1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Conference Structure
There were 82 presentations with a devotional lecture each day at noon; Sabbath (Saturday) programs were open to the public. The meeting commenced with a communion service on Friday afternoon and a "revival" church service on Sabbath led by the former General Conference (GC) president, J. L. McElhany. The sessions were chaired by the General Conference president, W. H. Branson, and fellow GC Vice-presidents.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Planning Committee
A planning committee of 23 members asked participants to present. Potential speakers were asked to write up their presentations and submit them to the committee. They were then "preached" (as opposed to reading them). In only a "few" cases were individuals asked to leave things out of their prepared presentations, and most of the suggestions were given to help avoid repetition among presenters.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Planning Committee
The planning committee consisted of W. H. Branson, L. K. Dickson, E. D. Dick, H. L. Rudy, A. V. Olson, R. R. Figuhr, W. B. Ochs, R. A. Anderson, C. L. Torrey, D. E. Rebok, L. E. Froom, W. A. Spicer, Glenn Calkins, E. E. Cossentine, J. E. Weaver, M. V. Campbell, L. L. Moffitt, T. H. Jemison, W. E. Read, F. D. Nichol, M. L. Rice, F. H. Yost, and C. L. Bauer.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Planning Committee
Seventh-day Adventist leaders set a goal to double church membership from 1950 to 1953. Therefore, revival was needed among church leaders to help further this evangelistic goal. It was furthermore believed that because a whole new generation of leaders had "come on the scene of action" that they would benefit by a series of revival meetings centered on Bible study. Furthermore, a re-examination of docrinal positions would help "make sure that they are setting forth the truth in a way that most fully explains the meaning of the times."." In addition, events surrounding World War II caused Adventist prophetic expositors to re-examine some points of prophetic exposition.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis
Siegfried H. Horn spoke several times at the conference. The year before, he had received a Ph.D. in Egyptology from the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. He studied briefly under William F. Albright. Two of Horn's presentations have been preserved as audio recordings. He provided a review of archaeological discoveries relevant to the biblical record and reported recent discoveries in both archaeology and palaeography, a few of which he gave eye-witness accounts. In the first of the two published volumes of the conference, fifty-five pages cover his report.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis
Another significant lecture was given by W. E. Read on the topic of Armageddon. His lecture represented a dramatic shift in Adventist eschatology. During and prior to World War II Adventists had interpreted Armageddon as a battle between the Oriental and Western nations. Read argued that the battle of Armageddon was instead a battle between the forces of good and evil. This position has since become an accepted stance in the denomination.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis
Several presentations focused on attacks by Bible critics. According to Francis D. Nichol, one of the leaders of the conference, Adventists needed to take "these very missiles that are so confidently hurled at them . . . [ and]  even more confidently hurled [them] back at the Bible critic." In this light, several presentations focused on recent archaeological discoveries as "evidence for Bible inspiration."." Study was also given to the relation of "science to Adventist faith."


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Highlights and Analysis
Edward Heppenstall's presentations on the Two Covenants became the normative interpretation on the topic in the denomination to the present day. Heppenstall emphasized the importance of the heart in obeying the Ten Commandments a view taught by Ellen G. White. Early Adventists had tended to emphasized legalism (i.e. "obey and live") and during the early twentieth-century had felt the influence of the dispensationalist view of the covenants (old covenant belonged to the Old Testament). Heppenstall re-emphasized the church belief, that the old and New Covenants are part of an everlasting covenant.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Legacy
Shortly after the Bible Conference, the Biblical Research Committee was founded by the General Conference. This new organization was created to encourage biblical research and to provide guidance to those who have new biblical ideas. The committee was chaired by W. E. Read until 1956 and has become the Biblical Research Institute.


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Legacy
The 1952 Bible Conference, according to Cottrell, opened the way for new scholarly projects like the Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary (published 1953-1957) and Problems in Bible Translation (1954).


1952 Bible Conference (Adventist), Research
The edited transcripts of the 1952 Conference were published as Our Firm Foundation. In addition, the recordings of the Bible Conference have recently been conserved and digitized at the Loma Linda University Archives & Special Collections. They are also available at Adventist Archives.


1952 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1952 Big Ten Conference football season was the 57th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference) and was a part of the 1952 college football season.


1952 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1952 Wisconsin Badgers football team, under head coach Ivy Williamson, compiled a 6–3–1 record, tied for the Big Ten championship, was ranked No. 10 in the final UP poll and No. 11 in the final AP poll, and lost to USC in the 1953 Rose Bowl. Tackle Dave Suminski was the team's only first-team All-American and was selected as the team's most valuable player. Sophomore Alan Ameche was a first-team All-Big Ten player, set a Wisconsin record with 946 rushing yards, and went on to win the 1954 Heisman Trophy.


1952 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team, under head coach Stu Holcomb, was the Big Ten co-champion and ranked No. 12 in the final UP poll and No. 18 in the final AP poll. Purdue end Bernie Flowers was the Big Ten's only consensus first-team All-American in 1952 and was the first Big Ten player selected in the 1953  NFL Draft. Dale Samuels was the first Purdue quarterback to pass for over 1,000 yards in a season.


1952 Big Ten Conference football season
The conference's statistical leaders included Illinois quarterback Tommy O'Connell with 1,761 passing yards and 1,724 yards of total offense, Alan Ameche with 946 rushing yards, and Indiana's Gene Gedman with 54 points scored.


1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1952 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1952 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold


1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP)as first-team players on the 1952 All-Big Ten Conference football team. The AP picked separate offensive and defensive units, whereas the UP selected a single, eleven man unit.


1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
At the end of the 1952 season, only one Big Ten player secured a consensus first-team pick on the 1952 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:


1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
Other Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:


1952 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
Minnesota running back Paul Giel finished third in the voting for the 1952 Heisman Trophy.


1952 Big Ten Conference football season, 1953 NFL Draft
The following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1953 NFL Draft:


1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
This is a list of people elected at the 1952 general election to the Bihar Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power. Shri Krishna Singh became the first elected Chief Minister of Bihar and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha became the first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of the state.


1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization
Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Hence the constituencies were reduced from 330 in 1951 to 318 in 1957 elections.


1952 Birmingham Small Heath by-election
The Birmingham Small Heath by-election was held on 27 November 1952. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Fred Longden. It was won by the Labour candidate William Wheeldon.


1952 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1952 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in supplements the London Gazette on 30 May 1952 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, and Pakistan.


1952 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1952 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were the first birthday honours of the new queen's reign, and were announced on 5 June 1952.


1952 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1952 Bolivian Primera División
The 1952 Bolivian Primera División, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams, all hailing from La Paz and played their matches at the Hernando Siles Stadium. The champion was The Strongest.


1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Bombay were held on 26 March 1952. 1239 candidates contested for the 260 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 1 three-member, 47 two-member constituencies and 212 single-member constituencies.


1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization
On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra state and Kutch state, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost Kannada-speaking districts of Dharwar, Bijapur, North Kanara and Belgaum (excluding the Chandgad taluk) were transferred to Mysore state, while Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan. Hence the constituencies increased from 315 to 396 in 1957 elections.


1952 Boston Braves season
The 1952 Boston Braves season was the 82nd season of the franchise; the team went 64–89 (.418) and was seventh in the eight-team National League, 32 games behind the pennant-winning Brooklyn Dodgers. Home attendance for the season at Braves Field was under 282,000.


1952 Boston Braves season
This was the final season for the franchise in Boston, Massachusetts, and the last home game at Braves Field was played on September 21. Several weeks prior to the 1953 season, the team moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which was the first franchise relocation in the majors in a half century. By 1958, four other teams had moved. The Braves stayed for thirteen years in Milwaukee, and then went to Atlanta prior to the 1966 season.


1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1952 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1952 college football season. The Eagles were led by second-year head coach Mike Holovak and played their home games at Braves Field in Boston, Massachusetts.


1952 Boston Red Sox season
The 1952 Boston Red Sox season was the 52nd season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished sixth in the American League (AL) with a record of 76 wins and 78 losses, 19 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1952 World Series.


1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1952 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record and was outscored by their opponents by a total of 139 to 216.


1952 Bournemouth East and Christchurch by-election
The Bournemouth East and Christchurch by-election of 6 February 1952 was held after Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Brendan Bracken was elevated to the House of Lords. The seat was retained by the Conservatives.


1952 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1952 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their 12th season under head coach Bob Whittaker, the Falcons compiled a 7–2 record (2–2 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 257 to 155.


1952 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The team's statistical leaders were Bill Lyons with 915 passing yards, and Fred Durig with 858 rushing yards, and Jim Ladd with 632 receiving yards. Darrell Clay was the team captain. Fullback Fred Durig received the team's Most Valuable Player award.


1952 Bradfield by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Bradfield on 20 December 1952. This was triggered by the death of Liberal Party MP and former Prime Minister Billy Hughes.


1952 Bradfield by-election
The election was won by Liberal Party candidate Harry Turner on a severely reduced margin, but against an Independent candidate rather than one from the Labor Party, which did not field a candidate in the safe Liberal seat.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition
The 1952 British expedition to Cho Oyu (26,750 feet (8,150 m)) the Turquoise Goddess was organized by the Joint Himalayan Committee. It had been hoped to follow up the 1951 Everest expedition with another British attempt on Everest in 1952, but Nepal had accepted a Swiss application for 1952, to be followed in 1953 with a British attempt. So in 1952, Eric Shipton was to lead an attempt to ascend Cho Oyu, and Griffith Pugh was to trial oxygen equipment and train members for 1953. But the expedition failed both aims; that plus Shipton’s poor leadership and planning resulted in his replacement as a leader for the 1953 expedition.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition
The expedition members were Eric Shipton, Charles Evans, Tom Bourdillon, Ray Colledge, Alfred Gregory and Griffith Pugh (UK); from NZ Ed Hillary, George Lowe and Earle Riddiford, and from Canada Campbell Secord (Michael Ward was not available as he was completing his national military service and sitting an surgery examination). The expedition sailed on 7 March from Southampton; except for Shipton, Pugh and Secord who flew out later.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition
The New Zealand Alpine Club (NZAC) provided financial support, though because of sponsorship by The Times other newspaper articles could not be published until a month afterwards. Riddiford ate and tented with the British members because of his dispute with Lowe in Ranikhet when he was selected for the 1951 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition instead of Lowe (who did not have the money to pay his share of the costs)


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Objectives and planning
The objectives were to ascend the summit; and to train up a pool of climbers who could acclimatise well at 24,000 feet (7,300 m) or more and to study the use of oxygen apparatus.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Objectives and planning
Shipton said in his first despatch to "The Times" that his objective was to climb Cho Oyu.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Objectives and planning
Eric Shipton had spent a day on lists of stores, but Earle Riddiford (who had returned from the 1951 expedition with Michael Ward and was now staying with Norman and Enid Hardie in London) had to do the ordering, packing and despatching, with Shipton often not around to consult. The New Zealand amount of food for two people was the same as what Shipton had allowed for four people. Shipton had included little sugar, butter, jam, porridge or milk. Riddiford described the food as "bloody awful", and said that younger climbers like Bourdillion were "half starved". So food stocks were supplemented with New Zealand supplies.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition
Base camp was established on 29 April 1952 at Lunak below the Nangpa La trading pass. On the trek in, Shipton acclimatised quickly, but he did not allow for others who did not.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition
Worried about being spotted by Chinese troops across the border, Shipton was unwilling to mount a full-scale attempt from Tibet where the climbing seemed easier or to establish a base (or at least one camp) on the Tibetan side (as proposed by Hillary, Lowe, Riddiford ,and Secord). Shipton had been a British consul in Kashgar and then Kunming, China until he was expelled by the new government, and wanted to avoid any clashes with Chinese troops on the Tibetan side in case they were denounced as spies, with the possibility of "derailing" the 1953 expedition.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition
(In 2006 there was a shooting incident involving Chinese troops near Nangpa La). But after a "demoralising" afternoon arguing against a camp on the Tibetan side Shipton agreed to a camp just short of the Nangpa La, and to send a party to attempt the first crossing of the Nup La pass to the east of Cho Oyo,  which could be quickly withdrawn if Chinese soldiers were sighted. The exploratory party was led by Ed Hillary, but was hampered by a dangerous ice cliff and a stretched supply chain, which had to turn back at 22,400 feet (6,800 m). Hillary later said he felt "almost a sense of shame that we'd allowed ourselves to admit defeat so easily".


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition
Hillary ,and Lowe with three "very nervous" Sherpas (Ang Puta, Tashi Puta and Angye) had crossed the Nup La col, so made the first crossings of the three cols between the Khumba and the Barun Valley. "We attempted the heavily crevassed head of the Ngojumba Glacier and forced away up the narrow Nup La Pass".


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition
Hillary and Lowe "like a couple of naughty schoolboys" went deep into Chinese territory, down to Rongbuk ,and round to the old prewar Camp III beneath the North Col. Crossing the icefalls took six days to cover 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) but were said Lowe "the most exciting, exacting and satisfying mountaineering that we had undertaken" and done "with less than I would have had for a weekend tramp in New Zealand" Going into the Barun Glacier between Everest and Makalu and seeing Tibet from the head completed a circuit of Everest over its highest passes.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, The Expedition
At the end of the expedition in June, Shipton went off with Evans, Hillary and Lowe through the jungles of Nepal and to the Indian border along the banks of the Arun River. They climbed eleven mountains in the Barun to the west of Nangpa La. Hillary and Lowe "rafted" down the Arun River on two air-mattresses joined together; just avoiding a massive whirlpool and cateract by hanging onto a rock and then to a rescue rope lowered by Shipton.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen
Griffith Pugh the expedition physiologist, was preparing for this role again in 1953. His formal recommendations to the Himalayan Committee included: fitness and team spirit essential; oxygen equipment necessary above South Col; closed-circuit oxygen favoured; clothing to be individually tailored; general and food hygiene important; climbers must acclimatise above 15,000 feet (4,600 m) for at least 36 days; and poor acclimatisation should not lead to rejection, as the cause could be temporary illness. But his experiments were "stymied" as no-one reached 24,000 feet (7,300 m).


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen
Pugh was critical of poor hygiene around the camps and the drinking of contaminated water, with sickness on the approach trek.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen
According to Pugh and Wood in 1953, the principal findings from experiments carried out on Menlung La at 20,000 feet (6,100 m) in 1952 were:


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Oxygen
Bourdillon decided that the best combination was a closed-circuit apparatus breathing pure oxygen for climbing and an open-circuit set giving a comparatively low concentration of oxygen for sleeping. With his father, Robert Bourdillon, he developed the closed-circuit oxygen apparatus used by Charles Evans and himself on their pioneering climb to the South Summit of Everest on 26 May 1953.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Aftermath
The expedition did not achieve either objective, and Shipton’s reputation was "very publicly blown to smithereens" in Britain, with the expedition "one of the great black holes in the history of postwar mountaineering" Chapter 11 is titled "A frightfully British bungle".


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Aftermath
Shipton did not face the Committee in London until 28 July because of the end trip. He was replaced as leader in 1953 by John Hunt.


1952 British Cho Oyu expedition, Aftermath
Shipton and Hillary only briefly mention the expedition in their memoirs. Several members thought Shipton an unsuitable "big party" leader for 1953: Pugh, Riddiford, Secord; and also Hillary privately in his diary although he was "guarded" in public comments.


1952 British Columbia general election
The 1952 British Columbia general election was the 23rd general election in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, alongside a plebiscite on daylight saving time and liquor. The election was called on April 10, 1952, and held on June 12, 1952. The new legislature met for the first time on February 3, 1953.


1952 British Columbia general election
It was the first BC general election to use a preferential ballot, a short-lived phenomenon in the province. The presence of multi-member districts, such as Victoria City with 3 MLAs, in conjunction with the alternative voting system called for an innovation where the district's candidates were split into three "ballots", each with one candidate from each party.


1952 British Columbia general election
The government until not long before the election had been a Liberal / Progressive Conservative coalition (the Conservatives had recently changed their name to match that of their federal cousins). After the coalition had collapsed, the Liberals felt threatened by the rising popularity of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. To lock out the CCF, the government adopted the alternative voting system instead of leaving the existing system in place or switching to STV.


1952 British Columbia general election
While they ran candidates separately under their own names, Liberal and Conservative party leaders believed that if Liberal voters picked the local Tory candidate as their second preference and vice versa, one of the candidates of the two parties would have enough votes to be elected in many districts, hopefully ensuring the coalition's retention of power.


1952 British Columbia general election
However, the Liberal and PC leaders had not reckoned on being so unpopular with the province's voters. The combined Liberal and PC vote total was 120,000 fewer votes than in the previous election, while the Social Credit party received almost 200,000 more votes than in 1949. The combined Liberal and Conservative vote totals surpassed 50 percent in only eight seat contests, so even if the party voters had adhered to coalition discipline, the coalition did not have enough votes to be elected in most of the districts. They received only a comparative few votes through vote transfers from CCF and SC candidates, whose supporters aided each other where possible.


1952 British Columbia general election
In districts where CCF candidates were eliminated, back-up preferences were marked overwhelmingly for the British Columbia Social Credit League (BCSCL). Combined with many second-preference votes transferred from eliminated Liberal and Conservative candidates, this gave the Social Credit party five seats in addition to the 14 seats where its candidates had a plurality in the first counts. In the end, the Social Credit party captured 19 seats. The CCF received 18 seats, helped in many cases by transfers from eliminated SC candidates. The coalition was decimated, winning only 10 seats between both parties. Both Premier Byron "Boss" Johnson and Tory leader Herbert Anscomb lost their seats.


1952 British Columbia general election
Not even the Socreds had expected to win the election. The party had no official leader. Alberta Social Credit Member of Parliament Ernest George Hansell had led the party during the election campaign without contesting a seat himself. The Socreds persuaded Tom Uphill, a Labour member of the Legislature (MLA), to support the party, and so the Socreds were able to form a minority government. (Otherwise, having to provide the Speaker meant that the SC seat total would have been reduced to only the same as the CCF's seat count.)


1952 British Columbia general election
The party's next task was to choose the province's new premier. In a vote of the newly elected caucus, W.A.C. Bennett, a former Conservative MLA who joined the Socreds after losing a bid for the Tory leadership, won a caucus vote and became premier-elect on July 15, 1952. This began what would be 21 years straight – and 36 of the next 39 years – of Social Credit rule in British Columbia. This would also be the last election to produce a minority government until 2017.


1952 British Columbia general election
In hopes of getting a stronger mandate, Bennett deliberately lost a confidence vote in 1953. This forced an election in June 1953 in which Social Credit won a majority of the seats.


1952 British Columbia general election, Results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1952 British Columbia general election, Results
1 In the previous election, the Liberal and Conservative parties ran candidates jointly as "Coalition" candidates, electing 39 MLAs. The Conservatives withdrew from the coalition in 1951 hastening the government's collapse.


1952 British Columbia plebiscite
A two-part plebiscite was held in British Columbia on 12 June 1952, alongside provincial elections. Voters were asked whether they approved of continuing with daylight saving time and allowing liquor and wine to be sold in licensed premises. Both proposals were approved.


1952 British Columbia plebiscite, Background
Daylight saving time had been introduced in British Columbia on 6 July 1941. Despite opposition from farmers, the federal government subsequently implemented daylight saving across the country until World War II ended. At the end of the conflict, the provincial government decided to retain the system. However, amidst continuing opposition from farmers, in March 1952, they opted to put the matter to a public vote.


1952 British Columbia plebiscite, Background
A 1916 referendum had seen a vote in favour of introducing prohibition in British Columbia, whilst a second referendum in 1920 resulted in prohibition being rejected in favour of a government-administered board becoming responsible for overseeing the retail sale of liquor in government-approved stores. However, the sale of alcohol in bars remained banned. Another referendum in 1924 allowed beer to be sold by the glass in bars, but wine and liquor could still only be sold in approved stores.


1952 British Grand Prix
The 1952 British Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 19 July 1952 at Silverstone Circuit. It was race 5 of 8 in the 1952 World Championship of Drivers, in which each Grand Prix was run to Formula Two rules rather than the Formula One regulations normally used.


1952 British Grand Prix
New pit facilities had been built on the straight between Woodcote and Copse corners; the original pits were located between Abbey and Woodcote.


1952 British Grand Prix, Report
Jean Behra was unable to take part in the British Grand Prix, having broken his shoulder blade at the non-championship Grand Prix de Sables d'Olonne the previous weekend. Consequently, Maurice Trintignant took over Behra's Gordini T16 for Silverstone, having driven a Simca-Gordini T15 at Rouen-Les-Essarts. The Gordini team also fielded regular drivers Robert Manzon and Prince Bira. As in the previous race, Belgian driver Johnny Claes entered a privateer Simca-Gordini under the 'Ecurie Belge' moniker.


1952 British Grand Prix, Report
Ferrari stuck with the same three drivers — Alberto Ascari, Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi — who had monopolised the podium positions at the French Grand Prix. There were also a number of privateer Ferrari entrants: Fischer and Hirt for Ecurie Espadon, Peter Whitehead and Roy Salvadori. HWM continued their policy of partnering regulars Peter Collins and Lance Macklin with a local driver, in this case Duncan Hamilton. The Connaught team ran a quartet of Lea Francis-engined entries — McAlpine, Downing, Thompson and Poore — while the remainder of the grid was made up of a series of privateers of various constructors, including Coopers and Maseratis.


1952 British Grand Prix, Report
The three works Ferraris, led on this occasion by Farina, again qualified in the top three positions on the grid, this time being joined on the four-car front row by Manzon. The second row consisted of Downing alongside Reg Parnell and Mike Hawthorn in a pair of Cooper-Bristols. The Connaughts of Poore and Thompson shared row three with Bira's Gordini and Hamilton in his HWM.


1952 British Grand Prix, Report
Ascari took the lead at the start of the race and held onto it for the whole 85 laps, taking his third consecutive victory in the World Championship. Polesitter Nino Farina was in second place for the first 26 laps but he dropped down the field when he needed to pit to change spark plugs, eventually finishing in sixth, just outside the points. Despite making a bad start that saw him drop to ninth by the end of the first lap, fellow Ferrari driver Taruffi recovered to take second place, finishing a lap behind Ascari.


1952 British Grand Prix, Report
Dennis Poore, who had been running in third after Farina's pit stop, needed to make a stop of his own in order to refuel his car. This allowed Hawthorn to inherit third place, which he held for the remainder of the race. He finished a lap behind Taruffi and took his first World Championship podium in just his third race. Poore took fourth, ahead of Connaught teammate Eric Thompson in the fifth and final points position.


1952 British Grand Prix, Report
Ascari's win, coupled with yet another fastest lap, allowed him to extend his lead in the Drivers' Championship once again. He now enjoyed an eight-point lead over fellow Ferrari driver Taruffi. Farina, having not scored any points, was seven points adrift of Taruffi.


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season
The 1952 Brooklyn Dodgers rebounded from the heartbreaking ending of 1951 to win the National League pennant by four games over the New York Giants. However, they dropped the World Series in seven games to the New York Yankees. Led by Gil Hodges, Jackie Robinson, and Duke Snider, the high-powered Brooklyn offense scored the most runs in the majors.


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 1
October 1, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 2
October 2, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 3
October 3, 1952, at Yankee Stadium in New York City


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 4
October 4, 1952, at Yankee Stadium in New York City


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 5
October 5, 1952, at Yankee Stadium in New York City


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 6
October 6, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York


1952 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1952 World Series, Game 7
October 7, 1952, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York


1952 Brown Bears football team
The 1952 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 2–7 record, and were outscored 220 to 89. M. Matteodo was the team captain. Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.


1952 Brownlow Medal
The 1952 Brownlow Medal was the 25th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bill Hutchison of the Essendon Football Club and Roy Wright of the Richmond Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty-one votes during the 1952 VFL season.


1952 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1952 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1952 college football season.


1952 Bucknell Bison football team
In its sixth season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 6–3 record. Harry McSorley and Abe Powelson were the team captains.


1952 Bucknell Bison football team
The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (I)
Results from the 1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix held in Buenos Aires on 9 March 1952, at the inauguration of the Autódromo Oscar Gálvez.


1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)
The second 1952 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was held in Buenos Aires on March 16, 1952, as the second inauguration race of the Autódromo Oscar Gálvez.


1952 Buffalo Bulls football team
The 1952 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Fritz Febel, the team compiled a 1–7 record. The team played its home games at Civic Stadium in Buffalo, New York.


1952 Bulgarian Cup
The 1952 Bulgarian Cup was the 12th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Slavia Sofia won the competition, beating Spartak Sofia 3–1 in the final at the People's Army Stadium in Sofia.


1952 Bulgarian Cup Final
The 1952 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 12th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Slavia Sofia and Spartak Sofia on 9 November 1952 at People's Army Stadium in Sofia. Slavia won the final 3–1.


1952 Cal Aggies football team
The 1952 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1952 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1952 Cal Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by fourth-year head coach Ted Forbes. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of two wins and seven losses (2–7, 2–1 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 112–263 for the 1952 season.


1952 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft
No Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1952 college football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).


1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The team was led by third-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season as champions of the CCAA, with a record of seven wins and three losses (7–3, 4–0 CCAA).


1952 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team
The 1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1952 college football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1952.


1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team
Cal Poly San Dimas was led by fourth-year head coach Duane Whitehead. Whitehead had been head coach from 1948–1950, but had been replaced by Don Rees for the 1951 season. The Broncos finished the season with a record of four wins and four losses (4–4). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 159–224 for the season. Whitehead finished his four-year tenure at Cal Poly San Dimas with a record of 13–22–1, for a .375 winning percentage.


1952 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 Calgary Stampeders season
The 1952 Calgary Stampeders finished in 3rd place in the W.I.F.U. with a 7–9 record. They were defeated in the W.I.F.U. Semi-Finals by the Edmonton Eskimos.


1952 California Golden Bears football team
The 1952 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1952 college football season. Under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the team compiled an overall record of 7–3 and 3–3 in conference.


1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election
Territorial Assembly elections were held in French Cameroons on 30 March 1952.


1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system
At the time of the election, the Territorial Assembly had 50 seats, of which 18 were elected by the first college and 32 were elected by the second college.


1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election, Campaign
A total of 303 candidates ran for the 50 seats; 65 candidates contested the 18 seats in the first college and 238 candidates contested the 32 seats in the second college.


1952 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election, Results
Of the 7,788 voters in the first college, 4,300 cast votes, whilst in the second college, 330,000 of the 520,605 registered voters voted.


1952 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby
The 1952 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby  was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province ("Provincia"), which beat the selection of Capital 6–0 in the final. Nine teams participated, with the debut of Mar del Plata selection.


1952 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final
Provincia: H. Solveyra, E. Caffarone, A. Palma, J. L. Guidi, C. Arana, R. Giles, G. Ehrman, L. Allen, M. Sarandón, R. Ochoa, J. S. Morganti (Cap. ), E. Domínguez, R. Follet, C. Swain, C. Travaglini. Capital:M. A. Miguel Villar, D. Evans, E. Fernández del Casal, R. Bazán, K. Green, I. Comas, P. Felisari, C. Bertolotto, H. Fiorioli, J. O'Farrell, J. Piccardo, C. Morea, M. Lanusse, F. Erazun, R. Pont Lezica.


1952 Campeonato Carioca
The 1952 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on August 17, 1952 and ended on January 22, 1953. It was organized by FMF (Federação Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Eleven teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 10th time. no teams were relegated.


1952 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1952 Campeonato Carioca, Extra Tournament
After the last edition of the Torneio Municipal, another tournament, officially called the Taça Carlos Martins da Rocha, popularly known as the Torneio Extra, was created to fill the gap in the clubs' schedules in the beginning of the year. That tournament only lasted one season, as the championship expanded to twelve teams in the following year.


1952 Campeonato Carioca, Extra Tournament
Twelve teams disputed that tournament; the eleven league teams and Oriente AC, champion of the amateur championship held by the Departamento Autônomo. They were divided into two groups of six, in which the teams within each group played each other in a single round-robin format, with the two best teams in each group qualifying into the Final phase, also played in a single round-robin format.


1952 Campeonato Paulista
The 1952 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão, organized by the Federação Paulista de Futebol, was the 51st season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Corinthians won the title for the 14th time. Jabaquara and Radium were relegated and the top scorer was Corinthians's Baltazar with 27 goals.


1952 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title and the two teams with the fewest points being relegated.


1952 Campeonato Profesional
The 1952 Campeonato Profesional was the fifth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 15 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the fourth year of El Dorado. Millonarios won the league for 3rd time in its history after getting 46 points.


1952 Campeonato Profesional, Background
The tournament was the fourth year of El Dorado. The number of teams was reduced from 18 to 15: Deportes Caldas and Once Deportivo joined to form Deportivo Manizales. Huracán de Medellín disappeared due to poor performance, while Independiente Medellín had to retire because of an economic crisis.


1952 Campeonato Profesional, Background
Universidad, who was also in an economic crisis, received a lot of players from other teams in order to enable their participation in the championship: Santa Fe loaned it Roberto Martínez, Atilio Miotti, Juan Candall, José María Arnaldo, Oscar Contreras, Luis López, Mario Fernández y Angel Perucca; Millonarios loaned Tomás Aves; Junior loaned Heraldo Ferreyro; Deportivo Manizales loaned Segundo Tessori, Vicente Gallina and Osvaldo Bianco; and Deportivo Samarios loaned Milos Dragoilovich.


1952 Campeonato Profesional, Background
Millonarios became the first team to win the championship three times, and the first team to win two consecutive titles. Alfredo Di Stéfano became goalscorer of the tournament for the second time in succession. This was the most successful year of the denominated Ballet Azul, in which also played 33 international matches, finishing with 20 wins, 10 draws and 3 losses, being the 4-2 win against Real Madrid its most memorable match.


1952 Campeonato Profesional, League system
Every team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.


1952 Cannes Film Festival
The 5th Cannes Film Festival was held from 23 April to 10 May 1952. As in the previous three festivals, the entire jury of this festival was made up of French persons, with Maurice Genevoix as the Jury President. The Grand Prix of the Festival went to the Two Cents Worth of Hope by Renato Castellani and Othello by Orson Welles. The festival opened with An American in Paris by Vincente Minnelli.


1952 Cannes Film Festival, Jury
The following people were appointed as the Jury of the competition:


1952 Cannes Film Festival, Out of competition
The following film was selected to be screened out of competition:


1952 Cannes Film Festival, Awards, Official awards
The following films and people received the 1952 awards:Feature Films


1952 Caribbean Series
The fourth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1952. It was held from February 20 through February 26, featuring the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Leones de la Habana; Panama, Carta Vieja Yankees; Puerto Rico, Senadores de San Juan and  Venezuela, Cervecería Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Panama City. The first pitch was thrown by Alcibíades Arosemena, by then the President of Panama.


1952 Caribbean Series, Summary
Cuba became the first country to win two Caribbean Series championships with an undefeated record of 5-0. The Cuban team, with manager/catcher Mike González at the helm, won the Series behind a strong pitching effort by Tommy Fine, who posted a 2-0 record with a 1.50 ERA in two complete-games and won Most Valuable Player honors. After a 3-3 tie against Puerto Rico in the Series opener, he was called by the Cuban team as a late replacement for future Hall of Famer Hoyt Wilhelm.


1952 Caribbean Series, Summary
Fine posted the only no-hitter pitched in any Caribbean series game, to give his team a 1-0 win against Venezuela. Five days later, Fine faced Panama's club and was close to glory. He was three outs from consecutive no-hitters in the series, having allowed a single in the ninth inning to break it up. His 17 hitless streak also is the longest in series history. Outfielder Sandy Amorós led series hitters with a .450 batting average (9-for-20), including personal numbers with a .650 SLG, six runs, six RBI. Other contributions came from OF Fernando Pedroso (.400), catcher Andrés Fleitas (.304), and infielders Lou Klein (.333) and Spider Jorgensen, who hit two of the team's three home runs.


1952 Caribbean Series, Summary
The clubs from Panama and Venezuela tied for second place with a 3-3 record. Panama was managed by Al Leap and included in the roster infielders Spook Jacobs, Joe Tuminelli and Jim Cronin, catcher León Kellman, and pitchers Connie Johnson and Marion Fricano.


1952 Caribbean Series, Summary
The Venezuelan club, led by José Antonio Casanova, featured players as right fielder Wilmer Fields (.360, two HR, .720 SLG, 8 RBI), shortstop Chico Carrasquel and third baseman Luis García, as well as catcher/outfielder Guillermo Vento and pitchers José Bracho, Emilio Cueche, Bob Griffith, Johnny Hetki, Al Papai and Luis Zuloaga. In addition, center fielder Héctor Benítez and third baseman Buddy Hicks joined Fields in the All-Star team.


1952 Caribbean Series, Summary
After a tied game with Cuba, Puerto Rico's team failed to win in their next five games. Managed by Fred Thon, their roster included outfielders Nino Escalera and Luis Rodríguez Olmo; pitchers Red Adams, Luis Arroyo, Art Ditmar and Pantalones Santiago, and OF/P Cot Deal.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election
An election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in April 1952. It was preceded by the 1949 election and followed, by the 1955 election.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result
After capturing control of the Council for the first time in 1949, Labour strengthened their hold by gaining an additional six seats in the Llanelli area. These included the two new wards created after boundary changes and the two wards in Llanelli town lost in by-elections in 1949. This counterbalanced the loss of Llangeler where Labour did not field a candidate. This was augmented by taking seven of the nine vacancies on the aldermanic bench.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Boundary changes
Two additional seats were created, at Burry Port and Felinfoel.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Retiring aldermen
Retiring Labour councillors Haydn Lewis and Evan Bevan stood down in Ammanford and Llandybie respectively to allow Aldermen Frank Davies, and D.B. Lewis to be returned unopposed. Likewise, H.H. Harries and J.H. Davies stood down in Llandissilio and Llansteffan in favour of Edward James and T.Ll. Harries. Aldermen John Phillips (Cwmamman) and J.D. Rees (St Clears) withdrew at the last moment.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Unopposed returns
34 members were returned unopposed, which included both rural and urban seats.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
25 seats were contested, including a number of instances where rival Independents fought each other. As in 1949, Independents sought to fight elections in Llanelli as a group, but had little success. Following the elections, Labour held all nine wards in Llanelli town for the first time.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
A number of retiring aldermen stood as candidates and were returned unopposed. In Carmarthen,  Alderman William Edwards, a member of the Council since 1928, stood in a town ward rather than in Llangunnor which he represented as a councilor until 1946. Edwards was defeated by the retiring Labour member.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 53 councillors were elected.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
In addition to the 59 councillors the council consisted of 19 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections, seven of the nine aldermanic vacancies were taken by Labour. The leader of the Labour group, Douglas Hughes, justified this by stating that the Independents had behaved in a similar fashion over many years.


1952 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections
Following the selection of aldermen the following by-elections were held. Four members of the previous authority who had stood down in favour of retiring aldermen were now returned unopposed. The two contested elections included a strong showing by Plaid Cymru in Ammanford.


1952 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 1952 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Kenneth "Bill" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 7–2 record (6–0 against IIAC opponents), won the IIAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 285 to 85.


1952 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Don Koleber with 417 passing yards, fullback Vern Hawes with 540 rushing yards, and Al Droth with 302 receiving yards. Guard Loren Dietrich received the team's most valuable player award. Eight Central Michigan players (Dietrich, Hawes, center Bill Banaszak, tackle Ken Barron, halfback Dave Clark, halfback Bill Doser, guard Marty Klozik, and halfback Chuck Miller) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.


1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Ceylon in 1952. It is notable for being the second and final election overseen and administered by the Department of Parliamentary Elections before its merger in 1955.


1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background
Prime Minister D.S. Senanayake died in March 1952, and was succeeded by his son, Dudley. The national wave of mourning for Ceylon's first prime minister greatly boosted the UNP's fortunes.


1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background
The 1952 election was the first contested by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, which had broken away from the UNP on a platform of Sinhala nationalism, and the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (Federal Party), which split from the All Ceylon Tamil Congress over joining the UNP government.


1952 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Results
Because the estate Tamils had been stripped of their citizenship by the Senanayake government, the Ceylon Indian Congress, which most of them had supported, was eliminated from Parliament and the Lanka Sama Samaja Party lost seats. The UNP won a majority, mainly at the cost of the CIC and the LSSP.


1952 Chadian Territorial Assembly election
Territorial Assembly elections were held in Chad on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for Gaullist parties, with the Rally of the French People winning all 15 seats in the First College and the Chadian Democratic Union winning 24 of the 30 seats in the Second College.


1952 Chadian Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system
The 45-seat Territorial Assembly had 15 seats elected by the first college in two constituencies, and 30 seats elected by the second college in ten constituencies.


1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo
The 1952 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the fifth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1951 edition were retained with no additions. Ferdinand Kübler won his second edition, having previously won in 1950. Italy won the nations championship.


1952 Champion Hurdle
The 1952 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 4 March 1952. It was the 23rd running of the Champion Hurdle and was the richest hurdle race of the calendar.


1952 Champion Hurdle, Main contenders
The race featured Sir Ken (SP 3/1), a French bred horse who came into it with an untarnished reputation winning his 8 previous England starts over hurdles in facile fashion; Hatton's Grace (SP 13/2) triple champion (1949, 1950, 1951) was looking for his 4th consecutive win in the race but was 12 years old and disappointed last time out at Naas when unplaced, admittedly carrying 12st 7lb in very soft conditions; 11 yo National Spirit (SP 20/1) dual champion (1947, 1948) also looked as a "light of other days" getting beat last time out at Windsor 4 lengths by another live contender Noholme (SP 100/7) whose preparation was going very well and was sent into the race fitter than his previous starts of the season; Telegram II (SP 9/1) who was punted on several news papers as the value bet had form at the course, his jumping skills were very impressive and also had speed to match it proving himself previously a high class flat horse finishing 4th in the 1950 Derby; Hunza (SP 20/1) unbeaten in 6 starts over hurdles against lesser opposition was sent directly to the Champion Hurdle without a preparation run since early December and the same applied to last year's favourite Average (SP 100/7) who came directly into the race from a fall on his seasonal debut in October, his trainer reported that he had him back to his best after some blips in training exercises and other health issues; National Spirit's stablemate Approaval (SP 9/1) was 2 times winner and 2 times runner-up last season and made a good return on his seasonal debut winning by 3 lengths giving 21 pounds to the runner-up. ; French-trained Fellah II (SP 100/7) had previously won all his 4 starts at Auteuil and was expected to run well while the Galway Hurdle winner Wye Fly (SP 100/8) was in good form as well and much fancied.


1952 Champion Hurdle, Race analysis
As the race started the former dual champion National Spirit was sent into the lead but couldn't maintain it for long dropping out tamely along with the other veteran Hatton's Grace who never looked like landing the 4th time spoils. Sir Ken was in a prominent position throughout the race and approaching the final stages a great battle began between him, Noholme and Approval, the trio jumping the last flight in line.


1952 Champion Hurdle, Race analysis
The crowd bursted in cheers for the heavily backed Sir Ken who started to move away winning by 2 lengths from Noholme, 4 lengths back to Approval with the 4th place going to the Tadcaster trained Average who ran a mighty race considering he hadn't had the ideal preparation with the last run back in October. The other fancy in the betting Telegram II "hit the third hurdle so hard that he nearly stopped. Long before the end he became tailed off and was pulled up before reaching the post".


1952 Champion Hurdle, Race analysis
The winner Sir Ken was at the time a five-year-old gelding trained in by Willie Stephenson and ridden by Tim Molony. It was the first victory of the Champion Hurdle hat trick which he completed in 1953 and 1954. The win extended his unbeaten streak to 9 hurdle races while he also had 1 win over flat and was described as: "among the best of all time, for today's opposition was most formidable" and "bids to become a popular idol."


1952 Chatham Cup
The 1952 Chatham Cup was the 25th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1952 Chatham Cup
The competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included North Shore United, Napier High School Old Boys, Wanganui United, Masterton Athletic, Kiwi United (Manawatu), Seatoun (Wellingtton), Woodbourne (Marlborough), Western (Christchurch), and Roslyn-Wakari (Dunedin).


1952 Chatham Cup, The 1952 final
The final was dominated by Western; they scored early through Noel Joseph, and it was only the heroics of North Shore keeper Roy Gordon who stopped the Christchurch side going further ahead. With ten minutes left to play Herb Moyle scrambled an equaliser and the match was sent to extra time. The added half-hour was scoreless.


1952 Chatham Cup, The 1952 final
In the days prior to penalty shootouts and replays, tied matches were decided on the number of corners won, and it was only through the last kick of the game that Western gained a corner to level the count. With the score and number of corners equal, it was decided that the trophy would be shared between the two sides. This was the only time this was to happen; replays were introduced to settle tied finals thereafter, with the first replay being played in the 1970 final.


1952 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1952 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its 22nd year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 7–3 record.


1952 Chicago Bears season
The 1952 season was the Chicago Bears' 33rd in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 7–5 record from 1951 and finished at 5–7 under head coach and owner George Halas, fifth in the NFL's National Conference. In 1952, the club continued its downward trend from the class of the league.


1952 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1952 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1952 Chicago Cardinals season was the 33rd season the team was in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 3–9, winning four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.


1952 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1952 Chicago Cubs season
The 1952 Chicago Cubs season was the 81st season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 77th in the National League and the 37th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the National League with a record of 77–77. Starting from this season, WGN was the exclusive television broadcast partner of the Cubs franchise with the transfer of WBKB ownership to CBS.


1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Chicago White Sox season
The 1952 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 52nd season in the major leagues, and its 53rd season overall. They finished with a record 81–73, good enough for third place in the American League, 14 games behind the 1st place New York Yankees.


1952 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases


1952 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts


1952 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1952 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1952 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1952. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California.


1952 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1952 Wildcats were led by first-year head coach Ernie Busch. Chico State finished the season with a record of one win and six losses (1–6, 1–3 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 85–201 for the season.


1952 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL
No Chico State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 Chilean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Chile on 4 September 1952. The result was a victory for Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, who ran as an independent.


1952 Chilean presidential election, Electoral system
The election was held using the absolute majority system, under which a candidate had to receive over 50% of the popular vote to be elected. If no candidate received over 50% of the vote, both houses of the National Congress would come together to vote on the two candidates who received the most votes.


1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Pedro Enrique Alfonso
Alfonso was the candidate of the Radical Party, and was also supported by the social democratic parties. His government would have become the fourth consecutive Radical administration, since Pedro Aguirre Cerda was elected president.


1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Salvador Allende
Allende, a Senator, was the candidate of the Socialist Party, and was running for President for the first time. He had the support of the banned Communist Party. Allende would run three more times, winning in 1970.


1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
Former President Ibáñez was an independent Senator for Santiago, and was attempting to reach the presidency, once again, by popular vote. He had the support of minor parties, like the Socialist Popular Party and the Agrarian Labor Party, among others.


1952 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Arturo Matte
Matte was a Liberal Party Senator supported by the Liberal and Conservative parties. He was Finance Minister under the administration of Juan Antonio Ríos.


1952 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1952 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1952 college football season. The Bearcats were led by head coach Sid Gillman and compiled a 8–1–1 record and were named MAC Champions.


1952 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1952 Cincinnati Reds season was the franchise's 63rd year as a member of the National League and its 71st consecutive year of operation in Major League Baseball. The Reds won 69 games, lost 85, and finished sixth, drawing 604,197 spectators to Crosley Field, next-to-last in the eight-team league.


1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Claxton Shield
The 1952 Claxton Shield was the 13th annual Claxton Shield, it was held in Perth, Western Australia. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The series was won by the home team, Western Australia.


1952 Claxton Shield
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1952 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1952 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Southern Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 2–6–1 record and was outscored by a total of 157 to 112. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.


1952 Clemson Tigers football team
When Clemson and Maryland defied the Southern Conference's ban on postseason games by participating in bowl games after the 1951 season, the conference placed both schools on probation for one year and imposed a football scheduling boycott against them. Accordingly, Clemson was able to play games against only two conference opponents in 1952: Maryland (also on probation) and South Carolina (the annual "Big Thursday" rivalry game was set by the South Carolina Legislature and was therefore exempted from the boycott).


1952 Clemson Tigers football team
George Rodgers was the captain of the 1952 Clemson team. The team's statistical leaders included tailback Don King with 317 passing yards and fullback Red Whitten with 445 rushing yards. Four players tied for the scoring leadership with 18 points each: Don King, Red Whitten, tailback Billy Hair, and wingback Buck George.


1952 Clemson Tigers football team
Three Clemson players were named to the All-South Carolina football team for 1952: Billy Hair, tackle Earl Wrightenberry, and guard Tom Barton.


1952 Clemson Tigers football team
Clemson did not return to the Southern Conference, opting in June 1953 to leave the conference along with Duke Maryland, North Carolina, NC State, South Carolina, and Wake Forest in forming the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).


1952 Cleveland Browns season
The 1952 Cleveland Browns season was the team's third season with the National Football League and seventh season overall. They were 8–4 in the regular season and won the American Conference. Cleveland hosted the NFL Championship Game, but lost 17–7 to the Detroit Lions.


1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1
The Browns avenged their December championship game loss to Los Angeles with a 37–7 romp over the Rams at Cleveland Stadium. The Browns took a 23–0 halftime lead and never headed. Ken Carpenter rushed for 145 yards on 16 carries and the Browns defense limited Rams quarterbacks Norm Van Brocklin and Bob Waterfield to a combined six completions in 27 attempts.


1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4
Despite being without injured wide receiver Dante Lavelli and Carpenter and then losing defensive end Bob Gain to a broken jaw, the Browns had little problem pounding the Eagles 49–7 in Philadelphia. It is Cleveland's 5th win over Philadelphia in as many meetings. Otto Graham threw for 290 yards and four touchdowns and even backup quarterback George Ratterman got into the act, throwing an 11-yard touchdown pass to Horace Gillom.


1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6
In the first-ever regular season meeting between the Detroit Lions and the Browns, the Lions won 17–6, at Briggs Stadium. The Lions led 10–6, when a Graham pass intended for Ray Renfro was picked off by Detroit's Jack Christiansen. On the Lions next play from scrimmage, Bob Hoernschemeyer ran for 41 yards, setting up a Bobby Layne to Leon Hart touchdown pass.


1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10
The Browns took a one-game lead in the Eastern Conference with a 48–24 win at Washington. Chick Jagade ran for 127 yards on 16 carries, including a 17-yard touchdown scamper on a draw play. Carpenter also had a big day returning punts including one for 53 yards and a touchdown.


1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12
Needing a win in the season finale to clinch the American Conference Title, the Browns (8–3) traveled to the Polo Grounds in New York City, but lost to the Giants, 37–34. Charlie Conerly fired four touchdown passes for the Giants while Graham threw three interceptions. The Browns clinched anyway when Washington upset Philadelphia.


1952 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1952 Cleveland Indians season
The 1952 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American League with a record of 93–61, just two games behind the New York Yankees.


1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Cleveland by-election
The 1952 Cleveland by-election was held on 23 October 1952. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, George Willey. It was retained by the Labour candidate, Arthur Palmer.


1952 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The 1952 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its first season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 195 to 107. Donald Main was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.


1952 College Baseball All-America Team
An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.


1952 College Baseball All-America Team
From 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.


1952 College Football All-America Team
The 1952 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1952. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1952 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the All-America Board, (4) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (5) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (6) the International News Service (INS), (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (8) the Sporting News.


1952 College Football All-America Team
Maryland quarterback Jack Scarbath and Notre Dame halfback Johnny Lattner were the only two players to be unanimously named first-team All-Americans by all eight official selectors. Lattner was awarded the 1952 Heisman Trophy.


1952 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans
For the year 1952, the NCAA recognizes eight published All-American teams as "official" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.


1952 College World Series
The 1952 College World Series was the sixth NCAA-sanctioned baseball tournament that determined a national champion. The tournament was held as the conclusion of the 1952 NCAA baseball season and was played at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska from June 12 to June 17. The tournament's champion was the Holy Cross Crusaders, coached by Jack Barry. The Most Outstanding Player was James O'Neill of Holy Cross.


1952 College World Series
The tournament consisted of no preliminary round of play as teams were selected directly into the College World Series. From 1954 to the present, teams compete in the NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament preliminary round(s), to determine the eight teams that will play in the College World Series.


1952 Colorado A&M Aggies football team
The 1952 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Bob Davis, the Aggies compiled a 6–4 record (4–2 against Skyline opponents), finished third in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 177 to 137.


1952 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1952 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1952 college football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 2–2–2 mark in the "Big 7" and 6–2–2 overall.


1952 Colorado State Bears baseball team
The 1952 Colorado State Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College of Education in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackosn Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 10th year at Colorado State.


1952 Colorado State Bears baseball team
The Bears won the District VII playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Western Michigan Broncos.


1952 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 1952 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Republican Daniel I. J. Thornton defeated Democratic nominee John W. Metzger with 57.08% of the vote.


1952 Columbia Lions football team
The 1952 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1952 college football season.


1952 Columbia Lions football team
In their 23rd season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 2–6–1 record, and were outscored 184 to 117. Robert McCullough was the team captain.


1952 Columbia Lions football team
Columbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.


1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference
The 1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference was an emergency Meeting of the Heads of Government of the British Commonwealth. It was called by the British government of Sir Winston Churchill and  held in the United Kingdom in December 1952 as a follow-up to a Commonwealth Finance Minister's conference held in January 1952. The conference was held in the context of British economic and military decline and the United States' surging role in the world.


1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference
The principal topic of the conference was the convertibility and liquidity of Pound sterling into American dollars and British concerns that non-sterling Commonwealth countries were building up sterling balances for the purpose of conversion into American dollars, the future of the Pound sterling area, and the alleviation of Commonwealth trade restrictions and imperial preference, particularly in the light of the surging American economy and the desire of Commonwealth countries such as Australia for American investment in order for economic development to occur against British concerns that American economic dominance threatened Britain's economic position. This discussion was necessary as the Commonwealth, with the exception of Canada, had a common pool of gold and dollar reserves. Little was accomplished in the economic discussion with the final communique being described as an "agreement in platitudes".


1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference
British concerns at being excluded from the ANZUS military treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States were also a topic and were addressed by a communique issued by the prime ministers supporting Britain's demand for a voice in ANZUS.


1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference
In addition, Commonwealth prime ministers, after months of discussion on whether the newly ascended Queen Elizabeth II should have a uniform Royal Styles and Titles throughout the Commonwealth or whether realms should adopt their own styles and titles, it was agreed that each member of the Commonwealth "should use for its own purposes a form of the Royal Style and Titles which suits its own particular circumstances but retains a substantial element which is common to all"  and agreed to pass appropriate legislation in their respective parliaments. The prime ministers also agreed to proclaim the new Queen, Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth in succession of her late father, George VI.


1952 Connecticut Huskies football team
The 1952 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1952 college football season. The Huskies were led by first year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 5–3.


1952 Constitution of Romania
The 1952 Constitution of Romania, also called the "constitution of building socialism", expressed the consolidation of Communist power, featuring greater ideological content than its 1948 predecessor. A draft was written by a commission elected by the Great National Assembly on March 27, 1952, and published on July 18. By a 324-0 vote, it was adopted by the Great National Assembly on September 24, when it came into force, and published three days later.


1952 Constitution of Romania
The document contained an introductory chapter and ten further chapters containing 105 articles.


1952 Constitution of Romania
Romania was proclaimed a "state of working people from the cities and villages" that "was born as a result of the historic victory of the Soviet Union against German fascism and the liberation of Romania by the glorious Red Army, a liberation that empowered the working people, above all the working class led by the Communist Party, to demolish the fascist dictatorship, to destroy the power of the exploiting classes and to build a state of popular democracy, which fully coincides with the interests and hopes of Romania's popular masses".


1952 Constitution of Romania
The document provided for the state's independence and sovereignty to be "defended" by the "friendship and alliance with the great Soviet Union". The state's domestic politics were oriented toward "liquidating the exploitation of man by man and the construction of socialism" by strengthening and increasing the socialist sector of the economy and by realizing "in consequence a policy of limiting and eliminating capitalist elements". Among the Romanian state's functions were to repress "the classes removed from power" and to defend against external aggression. Through explicit provisions, the state was to have a dominant role not only in the economy, but also in areas such as education and culture.


1952 Constitution of Romania
Regarding political institutions, there was no change from the preceding constitution, the Great National Assembly continuing as the supreme organ of state power, while local governing bodies were now known as "popular assemblies" (sfaturi populare). The Romanian Workers' Party was proclaimed "the leading force both of those who work, as well as of the state organs and institutions", at the same time gathering around itself "all organisations of those who work". Like its predecessor, the constitution enshrined citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms. In practice, these freedoms were not respected. For example, the constitutional guarantee of freedom of association was effectively neutered by a provision that banned associations of a "fascist or antidemocratic character," which was broadly interpreted to ban nearly all associations that opposed Communist rule.


1952 Constitution of Romania
Modified 11 times in the ensuing years, the 1952 Constitution was abrogated on August 21, 1965, when the 1965 Constitution of Romania came into force.


1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election
The 1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election was held to constitute the Coorg Legislative Assembly, electing members of legislature for 18 constituencies of the erstwhile Indian State of Coorg. It took place on 27 March 1952 and a total of 87,947 people voted 24 out of 60 candidates to power. This was the only election to the assembly before the State was merged into Mysore (later renamed as Karnataka) as per the States Reorganisation Act in 1956.


1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies
A total of 24 seats were up for election from 18 constituencies; six two-member constituencies and twelve single-member constituencies. No seats were reserved for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes.


1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Contestants
Sixty candidates contested the election. The Indian National Congress presented candidates in all 24 constituencies. There were also 34 independent candidates. The Takkadi Party, which campaigned against merger into Mysore State, contested as independents. The Takkadi Party was led by Pandyanda Belliappa, a veteran Gandhian. A third force in the election was the Communist Party of India, that only presented two candidates (C.B. Monniah in Hudikeri and B.N. Kuttappa in Siddapur). No female candidates were in the fray.


1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Results
The Indian National Congress (INC) emerged victorious, winning 15 out of the 24 seats. The INC leader C. M. Poonacha won his seat from the Berriathnad constituency, with 1,969 votes (71.37 per cent of the votes polled in the constituency). Nine independent candidates won the remaining seats. Belliappa won his seat Ammathi Nad with 1,667 votes (57.25 per cent of votes polled). INC candidates got 55.54 per cent of the votes polled statewide, independents 42.88 per cent and the two communist candidates 1.58 per cent. The candidate with the highest percentage of votes polled in his favour was G. Lingarajayya, the INC candidate in Fraserpet, who polled 2,375 votes (71.64 per cent).


1952 Coorg Legislative Assembly election, Results, Members of the Coorg Legislative Assembly, 1952
After the election, Poonacha formed a two-member cabinet, consisting of himself as Chief Minister and Kuttur Mallapa (elected to the assembly from the Sanivarsanthe constituency) as Home Minister.


1952 Copa Rio
The 1952 Copa Rio was the second and last edition of the Copa Rio, the first intercontinental club football tournament with teams from Europe and South America, held in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo from 12 July to 2 August. Participant clubs were divided into two zones of four teams, playing each other once in a single round-robin tournament.


1952 Copa Rio
The tournament featured players such as Obdulio Varela, Roque Máspoli, Alcides Ghiggia, Juan Alberto Schiaffino of Peñarol, José Travassos of Sporting Lisbon, Didi, Joao Pinheiro of Fluminense, Luizinho, goalkeeper Gilmar of Corinthians and Roger Vonlanthen of Grasshopper.


1952 Copa Rio
The final was played in a two-legged format, contested by Brazilian teams Fluminense and Corinthians. Fluminense won the series 2–1 on points, achieving their first Copa Rio trophy.


1952 Copa del Generalísimo
The 1952 Copa del Generalísimo was the 50th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1952 Copa del Generalísimo
The competition began on 17 April 1952 and concluded on 25 May 1952 with the final.


1952 Copa del Generalísimo Final
The Copa del Generalísimo 1952 Final was the 50th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamartín in Madrid, on 25 May 1952, being won by CF Barcelona, who beat Valencia CF 4-2 after extra time.


1952 Copa del Generalísimo Juvenil
The 1952 Copa del Generalísimo Juvenil was the second staging of the tournament. The competition began on April 28, 1952, and ended on May 25, 1952, with the final.


1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 43rd staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.


1952 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Bandon won the championship following a 1-05 to 1-02 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their first ever championship title in the grade.


1952 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1952 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 64th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1952 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 16 November 1952, Clonakilty won the championship following a 1-04 to 0-04 defeat of Collins in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their first title since 1947.


1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 20 January 1952. The championship began on 27 April 1952 and ended on 5 October 1952.


1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
Sarsfields were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Avondhu in the first round.


1952 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 5 October 1952, Avondhu won the championship following a 3-08 to 4-04 defeat of St. Finbarr's in a replay of the final. This was their first championship title ever.


1952 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1952 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1952 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 2–7 record and was outscored 195 to 68. Bill Whelan was the team captain.


1952 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.


1952 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1952 Cotton Bowl Classic was the sixteenth installment of the Cotton Bowl Classic.


1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background
The game featured the Kentucky Wildcats of the Southeastern Conference and the Texas Christian Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference. Texas Christian (6-4 entering the game, 5-1 in the SWC) was ranked #11 in the AP poll prior to the game. Kentucky (7-4, 3-3 SEC) had been ranked as high as #6 in the AP poll during the season but was ranked #15 entering the game.


1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
In the first quarter, Kentucky quarterback Babe Parilli threw a five-yard touchdown pass to Emery Clark; Harry Jones' point after gave the Wildcats a 7-0 lead. In the second quarter, a 57-yard Kentucky drive ended when Parilli completed a 13-yard touchdown pass to Clark. The point after was no good, resulting in a halftime score of Kentucky 13, Texas Christian 0, despite Texas Christian drives that got all the way to the Kentucky 4-, 24-, 5- and 2-yard lines during the half.


1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Texas Christian scored first in the second half after a four-play, 80-yard drive as Bobby Jack Floyd ran for a 43-yard touchdown on a sweep. Keith Flowers' point after made it Kentucky 13, Texas Christian 7 with 1:12 left in the third quarter.


1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Kentucky's Ed Hamilton scored on a 3-yard run and the Jones' point with 3:33 left in the fourth quarter resulted in the final score of Kentucky 20, Texas Christian 7.


1952 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Kentucky's Emery Clark, Babe Parilli and Ray Correll were named the MVPs of the game. Kentucky's Tom Fillon had a game high 73 rushing yards (on 10 attempts); Kentucky's Steve Meilinger had 61 receiving yards on 3 catches.


1952 County Championship
The 1952 County Championship was the 53rd officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title.


1952 County Championship, Table
Warwickshire and Lancashire records include eight points for a tied match with first innings lead; Sussex and Essex records include four points for tied match without first innings lead. Glamorgan and Worcestershire records include two points each for tie on first innings in drawn match.


1952 Coupe de France Final
The 1952 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 4, 1952, that saw OGC Nice defeat FC Girondins de Bordeaux 5–3 with goals by Victor Nuremberg, Luis Carniglia, Jean Belver, Abdelaziz Ben Tifour and Georges Césari.


1952 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
The 1952 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré was the 6th edition of the cycle race and was held from 1 June to 8 June 1952. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Jean Dotto of the France Sport team.


1952 Cuban coup d'état
The 1952 Cuban coup d'état took place in Cuba on March 10, 1952, when the Cuban Constitutional Army, led by Fulgencio Batista, intervened in the election that was scheduled to be held on June 1, staging a coup d'état and establishing a de facto military dictatorship in the country.


1952 Cuban coup d'état, Background and events
From the 1933 Sergeants' Revolt onwards, Fulgencio Batista acted as an éminence grise, making and undoing governments in Cuba.


1952 Cuban coup d'état, Background and events
After eight years of government under the democratically-elected presidencies of Ramón Grau (1944–1948) and Carlos Prío Socarrás (1948–1952), Batista was one of the candidates in the 1952 election. However, as some of the polling put him in a distant third place, on March 10, 1952, just four months before the presidential election, Batista struck, using his position within the Army and being supported by some political sectors of the country. The coup itself was bloodless, but it attracted the attention and concern of most of the population. Batista overthrew President Carlos Prío Socarrás, canceled the election and took control of the government as "Provisional President."


1952 Cuban coup d'état, Aftermath
Batista (whose rule was formalized after the 1954 general election) went on to rule the country until January 1, 1959, when he was forced into exile with his family (first to the Trujillo–ruled Dominican Republic, then Corporatist Portugal and eventually Francoist Spain). Batista's exile marked the climax of the Cuban Revolution, which started on July 26, 1953 with the attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba, and saw Fidel Castro emerging as the new leader of Cuba.


1952 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR
The 1952 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.


1952 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating teams
The Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.


1952 Cupa României
The 1952 Cupa României was the 15th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.


1952 Cupa României
The title was won by CCA București against Flacăra Ploieşti.


1952 Cupa României, Format
In the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First pot teams will play away. Each tie is played as a single leg.


1952 Cupa României, Format
If a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.


1952 Cupa României, Format
In case the teams are from same city, there a replay will be played.


1952 Cupa României, Format
In case the teams play in the final, there a replay will be played.


1952 Cupa României, Format
From the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.


1952 Cupa României Final
The 1952 Cupa României Final was the 15th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between CCA București and Flacăra Ploieşti, and was won by CCA București after a game with 2 goals. It was the fourth cup title, all in row, in the history of CCA București.


1952 Currie Cup
The 1952 Currie Cup was the 24th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.


1952 Currie Cup
The tournament was won by  Transvaal for the fourth time; they beat  Boland 11–9 in the final in Wellington.


1952 Czechoslovak First League, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sparta ČKD Sokolovo won the championship. Miroslav Wiecek was the league's top scorer with 20 goals.


1952 Dahomeyan Territorial Assembly election
Elections for the Territorial Assembly were held in French Dahomey on 30 March 1952. Sourou-Migan Apithy's Republican Party of Dahomey won 19 of the 32 second college seats. Only ten members of the Legislative Council elected in 1947 were re-elected.


1952 Dahomeyan Territorial Assembly election, Background
The Legislative Council had been created as part of the constitutional reforms that created French Fourth Republic. In 1952 it was converted into the Territorial Assembly, and was enlarged from 30 to 50 seats. The Assembly was elected by two electoral colleges; 18 by the first electoral college and 32 by the second.


1952 Dallas Texans season
The 1952 Dallas Texans season was the franchise's only season in the league while in Dallas after moving from New York, where they were previously known as the Yanks, and the continuation of the Dayton Triangles, the final remaining Ohio League franchise that had yet to fold. The franchise continued to struggle immensely and lost their first nine games, finishing 1–11, the worst record in the 12-team league.