1951 Tour de France, Teams
As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1951 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1951, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 8 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Spain. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: Paris, Île-de-France/North-West, East/South-East and West/South-West. The last team of eight cyclists was made up out of cyclists from the French North African colonies. In the end, Luxembourg only sent 7 cyclists, so altogether this made 123 cyclists. There were 68 French cyclists (of which 1 French-Moroccan and 7 French-Algerian), 12 Italian, 12 Belgian, 8 Dutch, 8 Spanish, 8 Swiss and 7 Luxembourgian cyclists.


1951 Tour de France, Route and stages
The 1951 Tour de France started in Metz; it was the second time after the 1926 Tour de France that the start of the Tour de France was not in or near Paris.


1951 Tour de France, Route and stages
Unlike in previous years, the route was no longer around the perimeter of France, and the Massif Central mountains were visited for the first time. There were two rest days, in Limoges and Montpellier.


1951 Tour de France, Route and stages
The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360 m (7,740 ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 20.


1951 Tour de France, Race overview
On the first stage, Hugo Koblet attacked almost immediately from the start. The peloton got back to him after 40 km (25 mi). Koblet stayed calm for the next stages, until the individual time trial in stage seven, which he won. Initially, Bobet was reported to have won the time trial by one second. Koblet protested against the result, and argued that the intermediate timings showed that Bobet could not have won. The Tour de France jury agreed that Bobet's time was off by one minute, and Koblet was given the stage victory by 59 seconds. Koblet's rival Raphaël Géminiani after the stage said: "If there were two Koblets in the sport I would retire from cycling tomorrow."


1951 Tour de France, Race overview
In the eleventh stage, Koblet attacked after 37 km (23 mi). He was followed by Louis Deprez for a short while, but when Deprez fell back, Koblet was on his own. It was a hot day, and the other cyclists did not believe that Koblet's escape had any chance. When the peloton heard that Koblet was already three minutes ahead, they started to chase him. They worked together for more than 100 km, but couldn't reach Koblet, who won the stage with a margin of more than two and a half minutes. Directly after Koblet finished, he used a stopwatch to measure the time gap, because he did not trust the Tour's time keepers anymore. The other cyclists were amazed that Koblet had been able to defend his lead against all the other cyclists.


1951 Tour de France, Race overview
In the twelfth stage, Dutch cyclist Wim van Est escaped, won the stage and took the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification. He was the first Dutch cyclist to do so. Van Est was inexperienced in the mountains that showed up in the thirteenth stage, but did his best to defend his lead. Going up the Aubisque, Van Est punctured and lost time. He tried to gain back time on the descent by following Magni, a fast descender. Van Est could not follow, and crashed.


1951 Tour de France, Race overview
He remounted and rode down again, but took too much risk and fell down a ravine. His fall was broken by trees, 75 meters down. Spectators helped him to climb back, by handing him a rope made from inner tubes. In the next stage, Van Est fell down a ravine while defending his position, and had to abandon the race. Gilbert Bauvin took over the lead. Géminiani crossed the finish line first in that stage, but he was set back to fourth place by the jury.


1951 Tour de France, Race overview
In the fourteenth stage, Coppi attacked. Koblet punctured, but chased back and reached Coppi, and outsprinted him to win the stage, and thanks to the minute bonification time as stage winner took over the lead. In the sixteenth stage, that seemed not too hard because there were almost no mountains, Coppi collapsed and lost more than half an hour. This was said to be caused by grief over his brother's death, although other accounts said it was because of food poisoning. His teammates and former rivals Gino Bartali and Fiorenzo Magni helped him until the end of the stage.


1951 Tour de France, Race overview
The Mont Ventoux was climbed in the seventeenth stage for the first time in Tour de France history. Bobet escaped and won the stage, while Koblet was able to stay with his competitors. After that stage, second-placed rider Géminiani was no longer trying to beat Koblet, but instead focussed on defending his second place against Bobet. Koblet stayed out of problems for the rest of the race, and won the time trial in the 22nd stage with a large margin; he even overtook Bartali who had started 8 minutes earlier.


1951 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 123 cyclists that started the 1951 Tour de France, 66 finished the race.


1951 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Points for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1950: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Raphaël Géminiani won this classification.


1951 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The team classification was calculated by adding the times in the general classification of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the French team, with a large margin over the Belgian team. The other three teams that started, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and North Africa, did not finish with three cyclists so were not eligible for the team classification. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Lautaret on stage 21. This prize was won by Gino Sciardis. The special award for the best regional rider was won by eighth-placed Gilbert Bauvin.


1951 Tour de France, Aftermath
Hugo Koblet would be unable to defend his title in the 1952 Tour de France, as he was injured. After that, Koblet never reached the heights that he was able to reach in 1951. Second-placed Géminiani said that he regarded himself as the winner, because Koblet did not count because he was not human.


1951 Tour de France, Aftermath
Van Est, who fell down a ravine wearing the leader's yellow jersey, starred in an advert for watch-making company Pontiac, that said "His heart stopped but his Pontiac kept time."


1951 Tour de Romandie
The 1951 Tour de Romandie was the fifth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 3 May to 6 May 1951. The race started and finished in Fribourg. The race was won by Ferdinand Kübler.


1951 Tour de Suisse
The 1951 Tour de Suisse was the 15th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 15 June to 23 June 1951. The race started and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Ferdinand Kübler.


1951 Tour of Flanders
The 35th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 1 April 1951. Italian Fiorenzo Magni won the race with a five-and-a-half minute lead over Frenchman Bernard Gauthier. It was Magni's third consecutive victory in the Tour of Flanders; the first and to date only rider to achieve this feat. 30 of 196 riders finished.


1951 Tour of Flanders, Route
The race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren – totaling 274 km. The course featured four categorized climbs:


1951 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 1951 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1951 college football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Henry Frnka, the Green Wave played their home games at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. Tulane finished the season with an overall record of 4–6 and a mark of 1–5 in conference play, placing last out of 12 teams in the SEC.


1951 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1951 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1951 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach Buddy Brothers, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 9–2 record, 4–0 against conference opponents, and won the Missouri Valley Conference championship. The team's losses were against Cincinnati (35-47) and Arkansas (7-24)


1951 Turkish Football Championship
The 1951 Turkish Football Championship was the 16th and last edition of the competition. It was held in May. Beşiktaş won their fifth national championship title by winning the Final Group in Balıkesir.


1951 Turkish Football Championship
The champions of the three major regional leagues (Istanbul, Ankara, and İzmir) qualified directly for the Final Group. Adana Demirspor qualified by winning the qualification play-off, which was contested by the winners of the regional qualification groups.


1951 Turkish Football Championship
When Turkish football became officially professional in 24 September 1951, the competition continued under the name Turkish Amateur Football Championship, with only amateur teams participating. However, from that year on it was no longer the first tier football championship in Turkey.


1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1951 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 25 August until 5 September. It was the 71st staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.


1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Ken McGregor /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Don Candy /  Mervyn Rose 10–8, 6–4, 4–6, 7–5


1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Shirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Nancy Chaffee /  Patricia Todd 6–4, 6–2


1951 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles
Doris Hart /   Frank Sedgman defeated  Shirley Fry /  Mervyn Rose 6–3, 6–2


1951 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Frank Sedgman defeated Vic Seixas 6–4, 6–1, 6–1 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1951 U.S. National Championships.


1951 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The tournament used two lists of eight players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Frank Sedgman is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1951 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
Fourth-seeded Maureen Connolly defeated Shirley Fry 6–3, 1–6, 6–4 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1951 U.S. National Championships.


1951 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The tournament used two lists for seeding the women's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.


1951 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1951 U.S. Open was the 51st U.S. Open, held June 14–16 at the South Course of Oakland Hills Country Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit. Ben Hogan won his second consecutive U.S. Open title, two strokes ahead of runner-up Clayton Heafner. Hogan missed the 1949 U.S. Open due to an automobile accident; this was his third title in his last three attempts.


1951 U.S. Open (golf)
The South Course, dubbed "The Monster," played exceptionally tough for the first three rounds. No player was able to break par the first two days, and Jimmy Demaret's 70 was the only score to equal par in Saturday morning's third round. Sam Snead owned the first round lead at 71 (+1), while Bobby Locke led after the second round at 144 (+4) and shared the lead with Demaret after the third at 218 (+8).


1951 U.S. Open (golf)
Two strokes back after a 71 in the third round on Saturday morning, Hogan played one of the finest rounds in U.S. Open history that afternoon. Even-par on the front nine, he birdied the 10th and 13th holes. After a bogey at 14, he responded with another birdie at 15. At the 72nd hole, Hogan hit his approach shot on the par-4 to 15 feet (5 m) and sank the birdie putt to post a 67 (−3), the lowest round of the week, one of two sub-par rounds for the round (and championship). His 287 (+7) was two ahead of Heafner, who shot 69, the only other round under 70. At the trophy presentation, Hogan uttered the famous quote: "I'm glad I brought this course—this monster—to its knees."


1951 U.S. Open (golf)
This was the first U.S. Open that was notably toughened up by the USGA with narrow fairways and deep rough, attributing to "The Monster" nickname. The course also underwent a redesign by Robert Trent Jones prior to the championship, modifying the original Donald Ross design.


1951 U.S. Open (golf)
The South Course previously hosted the U.S. Open in 1924 and 1937; the winning score in 1937 was 281, sixteen strokes less than in 1924. It later hosted in 1961, 1985, and 1996, and the PGA Championship in 1972, 1979, and 2008.


1951 U.S. Open (golf)
Since Hogan repeated as champion in 1951, only Curtis Strange (1988, 1989) and Brooks Koepka (2017, 2018) have won consecutive U.S. Open titles.


1951 U.S. Women's Open
The 1951 U.S. Women's Open was the sixth U.S. Women's Open, held September 13–16 at Druid Hills Golf Club in Atlanta, Georgia.


1951 U.S. Women's Open
First-year professional Betsy Rawls, age 23, won the first of her eight major championships, five strokes ahead of runner-up Louise Suggs, the 1949 champion. It was the first of four U.S. Women's Open titles for Rawls, with additional wins in 1953, 1957, and 1960.


1951 U.S. Women's Open
Prior to this event, the LPGA Tour petitioned the United States Golf Association (USGA) to take over the championship, which it did two years later in 1953.


1951 UCI Road World Championships
The 1951 UCI Road World Championships took place in Varese, Italy.


1951 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1951 UCI Road World Championships was the 18th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 2 September 1951 in Varese, Italy. The race was won by Ferdinand Kübler of Switzerland.


1951 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1951 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Milan, Italy from 24 to 28 August 1951. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.


1951 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1951 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) during the 1951 college football season.


1951 UCLA Bruins football team, Game summaries, USC
For the first time, the Bruins defeated the Trojans in consecutive seasons. UCLA won the previous season's game 39–0. Scoring for the Bruins were Don Stalwick, Ike Jones, and Donn Moomaw. Late in the fourth quarter, Jim Sears scored for USC to avoid another shutout.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 26th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The annual totalisator was £65,548,855, a fifth consecutive drop since 1946 but considerably more stable than the significant decreases experienced during 1950. Once again the blame was directed towards the government and their tax policies of 10% tote tax and an additional 45% entertainment tax. Two tracks closed claiming that they could not continue to trade under the current taxation. In January Tamworth Greyhound Stadium and in May White City Stadium (Newcastle), the latter closed after the Managing Director Mr Whatley reported unmanageable figures. The tote receipts were £75,000 of which £47,000 was taken out by taxation. Restrictions on gambling were very much still considered by the government to be in the interests of the general public.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
A record 140 entries were received at the initial stage of the 1951 English Greyhound Derby, Ballylanigan Tanist would go on to win the event.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The first annual competition between tracks was held, called the News of the World National Intertrack championship. Owlerton provided a major shock when winning the competition.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The Welsh Greyhound Derby attracted many stars, with the newly crowned Derby champion Ballylanigan Tanist winning the final by six and a half-lengths from a line-up that included two other Derby finalists in Black Mire (who broke a toe while leading) and Rushton Smutty, in addition to Quare Customer and Derryboy Blackbird. Just one week later the final of the Scottish Greyhound Derby resulted in Rushton Smutty battling hard to defeat Ballylanigan Tanist by just three quarters. The Scurry Gold Cup final went to Defence Leader and featured an appearance by Ballycurren Garrett; the favourite Junes Idol finished a disappointing fifth.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The Laurels and St Leger were next up, with both carrying increased winner's prizes (£1,000) for the St Leger and (£875) for the Wimbledon Stadium event, constituting the second and third best sums on offer behind the Derby. Black Mire stepped up in distance for the St Leger and ran out an easy winner. The anticipated match up against Drastic O'Leer in the final failed to come to fruition, after the latter was withdrawn from the final. Earlier in the year Drastic O'Leer had won nine races in a row before losing in the Longcross Cup final. Ballylanigan Tanist further enhanced his reputation adding the Laurels trophy to his winning record.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Walthamstow Stadium also increased the Grand Prix event to £750 and an extraordinary competition took place after the track record was broken four times. In the heats Ballyoulster Deemster recorded 29.76, followed by Rushton Smutty in 29.74. In the second round Olivers Lad was timed at 29.73 and during the semi-finals Rushton Smutty broke the record again with a 29.70 run before winning the final (his 16 win from his last 18 starts). Scurry champion Defence Leader finished runner up.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Trainer Stan Biss retired and his kennels were taken over by a Pam Heasman and Jimmy Jowett joined Warrington. Biss died the following year, after suffering a stroke.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Hurdle racing finally allowed races with six greyhounds after being sanctioned by the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) with plans to hold the first six runner Grand National the following year, this would be the first time since 1927 that this was allowed.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
At the famous Aldridge's sales the greyhounds of Frank Davis came up for sale, Red Wind was bought for a record 610 guineas by Arthur Roberts of Torquay. This was followed by 1948 Irish Greyhound Derby champion Western Post, who was led from the bench unsold. Roberts's plans for Red Wind were probably flapping (independent racing) because the greyhound could not race under NGRC rules.


1951 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland
Spanish Chestnut was mated with Ballyseedy Memory and in August whelped a large litter of nine, one of the litter was named Spanish Battleship. The fawn brindle dog was reared by Sheila O'Connor sister of Tim O'Connor.


1951 UMass Redmen football team
The 1951 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1951 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Thomas Eck and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1951 season was Eck's last as coach of the Minutemen. UMass finished the season with a record of 3–4–1 overall and 2–0 in conference play.


1951 USAF resolution test chart
A 1951 USAF resolution test chart is a microscopic optical resolution test device originally defined by the U.S. Air Force MIL-STD-150A standard of 1951. The design provides numerous small target shapes exhibiting a stepped assortment of precise spatial frequency specimens. It is widely used in optical engineering laboratory work to analyze and validate imaging systems such as microscopes, cameras and image scanners.


1951 USAF resolution test chart
The full standard pattern consists of 9 groups, with each group consisting of 6 elements; thus there are 54 target elements provided in the full series. Each element consists of three bars which form a minimal Ronchi ruling. These 54 elements are provided in a standardized series of logarithmic steps in the spatial frequency range from 0.250 to 912.3 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). The series of elements spans the range of resolution of the unaided eye, down to the diffraction limits of conventional light microscopy.


1951 USAF resolution test chart
Commercially produced devices typically consist of a transparent square glass slide, 2 inches or 50mm in dimension. The slide is printed in metallic chromium via photolithography with the standard pattern, photographically reduced from a large master plot. Slides are available as photographic positive or negative prints to best fit the illumination technique used in various testing methods. A less expensive, abbreviated version omits the two tiniest groups at the center of the pattern (Group Number 8 and 9), since the lithography at that scale is costly, and the group elements represent resolution beyond the design of many imaging applications.


1951 USAF resolution test chart
In practice, the spatial resolution of an imaging system is measured by simply inspecting the system's image of the slide. The largest element observed without distinct image contrast indicates the approximate resolution limit. This element's label is noted by the observer (each group, and each element within a group, is labeled with a single digit). This pair of digits indicates a given element's row and column location in the series table, which in turn defines the spatial frequency of each element, and thus the available resolution of the system.


1951 USAF resolution test chart
An analytical characterization of resolution as the modulation transfer function is available by plotting the observed image contrast as a function of the various element spatial frequencies. Optical aberrations in the imaging system are readily detected and characterized by translating and rotating the elements within the imaging system's field of view.


1951 USAF resolution test chart, Pattern format
The common MIL-STD-150A format consists of six groups in a compact spiral arrangement of three layers. The largest two groups, forming the first layer, are located on the outer sides. The smaller layers consist of repeating progressively smaller pairs toward the center. Each group consists of six elements, numbered from 1 to 6. Within the same layer, the odd-numbered groups appear contiguously from 1 through 6 from the upper right corner. The first element of the even-numbered groups is at the lower right of the layer, with the remaining 2 through 6, at the left. The scales and dimensions of the bars are given by the expression


1951 USAF resolution test chart, Pattern format
although usually the following lookup table will be more convenient to use. The line pair (lp) means a black and a white line.


1951 USC Trojans baseball team
The 1951 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Trojans played their home games at Bovard Field. The team was coached by Rod Dedeaux in his 10th year at USC.


1951 USC Trojans baseball team
The Trojans won the California Intercollegiate Baseball Association championship, the Pacific Coast Conference Tournament and advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.


1951 USC Trojans football team
The 1951 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California in the 1951 college football season. The Trojans finished the  season with a 7–3 record.


1951 USC Trojans football team, 1952 NFL Draft
The following players were drafted into professional football following the season.


1951 USSR Chess Championship
The 1951 Soviet Chess Championship was the 19th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 11 November to 14 December 1951 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Paul Keres. The final were preceded by quarter-finals events and four semifinals (at Leningrad, Baku, Sverdlovsky and Lvov).


1951 United Kingdom census
The United Kingdom Census 1951 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out on 8 April 1951. It was the first to ask about household amenities and the largest so far attempted in the country.


1951 United Kingdom census
There was no census taken in 1941 due to the Second World War, but the register compiled as a result of the National Registration Act 1939, which was released into the public domain on a subscription basis in 2015 with some redactions, captures many of the same details as a census.


1951 United Kingdom census, Release
The census was conducted under the Census Act 1920 which prohibits disclosure. It is expected, however, that it will be released in 2052. Because there was no census in 1941 and the records from the 1931 census were destroyed, this will be the first census release for thirty years since the 1921 census due to be released in 2022.


1951 United Kingdom general election
The 1951 United Kingdom general election was held twenty months after the 1950 general election, which the Labour Party had won with a slim majority of just five seats. The Labour government called a snap election for Thursday 25 October 1951 in the hope of increasing its parliamentary majority. However, despite winning the popular vote and achieving both the highest-ever total vote (until it was surpassed by the Conservative Party in 1992) and highest percentage vote share, Labour won fewer seats than the Conservative Party.


1951 United Kingdom general election
This election marked the return of Winston Churchill as Prime Minister, and the beginning of Labour's thirteen-year spell in opposition. This was the final general election to be held with George VI as monarch, as he died the following year on 6 February and was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth II. This was also the last election in which the Conservatives did better in Scotland than in England.


1951 United Kingdom general election
The 1951 election was the second one to be covered on BBC Television. On election night, the results were televised from the BBC Lime Grove Studios in London. Graham Hutton, David Butler and H. G. Nicholas headed the election night coverage from 10.15pm until 4.00am on the television service. On the following day, television coverage started at 10.00am and continued throughout the day until 5.00pm.


1951 United Kingdom general election, Background
Clement Attlee had decided to call the election because of the King's concerns that, when leaving the country to go on his planned Commonwealth tour in 1952 with a government that had such a slim majority, there would be a possibility of a change of government in his absence. (As it transpired, the King became too ill to travel and delegated the tour to his daughter Princess Elizabeth shortly before his death in February 1952).


1951 United Kingdom general election, Background
The Labour government, which by now had implemented most of its manifesto from the 1945 election, was beginning to lose cabinet ministers, such as Ernest Bevin and Stafford Cripps due to old age. The Conservative Party, however, after the previous year's election, had more new MPs.


1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign
Labour's manifesto stated that the party "proud of its record, sure in its policies—confidently asks the electors to renew its mandate". It identified four key tasks facing the United Kingdom which it would tackle: the need to work for peace, the need to work to "maintain full employment and to increase production", the need to reduce cost of living, and the need to "build a just society". The manifesto argued that only a Labour government could achieve these tasks. It also contrasted the Britain of 1951 with that of the interwar years (when there had largely been Conservative-led governments), saying this period saw "mass-unemployment; mass fear; mass misery".


1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign
While Labour began to have some policy divisions during the election campaign, the Conservatives ran an efficient campaign that was well-funded and orchestrated. Their manifesto Britain Strong and Free stressed that safeguarding "our traditional way of life" was integral to the Conservative purpose. Significantly, they did not propose to dismantle the welfare state or the National Health Service which the Labour government had established. The manifesto did, however, promise to "stop all further nationalisation" and to repeal the Steel Act introduced by the Labour government.


1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign
As for the Liberal Party, its poor election results in 1950 only worsened; unable to get the same insurance against losses of deposits that it did in the previous year, it was able to field only 109 candidates as opposed to 478 in 1950, and thus posted the worst general election result in the party's history, getting just 2.5% of the vote and winning only six seats. The Liberals' (and later the Liberal Democrats') popular vote total has not fallen so low since, though their lowest total of six seats would be matched in several future elections.


1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign
Four candidates were returned unopposed, all Ulster Unionists in Northern Ireland. This was the last general election in which any candidates were returned unopposed, although there have since been unopposed by-elections.


1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign
The subsequent Labour defeat was significant for several reasons: the party polled almost a quarter of a million votes more than the Conservative Party and its National Liberal Party ally combined; won the most votes that Labour has ever won (as of 2019); and won the most votes of any political party in any election in British political history, a number not surpassed until the Conservative Party's victory in 1992.


1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign
Despite this, the Conservative Party formed the next government with a majority of 17 seats. Under the first past the post electoral system, many Labour votes were "wasted" as part of large majorities for MPs in safe seats.


1951 United Kingdom general election, Campaign
This was the fourth of five elections in the twentieth century where a party lost the popular vote, but won the most seats. The others were January 1910, December 1910, 1929 and February 1974; it also happened in the 1874 election. The 1951 and 1874 elections are the only two examples of a political force winning an overall majority while losing the popular vote.


1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
The 1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 25 October as part of the wider general election with 12 MPs elected in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post.


1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results
The Ulster Unionists lost one seat to Jack Beattie, formerly an Independent Labour MP but now standing for the Irish Labour Party. Four Ulster Unionist candidates were returned unopposed, the last UK general election in which any candidates were so returned.


1951 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results
In the election as a whole, the Labour Party government led by Clement Attlee, which had won with a narrow majority in the previous election, lost out to the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, led by Sir Winston Churchill, who returned as Prime Minister.


1951 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1951, in three states. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi hold their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year.


1951 Uruguayan Primera División, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Peñarol won the championship.


1951 Uruguayan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 16 December 1951. The proposed amendments to the constitution were approved by 54% of voters.


1951 Uruguayan constitutional referendum, Proposals
The proposed changes to the constitution were presented to the General Assembly on 31 June 1951. The Chamber of Deputies approved it by a vote of 85 to 14 on 10 October, whilst the Senate approved it by a vote of 26 to 4 on 26 October.


1951 Uruguayan constitutional referendum, Aftermath
The colegiado system was reintroduced prior to the 1954 general elections.


1951 Utah Redskins baseball team
The 1951 Utah Redskins baseball team represented the University of Utah in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Redskins played their home games at Derks Field. The team was coached by Pete Carlston in his 2nd year at Utah.


1951 Utah Redskins baseball team
The Redskins won the District VII playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.


1951 Utah Redskins football team
The 1951 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1951 college football season.


1951 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft
Utah had two players selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.


1951 Utah State Aggies football team
The 1951 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coach John Roning, the Aggies compiled a 3–5–1 record (2–4–1 against Skyline opponents), finished sixth in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 183 to 161.


1951 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
The first Legislative Assembly elections were held in Uttar Pradesh in 1951. The Indian National Congress won by a comfortable margin with 388 of the 430 Vidhan Sabha seats.


1951 VFA season
The 1951 Victorian Football Association season was the 70th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Prahran Football Club, after it defeated Port Melbourne by nine points in the Grand Final on 6 October. It was Prahran's second VFA premiership.


1951 VFA season, Association membership
For the first time since 1929, the membership of the Association changed, expanding from twelve clubs to fourteen. The Association saw itself in a strong enough position to provide the opportunity for top level senior football in the booming outer suburbs which were experiencing strong post-war growth. In August 1950, the Association delegates unanimously voted to admit two new clubs for 1951:


1951 VFA season, Premiership
The home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page–McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.


1951 VFL Grand Final
The 1951 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Geelong Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 29 September 1951. It was the 55th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1951 VFL season.


1951 VFL Grand Final, The match, Geelong
The match, attended by 84,109 spectators, was won by Geelong by 11 points (the club's fourth premiership). The win by Geelong — its first since winning the 1937 VFL Grand Final — capped off a brilliant season; the team won the Minor Premiership, its back-pocket, Bernie Smith, won the Brownlow Medal, and its full-forward, George Goninon, was the league's leading goalkicker.


1951 VFL Grand Final, The match, Essendon
This was the sixth successive Grand Final appearance for Essendon, the reigning premiers, who were attempting to win three successive flags, after having defeated Carlton in the 1949 VFL Grand Final and North Melbourne in the 1950 VFL Grand Final.


1951 VFL Grand Final, The match, Essendon
Essendon went into the match without star full-forward John Coleman who had been suspended in controversial circumstances for four matches. On the day of the match, champion ruckman John Gill had a heavy cold and declared himself unfit to play. At the last minute, the Essendon coach, Dick Reynolds, who had retired the year before, was re-registered as a player; Fred Payne replaced Gill in the run-on team, and Reynolds became 19th Man.


1951 VFL Lightning Premiership
The 1951 VFL Lightning Premiership was an Australian rules football knockout competition played entirely on Wednesday, 9 May. It was played on the Jubilee Day holiday, held to celebrate 50 years of Federation of Australia, between rounds 3 and 4 of the Victorian Football League's 1951 season with all games played at the MCG. This was the fourth time a lightning premiership had been contested in the VFL, the first since 1943. It was contested by the 12 VFL teams who competed in the 1951 VFL season. A total of 25,882 people attended the competition. Collingwood won its second Lighting Premiership competition defeating Melbourne in the final by 6 points.


1951 VFL season
The 1951 Victorian Football League season was the 55th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.


1951 VFL season, Premiership season
In 1951, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.


1951 VFL season, Premiership season
Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 7.


1951 VFL season, Premiership season
Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1951 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system.


1951 VMI Keydets football team
The 1951 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1951 college football season. The team was Southern Conference co-champion.


1951 VPI Gobblers football team
The 1951 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1951 college football season. The team was led by their first-year head coach Frank Moseley and finished with a record of two wins and eight losses (2–8).


1951 VPI Gobblers football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1951 football team according to the roster published in the 1952 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.


1951 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
The 1951 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1951 college football season. The team's head coach was Bill Edwards, who was in his third season as the Commodores' head coach. Members of the Southeastern Conference, the Commodores played their home games at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee.


1951 Venezuelan Primera División season
The 1951 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 6 teams. The national champions were Universidad Central.


1951 Vermont Catamounts football team
The 1951 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach John C. Evans, the team compiled a 0–7 record.


1951 Villanova Wildcats football team
The 1951 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1951 college football season. The head coach was Art Raimo, coaching his first season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.


1951 Vincentian general election
General elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 1951. The result was a victory for the Eighth Army of Liberation, which won all eight seats. Voter turnout was 69.7%.


1951 Virginia Cavaliers football team
The 1951 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1951 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by sixth-year head coach Art Guepe and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They finished with 8 wins for the second consecutive year, and were invited to play in the Orange Bowl, but University President Colgate Darden declined the invitation. Virginia was ranked 13th in the final AP Poll of the season, the first ranked finish in school history. It is to date the school's highest finish in a final poll.


1951 Volta a Catalunya
The 1951 Volta a Catalunya was the 31st edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 13 September to 23 September 1951. The race started in Sant Esteve Sesrovires and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Primo Volpi.


1951 WANFL season
The 1951 WANFL season was the 67th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.


1951 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
The 1951 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1951 college football season. The team compiled a 6–4 record and finished in a tie for seventh place in the Southern Conference. After 14 seasons under head coach Peahead Walker, Tom Rogers took over as head coach in 1951.


1951 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team
End Jack Lewis and tackle Bill George were selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1951 All-Southern Conference football team.


1951 Walker Cup
The 1951 Walker Cup, the 13th Walker Cup Match, was played on 11 and 12 May 1951, at Royal Birkdale Golf Club, Southport, Lancashire, England. The United States won by 6 matches to 3 with 3 matches halved.


1951 Walker Cup, Format
Four 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.


1951 Walker Cup, Teams
Great Britain & Ireland had a team of 10 plus a non-playing captain. The United States only selected a team of 9, which included a playing captain. Frank Deighton was in the Great Britain & Ireland team but was not selected for any matches.


1951 Walker Cup, Friday's foursomes
Jimmy Bruen, who was paired with John Llewellyn Morgan, had a recurrence of a wrist injury during his match. The match was close until the 8th hole on the afternoon round but, with Bruen's wrist getting worse, the American pair of Turnesa and Urzetta then won 6 holes in a row to win 5&4. Bruen withdrew from the singles.


1951 Washington Huskies football team
The 1951 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1951 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Howard Odell, the team compiled a 3–6–1 record, finished in seventh place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 273 to 218. Ted Holzknecht was the team captain.


1951 Washington Huskies football team, Game summaries, USC
The highlight of the 1951 contest came in the fourth quarter when Hugh McElhenny returned a punt from Des Koch for 100 yards, running past Frank Gifford on his way to the end zone.


1951 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections
Two University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.


1951 Washington Redskins season
The 1951 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 20th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 14th in Washington, D.C.. The team improved on their 3–9 record from 1950 and finished 5-7.


1951 Washington Redskins season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1951 Washington Redskins season, Standings
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1951 Washington Senators season
The 1951 Washington Senators won 62 games, lost 92, and finished in seventh place in the American League. They were managed by Bucky Harris and played home games at Griffith Stadium.


1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 Washington State Cougars football team
The 1951 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1951 college football season. Second-year head coach Forest Evashevski led the team to a 4–3 mark in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and 7–3 overall.


1951 Washington State Cougars football team
Three home games were played on campus in Pullman at Rogers Field, and two in Spokane, both at night. The Cougars defeated rival Washington by two points for their first win in Seattle in 21 years, and were in the top twenty in both final polls.


1951 Washington State Cougars football team
After the season, Evashevski left for Iowa in early January, and backs coach Al Kircher was promoted the following week.


1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.


1951 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
On 7 October 1951, Mount Sion won the championship after a 7-08 to 0-09 defeat of Dungarvan in the final. This was their 8th championship title overall and their first title since 1949.


1951 Wayne Tartars football team
The 1951 Wayne Tartars football team represented Wayne University (later renamed Wayne State University) as an independent during the 1951 college football season. Under second-year head coach Louis F. Zarza, the team compiled a 5–4 record.


1951 West Virginia Mountaineers football team
The 1951 West Virginia Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented West Virginia University in the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Art Lewis, the team compiled a 5–5 record (2–3 against SoCon opponents), tied for 10th place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 225 to 190. The team played its home games at Mountaineer Field in Morgantown, West Virginia. James Danter and Kereazis Konstantinos were the team captains.


1951 Western Michigan Broncos football team
The 1951 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1951 college football season. In their 10th season under head coach John Gill, the Broncos compiled a 4–4 record (0–4 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents, 164 to 160. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.


1951 Western Michigan Broncos football team
Tackle Bill Pitkin was the team captain. Offensive guard Ron Gow received the team's most outstanding player award.


1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team
The 1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University in the American city of Cleveland, Ohio, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1951 college football season. The Red Cats were a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).


1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team
The team was coached by Edward L. Finnigan and assisted by Wes Stevens.


1951 Western Reserve Red Cats football team
As the new home stadium, the expanded Clarke Field officially opened October 6, 1951 against the Kent State Golden Flashes. The new stadium had a capacity of 10,000 and the press box accommodated 100.


1951 Western Samoan general election
General elections were held in Western Samoa on 27 April 1951. Although the 1948 elections had been fought by two political parties, the 1951 elections saw all candidates run as independents.


1951 Western Samoan general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Assembly included twelve Samoans elected by the Fono of Faipule and five Europeans members directly elected by people with European status, which included people of mixed European and Samoan descent. Prior to the elections, Chinese residents had been granted European status, with 164 registering to vote.


1951 Westhoughton by-election
The Westhoughton by-election took place on 21 June 1951. The contest followed the resignation of the sitting Labour Party Member of Parliament, Rhys Davies.


1951 Westhoughton by-election
In April 1951 Davies, who had held the Westhoughton constituency in south Lancashire for thirty years, announced that he would not be standing for parliament again. At the time he was Labour's longest serving MP. He subsequently resigned from the Commons due to ill health, and the writ to hold a by-election to fill the vacancy was moved on 31 May. At the time of Davies's resignation, the Labour Party held a slim majority of only five seats, following the 1950 general election. Davies had secured a majority of nearly 12,000 votes over the Conservatives in 1950.


1951 Westhoughton by-election
Nominations for the by-election closed on 12 June, and there were only two candidates: Tom Price, the forty-eight-year-old chief legal officer of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers for the Labour Party; and Frank J. Land, a thirty-eight-year-old master baker from Bolton for the Conservatives.


1951 Westhoughton by-election
Price belonged to the same trades union as Davies, and had strong connections with south Lancashire. Land was a member of the Bolton Chamber of Trade, and vice-chairman of Bolton Young Conservatives. On 14 June, Winston Churchill, Conservative leader, issued a statement in support of Land and attacking the Labour government who he blamed for the fall in the value of the pound. Price campaigned on the record of the Labour government, claiming it had done a great deal to improve the life of ordinary people. Land called for an end to nationalisation of industries, claiming this led to higher prices. Both candidates supported a programme of building large numbers of council houses.


1951 Westhoughton by-election, Results
Price retained the seat comfortably for the government, although with a reduced majority:


1951 Wichita Shockers football team
The 1951 Wichita Shockers football team was an American football team that represented Wichita University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its first season under head coach Robert S. Carlson, the team compiled a 2–7 record (2–4 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 200 to 74. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.


1951 Wightman Cup
The 1951 Wightman Cup was the 23rd edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the Longwood Cricket Club, Chestnut Hills, Massachusetts, United States.


1951 William & Mary Indians football team
The 1951 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1951 college football season. The season was notable for a scandal that involved former head coach Rube McCray tampering with football players' transcripts and credits to enable NCAA eligibility.


1951 Wimbledon Championships
The 1951 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 25 June until Saturday 7 July 1951. It was the 65th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1951. Dick Savitt and Doris Hart won the singles titles; Hart also won both the women's doubles and mixed doubles, completing the triple crown.


1951 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Ken McGregor /  Frank Sedgman defeated  Jaroslav Drobný /  Eric Sturgess, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3


1951 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Shirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Louise Brough /  Margaret duPont, 6–3, 13–11


1951 Wimbledon Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Frank Sedgman /  Doris Hart defeated  Mervyn Rose /  Nancye Bolton, 7–5, 6–2


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' Singles
Johann Kupferburger defeated Kamel Moubarek in the final, 8–6, 6–4 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' Singles
Lorna Cornell defeated Silvana Lazzarino in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles
John Bromwich and Adrian Quist were the defending champions, but did not compete.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles
Ken McGregor and Frank Sedgman defeated Jaroslav Drobný and Eric Sturgess in the final, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championship.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles
In the 1951 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's Singles tennis competition, Dick Savitt defeated Ken McGregor in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 to win the title. He was the second ever American to win the Wimbledon and Australian tournaments in the same year. Number 4 seed Budge Patty was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to another American, the unseeded 17-year-old Ham Richardson.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, Progress of the competition
After defeating Patty, Richardson went out in the fourth round, losing to another unseeded player, the Brazilian Armando Vieira; this was Vieira's most successful Wimbledon, but he lost in the quarterfinals to South Africa's Eric Sturgess, a former world number one, in straight sets. McGregor reached the final by defeating Sturgess in the semifinals.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles
Eric Sturgess and Louise Brough were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Mervyn Rose and Nancye Bolton.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles
Frank Sedgman and Doris Hart defeated Rose and Bolton in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles
Shirley Fry and Doris Hart defeated the defending champions Louise Brough and Margaret duPont in the final, 6–3, 13–11 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles
Doris Hart defeated Shirley Fry in the final, 6–1, 6–0 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1951 Wimbledon Championships. Louise Brough was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Fry.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.


1951 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
Pat Todd withdrew before the tournament began. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Madzy Couquerque.


1951 Wisconsin Badgers football team
The 1951 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season.


1951 Wisła Kraków season
The 1951 season was Wisła Kraków's 43rd year as a club. Wisła was under the name of Gwardia Kraków.


1951 Women's British Open Squash Championship
The 1951 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 5–11 February 1951. Janet Morgan won her second title defeating Joan Curry in a repeat of the 1950 final.


1951 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds
A V M Isaac  Marjorie Townsend  Helen Lacy-Hulbert  Rachel Byrne


1951 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Draw and results, First round
denotes seed *Mrs Audrey Bayes (Wal 4*) withdrew because of influenza


1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the third edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Paris, France from 15 to 22 September 1951.


1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format
The tournament was played in two different stages. In the first stage, the six participants were divided into two groups of three teams. The winners and runners-up of each group advanced to a second stage of a single group containing four teams. All groups in both stages played a single round-robin format.


1951 Women's Western Open
The 1951 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at Whitemarsh Valley Country Club, which was the 22nd edition of the event. Patty Berg won the championship in match play competition by defeating Pat O'Sullivan in the final match, 2-up.


1951 Woolwich East by-election
The Woolwich East by-election of 14 June 1951 was held after the death of Labour MP Ernest Bevin. The seat was safe, having been won at the 1950 United Kingdom general election by over 12,000 votes


1951 World Fencing Championships
The 1951 World Fencing Championships were held in Stockholm, Sweden.


1951 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.


1951 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1951 championships took place on February 23–25 in Milan, Italy. It was the first year after World War II that athletes from Germany and Japan were allowed to participate in international sport competition as this World Figure Skating Championships.


1951 World Figure Skating Championships, Results, Ladies
*: better placed due to the majority of the better placings


1951 World Series
The 1951 World Series matched the two-time defending champion New York Yankees against the New York Giants, who had won the National League pennant in a thrilling three-game playoff with the Brooklyn Dodgers on the legendary home run by Bobby Thomson (the Shot Heard 'Round the World).


1951 World Series
In the Series, the Yankees showed some power of their own, including Gil McDougald's grand slam home run in Game 5, at the Polo Grounds. The Yankees won the Series in six games, for their third straight title and 14th overall. This would be the last World Series for Joe DiMaggio, who retired afterward, and the first for rookies Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle.


1951 World Series
This was the last Subway Series the Giants played in. Both teams would meet again eleven years later after the Giants relocated to San Francisco. They have not played a World Series against each other since. This was the first World Series announced by Bob Sheppard, who was in his first year as Yankee Stadium's public address announcer. It was also the first World Series to be televised exclusively by one network (NBC) as well as the first to be televised nationwide, as coaxial cable had recently linked both coasts.


1951 World Series, Background
This World Series also matched up two of baseball's most colorful managers, Casey Stengel of the Yankees and Leo Durocher of the Giants.


1951 World Series, Background
This was the 13th appearance by the Giants in Series play, their ninth loss, and their first appearance since the 1937 World Series.


1951 World Series, Background
"The Commerce Comet arrives on the final voyage of the Yankee Clipper." (On the Yankees' side, the 1951 World Series was the first for Mickey Mantle and the final for Joe DiMaggio.)


1951 World Series, Background
Mantle's bad luck with injuries in the Major Leagues began here. In the fifth inning of Game 2 at Yankee Stadium, Mays flied to deep right center. DiMaggio and Mantle converged on the ball, DiMaggio called Mantle off, and Mantle stutter-stepped, catching a cleat in a drain cover, and fell to the ground in a heap with a wrenched knee as DiMaggio made the catch. Mantle was done for this Series, but would come back to play many more.


1951 World Series, Background
New York City became the first city to host an NBA Finals and a World Series in the same calendar year.


1951 World Series, Summary
AL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL New York Giants (2)


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 1
Monte Irvin's daring baserunning got the Giants off to a fast start in this New York – New York series. He singled in the first inning, sped to third on Whitey Lockman's RBI single, then stole home off Yankee starter Allie Reynolds. The Yankees cut the Giants' lead to 2–1 in the second when Gil McDougald doubled with one out off Dave Koslo and scored on Jerry Coleman's single. The scored remained that way until the sixth when Alvin Dark's three-run home run gave the Giants a commanding 5–1 lead. Koslo pitched a complete game to give the Giants a 1–0 series lead.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
The first three batters Larry Jansen faced were Mickey Mantle, Phil Rizzuto and Gil McDougald, all of whom singled for a quick 1-0 Yankee lead. It could have been worse, but the next batter Joe DiMaggio bounced into a 6-4-3 double play and Yogi Berra struck out. The next inning, Joe Collins's home run extended the Yankees' lead to 2–0. Monte Irvin scored in the seventh, tagging and coming home on pinch-hitter Bill Rigney's bases-loaded sacrifice fly, as the Giants got within 2–1.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 2
But winning pitcher Eddie Lopat, who pitched a complete game, helped himself to an insurance run with an RBI single in the eighth after Bobby Brown hit a leadoff single and moved to second on a groundout off George Spencer. The Yankees' 3–1 win tied the series shifting to the Polo Grounds.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 3
The Giants struck first in Game 1 when Bobby Thomson hit a leadoff double and scored on Willie Mays's single in the second, then a five-run fifth inning was the undoing of Yankee starter Vic Raschi. Eddie Stanky walked with one out, moved to third on an error, and scored on Al Dark's single. After a Hank Thompson single, another error on Monte Irvin's fielder's choice allowed another run to score and put two on, then a Whitey Lockman three-run home run gave Giants starter Jim Hearn a comfortable 6–0 lead. The Yankees scored a run in the eighth on a bases-loaded walk to Joe Collins, then in the ninth on Gene Woodling's home run off Sheldon Jones, who retired the next two batters to end the game and give the Giants a 2–1 series lead.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
The Giants struck first in Game 4 when Al Dark doubled with one out in the first off Allie Reynolds and scored on Monte Irvin's single, but the Yankees tied the game in the second on Joe Collins's RBI single with two on off Sal Maglie. After a single and walk, Reynolds's RBI single in the fourth put the Yankees up 2–1. Joe DiMaggio's first home run of the Series followed a Yogi Berra single in the fifth extended their lead to 4–1.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 4
In the seventh, reliever Sheldon Jones allowed a single and walk, then an error on a pickoff attempt allowed one run to score before Gil McDougald's RBI single made it 6–1 Yankees. Reynolds allowed a one-out RBI single to Bobby Thomson in the ninth before getting Willie Mays to hit into the game-ending double play as the Yankees tied the series with a 6–2 win.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
The Giants struck first in Game 5 when Al Dark singled with one out in the first and scored on Monte Irvin's single aided by left fielder Gene Woodling's error, but starter Eddie Lopat kept them scoreless for the rest of the game while the Yankees hammered Larry Jansen, Monty Kennedy and George Spencer. After two one-out walks in the third, Joe DiMaggio's RBI single tied the game, then after an intentional walk loaded the bases, Gil McDougald's grand slam off Jansen put the Yankees up 5–1.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 5
Next inning, Phil Rizzuto's home run off Kennedy after a walk extended their lead to 7–1. In the sixth, Rizzuto singled off Spencer before Yogi Berra's single and Johnny Mize's double scored a run each, making it 9–1 Yankees. In the seventh, a bases-loaded walk to Rizzuto forced in a run, then Al Corwin threw a wild pitch that let another run score before DiMaggio's two-run double capped the game's scoring at 13–1 Yankees, who were a win away from the World Series championship as the series returned to Yankee Stadium.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
The Yankees struck first in Game 6 on Gil McDougald's bases-loaded sacrifice fly in the first off Dave Koslo. The Giants tied the game in the fifth off Vic Raschi when Willie Mays hit a leadoff single, moved two bases on a wild pitch and sacrifice fly, and scored on Eddie Stanky's sacrifice fly. Playing right field in place of Mickey Mantle, Hank Bauer benefited from a tricky Yankee Stadium wind—as well as the umpire's generous call of a ball on Dave Koslo's two-strike pitch—to belt a bases-loaded triple in the sixth inning that would be the difference.


1951 World Series, Matchups, Game 6
Bauer also ensured that the lead held up. Trailing 4–1 in the ninth, the Giants loaded the bases with no outs on three singles off Johnny Sain. Enter reliever Bob Kuzava, acquired in June from the Washington Senators. After two sacrifice flies and the score now 4–3, pinch hitter Sal Yvars hit a sinking liner to right. The stadium crowd gasped as Bauer momentarily lost the ball in the crowd's white shirts and the shadows. But he located it again and charged forward. Bauer, who played in nine World Series and always came through when it mattered most, slid on his knees to catch the ball inches off the ground to end the game and the 1951 World Series. Game 6 was the last baseball game ever played by Joe DiMaggio.


1951 World Series, Composite line score
1951 World Series (4–2): New York Yankees (A.L.) over New York Giants (N.L.)


1951 World Snooker Championship
The 1951 World Snooker Championship was a professional snooker tournament. The final was held at the Tower Circus in Blackpool, England.


1951 World Snooker Championship
For the fifth consecutive year, the final was contested by Fred Davis and Walter Donaldson. Davis won his third World title by defeating Donaldson 58–39 in the final. Donaldson made the highest break of the tournament with 106 in frame 32 of his semi-final match against Horace Lindrum.


1951 World Snooker Championship
After defeating the then 42-year-old Sidney Smith — runner-up in the 1938 and 1939 championships — in the quarter-finals, the 15-year younger John Pulman reached the semi-finals, where he played against the eventual winner Fred Davis, before he retired and gave Davis an early bye into the final.


1951 World Snooker Championship, Qualifying
John Barrie met Sydney Lee at Burroughes Hall in London from 6 to 8 November. Barrie led 7–5 after the first day  and 15–9 after two days. He made a break of 101 on the second evening. He eventually won 23–12. Barrie then met Dickie Laws on the following three days also at Burroughes Hall. Barrie took an 8–4 lead, increased to a winning 18–6 lead after two days. The final score was 27–8.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Vienna from March 2 to March 11, 1951.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Doubles was the 18th edition of the men's doubles championship. Bohumil Váňa and Ivan Andreadis won the title after defeating József Kóczián and Ferenc Sidó in the final by three sets to nil.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles was the 18th edition of the men's singles championship.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Singles
Johnny Leach defeated Ivan Andreadis in the final, winning three sets to one to secure the title.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 18th edition of the men's team championship.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's Team
Czechoslovakia won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-4 in the decisive final group match. Yugoslavia won a bronze medal after finishing third in the final group.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles was the 18th edition of the mixed doubles championship.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Mixed Doubles
Bohumil Váňa and Angelica Rozeanu defeated Vilim Harangozo and Ermelinde Wertl in the final by three sets to nil.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Doubles was the 17th edition of the women's doubles championship. The twin sisters Diane Rowe and Rosalind Rowe defeated Sári Szász and Angelica Rozeanu in the final by three sets to two.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Singles was the 18th edition of the women's singles championship. Angelica Rozeanu defeated Gizi Farkas in the final by three sets to nil, to win the title.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
The 1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 11th edition of the women's team championship.


1951 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's Team
Romania won the gold medal defeating Austria 3-1 in the final. England and Wales won bronze medals after finishing second in their respective groups.


1951 World Weightlifting Championships
The 1951 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Palazzo del Ghiaccio, Milan, Italy from October 26 to October 28, 1951. There were 62 men in action from 14 nations.


1951 World Wrestling Championships
The 1951 World Freestyle Wrestling Championship were held in Helsinki, Finland.


1951 Wyoming Cowboys football team
The 1951 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Cowboys compiled a 7–2–1 record (5–1–1 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 220 to 82.


1951 Xavier Musketeers football team
The 1951 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Ed Kluska, the team compiled a 9–0–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 305 to 46. The team played its home games at Xavier Stadium in Cincinnati.


1951 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1951 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1951 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by fourth-year head coach Herman Hickman, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 2–5–2 record.


1951 Yugoslav Cup
The 1951 Yugoslav Cup was the 5th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije; Macedonian: Куп на Југославија, Slovene: Pokal Jugoslavije), also known as the "Marshal Tito Cup" (Kup Maršala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.


1951 Yugoslav Cup, Calendar
The Yugoslav Cup was a tournament for which clubs from all tiers of the football pyramid were eligible to enter. In addition, amateur teams put together by individual Yugoslav People's Army garrisons and various factories and industrial plants were also encouraged to enter, which meant that each cup edition could have several thousands of teams in its preliminary stages. These teams would play through a number of qualifying rounds before reaching the first round proper, in which they would be paired with top-flight teams.


1951 Yugoslav Cup, First round
In the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.


1951 Yugoslav First Basketball League
The 1951 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 7th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.


1951 Yugoslav First League
The First Federal League of Yugoslavia of 1951 (Prva savezna liga Jugoslavije), colloquially known as the Yugoslav First League of 1951, was the highest tier football competition played in communist Yugoslavia during 1951.


1951 Yugoslav Second League
The 1951 Yugoslav Second League season was the 5th season of the Second Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Druga savezna liga), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946.


1951 Yugoslav Second League, Teams
A total of sixteen teams contested the league, including six sides from the 1950 season, one club relegated from the 1950 Yugoslav First League and nine sides promoted from the third tier leagues played in the 1950 season. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 30 rounds. Two points were awarded for a win and one point for draws.


1951 Yugoslav Second League, Teams
Budućnost were relegated from the 1950 Yugoslav First League after finishing in the 10th place of the league table, while 9th placed Spartak Subotica were allowed to stay in the top level after Naša Krila Zemun were dissolved. The four clubs promoted directly to the second level were Dinamo Pančevo, Radnički Belgrade, Velež and NK Zagreb, while Bokelj, Proleter Zrenjanin, Rabotnički, Rudar Trbovlje and Tekstilac achieved this through qualifications. At the end of the season there were no teams relegated as the league changed its format.


1951 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League
The 1951 Yugoslav Women's Basketball League is the 7th season of the Yugoslav Women's Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in Yugoslavia for women's. Championships is played in 1951 and played six teams. Champion for this season is Crvena zvezda.


1951 Zentropa Cup
The 1951 edition of Mitropa Cup was unofficial and only for this tournament was named Zentropa Cup. The tournament crushed by the contemporary and most prestigious Latin Cup and Rio Cup, which eluded the national champions club, was won by the Austrians of Rapid Wien.


1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan
The anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan took place in spring and summer, 1951, in Eastern Kazakhstan (part of the Soviet Union at the time), upon ethnic tensions between mainly ethnic Russians and deported Chechens. A blood libel rumor, according to which the Chechens allegedly use "Christian blood in their rituals" may also have contributed to the escalation of events. The riots occurred in 3 cities - Leninogorsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk and Zyryanovsk.


1951 anti-Chechen pogrom in Eastern Kazakhstan
The main riots took place on April 10, 1951, in the Chechen-city neighbourhood of Leninogorsk. The riots, led by groups of amnestied criminals upon the Chechen civilians led to the deaths of 40-41 people, mainly of North Caucasian origins. Arrests were late made by Soviet authorities on initiators and 50 people from among the criminals were persecuted by courts, though no riot leaders were identified.


1951 college football season
The 1951 college football season finished with seven unbeaten major college teams, of which five were unbeaten and untied. Ultimately, the Tennessee Volunteers were voted the best team by the Associated Press, followed by the Michigan State Spartans, with the Vols having a plurality of first place votes (139 to 104). Tennessee lost in the Sugar Bowl to the equally undefeated and untied No. 3 Maryland Terrapins, but the postseason games were not taken into account by the major polls. Tennessee, Michigan State, and Illinois all claim national championships for 1951.


1951 college football season
During the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the college football teams that would later be described as "Division I-A". The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of "wire service" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the "unofficial" national champions. The AP poll in 1951 consisted of the votes of as many as 307 sportswriters.


1951 college football season
Though not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the ten best teams. Under a point system of 10 points for first place, 9 for second, etc., the "overall" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained "unbeaten and untied" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20. Generally, the top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).


1951 college football season, September
In the preseason poll released on September 24, 1951, Tennessee and Michigan State were ranked first and second, with Tennessee having 60 of the 115 first place votes. MSU had opened its season on the 22nd with a 6–0 win over Oregon State. They were followed by No. 3 Ohio State, defending champion No. 4 Oklahoma, and No. 5 California (which had won its opener against Santa Clara, 34–0). As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.


1951 college football season, September
On September 14, the Central Missouri Jules played the Southwestern Moundbuilders in the rejected touchdown game where Southwestern's head coach Harold Hunt "rejected" a touchdown awarded by officials because his player stepped out of bounds.


1951 college football season, September
On September 29 No. 1 Tennessee beat Mississippi State 14–0. No. 2 Michigan State won at Michigan, 25–0, to take the top spot from the Vols. No. 3 Ohio State beat visiting SMU 7–0 in a win not deemed good enough to stay in the top five. No. 4 Oklahoma beat William & Mary 49–7. No. 5 California won in Philadelphia against Penn, 35–0, and rose to second in the next poll. The game was broadcast in New York in a test for color television   Notre Dame, which had beaten Indiana 48–6, rose to fifth. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.California 3.Tennessee 4.Oklahoma 5.Notre Dame


1951 college football season, October
October 6 No. 1 Michigan State won at Ohio State, 24–20. No. 2 California beat Minnesota, 55–14. No. 3 Tennessee beat Duke 26–0. No. 4 Oklahoma lost at No. 10 Texas A&M, 14–7 and fell out of the top bracket, and the Aggies took their place. No. 5 Notre Dame had beaten Mercy College of Detroit, 40–6, the night before. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.California 3.Tennessee 4.Texas A&M 5.Notre Dame


1951 college football season, October
October 13 No. 1 Michigan State had trouble in defeating Marquette 20–14. No. 2 California beat Washington State 42–35 and took over the top spot from the Spartans in the next poll. No. 3 Tennessee beat the University of Chattanooga (now UT Chattanooga, but athletically branded simply as "Chattanooga") 42–13. No. 4 Texas A&M beat Trinity College 53–14 and fell from the top five. No. 5 Notre Dame lost to visiting SMU, 27–20. Taking the places of the Aggies and the Irish were No. 6 Texas (which had beaten Oklahoma in Dallas, 9–7) and No. 8 Georgia Tech (which had beaten LSU 25–7). The poll: 1.California 2.Tennessee 3.Michigan State 4.Texas 5.Georgia Tech


1951 college football season, October
October 20 In Los Angeles, No. 1 California and USC, both unbeaten at 4–0–0, faced off, and the Golden Bears lost the game, along with the top spot in the poll, 21–14. Earlier, in Birmingham, No. 2 Tennessee defeated Alabama 27–13. No. 3 Michigan State won at Penn State, 32–21. No. 4 Texas lost at Arkansas, 16–14. No. 5 Georgia Tech defeated Auburn 27–7. Appearing in the top five were No. 8 Illinois (which had a 27–20 win over Washington) and No. 7 Maryland (which had beaten North Carolina 14–7). The poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State 3.Georgia Tech 4.Illinois 5.Maryland


1951 college football season, October
Another significant game on this date, though for a far different reason, was the Drake–Oklahoma A&M matchup. Then-unbeaten Drake was led by quarterback Johnny Bright, who was leading the nation in total offense at the time and had been touted as a Heisman Trophy candidate. Two years earlier, he had been the first black player to appear in a game at A&M's home field, without incident. The same could not be said about this game.


1951 college football season, October
Bright was forced to leave the game in the first quarter after suffering three concussions and a broken jaw as the result of a racially motivated attack by white A&M player Wilbanks Smith, and A&M ultimately won 27–14. The attack was immortalized in a photo sequence in the Des Moines Register that won the photographers a Pulitzer Prize. It also had an enduring legacy on the sport:


1951 college football season, October
October 27 No. 1 Tennessee beat Tennessee Tech 68–0. No. 3 Michigan State beat visiting Pitt, 53–26. No. 3 Georgia Tech won narrowly at Vanderbilt, 8–7. No. 4 Illinois won at Indiana, 21–0. Unbeaten (4–0–0) and No. 5 Maryland visited once-beaten (4–1–0) LSU, and won convincingly, 27–0. With all five teams staying unbeaten, the poll changed slightly:  1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State 3.Illinois 4.Maryland 5.Georgia Tech


1951 college football season, November
November 3 No. 1 Tennessee won at North Carolina, 27–0 for its fourth shutout. In six games, the Vols had outscored their opponents, 207–14. No. 2 Michigan State was idle and dropped to fifth in the next poll. No. 3 Illinois beat Michigan 7–0. No. 4 Maryland shut out Missouri 35–0. No. 5 Georgia Tech was tied by Duke, 14–14. No. 6 Princeton, which rose to 5–0–0 after a 12–0 win over Brown, gave an Ivy League addition to the Top Five. Michigan State came back to the five after a 53–26 win over Pitt. The poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Illinois 3.Maryland 4.Princeton 5.Michigan State.


1951 college football season, November
November 10 No. 1 Tennessee beat Washington & Lee, 60–14. No. 2 Illinois beat Iowa 40–13. In Baltimore, No. 3 Maryland beat Navy, 40–21. No. 4 Princeton won at Harvard, 54–13, and left the top five. No. 5 Michigan State (6–0–0) hosted Notre Dame (5–1–0) and shut out the Irish, 35–0, and returned to No. 1 spot in the poll. In Los Angeles, two unbeaten and untied (7–0–0) powers faced off, as No. 7 Stanford and USC met. The Stanford Indians (they would later be called the Cardinal) beat the Trojans 27–20. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2.Tennessee 3.Illinois 4.Stanford 5.Maryland


1951 college football season, November
November 17 No. 1 Michigan State won at Indiana, 30–26. No. 2 Tennessee won at Mississippi, 46–21. No. 3 Illinois got a blemish on its record with a 0–0 tie at Ohio State. No. 4 Stanford beat Oregon State 35–14. No. 5 Maryland overwhelmed N.C. State 53–0. Princeton, which had shut out Yale 27–0, came back to the top five. The poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State3.Stanford 4.Maryland 5.Princeton


1951 college football season, November
November 24No. 1 Tennessee beat Kentucky 28–0. No. 2 Michigan State beat Colorado 45–7 to finish its season at 9–0–0. No. 3 Stanford suffered its first defeat, falling to California, 20–7. No. 4 Maryland stayed unbeaten, over West Virginia 54–7. No. 5 Princeton closed its season with a 13–0 win over Dartmouth. Illinois, which won at Northwestern 3–0, returned to the top five. The penultimate poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Michigan State 3.Maryland 4.Illinois 5.Princeton. On December 1 No. 1 Tennessee closed its season unbeaten with a 35–27 win over Vanderbilt.


1951 college football season, November
The University of San Francisco Dons closed their season—and their football program—with a perfect record of 9 wins, 0 losses and 0 ties. After their November 24 game against in-state Jesuit rival Loyola University (since merged into Loyola Marymount University), a 20–2 win, USF stopped playing football.


1951 college football season, Bowl games
All six games played were on Tuesday, January 1, 1952.


1951 executions in Albania
The People's Republic of Albania executed 22 intellectuals without trial on 26 February 1951, as ordered by Enver Hoxha. They were accused of bombing the Soviet embassy in Tirana. The victims were 21 males and one female. One day earlier, Jonuz Kaceli was killed while accused of the same crime. It was the first time the Agitation and Propaganda law was used.


1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests
The 22 individuals were arrested and put in prison between 20 and 22 February 1951, then executed by firing squad on 26 February. The pretext was the explosion of a small amount of dynamite in the Soviet Embassy in Tirana on 19 February, for which the arrested persons were accused of. On 20 February, the Communist leadership assembled and decided on counter-measures. Present were Enver Hoxha, Tuk Jakova, Mehmet Shehu, Bedri Spahiu, Hysni Kapo, Gogo Nushi, Spiro Koleka, Beqir Balluku and Liri Belishova.


1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests
The arrests were made based on death lists prepared in advance by the Ministry of Interior. The charge, as prepared and signed by Military Prosecutor Siri Çarçani and dated 25 February 1951, was the same for all 22 victims and read:


1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests
These people have been put at the service of imperialist foreign espionage, they have become members of a terrorist organization. They have made propaganda about the violent collapse of the people's power and have distributed slogans for a new war from the American and British imperialists and their satellites.


1951 executions in Albania, Background, Arrests
The same Çarçani admitted later that when he wrote the charge he was completely unaware of any investigation having ever been performed. In addition, the charge was never communicated to any of the victims. Furthermore, a trial was never held.


1951 executions in Albania, Execution
One of the arrested intellectuals, Jonuz Kaceli, was killed a day earlier (25 February), by Mehmet Shehu after Kaceli punched and injured Shehu in the face after a long interrogation on high treason accusations by Shehu and Rasim Dedja. Kaceli was thrown out of a window, head-first from the second floor, in the pretense that he had committed suicide.


1951 executions in Albania, Execution
The 22 victims were executed on 26 February 1951, six days after the first arrest was made. All of the victims were shot based on a government decree issued by the Ministry of the Interior on the same day of the killings. The Minister of Interior that issued the decree was Omer Nishani. Manol Konomi, at the time minister of justice, did not want to sign the death sentences without approval. They were executed at midnight, near the Beshiri bridge, 15 km from Tirana, and were buried in a common grave, bound together.


1951 executions in Albania, Execution
On 26 February 1951 the other victims were shot by an execution squad. The head of the police during that time, Sali Ormëni, was killed one week after the bombing. On 5 March 1951 the executions were approved by the military court of Communist Albania; that is eight days after the suspects were executed.


1951 executions in Albania, Aftermath and legacy
It was later found out that the bombing was actually orchestrated by Hysen Llulla and Qazim Laçi.


1951 executions in Albania, Aftermath and legacy
In 1991 all victims were declared innocent, and posthumously awarded the order Honor of the State by president Bamir Topi. Their bodies were found bound with barbed wire in a joint mass grave on the Erzen river edge.


1951 in Afghanistan
The following lists events that happened during 1951 in Afghanistan.


1951 in Afghanistan
As in the previous year, relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are not happy, because of charges and countercharges regarding border incidents and, on the Pakistan side, particularly because of the alleged encouragement by Afghanistan of the Pashtunistan movement.


1951 in Afghanistan, January 1951
A visit of the Afghan prime minister, Shah Mahmud Khan, to New Delhi gives an indication of the cordial relationship maintained with India. Shah Mahmud is entertained by the government of India and a tribute to Indo-Afghan relations is paid by Chhakravarthi Rajagopalachari, Indian home minister.


1951 in Afghanistan, February 1951
Under the Point Four program, an agreement with the United States is signed in Kabul to assist the Afghan government in the economic development of the country.


1951 in Afghanistan, September 5, 1951
The Afghan prime minister, who is paying yet another visit to Delhi, is invited to address members of the Indian parliament, and he reaffirms his hope that the close and sincere relations already existing between Afghanistan and India will remain for the benefit of world peace. At a press conference Shah Mahmud Khan stresses the friendliness of Afghan policy toward Pakistan, and maintains that in supporting the "Pashtunistan" movement Afghanistan is not animated by hostility to Pakistan.


1951 in Afghanistan, October 16, 1951
Liaquat Ali Khan, prime minister of Pakistan, is assassinated, calling forth from Kabul a sympathetic message and a tribute to his ability. The Pakistan government on its side is careful to stress the point that, although the assassin is stated to be of Afghan origin, there is no sinister significance in that fact, especially as he has been an exile in Pakistan for some time.


1951 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1951 in Australia.


1951 in Australian literature
This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1951.


1951 in Australian literature, Births
A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1951 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


1951 in Australian literature, Deaths
A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1951 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.


1951 in Belgium
The following events happened during 1951 in the Kingdom of Belgium.


1951 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1951 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 50th season of competitive football in the country.


1951 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team
The Brazil national football team did not play any matches in 1951.


1951 in British music
The cultural year was dominated by the Festival of Britain and the opening of The Royal Festival Hall, the first dedicated concert hall of its size to be built in London since 1893: located on the south bank of the Thames, this was to host concerts by major orchestras from Britain and abroad. The Festival itself was a celebration of music, art and theatre.


1951 in British music
It notably provided an opportunity for the staging of many events seen during the first Folk music Festival held in Edinburgh, organised with the help of such talents as the American Alan Lomax, the Irish traditional musician Seamus Ennis and the political theatre director Ewan MacColl, who would go on to form the Ballad and Blues Club.


1951 in British music
Opera and other forms of classical music, while mainly attractive to a middle class audience, were popular in concert and on the radio. Operas sung in English struck a note of patriotism in a nation still recovering from the Second World War and then engaged in the Korea.


1951 in British music
The biggest selling artists on both sides of the Atlantic were Bing Crosby and Doris Day but British singers such as Gracie Fields and Vera Lynn were also very popular, receiving radio play and performing in many live venues.


1951 in British music
A style of jazz known as Trad or Traditional Jazz, or sometimes called the Dixieland sound was emerging, drawing for its inspiration the old New Orleans Jazz of an earlier period. The luminaries of this music were people like Ken Colyer who had formed the Crane River Jazz Band which included Chris Barber and later a banjo player called Lonnie Donegan who would introduce a musical style from America called skiffle which would influence the musical career of a young John Lennon. However, the seeds of rock and roll could not even be glimpsed in the UK of 1951.


1951 in British music
Trad jazz was a reaction to the big band jazz of the previous decade with its 20 or sometimes even 40 member orchestras named after the band leaders such as Joe Loss and Kenny Baker. The latter were still popular in 1951 and played a form of jazz called Swing. Paramount among the band leaders of this time was Ted Heath whose Orchestra regularly featured on BBC radio programmes. They  were an essential part of the nightclub scene in the big cities of the time and were  heavily influenced  by  their American counterparts such as Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington. The smaller Trad Jazz groups in contrast included such then unknowns as George Melly and Acker Bilk, who had recently moved to London to play with Ken Colyer's band.


1951 in British radio
This is a list of events from British radio in 1951.


1951 in British television
This is a list of British television related events from 1951.


1951 in Canadian football
After a 17-year absence, the Saskatchewan Roughriders returned to the Grey Cup final. Their losing streak in the big game continued, however, as it was the other Rough Riders that took home the prize.


1951 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1951
The BC Lions were formed in January at the Arctic Club in Vancouver; however, the franchise would begin play at the start of the 1954 season.


1951 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1951
E. Kent Philips of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, was appointed WIFU Commissioner. The IRFU allowed the third-place Toronto Argonauts to be in the playoffs due to similar regular season records with the other top two teams.


1951 in Canadian football, Canadian football news in 1951
On October 27, The Duke of Edinburgh and The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (now Elizabeth II) attended the western semi-final in Edmonton.


1951 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1951 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship
39th Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium – Toronto, Ontario


1951 in Canadian football, 1951 Interprovincial Rugby Football Union All-Stars
NOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.


1951 in Canadian football, 1951 Western Interprovincial Football Union All-Stars
NOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.


1951 in Canadian football, 1951 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars
NOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.


1951 in Cape Verde
The following lists events that happened during 1951 in Cape Verde.


1951 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1951 in Chile.


1951 in China
Events in the year 1951 in the People's Republic of China.


1951 in Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1951 in Estonia.


1951 in Germany
Events in the year 1951 in West Germany and East Germany.


1951 in Iceland
The following lists events that happened in 1951 in Iceland.


1951 in India
Events in the year 1951 in the Republic of India.


1951 in Ireland, Sport, GAA
Mayo successfully defend All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final by defeating Meath 2-8 0-9