulances responded to transport 8 drivers to local hospitals. Four drivers were released that day, and four drivers were held overnight. Notable drivers Ralph Earnhardt, Wendell Scott, and Speedy Thompson were among those forced out of the race. Driver Speedy Thompson was quoted as saying


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race
It was the worst accident I've ever seen. It's just a miracle that no-one got hurt any worse than they did


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race
It took cleaning crews and tow trucks only 39 minutes to clear the track for the restart. Marion "Bubba" Farr went on to win the record setting crash fest. He drove a 1956 Ford modified with a 1958 Lincoln engine and 6 carburetors, and finished with an average speed of 116 mph (187 km/h).


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races
Fireball Roberts won the first 100-mile (160 km) qualifying race, and Jack Smith won the second on the 2.5-mile (4.0 km) track. Roberts grabbed his victory on the paved oval completing the 40 laps in 45 minutes, with two cautions in a 1960 Pontiac. Roberts started second beside Cotton Owens who won the pole with a speed of 149 mph (240 km/h). Owens finished second, and Fred Lorenzen rounded out the top 3 with 2 cautions for 5 laps.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races
The first caution came on lap 1 when Gene White, Dave Hirschfield, and Tommy Irwin all got together coming out of turn two. Irwin and his Ford Thunderbird took a trip into lake Lloyd located in the infield, and Irwin had to swim to safety as the car was nearly submerged. By the time the yellow flag had been displayed, Roberts had already advanced to the front of the pack, and would never relinquish the lead. The win would give Roberts his 22nd NASCAR victory.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races
Smith and his 1960 Pontiac captured the victory from the pole with a qualifying speed of 148 mph (238 km/h), and completed the second race in just over 40 minutes with an average speed of 146.5 mph (235.8 km/h). There were 2 cautions; and Bobby Johns finished second with Jim Reed grabbing the third spot. The first single lap caution came when John Rosteck spun on lap six, and the second caution, also a one lap slow down, came when Johnny Dodd Jr. crashed into the wall on lap 15.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races
The dubious distinction of bringing out the first ever black flag fell to Herman "Turtle" Beam on lap 8 when officials noticed that Beam was running without his safety helmet, which he had forgotten on the starting grid. Smith set a record for the time by winning with the combination of his speed, and the minimal caution laps. The win was Smith's second of the year, and 12,500 people looked on as he and Roberts grabbed the two top spots in the qualifying races.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Race
Race day was a brisk day with a high of 61 °F (16 °C), with steady winds at 31 miles per hour (50 km/h), strong gusts, and no rain. The high winds, combined with the high speeds resulted in 32 laps being run under caution, and multiple crashes. Tommy Herbert suffered a broken arm and severe eye injury when his T-bird flipped and blew apart when he crashed into the wall on the back straightaway on lap 118. The engine went one direction, the car another, and the front end assembly took flight up to 75 feet in the air.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Race
Driving through the wreckage, Pappy Crane spun, then rolled his Chevy, but was not hurt. Also included in the attrition was George Green whose car burst into flame forcing him to leap from the car to safety, and Tom Pistone who lost control with 2 laps remaining and hit the turn 4 wall. Junior Johnson took the lead with nine laps remaining when Bobby Johns spun, and Johnson went on to win the race. Johns had grabbed the lead on lap 172, but the winds pulled his back window out, and he lost control. The win was Johnson's first victory of the season.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Race
The 1960 race was is remembered as being the slowest Daytona 500 race in history, as Johnson averaged just 124 mph (200 km/h) over the 500 miles (800 km).


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Legacy
There were so many cars destroyed or damaged during the 500 that NASCAR officials felt compelled to cancel a couple races that were scheduled for the following weekend. Palmetto Speedway and Hollywood Speedway both lost their scheduled 100-mile (160 km) events due to the carnage at Daytona.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Legacy
Race winner Junior Johnson went on to achieve multiple accolades in the following years; including being inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1990 and being selected as one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998. On February 4, 2010, NASCAR announced that Johnson would be Grand Marshal for the 50th anniversary of his 1960 victory.


1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Legacy
Part of Johnson's duties as Grand Marshal would be to utter the immortal words "Gentleman, start your engines" at the 52nd running of the Daytona 500 on February 14, 2010.


1960 Daytona 500, Official results
The race lasted 4:00:30, with an average speed of 124.74 mph (200.75 km/h).


1960 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1960 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware in the Middle Atlantic Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its tenth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 3-5-1 record (2-3 against MAC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 122 to 114. Mickey Heinecken was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.


1960 Delaware State Hornets football team
The 1960 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College—now known as Delaware State University—as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Led by coach Roy D. Moore in his first season, the Hornets compiled a 4–4 record, outscoring their opponents 134 to 80.


1960 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1960 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960.


1960 Delaware gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor J. Caleb Boggs was term-limited, having served two consecutive terms. Boggs instead ran for the U.S. Senate.


1960 Delaware gubernatorial election
Democratic nominee Elbert N. Carvel defeated Republican nominee John W. Rollins with 51.73% of the vote.


1960 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination
The Republican convention was held on August 31 and September 1.


1960 Democratic National Convention
The 1960 Democratic National Convention was held in Los Angeles, California, on July 11–15, 1960. It nominated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts for president and Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas for vice president.


1960 Democratic National Convention
In the general election that November, the Kennedy–Johnson ticket won an electoral college victory and a narrow popular vote plurality (slightly over 110,000 nationally) over the Republican candidates Vice President Richard M. Nixon and UN Ambassador Henry C. Lodge II.


1960 Democratic National Convention
Due to its size, the Biltmore Hotel was selected to serve as the headquarters hotel for the Democratic National Committee. It also housed command-posts for the campaigns of the various candidates seeking the nomination, temporary studio spaces for the television networks, and workspaces for select print journalists.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue
The major candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination were Kennedy, Governor Pat Brown of California, Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon, and Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota. Several other candidates sought support in their home state or region as "favorite son" candidates without any realistic chance of winning the nomination. Symington, Stevenson, and Johnson all declined to campaign in the presidential primaries. While this reduced their potential delegate count going into the Democratic National Convention, each of these three candidates hoped that the other leading contenders would stumble in the primaries, thus causing the convention's delegates to choose him as a "compromise" candidate acceptable to all factions of the party.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue
Kennedy was initially dogged by suggestions from some Democratic Party elders (such as former President Harry S. Truman, who was supporting Symington) that he was too youthful and inexperienced to be president; these critics suggested that he should agree to be the running mate for another Democrat. Realizing that this was a strategy touted by his opponents to keep the public from taking him seriously, Kennedy stated frankly, "I'm not running for vice-president, I'm running for president."


1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue
The next step was the primaries. Kennedy's Roman Catholic religion was an issue. Kennedy first challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey in the Wisconsin primary and defeated him. Kennedy's sisters, brothers, and wife Jacqueline combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he "felt like an independent merchant competing against a chain store." However, some political experts argued that Kennedy's margin of victory had come almost entirely from Catholic areas, and thus Humphrey decided to continue the contest in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue
The first televised debate of 1960 was held in West Virginia, and Kennedy outperformed Humphrey. Humphrey's campaign was low on funds and could not compete for advertising and other "get-out-the-vote" drives with Kennedy's well-financed and well-organized campaign. In the end, Kennedy defeated Humphrey with over 60% of the vote, and Humphrey ended his presidential campaign. West Virginia showed that Kennedy, a Catholic, could win in a heavily Protestant state. Although Kennedy had only competed in nine presidential primaries, Kennedy's rivals, Johnson and Symington, failed to campaign in any primaries.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue
Even though Stevenson had twice been the Democratic Party's presidential candidate and retained a loyal following of liberals,  especially in California, his two landslide defeats to Republican Dwight Eisenhower led most party leaders and delegates to search for a "fresh face" who could win a national election. Following the primaries, Kennedy traveled around the nation speaking to state delegations and their leaders. As the Democratic Convention opened, Kennedy was far in the lead, but was still seen as being just short of the delegate total he needed to win.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue
In the week before the convention opened, Kennedy received two new challengers when Lyndon B. Johnson, the powerful Senate Majority Leader from Texas, and Adlai Stevenson II, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, announced their candidacies. Johnson challenged Kennedy to a televised debate before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations; Kennedy accepted. Most observers felt that Kennedy won the debate, and Johnson was not able to expand his delegate support beyond the South.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue
Two Johnson supporters, including John B. Connally, brought up the question of Kennedy's health. Connally said that Kennedy had Addison's disease. JFK press secretary Pierre Salinger of California denied the story. A Kennedy physician, Janet Travell, released a statement that the senator's adrenal glands were functioning adequately and that he was no more susceptible to infection than anyone else. It was also denied that Kennedy was on cortisone.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Platform
The Democratic platform in 1960 was the longest yet. They called for a loosening of tight economic policy: "We Democrats believe that the economy can and must grow at an average rate of 5 percent annually, almost twice as fast as our annual rate since 1953... As the first step in speeding economic growth, a Democratic president will put an end to the present high-interest-rate, tight-money policy." Other planks included national defense, disarmament, civil rights, immigration, foreign aid, the economy, labor and tax reform. Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina attempted to soften the party's plank on civil rights. A speech by Hawaii delegate Patsy Mink persuaded two-thirds of the party to keep their progressive stance on the issue.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination
On July 13, 1960, the third day of the convention, Kennedy gained a narrow majority on the first ballot, with campaign manager Robert F. Kennedy securing critical delegates at the last minute. The final tally was:


1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination
Kennedy was the first senator since 1920 to be nominated for the presidency by either the Democrats or the Republicans. On the last day of the convention, Kennedy delivered his acceptance speech from the adjacent Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In the speech he spoke about how Americans may be hesitant about him because of his faith. In his speech he said, "I am fully aware of the fact that the Democratic party, by nominating someone of my faith, has taken on what many regard as a new and hazardous risk."


1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination
He went on to break down the hesitance some may have about his Catholic faith, "And you have, at the same time, placed your confidence in me, and my ability to render a free, fair, judgment...and to reject any kind of religious pressure or obligation that might directly or indirectly interfere with my conduct of the Presidency in the national interest."


1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination
Kennedy's acceptance speech also outlined his vision of  "a New Frontier" which he contrasted with Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, being "a set of challenges" rather than "a set of promises". He stated the idea summed up "not what I intend to offer the American people, but what I intend to ask of them."


1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination
Theodore H. White wrote in The Making of the President 1960 that in Washington DC Richard Nixon decided to watch Kennedy making his speech with two members of his own campaign. Nixon concluded that Kennedy's performance was poor and that he could defeat him in proposed televised debates.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
After Kennedy secured the Democratic nomination, he asked Johnson to be his running mate, a move that surprised many, and for several decades, there was much debate about why it was offered to Johnson and why he had accepted. Some speculated that it was a courtesy move for Johnson, who was the Senate Majority Leader, and that Kennedy was surprised when Johnson accepted; Kennedy had preferred Stuart Symington of Missouri or Henry "Scoop" Jackson of Washington as his running mate.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
A related story is that after Johnson accepted the offer, Robert Kennedy went to Johnson's hotel suite to dissuade Johnson from becoming the vice-presidential nominee. Johnson was offended that "JFK's kid brother" would brashly urge him to stay off the ticket. In response to his blunt confrontation with Robert Kennedy, Johnson called JFK to confirm that the vice-presidential nomination was his, which JFK confirmed. Milton DeWitt Brinson, a North Carolina delegate, asked Senator Sam Ervin to get down on his knees and beg Johnson if need be to convince him to take the nomination. The record shows that the North Carolina delegation was instrumental in his decision to run. Johnson and Robert Kennedy became so embittered and the episode marked the beginning of the personal and political feud that would have grave implications for the Democratic Party in the 1960s.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
In 1993, Evelyn Lincoln, JFK's personal secretary (both before and during his presidency), described how the decision was made in a videotaped interview. She said she was the only witness to a private meeting between John and Robert Kennedy in a suite at the Biltmore Hotel where they made the decision.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
She said she went in and out of the room as they spoke and, when she was in the room, she heard them say that Johnson had tried to blackmail JFK into offering him the vice presidential nomination with evidence of his womanizing provided by FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, discuss possible ways to avoid making the offer, and conclude JFK had no choice. This portion of the videotape of Lincoln's interview was included in The History Channel's documentary series The Men Who Killed Kennedy, in concluding Episode 9, "The Guilty Men", produced and aired in 2003.


1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination
Kennedy announced Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon of July 14. Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening. The Chicago Tribune reported that there were shouts of protest from the galleries against the motion to suspend the rules to nominate Johnson, and again when he was acclaimed. Johnson is recorded as receiving 100% of the vote.


1960 Democratic National Convention, In culture
The convention was the setting for Norman Mailer's famous profile of Kennedy, "Superman Comes to the Supermarket", published in Esquire.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From March 8 to June 7, 1960, voters of the Democratic Party elected some of the delegates to the 1960 Democratic National Convention. The presidential primaries were inconclusive, as several of the leading contenders did not enter them, but U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy emerged as the strongest candidate and secured the nomination at the Convention, held from July 11 to 15 in Los Angeles.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race
Recalling the experience of 1928 Catholic Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith, many wondered if anti-Catholic prejudice would affect Kennedy's chances of winning the nomination and the election in November. To prove his vote-getting ability, Kennedy challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey, a liberal, in the Wisconsin primary. Although Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin, the fact that his margin of victory came mostly from heavily Catholic areas left many party bosses unconvinced of Kennedy's appeal to non-Catholic voters. Kennedy next faced Humphrey in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia, where anti-Catholic bigotry was said to be widespread.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race
Humphrey's campaign was low on money and could not compete with the well-organized, well-financed Kennedy team. Kennedy's attractive sisters and brothers combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he "felt like an independent merchant running against a chain store." On primary day, Kennedy crushed Humphrey with over 60% of the vote. Humphrey withdrew from the race and Kennedy had gained the victory he needed to prove to the party's bosses that a Catholic could win in a non-Catholic state. In the months leading up to the Democratic Convention, Kennedy traveled around the nation persuading delegates from various states to support him. However, as the Convention opened, Kennedy was still a few dozen votes short of victory.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race
Although Kennedy won primaries by comfortable margin, his main opponent, Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who did not participate in primaries, had a very strong base in party establishment and gained many delegates. Johnson did not join any primary, but was a write-in.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates
The following political leaders were candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination:


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates
These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates, Bypassing primaries
The following candidates did not place their name directly on the ballot for any state's presidential primary, but may have sought to influence to selection of un-elected delegates or sought the support of uncommitted delegates.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Favorite sons
The following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Declined to run
The following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Debates, Humphrey-Kennedy debate
On May 4, 1960, Humphrey and Kennedy took part in a televised one-on-one debate at WCHS-TV in Charleston, West Virginia, ahead of the state's primary.


1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Convention, Vice-presidential nomination
Kennedy announced Lyndon B. Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon following his nomination. Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening.


1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
The selection of the Democratic Party's vice presidential candidate for the 1960 United States presidential election occurred at the party's national convention on August 13, 1960. After winning the presidential nomination on the first ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy turned his attention to picking a running mate. Kennedy chose Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who had finished second on the presidential ballot, as his running mate. Johnson, a Protestant Texan, provided geographical and religious balance to a ticket led by a Catholic Northeasterner, but many liberals did not like the pick.


1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
Many were surprised both that Kennedy made the offer and that Johnson accepted the offer, as the two had been rivals for the 1960 presidential nomination. According to some accounts, Kennedy had offered the position to Johnson as a courtesy and expected Johnson to decline the offer; when Johnson accepted, Kennedy sent his brother, Robert F. Kennedy, to talk Johnson out of accepting the offer.


1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
However, Kennedy may have made the offer in earnest due to Johnson's appeal in the south, Johnson's friendly relationship with Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn, and Kennedy's desire to remove Johnson as Senate Majority Leader in favor of the more liberal Mike Mansfield. Regardless, Johnson decided that accepting the offer would be better for his political career and better position himself to become president, and so he chose to become Kennedy's running mate. The Democratic convention confirmed Johnson as the vice presidential nominee, although the delegation from Washington, D.C. attempted to select Minnesota Governor Orville Freeman instead.


1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
The Kennedy-Johnson ticket narrowly defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon and his running mate, former Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, in the 1960 election. Johnson ascended to the presidency in 1963 upon the assassination of Kennedy.


1960 Denver Broncos season
The 1960 Denver Broncos season was the team's inaugural year in the American Football League. Led by head coach Frank Filchock, the Broncos recorded four wins, nine losses, and one tie, finishing last in the AFL's Western Division.


1960 Denver Broncos season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1960 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach John Roning, the team compiled a 3–7 record (1–6 against Skyline opponents), tied for last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 300 to 133.


1960 Denver Pioneers football team
In January 1961, the University of Denver announced the cancellation of its football program. The program was operating at a net loss of $100,000 per year, and home attendance had dropped significantly.


1960 Detroit Lions season
The 1960 Detroit Lions season was the 27th in the Motor City, and 31st season overall in franchise history. The Lions had only one win entering November, but had only one loss in their final seven games and finished at 7–5, one game short of the Western Conference championship (won by Green Bay). However, the Lions won the inaugural third place Playoff Bowl over the Cleveland Browns at the Orange Bowl in Miami.


1960 Detroit Lions season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1960 Detroit Lions season, Playoff Bowl
The first Playoff Bowl game for third place was played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, the week following the NFL Championship game.


1960 Detroit Tigers season
The 1960 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Tigers' sixth-place finish in the American League with a 71–83 record, 26 games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees.


1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1960 Detroit Titans football team
The 1960 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Detroit outscored its opponents by a combined total of 181 to 136 and finished with a 7–2 record in its second year under head coach Jim Miller.


1960 Detroit Titans football team
After losing the season opener to Iowa State, the Titans won seven games in a row, including victories over Cincinnati (14-0), Boston College (19-17), Marquette (32-12), and Villanova (13-7). The season ended with a 43-15 loss to Michigan State in East Lansing.


1960 Detroit Titans football team
The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Gross with 886 passing yards and 343 rushing yards, Steve Stonebreaker with 416 receiving yards, and Ted Karpowicz with 30 points scored.


1960 Detroit Titans football team
Four players from the 1960 team, Steve Stonebreaker, Larry Vargo, Jim Shorter, and Frank Jackunas went on to play in the National Football League (NFL). In 2001, the 1960 Titans football team was inducted as a group into the Detroit Titans Hall of Fame.


1960 Dominican Republic Census
The Fourth National Census of Population of the Dominican Republic was raised on 7 August 1960, during the presidency of Joaquín Balaguer, after a decree issued by his predecessor Héctor Trujillo.


1960 Dominican Republic Census
This census collected information respect on sex, occupation, age, fertility, race, religion, marital status, nationality, literacy, ability to vote, and housing.


1960 Drexel Dragons football team
The 1960 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Jack Hinkle was the team's head coach.


1960 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1960 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Led by eighth-year head coach William D. Murray, the  Blue Devils were Atlantic Coast Conference champions, and won the Cotton Bowl by a point over favored Arkansas.


1960 Duke Blue Devils football team
It was Duke's sixth and most recent major bowl appearance, and its only trip to the Cotton Bowl. The program's next bowl was nearly three decades away, in 1989, and the next bowl win came in 2015.


1960 Dutch Grand Prix
The 1960 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on 6 June 1960. It was race 4 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 3 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.


1960 Dutch Grand Prix
Due to a crash by Dan Gurney, a spectator, who was in a prohibited area, was killed during this event.


1960 Dutch Grand Prix
This race marked the Formula One debut of future World Champion Jim Clark.


1960 Dutch TT
The 1960 Dutch TT was the third round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 25 June 1960 at the Circuit van Drenthe, Assen.


1960 Dwars door België
The 1960 Dwars door België was the 16th edition of the Dwars door Vlaanderen cycle race and was held on 26–27 March 1960. The race started and finished in Waregem. The race was won by Arthur Decabooter.


1960 East Carolina Pirates football team
The 1960 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1960 NAIA football season. In their ninth season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 7–3 record.


1960 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team
The 1960 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 0–8–1 record (0–5–1 against IIAC opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 230 to 38. The team played Illinois State to a 14–14 tie. Alfred E. Iverson was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Bill Yanis with 388 yards of total offense and the same measure in receiving yards, George Beaudette with 339 passing yards, and Jim Dills with 231 rushing yards. Leonard Natkowski received the team's most valuable player award.


1960 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team
The 1960 season was part of a 29-game winless streak that spanned from 1959 to 1962. The 1960 Eastern Michigan team had 35 fumbles. It also set an Eastern Michigan record (which still stands) for the fewest net yards of total offense – 554 (an average of 61.5 yards per game). The season reached a low point on October 29, 1960, with a 66-8 loss against the Southern Illinois Salukis, a game in which the Salukis scored two touchdowns in the first 23 seconds of the game.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election
The Ebbw Vale by-election on 17 November 1960 was a by-election for a single seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Caused by the death of Labour Party Deputy Leader Aneurin Bevan, the constituency was very safely held by Labour and never in significant danger of changing hands. The selection of Michael Foot, a prominent left-winger out of sympathy with the party leadership on nuclear disarmament and other issues, led to a lively campaign. Foot's handy win was seen as causing problems for party leader Hugh Gaitskell.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Bevan's illness and death
Aneurin Bevan had represented Ebbw Vale since the 1929 general election, and had been a very high-profile politician almost throughout. His health was poor in the late 1950s; Bevan had a major abdominal operation in December 1959. Unknown to the general public was that the reason for his operation was that Bevan had been diagnosed with cancer. It was hoped that Bevan would be able to recover, and at the end of March 1960 Bevan told the press he intended to have a prolonged holiday but then resume active politics. Bevan's cancer proved terminal; on 2 July he was reported as critically ill, and he died "peacefully in his sleep" on 6 July.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Bevan's illness and death
At the 1959 general election, the result in Ebbw Vale had been:


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour
With such a large Labour majority, there was a great deal of attention on the selection of a Labour candidate for the by-election. The procedure did not begin until the end of the summer but on 24 August it was reported that two nominations had been received by the Constituency Labour Party. They were from Ron Evans (a steelworker, Bevan's former agent and a Monmouthshire County Councillor), and from Gordon Parry, a schoolteacher and Pembrokeshire County Councillor.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour
On 29 August the branch of the Iron and Steel Trades Confederation at Richard Thomas and Baldwins steelworks nominated Michael Foot, who had been a prominent left-wing Labour MP for Plymouth Devonport from 1945 to 1955 and the influential editor of unofficial Labour journal Tribune since losing his seat. Foot had been one of Bevan's close friends and strongest supporters; for Foot, it was a cause of pride that he could follow Bevan. Foot also had a following among the local party members.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour
Foot's main rival for the nomination was Alderman Frank Whatley, who was nominated by the local branch of the National Union of Mineworkers on 29 August. Three further nominees were identified the following day: Dengar Evans (a 49-year-old chemist from Trethomas), Thomas Williams (barrister and former Member of Parliament for Hammersmith South and Barons Court) and George Viner (a journalist from Cardiff). Dr Kamalakant G. Pendse, president of the Socialist Medical Association for South Wales, was the ninth candidate to be nominated, and two more had appeared by the time nominations closed on 5 September: Glyn Lewis, a steelworkers' union official, and Denis Howell, former MP for Birmingham All Saints.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour
A shortlist of five was agreed by the Executive Committee of Ebbw Vale Divisional Labour Party on 8 September: Fred Evans (a headmaster and President of Caerphilly Labour Party), Ron Evans, Gordon Parry, Dr K. G. Pendse, and Thomas Williams. The absence of both Michael Foot and Frank Whatley caused an uproar both among Foot's supporters and the miners who were supporting Whatley, and their supporters checked the rule books to see how the shortlist could be changed.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour
At a meeting of the General Management Committee of the local party on 17 September, there was a motion of no confidence in the Executive; the party chairman Ivor Parton suggested a simpler way out which was to add both Foot and Whatley to the shortlist as proposed. His suggestion was accepted unanimously. The selection contest followed on 25 September; Foot lead clearly from the first ballot:


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour
Thomas Williams, Fred Evans and Dr Pendse were eliminated. On the second ballot Whatley was bottom and was eliminated; the miners, without their own candidate, did not unite around any single one of the remaining candidates. On the third ballot the result was:


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour
The announcement of Foot's selection victory was greeted by the singing of "The Red Flag". Immediately after the result, Ron Evans congratulated Foot on his victory and offered to act as Foot's agent just as he had for Bevan; the offer was accepted. Foot's biographer notes that Evans remained Foot's strongest supporter in the constituency until his death.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Conservatives
The Conservative Party confirmed very early on that it would definitely field a candidate.


1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Conservatives
Five names were submitted to the Ebbw Vale Conservative Association for interview in the first week of September: Anthony Arnold (aged 31) had fought two previous Parliamentary elections and worked in the insurance industry; Humphrey Crum Ewing (aged 36) was a company secretary who had fought Swansea East in 1959; Paul Dean (aged 36) was head of the home affairs section of the Conservative Research Department; Ronald Maddocks (aged 50) was a barrister based in Swansea; and Sir Brandon Rhys-Williams (aged 33) worked for I.C.I. as a commercial assistant. On 12 September, the executive committee of Ebbw Vale Conservative Association decided to submit Rhys-Williams to the membership for adoption as their candidate.