1949 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, Draw, Top half, Section 2
The nationalities of Mrs FG Downing, Mrs EM Frost and Mrs M Guthrie are unknown.


1949 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles
Louise Brough successfully defended her title, defeating Margaret duPont in the final, 10–8, 1–6, 10–8 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1949 Wimbledon Championships.


1949 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1949 Winter Deaflympics
The 1949 Winter Deaflympics (German: Winter-Deaflympics 1949) officially known as the I International Winter Games for the Deaf (German: I Internationale Winterspiele für Gehörlose) is an international multi-sport event that was held from 26 January 1949 to 30 January 1949. This event was hosted by Austria.


1949 Winter Deaflympics, History
This event was introduced as a result of the success of the Summer Deaflympics which was introduced in 1924.


1949 Winter Deaflympics, History
The event held just after the end of World War II and the Games held coinciding the 1949 Summer Deaflympics.


1949 Winter Deaflympics, History
Only 5 Nations participated at the inaugural Winter Deaflympics including the host nation Austria. The other nations were Finland, Czechoslovakia, Sweden and Switzerland. Alpine skiing and Cross-country skiing were the only sports being introduced at the competition.


1949 Winter Deaflympics, History
Women were not allowed to participate at the inaugural Winter Deaflympics.


1949 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 1949 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season.


1949 Wisła Kraków season
The 1949 season was Wisła Kraków's 41st year as a club. Wisła was under the name of Gwardia-Wisła Kraków.


1949 Women's British Open Squash Championship
The 1949 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 10–16 January 1949. Joan Curry won her third title defeating Janet Morgan in the final.


1949 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds
Janet Morgan  Betty Hilton  Margaret Carlisle  Margot Harris  Myriam De Borman  Betty Cooke


1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the first edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Prague, Czechoslovakia from 10 to 18 September 1949.


1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format
The tournament was played in a single round-robin format, with all teams placed in a single group.


1949 Women's Western Open
The 1949 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at the Oklahoma City Golf & Country Club, which was the 20th edition of the event. Louise Suggs won the championship in match play competition by defeating Betty Jameson in the final match, 5 and 4.


1949 World Archery Championships
The 1949 World Archery Championships was the 13th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Paris, France in August 1949 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).


1949 World Federalist California Resolution
The 1949 World Federalist California Resolution was a measure passed by the California legislature that called on the United States Congress to amend the United States Constitution to allow for U.S. participation in a federal world government. It was introduced at the request of United World Federalists leaders Alan Cranston and Bob Walker.


1949 World Fencing Championships
The 1949 World Fencing Championships were held in Cairo, Egypt.


1949 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which amateur figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.


1949 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1949 championships took place from February 16 to 18 in Paris, France. At the men's event, the favorite, Dick Button won. At the women's event, however, the favorite, Eva Pawlik of Austria, who had been the Olympic runner-up behind Barbara Ann Scott one year before and who had just won the European title in 1949, dropped out because of a broken boot heel just before the free program. which provided Alena Vrzáňová of Czechoslovakia with the opportunity to win the gold medal. She became the first woman to perform a double lutz.


1949 World Figure Skating Championships, Results, Pairs
*: better placed due to the majority of the better placings


1949 World Series
The 1949 World Series featured the New York Yankees and Brooklyn Dodgers, with the Yankees winning in five games for their second defeat of the Dodgers in three years, and the 12th championship in team history. This victory would start a record run of five straight World Series championships by the Yankees, and was also the first of 14 AL pennants in 16 years (1949–1964 except for 1954 and 1959) for the Yankees.


1949 World Series
Both teams finished the regular season with exactly the same records and winning their respective leagues by one game.


1949 World Series, Summary
AL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (1)


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
Don Newcombe of the Dodgers threw a complete game, five-hitter allowing only one run in a 1–0 losing effort. He struck out 11 Yankees during that game to tie the record for most strikeouts during a World Series game by a losing pitcher. Tommy Henrich led off the bottom of the ninth by tagging Newcombe for the first walk-off home run in World Series history.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
Preacher Roe pitched a six-hit shutout, getting the only run he needed early when Jackie Robinson doubled and Gil Hodges singled. Yankee Stadium came alive in the ninth with Joe DiMaggio's leadoff hit, but Roe retired the next three Yankees for the win, the second straight 1–0 result of the Series.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
Upon the completion of game 2, 1949 became the first World Series to contain multiple 1–0 games, a distinction only matched in 1966.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
In Game 3, the Yankees struck first in the third on Phil Rizzuto's sacrifice fly with two on off Ralph Branca, but Pee Wee Reese tied the game in the fourth on a home run off Tommy Byrne. In the ninth, two walks and a single loaded the bases with two outs, when Johnny Mize delivered a two-run pinch-hit single to right. Brooklyn starter Ralph Branca was then replaced by Jack Banta, who gave up an RBI single to Jerry Coleman that made it 4–1 Yankees. It seemed safe until Luis Olmo and Roy Campanella homered in the bottom of the ninth, but Joe Page hung on for the win after 5+2⁄3 innings in relief.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
Cliff Mapes broke a scoreless tie in the fourth inning with a two-run double off Don Newcombe. Yankee pitcher Eddie Lopat aided his own cause with an RBI double, and the advantage ballooned to 6–0 after a bases-loaded Bobby Brown triple scored three more in the fifth off Joe Hatten. Lopat pitched five scoreless innings before allowing two lead-off singles in the sixth. After a double play moved Pee Wee Reese to third, Jackie Robinson's RBI single put the Dodgers on the board. After a Gil Hodges single, RBI singles by Luis Olmo, Roy Campanella, and Gene Hermanski chased Lopat and cheered Ebbets Field's fans, bringing the Dodgers back to within 6–4. After that, though, Allie Reynolds held the home team hitless.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
A shaky start by Rex Barney. proved costly for Brooklyn. In the first, the Yankees loaded the bases on two walks and an error before Joe DiMaggio's sacrifice fly and Bobby Brown's RBI single put them up 2–0. In the third, the Yankees again loaded the bases on two walks and a single before a Jerry Coleman two-run single knocked Barney out of the game. Vic Raschi's RBI single off Jack Banta made it 5–0 Yankees.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
The Dodgers got on the board in the bottom half off Raschi when Roy Campanella doubled and scored on Pee Wee Reese's single, but the Yankees got that run back with a Joe DiMaggio home run in the fourth. Next inning, Gene Woodling hit a leadoff double and scored on two groundouts. In the sixth, after a walk and single off Carl Erskine, Yogi Berra's sacrifice fly made it 8–1 Yankees, then after a pop out, a Bobby Brown RBI triple aided by an error that allowed Brown himself to score extended their lead to 10–1.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
The Dodgers got a run in the bottom half on Gene Hermanski's RBI single after a double and walk. Next inning, after a one-out single and walk, Jackie Robinson's sacrifice fly made it 10–3 Yankees, then after another walk, Gil Hodges's three-run home run cut their lead to 10–6. However, Joe Page held the Dodgers scoreless for the rest of the game to give the Yankees the title.


1949 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
History was made in the ninth inning when the Ebbets Field lights were turned on, making this the first World Series game finished under artificial lights. The first scheduled Series night game would not be held until 1971.


1949 World Series, Composite box
1949 World Series (4–1): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Brooklyn Dodgers (N.L.)


1949 World Snooker Championship
The 1949 World Snooker Championship was a snooker tournament held at the Leicester Square Hall in London, England.


1949 World Snooker Championship
For the third year running the final was contested by Fred Davis and Walter Donaldson. Davis became the second player to defend his first world title after Joe Davis in 1928 by defeating Donaldson 80–65 in the final, although he had taken a winning lead of 73–58 on the previous day. The match was still in the balance with the score at 63–58 before Davis won 10 frames in a row to take the title. Donaldson made the highest break of the tournament with 115 on the last day of his semi-final match against John Pulman.


1949 World Snooker Championship, Qualifying
John Barrie withdrew for business reasons, giving Herbert Holt a bye into the final of the qualifying event. Conrad Stanbury beat Herbert Francis 18–17 in his first round match played from 10 to 12 February 1949 and then beat Jackie Rea by the same score in a match played from 14 to 16 February. Stanbury then played Holt in the final of the qualifying from 17 to 19 February and recorded his third 18–17 victory, winning the exciting final frame. All three matches were at Leicester Square Hall.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Stockholm from February 4 to February 10, 1949.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles was the 16th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ivan Andreadis and František Tokár won the title after defeating Bohumil Váňa and Ladislav Štípek in the final by three sets to nil.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles was the 16th edition of the men's singles championship.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Johnny Leach defeated Bohumil Váňa in the final, winning three sets to two to secure the title.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 16th edition of the men's team championship.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
Hungary won the gold medal defeating Czechoslovakia 5-4 in the final. England and the United States both won bronze medals by virtue of finishing second in their groups.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles was the 16th edition of the mixed doubles championship.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
Ferenc Sidó and Gizi Farkas defeated Bohumil Váňa and Květa Hrušková in the final by three sets to nil.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles was the 15th edition of the women's doubles championship. Gizi Farkas and Helen Elliot defeated Pinkie Barnes and Joan Crosby in the final by three sets to nil.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles was the 16th edition of the women's singles championship. Gizi Farkas defeated Květa Hrušková in the final by three sets to one, to win claim a third consecutive title.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the ninth edition of the women's team championship.


1949 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
United States won the gold medal defeating England 3-1 in the final. France and Hungary won bronze medals after finishing second in their respective groups.


1949 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1949 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Scheveningen, Netherlands from September 4 to September 6, 1949. There were 38 men in action from 13 nations.


1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Six Conference during the 1949 college football season. In their third season under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Cowboys compiled a 9–1 record (5–0 against Skyline Six opponents), won the Skyline Six championship, shut out six of ten opponents while averaging 38 points per game, and outscored all opponents by a total of 381 to 65. The conference championship was the first in the program's history.


1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team
On November 5, 1949, the Cowboys defeated Colorado State College in Greeley by a score of 103 to 0. The team established the program's single-game records that still stand for points scored (103), touchdowns (15) rushing yardage (504), and total yards (871).


1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team
Four Wyoming players were named to the Skyline Six All-Star team selected by the conference coaches for the Associated Press: tackle Charles Peterson; center Fred Taucher; fullback Walker "Sonny" Jones; and halfback Eddie Talboom. Carl Rollins was the team captain.


1949 Wyoming Cowboys football team
In 2000, Talboom, who played with the Cowboys from 1948 to 1950, became the first Wyoming player to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Head coach Bowden Wyatt was also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1997.


1949 Xavier Musketeers football team
The 1949 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1949 college football season. In its third season under head coach Ed Kluska, the team compiled a 10–1 record, defeated Arizona State in the 1950 Salad Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 257 to 110. The team's only loss was to Bear Bryant's 1949 Kentucky Wildcats football team that was ranked No. 11 in the final AP Poll.


1949 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1949 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1949 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by second-year head coach Herman Hickman, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 4–4 record. The team was captained by Levi Jackson, the first African American  honored with the position.


1949 Yugoslav First Basketball League
The 1949 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 5th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.


1949 Yugoslav First Basketball League
It was the first time the competition was held as a traditional league with every team playing every other team twice, home and away. In previous years, the competition had been held as a tournament in a single location.


1949 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League
The 1949 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 5th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1949 in Belgrade and played eight teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.


1949 Yukon general election
The 1949 Yukon general election was held on 25 July 1949 to elect the three members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan and had merely an advisory role to the federally appointed Commissioner.


1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix
The 1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, sometimes known as the 1949 Dutch Grand Prix, was a non-championship Formula One race held on 31 July 1949 at Circuit Zandvoort.


1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report
The event consisted of two 25-lap heats and a 40-lap final. The cars were split based on their racing numbers, the lower numbers (1-9) competing in Heat 1 and the higher numbers (14-21) in Heat 2. A qualifying session determined the grid for each heat.


1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report
Giuseppe Farina secured pole position for Heat 1 at 1:54.8, the fastest time of the weekend. However, Luigi Villoresi beat him at the start and took the heat unchallenged, setting the fastest lap at 1:59.3. Farina could not challenge due to a misfire, but still finished second. Reigning race winner Prince Bira was third. St John Horsfall finished sixth but chose not to start the final due to a stiff piston.


1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report
Alberto Ascari secured pole position for Heat 2 at 1:55.0. Reg Parnell led the first lap but Ascari retook the lead and steadily pulled away. The race complexion changed in the middle phase: heavy rain began to fall, which better suited Parnell, and at the same time Ascari developed minor engine issues. Parnell closed a 23-second gap to Ascari and won the heat. Ascari set the fastest lap at 2:01. Geoffrey Crossley finished sixth; he handed his Alta over to George Abecassis for the final. Peter Whitehead retired with a broken magneto and Raymond Sommer suffered a broken throttle control.


1949 Zandvoort Grand Prix, Report
The final was hotly contested between Ascari and Villoresi, the two Ferrari drivers trading the lead until lap 34 when a wheel fell off Ascari's car. Farina and Parnell had jumped the start and were handed a one minute post-race time penalty after respectively finishing second and fifth on the road.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland
The anti-NATO riot in Iceland of 30 March 1949 was prompted by the decision of the Alþingi, the Icelandic parliament, to join the newly formed NATO, thereby involving Iceland directly in the Cold War, opposing the Soviet Union and re-militarizing the country.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest
Several hundred protesters first convened behind a school in the centre of Reykjavík and then marched on Austurvöllur, a small park in front of the parliament building, where a throng of people had already arrived positioning themselves between the parliament and the rioters, intending to defend it.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest
At first the demonstrators were calm, but when a leading member of the Socialist Party announced over a loudspeaker that the leader of his party was held hostage inside the Parliament building, things became violent.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest
Rocks and eggs were tossed at the building, some breaking the windows and one narrowly missing the head of the Parliamentary president, until the Reykjavík police force, aided by volunteers from the Independence Party intervened, beating rioters down and eventually launching tear gas grenades at the rioters. It was the first time police in Iceland used tear gas against protesters and the only time until 2009, when police used it during the Icelandic financial crisis protests.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Protest
The riot continued also after the conclusion of the vote and lasted for several hours.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Aftermath
After the event, protests by anti-NATO activists were commonplace. The left parties in the 1950s and 1960s parliamentary elections promised to put an end to the bilateral U.S.-Icelandic Defence Agreement, but dropped these promises after becoming part of the ruling coalitions. The slogan "Iceland out of NATO and the Army out!" ("Ísland úr NATO og herinn burt!") became a part of Icelandic culture. In 1974, the government proposed closing down the Keflavik base, but a petition campaign gathered a quarter of the population's signatures. The government fell out of power, and it was replaced by a decidedly pro-NATO government. On 30 September 2006, the US Navy unilaterally withdrew the last of its military force from Keflavík airport.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Aftermath
In 2016, the United States began preparations to re-establish its presence at the base. In 2017, the United States announced its intention to construct a modern air base on the peninsula.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Aftermath
The protagonist of the novel Angels of the Universe is born during the riot.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
People gather in front of the House of the Althing.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
Police are prepared for trouble in front of the House of the Althing.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
Overview over Austurvöllur, in front of the House of the Althing


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
Overview over Austurvöllur, Reykjavik Cathedral and the House of the Althing.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
People gather for a meeting at the old school, by Tjörnin in downtown Reykjavik


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
In the throng in front of the House of the Althing during anti-NATO protests.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
Fighting breaks out between anti- and pro-NATO supporters, and police. The windows of the House of the Althing have been smashed.


1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland, Gallery
Policemen in gas masks guard Austurvöllur after dispersing the crowd with tear gas.


1949 college football season
The 1949 college football season finished with four teams that were unbeaten and untied-- Notre Dame, Oklahoma, California, and Army had won all their games at season's end. Notre Dame, however, was the overwhelming choice for national champion in the AP Poll, with 172 of 208 first place votes. The Fighting Irish did not participate in the New Year's Day bowl games, which were played on January 2, 1950.


1949 college football season, September
The Associated Press did not poll the writers until the third week of the season. Among the five teams that had been ranked highest in 1948, California opened play on September 17 with a 21–7 win over Santa Clara.


1949 college football season, September
By September 24, most teams were in action. Defending champion Michigan beat visiting Michigan State, 7–3. Notre Dame beat Indiana 49–6. North Carolina beat N.C. State 26–6. California beat St. Mary's 29–7. The night before, Oklahoma had won at Boston College, 46–0.


1949 college football season, October
On October 1 in Seattle, Notre Dame beat Washington 27–7. Oklahoma beat Texas A&M 33–13, North Carolina beat Georgia 21–14, and Michigan won at Stanford, 27–7. When the first poll was issued, Michigan had 34 of the 80 votes cast, followed by Notre Dame and Oklahoma. Tulane University, which had beaten Alabama 28–14 and Georgia Tech 18–0, placed fourth. Minnesota, which had victories over Washington (48–20) and at Nebraska (28–6) was fifth. North Carolina, which had been in the final top five in 1948, was at sixth place.


1949 college football season, October
October 8 No. 1 Michigan was beaten at home by No. 7 Army. No. 2 Notre Dame won at Purdue 35–12. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Texas in Dallas, 20–14. No. 4 Tulane beat Southeastern Louisiana 40–0. No. 5 Minnesota beat Northwestern 21–7.


1949 college football season, October
October 15  In South Bend, No. 1 Notre Dame beat No. 4 Tulane 46–7. No. 2 Army won at Harvard, 54–14. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Kansas 48–26. No. 9 California, which beat USC 16–10, was fifth in the next poll. No. 5 Minnesota stayed unbeaten with a win in Columbus over Ohio State, 27–0.


1949 college football season, October
October 22 No. 1 Notre Dame was idle. No. 2 Army beat Columbia 63–6. No. 3 Minnesota lost at Michigan, 14–7. No. 4 Oklahoma won at Nebraska 48–0. No. 5 California beat Washington 21–7. No. 9 Rice won at Texas, 17–15, and was fifth in the next poll.


1949 college football season, October
October 29  In Baltimore, No. 1 Notre Dame defeated Navy, 40–0. No. 2 Army (the United States Military Academy) defeated the VMI (the Virginia Military Institute) 40–14. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Iowa State 34–7. In Los Angeles, No. 4 California beat UCLA 35–21. No. 5 Rice beat Texas Tech 28–0 to extend its record to 5–1–0. No. 6 Michigan, which won at Illinois 13–0, returned to the Top Five with a 4–2–0 record.


1949 college football season, November
November 5No. 1 Notre Dame won at Michigan State, 34–21. No. 2 Army defeated No. 20 Fordham, 35–0. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Kansas State 39–0. No. 4 California beat Washington State 33–14. No. 5 Michigan beat Purdue 20–12. The top five stayed unchanged.


1949 college football season, November
November 12  At Yankee Stadium, No. 1 Notre Dame beat North Carolina, 42–6. No. 2 Army had a scare in Philadelphia, edging Penn 14–13. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Missouri, 27–7. No. 4 California beat Oregon 41–14. No. 5 Michigan beat Indiana 20–7.


1949 college football season, November
November 19 No. 1 Notre Dame defeated Iowa 28–7. No. 2 Oklahoma beat Santa Clara 28–21. No. 3 California defeated Stanford 33–14 to finish its season unbeaten. No. 4 Army was idle as it prepared for the Army–Navy Game. No. 5 Michigan was tied by No. 7 Ohio State, 7–7.


1949 college football season, November
November 26 No. 1 Notre Dame defeated visiting USC, 32–0. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Oklahoma State 41–0. No. 4 Army returned to Philadelphia for the Army–Navy Game and defeated Navy 38–0. No. 2 California at 10–0–0, and No. 5 Ohio State, at 6–1–2, accepted bids to play in the Rose Bowl.


1949 college football season, November
The final poll was released on November 28, although some colleges had not completed their schedules. On December 3, the national champs, No. 1 Notre Dame closed a perfect season in Dallas with a 27–20 win over Southern Methodist University (SMU).


1949 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in Afghanistan.


1949 in Afghanistan
The cold war between Afghanistan and Pakistan continues. Political circles in Kabul and the Afghan government insist that Pakistan should constitute the North-West Frontier Province as an independent Pashtun republic, or at least allow the Pashtuns of the tribal areas on the Pakistan side of the Durand Line to opt for Kabul. The British government categorically refuses the Afghan request that it should intervene. The press and wireless of Kabul continue to pour out propaganda against Pakistan. The Pakistan government refrains from reprisals and trade between the two countries goes on as before; in fact economic cooperation is offered. Afghanistan is in the grip of an economic crisis. The Persian lamb trade, a vital element in Afghan finance, is languishing; Indian import duties paralyze the export of fruit.


1949 in Afghanistan, June 1949
The Afghan parliament cancels all treaties which former Afghan governments have signed with the British, including the Durand Line Agreement, and thus proclaims that the Afghan government does not recognize the Durand Line as a legal boundary between Afghanistan and Pakistan.


1949 in Afghanistan, November 24, 1949
The Export-Import Bank of Washington grants Afghanistan a $21,000,000 loan on the strength of which important work on roads, bridges, and irrigation dams, which a U.S. firm had been carrying out for two or three years but which was held up because of dwindling Afghan credit, is to be resumed.


1949 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in Australia.


1949 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1949.


1949 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1949 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1949 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1949 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1949 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1949 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 48th season of competitive football in the country.


1949 in Brazilian football, Campeonato Paulista, Relegation
The worst placed team, which is Comercial-SP, was relegated to the following year's second level.


1949 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1949.


1949 in British music
This is a summary of 1949 in music in the United Kingdom.


1949 in British radio
This is a list of events from British radio in 1949.


1949 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1949.


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Illingworth cartoon depicts Stalin-shaped mushroom cloud overshadowing western Europe and North America


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Joint US-Canadian defence strategy must address not only huge Soviet force in Europe, but its recently revealed atomic weapon capability


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"This struggle [with Communism] is coming closer and closer" - Canada should be aware that it has U.S.S.R. on its northern border


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Denial of NATO "automatic commitment" comes from old idea of U.S.A. and Canada as "producers and not consumers of security"


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Despite disapproval, Canada would strengthen its Article 2 on cultural, economic and social collaboration in draft NATO treaty


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
After prolonged objection to NATO treaty Article 2 by U.S. Senators, they publicly praise it as one reason for ratification


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
U.S.A. undermines Canada's export economy and aid to European recovery, and unfairly criticizes defence spending


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Discussion of suggested USA-UK-Canada federation, UK's place in Europe, and Europe's economic decline as world industrializes


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"Spectre of starvation, not only of the body, but also of the mind" - Canadians organize for cultural reconstruction of Europe


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Canada raises $1 million for aid to devastated countries, including 5,000 school food boxes, 30,000 library books, and artists' equipment


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
PM Nehru explains India's "championship of freedom and racial equality in Asia" and asks Canada's support for liberty and against want


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
National Film Board's history of independent international distribution bothers Department of External Affairs


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"(UNESCO should reject) projects not likely to achieve immediately useful results" - Example of Canada's role as helpful fixer


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Letters of appreciation about (and from) displaced persons brought from Europe by government to work in Canada


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Given their unpopularity in Canada, External Affairs urged to be judicious about allowing Germans in


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"Running a war and a wide-open immigration policy at the same time[ – there's] no alternative" - Newspaper columnist on Israel


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Canadian leadership tries to settle dispute in refugee organization over Jewish emigration to Palestine conflict zone


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Canadian diplomat on elimination of corruption and black market and other positive changes in China following Communist takeover


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"Undesirable contacts" - Federal official is leery about stationing Black U.S. troops near Inuit


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Hydro-electricity, boundary waters, roads and railways: Canada wants information on U.S. interest in northwestern North America


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Historical and diplomatic reasons for retaining "Alert" name for joint U.S.-Canadian weather station on Ellesmere Island


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"You are joining a good country" - Prime Minister St. Laurent's speech on Newfoundland's entry into Confederation


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"The Catholic Syndicates appear to have shunned [a] settlement" - Violence and unspoken motivation behind Quebec's Asbestos Strike


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Film: newsreel of strikers, strikebreakers and police in Asbestos, Quebec


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"The most powerful social and moral authority in the community" - Sociologist says unions are replacing church in Windsor, Ont.


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Discussions between George Hislop and Jim Egan are roots of Toronto-area gay liberation


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Fearing recent total war effort may result in permanent checks on individual rights, senator introduces draft bill of rights


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"A more complete[... ]Canadian democracy" - Canadian Jewish Congress promotes national institutions for cultural understanding


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Massey Commission suggests questions on influences and possibilities to Ernest MacMillan for his critical study of Canadian music


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"A cultural renaissance[... ]from the grass roots" - Calgary Allied Arts Council urges Massey Commission to back community arts


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
"A new and gifted player" - Jazz at the Philharmonic presents Oscar Peterson's debut at Carnegie Hall, New York


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Film: newsreel of cruise ship burning in Toronto harbour with scores of lives lost


1949 in Canada, Historical documents
Advertisement: CP Air staged flight to Australia with Honolulu and Fiji stopovers


1949 in Canadian football
The Calgary Stampeders had an opportunity to defend their Grey Cup title in 1949, but the Montreal Alouettes returned the trophy to Quebec for just the third time in its history.


1949 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1949
The Edmonton Eskimos rejoined with the WIFU and adopted the colours of gold and green. The WIFU regular season was extended to 14 games, per team.


1949 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1949
Wearing helmets became compulsory with the two unions. The Western Canada Rugby Football Union ceased its operations.


1949 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1949 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship
37th Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium – Toronto, Ontario


1949 in Canadian football, 1949 Eastern (Interprovincial Rugby Football Union) All-Stars
NOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.


1949 in Canadian football, 1949 Western (Western Interprovincial Football Union) All-Stars
NOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.


1949 in Canadian football, 1949 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars
NOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.


1949 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in Chile.


1949 in El Salvador
The following lists events that happened in 1949 in El Salvador.


1949 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1949 in Estonia.


1949 in Germany
Events in the year 1949 in the Allied-occupied Germany, then in West Germany and East Germany.


1949 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1949 in Iceland.


1949 in Indonesia
Events in the year 1949 in Indonesia. The country had an estimated population of   74,530,300.


1949 in Israel, Events
Honor guard stands beside Herzl's coffin in Israel, August 1949


1949 in Israel, Events, Israeli–Palestinian conflict
The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1949 include:


1949 in Jordan
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in Jordan.


1949 in Laos
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in Laos.


1949 in Luxembourg
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.


1949 in Malaya
This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1949, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.


1949 in Michigan, Top stories
The Associated Press polled editors of its member newspapers in Michigan and ranked the state's top news stories of 1949 as follows:


1949 in Michigan, Population
In the 1940 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 5,256,106, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1950, Michigan's population had increased by 21.2% to 6,371,766.


1949 in Michigan, Population, Cities
The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 20,000 based on 1940 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1930 and 1950 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.


1949 in Michigan, Population, Counties
The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 75,000 based on 1940 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1930 and 1950 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.


1949 in Michigan, Companies
The following is a list of major companies based in Michigan in 1949.


1949 in New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in New Zealand.


1949 in New Zealand
Most New Zealanders became New Zealand citizens in addition to being British subjects, as the British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948 came into effect.


1949 in New Zealand
The National government of Sydney Holland was elected in the 1949 New Zealand general election.


1949 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
The 28th New Zealand Parliament continued. Government was the Labour until after the November general election, which saw it replaced by National Party.


1949 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government
Iriaka Rātana (Labour) is the first Māori woman elected to Parliament.


1949 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film
See : Category:1949 film awards, 1949 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1949 films


1949 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls
The national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Auckland.


1949 in Norwegian football, Promoted to first division
AIK Lund, Asker, Brumunddal, Bryne, Braatt, Eik,Falk, Gjøvik SK, Jordal, Kjelsås, Kopervik, Lillestrøm,Mysen, Os, Rosenborg, Skotfoss, Stag, Stjørdaland Tistedalen.


1949 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1949 in Norwegian music.


1949 in Poland
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in Poland.


1949 in South Africa
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in South Africa.


1949 in Taiwan
Events in the year 1949 in Taiwan, Republic of China.


1949 in Thailand
The year 1949 was the 168th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the fourth year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2492 in the Buddhist Era.


1949 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1949 to Wales and its people.


1949 in association football
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1949 throughout the world.


1949 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1949  throughout the world.


1949 in comics
Notable events of 1949 in comics. See also List of years in comics.


1949 in comics, Events and publications
Publishers Star Publications, Toby Press, and Youthful make their debuts; conversely, Columbia Comics, Novelty Press, and Street & Smith Comics all fold.


1949 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1949.


1949 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1949 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:


1949 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
The year 1949 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian fine arts.


1949 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1949.


1949 in jazz
In 1949 Bebop dominates the scene, but Dixieland is still being played. Miles Davis makes the first recordings with other artists of what will be known as Cool Jazz. The first LPs are issued, as are the first 45s.


1949 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1949.


1949 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1949 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1949 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1949 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1949.


1949 in music, US No. 1 hit singles
These singles reached the top of the US charts in 1949.


1949 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following songs achieved the highest in the limited set of charts available for 1949.


1949 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1949.


1949 in poetry
Links to nations or nationalities point to articles with information on that nation's poetry or literature. For example, United Kingdom links to English poetry and Indian links to Indian poetry.


1949 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1949 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:


1949 in poetry, Works published in other languages, Other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1949 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1949 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1949 in professional wrestling
1949 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1949 in radio
The year 1949 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting history.


1949 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1949.


1949 in science
The year 1949 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1949 in sports
1949 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1949 in sports, Association football
On 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park, Liverpool, the home of Everton, England were defeated 2-0 by Ireland in a friendly international.


1949 in sports, Cricket
In the course of playing a Ranji Trophy semi-final at Poona in March, Bombay and Maharashtra set the still-standing record for the highest match aggregate of runs scored in a first-class match – 2,376 runs.


1949 in television
The year 1949 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1949.


1949 in the Belgian Congo
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in the Belgian Congo.


1949 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1949 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


1949 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 5 teams, and KR won the championship. KR's Ólafur Hannesson and Hörður Óskarsson, as well as Fram's Guðmundur Jónsson, were the joint top scorers with 4 goals.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament
The 1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Joe Davis with Sidney Smith finishing in second place. It was the first News of the World Tournament, a tournament that ran until 1959.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format
The 1949/1950 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 10 October 1949 to 21 January 1950. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 8 competitors and a total of 28 matches. The competitors were Joe Davis, Walter Donaldson, George Chenier, Horace Lindrum, Sidney Smith, Peter Mans and Albert Brown. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. There was a qualifying competition prior to the main event. This involved 4 players in a round-robin tournament with the winner, Albert Brown, advancing to the main event. 1949 World Snooker Champion Fred Davis did not enter as he objected to the matches being over only three days rather than the normal six.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format
Each player was given a handicap at the start of the tournament. The handicaps were: Davis: -7, Donaldson: 0, Chenier, Lindrum and Smith: 13, Pulman: 14, Mans: 16 and Brown: 19. The player with the higher handicap received a start in each frame, being the difference between the two handicaps. Thus Brown received a 3-point start in his match against Mans.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
The two top-seeded players met in the first match. Joe Davis beat Walter Donaldson, won a tough match; taking a winning 19–16 lead in the final session. In the second match Albert Brown, receiving a 26-point start each frame, led Joe Davis 18–6 after two days and won comfortably.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
Going into his last match Albert Brown seemed the likely winner of the tournament. He and Joe Davis had won 5 matches out of 6 but Brown had an 8 frame lead. This meant that if Brown won his last match 19–18, Davis would need to win his last match 28–9 to win the event. However Brown lost his last match, against Horace Lindrum, which meant that Davis only needed to win his match against George Chenier to win the tournament. In the next match Sidney Smith won 26–11, overtaking Brown in the standings and meaning that Smith would win the tournament if Davis lost. Davis took a 19–4 lead against Chenier to guarantee the £500 first prize with Smith in second place and Brown third.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
Joe Davis scored the first century of the tournament on 8 November in his match against John Pulman. Pulman potted a red before Davis cleared the table with a break of 130. Davis scored a break of exactly 100 against Sidney Smith on 3 January. George Chenier scored a break of 107 on 19 January in his match against Davis.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
The positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW). Albert Brown won an additional £50 for winning the qualifying competition.


1949/1950 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying
The qualifying tournament was played from 19 September to 8 October 1949. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. As in the main event, each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. Albert Brown and Alec Brown each won their first two matches which meant that the final match, between the two, would decide the winner. Albert Brown won a close match 20–17. Alec had led 13–11 at the start of the final day. Conrad Stanbury conceded his match against John Barrie because of illness. Barrie was leading 8–4 at the time. Barrie played a two-day exhibition match against Peter Mans instead.


1949/50 NTFL season
The 1949/50 NTFL season was the 29th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).


1949/50 NTFL season
Buffaloes have won their 10th premiership title while defeating the Wanderers in the grand final by 54 points.


1949–1950 Massachusetts legislature
The 156th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1949 and 1950 during the governorship of Paul A. Dever. Chester A. Dolan Jr. and Harris S. Richardson served as presidents of the Senate. Thomas P. O'Neill served as speaker of the House.


1949–1950 Massachusetts legislature
In 1949, after 90 years of Republican control of the House, Democrats gained a majority. In 1950, the General Court passed a bill prohibiting racial discrimination or segregation in housing.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus
The 1949–1956 Palestinian exodus was the continuation of the 1948 exodus of Palestinian Arabs from Israeli-controlled territory after the signing of the ceasefire agreements. This period of the exodus was characterised predominantly by forced expulsion during the consolidation of the state of Israel and ever increasing tension along the ceasefire lines ultimately leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus
Between 1949 and 1950, according to historian Benny Morris, Israel had displaced and expelled between 30,000 and 40,000 Palestinians and Bedouin. Many villages along the ceasefire lines and the Lebanon border area were also leveled, many emptied villages were resettled by new Jewish immigrants and demobilized Israeli military forces.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus
Israel argued this was motivated by security considerations linked with the situation at the borders. During the consolidation period, Israel was more intent on gaining control of the demilitarized zones on the Syrian, Jordanian and Egyptian fronts than on her image abroad.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
Arab League's Secretary-General Azzam Pasha, according to an interview in an 11 October 1947 article of Akhbar al-Yom, said:


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
"I personally wish that the Jews do not drive us to this war, as this will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacres and the Crusades".


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
A week before the armies marched, Azzam Pasha said to British diplomat Alec Kirkbride:


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
"It does not matter how many there are. We will sweep them into the sea."


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
On 30 May 1948, Yosef Weitz, head of the Settlement Department of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) recorded in his diary:


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
"We have begun the operation of cleansing, removing the rubble and preparing the villages for cultivation and settlement. Some of these will become parks"


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
Immediately after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Israel started on a process of nation building with the first general elections held on 25 January 1949. Chaim Weizmann was installed as Israel's first President and Ben-Gurion as head of the Mapai party attained the position he had held in the Provisional government of Israel that of Prime minister of Israel.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
Ben-Gurion emphatically rejected the return of refugees in the Israeli Cabinet decision of June 1948 reiterated in a letter to the UN of 2 August 1949 containing the Text of a statement made by Moshe Sharett on 1 August 1948 where the basic attitude of the Israeli Government was that a solution must be sought, not through the return of the refugees to Israel, but through the resettlement of the Palestinian Arab refugee population in other states.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
The Israeli government was of the view that the armistice agreements gave them 3 indisputable rights:


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background
The Arab nations conversely also saw the General Armistice Agreements as conferring 3 rights:


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security
Israeli security was thought of on two levels general security and daily security. The general security covered the threat of invasion while daily security was to secure Israeli territory from infiltration. This was achieved by three processes. The transfer of Israeli Arabs away from the ceasefire lines to urban areas of concentration such as Jaffa and Haifa; the resettlement of the areas cleared, mainly by mizrahim (oriental Jews) in moshavim along the ceasefire lines; and operating a free fire policy.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security
Once the fighting phase of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war had ceased with a truce, the Israeli bureaucracy was faced with the overwhelming task of ruling effectively over dozens of severely disrupted Israeli Arab villages and towns, where thousands of displaced Palestinians had taken refuge. Since the Israeli state did not trust its Israeli Arab citizens seeing them as a potential 5th Column, it placed this entire population under a tight military regime supervised by the Central Committee for Arab Affairs.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security
Established in 1954, the committee had representatives from the police and the domestic intelligence agency, Shabak, as well as the prime minister’s consultant for Arab affairs and the commander-in-chief of military rule. In concert, the committee presided over three regional sub-committees (south, center and north), which dealt with the daily business of governance.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security
The Registration of Residents ordinance of 1949 left those unregistered Palestinian Arabs without legal status and vulnerable to deportation. The abandoned Property law of 1950; where the moveable and immovable property belonging to the refugees was effectively appropriated by the state of Israel applied not just to Palestinian refugees who had left Israeli territory but also to Palestinian Arabs who had remained in Israel but who had left their ordinary place of residence. One quarter of the Arab citizens of Israel are "internal refugees," who until 1948 resided in villages that were destroyed in the war.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Infiltration
The estimates for 1949 to 1956 was that 90% of all infiltration was motivated by social and economic concerns. It was naturally difficult to prevent refugees who were living on a bare subsistence level, from crossing lines beyond which they hope to find fodder for their hungry sheep, or for scarce fuel. Additionally there occurred occasional nightly clandestine smuggling between Gaza and Hebron. The smuggling was largely motivated by the great discrepancy of prices prevailing in the two areas.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Infiltration
Most of these complaints in 1950 concerned the shooting by Israelis of refugee civilians and livestock, said to have illegally crossed the demarcation lines. In the most serious case of this kind, Egypt complained that Israeli military Forces, on the 7 and 14 October 1950, had shelled and machine-gunned the Arab villages of Abassan and Beit Hanoun in Egyptian controlled territory of the Gaza strip. This action caused the death of seven and the wounding of twenty civilians. Israel on the other hand complained of infiltration incidents which had resulted in the death of four Israeli settlers and the wounding of twenty others.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Infiltration
The pejorative term infiltrator was also applied to refugee non-residents who had not left Israel as in the case in Nazareth. On the 21 November 1949 the Arab member of the Knesset Mr. Amin Jarjura (Mapai) asked in the Knesset permission for the refugees (6,000) of Nazareth to be allowed to return to their surrounding villages; at the same time the IDF were conducting a sweep through the city of Nazareth rounding up non-residents who the Palestine Post then termed infiltrators.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies
The Israeli Government position was that the Arab countries were aiding and abetting the infiltrators in an extension of the Arab Israeli conflict by using the infiltrators as guerillas. This has been described as inaccurate by some historians.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies
The problem of establishing and guarding the demarcation line separating the Gaza Strip from the Israeli-held Negev area, proved a vexing one: largely due to the presence of more than 200,000 Palestinian Arab refugees in this Gaza area. The terms of the Armistice Agreement restricted Egypt’s use and deployment of regular armed forces in the Gaza strip. In keeping with this restriction the Egyptian Government’s answer was to form a Palestinian para-military police force. The Palestinian Border police was created in December 1952.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies
The Border police were placed under the command of ‘Abd-al-Man’imi ‘Abd-al-Ra’uf, a former Egyptian air brigade commander, member of the Muslim Brotherhood and member of the Revolutionary Council. 250 Palestinian volunteers started training in March 1953 with further volunteers coming forward for training in May and December 1953. Part of the Border police personnel were attached to the Military Governor’s office and placed under ‘Abd-al-‘Azim al-Saharti to guard public installations in the Gaza strip.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Arab countries anti-infiltration policies
On the Egyptian ceasefire line and DMZ to try to avoid future incidents caused by infiltration the Mixed Armistice Commission finally decided that a system of mixed border patrols comprising officers and enlisted men from each side would decrease tension and lessen infiltration. Initially, the mixed patrols along the Egyptian demarcation line worked satisfactorily. The Egyptian Authorities maintained a policy of "incarcerating" the inhabitants of the Gaza strip until 1955.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Free fire policy
A free fire policy was adopted by the IDF. The policy included patrols, ambushes, laying mines, setting booby traps and carrying out periodic search operations in Israeli Arab villages. The "free fire" policy in the period of 1949 to 1956 has been estimated to account for 2,700 to 5,000 Palestinian Arab deaths. During anti-infiltration operations the Israeli forces sometimes committed atrocities with reports of gang rape, murder and the dumping of 120 suspected infiltrators in the Avara desert without water.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Background, Security, Free fire policy
Additionally the IDF carried out operations, mainly, in Jordanian held territory and Egyptian held territory. The early reprisal raids failed to achieve their objectives and managed to increase hatred for Israel amongst the Arab countries and the refugees. The disruptive and destabilizing nature of the raids put the western plans for the defence of the Middle East in jeopardy, the western powers then applied pressure on Israeli to desist.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession
From November 1948 through to the summer of 1949 and the signing of the General Armistice Agreements a further 87 villages were occupied; 36 being emptied by force.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession
From the statistics taken from the official records of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel Mixed Armistice Commission for the period of June 1949 through December 1952 it is found that Jordan complained of 37 instances of expulsion of Arabs from Israel. For the period 1 January 1953 through to 15 October 1953 it is found that Jordan complained of 7 instances of expulsion of Arabs from Israel involving 41 people.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
During Operation Hiram in the upper Galilee, Israeli military commanders received the order: 'Do all you can to immediately and quickly purge the conquered territories of all hostile elements in accordance with the orders issued. The residents should be helped to leave the areas that have been conquered'. (31 October 1948, Moshe Carmel) The UN's acting Mediator, Ralph Bunche, reported that United Nations Observers had recorded extensive looting of villages in Galilee by Israeli forces, which carried away goats, sheep and mules.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
This looting, United Nations Observers report, appeared to have been as systematic as army trucks were used for transportation. The situation, states the report, created a new influx of refugees into Lebanon. Israeli forces, he stated, have occupied the area in Galilee formerly occupied by Kaukji's forces, and have crossed the Lebanese frontier. Bunche goes on to say "that Israeli forces now hold positions inside the south-east corner of Lebanon, involving some fifteen Lebanese villages which are occupied by small Israeli detachments".


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
An example of the use to which "rumours" were put is given where Glazer comments on the use of psychological warfare against civilians and quotes Nafez Nazzal's description of the Galilee exodus:-


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
The villages of Ghuweir Abu Shusha were persuaded by neighbouring Jewish Mukhtars to leave to Syria... The villagers heard how ruthless and cruel the Jews were to the people of Deir Yassin and the nearby village of Nasr ed Din. They [the villagers] were not prepared to withstand the Jewish attack and decided to accept their neighbours advice and leave.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
The method of planting false atrocity stories to engineer an exodus is borne out by Yigal Allon's Palmach plans to force the exodus of the Palestinian Arabs of Galilee:-


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
The long battle had weaken our forces and before us stood great duties of blocking the routes of invasion. We therefore looked for means which did not force us into employing force, in order to cause the tens of thousands of sulky Arab who remained in the Galilee to flee, for in case of an Arab invasion they were likely to strike us in the rear.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
I gathered all the Jewish Mukhtars who had contact with Arabs in different villages, and asked to whisper in the ear of some Arabs that great Jewish reinforcements had arrived in Galilee and that it is going to burn all the villages of the Huleh. They should suggest to those Arabs, as a friend, to escape while there is still time.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
The villages of al Mansura, Tarbikah, Iqrit and Kafr Bir'im in Galilee were entered by IDF forces during late October early November, 1948 after Operation Hiram. The villages being located in an area, 5 km deep parallel to the Israel Lebanon border, were to be evacuated of their Palestinian Arab population. The Israeli forces wanted, for security reasons, the villages populated primarily by Jews. On 13 November 1948 the inhabitants of Kafr Bir'im were requested to evacuated by the IDF "temporarily" in expectation of an Arab counter-attack.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
Emmanuel Friedman an intelligence officer of the 7th Brigade explained the evacuation orders to the villagers, the order having been issued by Bechor Sheetrit. The villagers of Kafr Bir'im initially sought protection in a nearby cave. The then Minister of Police Bechor Sheetrit on seeing the elderly, women and children living in the cave suggested that the villagers move to the town of Jish, where there were 400 abandoned houses, further south "until the military operations are over". Approximately 700 of the Kafr Bir'em villagers found accommodation within Israel, the remaining 250 were encouraged to cross into Lebanon.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
Archbishop Elias Chacour originally a resident of Iqrit relates in his autobiography how IDF in the spring of 1949 rounded up all the men and older boys in the village (including his own father and three eldest brothers), and trucked them to the border with Jordan. There they were let out and ordered to go to Jordan. The soldiers opened fire, aiming just above their heads, meaning to drive them from their homeland for good. However, Chacour's father and brothers managed to make it back three months later. The operation to achieve a Palestinian Arab free Israel/Lebanon border zone came to an end on 15 16 November leaving Fassuta (Christians), Jish (Maronites), Rihaniya (Circassians), Mi'ilya (Christians) and Jurdiye (Muslims) within the 5–7 km zone.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
The first legal action against the state of Israel was brought in 1951 by 5 men of Iqrit with Muhammad Nimr al-Hawari acting as their lawyer. On 31 July 1951 the Israeli courts recognised the rights of the villagers to their land and their right to return to it. The court said the land was not abandoned and therefore could not be placed under the custodian of enemy property.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
In 1953 the (by now former) inhabitants of Kafr Bir'im pleaded to the Supreme Court of Israel to allow them to return to their village. Early in September 1953 the Supreme Court decided that the authorities had to answer to why the inhabitants were not allowed to return home. The result was devastating: on 16 September 1953 the Israeli air force and army in a joint operation bombed the village until it was completely destroyed. At the same time it was announced that 1,170 hectares of land belonging to the village had been expropriated by the state. (Ref. given by Sabri Jiryis: "Kouetz 307 (27. Aug. 1953): 1419")


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Galilee
On 16 January 1949, an attempt to move the remaining Palestinian Arab inhabitants of Tarshiha to the neighbouring towns of Mi'ilya and Majd al Kurum was prevented by UN and Christian clerical intercession. Pressure from Kibbutz and the Military in the Galilee panhandle mounted to remove the Palestinian inhabitants of the area. On 5/6 June the inhabitants of Khisas and Qeitiya were forced into trucks and dumped near 'Akbara just south Safad.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara
In March 1949, as the Iraqi forces withdrew from Palestine and handed over their positions to the smaller Jordanian legion, three Israeli brigades manoeuvred into threatening positions in Operation Shin-Tav-Shin in a form of coercive diplomacy. The operation allowed Israel to renegotiate the ceasefire line in the Wadi Ara area of the Northern West Bank in a secret agreement reached on 23 March 1949 and incorporated into the General Armistice Agreement. The Green Line was then redrawn in blue ink on the southern map to give the impression that a movement in the Green line had been made.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara
However, this replacement involved a considerable change of the lines, a change which could not be carried out without inflicting serious hardships upon the population and the affected areas. It was inevitable that thousands of people, in the course of this redrawing of demarcation lines, were cut off from the fields that were their livelihood, cut off from their only resources of water and from the meager pastures on which they used to graze their cattle. It has been estimated that 15 villages were ceded to Israel and a further 15,000 Palestinian Arabs became refugees.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara
During the Lausanne Peace Conference The US consul, William Burdett, reported on a meeting of the Jordan/Israel Armistice Commission which dealt with a case where 1,000 (UN estimates 1,500) Palestinian Arab inhabitants of Baqa al-Gharbiyye had been expelled and forced across the ceasefire line. The Mixed Armistice Commission decided, by majority vote, that Israel had violated the General Armistice Agreement by driving the civilians across the demarcation line into the territory of the Hashemite Jordan Kingdom.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Ara
In January/February 1949 approximately 700 people from Kfar Yassif were expelled across the Jordanian/Israeli ceasefire line as they had moved into Kfar Yassif from the surrounding villages during the period of fighting in 1948.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Majdal
On 17 August 1950 the remaining Palestinian Arab population of Majdal were served with an expulsion order (The Palestinians had been held in a confined area since 1948) and the first group of them were taken on trucks to the Gaza Strip. Majdal was then renamed Ashkelon by the Israelis in an ongoing process of de-Arabisation of the topography as described by Meron Benvenisti. Egypt accepted the expelled civilian Palestinian Arabs from Majdal on humanitarian grounds as they would otherwise have been exposed to "torture and death". That however did not mean their voluntary movement. Furthermore, testimony of the expelled Arabs and reports of the Mixed Armistice Commission clearly showed that the refugees had been forcibly expelled.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Majdal
Ilan Pappé reports that the last gun-point expulsion occurred in 1953 where the residents of Umm al-Faraj were driven out and the village destroyed by the IDF. "


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Fukin
The expulsion at Wadi Fukin led to a change in the Green line where an exchange of fertile land in the Bethlehem area to Israeli control and the village of Wadi Fukin being given to Jordanian control. On 15 July when the Israeli Army expelled the population of Wadi Fukin after the village had been transferred to the Israeli-occupied area under the terms of the Armistice Agreement concluded between Israel and the Jordan Kingdom.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Fukin
The Mixed Armistice Commission decided on 31 August, by a majority vote, that Israel had violated the Armistice Agreement by expelling villagers of Wadi Fukin across the demarcation line and decided that the villagers should be allowed to return to their homes. However, when the villagers returned to Wadi Fukin under the supervision of the United Nations observers on 6 September, they found most of their houses destroyed and were again compelled by the Israeli Army to return to Jordanian controlled territory.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Wadi Fukin
The United Nations Chairman of the Mixed Commission, Colonel Garrison B. Coverdale (US), pressed for a solution of this issue to be found in the Mixed Armistice Commission, in an amicable and UN spirit. After some hesitation, an adjustment in the Green Line was accepted and finally an agreement was reached whereby the Armistice line was changed to give back Wadi Fukin to the Jordanian authority who, in turn, agreed to transfer some uninhabited, but fertile territory south of Bethlehem to the Israeli authority.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District
Israeli forces attacked Jalbun village, with small arms, on the 5 December 1949, they then expelled the inhabitants from their village causing fatal casualties amongst the villagers. The Jordanian government strongly protested against unwarranted Israeli action and call on UN secretary General to notify the security council to take prompt and strict measures to return expelled Palestinians to their village, to hand back their looted belongings, and to compensate the villagers for all losses and damages.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District
In the lake Huleh area, during 1951, Israel initiated a project to drain the marsh land to bring 15,000 acres (61 km2) into cultivation. The project caused a conflict of interests between the Palestinian Arab villages in the area, consequently 800 inhabitants of the villages were forcibly evacuated from the DMZ.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District
In 1954 Israel "evacuated" the Palestinian villages of Baqqara and Ghannama in the central sector of the Israel/Syria demilitarized zone the Chief of Staff of the UNTSO made a report in January 1955 to the United Nations where it was decided that:-


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Northern District
30 October 1956 When Israel attacked Egypt across the Sinai peninsula in co-ordination with an Anglo-French attack on Suez. The remainder of the Palestinians living in the DMZs were driven into Syria. The villages of Baqqara and Ghannama now lie as rubble and are empty.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Beersheba
According to the Jordanian minister of foreign affairs at the time, on 7 November 1949, Israeli forces expelled two thousand men, women, children from Beersheba area into the Jordanian controlled sector. Before the Palestinian Arabs were expelled they were severely maltreated, their homes destroyed, their cattle, sheep, belongings looted.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev
20 August 1950 Israeli authorities expelled into Egyptian territory all the Bedouin living in the demilitarized zone of Auja al-Hafir in Palestine. United Nations observers found that thirteen Arabs, including women and children, had died during the exodus and bodies of several more had been found crushed by armoured vehicles. By 3 September, the number of expelled Arabs had reached 4,071. Most of them had lived in the Beersheba area of Palestine during the period of the British Mandate and was driven from their homes for the first time when the Israeli forces had occupied Beersheba. The Bedouin had gone to settle in Auja al-Hafir and had been living there for more than two years. The Bedouin made representation to return to el-Auja under United Nations protection.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel
From the signing of the General Armistice Agreements in 1949, Jordan and Egypt had complained on many occasions that Israel had been reducing the Arab population of the Negeb by driving Bedouins and even Arab villagers across the ceasefire lines into the Egyptian Sinai and the Jordanian held West Bank. Israel had been condemned by the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) in some instances but had taken no steps to allow the return of the Arabs.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel
On 17 September 1952, the senior Jordan Military Delegate to the Mixed Armistice Commission, Major Itzaq, inform the MAC that the Israelis had expelled ten families of the es-Sani tribe and that they were now situated inside the Jordan border south of Hebron. On 22 September Commander Hutchison USNR of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel Mixed Armistice Commission (HKJMAC) went into the area and counted over 100 families, nearly 1,000 members of the es-Sani tribe.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel
Sheikh El Hajj Ibrahim informed the MAC that the es-Sani had been forced off their cultivated lands southeast of Beersheba, at El Sharia, to El Laqiya, north-east of Beersheba. On the new area at El Laqiya, for the next three years the es-Sani had made it productive to the extent that Israel then declared a quantity of their grain as surplus crop and demanded that it be sold to the Israeli government at a fixed price.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel
The Military Governor of Beersheba, Lt. Colonel Hermann, informed Sheikh El Hajj Ibrahim that Israel was going to establish a settlement at El Laqiya and that his tribe would have to move to Tel Arad. Sheikh El Hajj Ibrahim had then led the es-Sani over the Jordan/Israel ceasefire land rather that move to the inferior land around Tel Arad.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel
The Sheikh's story of the court action was true. On 28 September 1952, under the heading, * 'Bedouin Tribe Moved/' the Israel press announced that "Tribesmen of the Kiderat El Sana Teljaha tribe were last week moved from their former homes at El Laqiya, east of the Beersheba-Hebron road, to a new site at Tel Arad. ... On 15 September, the High Court in Jerusalem issued an order 'nisi* against the Military Governor and the Ministry of Defence against the enforced move of the tribe."


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Continued displacement and dispossession, Negev, es-Sani are returned to Israel
After negotiations lasting days it was arranged for the es-Sani to return to Israel; although the Israelis wanted the es-Sani transported inside Jordan to a point opposite and closer to Tel Arad which the Jordanians refused to do this and it was finally settled that the transfer would be made at the original point of crossing, on the Hebron-Beersheba road.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Encouraged Exodus
The Jewish National Fund under Yosef Weitz actively encouraged Palestinian Arab emigration. In the village of Ar'ara 2,500 dunums (625 acres) were purchased. The purchase price was paid in Jordanian currency and the Palestinian Arabs were then transported to the ceasefire line with their luggage and from there transported to Tulkarem.


1949–1956 Palestinian exodus, Encouraged Exodus, Israeli internal displacement
In 1953, the villages of Raml Zayta who had been transported from near the city Hadera in April 1949 were again transferred when a Kibbutz moved to Zayta and took over the Israeli Arab village land.


1949–50 1re série season
The 1949–50 1re série season was the 29th season of the 1re série, the top level of ice hockey in France. Five teams participated in the league, and Racing Club de France won their first championship.


1949–50 A.C. Milan season
During the 1949-50 season Associazione Calcio Milan competed in Serie A.


1949–50 A.C. Milan season, Summary
For the 1949-50 campaign arrived to the club, thanks to the management talent of President Umberto Trabattoni, in  1948 Olympic Games Swedish players Nils Liedholm  and Gunnar Gren, they were added to the squad along with striker Gunnar Nordahl, actually in Milano since January 1949: a “trio” known as Gre-No-Li. Another transfer in was goalkeeper Lorenzo Buffon. Also, in this season Milan played at Arena Civica meanwhile in San Siro the team played the matches where higher attendances were expected.


1949–50 A.C. Milan season, Summary
This season was best remembered for fans as crucial to the modern Milan era winning titles in years for coming after forty years without a trophy. The squad changed its playing style with a more offensive strategy with spectacular matches instead of physical and defensive tactic. The change of strategy attracted more fans to the stadium and attendances will improve in the next decades.


1949–50 A.C. Milan season, Summary
During 1949-50 Serie A campaign, first season after the Superga disaster, the squad reached the goal scoring record for a single season: 118 goals scored. On 7 February 1950, Milan defeated Juventus 7–1 in Torino, also the first TV broadcasting of a Serie A match. Hungarian coach Lajos Czeizler took the club to the second place five points behind champion Juventus. Swedish striker Nordahl won his first topgoalscorer title “capocannoniere” with 35 goals scored.


1949–50 A.C. Milan season, Summary
During 1949 the club moved its headquarters from "Telegrafo Calciomilano" in Del Lauro 4 to Venezia 36.


1949–50 A.C. Milan season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1949–50 AHL season
The 1949–50 AHL season was the 14th season of the American Hockey League. Ten teams played 70 games each in the schedule. The Cleveland Barons won their seventh F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy as West Division champions. The Indianapolis Capitals and won their second Calder Cup as league champions.


1949–50 AHL season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;


1949–50 AHL season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1949–50 Aberdeen F.C. season
The 1949–50 season was Aberdeen's 38th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 40th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.


1949–50 Al Ahly SC season
The 1949–50 season witnessed a historical superiority for Al Ahly by the golden fifties generation led by Saleh Selim and Toto and Ahmed Makkawi, winning all the local championships. Al Ahly won the Egyptian Premier League after strong competition with Tersana ended with the two teams tying in points. The league winner was decided by a play-off match; Al Ahly clinched the league the after defeating Tersana 2–1 in the play-off. Goals were scored by Toto and Fathi Khattab. Al Ahly also won the Cairo League, one point ahead of Tersana. In the Egypt Cup, Al Ahly Defeated Tersana in the final by a big score 6–0.


1949–50 Al Ahly SC season, Competitions, Egyptian Premier League, League table
(C)= Champions, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; ± = Goal difference; Pts = Points Source: .


1949–50 Al Ahly SC season, Cairo Zone League
Cairo league champion was decided by results of Cairo teams in national league with no separate matches for Cairo league competition.


1949–50 Allsvenskan, Overview
The league was contested by 12 teams, with Malmö FF winning the championship.


1949–50 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1949–50 Allsvenskan was the 16th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. IFK Kristianstad won the league, but the title of Swedish Champions was awarded to the winner of Svenska mästerskapet. IFK Karlskrona and F 11 IF were relegated.


1949–50 Anderson Packers season
The 1949–50 NBA season was the only season for the Anderson Packers in the National Basketball Association (NBA).


1949–50 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Semifinals
(2) Anderson Packers vs. (3) Tri-Cities Blackhawks: Packers win series 2-1


1949–50 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Semifinals
This was the first playoff meeting between the Packers and Blackhawks.


1949–50 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Finals
(1) Indianapolis Olympians vs. (2) Anderson Packers: Packers win series 2-1


1949–50 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, Western Division Finals
This was the first playoff meeting between the Olympians and Packers.


1949–50 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, NBA Semifinals
(1) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (2) Anderson Packers: Lakers win series 2-0


1949–50 Anderson Packers season, Playoffs, NBA Semifinals
This was the first playoff meeting between the Lakers and Packers.


1949–50 Arsenal F.C. season
The 1949–50 season was Arsenal's 30th consecutive season in the top division of English football. They would finish sixth in the league but only four points off champions Portsmouth, with Peter Goring top scoring with 21 Division 1 goals, with Joe Mercer winning the FWA Player of the Year. That season, Arsenal would first have their new crest—emblazoned with the motto "Victoria Concordia Crescit" ("Victory Grows Through Harmony")—used on official club publications. In the FA Cup, Arsenal won the first four ties at Highbury before beating Chelsea after a replay to set up a final against Liverpool.


1949–50 Arsenal F.C. season
The Gunners would dominate the final and win 2–0 thanks to Reg Lewis' double, his fourth and fifth FA Cup goals that season, as Arsenal claimed the cup for the third time in their history—having played every match in London. The club's biggest win in all competitions was 6–0 against Sunderland in the league; in all competitions, Reg Lewis scored the most goals, netting 24.


1949–50 Arsenal F.C. season, Results, FA Cup
Arsenal entered the FA Cup in the third round, in which they were drawn to face Sheffield Wednesday.


1949–50 Austrian football championship, Overview
It was contested by 13 teams, and FK Austria Wien won the championship.


1949–50 Baltimore Bullets season
The 1949–50 Baltimore Bullets season was the first season of the Maryland club in the newly formed National Basketball Association. Coming from two successful seasons in the BAA, including a championship run, this time their 25-43 record would not be sufficient for them to reach the division playoffs. Another change from the previous year was president Robert "Jake" Embry's decision not to televise the Bullets' games. The club would change hands towards the end of the season, to a group of local businessmen.


1949–50 Belgian First Division, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.


1949–50 Birmingham City F.C. season
The 1949–50 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 47th in the Football League and their 28th in the First Division. They were bottom of the 22-team division by the end of August, a position which they retained for all but three weeks of the season, so were relegated to the Second Division for 1950–51. They entered the 1949–50 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost in that round to Swansea Town.


1949–50 Birmingham City F.C. season
Twenty-nine players made at least one appearance in nationally organised competition, and there were nine different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Gil Merrick was ever-present in the 43-game season, and Jimmy Dailey was leading goalscorer with only nine goals, all scored in the league.


1949–50 Blackpool F.C. season
The 1949–50 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 42nd season (39th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing seventh.


1949–50 Blackpool F.C. season
Stan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the sixth consecutive season, with 25 goals (22 in the league and three in the FA Cup).


1949–50 Boston Bruins season
The 1949–50 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 26th season in the NHL.


1949–50 Boston Celtics season
The 1949–50 Boston Celtics season was the fourth season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). This was the last time the Celtics both finished below .500, and missed the playoffs until the 1969–70 season.


1949–50 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The 1949–50 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 37th in the club's history.


1949–50 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The club finished 19th in Division Three North, and reached the 2nd round of the FA Cup.


1949–50 Bradley Braves men's basketball team
The 1949–50 Bradley Braves men's basketball team represented Bradley University in college basketball during the 1949–50 season. The team finished the season with a 32–5 record and were national runners-up to the City College of New York (CCNY) in both the 1950 NCAA Tournament and 1950 National Invitation Tournament. Early on in the NCAA Tournament's days, which began in 1939, teams were allowed to participate in both it and the NIT. The 1949–50 college basketball season is noteworthy in that it is the only year in which a team won both tournaments (CCNY), and the losing team of both championships happened to be Bradley.


1949–50 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1949–50 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Second Division. In his first season as manager, Jackie Gibbons guided the club to a 9th-place finish, a marked improvement on near-relegations in the previous two seasons.


1949–50 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
1949–50 marked the first season since 1925–26 that Brentford would play a full season under the management of someone other than Harry Curtis, with former player Jackie Gibbons having taken over as manager in February 1949. A new-look squad toured Sweden under Gibbons in pre-season, with new forward signings Ken Coote, Jimmy Hill and Dennis Rampling in attendance. Joe Crozier, the team's near-ever-present goalkeeper since September 1937, elected to retire from full-time football and was replaced by his backup, Alf Jefferies.


1949–50 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Brentford had a mixed season in the Second Division, with just three victories in the opening 15 matches leaving the club out of contention for challenging for promotion. A turnaround in form elevated the Bees from 21st place on 5 November 1949, to a season-high 7th on 8 April 1950. Two losses, a win and a draw from the final four matches dropped the club a final position of 9th. Brentford finished the campaign having conceded only 12 league goals at Griffin Park, the best home record in each of the top two divisions.


1949–50 British Home Championship
1949–50 British Home Championship was one of the most significant competitions of the British Home Championship football tournament. This year saw the competition doubling up as Group 1 in the qualifying rounds for the 1950 FIFA World Cup. It was the first time that either England, Wales, Scotland or Ireland (IFA) had entered a World Cup competition. It was also a significant moment in the history of Irish football as it was the last time that the (Northern) Irish Football Association entered a team featuring players born in both Northern Ireland and what is now the Republic of Ireland.


1949–50 British Home Championship
Both England and Scotland began well, the Scots beating Ireland 8–2 at Windsor Park while England beat Wales 4–1 in Cardiff. Both teams continued their dominance in the second round of matches, Scotland beating Wales 2–0 whilst Ireland were again heavily defeated, this time losing 9–2 to England. In the final round of games Ireland and Wales gained some consolation points with a goalless draw while − England took first place by beating Scotland 1–0 in a hard-fought game in Glasgow.


1949–50 British Home Championship, World Cup qualifying
FIFA offered two places at the 1950 FIFA World Cup to the winners and runners up of the competition. However Scotland insisted they would only enter if they won the championship outright and even though they finished second, the Scottish FA declined the opportunity to enter a team in the World Cup finals for the first time. FIFA subsequently offered their place to both France, the runners-up in Group 3 and Ireland (FAI), the runners-up in Group 5. However both teams also declined the invitation. Despite winning the championship, England failed to impress at the World Cup. After defeating Chile 2–0 they then lost 1–0 to both the United States and Spain and failed to qualify for the second stage.


1949–50 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team
Until 1950 there were, in effect, two Ireland teams, chosen by two rival associations. Both associations, the Belfast-based IFA and the Dublin-based FAI claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland and selected players from the whole island. As a result, several notable Irish players from this era played for both teams.


1949–50 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team
The game between the IFA XI and Wales at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham on 8 March 1950 marked the end of an era in Irish football history. The result was irrelevant, as both teams had lost their previous games and had nothing to play for but pride. However, the 0–0 draw saw the IFA XI field an all-Ireland team for the last time. The team included four players - Tom Aherne, Reg Ryan, Davy Walsh and the captain, Con Martin - who were born in what is now the Republic of Ireland.


1949–50 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team
Since this game was also a qualifier for the 1950 FIFA World Cup, the situation led to controversy. All four players had previously played for the FAI XI in their qualifiers. Both Martin and Walsh had even scored for the FAI XI. As a result, the four players actually played for two different associations in the same FIFA World Cup tournament.


1949–50 British Home Championship, Last all-Ireland team
FIFA intervened, after complaints from the FAI, and subsequently restricted players' eligibility based on the political border. In 1953 FIFA ruled neither team could be referred to as Ireland, decreeing that the FAI team be officially designated as the Republic of Ireland, while the IFA team was to become Northern Ireland. The IFA objected and in 1954 were permitted to continue using the name Ireland in the British Home Championship. This practice was discontinued in the late 1970s.


1949–50 British Ice Hockey season
The 1949–50 British Ice Hockey season featured the English National League and Scottish National League.


1949–50 British Ice Hockey season, Scottish Cup, Results
(*Match was 3-2 for Dundee, but the aggregate score was 7:7, so overtime was played to break the tie. After two scoreless 10 minute overtime periods, it was decided to call it a night. The semifinal series was then replayed.)


1949–50 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team
The 1949–50 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1949–50 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Malcolm S. Eiken, coaching his fourth season with the Bulls.


1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team
The 1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team represented the City College of New York. The head coach was Nat Holman, who was one of the game's greatest innovators and playmakers. Unlike today, when colleges recruit players from all over the country, the 1949–50 CCNY team was composed of "kids from the sidewalks of New York City," who had been recruited by Holman's assistant coach Harold "Bobby" Sand from PSAL schools such as Taft, Clinton, Boys, Erasmus, and Franklin High Schools.


1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Background
The team’s starting five was composed of two Black and three Jewish players. The team is the only team to win both the National Invitation Tournament and the NCAA Tournament in the same year, by defeating Bradley University in the championship game of each tournament. The 1950 City team was also the first NCAA champion to have black players in its starting lineup. The players on the team were Ed Warner, Norm Mager, Irwin Dambrot, Alvin "Fats" Roth, Ed Roman, Floyd Layne, Herb Cohen, Ron Nadell, Leroy Watkins, Joe Galiber, and Arthur Glass. Students at CCNY, dubbed the poor man's Harvard because of its lofty academic standards, lived and died with every game, raising arena roofs with their unique school cheer:


1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, Background
"Allagaroo garoo gara,Allagaroo garoo gara,Ee-yah ee-yah,Sis boom bah,Team! Team! Team!"


1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NIT tournament commentary
CCNY had posted a 17-5 record during the regular season, but had failed to attract any support in the final AP Top 20. The team was made up mostly of sophomores and was the last squad selected to play in Madison Square Garden's famed NIT, which had a 12-team field and was at that time more prestigious than the NCAA tournament. People took notice when the Beavers thrashed defending champion San Francisco 65-46 in the opening round. CCNY then faced 3rd ranked and two-time defending NCAA champion Kentucky and their 7-foot center, Bill Spivey, in the second round.


1949–50 CCNY Beavers men's basketball team, NIT tournament commentary
Kentucky was a racially segregated school from the Southeastern Conference, and several Wildcats refused to shake hands with the black and Jewish CCNY players before the game. This incensed the CCNY players, who then proceeded to dismantle the Kentucky team in every aspect of the game. The final score was CCNY 89, Kentucky 50, which was the worst ever defeat for an Adolph Rupp coached team. This win was sweet revenge for the CCNY players, because Rupp was once quoted was as saying that he'd never coach a team with "kikes" and "blacks."