1954 in Vietnam, September
In Manila, the U.S., Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and the United Kingdom signed the treaty creating the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), a collective defense agreement that had among its objectives protecting Laos, Cambodia, and South Vietnam from communist aggression.


1954 in Vietnam, September
Prime Minister Diệm faced the first crisis of his new government. He dismissed the Army chief of staff General Nguyễn Văn Hinh and ordered him to leave the country. Hinh refused to obey and a few days later surrounded the Presidential palace with tanks. Nine of Diệm's 15-member cabinet resigned. Col. Lansdale attempted to buy support for Diệm from leaders of the Hòa Hảo and Cao Đài religious sects. Diệm resolved the political crisis temporarily by appointing four Hòa Hảo and two Cao Đài leaders to his government.


1954 in Vietnam, September
The United States and France concluded an agreement that henceforth all U.S. aid to Vietnam would go directly to the Vietnamese government rather than through the French government.


1954 in Vietnam, October
Viet Minh soldiers arrived to take control of Hanoi, capital city of French Indochina. That afternoon the French military garrison lowered its flag for the last time and withdrew from the city. The French military retained a presence in South Vietnam.


1954 in Vietnam, October
Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh entered Hanoi without fanfare and took up the reins of the government of North Vietnam.


1954 in Vietnam, October
U.S. Senator Mike Mansfield, who knew Diệm and had visited Vietnam, issued a report stating that the "alternatives to Diệm" were "not promising" and warning the Vietnamese that if Diệm were overthrown the U.S. should consider an "immediate suspension of all aid to Vietnam."


1954 in Vietnam, October
In a meeting in Hanoi with French official Jean Sainteny, Ho Chi Minh said he hoped France would retain a cultural and economic presence in North Vietnam and reassured the Frenchman that Vietnam would pursue independent policies not dictated by the communist governments of China or the Soviet Union. Ho envisioned only a slow transition to socialism. Sainteny warned his government, however, that North Vietnam would fight to prevent the permanent division of Vietnam into two countries.


1954 in Vietnam, October
The U.S. Department of State instructed the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in Saigon to begin a "program of training that number of Vietnamese armed forces necessary to carry out internal security missions."


1954 in Vietnam, October
President Eisenhower sent a letter to Prime Minister Diệm promising U.S. assistance if Diệm met "standards of performance." Diệm agreed. This letter was later cited as the initial commitment by the U.S. to support South Vietnam.


1954 in Vietnam, October
The Chief of Staff of the South Vietnamese army, Nguyễn Văn Hinh, planned to attack the Presidential palace and overthrow the Diệm government. Landsdale and the SMM got wind of the coup d'état and persuaded two key military supporters of Hinh to make an official visit to the Philippines accompanied by Lansdale. With his supporters absent, Hinh called off the proposed coup.


1954 in Vietnam, October
The record for the most passengers taken in one journey during Operation Passage to Freedom was set by the USS General Black, which sailed with 5,224 Vietnamese aboard.


1954 in Vietnam, November
General Lawton Collins arrived in Saigon as special representative of the United States. He affirmed President Eisenhower's earlier expression of support for Ngô Đình Diệm. Collins promised $100 million in U.S. aid and stated that the Diệm government "is the legal government in Vietnam." He warned the South Vietnamese army that it would receive American assistance only if it supported Diệm.


1954 in Vietnam, November
U.S. Ambassador Donald R. Heath departed Vietnam, leaving Collins as the senior U.S. official in the country. Heath was considered by Washington to be too accommodating to the French and too disparaging of Prime Minister Diệm.


1954 in Vietnam, November
General Vinh left Vietnam for exile in Paris, thereby reducing the possibility of a military coup against the Diệm government. His principal co-conspirators followed. Vinh had been ordered to leave Vietnam almost two months earlier by Diệm, but had ignored the order until ordered to depart by Bảo Đại.


1954 in Vietnam, December
North Vietnam concluded an aid agreement with China for equipment and technical assistance to repair roads, railroads, and other infrastructure. Russian and Chinese technical advisers began to replace the French.


1954 in Vietnam, December
General Collins and General Paul Ely, commander of the French military in South Vietnam, signed a "Minute of Understanding" to govern the withdrawal of French military forces from South Vietnam. The South Vietnamese army would be reduced in size from 170,000 to a more-affordable 90,000 men, the Americans and French would cooperate in training the army, and France would turn over full control of the Vietnamese army to Vietnam by July 1955.


1954 in Vietnam, December
Collins quickly came to agree with former Ambassador Heath's low opinion of Diệm. Collins suggested that the U.S. give thought to "possible alternatives" if the Diệm government did not make progress and, if no acceptable alternative to Diệm could be found, the U.S. should consider withdrawing from Vietnam.


1954 in Vietnam, December
U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles rebuked Collins for his suggestion that an alternative to Diệm be sought. Dulles said that under "present circumstances...we have no choice but to continue...our support of Diệm."


1954 in Wales
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1954 to Wales and its people.


1954 in association football
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1954 throughout the world.


1954 in baseball
The following are the baseball events of the year 1954  throughout the world.


1954 in comics
Notable events of 1954 in comics. See also List of years in comics.


1954 in country music
This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1954.


1954 in film
The year 1954 in film involved some significant events and memorable ones.


1954 in film, Top-grossing films, United States
The top ten 1954 released films by box office gross in the United States are as follows:


1954 in film, Top ten money-making stars
Exhibitors selected the following as the Top Ten Money Making Stars of the Year in Quigley Publishing Company's annual poll. John Wayne became the first actor to regain the number one spot after losing that position.


1954 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
The year 1954 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.


1954 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1954.


1954 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1954.


1954 in motorsport
The following is an overview of the events of 1954 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.


1954 in motorsport, Annual events
The calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.


1954 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1954.


1954 in music, Biggest hit singles
The following singles achieved the highest  in the set of charts available for 1954.


1954 in music, US No. 1 hit singles
These singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1954.


1954 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1954.


1954 in paleontology, Plants, Angiosperms
A Trochodendron wood species. Moved to Trochodendron beckii in 1982


1954 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Dinosaurs
A mamenchisaurid. The type species is M. constructus. This animal had a neck of more than 10 meters.


1954 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).


1954 in poetry, Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:


1954 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:


1954 in poetry, Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1954 in poetry, Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:


1954 in professional wrestling
1954 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.


1954 in radio
The year 1954 saw a number of significant happenings in radio broadcasting history.


1954 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1954.


1954 in science
The year 1954 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.


1954 in spaceflight
The year 1954 saw the conception of Project Orbiter, the first practicable satellite launching project, utilizing the Redstone, a newly developed Short Range Ballistic Missile.


1954 in spaceflight
A variety of sounding rockets continued to return scientific data from beyond the 100 kilometres (62 mi) boundary of space (as defined by the World Air Sports Federation)., including the Viking and Aerobee rockets, University of Iowa and Naval Research Laboratory ship-launched rockoons, and derivatives of the Soviet R-1 missile. The French also launched their first sounding rocket into space, the Véronique-NA.


1954 in spaceflight
1954 also marked a year of development of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). The United States prioritized the development of its Atlas while the Soviet Union authorized the draft proposal for the R-7 Semyorka, its first ICBM.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy
After ten months of salvage, testing, and troubleshooting following the failed launch of Viking 10 on 30 June 1953, a successful static firing of the rebuilt rocket took place at the end of April 1954. Launch was scheduled for 4 May. Control issues revealed in the static firing as well as gusty, sand-laden winds caused a delay of three days.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy
At 10:00 AM local time, Viking 10 blasted off from its pad at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, reaching an altitude of 136 mi (219 km)—a tie with the highest altitude ever reached by a first-generation Viking (Viking 7 on 7 August 1951). Data was received from the rocket for all stages of the flight, and its scientific package returned the first measurement of positive ion composition at high altitudes.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy
Viking 11, which was ready for erection on 5 May, also had a successful static test and was ready for launch, 24 May 1954. Again, the countdown went without hold, and Viking 11, the heaviest rocket yet in the series, was launched at 10:00 AM. Forty seconds into the flight, several puffs of smoke issued from the vehicle, but these accidental excitations of the rocket's roll jets did no harm. Viking 11 ultimately reached 158 mi (254 km) in altitude, a record for the series, snapping the highest altitude photographs of the Earth to date. Both Vikings 10 and 11 carried successful emulsions experiments, measuring cosmic rays at high altitudes.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, U.S. Navy
Three more Viking flights were scheduled, one of which would fly in 1955, the other two later incorporated into the subsequent Project Vanguard.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, American civilian efforts
For the third summer in a row, members of the State University of Iowa (SUI) physics department embarked 15 July 1954 on an Atlantic expedition to launch a series of balloon-launched Deacon rockets (rockoons), this time aboard the icebreaker, USS Atka. Once again, a Naval Research Laboratory team accompanied them to launch their own rockoons. Beginning with the fourth SUI launch on 21 1954 off the northern tip of Labrador, eleven rockoon launches (seven of them successful) over a five-day period probed the heart of the auroral zone at high altitude. Each rockoon carried two geiger counters with different thicknesses of shielding; two of the flights determined that aurorae produced detectable "soft" (lower energy/penetrative) radiation.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, Scientific results
By 1954, the array of Viking, Aerobee, V-2, Deacon Rockoon, and other high altitude sounding rocket flights had returned a bonanza of knowledge about the upper atmosphere. Previously, it had been believed that, at altitudes above 20 mi (32 km), Earth's atmosphere was highly stratified and peaceful, an indefinite continuation of the stratosphere. Rocket research discovered winds, turbulence, and mixing up to heights of 80 mi (130 km), and wind velocities of 180 mph (290 km/h) were measured 125 mi (201 km) above the Earth's surface.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, Scientific results
The density of the upper atmosphere was found to be thinner than expected: the estimated average distance an air atom or molecule must travel before colliding with another (mean free path) was refined to .5 mi (0.80 km). Ionized particles were discovered in what were previously thought to be distinct gaps between the E and F layers in the ionosphere.


1954 in spaceflight, Space exploration highlights, Scientific results
Sounding rockets returned the first measurements of extraterrestrial X-rays, blocked from observation from the ground by the lower layers of the atmosphere. It was determined that these X-rays were one of the major producers of atmospheric ionization. Ultraviolet radiation was extensively observed as well as its contribution to the ozone layer. Solar radiation data determined that the Sun was hotter than had been calculated from strictly earthbound measurements. Cosmic rays were found to consist mainly of protons, alpha particles, and heavier atomic nuclei; the range of measured elements extended to iron, with greater abundance in even mass numbered elements.


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, U.S. Air Force
On February 1, 1954, the Strategic Missiles Evaluation Committee or 'Teapot Committee', comprising eleven of the top scientists and engineers in the country, issued a report recommending prioritization of the development of the Atlas, the nation's first ICBM. Trevor Gardner, special assistant for research and development to Secretary of the Air Force, Harold Talbott, selected Ramo Wooldridge (R-W) to handle the systems engineering and technical direction for the entire project, a considerable expansion of duties for the year-old company, which had hitherto been contracted by the Air Force to advise and perform research. From spring 1954 through the end of the year, R-W's work was confined to the evaluation of the project and the accumulation of personnel to handle development of the ICBM. Convair, which had been developing the Atlas for the prior eight years, remained the manufacturer of the missile proper.


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, U.S. Air Force
The public first became aware of the Atlas project with the publication of the 8 March 1954 issue of Aviation Weekly, in which appeared the short item: "Convair is developing a long range ballistic missile known as the Atlas. Its development was begun in the era when Floyd Odlum's Atlas Corp. was the controlling stockholder in Convair."


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, U.S. Air Force
Before the Teapot commission had determined the likely weight of a thermonuclear payload, the Atlas specification had called for a missile 90 ft (27 m) long and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide, carrying five rocket engines, and a full-scale wooden model as well as a metal test example of the tank were built in 1954. By the time the design was frozen at the end of the year, the specifications had been downscaled to 75 ft (23 m) long, retaining the same width, and the number of engines was reduced to three.


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Project Orbiter
By 1954, there was growing consensus in the United States that rocket technology had evolved to the point the launch of an Earth orbiting satellite was becoming feasible. A 16 March meeting in Washington D.C. involving several of the nation's leading space specialists was arranged by past president of the American Rocket Society Frederick C. Durant III. They included Fred Singer, proposer of the "MOUSE"


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Project Orbiter
(Minimum Orbiting Unmanned Satellite of the Earth), rocket scientist Wernher von Braun, David Young of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, Commander George Hoover and Alexander Satin of the Air Branch of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and noted astronomer, Fred Whipple. They determined that a slightly modified Redstone (a 200 miles (320 km)) range surface-to-surface missile developed the prior year) combined with upper stages employing 31 Loki solid-propellant rockets could put a 5 lb (2.3 kg) satellite into orbit, which could be tracked optically.


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Project Orbiter
Whipple approached the National Science Foundation (NSF) to sponsor a conference for further study of the idea, particularly to develop instrumentation for a satellite. The NSF took no immediate action. Hoover, however, was able to secure interest from the ONR, and by November 1954, a satellite-launching plan had been developed. Dubbed Project Orbiter, the "no-cost satellite" would be built largely from existing hardware; the Army would design and construct the booster system (using Redstone and Loki) while the Navy would handle creation of the satellite, tracking facilities, and the acquisition and analysis of data. By the end of the year, ONR had let $60,000 in three contracts for feasibility studies and initial design.


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Soviet Union
The R-5 missile, able to carry the same 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) payload as the R-1 and R-2 but over a distance of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) underwent its third series of test launches, beginning 12 August 1954 and continuing through 7 February 1955. These tests confirmed the soundness of the design and cleared the way for nuclear and sounding rocket variants.


1954 in spaceflight, Vehicle development, Soviet Union
Paralleling developments in the United States, 1954 marked the authorization of the R-7 Semyorka ICBM (on 20 May). Mikhail Tikhonravov, whose team at had completed the ICBM studies that formed the conceptual framework for the R-7, on 27 May, at the urging of OKB-1 Chief Designer Sergei Korolev, submitted a memorandum entitled, "A Report on an Artificial Satellite of the Earth" to Deputy Minister of Medium Machine Building Vasiliy Rabikov and Georgiy Pashkov, Rabikov's department chief in charge of missiles. This memorandum, containing summaries of both Soviet research of recent years as well as translations of Western articles on satellites, served as the catalyst for the Soviet satellite program.


1954 in sports
1954 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.


1954 in television
The year 1954 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events in 1954.


1954 in the Belgian Congo
The following lists events that happened during 1954 in the Belgian Congo.


1954 in the Philippines
1954 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in 1954.


1954 in the Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1954 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


1954 in the environment
This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1954. They relate to environmental law, conservation, environmentalism and environmental issues.


1954 transfer of Crimea
The transfer of the Crimean Oblast in 1954 was an administrative action of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, which transferred the government of the Crimean Peninsula from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree
On 19 February 1954, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union issued a decree transferring the Crimean Oblast from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR. The documents which are now housed at the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) do confirm that the move was originally approved by the Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on 25 January 1954, paving the way for the authorizing resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union three weeks later.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree
According to the Soviet Constitution (article 18), the borders of a republic within the Soviet Union could not be re-drawn without the agreement of the republic in question. The transfer was approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The constitutional change (articles 22 and 23) to accommodate the transfer was made several days after the decree issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree
The decree was first announced, on the front page of Pravda, on 27 February 1954. The full text of the decree was:


1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree
On April 26, 1954 The decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet transferring the Crimea Oblast from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. Taking into account the integral character of the economy, the territorial proximity and the close economic and cultural ties between the Crimea Province and the Ukrainian SSR, the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet decrees:To approve the joint presentation of the Presidium of the Russian SFSR Supreme Soviet and the Presidium of the Ukrainian SSR Supreme Soviet on the transfer of the Crimea Province from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Decree
Consequently, amendments were made to the republican constitutions of Russia and Ukraine. On 2 June 1954 the Supreme Soviet of Russia adopted amendments to the Russian Constitution of 1937, which, among other things, excluded Crimea from list of subdivisions enumerated in article 14, and on 17 June 1954, the Verkhovna Rada added Crimea to article 18 of the 1937 Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality
According to a 2009 article on Russian website Pravda.ru, the Presidium of the Supreme Council gathered for a session on 19 February 1954 when only 13 of 27 members were present. There was no quorum, but the decision was adopted unanimously.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality
The earlier published documents and materials that have emerged more recently confirm that the transfer of Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR was carried out in accordance with the 1936 Soviet constitution, which in Article 18 stipulated that "the territory of a Union Republic may not be altered without its consent." The proceedings of the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium meeting indicate that both the Russian SFSR and the Ukrainian SSR had given their consent via their republic parliaments.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality
On 27 June 2015, after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation accepted the request of the leader of A Just Russia party, Sergey Mironov, to evaluate the legitimacy of 1954 transfer of Crimea and stated that the transfer violated both the Constitution of the Russian SFSR and the Constitution of the Soviet Union.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality
The text of the document signed by Russian Deputy Prosecutor General Sabir Kekhlerov stated: "Neither the Constitution of the RSFSR or the USSR Constitution provide powers of the Presidium Supreme Soviet of the USSR for the consideration of the changes in the constitutional legal status of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, members of the union republics.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Question of constitutionality
In view of the above, the decision adopted in 1954 by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviets of the RSFSR and the Soviet on the transfer of the Crimean region of the RSFSR to the USSR, did not correspond to the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the RSFSR and the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the USSR."


1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the "personal gesture"
The transfer of the Crimean Oblast to Ukraine has been described as a "symbolic gesture", marking the 300th anniversary of the 1654 Treaty of Pereyaslav. That "symbolic gesture" came out as a post factum and was never discussed as one of the reasons prior to the transfer. It was also attributed to Nikita Khrushchev, although the person who signed the document was Kliment Voroshilov.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the "personal gesture"
Nina Khrushcheva, the political scientist and great-granddaughter of Nikita Khrushchev, the then General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union said of Khrushchev's motivation "it was somewhat symbolic, somewhat trying to reshuffle the centralized system and also, full disclosure, Nikita Khrushchev was very fond of Ukraine, so I think to some degree it was also a personal gesture toward his favorite republic. He was ethnically Russian, but he really felt great affinity with Ukraine."


1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the "personal gesture"
Sergei Khrushchev, Khrushchev's son, claimed that the decision was due to the building of a hydro-electric dam on the Dnieper River and the consequent desire for all the administration to be under one body. Sevastopol in Crimea being the site of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, a quintessential element of Russian and then of Soviet foreign policy, the transfer had the intended effect of binding Ukraine inexorably to Russia, "Eternally Together", as a poster commemorating the event of 1954 proclaimed.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the "personal gesture"
The transfer was described by some of the Supreme Soviet as a gift to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 when the Cossack Rada apparently decided to unify with Muscovy, putting in place the eventual acquisition of Ukraine by Russia. Other reasons given were the integration of the economies of Ukraine and Crimea and the idea that Crimea was a natural extension of the Ukrainian steppes.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Complications of the "personal gesture"
There was also a desire to repopulate parts of the Crimea with Slavic peoples after the peninsula was subject to large-scale expulsions of Crimean Tatars to Central Asia in 1944.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath
The transfer increased the ethnic Russian population of Ukraine by almost a million people. Prominent Russian politicians such as Alexander Rutskoy considered the transfer to be controversial. Controversies surrounding the legality of the transfer remained a sore point in relations between Ukraine and Russia for the first few years after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and in particular in the internal politics of the Crimea. However, in a 1997 treaty between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, Russia recognized Ukraine's borders, and accepted Ukraine's sovereignty over Crimea.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath
In January 1992, the Supreme Soviet of Russia questioned the constitutionality of the transfer, accusing Nikita Khrushchev of treason against the Russian people and said that the transfer was illegitimate. Alexander Rutskoy, the former Vice President of Russia, said that this was a “harebrained scheme” for which Khrushchev was famous saying that those who signed the document must have been suffering from sunstroke or hangovers.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath
There was confusion about the status of Sevastopol and whether it was a part of the transfer as it had a degree of independence from the Crimean Oblast and never formally ratified the transfer, although it was later mentioned as Ukrainian territory in the Soviet Constitution and the Belavezha Accords between Ukraine and Russia.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath
In 1994, a Russian nationalist administration under Yuriy Meshkov took over in Crimea with the promise to return Crimea to Russia, although these plans were later shelved.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath
After the overthrow of President Victor Yanukovych during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the territories of Sevastopol and Crimea were seized by the Russian Federation; the annexation was formalized following an unconstitutional referendum in which 96% of the Crimean population purportedly voted "Yes." This move was denounced by the new Ukrainian government and disregarded by most UN states, which continue to recognize Crimea as part of Ukraine.


1954 transfer of Crimea, Aftermath
The Venice Commission (an advisory body of the Council of Europe in the field of constitutional law) issued an opinion in 2014, concluding that the referendum was illegal under the Ukrainian constitution and that "circumstances in Crimea did not allow the holding of a referendum in line with European democratic standards."


1954 Ålandic legislative election
Legislative elections were held the Åland Islands on 15 June 1954.


1954 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
It was contested by 6 teams, and ÍA won the championship. ÍA's Ríkharður Jónsson was the top scorer with 6 goals.


1954 Úrvalsdeild karla
The 1954 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 3rd season of the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on April 26, 1954 and ended on April 28, 1954. ÍR won its first title by posting the best record in the league.


1954 Úrvalsdeild karla, Competition format
The participating teams played each other once for a total of 2 games. The top team won the national championship.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament
The 1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Jackie Rea who won all of his 8 matches. He finished ahead of Joe Davis who won 6 matches. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959 but this was the last to be held at Leicester Square Hall, which closed soon after the end of the tournament.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format
The 1954/55 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 6 September 1954 to 15 January 1955. All matches were played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 9 competitors and a total of 36 matches. The competitors were Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Barrie, Albert Brown, Alec Brown, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and qualifier Kingsley Kennerley. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format
Each match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis played level with Fred Davis and gave Walter Donaldson and John Pulman 14, Albert Brown 18, Alec Brown 23, John Barrie 24, Jackie Rea and Kingsley Kennerley 25. Fred Davis gave John Pulman 10, Walter Donaldson 12, Albert Brown and John Barrie 14, Alec Brown 16, Jackie Rea 18 and Kingsley Kennerley 21. Walter Donaldson played level with John Pulman and gave Albert Brown and John Barrie 12, Alec Brown 14, Jackie Rea 16 and Kingsley Kennerley 18.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format
John Pulman gave Albert Brown 5, Alec Brown 10, John Barrie 14, Jackie Rea 16 and Kingsley Kennerley 18. Albert Brown played level with Alec Brown and John Barrie and gave Kingsley Kennerley 12 and Jackie Rea 14. John Barrie played level with Alec Brown 0 and Jackie Rea and Kingsley Kennerley 7. Alec Brown gave Jackie Rea 5 and Kingsley Kennerley 12. Jackie Rea gave Kingsley Kennerley 7.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
Joe Davis made a break of 146 on 7 December, the second day of his match against Albert Brown. He potted a pink after his fourth red. The break equalled Davis's own record break, set on 1 March 1950.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
Jackie Rea won all his 8 matches, clinching victory after his 19–18 win against John Barrie on 15 December.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
The match between Joe Davis and his brother, Fred was the last competitive match played at Leicester Square Hall before it closed. Joe won the match 19–18 and made a 137 clearance on the final day. The following Saturday, Joe Davis compiled the first officially recognised maximum break in a match against 68-year-old fellow Englishman Willie Smith. The match between Davis and Smith was played as part of a series of events marking the closure of the hall.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results
The positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW). The result of the match between Albert Brown and Alec Brown is not known. Albert Brown led 15–9 after the second day.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Qualifying
The qualifying tournament was held from 6 to 15 May 1954. These matches were also played at Leicester Square Hall in London. There were 3 competitors: Kingsley Kennerley, Sydney Lee and Harry Stokes. Like the main event, each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames. Kennerley won both his matches to qualify. Stokes beat Lee in the other match.


1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Broadcasting
The BBC showed three short, 30 minute, TV programmes during the matches between Joe Davis and John Pulman on 8 October, between John Pulman and John Barrie on 28 December, and between Walter Donaldson and John Pulman on 12 January. The commentator on each occasion was Sidney Smith.


1954/55 NTFL season
The 1954/55 NTFL season was the 34th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).


1954/55 NTFL season
St Marys have won there 1st premiership title while defeating the Buffaloes in the grand final by 30 points.


1954–1955 Israeli Basketball League
The 1954–55 Israeli Basketball League season was the 2nd season of top division basketball in Israel. The league was played over regular season only, with the top placed team winning the championship.


1954–1955 Israeli Basketball League, Standings
Source: Pts=Points, P=Matches played, W=Matches won, L=Matches lost, F=Points for, A=Points against, D=Points difference.


1954–55 1re série season
The 1954–55 1re série season was the 34th season of the 1re série, the top level of ice hockey in France. Chamonix Hockey Club won their 15th league title.


1954–55 A.C. Milan season
During 1954-55 season Associazione Calcio Milan competed in Serie A and Coppa Latina.


1954–55 A.C. Milan season, Summary
Aimed with the goals of Gunnar Nordahl and the arrival of uruguayan Juan Alberto Schiaffino from Peñarol, the team clinched its domestic title. Manager Béla Guttman was fired in February replaced by Uruguayan Hector Puricelli in a move to boost the players moral being crucial to win the championship.


1954–55 A.C. Milan season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1954–55 AHL season
The 1954–55 AHL season was the 19th season of the American Hockey League. Six teams played 64 games each in the schedule. The "Carl Liscombe Trophy" for the league's top scorer is renamed to the John B. Sollenberger Trophy. The All-Star game is revived, with the AHL All-Stars taking on the defending champions Calder Cup champions from the previous season. The Pittsburgh Hornets finished first overall in the regular season, and won their second Calder Cup championship.


1954–55 AHL season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;


1954–55 AHL season, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1954–55 AHL season, All Star Classic
The second AHL All-Star game was played on October 27, 1954, after a 12-year hiatus. The defending Calder Cup champions Cleveland Barons lost 7-3 to the AHL All-Stars, in a game played at the Hershey Sports Arena, in Hershey, Pennsylvania.


1954–55 Aberdeen F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was Aberdeen's 42nd season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 44th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup.


1954–55 Allsvenskan, Overview
The league was contested by 12 teams, with Djurgårdens IF winning the championship.


1954–55 Allsvenskan (men's handball)
The 1954–55 Allsvenskan was the 21st season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. IK Heim won the league and claimed their second Swedish title. Redbergslids IK and Skövde AIK were relegated.


1954–55 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team
The 1954–1955 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1954–1955 college basketball season. The Hogs were coached by Glen Rose, in his third season of his second stint as head coach of the basketball team and twelfth season overall coaching Arkansas. The Razorbacks played their home games in the Men's Gymnasium, their eighteenth and final season there before moving into what would become known as Barnhill Arena. Arkansas had an overall record of 14–9 with an 8–4 record in Southwest Conference play, finishing in a tie for second place in the league.


1954–55 Arsenal F.C. season
During the 1954–55 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.


1954–55 Arsenal F.C. season, Season summary
A lacklustre start to the season resulted in three consecutive defeats. This record poor start would last for 67 years, until Mikel Arteta's Arsenal side in 2021-2022 went on to lose the first three games of the season.


1954–55 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1954–55 Ashes series
The 1954–55 Ashes series between Australia and England consisted of five Test cricket matches, each of six days duration with five hours play each day and eight ball overs. It formed part of the MCC tour of Australia in 1954–55 and the English team in matches outside the Tests were styled Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). England were captained by Len Hutton, the first professional cricketer to lead an MCC tour of Australia. The Australian team under Ian Johnson were confident of victory but, despite losing the first Test by an innings, England won the series 3–1 and retained the Ashes.


1954–55 Ashes series
England were the first touring team to win a series in Australia since 1932–33 and the last until 1970–71. They were the second of only three touring teams to win a series in Australia from behind, the other two being England in 1911–12 and the West Indies in 1992–93. The tour is best remembered for the bowling of Frank Tyson, who was at the time regarded as arguably the fastest and most frightening bowler ever seen in Australia.


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, Preliminaries
The England spinners had been out of form in the last few games, so the tour selectors (Geoffrey Howard, Len Hutton, Peter May, Bill Edrich and Godfrey Evans) chose four pace bowlers and Hutton was committed to bowling first, though this appears to have been his intention since the start of the tour. He was only the second England captain to play a Test match without a spinner, the first being Douglas Jardine in the second Test at Melbourne in 1932–33, a match England lost by 111 runs.


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, Preliminaries
Wicket-keeper Evans missed the Test because of heat-stroke and was replaced by debutant Keith Andrew. Colin Cowdrey, who had made 110 and 103 in the New South Wales match, and Les Favell, who had opened with 84 and 47 for South Australia against the tourists, also made their debuts. Reg Simpson opened with Hutton after his century against Queensland and the out of form Edrich had to come in at number three. There were worries about Ray Lindwall's gastric problems and Alec Bedser's undiagnosed rash, but in the end both were deemed fit to play. Remembering Bedser's hold over the Australian batsmen and that England still held the Ashes, the Australian bookies gave the two sides even odds.


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, Australia – first innings
Hutton had lost the toss five times in a row in 1953, but this time he won it and he became the first England captain to put Australia in to bat since 1911–12. He then watched his fielders drop 14 catches as Australia piled up 601/8 declared. Andrew dropped Arthur Morris off Bedser on 0, allowing the Australian opener to make 153, adding 202 in 232 minutes for the third wicket with Neil Harvey (162). Bedser had a rash all over his back, but bowled on regardless for 1/131 as another six catches were dropped off his bowling.


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, Australia – first innings
His ungainly fielding led to him being barracked by the crowd, calling "Old Man" whenever he stopped the ball. Frank Tyson, labouring under a 38-yard run up, went for 1/160 off 29 eight ball overs, but battered the batsmen with bouncers and bruised Morris on the arm several times. He also bowled short and fast at Lindwall after the all-rounder had despatched him to the boundary on his way to 64 not out, which would have serious repercussions in the second Test at Sydney. "We dropped a considerable number of catches," recalled wicket-keeper Andrew.


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, Australia – first innings
"Neither were we the fittest team in the world. Denis Compton broke a finger fielding on the first day and Bedser was never well, as was proved when it was discovered that he had developed shingles. One or two of us also got a touch of the sun, but there was no way of getting away from the fact that 'catches win matches'. "


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, England – first innings
When they finally got to bat on the third day England quickly collapsed to 25/4, but then debutant Cowdrey made 40, adding 72 for the 5th wicket with Trevor Bailey who ground out 88 over 283 minutes. With the "Barnacle" immobile at one end – he took 160 minutes to reach 38 – the Australian bowlers worked their way through the tail until Compton, who had broken the metacarpal bone in his hand on the boundary fence, came in at number eleven. Before the match a local businessman had promised £100 to the first English batsman to hit a six. Realising that the innings was soon to close, Bailey hit Ian Johnson into the stands to claim the prize. The wickets were shared among the Australian bowlers: Lindwall was the best with 3/27 and Johnson took 3/46.


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, England – second innings
Forced to follow on 411 runs behind England did better in the second innings, losing only two early wickets instead of four. Edrich made a battling 88 and put on 124 for the 3rd wicket with May (44), but when Bailey was out for 23 the tail collapsed from 220/5 to 257 all out despite Tyson making his highest Test score of 37 not out. The wickets were again distributed amongst the bowlers with Richie Benaud taking 3/43.


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, England – second innings
The newspapers widely criticised Hutton's decision to put Australia in to bat, though they accepted he would have done better if England had held onto their chances in the field. Only once before had a team come from behind to win in Australia. That was in the 1911–12 series when Sydney Barnes rescued England after they had lost the first Test. Johnson had more than confirmed his place as Australian captain, the result being the biggest Australian victory over England since they won by an innings and 332 runs in the .


1954–55 Ashes series, First Test – Brisbane, Result
Australia won by an innings and 154 runs to take a 1–0 lead in the series.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Preliminaries
Andrew, Simpson and Bedser were dropped from the England team. Andrew was not surprised as Evans was fit again but it annoyed Simpson and devastated Bedser, who had been the bedrock of England's bowling since the war. Bob Appleyard and Johnny Wardle were selected and Tom Graveney stood in for the injured Compton. Australia were not without their troubles as both Johnson and Keith Miller were unfit to play. Batsman Jim Burke and all-rounder Alan Davidson, both of New South Wales, were brought in as replacements. Vice-captain Morris led the team with Benaud as his vice-captain.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, England – first innings
Morris won the toss and, like Hutton at Brisbane, put the opposition in, but this time on a fast, green wicket. Here the similarity ended as the Australian bowlers turned up trumps, helped by some superb fielding. Bailey, acting as makeshift opener, was out for a duck (after 37 minutes) and wickets continued to fall at regular intervals, Ron Archer (3/12) and Bill Johnston (3/56) took most of the wickets and Davidson dismissed Hutton. Only Wardle's top scoring 35 – adding 43 for the last wicket with Brian Statham – managed to pull England up to 154.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – first innings
Australia replied with 228, the top nine batsmen getting into double figures, but no one reached 50. Archer equalled his best Test score of 49 and Burke made 44. Bailey opened the bowling as well as the batting and took 4/59, but the talking point was Tyson. With his "short" run up of 18-20 yards, he took 4/45, described vividly by Margaret Hughes of The Times, who wrote: "Harvey received a beast of a ball from Tyson which spat up at him and splashed off his bat to Cowdrey". Lindwall had bowled Tyson for a duck in the England first innings and was bounced again by the England fast bowler.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, England – second innings
With Australia 74 ahead on first innings, runs were imperative for England, but they fell to 55/3 before May (104) and Cowdrey (54) came together and made a disciplined stand of 116 for the fourth wicket. May added another 51 with Edrich before being bowled by Lindwall. Strangely, Tyson was put in to bat at number seven above Test centurion Evans. Lindwall boasted that he never bowled short at tail-enders (which didn't bother Tyson), but someone coming to bat at number seven can be regarded as an all-rounder.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, England – second innings
Lindwall bounced Tyson, who caught the ball on the back of his head and collapsed at the wicket. The Australians anxiously gathered around. Players did not wear protective helmets in the 1950s and Tyson had to be helped off the field and taken to hospital for x-rays. He returned to bat later and was cheered by the crowd. He made another eight runs before being bowled by Lindwall.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, England – second innings
England crashed from 222/4 to 250/9 and once again it was up to the last wicket pair – this time Appleyard (19 not out) and Statham (25) – to add 46 vital runs, taking the score to 296. The strength of the Australian bowling attack prevented any one man taking the lion's share, Archer (3/53), Lindwall (3/69) and Bill Johnston (3/70) sharing the wickets between them.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
Australia needed 223 runs to win in over four sessions, which was seen as none too difficult, especially if Tyson was affected by his injury. Instead, Tyson was very angry and ready to exact revenge. The Australians were afraid that he would send down a barrage of fast, short-pitched bowling, but Tyson was intelligent enough to bowl full length deliveries that caught them unprepared.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
Statham bowled the first over from the Paddington End into a "half a gale", while Tyson tore down the slope from the Randwick End and, with the wind behind him, bowled "as fast as man has ever bowled". Statham was unlucky when Favell was dropped in the first over and Morris was beaten four times before being trapped leg before wicket in the last over before tea, when Australia were 27/1.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
In the first over after tea, Favell was out after a ball from Tyson ricocheted off his bat and carried 120 feet to Edrich in the slips, who caught it chest-high. Somehow, Burke and Harvey survived the session as they played and missed when Tyson made the ball rear up from a length. Burke didn't score for almost an hour, but by the end of the day they were 72/2 and Australia needed only 151 more runs for victory.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
Burke did not long survive the morning as Tyson moved a ball back up the hill to flatten his stumps. Graeme Hole had a high backlift and failed to get his bat down in time to trap a yorker and was clean bowled by Tyson at 77/4. Hutton now rested his fast bowlers and brought on Bailey and Appleyard to slow down the scoring and tie up the batsman. Benaud was not a patient batsman and took a swipe at Appleyard but he hit it sky high to Tyson in the deep.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
He only managed to snatch it inches above the grass to have Australia 102/5. Harvey was now getting into his stride and in what some observers thought was his best innings, he counter-attacked the bowling, cutting short balls and clipping anything on his pads through the leg side and once hooking Tyson over fine leg's head for four. By lunch, Harvey and Archer had taken the score to 118/5 and, for as long as Harvey was in, the Australians thought they could win.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
After the interval, Tyson and Statham were brought back on with immediate results as Tyson felled Archer's stumps. Davidson lasted only six balls before he was caught by Evans off Statham. Statham as usual was unerringly accurate, conceding only 45 runs off 19 eight-ball overs. Tyson, much less accurate, conceded runs at double that rate. Graveney recalled that he was fielding in the slips and having to stand 40 yards off the bat, but the ball was still going over their heads from edged shots. Lindwall came in fearing the bouncer, and it was his undoing as he turned a Tyson half-volley into a yorker by playing off the back foot and was bowled.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
Harvey now started to farm the bowling, trying to protect the tail-enders from Tyson and Statham, but Gil Langley was bowled by Statham for a duck to leave Australia 145/9. Last man Johnston was in and Australia still needed 78 to win but, protected by Harvey, he only had to face 16 balls in the next 40 minutes. Tyson recalled that Johnston did his bit for his team "with true Aussie grit".


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
Finally, Tyson bowled a ball close to Johnston's body on the advice of Statham and a thin edge was enough for Evans to finish the innings and the match. Johnston was out for 11 while Harvey had made a defiant, unbeaten 92, which was exactly half the Australian total of 184. England won by 38 runs. Tyson had powered his way through the Australian batting, taking 6/85 (10–130 in the match) with Statham (3/45) in indefatigable support.


1954–55 Ashes series, Second Test – Sydney, Result
England beat Australia by 38 runs to level the series 1–1.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Preliminaries
Despite losing the Sydney Test, the Australians remained confident as Johnson and Miller returned to the team. Miller was playing against the advice of his doctor who warned him not to bowl on his injured knee. Miller himself said he didn't think his back could take the strain of bowling. Len Maddocks replaced Langley as wicket-keeper after the latter was hit in the eye by a bail in a Sheffield Shield match.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Preliminaries
England recalled Compton at the expense of Graveney, but faced a crisis on the first day of the Test when Hutton refused to leave his bed because of his fibrosis and a heavy cold. Howard and others persuaded him to play so as to not damage the morale of the team and, finally, Hutton agreed. The wicket was in worse condition than the one in Sydney. After the MCC's match against Victoria it had broken up completely and had to be repaired, but it was still covered with cracks even before the Test began.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, England – first innings
The match began on New Year's Eve. Hutton won the toss and elected to bat, but soon regretted it. Regardless of his knee and bad prob;ems, Miller opened the bowling with a 90-minute spell of three for five in nine overs to send Hutton, Edrich (who was Hutton's third opening partner in as many Tests) and Compton back to the pavilion in quick time.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, England – first innings
With Lindwall dismissing May for a duck, England were 41/4 and in deep trouble, but Cowdrey made 50 out of 69 and 100 out of 158 to complete his maiden Test century, adding 74 with Bailey (30) and 54 with Evans (20) before falling to Johnson with a ball that deviated onto his leg stump. Bill O'Reilly said it was the best Test innings he had ever seen and, aged only 22, Cowdrey was the youngest Englishman to make an Ashes century since Jack Hearne on the same ground in 1912. Archer with 4/33 wrapped up the tail and England fell from 181/6 to 191 all out at the end of the first day.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Australia – first innings
The wicket gave hope to the England bowlers and wickets fell at a steady rate through the second day to leave Australia on 181/8, only Morris and Favell failing to reach double figures. The next day was a Sunday and a rest day, but its events were to be of great importance. Fearing that the wicket would break up in the middle of the Test it was surreptitiously and illegally watered to bind the cracks and make it last an extra couple of days. Percy Barnes of The Age reported that he had overheard the MCG sprinklers during the night.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Australia – first innings
Tyson reckoned that if Barnes had not acted there would have been hardly any wicket left on the Monday. An official enquiry by the Victorian Cricket Association and the Melbourne Cricket Club denied any watering of the playing area during the match and claimed that the wicket must have sweated under the tarpaulin despite the baking heat and dry wind. Some scientists theorised that the dry weather drew up water from underground and the wicket watered itself, but a Sydney reporter asked how the wicket had managed to roll itself out to close up all the cracks.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Australia – first innings
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack said that large cracks were evident on Saturday and yet, on Monday, they had closed so that the surface temporarily behaved more kindly to batsmen. As England were due to bat, Hutton chose not to complain, but Maddocks (47), Johnson (33 not out) and Johnston (11) added another 50 runs before Statham (5/60) finished off the innings. It was the first time Statham took five wickets in a Test innings.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, England – second innings
Starting 40 runs behind, Hutton (42) and Edrich (13) levelled the score before the first wicket fell. Hutton was so ill that he could not take off his pads for an hour after returning to the dressing room and remained slumped in a corner. May held the innings together with 91 and then Bailey with a typically defensive innings of 24 not out from 144 balls held up one end while Evans (22) and Wardle (38) made runs at the other.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, England – second innings
Johnston was bowling slow left arm spinners although Wardle had previously punished these when the Australians played Yorkshire in 1953. Wardle hit seven boundaries in his 38. Miller said later that he told Johnston not to bowl slow to Wardle so Johnston reverted to seam and took the last three wickets for six runs. Johnston's 5/85 was the only Australian five wicket haul in the series. England were all out for 279.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Australia – second innings
Australia were set 240 to win, but Tyson had Morris caught for 4 by Cowdrey and Favell was bowled for 30 by Appleyard. Harvey and Benaud took the score to 75/2 by stumps and over 50,000 supporters came on the fifth day, expecting to see them score the remaining 165 runs. Instead, they saw what has been called "the fastest and most frightening sustained spell of fast bowling seen in Australia". Tyson sent Australia crashing to 111 all out and England won by 128 runs.


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Australia – second innings
Australia added only 36 runs that morning as Tyson took 6/16 off 6.3 eight-ball overs, giving him 7/27 in the whole innings. He bowled from the Richmond End and slightly into the breeze, but at enormous pace. The match finished well before lunch and Tyson remembered that the Melbourne Cricket Club caterers were left with thousands of unsold meat pies as the crowd deserted the ground. The match cemented Tyson's "Typhoon" reputation and he became only the fifth England bowler to take seven wickets in a Test innings in Australia after Tom Richardson (8/94), George Lohmann (8/35 and 8/58), Wilfred Rhodes (7/56 and 8/68) and Doug Wright (7/105).


1954–55 Ashes series, Third Test – Melbourne, Result
England won by 128 runs to lead the series 2–1.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fourth Test – Adelaide, Preliminaries
Despite good form shown by Peter Loader and Bedser in recent tour matches, England kept their winning team together. Edrich continued out of position as Hutton's opening partner. The Australian selection process was more confused. Morris was originally dropped and replaced by Colin McDonald, but then Favell was dropped after his failure in the recent tour match and Morris was recalled on the morning of the match. Hole had also played poorly for South Australia against MCC so he was dropped and Burke was recalled.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fourth Test – Adelaide, Preliminaries
Worse news for Australia was that Lindwall had pulled a muscle in the Queensland v Victoria game so Davidson was brought in. Though South Australia's Langley had recovered and made a fifty against the MCC, Victoria's Maddocks kept his place as wicket-keeper because of his batting in the third Test and was booed by the local crowd.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fourth Test – Adelaide, Australia – first innings
Johnson won the toss in the sweltering 100 °F/38 °C heat and chose to bat on the best surface seen since Brisbane. Hutton made himself unpopular with his deliberately slow over rates so that he could rest his exhausted fast bowlers. Statham ripped the nail off his right big toe and had to hack a hole in his boot so he could continue to bowl. It was Appleyard (3/58) who made the breakthrough by dismissing MacDonald, Miller and Benaud. Tyson (3/85) and Bailey (3/39) provided support as Australia fell to 229/8. Maddocks (69) justified his selection and was the only man to pass fifty, adding 92 for the ninth wicket with Johnson (41) until Bailey removed Johnson. Maddocks was run out two runs later and Australia were dismissed for 323 on the afternoon of the second day.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fourth Test – Adelaide, England – first innings
Hutton (80) and Edrich (20) saw England through to stumps and took the score to 60 the next morning before the first wicket fell. Cowdrey (79) added 99 with Hutton looking certain for a century before he smashed the ball into Davidson's back, where it lobbed up for an easy, if painful, catch. Cowdrey and Compton (44) took the score to 230/3 by the end of the day and England were confident of a first innings lead, but they both fell early next morning. There was then a collapse and the last seven wickets fell for 111. Even so, the total of 341 was England's highest in the series and gave them a slim 18-run lead. Leg-spinner Benaud (4/120) was the best Australian bowler.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fourth Test – Adelaide, Australia – second innings
Hutton made his bowling changes with great cunning, removing Tyson and Statham after a few overs and bringing on Appleyard whose 3/12 accounted for Morris, Burke and Harvey before the day was out, leaving the home side on 69/3. Expecting more spin the next day, Australia were confronted by Tyson (3/47) and Statham (3/38). Statham bowled MacDonald before a run was added to the overnight score. He then bowled Miller and dismissed Maddocks lbw. Tyson dismissed Benaud and Archer to reduce Australia to 83/8. Davidson (23) added some respectability to the lower order but Australia were out for 111.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fourth Test – Adelaide, England second innings
England needed only 94 runs to win the Test, win the series and retain the Ashes, but Miller (3/40) had other ideas, sending Hutton, Edrich and Cowdrey back to the pavilion for 18 and catching May off Johnston (2/20). Compton (34 not out) saw England through and Evans came in at the fall of the 5th wicket to hit the winning runs with a boundary.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fourth Test – Adelaide, Result
England beat Australia by 5 wickets to take a winning 3–1 lead in the series and retain the Ashes.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fifth Test – Sydney, Preliminaries
The only change in the England team was that Edrich was dropped for poor form and replaced by Graveney, who became Hutton's fourth opening partner of the series. Cowdrey had a broken nose (hit while fielding at Adelaide) and Bailey had broken a finger playing against Victoria, but both still played in the final Test, though Bailey did not bowl. With an eye to their imminent tour of the West Indies, the Australian selectors picked debutants Peter Burge and Bill Watson for experience. Favell and Lindwall returned to the side. Morris, Johnston, Archer and Burke were left out (Morris, Johnston and Archer had already been selected for the West Indies tour).


1954–55 Ashes series, Fifth Test – Sydney, England – first innings
The first three days were lost to heavy rain and only 13 hours play were available when the toss was finally held on the fourth afternoon, Johnson winning and putting England in to bat. Hutton was out quickly, but Graveney effortlessly stroked his way to 111 out of 182 in two and a half hours, adding 176 with May (79). Cowdrey was out first ball but Compton (84) and Bailey (72) added 134. Hutton declared on 371/7, easily England's best score of the series. Lindwall took three for 77, including his 100th in Tests against England, and Johnson three for 68.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fifth Test – Sydney, Australia – first innings
McDonald responded with 72, adding 53 for the first wicket with Watson (18), but Maddocks (32) was the only other batsman to make more than 20 as the England spinner Wardle (5/79) worked his way through their batting with a mixture of orthodox slow left arm spin mixed with wrist-spin and reverse googlies. Johnson was run out when the last wicket fell for 221. Some people believed that the follow on had been avoided but, due to the three days lost, Hutton could enforce a follow on despite being only 150 runs ahead. He promptly did so. It was the first time Australia had followed on since the Oval Test in 1938 when Hutton had made his world record 364.


1954–55 Ashes series, Fifth Test – Sydney, Australia – second innings
Macdonald (37) watched the wickets fall about him again and at 29/3 Australia were in danger of an innings defeat as Wardle (3/51) struck again. Miller (28), Burge (18 not out) and Benaud (22) stopped the rot, but Hutton did not concede the draw until he brought himself on in the final over, bowling Benaud with the last ball of the series. Australia ended on 118/6, still 32 runs short of making England bat again.


1954–55 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT
League rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954–1966


1954–55 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 1954–55 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1954–55 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Joel Eaves, who was in his sixth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Auburn Sports Arena in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 11–9, 6–8 in SEC play.


1954–55 Austrian football championship, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and First Vienna FC won the championship.


1954–55 Baltimore Bullets season
The 1954–55 NBA season was the Bullets' 8th season in the NBA. The franchise ceased operations after playing 14 game with a 3-11 record on November 27, 1954. NBA's official record books for the 1954-55 season do not include the Bullets' games and team statistics, nor do they include the statistics of opposing players and teams in games played against the Bullets.


1954–55 Baltimore Bullets season
Baltimore would go without an NBA team until 1963, when the Chicago Zephyrs moved to Baltimore and became the second incarnation of the Baltimore Bullets.


1954–55 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season
The 1954–55 Beitar Jerusalem season was the club's 19th season since its establishment, in 1936, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.


1954–55 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season
During the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup.


1954–55 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season, Match results, Liga Alef
League matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.


1954–55 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season
The 1954–55 Beitar Tel Aviv season was the club's 22nd season since its establishment, in 1934, and 7th since the establishment of the State of Israel.


1954–55 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season
During the season, the club competed in Liga Alef (top division) and the State Cup. In addition, the club played in the privately organized Shapira Cup, a four-club league competition.


1954–55 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match results, Liga Alef
League matches began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the season, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, delaying the end of the league season to the next season.


1954–55 Belgian First Division, Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.


1954–55 Birmingham City F.C. season
The 1954–55 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 52nd in the Football League and their 24th in the Second Division. They finished top of the 22-team division on goal average, thus winning the Second Division title for the fourth time and gaining promotion to the First Division for 1955–56. They entered the 1954–55 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost to Manchester City in the sixth round (quarter-final).


1954–55 Birmingham City F.C. season
Bob Brocklebank and chief scout Walter Taylor laid the foundations for the club's successes of the 1950s, introducing future England internationals Trevor Smith and Jeff Hall to the side, and bringing in the likes of Peter Murphy, Eddy Brown, Roy Warhurst and Alex Govan. Arthur Turner took over from Brocklebank as manager in November 1954 with the club mid-table in the Second Division, having gained only one point away from home.


1954–55 Birmingham City F.C. season
By the end of the season they had scored 92 goals,inflicted Liverpool's record defeat, by nine goals to one, which was also Birmingham's widest margin of victory in a league match since the 19th century, and, needing five points from the last three games, all away from home, to be sure of promotion, confirmed themselves as champions with a 5–1 win in the last game of the season away at Doncaster Rovers.


1954–55 Birmingham City F.C. season
Twenty-five players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were eleven different goalscorers. Half-back Len Boyd played in 43 of the 46 first-team matches over the season, and Peter Murphy was leading goalscorer with 20 goals, all scored in league competition. All five first-choice forwards – Gordon Astall, Noel Kinsey, Brown, Murphy and Govan – reached double figures.


1954–55 Blackpool F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 47th season (44th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing nineteenth.


1954–55 Blackpool F.C. season
Stan Mortensen was the club's top scorer for the eleventh consecutive season, with eleven goals in all competitions.


1954–55 Blackpool F.C. season
Harry Johnston retired at the end of the season after 21 years of service for Blackpool, his only professional club. He remains the club's longest-serving player.


1954–55 Boston Bruins season
The 1954–55 Boston Bruins season saw the Bruins finish in fourth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 23 wins, 26 losses, and 21 ties for 67 points. In the playoffs, they lost the semi-finals to the Montreal Canadiens in five games.


1954–55 Boston Bruins season, Player statistics, Forwards
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1954–55 Boston Bruins season, Player statistics, Defencemen
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1954–55 Boston Bruins season, Player statistics, Goaltending
Note: GP= Games played; W= Wins; L= Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average


1954–55 Boston Celtics season
The 1954–55 NBA season was the Celtics' 9th season in the NBA.


1954–55 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The 1954–55 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 42nd in the club's history.


1954–55 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The club finished 21st in Division Three North, and reached the 3rd round of the FA Cup.


1954–55 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1954–55 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division South. In the club's first season back in the third-tier since 1932–33, the Bees finished in mid-table. The season was memorable for the debuts of youth products Jim Towers and George Francis, who went on to dominate Brentford's goalscoring charts until 1961.


1954–55 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
The 1954–55 Third Division South season marked Brentford's fall from the top-flight to the basement in just seven years. It was the Bees' first Third Division South season since 1932–33 and though he had a limited budget, manager Bill Dodgin Sr. did not conduct a fire sale and managed to keep his squad intact. Forwards George Stobbart, Jeff Taylor and goalkeeper Sonny Feehan were the only players to arrive at Griffin Park.


1954–55 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Ageing full back Fred Monk was released, goalkeeper Alf Jefferies transferred to Torquay United and the £10,000 fee from the sale of Jimmy Bloomfield to Arsenal was spent on relieving the club's debts. The products of Alf Bew's youth team were to be given more of a chance than in the previous Second Division seasons.


1954–55 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Brentford drew four of the first six matches of the season and Bees slowly pulled away from the relegation places, before moving into the top 10 after three wins in a four match spell in late September 1954. An uneven period followed through to February 1955, with the club drifting slowly towards the re-election places (the £10,000 sale of forward Billy Dare to West Ham United was offset by the emergence of youth product Jim Towers), before rising back to an 11th-place finish after just three defeats in the final 18 matches of the season. Frank Dudley (20, George Stobbart (19) and Jim Towers (16) led the club's goalscoring chart, but while 82 league goals were scored, 82 were also conceded, which was amongst the highest in the Third Division South.


1954–55 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
The FA Cup proved to be an entertaining distraction, with Brentford entering at the first round stage for the first time since the 1932–33 season. Non -league clubs Nuneaton Borough and Crook Town were beaten in the first two rounds and it took two replays to get past Bradford City in the third. The Bees fell to Newcastle United at St James' Park in the fourth round, but they gave their First Division hosts a scare with goals from George Stobbart and Johnny Rainford in the 3–2 defeat.


1954–55 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
A number of club records were set or equalled during the season:


1954–55 British Home Championship
The 1954–55 British Home Championship was a football tournament played between the British Home Nations during the 1954–55 football season. It was won by a strong England side which included players such as Johnny Haynes and Nat Lofthouse as well as future manager Don Revie. England and Scotland, had competed at the 1954 FIFA World Cup in the summer before the tournament began and both teams had struggled, eventually being knocked out by Uruguay, Scotland by a 7–0 margin.


1954–55 British Home Championship
England began the tournament as favourites and proved their status with a simple victory over Ireland in their first match. Scotland matched this with a difficult win over Wales in their match, although only by one goal to nil. Both Wales and Ireland improved in their second matches, the Irish holding Scotland to a 2–2 draw whilst the Welsh almost achieved the same against England in London, eventually losing 3–2.


1954–55 British Home Championship
The final games were played at the conclusion of the domestic season, and saw Ireland fall to the Welsh under their inspirational goalscorer John Charles, who netted a hat trick in a 3–2 victory. England had by this time taken the championship with a comprehensive demolition of Scotland 7–2 in their final match, Dennis Wilshaw claiming four of the goals.


1954–55 British Ice Hockey season
The 1954–55 British Ice Hockey season featured a new British National League whereby the English and Scottish teams had merged into one National League.


1954–55 British National League season
The 1954–55 British National League season was the first season of the British National League. Eleven teams participated in the league, and the Harringay Racers won the championship. The Dunfermline Vikings withdrew from the league after eleven games.


1954–55 Bulgarian Hockey League season
The 1954–55 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the fourth season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Seven teams participated in the league, and Torpedo Sofia won the championship.


1954–55 Bury F.C. season
During the 1954–55 season Bury competed in the Football League Second Division where they finished in 13th position with 41 points. In the FA Cup Bury were drawn against fellow Second Division side Stoke City in the third round which went to a fourth replay with Stoke finally winning 3–2 after 9 hours and 22 minutes of football in the longest FA Cup tie between two professional teams.


1954–55 Bury F.C. season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1954–55 Cardiff City F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 28th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the first tier of English football, finishing twentieth.


1954–55 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup
Entering the competition in the third round, Cardiff were eliminated by fellow First Division side Arsenal after a 1–0 defeat.


1954–55 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, Welsh Cup
After wins over Pembroke Borough and Newport County, Cardiff were knocked out of the competition in the semi-finals for a third year in a row after a 2–0 defeat to Chester City.


1954–55 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1954–55 Carlisle United F.C. season
For the 1954–55 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.


1954–55 Celtic F.C. season
During the 1954–55 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division A.


1954–55 Challenge Cup
The 1954–55 Challenge Cup was the 54th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.


1954–55 Challenge Cup, Final
This was also the first time that there was an all-Cumbrian Final. Barrow beat Workington Town 21-12 in the final played at Wembley before a crowd of 66,513. Captained by former Great Britain skipper Willie Horne, this was Barrow’s first Challenge Cup Final win, although have been runners-up on four other occasions. Jack Grundy, Barrow's Second-row was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.


1954–55 Challenge Cup, Final
Barrow: Clive Best, Jimmy Lewthwaite, Phil Jackson, Dennis Goodwin, Frank Castle, Willie Horne, Edward Toohey, Les Belshaw, Vince McKeating, Frank Barton, Jack Grundy, Reg Parker, and Bill Healey.


1954–55 Chelsea F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was Chelsea Football Club's 50th of competitive football, their Golden Jubilee and their 20th consecutive year in the English top flight. It was also the club's most successful year up to that point, as they won the Football League Championship for the first time.


1954–55 Chelsea F.C. season
The success was unexpected; Chelsea had never won a major trophy before and their league positions since the Second World War had ranged from 8th to 20th. Four consecutive defeats in October had left the club in 12th place this time.


1954–55 Chelsea F.C. season
But the team lost just three more meaningful league games that season and beat principal rivals Wolverhampton Wanderers twice to secure the Championship with a game to spare. Club captain Roy Bentley finished as top scorer, with 21 goals, and the club attracted an average home gate of 48,307, the highest in the division.


1954–55 Chester F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was the 17th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.


1954–55 Chester F.C. season
It was the club's 17th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.


1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season
The 1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 29th season in the NHL, and the team was coming off a season in 1953–54 when they set the NHL record for losses in a season with 51, finishing in last place in the NHL, and missing the playoffs for the seventh time in eight seasons. Due to poor attendances at home games, the Blackhawks played eight scheduled games at neutral venues. Six games were played at St Louis, Missouri, one at Omaha, Nebraska, and one game at Saint Paul, Minnesota.


1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season
It was a busy off-season for Chicago, as Bill Tobin was replaced by Tommy Ivan as general manager of the club. Ivan had previously been the head coach of the Detroit Red Wings from 1947 to 1954, winning three Stanley Cups with the team. He hired Frank Eddolls to be his head coach, as player-coach Sid Abel was let go after the 1953–54 season. Eddolls had previously been a player-coach of the Buffalo Bisons of the AHL. One of Ivan's first moves as the general manager of the team was to build a farm system, as the Black Hawks were the only team in the NHL without one.


1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season
During the season, the Hawks were involved in a number of trades, including acquiring Ed Litzenberger from the Montreal Canadiens, and getting Allan Stanley and Nick Mickoski in a trade with the New York Rangers. The Litzenberger trade paid off immediately, as he was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy for the best rookie in the league.


1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season
It would be another long season in Chicago, with wins few and far between. The team only won consecutive games twice throughout the season, and had numerous losing streaks. The Hawks finished the year with a 13–40–17 record, earning 43 points, which represented a 12-point increase over the previous season; however, the club finished in last place in the league for the second year in a row.


1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season
Offensively, Chicago was led by Red Sullivan, whom the team acquired in the off-season. Sullivan scored a team-high 19 goals and 42 assists for 61 points, which ranked him sixth in the NHL. Rookie Ed Litzenberger contributed with 16 goals and 40 points in 44 games with Chicago, while Harry Watson scored 14 goals and 30 points in 43 games before being dealt to the Toronto Maple Leafs.


1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season
Jack McIntyre led the Hawks blueline with 16 goals and 29 points, while fellow defenceman Allan Stanley scored 10 goals and 25 points in 52 games after being acquired from the New York Rangers. Gord Hollingworth led the Hawks with 135 penalty minutes, while team captain Gus Mortson was right behind him, getting 133.


1954–55 Chicago Black Hawks season
In goal, Al Rollins played in 44 games, winning a club-high 9 of them, while posting a GAA of 3.39. Backup goaltender Hank Bassen posted a record of 4–9–8, leading the club with a 3.00 GAA.


1954–55 Colchester United F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was Colchester United's 13th season in their history and their fifth season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. Following a replay, Colchester were knocked out of the FA Cup in the first round by Reading. Meanwhile, in the league, Colchester's poor run of form had Jack Butler allowed indefinite leave following a bout of ill health.


1954–55 Colchester United F.C. season
After resigning in January 1955, Colchester appointed Benny Fenton as his replacement, and despite an upturn in form, a run of defeats at the end of the season meant Colchester needed to apply for re-election for the second successive season. Once more, all clubs applying for re-election were successful, with Colchester receiving 44 votes, behind Third Division North clubs Grimsby Town (49 votes) and Chester City (47 votes), but eleven votes ahead of division rivals Walsall.


1954–55 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview
Eight successive league defeats from October to December saw Colchester bottom of the league for Christmas Day, and the plight of the club had begun to have an effect on the health of manager Jack Butler. After falling ill in November, Butler was handed indefinite leave until by the club until the end of his contract in 1956. Suffering from a mental breakdown, Butler eventually resigned on 14 January 1955, while club secretary Claude Orrin was charged with finding a new manager.


1954–55 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview
During this transitional period, Orrin and Alf Miller took charge of the first-team, before appointing Benny Fenton as manager after attracting 48 applications for the vacancy. Despite a brief boost in on-field fortunes in March and early April, performances tailed off as Colchester picked up just one point in the final eight games of the campaign. The club finished bottom of the Football League and were again required to seek re-election, in which they were successful.


1954–55 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts
Players making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.


1954–55 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team
The 1954–55 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1954–55 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 20–5 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with an 8–0 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round of the 1955 National Invitation Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hugh S. Greer Field House in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by ninth-year head coach Hugh Greer.


1954–55 Copa México
The Copa México 1954–55 was the 39th edition of the Copa México and the 12th staging in the professional era.


1954–55 Copa México
The competition started on February 5, 1955, and concluded on March 6, 1955, with the Final, held at the Estadio Olímpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which América defeated Guadalajara 1–0.


1954–55 Cypriot Cup
The 1954–55 Cypriot Cup was the 18th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 16 clubs entered the competition. It began on 18 June 1955 with the first round and concluded on 10 July 1955 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. EPA Larnaca won their 5th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Pezoporikos 2–1 in the final.


1954–55 Cypriot Cup, Format
In the 1954–55 Cypriot Cup, participated the 10 teams of the Cypriot First Division and 6 of the 11 teams of the Cypriot Second Division (the three winners of each group and other three teams after a draw between the other 8 second division teams).


1954–55 Cypriot Cup, Format
The competition consisted of four knock-out rounds. In all rounds each tie was played as a single leg and was held at the home ground of the one of the two teams, according to the draw results. Each tie winner was qualifying to the next round. If a match was drawn, extra time was following. If extra time was drawn, there was a replay match.


1954–55 Cypriot First Division
Statistics of  the Cypriot First Division for the 1954–55 season.


1954–55 Cypriot First Division, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and AEL Limassol won the championship.


1954–55 Cypriot Second Division
The 1954–55 Cypriot Second Division was the 2nd season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Nea Salamis Famagusta won their 1st title.


1954–55 Cypriot Second Division, Format
Eleven teams participated in the 1954–55 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split into three geographical groups, depending from which Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of each group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season were crowned group champions. The winners of each group played against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. The champion were promoted to the 1955–56 Cypriot First Division.


1954–55 Cypriot Second Division, Format
Teams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.


1954–55 Czechoslovak Extraliga season
The 1954–55 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 12th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 16 teams participated in the league, and Rudá Hvězda Brno won the championship.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga
The 1954–55 DDR-Oberliga was the sixth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. After the 1954–55 season the league played a transition round in autumn 1955, followed by five seasons, until 1960, where it played in the calendar year format. From 1961–62 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga
The league was contested by fourteen teams, one less than in the previous season, a strength the DDR-Oberliga would operate at for the rest of its history. BSG Turbine Erfurt won the championship, its second consecutive one for the club, becoming the first club to win back-to-back titles.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga
Willy Tröger of SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt was the league's top scorer with 22 goals.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga
Two teams were relocated during the season, in November 1954, with Dynamo Dresden relocating to East Berlin to continue as SC Dynamo Berlin and BSG Empor Lauter relocating to Rostock to continue as SC Empor Rostock. A number clubs were replaced by the new Sport clubs from October 1954 onwards, indicated by the SC before the name, to concentrate the best players in centers of excellence at certain locations and to improve the level of the game in East Germany.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga
The football department of BSG Wismut Aue was delegated to the newly founded sports club SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt, but the team remained in Aue and did not move to Chemnitz, then called Karl-Marx-Stadt, despite joining SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt. BSG Einheit Ost and BSG Chemie Leipzig were dissolved, and their football players were delegated to the newly founded sports clubs SC Rotation Leipzig and SC Lokomotive Leipzig respectively.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga
Unlike the 1954–55 champions of West Germany and the Saar Protectorate the East German champion did not take part in the  first edition of the European Cup the following season. It would take until 1957–58 for the DDR-Oberliga winner to compete in Europe.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga, Table
The 1954–55 season saw two newly promoted clubs, ASK Vorwärts Berlin and BSG Chemie Karl-Marx-Stadt.


1954–55 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season
The 1954–55 DDR-Oberliga season was the seventh season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Seven teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Weißwasser won the championship.


1954–55 DFB-Pokal
The 1954–55 DFB-Pokal was the 12th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 15 August 1954 and ended on 21 May 1955. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. In the final Karlsruher SC defeated Schalke 04 3–2.


1954–55 Danish 1st Division, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Aarhus Gymnastikforening won the championship.


1954–55 Danish Cup
The 1954–55 Danish Cup was the 1st installment of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark.


1954–55 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season
The 1954–55 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season was the first season of ice hockey in Denmark. Three teams participated in the final tournament, and Rungsted IK won the championship.


1954–55 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season, Jütland Regional Tournament
The Jütland Regional Tournament was contested on February 19 and 20, 1955 in Silkeborg.


1954–55 Detroit Red Wings season
The 1954–55 Detroit Red Wings season saw the Red Wings finish first overall in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 42 wins, 17 losses, and 11 ties for 95 points. They swept the Toronto Maple Leafs in the semi-finals and then won the Stanley Cup by defeating the Montreal Canadiens in a seven-game Stanley Cup Final. The Red Wings would not win another Stanley Cup until 1997.


1954–55 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Forwards
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1954–55 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Defencemen
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes


1954–55 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Goaltending
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average


1954–55 Djurgårdens IF season
The 1954–55 season was Djurgårdens IF's 55th in existence, their 11th season in Allsvenskan and their sixth consecutive season in the league. They were competing in Allsvenskan.


1954–55 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team
The 1954–55 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1954–55 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 3rd year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College–Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).


1954–55 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team
The team finished the season 14–5, and finished in 1st place in the MAC in the regular season.


1954–55 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team
The 1954–55 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1954–55 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley and the team finished the season with an overall record of 20–8.


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was the 71st Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Supplementary League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Division C (South-West)
With club finances re-structured, a new manager (Peter McGown having taken over from Willie Irvine) and a new youthful team in place, the season was approached with some confidence, in the knowledge that only winning the league would guarantee a return to the top 'tiers' of Scottish football.


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Division C (South-West)
However, things were not going to be easy, since apart from Stranraer, their league opponents would be the reserve (or 'A') sides of the bigger clubs from the top two divisions - and so it was to prove, for despite challenging strongly throughout the season, and topping the league in early March, in the end only 4th place out of 13 was achieved,


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Division C (South-West)
Nevertheless, league re-construction at the end of the season meant that the Divisions C were brought to an end, with Dumbarton, Stranraer, Montrose, East Stirling and Berwick Rangers all joining a revamped 19 team Second Division for season 1955-56.


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup
There was an early exit in the Cup with Dumbarton losing to Montrose in the third round.


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Supplementary League Cup
No progress was made from the sectional games in the Supplementary League Cup, finishing 5th of 7.


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup
There was also a first round defeat in the county cup, to East Stirling.


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers
Amongst those players joining and leaving the club were the following:


1954–55 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve Team
Dumbarton only played one official 'reserve' match in the Second XI Cup, losing in the first round to Clyde, after a replay.


1954–55 Dundee F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was the fifty-third season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division A, where the club would finish in 8th place. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would be knocked out of the group stages of the League Cup, and would be defeated by Rangers in a replay in the 5th round of the Scottish Cup.


1954–55 Dundee United F.C. season
The 1954–55 season was the 47th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1954 to 30 June 1955. United finished in thirteenth place in the Second Division.


1954–55 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results
Dundee United played a total of 37 competitive matches during the 1954–55 season.


1954–55 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend
All results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics


1954–55 Everton F.C. season
During the 1954–55 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.


1954–55 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table
P = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points


1954–55 FA Cup
The 1954–55 FA Cup was the 74th season of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Newcastle United won the competition for the sixth time, beating Manchester City 3–1 in the final at Wembley.


1954–55 FA Cup
Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.


1954–55 FA Cup, First round proper
At this stage clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined those non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds (except Crook Town and Bishop Auckland that given byes to this round). Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 20 November 1954. Seven were drawn and went to replays, with one of these going to a second replay.


1954–55 FA Cup, Second Round Proper
The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 11 December 1954. Four matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.


1954–55 FA Cup, Third round proper
The 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 8 January 1955. Ten matches were drawn and went to replays, with three of these requiring a second replay. Notable is tie no. 3, between Bury and Stoke City, which went to four replays before Stoke won in the final game, with an aggregated score of 9–10.