1952 Thomas Cup
The other contestants were divided into three regional qualifying zones, the Pacific, Europe, and Pan America, for the early ties. The winners of each zone then played-off in Malaya for the right to face Malaya in the challenge round. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's general article on the Thomas Cup.


1952 Thomas Cup, Intra-zone summary
India qualified in the Pacific zone by beating newcomers Thailand and Australia without the loss of a match (thus, 9–0 in each case). Six of the twelve teams in the tournament contested in the European zone. Here Denmark emerged victorious, but not without a tough fight from Sweden (6–3) in the zone semifinal. In the Pan American zone with only two teams, the United States defeated Canada 6–3, trumping a fine performance by Canada's Don Smythe.


1952 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs
The following four teams, shown by region, qualified for the 1952 Thomas Cup. Defending champion and host Malaya automatically qualified to defend the title it had won three years previously.


1952 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs
In a three way single elimination tournament within a tournament, the USA received the bye and awaited the winner of the tie between Denmark and India. The results here surprised some as the Danes, affected more by Kuala Lumpur's heat and humidity, were defeated 3–6. Either Trilok Nath Seth or Devinder Mohan Lal figured in all of the matches won by India. Three days later in Singapore, however, thirty-six-year-old Marten Mendez, who seemed to draw strength from the 40 degree Celsius heat inside Happy World Stadium, beat both Seth and Devinder in singles, helping The USA to a 4–1 lead.


1952 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs
India then gamely fought back to win a series of close matches and pull even at four matches each. It was left to the strong U.S. doubles team of Joe Alston and Wynn Rogers to fight back from near defeat in the final match and clinch the victory for the Americans.


1952 Thomas Cup, Challenge round
An American team that no longer had the legendary Dave Freeman was further weakened when Joe Alston, a newly employed agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), was denied an extension of his leave. It faced a formidable Malayan squad, in Malaya, led by the cool and graceful Wong Peng Soon who, though almost as old as Marten Mendez, was still in his prime. He proved this by defeating Mendez and Dick Mitchell routinely in straight games.


1952 Thomas Cup, Challenge round
Malaya's most effective team member, however, might have been the quick and tenacious Ong Poh Lim who routed his opponent in the third singles match and won both of his doubles matches with Ismail bin Marjan. For the Americans, the exceptionally fit Mendez forced a third game default from Ooi Teik Hock while doubles specialist Wynn Rogers and hard smashing Bobby Williams split two close encounters with their Malayan counterparts. It was not enough against a deeper lineup, and Malaya retained the Thomas Cup at seven matches to two.


1952 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1952 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 24 August 1952 and ended on 14 September 1952.


1952 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
On 14 September 1952, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 5-06 to 1-08 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in the final at Nenagh Park. It was their 17th championship title overall and their first title since 1946.


1952 Titleholders Championship
The 1952 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 13–16 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 13th edition of the Titleholders Championship.


1952 Tokachi earthquake
The 1952 Tokachi earthquake (Japanese: 1952年十勝沖地震), which occurred at 10:22:41 local time on 4 March in the sea near Tokachi District, Hokkaidō, had a magnitude of 8.1 on the moment magnitude scale.


1952 Tokachi earthquake, Damage
There was earthquake and tsunami damage in an area ranging from Hokkaido to the northern part of the Tohoku region. As a result, 28 people were killed, 5 people were missing, and 287 were wounded. In addition, 815 houses were completely destroyed, 1324 half-damaged, and 6395 partially damaged. Ninety-one houses were swept away, 328 suffered flooding, 20 were lost to fire, and 1621 became uninhabitable. Furthermore, 451 ships were damaged.


1952 Tokachi earthquake, Damage
In Hamanaka, in the Akkeshi District, Hokkaidō, a tsunami destroyed numerous homes. It is thought that drift ice was pushed up by the tsunami and exacerbated the damage. Eight years later, this area was devastated by the tsunami caused by the 1960 Chile earthquake, killing 11 people.


1952 Tokachi earthquake, Damage
Akkeshi Bay saw the highest tsunami surge, of 6.5 metres (21 ft), with Hachinohe in Aomori also seeing a 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) wave. This was the first large tsunami after the inception of Japan's tsunami warning system. The previous day, March 3, was the anniversary of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake, and the large number of training and evacuation drills held that day bolstered the response to the real disaster on March 4.


1952 Toledo Rockets football team
The 1952 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Clair Dunn, the Rockets compiled a 4–5 record (1–4 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 151 to 132.


1952 Toledo Rockets football team
The team's statistical leaders included Dave Andrzejewski with 582 passing yards and Bob Carson with 322 rushing yards and 428 receiving yards.


1952 Torneo di Viareggio
The 1952 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.


1952 Torneo di Viareggio, Format
The 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie.


1952 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1952 Toronto Argonauts season was the 63rd season for the team since the franchise's inception in 1873. The team finished in second place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 7–4–1 record and qualified for the playoffs for the third year in a row. The Argonauts defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats two games to one in the IRFU Finals before winning the Eastern Final over the Sarnia Imperials. In the first ever Grey Cup between the current incarnation of the Edmonton Eskimos franchise, Toronto won their 10th Grey Cup championship by a score of 21–11. It was their second Grey Cup win in three years and their fifth championship in the previous eight years.


1952 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 1, 1952. Incumbent mayor Allan Lamport easily won against former alderman Nathan Phillips.


1952 Toronto municipal election
There were two referendum questions on the ballot. One called for municipal terms in the city to be extended from one year to two. This measure was rejected, but was later passed in the 1955 election. The second measure was to approve funds for the construction of the Regent Park housing project, which was passed by a slim margin.


1952 Toronto municipal election
The province of Ontario passed legislation on April 7, 1953 federating the City of Toronto and twelve surrounding suburban townships and villages into the municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. A Metropolitan Toronto Council came into being on April 15, 1953 and was made up of the Metro Chairman, Frederick Gardiner, who had been appointed by the province, the Mayor of Toronto, the City of Toronto's two most senior Controllers, nine senior aldermen from each of the City of Toronto (the top finisher in each ward), and the twelve suburban mayors and reeves.


1952 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor
Lamport and Phillips had contested the mayoralty a year earlier in 1951. Phillips' vote increased substantially in the rematch, but Lamport was still easily reelected.


1952 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control
All four incumbents were reelected to the Board of Control despite several high-profile candidates running as well. Two sitting aldermen, Joseph Cornish and John McMechan, ran for spots, but finished fifth and sixth. In seventh was former Controller and Communist Stewart Smith.


1952 Toronto municipal election, City council
Results are taken from the December 3, 1953 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.


1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, Forest Hill
Source: "Start Municipal Election Battles in Three Suburbs Today; Forest Hill Reeve Retires",  Baker, Alden. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]17 Nov 1952: 9


1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, North York
Source: "Lawyer Provides Upset: 3-Time North York Reeve Beaten", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]02 Dec 1952: C5. and  "McMahon defeats Boylen in N. York", Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]02 Dec 1952: 22.


1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, Swansea
Source: "Seven Municipalities Within Greater Toronto Going to Polls Today", Baker, Alden. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1952: 4.


1952 Toronto municipal election, Outside Toronto, Weston
Source: "Top Weston Officials Receive Acclamation", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]20 Nov 1952: 5.


1952 Tour de France
The 1952 Tour de France was the 39th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 25 June to 19 July. It was composed of 23 stages over 4,898 km (3,043 mi). Newly introduced were the arrivals on mountain peaks.


1952 Tour de France
The race was won by Italian Fausto Coppi. Coppi dominated the race, winning five stages and the mountains classification, and was a member of the winning Italian team. His dominance was so large that the Tour organisation had to double the prize money for second place to make the race interesting. At the end, Coppi had a margin of almost half an hour over the second-ranked cyclist; such a margin has never been achieved again. Although more than 25 years later during the 1979 edition, the 1st and 2nd place finishers Bernard Hinault and Joop Zoetemelk were both nearly a half hour ahead of the 3rd place finisher.


1952 Tour de France, Teams
As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1952 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. The three major cycling countries in 1952, Italy, Belgium and France, each sent a team of 12 cyclists. Other countries sent teams of 8 cyclists: Switzerland, Luxembourg (together with Australia), Netherlands and Spain. The French regional cyclists were divided into four teams of 12 cyclists: Paris, North-East/Centre, South-East and West/South-West. The last team of eight cyclists was made up out of cyclists from the French North African colonies. In the end, Luxembourg only sent 6 cyclists, so altogether this made 122 cyclists. There were 57 French (of which 6 were Algerian), 13 Italian, 12 Belgian, 8 Dutch, 8 Spanish, 8 Swiss, 5 Luxembourgian and 1 Australian cyclists.


1952 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites
The winners of the last two editions, Swiss cyclists Hugo Koblet and Ferdinand Kübler, were injured and did not enter the race, nor did French cyclist Louison Bobet. On the last press conference before the race, Jacques Goddet conducted a poll amongst journalists to see who they considered the favourite. Coppi received 29 votes in that poll, followed by Géminiani and Bartali, both with 26 votes.


1952 Tour de France, Route and stages
The final stage was from Vichy, the capital of Vichy France in the Second World War, to Paris. Vichy had never before been visited, and the distance from Vichy to Paris was significantly longer than the other stages. A newspaper described it as linking the two cities together. The stop in Vichy was successful, with a new record of 150.000 live spectators. An innovation was the stage arrivals on mountain peaks. This happened three times in 1952, on stages 10, 11 and 21. There were two rest days, in Alpe d'Huez and Toulouse. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556 m (8,386 ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 11.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
In the fourth stage, Jean Robic, the winner of the 1947 Tour de France was in a group with his teammate Raphaël Géminiani, and Robic let Géminiani do all the work. After the stage, Robic told reporters that he had been smart, because he had saved energy and was in a better position to win the Tour. Géminiani then became angry and held Robic's head in a hotel room sink. It was the last year that Robic rode on the national team. At that moment, Nello Lauredi was the leader in the race.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
In the sixth stage, Fiorenzo Magni escaped, and became the leader of the general classification by twelve seconds. In the 1950 Tour de France, Magni had already become the leader, but left the race without riding in the yellow jersey. In the time trial in stage seven, won by Fausto Coppi, Magni lost his lead, and Lauredi became leader again.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
The first high mountains appeared in stage eight. Magni and Lauredi stayed together, but because Magni took a twenty-second bonification for finishing second, they swapped positions again, and Magni became leader again.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
In the ninth stage, a group of eight cyclists got away, including Coppi's teammate Andrea Carrea. At the end of the stage, the group had a margin of more than nine minutes. Carrea went to the hotel after the finish, but was picked up by the police. Carrea asked what he had done wrong, but he was told that he was the new leader of the race, and had to go to the ceremony to receive the yellow jersey. Carrea apologised to his team leader Coppi, in fear that his team leader would be angry because a helper occupied the highest rank, but Coppi was not angry.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
In the tenth stage, Robic attacked, and only Coppi was able to follow him. Later, Robic had a flat tire. Because his team director was far away, he lost several minutes, and lost so much time that he dropped from second place to fifth place. Coppi rode away and won the stage, taking over the lead in the general classification from his teammate. The top three riders were all Italian at that moment.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
After the rest day, the eleventh stage was again a mountain stage. The cyclists from the French national team, especially Géminiani, attacked on the Galibier, but Coppi counterattacked and escaped easily. At the end of the stage, Coppi won by a large margin. His lead in the general classification was now almost 20 minutes.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
The margin was so large that Coppi didn't need to attack in the twelfth stage. When Coppi had a flat tire, his teammate Gino Bartali gave him his own wheel, which was a sign that the rivalry between the two cyclists was over. Even though Coppi rode conservatively in that stage, the cyclist directly behind him in the general classification, Alex Close, lost another four minutes, and Coppi was now 24 minutes ahead.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
The Tour organisation feared that the race would become dull, now that Coppi's lead was so large. Therefore, they doubled the prize money for second and third place, hoping to keep the other cyclists aggressive.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
In the sixteenth stage, the riders were apparently not motivated by the double prize money, as they were slow that day. The organisation then responded by canceling the prize money; there was still a rule from before 1947, that said that stage winners had to go at least 30 km/h to win prize money. The winner, André Rosseel, had only reached 29 km/h.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
In the seventeenth stage, Géminiani, who was already in fourteenth place, 52 minutes behind in the general classification, escaped. Coppi did not chase him, and allowed Géminiani to win the stage. In the eighteenth stage, Coppi reached the top of the mountains first, but took it easy on the descent, and allowed other cyclists to get back to him. He still won the sprint at the end of the stage.


1952 Tour de France, Race overview
Coppi also won the last mountain stage, stage 21, and increased his lead to more than 31 minutes. In the time trial on the next day, Coppi apparently took it easy. Previously he was an expert in such time trials, but on that day he allowed other cyclists to win back some time, and finished on the fourteenth place.


1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 123 cyclists that started the 1951 Tour de France, 66 finished the race.


1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
Points for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was the same as in 1951: there were three types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the winner, the easier ones in category 2 gave 6 points to the winner, and the easiest in category 3 gave 3 points. Fausto Coppi won this classification.


1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The team classification had been awarded and calculated since 1930, but in 1952 the daily team classification was also calculated: for each stage, the best team (calculated as the team of which the best three cyclists had the lowest accumulated team in that stage) received a prize. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps for the first time in 1952. It was won by the Italian team. The Luxembourgian team finished with only two cyclists, and therefore were not eligible for the team classification.


1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
The 1952 Tour de France saw the introduction of the combativity award, a daily award for the most combative rider of the stage. The winner of that award received 100,000 French francs. The super-combativity award, the award for the most combative rider of the entire Tour de France, was also first given in 1953, determined by a jury vote, to Robic. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given to the first rider to pass the memorial to Tour founder Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier stage 11. This prize was won by Fausto Coppi. The special award for the best regional rider was won by eighteenth-placed Marcel Zelasco.


1952 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were also a few minor awards. After every stage, an award was given to the cyclist with the most bad luck, and to the most 'cold-blooded' cyclist. At the end of the Tour the award for the cyclist with the most bad luck was given to Wim van Est. The award for most beloved cyclist was given to Antonin Rolland.


1952 Tour de France, Aftermath
The daily combativity award was a success, and has been awarded ever since. The mountain finishes also were spectacular enough to have been included in every Tour de France since.


1952 Tour de France, Aftermath
Fausto Coppi would never start the Tour de France again.


1952 Tour de France, Aftermath
The team selecters for the French national team felt that Raphaël Géminiani had held back when chasing Fausto Coppi, because they rode for the same sponsor. For that reason, Géminiani was left out the national team for the 1952 UCI Road World Championships. To avoid these problems in the future, Géminiani switched teams at the end of the season.


1952 Tour de Romandie
The 1952 Tour de Romandie was the sixth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 17 April to 20 April 1952. The race started and finished in Payerne. The race was won by Wout Wagtmans.


1952 Tour de Suisse
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Severo (talk | contribs) at 00:05, 24 March 2020 (1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1952 Tour de Suisse
The 1952 Tour de Suisse was the 16th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 14 June to 21 June 1952. The race started and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Pasquale Fornara.


1952 Tour of Flanders
The 36th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 6 April 1952. Belgian Roger Decock won the race in a three-man sprint before Loretto Petrucci and Briek Schotte. 43 of 210 riders finished.


1952 Tour of Flanders, Route
The race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren – totaling 258 km. The course featured four categorized climbs:


1952 Transportes Aéreos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire
The 1952 Transportes Aéreos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire occurred on 12 August 1952 when a Douglas C-47A registered PP-ANH was destroyed after a in-flight fire caused it to crash near Palmeiras de Goiás, Brazil.


1952 Transportes Aéreos Nacional Douglas C-47 mid-air fire
The 1944-built C-47 was on a domestic flight from Rio Verde Airport to Goiânia-Santa Genoveva Airport, belonged to Viabras and was operated by Transportes Aéreos Nacional.


1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin were held on 27 March 1952.


1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies
Travancore-Cochin had 97 constituencies, 11 of them were two-member constituencies and 86 were single-member constituencies. There were 33,65,955 electors in the single member constituencies, while 8,44,389 electors in two-member constituencies. Total 437 candidates competed for 108 seats of the 97 constituencies in the Assembly.


1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Political parties
Three national parties (Indian National Congress, Revolutionary Socialist Party and Socialist Party) along with four state parties (Cochin Party, Travancore Cochin Republican Praja Party, Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress and Tamil Nadu Toilers Party) and two registered unrecognized party (Kerala Socialist Party and  Tamil Nadu People Front) took part in the electoral process of 1951-1952 assembly elections. Since Communist Party of India was banned in Travancore-Cochin State, its candidates took part in the electoral process as Independent candidates, which later formed a United Left front of leftists following the success in the elections.


1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Results
Congress party fell short of the majority by 11 seats. So it formed a coalition government with the help of Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress, Kerala Socialist Party and a Nominated member.


1952 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regional election
The Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regional election of 1952 took place on 16 November 1952.


1952 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regional election
The Christian Democracy and the South Tyrolean People's Party won again.


1952 Tulane Green Wave football team
The 1952 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1952 college football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their first year under head coach Raymond Wolf, the team compiled a 5–5 record.


1952 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team
The 1952 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1952 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Buddy Brothers, the Golden Hurricane compiled an 8–2–1 record (3–1 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents) and lost to Florida, 14–13, in the 1953 Gator Bowl. The team defeated Kansas State (26–7), Oklahoma A&M (23–21), Arkansas (44–34) and Texas Tech (26–20), tied Cincinnati (14–14), and lost to #19 Houston (7–33).


1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1952 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 72nd staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.


1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles
Mervyn Rose /  Vic Seixas defeated  Ken McGregor /  Frank Sedgman 3–6, 10–8, 10–8, 6–8, 8–6


1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles
Shirley Fry /  Doris Hart defeated  Louise Brough /  Maureen Connolly 10–8, 6–4


1952 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles
Doris Hart /   Frank Sedgman defeated  Thelma Coyne Long /  Lew Hoad 6–3, 7–5


1952 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles
Frank Sedgman defeated Gardnar Mulloy 6–1, 6–2, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1952 U.S. National Championships.


1952 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The tournament used two lists of eight players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Frank Sedgman is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1952 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded and defending champion Maureen Connolly defeated Doris Hart 6–3, 7–5 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1952 U.S. National Championships.


1952 U.S. National Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The tournament used two lists for seeding the women's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Maureen Connolly is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.


1952 U.S. Open (golf)
The 1952 U.S. Open was the 52nd U.S. Open, held June 12–14 at Northwood Club in Dallas, Texas. Julius Boros captured the first of his three major titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Ed Oliver.


1952 U.S. Open (golf)
Two-time defending champion Ben Hogan, raised in nearby Fort Worth, attempted to become the second to win three consecutive U.S. Opens, and with two rounds of 69 he had the 36-hole lead, two strokes ahead of George Fazio. But consecutive rounds of 74 in the Saturday heat dropped Hogan back to third place, five strokes behind. Boros carded a third-round 68 to take a two-stroke lead, then shot a 71 for a 281 total and waited in the clubhouse to see if anyone would catch him, but none did. The closest was Oliver with a 72 to finish at 285, four behind Boros. Temperatures reached 98 °F (37 °C) under sunny skies on Saturday, with a gallery estimated at 15,000.


1952 U.S. Open (golf)
Hogan was admittedly affected by the heat, and his final round included an out-of-bounds approach shot on the dogleg par-4 sixth hole and numerous three-putts. Boros successfully scrambled during both rounds on Saturday, chipping close and making lengthy putts. Hogan told Boros he was "a magician."


1952 U.S. Open (golf)
It was Boros' first win on the PGA Tour at the age of 32; just three years earlier he reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. Amateur. Boros won 17 more times as a professional, including a second U.S. Open in 1963. Five years later he won the PGA Championship in 1968 at age 48, the oldest ever to win a major championship.


1952 U.S. Open (golf)
Hogan regained the title in 1953 for four U.S. Open wins in five attempts (he won his first in 1948 and did not enter in 1949 due to a near-fatal  automobile accident). Through 2015, Willie Anderson remains the only winner of three consecutive U.S. Opens, with titles in 1903, 1904, and 1905. The only repeat winners since 1951 are Curtis Strange in 1989 and Brooks Koepka in 2018.


1952 U.S. Open (golf)
The PGA Championship in 1952 was played the following week in Louisville, Kentucky. Boros was not eligible as he had been a pro less than five years, but  received a special invitation from the PGA of America. He withdrew before his start time of the stroke-play qualifier on Wednesday after dissension from other players.


1952 U.S. Open (golf)
Boros' wife had died the previous September during the birth of their only child, son Jay.


1952 U.S. Women's Open
The 1952 U.S. Women's Open was the seventh U.S. Women's Open, held June 26–29 at Bala Golf Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the final time the event was organized by the LPGA Tour; the United States Golf Association (USGA) has conducted the championship since 1953.


1952 U.S. Women's Open
Louise Suggs, the 1949 champion, won the second of her two U.S. Women's Open titles, seven strokes ahead of runners-up Marlene Bauer and Betty Jameson. It was the sixth of eleven major championships for Suggs, whose lead after 36 holes was four strokes, and extended to seven strokes after the third round.


1952 U.S. Women's Open
The championship was played in hot weather; temperatures in the first round on Thursday exceeded 100 °F (38 °C).


1952 UCI Road World Championships
The 1952 UCI Road World Championships took place in Luxembourg, Luxembourg between 23–24 August 1952.


1952 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race
The men's road race at the 1952 UCI Road World Championships was the 19th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 24 August 1952 in Luxembourg. The race was won by Heinz Müller of West Germany.


1952 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1952 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Paris, France from 26 to 31 August 1952. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.


1952 UCLA Bruins football team
The 1952 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1952 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled an 8–1 record (5–1 conference) and finished in second place in the Pacific Coast Conference.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
The 1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 27th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The annual totalisator was £64,263,725, which indicated that the industry had stabilised following a few turbulent years.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary
The year focused on the performances of two greyhounds, Endless Gossip and Magourna Reject. Despite the fact that Magourna Reject had failed to land a classic competition during the year, he drew the crowds everywhere he went and Endless Gossip was denied the chance to win the Triple Crown because the Scottish Greyhound Derby had been cancelled.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Match racing was still popular even twenty years after the Mick the Miller era. One such match was between XPDNC (the Grand National champion against this year's favourite Lambourn Blackflash. Lambourn Blackflash won by five lengths and both competed in the Grand National at White City during May. The two rivals qualified for the final, but it was a 20-1 shot (Whistling Laddie) who upset the odds beating Lambourn Blackflash by one and a quarter lengths, XPDNC finished fifth in the first Grand National to contain six dogs.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
The National Intertrack Championship sponsored by the News of the World was won by Eastville after the Bristol track defeated Bradford 19-11. Endless Gossip travelled to Cardiff Arms Park after winning the 1952 English Greyhound Derby and added the Welsh Greyhound Derby final defeating a field including Magourna Reject, Ballylanigan Tanist and Drumman Rambler.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions
Monachdy Girlie trained by Jimmy Jowett, won the Scurry Gold Cup and Endless Gossip then won the Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium which now offered £1,000 to the winner. Magourna Reject was switched to the longer distances but failed to win both the Cesarewitch and St Leger and looked destined to never win a classic race. Monachdy Girlie won a second classic after a dead heat in the OaksThe Grand Prix competition was not run due to insufficient entries.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks
The Abbey Stadium in Swindon opened on 1 November. The stadium was opened by the Bristol Greyhound Racing Association, soon to change their name to Bristol Stadium Ltd and they also took control of affairs at Oxford Stadium, following the death of Managing Director Leslie Calcutt.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
Trainer Stan Biss died after suffering a stroke and failing to recover and the well-respected Managing Director of Catford Stadium, Frank Sutton also died. Sutton had introduced the British Breeders Produce Stakes. Laughing Lieutenant was the first stud dog to fly to Ireland for breeding purposes and trainer Jack Tallantire joined the New Cross Stadium training ranks.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News
The National Greyhound Racing Club made the weighing of greyhounds before a race compulsory.


1952 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland
Racing in Ireland was experiencing a boom as attendances flocked to see the racing. A greyhound called Rough Waters had spent 1951 flapping (racing on independent tracks), in Scotland before being aimed towards Shelbourne Park and the Irish Greyhound Derby. Owned by one of Ireland's leading bookmakers Jimmy Lalor and trained by his brother Henry, the brindle went on to win the Derby final.


1952 UMass Redmen football team
The 1952 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1952 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1952 season was O'Rourke's first as coach of the Minutemen, and was his only winning season with the team. UMass finished the season with a record of 4–3–1 overall and 1–2 in conference play.


1952 USC Trojans football team
The 1952 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1952 college football season. In their second year under head coach Jess Hill, the Trojans compiled a 10–1 record (6–0 against conference opponents), won the Pacific Coast Conference championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 254 to 47.


1952 USC Trojans football team
The Trojans finished the season ranked #4 in the final United Press Coaches Poll and #5 in the final AP Poll. They faced five ranked opponents during the 1952 season and won four of those games: a 10–0 victory over #4 California on October 25; a 33–0 victory over #17 Washington on November 15; a 14–12 victory over #3 UCLA on November 22; a 9–0 loss to Notre Dame on November 29; and a 7–0 victory over Wisconsin in the 1953 Rose Bowl. USC's victory in the Rose Bowl was the first for the Pacific Coast Conference after seven consecutive losses to the representatives of the Big Ten Conference.


1952 USC Trojans football team
Jim Sears led the team in passing with 51 of 105 passes completed for 739 yards, eight touchdowns and eight interceptions. Leon Sellers led the team in rushing with 103 carries for 386 yards and two touchdowns. Leon Clarke was the leading receiver with 25 catches for 372 yards and three touchdowns.


1952 USC Trojans football team
Eight Trojans received honors from the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP), or International News Service (INS) on the 1952 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: back Jim Sears (AP-1 [safety]; INS-1; UP-1 [ halfback]); back Lindon Crow (AP-1 [defensive back]); defensive end Bob Hooks, USC (AP-1); tackle Robert Van Doren, USC (AP-1 [defensive tackle]; INS-1; UP-1); guard Elmer Willhoite, USC (AP-1 [defensive guard]; INS-1; UP-1); guard Marv Goux, USC (INS-1); center Lou Welsh, USC (AP-1); and linebacker George Timberlake, USC (AP-1).


1952 USC Trojans football team, Players
The following players were members of the 1952 USC Trojans football team.


1952 USSR Chess Championship
The 1952 Soviet Chess Championship was the 20th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 29 November to 29 December 1952 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Mikhail Botvinnik. Botvinnik and Mark Taimanov had a play-off match of six games in February 1953, which ended with the victory of Botvinnik 3½-2½, so bringing him hisseventh title. The final were preceded by quarter-finals events and four semifinals (at Leningrad, Minsk, Riga and Sochi). For the first time in such events players were forbidden to agree a draw in under 30 moves unless they could get the arbiter's consent.


1952 Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election
Territorial Assembly elections were held in Ubangi-Shari on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), which won 17 seats (all in the second college).


1952 Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election, Aftermath
Following the elections, Henri Mabille was elected chair of the legislature.


1952 Ulster Grand Prix
The 1952 Ulster Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 1952 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 14–16 August 1952 at the Clady Circuit.


1952 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico
The election for Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 4, 1952, the same day as the larger Puerto Rican general election and the United States elections, 1952.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1952 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1952 which coincided with the election of President Dwight Eisenhower. Eisenhower's Republican Party gained 22 seats from the Democratic Party, gaining a majority of the House. However, the Democrats had almost 250,000 more votes (0.4%) thanks to overwhelming margins in the Solid South. This would be the last time the Republican Party won a majority in the House until 1994. It was also the last election when both major parties increased their share of the popular vote simultaneously, largely due to the disintegration of the American Labor Party and other third parties. As of 2021, this is the last time the House changed partisan control during a presidential cycle.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections
Outgoing President Harry Truman's dismal approval rating was one reason why his party lost its House majority. Also, continued uneasiness about the Korean War was an important factor. Joseph Martin (R-Massachusetts) became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with Sam Rayburn (D-Texas), who became the new Minority Leader.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections
Four special elections were held to finish terms in the 82nd United States Congress, which would end January 3, 1953.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Arkansas
Arkansas lost one seat in reapportionment leaving it with 6; the existing 4th district along the western edge of the state lost some of its territory to the 3rd district in the northwest, and the rest was merged with the 7th district in the south, with minor changes to other districts.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, California
Seven new seats were added in reapportionment, increasing the delegation from 23 to 30 seats. Two of the new seats were won by Democrats, and five by Republicans. One Republican and one Democratic incumbents lost re-election, and a retiring Democrat was replaced by a Republican. Overall, therefore, Democrats gained one seat and Republicans gained 7.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Florida
Florida was redistricted from 6 districts to 8, splitting the area around Sarasota out from the Tampa-St. Petersburg based 1st district, and splitting Gainesville out from the Jacksonville-based 2nd district.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Illinois
Illinois lost one seat, redistricting from 26 to 25 districts. No changes were made to the Chicago area districts, but the downstate districts were broadly reorganized, forcing incumbents Peter F. Mack Jr. (Democratic) and Edward H. Jenison (Republican) into the same district.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Kentucky
Kentucky lost one seat at reapportionment, and redistricted from 9 districts to 8, adjusting boundaries across the state and dividing the old 8th up among its neighbors.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Maryland
Maryland redistricted from 6 to 7 seats, transferring territory from the 2nd to the 3rd and 4th and to a new 7th seat in the Baltimore suburbs.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Maryland
As of 2021, this is the last time the Republican Party held a majority of congressional districts from Maryland.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Michigan
Michigan added one seat, and divided the 17th district to form an 18th district, leaving boundaries otherwise unchanged.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Mississippi
Mississippi lost 1 seat in reapportionment and redistricted from 7 seats to 6; in addition to other boundary adjustments a substantial portion of the old 4th district was moved into the 1st, and 4th district incumbent Abernethy defeated 1st district incumbent Rankin in the Democratic primary.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, New York
New York redistricted from 45 seats to 43, losing a seat in Long Island and another upstate.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Ohio
Ohio's representation was not changed at reapportionment, but redistricted its at-large district into a 23rd district and also removed the 11th district in south Ohio, creating two new districts around Cleveland.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Oklahoma
Oklahoma was reapportioned from 8 seats to 6 and eliminated the 7th and 8th districts, moving most of their territory into the 1st and 6th and expanding other districts to compensate.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania redistricted from 33 districts to 30, eliminating 1 district in northeastern Pennsylvania and 2 in southwestern Pennsylvania.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Tennessee
Tennessee lost one seat in reapportionment, and divided the old 4th district between the old 5th and 7th districts, with other minor boundary changes.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Texas
Texas gained one seat, adding it as an at-large district instead of redistricting.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Virginia
Virginia gained one seat, adding a new district in the DC suburbs and making boundary adjustments elsewhere.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections, Washington
Washington gained one seat at reapportionment, adding it as an at-large district instead of redistricting.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in California
The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1952 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1952. California gained seven seats as a result of the 1950 Census, five of which were won by Republicans and two by Democrats. Of California's existing districts, Republicans won two Democratic-held seats.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results
Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 4, 1952 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Riley of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1951, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman W.J. Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated Republican challenger David Dows.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Joseph R. Bryson of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman James P. Richards of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1933, defeated Wade S. Weatherford in the Democratic primary and Republican Herbert L. Crosland in the general election.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.


1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 4, 1952 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia gained an additional seat, having ten seats in the House apportioned according to the 1950 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms. Until this election, the Democratic Party had won every seat since 1932.


1952 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)
The men's 1952 United States Olympic Trials for track and field were held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, between June 27-8. The 10 kilometer walk trials were held in New York City on June 1, and the 50 kilometer walk trials were held on May 4 in Baltimore, Maryland. Three marathon trials were held between two races, the AAU National Championships in Yonkers, New York for both 1951 and 1952, on May 27, 1951 and May 18, 1952 and the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 19. Victor Dyrgall and Tom Jones finished 1-2 at both 1952 races to win selection. 1951's second placer John Lafferty was selected after finishing fifth in the same race in 1952. The 10,000 meters was held in Long Beach, California on June 20.


1952 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)
The decathlon was held a week after the trials on July 1-2 at the hometown track of the defending Olympic champion, Bob Mathias in Tulare, California.


1952 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)
The Women's Olympic Trials were held separately in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on July 1. The women's events didn't even record non-winning times. The women threw the American sized 8 Lb. implement. The process was organized by the AAU.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona
The 1952 United States Senate election in Arizona was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator and Senate Majority Leader Ernest McFarland ran for re-election to a third term, but was defeated by the Republican nominee and future candidate for President of the United States, Barry Goldwater.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona
Goldwater ran an aggressive campaign against the entrenched Democrat, accumulating over fifty thousand air-miles in his travels about the state, during which he delivered more than six hundred speeches. He defeated McFarland in the general election by a slim margin of 6,725 votes out of approximately 260,000 cast, which Goldwater attributed in part to the unpopularity of President Harry S. Truman and the backing of popular Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy. Goldwater also launched a get out the vote effort in the northern part of the state, knowing the margin of victory would be slim, and received support from Republican Party campaign organizations and several prominent party members.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona
The election marked the end of the Senate career of Ernest McFarland, who was first elected in 1940 and had served as co-chairman of the Joint Committee on Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration in addition to Senate Majority Leader. He was later elected Governor of Arizona in 1954 and ran unsuccessfully for his former Senate seat in 1958.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona
This election would mark the beginning of a decades-long stretch of Republican electoral success in Arizona; Republicans would go on to continuously hold at least one of the state's Senate seats until 2020, when Democrats took control of both Senate seats in Arizona.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign
After becoming a member of the Phoenix City Council in 1949, Barry Goldwater assumed a position as campaign manager of fellow Republican John Howard Pyle's successful 1950 bid for Governor of Arizona. After Pyle's narrow victory in the 1950 election, Goldwater began exploring the possibility of running for higher office himself and won re-election to his seat on the Phoenix Council by a comfortable margin. Goldwater's interest compounded in 1951, the same year he won re-election to his council seat, when Illinois U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen visited Phoenix.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign
Goldwater, while at a cocktail party for Dirksen, was approached by the Illinois Senator, who encouraged him to run for Incumbent Democratic Senator Ernest McFarland's seat. Goldwater said later that he had estimated his chances at winning the election to be fifteen-to-one. Nonetheless, Goldwater began conducting research on McFarland and studied the election returns of Howard Pyle's 1950 gubernatorial victory, leading him to re-estimate his chances to be fifty-fifty.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign
Goldwater had been campaigning for several months before formally announcing his candidacy for McFarland's U.S. Senate seat on April 24, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign
In his formal announcement, Goldwater cited six reasons for his entering the Senate race: his belief "that a life-long familiarity with the State of Arizona and its people and intensive study of the problems and needs of this region as a businessman and citizen qualifies me to represent efficiently our state in Washington," his opposition to the expansion of the federal government and belief in states' rights, his opposition to the New Deal and Fair Deal programs, his belief that a U.S. Senator should not be "a mere rubber stamp for any administration," and his opposition to the "present tragic trend toward the destruction of individual freedom."


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign
The divisive race between Dwight Eisenhower and Robert A. Taft for the Republican nomination in the 1952 presidential race became cause for concern for state Republicans, Goldwater in particular. He confided to an associate of the Republican National Committee, Clarence Buddington Kelland, that he believed the Democrats were beginning to benefit from the "constant bickering" within the party. This, believed Goldwater, was the best-case scenario for the Democrats, including McFarland, who was hindered in his bid for re-election by the unpopularity of the Truman administration.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign
Originally believing he could run a campaign on his own with relatively few resources, Goldwater hired a campaign manager in June 1952, Stephen Shadegg, who had previously worked on the campaign of Democratic U.S. Senator Carl Hayden. Goldwater also received financial and logistical help from the Republican National Committee and the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee, as well as additional financial backing from prominent Republicans, including Sid Richardson and H. L. Hunt, and easily defeated his sole opponent, Lester Kahl, in the Republican primary on September 8.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Campaign
Goldwater employed a general election strategy of focusing get out the vote efforts on the three northernmost counties of Arizona, inhabited primarily by the Navajo and Hopi Native American peoples. Feeling the margin would be close in the election results, Goldwater believed these efforts, especially efforts to organize a voter registration campaign in the northern counties, to be crucial for victory, writing to Everett Dirksen in May that "this might well be the margin of victory in this state."


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Results
On Election Day, November 4, 1952, Barry Goldwater defeated incumbent Ernest McFarland by a slim margin, winning by 6,725 out of approximately 260,000 votes cast, becoming the first Republican to win an Arizona U.S. Senate election since 1920.


1952 United States Senate election in Arizona, Results
Goldwater, writing to Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, said of the results, "The election victory was not entirely a surprise, because we knew that McFarland, carrying the weight of Truman's mistakes around his neck, would have a difficult time winning, particularly in view of the fact that I had spent nearly all of my life campaigning for this job, whether I realized it or not."


1952 United States Senate election in California
The 1952 United States Senate election in California was held on November 4, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in California
By cross-filing and winning the Democratic nomination, incumbent Republican Senator William F. Knowland was able to cruise to a general election victory with only nominal opposition.


1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut
The 1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic Senator William Benton, who won a special election to complete the term of retiring Senator Raymond Baldwin, was defeated by Republican William A. Purtell after serving only 2 years.


1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut, General election, Campaign
During the campaign, Brien McMahon, the Class III Senator from Connecticut, died. Governor John Davis Lodge appointed Purtell, already the Republican nominee for this Class I seat, to serve as interim Senator in McMahon's place until a special election could be held.


1952 United States Senate election in Connecticut, General election, Campaign
Purtell supported General Eisenhower's campaign platform against "communism, corruption, and Korea." Benton accused Purtell of being so conservative that he "makes Bob Taft look like a left-wing New Dealer."


1952 United States Senate election in Delaware
The 1952 United States Senate election in Delaware took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John J. Williams was re-elected to a second term in office over Democratic Lieutenant Governor Alexis I. du Pont Bayard, the son of former Senator Thomas F. Bayard, Jr. and descendant of two of Delaware's most powerful families, the du Ponts and the Bayards.


1952 United States Senate election in Florida
The 1952 United States Senate election in Florida was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Senator Spessard Holland was easily re-elected to a second term in office.


1952 United States Senate election in Indiana
The 1952 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator William E. Jenner was for re-elected to a second term in office over Governor of Indiana Henry F. Schricker.


1952 United States Senate election in Maine
The 1952 United States Senate election in Maine was held on September 8, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in Maine
Incumbent Republican Senator Owen Brewster ran for re-election to a third term, but lost the Republican primary to Governor of Maine Frederick Payne. Payne easily won the general election against two Democratic opponents, party nominee Roger Dube and independent Democrat Earl Grant.


1952 United States Senate election in Maine, Republican primary, Campaign
Payne's campaign was encouraged and partly funded by billionaire Howard Hughes, who sought to end Brewster's political career over the investigation of Hughes's Trans World Airlines for war profiteering.


1952 United States Senate election in Maine, Republican primary, Campaign
Payne's victory may also have been aided by Brewster's connections to McCarthyism and racist groups like the Ku Klux Klan.


1952 United States Senate election in Maryland
The 1952 United States Senate election in Maryland was held on November 4, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in Maryland
Incumbent Democratic Senator Herbert O'Conor chose not to seek re-election for a second term. Republican U.S. Representative James Glenn Beall defeated Democrat George P. Mahoney to win the open seat.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
The 1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. lost to Congressman and future President John F. Kennedy, the Democratic Party nominee.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
This election marked the end of the Lodge family dynasty and the beginning of the Kennedy family dynasty. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and his grandfather Henry Cabot Lodge had held one of Massachusetts's two Senate seats 43 of the previous 60 years. Kennedy and his younger brother Ted Kennedy would hold this seat for 55 of the next 57.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
The 1952 Massachusetts Senate election was a contest between two representatives of New England's most prominent political families: the Republican Lodges and the Democratic Kennedys. The Lodges were a much older political dynasty; the family could trace its roots to the original Puritan pioneers who had first settled the state in the early seventeenth century. The Lodges were a "Blue blood" family, and along with several other Boston-area Protestant families, were considered to be at the apex of Massachusetts High Society, and they had been prominent in Boston political and business circles for generations.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
Lodge's grandfather, Henry Cabot Lodge Sr., had been a powerful United States Senator from Massachusetts, as well as a close friend and ally of President Theodore Roosevelt; he was also a foe of Woodrow Wilson. His grandson and namesake, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., had first been elected to the U.S. Senate in 1936, when he was the only Republican Senate candidate in the nation to defeat a Democratic incumbent. He was easily reelected in 1942. During the Second World War he resigned his Senate seat and served as a Lt. Colonel in the U.S. Army in Italy and France. In 1945 Lodge helped negotiate the surrender of German forces in western Austria. In 1946 Lodge reclaimed a Senate seat when he defeated Democratic Senator David Walsh.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
Lodge's Democratic opponent in the 1952 Senate race was three-term Congressman John F. Kennedy, then only 35 years old. Although the Kennedys were a much newer political dynasty than the Lodges, they had amassed a considerably larger financial fortune, thanks in large part to the business activities of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., Kennedy's father.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
The Kennedys were Irish Catholics, and in many ways the 1952 Massachusetts Senate campaign was the climax of a longstanding battle between the older Protestant families like the Lodges, who had controlled politics in the Bay State for generations, and the newer Irish Catholic families such as the Kennedys, who for demographic reasons now outnumbered the Protestants. The Kennedys also viewed the 1952 race as something of a grudge match, as Lodge's grandfather had defeated Kennedy's grandfather, Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald, in a 1916 Senate race in Massachusetts.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
Congressman Kennedy's Senate campaign was managed by his younger brother Robert F. Kennedy, who would perform the same function for his brother in the 1960 presidential campaign. Kennedy launched his campaign early in 1952 and made an intensive effort, by election day in November 1952 he had visited every city, town, and village in Massachusetts at least once. He also collected a record number of signatures for his petition for office, assembling a petition of over a quarter-million signatures. Many of those who signed the petition would later become campaign volunteers or workers for Kennedy in their hometowns.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
A famous innovation by the Kennedys in the 1952 Senate race were a series of "tea parties" sponsored by Kennedy's mother and sisters in the fall. Congressman Kennedy attended each of the tea parties and shook hands and charmed the voters (usually female) who were present; it is estimated that a total of 70,000 voters attended the tea parties, which was roughly his margin of victory over Lodge.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
Lodge, meanwhile, neglected his Senate campaign for most of 1952. Instead, he focused on persuading Dwight D. Eisenhower, the popular World War II general, to run for and win the Republican presidential nomination over Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft, the leader of the party's conservatives. Lodge, a moderate and internationalist, strongly disagreed with Taft's isolationist foreign-policy views and felt that Taft could not win a presidential election. Lodge served as Eisenhower's campaign manager and played a key role in helping Eisenhower to beat Taft and win the Republican nomination.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
However, Lodge's prominent role in defeating Taft angered many of Taft's supporters in Massachusetts, and they vowed revenge. Congressman Kennedy privately courted many of Taft's more prominent backers in Massachusetts, and some of them, such as Basil Brewer, the publisher of the New Bedford Standard-Times, supported Kennedy over Lodge in their newspapers and editorials.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
When the usually Democratic-leaning but financially unstable Boston Post planned to endorse Lodge, Joseph Kennedy arranged for a $500,000 loan so the paper would endorse his son; John Kennedy stated that "we had to buy that fucking paper or I'd have been licked." Kennedy and Lodge engaged in one public debate, which was held on radio; the debate was generally considered a draw, although some observers felt that Kennedy's ability to hold his own with the older and more distinguished Lodge gave him the advantage.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
The nationally-known and Catholic Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin refused to campaign for Lodge, a fellow Republican, due to his friendship with the Kennedy family. McCarthy was popular among many Catholic voters in Massachusetts due to his Communist-hunting activities in Congress; William F. Buckley Jr. believed that Lodge probably would have won the election with McCarthy's help.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign
On the weekend before the election Eisenhower visited Boston and energetically campaigned for Lodge, but it was not enough. Although Eisenhower carried Massachusetts by over 200,000 votes, Kennedy narrowly upset Lodge, winning by 70,000 votes and three percentage points.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Aftermath
Kennedy's narrow victory marked the end of the Lodge dynasty and beginning of the Kennedy dynasty. Since January 1953 no member of the Lodge family has held political office in Massachusetts, and the family has largely retired from politics. Conversely, the Kennedy family controlled the Senate seat they won in 1952 from January 1953 until Ted Kennedy's death in August 2009, as John Kennedy, family friend Benjamin A. Smith II, and then Ted Kennedy each held the seat. Lodge served for eight years as President Eisenhower's United Nations Ambassador.


1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Aftermath
In the 1960 presidential election, he was Richard Nixon's running mate, but the Democratic ticket of Senators Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson won the election. Lodge's son George C. Lodge lost the 1962 Massachusetts Senate race to Ted Kennedy, the last time that the two families opposed one another in a political campaign.


1952 United States Senate election in Minnesota
The 1952 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Edward John Thye defeated Democratic challenger Bill Carlson to win a second term.


1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi
The 1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John C. Stennis was re-elected to a second term in office.


1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi
Because Stennis was unopposed in the general election, his victory in the August 26 primary was tantamount to election. He defeated William P. Davis in a landslide.


1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi, Democratic primary
The Democratic primary election was held on August 26, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in Mississippi, Bibliography
This Mississippi elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1952 United States Senate election in Missouri
The 1952 United States Senate election in Missouri was held on November 4, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in Missouri
Incumbent Republican Senator James P. Kem ran for re-election to a second term in office, but was defeated by Secretary of the Air Force Stuart Symington.


1952 United States Senate election in Montana
The 1952 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent United States Senator Zales Ecton, who was first elected to the Senate in 1946, ran for re-election. Ecton won the Republican primary uncontested, and advanced to the general election, where he faced Mike Mansfield, the United States Congressman from Montana's 1st congressional district and the Democratic nominee. Following a close campaign, Mansfield narrowly defeated Ecton, winning his first of several terms in the Senate.


1952 United States Senate election in Nebraska
The 1952 United States Senate election in Nebraska took place on November 2, 1952. The incumbent Republican Senator, Hugh A. Butler, was re-elected to a third term. He defeated Stanley D. Long. A special election to finish Kenneth S. Wherry's term was held on the same day. The independent candidate Dwight Dell also ran for the seat, despite acknowledging his slim chance of election. Butler performed on par with Dwight D. Eisenhower, who won the state with 69.15% of the vote in the presidential election.


1952 United States Senate election in Nebraska, Other candidates
A petition to put Dwight Dell, the state director of the Christian Rural Overseas Program, onto the ballot were circulated by an anti-conscription campaign, known as the Committee to Elect Dell and Knowles, opposing its use in the Korean War. Dell promised to run only if the petition received over 5,000 votes. Dell ran as a pacifist, calling for a reduction in armaments.


1952 United States Senate election in New Jersey
The United States Senate election of 1952 in New Jersey was held on November 4, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in New Jersey
Incumbent Republican Senator H. Alexander Smith was re-elected to a second term against Undersecretary of the Army Archibald S. Alexander. Both men were residents of Princeton.


1952 United States Senate election in New Jersey
As of 2021, this is the last time the Republicans won the Class 1 Senate seat in New Jersey.


1952 United States Senate election in New York
The 1952 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 4. Incumbent Republican Senator Irving M. Ives was re-elected to a second term in office over Democrat John Cashmore with a then-record margin of victory.


1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention
The Democratic State Convention was held at the Commodore Hotel in Manhattan on August 28. A welcoming speech was delivered by Mayor Vincent Impellitteri. Before the candidates were announced, presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II addressed the delegates. John Cashmore was nominated on the first ballot. He overcame five avowed candidates, including Manhattan Borough President Robert F. Wagner Jr., who had been the favorite for the seat only weeks before.


1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention
Cashmore also rejected a last-minute proposal by party chairman Paul E. Fitzpatrick that he and the other leading candidates would withdraw in an effort to draft W. Averell Harriman into the race. Harriman had recently been an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for President and had publicly stated he would not run for Senator. However, Fitzpatrick believed that the Liberal Party, which openly preferred Harriman or Wagner, would refuse to support Cashmore. Cashmore, certain of his chances even without Liberal support, declined.


1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention
After it became clear that Cashmore had a majority on the first ballot, Wagner moved to make his nomination unanimous, and county delegations began to switch to him en masse. Before switches, the first ballot stood as follows:


1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention
Cashmore had solid support from his native Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and the Capital District. Wagner's support came from Manhattan, Long Island, and Buffalo. Cashmore also took twelve crucial votes in Wagner's native Manhattan, delivered to him by renegade West Side leader Robert B. Blaikie. Westchester, which was expected to be solidly for its native son Stanley Church, had not yet voted before it became clear Cashmore would win; the county voted for Cashmore instead, beginning the stampede.


1952 United States Senate election in New York, Democratic nomination, Convention
Cashmore made an acceptance speech in which he assailed Senator Ives for playing to the reactionary base of the Republican Party despite his publicly avowed progressivism.


1952 United States Senate election in New York, Liberal nomination
The Liberal met on August 28 and formally nominated Dr. George S. Counts, Professor of Education at Teachers College, Columbia University. Counts's nomination was intended to be temporary, as the Liberal Party usually cross-endorsed the Democratic nominee. However, the nomination of John Cashmore proved untenable for the Liberals, and in early September they chose to stick by Counts as their candidate. The party considered endorsing Senator Ives but decided against such an endorsement due to Ives's vote for the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. Counts himself chose not to withdraw from the race before the deadline of September 5, after Cashmore rejected a proposal that they both drop out in favor of Averell Harriman.


1952 United States Senate election in New York, General election, Results
The Republican incumbent Ives was re-elected with the then-largest margin in state history.


1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 4, 1952, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of North Dakota, concurrently with other Class 1 elections to the Senate and various other federal, state, and local elections.


1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota
Incumbent Republican-NPL Senator William Langer was re-elected to a third term with 66.35% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate Harold A. Morrison with 23.26% of the vote and independent candidate Fred G. Aandahl with 10.40% of the vote. Aandahl, the 23rd Governor of North Dakota, ran as an independent after having failed to defeat Langer in the Republican primary.


1952 United States Senate election in Ohio
The 1952 United States Senate election in Ohio was held on November 4, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in Ohio
Incumbent Republican Senator John W. Bricker was re-elected to a second term in office over Director of the Economic Stabilization Agency and former Toledo mayor Michael DiSalle.


1952 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
The 1952 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Edward Martin successfully sought re-election to another term, defeating the Democratic nominee, Guy K. Bard.


1952 United States Senate election in Tennessee
The 1952 United States Senate election in Tennessee was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic Senator and President pro tempore of the Senate Kenneth D. McKellar ran for re-election to a seventh term in office, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by U.S. Representative Al Gore. Gore easily won the general election against Republican Hobart Atkins.


1952 United States Senate election in Texas
The 1952 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Tom Connally did not run for re-election to a fifth term.


1952 United States Senate election in Texas
Attorney General Price Daniel won the open race to succeed him, defeating U.S. Representative Lindley Beckworth in the Democratic primary on July 26. Daniel was unopposed in the general election, as the Texas Republican Party chose to endorse the Democratic ticket for all state offices to maximize votes for their presidential nominee Dwight Eisenhower.


1952 United States Senate election in Vermont
The 1952 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Ralph Flanders successfully ran for re-election to another term in the United States Senate, defeating Democratic candidate Allan R. Johnston.


1952 United States Senate election in Virginia
The 1952 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr. was re-elected to a fourth term after defeating Independent Democrat H. M. Vise Sr. and Social Democrat Clarke Robb.


1952 United States Senate election in Washington
The 1952 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Harry Cain ran for a second term in office, but was defeated by Democratic U.S. Representative Henry M. Jackson.


1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
The 1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin was held on November 4, 1952.


1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy was elected to a second term in office over Democrat Thomas E. Fairchild. McCarthy did not complete his term; he died on May 2, 1957 and was succeeded by William Proxmire in a special election.


1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
As of 2021, this is the last time the Republicans won the Class 1 senate seat in Wisconsin.


1952 United States Senate election in Wisconsin, General election, Results
The 1952 race was much closer than McCarthy's 1946 victory, and he trailed Republican presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower by around 100,000 votes in the state.


1952 United States Senate election in Wyoming
The 1952 United States Senate election in Wyoming took place November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democratic Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney ran for his fourth consecutive term. He faced a strong challenge from Republican Governor Frank A. Barrett, and faced difficult headwinds as Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican nominee for president, was winning Wyoming in a landslide over Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson. Despite his history of strong performances in the increasingly conservative state, however, O'Mahoney was unable to replicate it, and narrowly lost to Barrett. However, O'Mahoney would return to the Senate less than two years later; following the death of Senator Lester C. Hunt, he was elected to the Senate once again in the 1954 election.


1952 United States Senate elections
The 1952 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower to the presidency by a large margin. The Republicans took control of the senate by managing to make a net gain of two seats, which was reduced to one when Wayne Morse (R-OR) became an independent. The Republicans still held a majority after Morse's switch. This election was the second time in history (after 1932) that the party in power lost their majority and the Senate Majority Leader lost his own re-election bid. (In addition, this was the second consecutive election in which a sitting Democratic Senate leader lost his seat.) This was the last time the Senate changed hands in a presidential election year until 1980 and the last time the GOP won control of the Senate until 1980.


1952 United States Senate elections, Results summary
Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.


1952 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 82nd Congress
In these special elections the winners were seated before January 3, 1953; ordered by election date, then state.


1952 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 83rd Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1953; ordered by state.


1952 United States Senate elections, Connecticut
There were two elections on the same day due to the July 28, 1952 death of two-term Democrat Brien McMahon.


1952 United States Senate elections, Connecticut
Republican businessman William Purtell was appointed August 29, 1952 to continue the class 3 term, pending a special election in which he was not a candidate. Purtell was already the Republican nominee in the regular election for the class 1 seat, a race he then won.


1952 United States Senate elections, Michigan
There were two elections to the same seat on the same day due to the April 18, 1951 death of five-term Republican Arthur Vandenberg. Democratic journalist Blair Moody was appointed April 23, 1951 to continue the term pending a special election. The primary elections were held August 5, 1952. Moody lost both the special and the regular elections to Republican congressman Charles E. Potter.


1952 United States Senate elections, New Jersey
As of 2020, this was the last time that Republicans have won the Class 1 U.S Senate seat from New Jersey.


1952 United States Senate elections, New York
In New York, the Liberal State Committee met on August 28, and nominated Dr. George S. Counts, Professor of Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, for the U.S. Senate. The Republican State Committee re-nominated the incumbent U.S. senator Irving M. Ives. The Democratic State Committee met on August 28, and nominated Brooklyn Borough President John Cashmore for the U.S. Senate.


1952 United States Senate elections, New York
The Republican incumbent Ives was re-elected with the then largest plurality in state history.


1952 United States Senate elections in Michigan
The 1952 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 4, 1952 alongside a special election to the same seat.


1952 United States Senate elections in Michigan
Republican Senator Arthur Vandenberg died in office in April 1951. Governor G. Mennen Williams appointed journalist Blair Moody to fill Vandenberg's seat until a successor could be duly elected. Moody then lost the special election to complete Vandenberg's term and the regularly scheduled 1952 election to U.S. Representative Charles E. Potter, both held on November 4.


1952 United States Senate elections in Michigan, Republican primary, Candidates
Keyes and Prevost were not candidates for the special election to finish Vandenberg's term.


1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut
The 1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut was held on November 4, 1952 to fill the vacancy left by the death of Brien McMahon.


1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut
Incumbent Senator Prescott Bush, who won a special election in 1952, was re-elected to a full term in office over Democratic U.S. Representative Thomas J. Dodd.


1952 United States Senate special election in Connecticut, Background
Senator Brien McMahon, whose term in office was scheduled to expire in 1957, died on July 28, 1952. William A. Purtell, who was already the Republican nominee for Connecticut's other Senate seat in a regularly scheduled election for the term expiring in 1959, was appointed to fill the seat until a successor could be duly elected. Purtell continued to stand in the regular election rather than run for the remainder of McMahon's term.


1952 United States Senate special election in Nebraska
The 1952 United States Senate special election in Nebraska took place on November 2, 1952. Kenneth S. Wherry was elected to the term in 1948. Following his death, State Senator Fred A. Seaton was appointed to the vacancy. Dwight Griswold was elected to complete Wherry's term, defeating William Ritchie. The election was held alongside a regular election. Griswold underperformed Dwight D. Eisenhower, who won the state with 69.15% of the vote in the presidential election.


1952 United States elections
The 1952 United States elections were held on November 4, 1952. The Republicans took control of the presidency and both chambers of Congress for the first time since the Great Depression. The election took place during the Korean War.


1952 United States elections
Republican nominee Five-star general Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated Democratic Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower won the popular vote by eleven points, and carried every state outside the South. Eisenhower took the Republican nomination on the first ballot, defeating Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft and California Governor Earl Warren. After incumbent president Harry S. Truman declined to seek re-election, Stevenson won the Democratic nomination on the third ballot, defeating Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, Georgia Senator Richard Russell Jr., and former Commerce Secretary W. Averell Harriman. Eisenhower was the first professional soldier to be elected president since Ulysses S. Grant.


1952 United States elections
The Republicans gained twenty-two seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, gaining a majority over the Democrats. The House elections took place after the 1950 United States Census and the subsequent Congressional re-apportionment. The Republicans also became the majority in the U.S. Senate, gaining two seats.


1952 United States elections
To date, 1952 is the last time both houses of Congress and the Presidency have all flipped in the same election, and it would be the last time the Republicans won the Senate Majority until 1980 and the last time they would win the House Majority until 1994.


1952 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1952, in 30 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 4, 1952 (September 8 in Maine).


1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team
The 1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland from July 14 to August 2, 1952. Warren Womble was the team's head coach, and Phog Allen was the team's main assistant coach. The team won its third straight Summer Olympics basketball gold medal.


1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Roster
The team consisted of 14 members. It included five members of the Amateur Athletic Union's Peoria Caterpillars team and two Phillips 66ers. The team also featured seven players from the National Champion 1951–52 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, as well as their coach Phog Allen, who served as assistant on the team.


1952 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Final match up versus USSR
The final match up game was a very low scoring game. After only ten minutes, Team USA led 4–3. After USSR took a lead in the third quarter, Team USA began to display their offense by shooting well. Team USA won the game by 11 points. Lovellette scored nine points, while Kurland scored eight points.


1952 United States presidential election
The 1952 United States presidential election was the 42nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4, 1952. Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower won a landslide victory over Democrat Adlai Stevenson, ending a string of Democratic Party wins that stretched back to 1932.


1952 United States presidential election
Stevenson emerged victorious on the third presidential ballot of the 1952 Democratic National Convention, defeating Kefauver, Senator Richard Russell Jr. of Georgia, and other candidates. The Republican nomination was primarily contested by Eisenhower, a general who was widely popular for his leadership in World War II, and conservative Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio. With the support of Thomas E. Dewey and other party leaders, Eisenhower narrowly prevailed over Taft at the 1952 Republican National Convention with Richard Nixon, a young senator from California, as his running mate. In the first televised presidential campaign Eisenhower, in sharp contrast to Stevenson, was charismatic and very well known.


1952 United States presidential election
Republicans attacked Truman's handling of the Korean War and the broader Cold War, and alleged that Soviet spies had infiltrated the U.S. government. Democrats faulted Eisenhower for failing to condemn Republican Senator Joe McCarthy and other reactionary Republicans who they alleged had engaged in reckless and unwarranted attacks, while Stevenson tried to separate himself from the unpopular Truman administration, instead campaigning on the popularity of the New Deal and stoking fears of another Great Depression under a Republican administration.


1952 United States presidential election
Eisenhower retained his enormous popularity from the war, as seen in his campaign slogan "I Like Ike". Eisenhower's popularity and Truman's unpopularity led to a Republican victory, and Eisenhower won 55.18% of the popular vote, carrying every state outside of the South, as well as Virginia, Tennessee, Florida, and Texas, states that had almost always voted for Democrats since the end of Reconstruction.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party
The fight for the Republican nomination was between General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who became the candidate of the party's moderate eastern establishment; Senator Robert A. Taft from Ohio, the longtime leader of the Republican Party's conservative wing; Governor Earl Warren of California, who appealed to Western delegates and independent voters; and former Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota, who still had a base of support in the Midwest.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party
The moderate Eastern Republicans were led by New York governor Thomas E. Dewey, the party's presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948. The moderates tended to be interventionists who felt that the country needed to fight the Cold War overseas and confront the Soviet Union in Eurasia. They were also willing to accept most aspects of the social welfare state created by the New Deal in the 1930s. The moderates were also concerned with ending the Republicans' losing streak in presidential elections; they felt that the popular Eisenhower had the best chance of beating the Democrats.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party
For this reason, Dewey declined the notion of a third run for president despite his large amount of support within the party. The GOP had been out of power for 20 years, and the sentiment that a proper two-party system needed to be reestablished was strong. It was also felt that a Republican Party in control of the White House would have more incentive to rein in unpopular demagogues such as Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party
The conservative Republicans, led by Taft, were based in the Midwest and parts of the South. The Midwest was a bastion of conservatism and isolationist sentiment. Dislike of Europeans, in particular Great Britain, was common, and there was a widespread feeling that the British manipulated American foreign policy and were eager to kowtow to the Soviet Union, although attitudes were beginning to change among the younger generation who had fought in World War II. Taft had unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1940 and 1948 presidential elections, losing both times to moderate candidates from New York (Wilkie and Dewey). At the age of 63, Taft felt that this was his last chance to run for president, so his friends and supporters worked diligently on his behalf.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party
Warren, although highly popular in California, refused to campaign in the presidential primaries and thus limited his chances of winning the nomination. He did retain the support of the California delegation, and his supporters hoped that, in the event of an Eisenhower–Taft deadlock, Warren might emerge as a compromise candidate.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party
After being persuaded to run, Eisenhower scored a major victory in the New Hampshire primary, when his supporters wrote his name onto the ballot, giving him an upset victory over Taft. However, from there until the Republican National Convention, the primaries were divided fairly evenly between the two, and by the time the convention opened, the race for the nomination was still too close to call. Taft won the Nebraska, Wisconsin, Illinois and South Dakota primaries, while Eisenhower won in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Oregon.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party
Stassen and Warren only won their home states of Minnesota and California respectively, which effectively ended their chances of earning the nomination. General Douglas MacArthur also won the support of ten delegates from various states (mostly Oregon), but had made it clear from early in the race that he had no interest in being nominated.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
When the 1952 Republican National Convention opened in Chicago, most political experts rated Taft and Eisenhower as neck-and-neck in the delegate vote totals. Eisenhower's managers, led by Dewey and Massachusetts senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., accused Taft of "stealing" delegate votes in Southern states such as Texas and Georgia. They claimed that Taft's leaders in these states had unfairly denied delegate spots to Eisenhower supporters and put Taft delegates in their place. Lodge and Dewey proposed to evict the pro-Taft delegates in these states and replace them with pro-Eisenhower delegates; they called this proposal "Fair Play".


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
Although Taft and his supporters angrily denied this charge, the convention voted to support Fair Play 658 to 548, and Taft lost many Southern delegates. Eisenhower's chances were boosted when several uncommitted state delegations, such as Michigan and Pennsylvania, decided to support him, and also when Stassen released his delegates and asked them to support Eisenhower. The removal of many pro-Taft Southern delegates and the support of the uncommitted states decided the nomination in Eisenhower's favor.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
However, the convention was among the most bitter and emotional in American history. When Senator Everett Dirksen from Illinois, a Taft supporter, pointed at Dewey on the convention floor during a speech and accused him of leading the Republicans "down the road to defeat," mixed boos and cheers rang out from the delegates, and there were even fistfights between some Taft and Eisenhower delegates.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
In the end, Eisenhower narrowly defeated Taft on the first ballot. To heal the wounds caused by the battle, he visited Taft's hotel suite and met with him. Taft issued a brief statement congratulating Eisenhower on his victory, but he was bitter about the accusation that he had stolen delegates and he withheld his active support for Eisenhower for several weeks after the convention. In September 1952, Taft and Eisenhower met again at Morningside Heights in New York City, where Taft promised to actively support Eisenhower in exchange for the fulfillment of a number of requests.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
These included a demand that Eisenhower would offer Taft's followers a fair share of patronage positions if he went on to win the election and that Eisenhower would agree to balance the federal budget and "fight creeping domestic socialism in every field." Eisenhower agreed to the terms, and Taft campaigned assiduously for the Republican ticket. In fact, Eisenhower and Taft agreed on most domestic issues; their disagreements were primarily on foreign policy.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
Though there were initial suggestions that Warren could earn the party's vice-presidential slot for the second successive election if he withdrew and endorsed Eisenhower, he ultimately chose not to do so. Eisenhower wished to award the VP nod to Stassen, who had endorsed Eisenhower and held generally similar political positions. However, the party bosses wanted to find a running mate who could mollify Taft's supporters, as the schism between the moderate and conservative wings was so severe that it was feared that the conservatives may run Taft as a third-party candidate.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
Eisenhower had apparently given little thought to choosing his running mate. When asked, he replied that he assumed the convention would pick someone. The spot ultimately fell to the young California senator Richard Nixon, who was viewed as a centrist. Nixon was known as an aggressive campaigner and a fierce anti-communist, but as one who shied away from some of the more extreme ideas of the party's right wing, including isolationism and dismantling the New Deal. Most historians now believe that Eisenhower's nomination was the result his perceived electability against the Democrats; most of the delegates were conservatives who would probably have supported Taft if they felt that he could have won the general election.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Republican Party, Republican Convention
Despite not earning the presidential or vice-presidential nomination, Warren would subsequently be appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in October 1953, while Stassen would hold various positions within Eisenhower's administration.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party
The expected candidate for the Democratic nomination was incumbent President Harry S. Truman. Since the newly passed 22nd Amendment did not apply to whoever was president at the time of its passage, he was eligible to run again. But Truman entered 1952 with his popularity plummeting, according to polls. The bloody and indecisive Korean War was dragging into its third year, Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist crusade was stirring public fears of an encroaching "Red Menace", and the disclosure of widespread corruption among federal employees (including some high-level members of Truman's administration) left Truman at a low political ebb. Polls showed that he had a 66% disapproval rating, a record only matched decades later by Richard Nixon and surpassed by George W. Bush.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party
Truman's main opponent was populist Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, who had chaired a nationally televised investigation of organized crime in 1951 and was known as a crusader against crime and corruption. The Gallup poll of February 15 showed Truman's weakness: nationally Truman was the choice of only 36% of Democrats, compared with 21% for Kefauver. Among independent voters, however, Truman had only 18% while Kefauver led with 36%. In the New Hampshire primary, Kefauver upset Truman, winning 19,800 votes to Truman's 15,927 and capturing all eight delegates.


1952 United States presidential election, Nominees, Democratic Party
Kefauver graciously said that he did not consider his victory "a repudiation of Administration policies, but a desire...for new ideas and personalities." Stung by this setback, Truman announced March 29 that he would not seek re-election (however, Truman insisted in his memoirs that he had decided not to run for reelection well before his defeat by Kefauver).