1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet
In an interrogation that lasted multiple hours, Maurice Maillet denied mixing rye (which is highly susceptible to ergot) into his flour, opting instead to cut his product with 2% of bean flour. This was unusual, given that owing to a shortage of wheat, ONIC had mandated that rye flour be mixed in. However, in the Vienne department, rye of good quality was often more expensive than wheat, and accordingly, bean flour was authorised by ONIC as a replacement.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet
Despite this, it came to light that the supply of grains to be milled for export was sometimes mixed with grains milled in an informal agreement called échangisme. Under this type of agreement, often practiced at the time, a farmer would bring a baker grain he grew himself in exchange for bread that would later be made with his grain. The baker would bring the grain to the miller, who would mill it. The miller and baker would each take a cut for sale.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet
During the interrogation, Maillet admitted that he had made a deal with a baker, Guy Bruère, who had brought in bags to be milled. Since this was near the end of the season, the bags were filled with leftover grain that sometimes contained a high proportion of rye. The rye was not the only problem with the flour, as the miller also noted the presence of weevils, mites and dust. The baker was concerned that he would lose business should he refuse the grain on the basis of quality.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Criminal investigation, Maurice Maillet
Despite the miller having noticed the low quality of the grains, he agreed to exchange the grain for a lower quantity of flour already milled from grain marked for export. Given that the quantity of lower-quality grain was much lower than that of the grain for export, the miller thought that it would be possible to mix it all without reducing the overall quality of the flour.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Arrests and trial
On August 31, around 14:30, Sigaud addressed the media, announcing the arrests of Maillet and Bruère for involuntary manslaughter and involuntary injuries arising from their negligence in trading improper flour. Further arrests were made in the following days: an employee of Maillet, André Bertrand, was arrested, but released on bail as he was the head of a family of nine whose wife was about to give birth. The owners of the bakery at which Bruère was employed, Clothaire and Denise Audidier, were also arrested for infractions of fiscal legislation and of legislation governing wheat and flour.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Scientific publishing
Shortly after the incident, in September 1951, Dr. Gabbai and colleagues published a paper in the British Medical Journal declaring that "the outbreak of poisoning" was produced by ergot fungus. The victims appeared to have one common connection. They had eaten bread from the bakery of Roch Briand, who was subsequently blamed for having used flour made from contaminated rye. Animals who had eaten the bread were also found to have perished. According to reports at the time, the flour had been contaminated by the fungus Claviceps purpurea (ergot), which produces alkaloids that are structurally similar to the hallucinogenic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories
Later investigations suggested mercury poisoning due to the use of Panogen or other fungicides to treat grain and seeds.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories
This type of contamination was considered owing to the presence of fluorescent stains on the outside of some used empty flour bags returned to the distributor. Panogen was sold containing a red colorant as a safety measure, to ensure that seeds coated with it would be used only for planting. Subsequent scientific tests showed that this coloring would not penetrate flour bags but that the active ingredient could do so. This would allow contamination of the flour, but it would appear to be limited to the bags.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories
Further testing showed that if bread were to be baked using Panogen-contaminated flour, the rising of the bread could be partially or totally inhibited, depending on the concentration. This hypothesis was considered thoroughly in a French civil trial arising from the accident, with the contamination mechanism being a train wagon carrying flour that could have previously carried concentrated cylinders of Panogen intended for agricultural uses. It was later discovered that pre-treating the seeds in Panogen could lead to mercury accumulation in the plants growing from those seeds. For this reason, Panogen, made by a Swedish company, was banned in Sweden in 1966. A revised version of the ban, in 1970, would prohibit the exportation of Panogen, leading to its removal from the market.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories
In 1982, a French researcher suggested Aspergillus fumigatus, a toxic fungus produced in grain silos, as a potential culprit.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories
Historian Steven Kaplan's 2008 book, Le Pain Maudit argues that the poisoning might have been caused by nitrogen trichloride used to artificially (and illegally) bleach flour.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, Other theories, Conspiracy theory
In his 2009 book, A Terrible Mistake, author Hank P. Albarelli Jr originated a conspiracy theory claiming that the Special Operations Division of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) tested the use of LSD on the population of Pont-Saint-Esprit as part of its MKNAOMI biological warfare program in a field test called "Project SPAN". Historian Steven Kaplan called Albarelli's theory “harebrained” and "clinically incoherent", noting that LSD does not cause the digestive ailments and effects reported by the townspeople, and typically takes effect in just a few hours, whereas the inhabitants showed symptoms only after 36 hours or more.


1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning, In popular culture
Barbara Comyns wrote her third novel, Who Was Changed and Who Was Dead (1954), after reading about the poisoning.


1951 Portuguese presidential election
The Portuguese presidential election, 1951 was held on 22 July, five years earlier than scheduled due to the death of President Óscar Carmona on 18 April 1951.


1951 Portuguese presidential election
Francisco Craveiro Lopes won the election unopposed after Manuel Quintão Meireles withdrew, while Rui Luís Gomes was removed from the ballot after being declared a communist by the Salazar dictatorship.


1951 Preakness Stakes
The 1951 Preakness Stakes was the 76th running of the $110,245 Preakness Stakes horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. The second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series, the event took place on May 19, 1951. Owned by Isabel Dodge Sloane's Brookmeade Stable and ridden by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Eddie Arcaro, Bold easily won the race by seven lengths over runner-up Counterpoint. The race was run on a track rated fast in a final time of 1:56 2/5.


1951 Preakness Stakes
For jockey Arcaro, the win was a record fourth time he had won the race.


1951 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours
The 1951 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours were officially announced in a supplement to the London Gazette of 27 November 1951, published on 30 November 1951, to mark the resignation of the Prime Minister, Clement Attlee.


1951 Primera División de Chile
The 1951 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Profesional was Chilean first tier’s 19th season. Unión Española was the tournament’s champion, winning its second title.


1951 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1951 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on April 26, 1951.


1951 Prince Edward Island general election
The governing Liberals of Premier J. Walter Jones held on to their majority in the Legislature over the opposition Progressive Conservatives led by Reginald Bell, who was elected leader of the party in 1950. Both parties kept the same number of seats they earned in the previous election, though eight seats did change hands.


1951 Prince Edward Island general election
The democratic socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation fell back from their previous high in 1947, losing over half of their vote. This would be the last election contested by the CCF or any third party in provincial PEI elections until the CCF's successor, the New Democratic Party, ran in by-elections in 1972.


1951 Prince Edward Island general election
This election featured the first female candidate for office, Hilda Ramsay, who came in third while running for the CCF as Councillor in 3rd Prince.


1951 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected
The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.


1951 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected
In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.


1951 Princeton Tigers baseball team
The 1951 Princeton Tigers baseball team represented Princeton University in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Bill Clarke Field. The team was coached by Emerson Dickman serving his 3rd year at Princeton.


1951 Princeton Tigers baseball team
The Tigers won the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League championship and advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.


1951 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1951 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1951 college football season. The team was considered the best in the East, winning the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy, and was ranked sixth nationally. Dick Kazmaier won the Heisman Trophy and was the nation's total offense leader in his senior year as well as the most accurate passer in the country.


1951 Princeton Tigers football team, Team players drafted into the NFL
The following players were drafted into professional football following the season.


1951 Pro Bowl
The 1951 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's inaugural Pro Bowl which featured the league's outstanding performers from the 1950 season. The game was played on Sunday, January 14, 1951, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 53,676 fans. The American Conference squad defeated the National Conference by a score of 28–27. The player were selected by a vote of each conferences coaches along with the sports editors of the newspapers in the Los Angeles area, where the game was contested.


1951 Pro Bowl
The National team was led by the Los Angeles Rams' Joe Stydahar while Paul Brown of the Cleveland Browns coached the American stars. The same two coaches had faced each other three weeks earlier in the 1950 NFL Championship Game in which Brown's team had also defeated Stydahar's. Both coaches employed the T formation offense in the Pro Bowl.


1951 Pro Bowl
Cleveland Browns quarterback Otto Graham was named the game's outstanding player.


1951 Pro Bowl, Rosters
The 31-man Pro Bowl squads consisted of the following players:


1951 Pro Bowl, Number of selections by team
Note: these numbers include players selected to the team but unable to play as well as replacements for these players, so there are more than 31 players in each conference.


1951 Puerto Rican Constitutional Convention election
A special election was held in Puerto Rico in 1951. These were organized to select the delegates of that would participate in the Constitutional Convention held the same year.


1951 Puerto Rican Law 600 referendum
A referendum on (United States) Public Law 81-600, granting improved self-government, was held in Puerto Rico on 4 June 1951. It was approved by 76.5% of voters.


1951 Pulitzer Prize
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by Toohool (talk | contribs) at 04:08, 17 August 2020 (→Journalism awards:  copyedit). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.


1951 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1951 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 5–4 record, finished in second place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4–1 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 153 to 152.


1951 Purdue Boilermakers football team
Notable players on the 1951 Purdue team included quarterback Dale Samuels and end Leo Sugar.


1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 25th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 18 February 1951 and 17 March 1951 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.


1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1951, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 4-09 to 3-06 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 19th Railway Cup title overall and their fourth title in succession.


1951 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
Leinster's Shem Downey was the Railway Cup top scorer with 5-02.


1951 Redex 100
The 1951 Redex 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 26 March 1951. It was held over 26 laps, a total distance of approximately 100 miles  (161 km). The race was contested on a handicap basis with the first car starting 11 minutes and 30 seconds minutes before the last car.


1951 Redex 100
The race was won by F.W. Pratley driving a Monoskate.


1951 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
The Rhineland-Palatinate state election, 1951 was conducted on 29 April 1951 to elect members to the Landtag, the state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany.


1951 Rhineland-Palatinate state election
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1951 Rhode Island Rams football team
The 1951 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Ed Doherty, the team compiled a 3–5 record (1–3 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place out of six teams in the Yankee Conference, and was outscored by a total of 133 to 130. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.


1951 Rice Owls football team
The 1951 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1951 college football season. The Owls were led by 12th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at  Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. The team competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for third.


1951 Richmond Trophy
The 1951 Richmond Trophy was a non-championship Formula One motor race held at the Goodwood Circuit on 26 March 1951.


1951 Ringway Dakota crash
On 27 March 1951 a Douglas Dakota 3 cargo aircraft registered G-AJVZ operated by Air Transport Charter en route from Ringway Airport, Manchester, England, to Nutts Corner Airport, Antrim, Northern Ireland, crashed shortly after takeoff following the failure of the aircraft to gain height. There were two fatalities amongst the crew on board.


1951 Ringway Dakota crash, Accident
The Dakota was operating a flight carrying newspapers from Ringway to Nutts Corner. On takeoff from Runway 06 in freezing conditions and light falling snow, it swung to port, failed to climb, and struck the top of a tree in Woodhouse Lane, close to the hamlet of Heyhead, half a mile from the end of the runway. Both pilots were killed.


1951 Ringway Dakota crash, Conclusion
The subsequent investigation found that the crash resulted from a loss of engine power caused by ice formation in the carburettor intakes attributable to the captain's failure to make use of the heat controls. The extended undercarriage and the presence of snow on the wings may have also been contributory factors.


1951 Roller Hockey World Cup
The 1951 Roller Hockey World Cup was the seventh roller hockey world cup, organized by the Fédération Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 11 national teams (all from Europe) and it is also considered the 1951 European Roller Hockey Championship. All the games were played in the city of Barcelona, in Spain, the chosen city to host the World Cup.


1951 Rose Bowl
The 1951 Rose Bowl was the 37th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on Monday, January 1. The ninth-ranked Michigan Wolverines, champions of the Big Ten Conference, defeated the California Golden Bears, champions of the Pacific Coast Conference, 14–6.


1951 Rose Bowl
Michigan fullback Don Dufek scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter and was named the  Player of the Game. With a record of 9–0–1, the Golden Bears were ranked fourth in the nation.


1951 Rose Bowl
It was the Big Ten's fifth consecutive win in the Rose Bowl, and California's third straight loss.


1951 Rose Bowl, Teams, Michigan Wolverines
Michigan upset rival Ohio State 9–3 in the notorious Snow Bowl game, played in 21 inches (53 cm) of snow in Columbus.


1951 Rose Bowl, Teams, California Golden Bears
This was California's third consecutive trip to the Rose Bowl and were slightly favored. Pete Schabarum broke a 77-yard run on the second play of the game, but a backfield-in-motion penalty nullified the score to stop the Cal momentum.


1951 Rose Bowl, Aftermath
After this third consecutive loss by California, the Pacific Coast Conference enacted a "no-repeat" rule, similar to the Big Ten's. Future teams affected were UCLA in 1955 and Oregon State in 1958, and both resulted in wins for the Big Ten. With the PCC's dissoultion in the spring of 1959, the succeeding AAWU (Big Five) abolished that rule, and  Washington won the next two Rose Bowls in 1960 and 1961.


1951 Rose Bowl, Aftermath
Although Minnesota appeared in consecutive Rose Bowls in 1961 and 1962, (both as "at-large" invitations, the latter after champion Ohio State declined), the Big Ten kept its rule until the early 1970s; the last team affected was Michigan State in 1967, when runner-up Purdue edged unranked USC by a point. The first Big Ten team to make a repeat appearance in the 1970s was Ohio State in 1974, the conference's only win in Pasadena that decade.


1951 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1951 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1951 college football season. In their 10th season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensemen compiled a 4–4 record and outscored their opponents 184 to 114.


1951 Ryder Cup
The 9th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 2–4, 1951 at Course No. 2 of the Pinehurst Resort in Pinehurst, North Carolina. The United States team won their fifth consecutive competition by a score of 91⁄2 to 21⁄2 points.


1951 Ryder Cup
The two-day competition was held on Friday and Sunday; Saturday was an off day so that the participants (and spectators) could attend a college football game in Chapel Hill, about 70 miles (110 km) northeast. North Carolina hosted top-ranked Tennessee and the visiting Volunteers won in a rout, 27-0.


1951 Ryder Cup
Course No. 2, designed by Donald Ross, was set at 7,007 yards (6,407 m) for this Ryder Cup. It later hosted the U.S. Open in 1999, 2005, and 2014.


1951 Ryder Cup, Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes.


1951 Ryder Cup, Teams
This was the second and final Ryder Cup for Ben Hogan as a competitor, following 1947. Although he won three majors in 1953, he declined to participate on that year's team. Hogan was a non-playing captain in 1949 and 1967.


1951 Ryder Cup, Teams
In April 1951 the British P.G.A. appointed Arthur Lacey as non-playing captain and chose a selection committee of four which included Lacey and Bill Cox. In late-July eight players were selected: Bousfield, Daly, Faulkner, Hargreaves, Lees, Panton, Rees and Ward. The remaining two places were to be selected after the News of the World Match Play. The final two places were later given to Weetman and Adams, the finalists in the News of the World Match Play.


1951 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches
18 hole scores: Heafner/Burke: 2 up, Ward/Lees: 3 up, Snead/Mangrum: 5 up, Hogan/Demaret: 3 up.


1951 Ryder Cup, Sunday's singles matches
18 hole scores: Burke: 6 up, Rees: 1 up, Heafner: 3 up, Mangrum: 6 up, Lees: 2 up, Hogan: 2 up, Alexander: 5 up, Snead: 4 up.


1951 Ryder Cup, Individual player records
Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player.


1951 SANFL Grand Final
The 1951 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football championship match. Port Adelaide beat North Adelaide 72 to 61.


1951 SANFL season
The 1951 South Australian National Football League season was the 72nd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1951 SCCA National Sports Car Championship
The 1951 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the first season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began May 12, 1951, and ended December 9, 1951, after eight races. John Fitch won the season championship.


1951 SCCA National Sports Car Championship, Season results
Note: Although support races counted towards the season points championship, only feature race overall winners are listed below.


1951 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1951 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament took place March 1–3, 1951 in Louisville, Kentucky at the Jefferson County Armory.


1951 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament
The Vanderbilt Commodores won the tournament championship game by beating the Kentucky Wildcats, 61–57. The Commodores season came to a close after the win, while Kentucky would go on to win the 16-team 1951 NCAA Tournament.


1951 Saga gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held on 30 April 1951 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Incumbent Gen'ichi Okimori lost the election to Naotsugu Nabeshima, who subsequently became his successor.


1951 Saint Lucian general election
General elections were held in Saint Lucia on 12 October 1951. The result was a victory for the Saint Lucia Labour Party, which won five of the eight seats. Voter turnout was 59.1%.


1951 Salad Bowl
The 1951 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Arizona State Sun Devils and the Miami Redskins.


1951 Salad Bowl, Background
The Sun Devils were making their fourth bowl appearance in 11 years, and 2nd straight Salad Bowl after a 2nd place finish in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association Miami was making their second bowl appearance in three years after being champion of the Mid-American Conference.


1951 Salad Bowl, Game summary
A fierce Miami defense held Arizona State All-American Wilford White to 106 yards rushing as for the fourth time the visiting team won the Salad Bowl. White was held to his second-lowest rushing total of the season, though he did rush for one touchdown and also caught a touchdown. But Miami had a 21–7 halftime lead, as the Sun Devils could only muster 14 points to Miami's 13 in the second half. A balanced offensive attack led the way for Miami, who became the third straight visiting team to win the Salad Bowl. John Pont got the scoring started with a touchdown run in the first quarter. Jim Bailey had 108 yards rushing and two touchdowns while quarterback Nobby Wirkowski completed 16 of 24 passes for 231 yards and one touchdown.


1951 Salad Bowl, Aftermath
The Redskins (later renamed the RedHawks) would wait 11 years to play in another bowl game. The Sun Devils would wait longer, until 1970. Doherty left the Sun Devils after the game, citing job security. Hayes also left, for Ohio State.


1951 Sammarinese general election
General elections were held in San Marino on 16 September 1951. The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party emerged as the largest single party, winning 26 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council. However, the Committee of Freedom alliance held a majority of 31 seats.


1951 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system
Voters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old.


1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1951 college football season.


1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team
San Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by fifth-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season undefeated, with ten wins, no losses and one tie (10–0–1, 4–0 CCAA). Overall, the team was dominant in nearly every game, outscoring its opponents 386–133 for the season.


1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team
At the end of the regular season, the Aztecs were invited to the Pineapple Bowl in Hawaii. On January 1, 1952, they defeated the Hawaii Rainbows, 34–13.


1951 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL
The following San Diego State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.


1951 San Diego mayoral election
The 1951 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 17, 1951 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent mayor Harley E. Knox did not stand for reelection. In the primary election, Gerald C. Crary and John D. Butler received the most votes and advanced to a runoff election. Butler was then elected mayor with a majority of the votes in the runoff.


1951 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
Incumbent Mayor Harley E. Knox chose not stand for reelection on the advice of his physician. On March 13, 1951, Gerald C. Crary came first in the primary election with 33.5 percent of the vote, followed by John D. Butler with 25.9 percent. Because no candidate received a majority of the vote, Crary and Butler advanced to a runoff election. On April 17, 1951, Butler received 59.6 percent of the vote in the runoff and was elected to the office of the mayor. Butler was the youngest mayor to have been elected as well as the first to be born in San Diego.


1951 San Francisco 49ers season
The 1951 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 2nd season in the National Football League and their 6th overall. The team was coming off a 3–9 record in 1950.


1951 San Francisco 49ers season
The 49ers would win their first ever NFL road game on October 14 against the Pittsburgh Steelers, after losing their first 7 in the league. The Niners would be in playoff contention all year long, finishing 7–4–1, just a half game out of first place in the National Conference. Their biggest win of the season was a 44–17 victory over their California rivals, the Los Angeles Rams.


1951 San Francisco 49ers season
Frankie Albert and Y. A. Tittle would split time at quarterback, with Albert throwing for 1,116 yards, while Tittle would lead the club with 8 TD's and completing 55.3% of his passes. Joe Perry would once again lead the team in rushing with 677 yards and 3 TD's, and wide receiver Gordie Soltau would lead the club with 59 catches for 826 yards and 7 TD's.


1951 San Francisco 49ers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1951 San Francisco Dons football team
The 1951 San Francisco Dons football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Joe Kuharich, the Dons compiled a 9–0 record, outscored opponents by a total of 338 to 86, and were ranked No. 14 in the final AP Poll.


1951 San Francisco Dons football team
Four players from the team went on to successful careers in the National Football League: Gino Marchetti, Ollie Matson, Bob St. Clair, and Red Stephens. The Dons were invited to play in the 1952 Orange Bowl on the condition that the team's African-American stars Matson and Burl Toler would not play. The Dons refused the offer. The 1951 Dons, and their fight for racial equality, were the subject of the 2014 documentary '51 Dons.


1951 San Francisco Dons football team
Two days after the final game of the 1951 season, the University of San Francisco disbanded its football program.


1951 San Francisco State Gators football team
The 1951 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1951 college football season.


1951 San Francisco State Gators football team
San Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by second-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2, 2–0 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 246–167.


1951 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL
No San Francisco State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.


1951 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL
The following finished their college career in 1951, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1951 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 1951 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1951 college football season.


1951 San Jose State Spartans football team
San Jose State played as an Independent in 1951. The team was led by second-year head coach Bob Bronzan and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2–7–1). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 106–222 for the season.


1951 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL
No San Jose State players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.


1951 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL
The following finished their San Jose State career in 1951, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1951 San Remo Grand Prix
The 1951 San Remo Grand Prix was a non-Championship Formula One motor race held on 22 April 1951 at the Autodromo di Ospedaletti, in San Remo, Liguria, Italy. It was the fourth race of the 1951 Formula One season. The 90-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Alberto Ascari, starting from pole position. Dorino Serafini finished second in a Ferrari and Rudi Fischer third, also in a Ferrari. All cars were 1.5-litre s/c F1 or 4.5-litre F1† unless noted (F2). During practice, Claes crashed his Talbot after a brake pipe broke – and several spectators were killed.


1951 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The 1951 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1951 college football season.


1951 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
Santa Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by third-year head coach Roy Engle and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and four losses (5–4, 1–3 CCAA).


1951 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1952 NFL Draft.


1951 Santa Clara Broncos football team
The 1951 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University during the 1951 college football season. In their second season under head coach Richard F. Gallagher, the Broncos compiled a 3–5–1 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 234 to 140.


1951 Santos FC season
The 1951 season was the fortieth season for Santos FC.


1951 Scottish Grand Prix
The 1951 Scottish Grand Prix was a 50 lap 100-mile (160 km) motor race held on 21 July 1951 at Winfield Airfield (disused) in Berwickshire. Although run to Formula One regulations, the race featured Jaguar XK120s and BMW 328s. Reg Parnell's BRM broke a drive shaft as he left the start line and the race, over 100 miles, was led briefly by Archie Butterworth's 4WD A.J.B. before David Murray took over with a Maserati 4CLT. Joe Kelly's Alta challenged but retired. Murray retired with fuel pump problems and Philip Fotheringham-Parker took the lead in Duncan Hamilton's Maserati 4CL, chased home by Gillie Tyrer's BMW 328. Ian Stewart was third in an XK120.


1951 Scottish League Cup Final
The 1951 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 27 October 1951, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the sixth Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Rangers. Dundee won the match 3–2, thanks to goals by Alf Boyd, Bobby Flavell and Johnny Pattillo.


1951 Segunda División Peruana
The 1951 Segunda División Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Association Chorrillos was promoted to the Primera División Peruana 1952.


1951 Seychellois parliamentary election, Electoral system
The right to vote was granted to all citizens over the age of 21 who could write their name, paid income tax on an annual income of SR 3,000 or more, and could prove that they had lived in the Seychelles for at least a year. Only around 10% of the population were able to register.


1951 Seychellois parliamentary election, Results
All the seats were won by independents and members of the Seychelles Taxpayers and Producers Association, who primarily represented the interests of large landowners.


1951 Sicilian regional election
The Sicilian regional election of 1951 took place on 3 June 1951 to select the Second Sicilian Parliament.


1951 Sicilian regional election
Christian Democracy resulted narrowly ahead of the alliance between the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party. After the election Franco Restivo, the incumbent Christian Democratic President, formed a government that included the Monarchist National Party and the Autonomist Independentist Liberal Sicilian Union, a spin-off of declined Sicilian independentists.


1951 Sierra Leonean general election
General elections were held in Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate in November 1951.


1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Electoral system
The 1947 constitution expanded the Legislative Council to 35 members, of which seven were government officials, seven were appointed Europeans, fourteen were Africans indirectly elected from the Protectorate (ten from District Councils and two from the Protectorate Assembly) and seven were Africans directly elected from the Colony. Around 5,000 people were registered to vote.


1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Campaign
Only five of the seven directly-elected constituencies were contested, with candidates running unopposed in two of the rural constituencies.


1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Results
The National Council (NCSL) won three of the seven elected seats, and the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) two. However, the SLPP gained the support of the indirectly elected protectorate representatives.


1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Results
A total of 3,276 votes were cast; 2,438 in the three Freetown constituencies and 838 (550 and 288) in the two contested rural constituencies.


1951 Sierra Leonean general election, Aftermath
The SLPP's Milton Margai was appointed Chief Minister in 1953.


1951 Singapore City Council election
Elections to Singapore City Council were held for the first time on 1 December 1951 to elect six of the council's 18 members.


1951 Singaporean general election
General elections were held in Singapore on 10 April 1951 to elect nine seats in the Legislative Council, up from six seats in the 1948 elections. A 32-day-long campaign period was scheduled, with nomination day on 8 March 1951. The result was a victory for the Progressive Party, which won six of the nine seats.


1951 Singaporean general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Council was increased from 22 to 25 members, with the number of elected seats increased from six to nine. Three seats were nominated by the three commercial organisations (the Singapore Chamber of Commerce, Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Indian Chamber of Commerce), whilst the British colonial government appointed the remaining 13 seats, which were given to the Governor, Colonial Secretary, Financial Secretary, Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, two Directors, two ex officio Commissioners and four non-officio ones. One of the four non-officio members, only one woman was appointed, war heroine Elizabeth Choy, who ran unsuccessfully in the 1950 Municipal Commission elections.


1951 Singaporean general election, Electoral system
The British government approved the suggestion by political parties to create six constituencies within the city according to municipal districts, including Balestier (North), Keppel (South), Katong (East) and Tanglin (West), while the rural area was divided into three instead of two. The joint districts were scrapped. Voting was again not compulsory and the franchise restricted.


1951 Singaporean general election, Campaign
The Progressive Party's main political opponent at the municipal level, the Labour Party, entered the legislative fray. Well-known Malay politician Mansoor bin Adabi, husband of Maria Bertha Hertogh (also known as Natra binte Maarof), the young Dutch woman whose parentage controversy sparked a racial riot in Singapore the previous year, planned to contest Bukit Timah under the PP banner but withdrew his nomination at the final minute for unknown reasons. The campaign manager for PP vice-chairman John Laycock was Lee Kuan Yew, a legal assistant in the former's law firm who would form the People's Action Party in 1954.


1951 Singaporean general election, Campaign
Out of 48,155 registered voters, only 52% voted. There had been boycott calls and the city was still suffering from the after-effects of the Maria Hertogh riots four months before the elections.


1951 Singaporean general election, Campaign
The elections saw the first electoral contest for the reserved seat for the Indian Chamber of Commerce.


1951 Singaporean general election, Results
Voter turnout was significantly lower than in the previous elections of 1948, falling to 52.05%, 11 percentage points lower than the 1948 elections. Voter turnout was highest in Seletar at 69% while City saw the lowest voter turnout at just 44%, while three other constituencies also had turnouts lower than 50%, the first time in Singapore's electoral history that voter turnout had been below 50%.


1951 Singaporean general election, Results
Vilasini Menon became the first woman elected to the Legislative Council, winning the Seletar constituency as an independent. Progressive Party leader Tan Chye Cheng was the best performing candidate, receiving 80% of the vote in Tanglin while independent candidate Mizra Abdul Majid was the worst performing candidate by polling just 4% in City and being the only candidate to lose their $500 deposit. In absolute numbers, Labour Party leader Lim Yew Hock received the highest number of votes (2,369) in Keppel while Labour Party candidate Thomas Davies Richards of Tanglin was the worst performing candidate with just 351 votes.


1951 Singaporean general election, Results
In terms of vote margin, the Labour Party's candidate Caralapati Raghaviah Dasaratha Raj won with the narrowest margin of 6.56% while PP leader Tan Chye Cheng won with the biggest margin of 60.27%.


1951 Singaporean general election, Results
By winning six of the nine constituency seats, the Progressive Party became the first and only party to win a two-thirds majority prior to 1959 and the only party other than the People's Action Party to do so.


1951 Slovenian Republic League
The 1951 season was the 28th season of the Slovenian Republic League and the sixth in the SFR Yugoslavia. Korotan Kranj have defended the league title from the previous season.


1951 Soccer Bowl
The 2nd Soccer Bowl the second edition of the Soccer Bowl, and a post-season college soccer championship game between the Penn State Nittany Lions and the Purdue Boilermakers on January 1, 1951, at the Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, Missouri. The match ended in a 3–1 victory with Penn State claiming their second Soccer Bowl, and their 11th claimed national men's soccer championship. The game was used to determine the champion of the 1950 ISFA season, which predated the NCAA as the premier organizing body of collegiate soccer, and represented the concluding game of the season for both teams.


1951 Soccer Bowl
The match originally was going to feature Penn State playing the South Florida Bulls club soccer team in the final, but the Bulls were unable to make the trip to St. Louis, causing Purdue to serve as an alternate.


1951 Soccer Bowl, Background
Historically, Penn State had been heralded as one of the top college soccer programs in the United States from the late 1920s into the late 1940s. From 1926 until 1950 head coach Bill Jeffrey had the Penn State program accumulate a record of 138–20–24.


1951 Soccer Bowl, Background
Unlike Penn State, Purdue's men's soccer team was not a varsity team sponsored by the university, but a club team sponsored by the Purdue University students. Since at the time the NCAA did not sanction the sport, the ISFA permitted varsity and club teams to compete against each other.


1951 Soccer Bowl, The match
The match was kicked off at 2:45 p.m. Central Time as part of a triple-header of soccer matches held at Sportsman's Park. The opening matches featured local high school soccer programs in the St. Louis metro area. At noon St. Joseph's Home took on St. Edwards for the C.Y.C. Parochial title. At 1:15 p.m., Kendrick Prep Seminary School took on DeAndreis for the championship game of the Christmas Week High School Tournament.


1951 Soccer Bowl, The match
The weather for the match was fair with temperatures around 47 °F (8 °C) at the time of kick off, dropping to 44 °F (7 °C) by the conclusion of the match. The humidity was around 82% and winds came from the South at 16 miles per hour.


1951 Soccer Bowl, The match
The match was played in four, 22-minute quarters as opposed to 45-minute halves, as at the time it was the standard U.S.S.F.A rules in an attempt to "Americanize" the game. Pete Garcia was the center referee, while Justin Keenoy was an assist referee.


1951 Soccer Bowl, Legacy
The Soccer Bowl championship gave Penn State their second ever Soccer Bowl, and their 11th claimed National championship. Despite the title, the ISFA claimed West Chester the national champions concluding the season given their undefeated 8–0–0 record, in which one of their victories was against Penn State, which drew ire from Penn State and South Florida's programs. Despite this recognition by the ISFA, it is not recognized as a national title by the NCAA, although both South Florida, Penn State, and West Chester declare themselves national champions, which is a claim recognized by the American Soccer History Archives.


1951 South American Rugby Championship
The 1951 South American Rugby Championship was the first edition of the two tiered competition of the leading national Rugby Union teams in South America.


1951 South American Rugby Championship
The tournament was arranged by the "River Plate Rugby Union" (currently "Argentine Rugby Union"). In February 1951 a match was organized in Buenos Aires, the first edition of Pan American Games, but it was not possible to arrange a tournament of rugby for those games, so a "Torneo Internacional" was arranged in September. Initially this competition was called Torneo Internacional ABCU using the initials of the countries participating


1951 South American Rugby Championship
After the 1958 edition, this tournament was recognized as the first edition of the competition.


1951 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1951 South Carolina Gamecocks football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their eleventh season under head coach Rex Enright, South Carolina compiled a 5–4 record.


1951 South Dakota Coyotes football team
The 1951 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1951 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 7–1 record (6–0 against NCC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 218 to 107. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.


1951 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team
The 1951 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1951 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 8–1–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 311 to 105.


1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season
The 1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season was the 44th in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season as repeat premiers.


1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Records
Many notable club and NSWRL/NRL records were set in the 1951 season.


1951 South Sydney Rabbitohs season, Records, NSWRL/NRL records
28 tries by John Graves at the time, tied Bobby Lulham (1947) for second (behind Dave Brown (1935) with 38). As of 2021, ranks as the 5th highest try total by a player in a season (tied with Tom Trbojevic - 2021 and Lulham - 1947).


1951 Southern 500
The 1951 Southern 500, the second running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series  event that was held on September 3, 1951, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. The winner of the race was Herb Thomas.


1951 Southern 500, Background
Darlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as "The Lady in Black" or "The Track Too Tough to Tame" and advertised as a "NASCAR Tradition", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.


1951 Southern 500, Background
The track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198 km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.


1951 Southern 500, Background
Darlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.


1951 Southern 500, Background
Darlington is also known as "The Track Too Tough to Tame" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their "Darlington Stripe" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.


1951 Southern 500, Summary
In qualifying, Frank Mundy would win the pole with a speed of 84.173 miles per hour (135.463 km/h). He was followed by Herb Thomas, Jesse James Taylor, Fonty Flock, and Hershel McGriff. 82 cars would start the race, a NASCAR record to this day.


1951 Southern 500, Summary
Four hundred laps were done on a paved oval track spanning 1.250 miles (2.012 km) for a grand total of 500.0 miles (804.7 km). The race lasted for six hours and thirty minutes. Herb Thomas led the first six laps, before Jesse James Taylor took the lead, holding it for the next 7 laps. Pole-sitter Frank Mundy dropped out with oil pressure problems 12 laps in, finishing dead last. Marshall Teague, who passed 46 cars in 13 laps, inherited the lead on lap 13.


1951 Southern 500, Summary
After Curtis Turner took the lead on lap 52, Herb Thomas would grab the lead back from Turner on lap 95,  leading the rest of the race to defeat Jesse James Taylor by more than one lap, in front of forty thousand people. Buddy Shuman would finish third, eight laps down, while Hershel McGriff and Fireball Roberts made up the top five. Turner would drop out of the race with a blown engine 272 laps in.


1951 Southern 500, Summary
This race demonstrates how the NASCAR Cup Series has changed over the years. If a driver started in 36th place during the early-1950s, they were 46 spots ahead of last place. If a driver started in 36th place in a 21st century NASCAR race, they become probably a backmarker and are profoundly unlikely to win the race or even finish in a respectable top-ten finish.


1951 Southern 500, Summary
Oliver Dial, Frank Gise, Rudy Hires, Sandy Lynch, Fred Moore, Bob Pronger, Gwyn Staley, Billy Tibbett, and Herb Trimble would make their respective professional stock car racing starts in this event. Notable crew chiefs for this race were Smokey Yunick, Buckshot Morris, and Doug Meeks.


1951 Southern 500, Summary
This race would be Red Byron's final race in NASCAR. Total winnings for this race were $23,740 ($233,839 when adjusted for inflation). As it was with all races during this era, there was no televised coverage of this racing event.


1951 Southern 500, Summary, Qualifying
Note: Qualifying was an eight-lap run; the fastest lap time was actually 53.4 seconds while the slowest lap time was 54.6 seconds.


1951 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament
The 1951 Southern Conference Baseball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina from May 20 and 21. The South Division's second seed Duke won the tournament, the first of three tournament titles prior to the Atlantic Coast Conference creation for the 1954 season.


1951 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1951 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 6–8, 1951 at the Reynolds Coliseum in Raleigh, North Carolina. The North Carolina State Wolfpack, led by head coach Everett Case, won their sixth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1951 NCAA Tournament.


1951 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The top eight finishers of the conference's seventeen members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.


1951 Southern Illinois Salukis football team
The 1951 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1951 college football season. Under second-year head coach Bill Waller, the team compiled a 0–9 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.


1951 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team
The 1951 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their first year under head coach Raymond Didier, the team compiled a 6–4 record.


1951 Soviet Class B
Following are the results of the 1951 Soviet First League football championship. FC MVO Moscow winning the championship.


1951 Soviet Class B, Relegation play-off
To the play-off qualified the champion of the 1951 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR and the worst Ukrainian team of masters of the 1951 Soviet Class B.


1951 Soviet Cup
The 1951 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.


1951 Soviet Top League
Following are the results of the 1951 Soviet Top League football championship. Fifteen teams took part, with CDSA Moscow winning the championship.


1951 Soviet Union regional elections
On 18 February 1951, elections were held for the Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Union's constituent republics.


1951 Soviet Union regional elections
According to Soviet law, 3,778,000 out of an eligible adult voting population of 113,050,000 were disenfranchised for various reasons.


1951 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1951 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 28 October 1951 at Pedralbes Circuit. It was the eighth and final race of the 1951 World Championship of Drivers.


1951 Spanish Grand Prix
This race was determined by tyre choice – Ferrari chose a 16 inch rear wheel, whilst Alfa Romeo settled for the 18 inch, which proved to be the better of the two options. Juan Manuel Fangio led Alberto Ascari by two points before the race. Ascari led the race from José Froilán González, but the Ferraris suffered numerous tread problems. Piero Taruffi threw a tyre tread on lap 6 and was followed on lap 7 by Luigi Villoresi, Ascari on lap 8 and Gonzalez on lap 14.


1951 Spanish Grand Prix
The Ferraris were forced to stop frequently to change tyres and Fangio comfortably won the race and his first drivers' title, after Ascari finished 4th was not able to overhaul Fangio's total. After the race, Alfa Romeo announced that due to lack of finances, they would not be competing in the 1952 season.


1951 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1951 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 8 April 1951 at the Montjuïc circuit.


1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 1951 election of the Speaker of the  House of Commons  occurred on 31 October 1951, following the 1951 general election and the retirement of the previous Speaker Col Douglas Clifton Brown. The election resulted in the election of Conservative MP William Morrison. This was one of the few Speaker elections held in the 20th century in which there was more than one nominee (the others including 1971 and 1992), and the first contested election of Speaker since 10 April 1895.


1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election
The election was conducted by means of a conventional parliamentary motion, originally to elect Morrison. He was proposed by Sir Hugh O'Neill and seconded by Sir Ralph Glyn.


1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election
Samuel Viant then moved an amendment to the original motion to elect Major James Milner, who was then seconded by David Logan.


1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Election
Both Morrison and Milner then gave their speeches of submission to the will of the House.


1951 Speaker of the British House of Commons election, Results
MPs voted on the motion that Morrison take the Chair as Speaker, which was approved by 318 votes to 251. Morrison was then conducted to the Chair by O'Neill and Glyn.


1951 Speedway National League
The 1951 National League Division One was the 17th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the sixth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.


1951 Speedway National League, Summary
The entrants were the same as the previous season as were the top three positions at the end of the season. Wembley Lions won the National League for the sixth time.


1951 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Three
The 1951 National Trophy was the 14th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Wimbledon won the third and final stage and were therefore declared the 1951 National Trophy champions.


1951 Speedway National League Division Three
The 1951 National League Division Three was the fifth and final season of British speedway's National League Division Three


1951 Speedway National League Division Three
The league remained with 10 teams but there were changes. Oxford Cheetahs, Leicester Hunters and Liverpool Chads had all moved up to Division Two whilst Tamworth Tammies dropped out. Plymouth Devils dropped down from Division Two. The three new sides were Cardiff Dragons, Long Eaton Archers and Wolverhampton Wasps.


1951 Speedway National League Division Three, National Trophy Stage Three
The 1951 National Trophy was the 14th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Exeter won stage one and therefore qualified for stage two.


1951 Speedway National League Division Two
The 1951 National League Division Two was the sixth post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.


1951 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary
The League was extended again with 18 teams starting the season. New entrants were Motherwell Eagles and there were again three teams promoted from Division Three - the champions Oxford Cheetahs, third place finishers Leicester Hunters and Liverpool Chads (despite finishing 8th). Plymouth Devils moved back down in the opposite direction.


1951 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary
Norwich Stars retained their title. However after the season had finished a fourth rider in five years was killed at their Firs Stadium. 21-year-old Bob Howes died after hitting the fence during a training practice race on 10 November 1951.


1951 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary
Southampton Saints and Sheffield Tars resigned in mid-season and their records were expunged.


1951 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy Stage Two
The 1951 National Trophy was the 14th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of three stages; stage one was for the third division clubs, stage two was for the second division clubs and stage three was for the top tier clubs. The winner of stage one would qualify for stage two and the winner of stage two would qualify for the third and final stage. Norwich won stage two and therefore qualified for stage three.


1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team
The 1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team represented Springfield College in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Archie Allen in his 4th year at Springfield.


1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team
The Maroons won the District I playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Tennessee Volunteers.


1951 Springfield Maroons baseball team
During the Maroon's June 14th game against the Oklahoma Sooners, they drew a CWS record 15 walks off one just a single pitcher, James Waldrip. Springfield also set a 9-inning CWS record with 17 stranded baserunners.


1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team
The 1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team, sometimes also referred to as the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians, was an American football team that represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Joe Bach, the team compiled a 5–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 218 to 175. The team played its home games at Forness Stadium in Olean, New York.


1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team
Quarterback Ted Marchibroda led the team on offense. In nine games, Marchibroda completed 72 of 170 passes for 1,146 yards and 12 touchdowns. Halfback Jerry Hanifin led the team's rushing attack.


1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team
In December 1951, one month after the season ended, coach Bach left the team to become head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers.


1951 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team
In February 1952, St. Bonaventure announced that it was suspending competition in intercollegiate football. The school's president, Rev. Juvenal Lalor, stated that the decision was prompted by "ever increasing costs in every department and steadily declining income." The decision was part of a trend among Catholic universities in the post-war years to terminate their football programs. The trend included Portland (1949), Saint Louis (1949), Duquesne (1950), Georgetown (1950), Saint Mary's (1950), Loyola of Los Angeles (1951), San Francisco (1951), and Santa Clara (1952).


1951 St. Louis Browns season
The 1951 St. Louis Browns season involved the Browns finishing 8th in the American League with a record of 52 wins, and 102 losses.


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck
Bill Veeck, the majority owner and manager of St. Louis Browns, signed Satchel Paige July 17, 1951, and announced the 45-year-old would start the following night against the Washington Senators. In his first game back in the major leagues since 1949, Paige pitched six innings of shutout baseball before giving up three runs in the 7th inning. Paige ended the season with a 3–4 record and a 4.79 ERA.


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck
Another of Veeck's promotions included the signing of Eddie Gaedel. Gaedel gained immortality in the second game of a doubleheader on Sunday, August 19. Weighing just 65 pounds (29 kg), and 3 feet 7 inches (1.09 m) tall, he became the shortest player in the history of the major leagues. He stood 3 feet 4 inches (1.02 m) shorter than Jon Rauch, whose height of 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) made him the tallest person to play in a major league game. He had been secretly signed by the Browns and put in uniform (complete with elf slippers & the number "⅛" on the back) as a publicity stunt.


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck
Gaedel popped out of a papier-mache cake between games of a doubleheader to celebrate the American League's 50th anniversary, and as a Falstaff Brewery promotion. Falstaff, and the fans, had been promised a "festival of surprises" by Veeck. Before the second game got underway, the press agreed that the "midget-in-a-cake" appearance had not been up to Veeck's usual promotional standard. Falstaff personnel, who had been promised national publicity for their participation, were particularly dissatisfied. Keeping the surprise he had in store for the second game to himself, Veeck just meekly apologized.


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Bill Veeck
Gaedel entered the game between the Browns and Detroit Tigers in the first inning as a pinch hitter for leadoff batter Frank Saucier. Immediately, umpire Ed Hurley called for Browns manager Zack Taylor. Veeck and Taylor had the foresight to have a copy of Gaedel's contract on hand, as well as a copy of the Browns' active roster, which had room for Gaedel's addition. Tigers pitcher Bob Cain walked him. Jim Delsing pinch ran for Gaedel, but did not score.


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Ned Garver
In 1951, Ned Garver fashioned an outstanding season. Pitching for the Browns, Garver compiled a 20–12 record, which was noteworthy considering the Browns lost 102 games. Garver also posted a 3.73 ERA. Garver's wins accounted for nearly 40 percent of the Browns' 52 total wins. Garver also led the American League in complete games with 24 in 1951, and when he pitched he often batted sixth in the order rather than the customary ninth, compiling a .305 batting average with one home run.


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Regular season, Ned Garver
Garver is the only pitcher in American League history to win 20 or more games for a team which lost 100 or more games in the same season, and the only pitcher in Major League history to do since 1920 or with a winning record.


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1951 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 70th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 60th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 81–73 during the season and finished 3rd in the National League.


1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1951 Stanford Indians football team
The 1951 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1951 college football season. Stanford was led by first-year head coach Chuck Taylor. The team was a member of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.


1951 Stanford Indians football team, Coaching change
The 1950 season had ended in disappointing fashion after high expectations and a fast start. Head coach Marchmont Schwartz had resigned following the season, and to replace him, Stanford hired Chuck Taylor, a former Stanford All-American guard and member of Stanford's undefeated 1940 team which defeated Nebraska in the 1941 Rose Bowl.


1951 Stanford Indians football team, Season summary
Led by the passing attack of senior quarterback Gary Kerkorian and senior end Bill McColl, Stanford ran out to a 9–0 start and took a #3 ranking into the Big Game, where they were 13-point favorites over rival California. Cal upset the Indians 20–7, but as PCC champions, Stanford was invited to the 1952 Rose Bowl against Big Ten champion and 4th-ranked Illinois. The Indians led at halftime 7–6 and trailed only 13–7 to start the fourth quarter, but a 27-point scoring outburst gave the Fighting Illini a convincing 40–7 victory.


1951 Stanford Indians football team, Aftermath
Taylor, at 31 the youngest major college football coach, was named AFCA Coach of the Year, the only time a Stanford coach has received the award. In addition to numerous awards, McColl was a Consensus All-American, finished fourth in the voting for the Heisman Trophy, and would go on to a seven-year professional career with the Chicago Bears. Kerkorian was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers and backed up Johnny Unitas with the Baltimore Colts.


1951 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1951 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Montreal Canadiens. The Maple Leafs won the series 4–1, with all five games going into overtime. It was the Toronto franchise's ninth Stanley Cup win and the last in a series of six wins starting in 1942. It was the first appearance in a string of ten consecutive appearances by the Canadiens.


1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Toronto defeated the Boston Bruins 4–1 to reach the Finals. Montreal defeated the defending champion Detroit Red Wings 4–2 to reach the Finals.


1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Every game went into overtime in this series. Bill Barilko scored the Cup-winning goal, his last goal in the NHL as he would die in a plane crash during the summer.


1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The 1951 Stanley Cup was presented to Maple Leafs captain Ted Kennedy by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Maple Leafs 3–2 overtime win over the Canadiens in game five.


1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The following Maple Leafs players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup


1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Members of Toronto Maple Leafs that won 4 cups in 5 years 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951 dynasty
Bill Barilko, Turk Broda, Ted Kennedy†, Joe Klukay, Howie Meeker, Gus Mortson, Jimmy Thomson, Harry Watson (8 players),


1951 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Members of Toronto Maple Leafs that won 4 cups in 5 years 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951 dynasty
Ed Bickle†, John Bickell†, Conn Smythe†, John Mordoch†, William MacBrien†, Hap Day†, Tim Daly†, George Walker, Ed Finkin, Horance McIntre (10 non-players).


1951 Stanley Cup playoffs
The 1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League (NHL), began with four teams on March 28, 1951. It concluded on April 21, with the Toronto Maple Leafs defeating the Montreal Canadiens to win the Stanley Cup.


1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, Series
The second seed Toronto Maple Leafs eliminated the fourth seed Boston Bruins in five games, and the third seed Montreal Canadiens upset first overall Detroit Red Wings in six, setting up a Leafs – Canadiens Stanley Cup final series, won by the Leafs 4–1.


1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, Player statistics, Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points


1951 Star World Championship
The 1951 Star World Championship was held at Gibson Island, United States in 1951.


1951 Star World Championship, Results
Legend: DNS – Did not start; DSA – Disabled; DSQ – Disqualified; WDR – Withdrew;


1951 Sugar Bowl
The 1951 Sugar Bowl was the 17th Sugar Bowl, played on January 1, 1951, in New Orleans, Louisiana. It matched the Oklahoma Sooners and the Kentucky Wildcats.


1951 Sugar Bowl
Oklahoma (10–0) was the Big Seven champion and was ranked first in both major polls; seventh-ranked Kentucky (10–1) was the Southeastern Conference champion. Oklahoma averaged 34.5 points per game; only one team had scored more than twice in a game against Kentucky that season. Oklahoma entered the New Year's Day game with a 31-game winning streak; the Sooners' previous loss was in September 1948, and they were favored by six to seven points. Kentucky was led by head coach Bear Bryant, and Oklahoma by Bud Wilkinson. Notable players included Oklahoma's Billy Vessels and Kentucky's Charlie McClendon, Babe Parilli, and Wilbur "Shorty" Jamerson. Over 80,000 fans attended the game.


1951 Sugar Bowl
Kentucky fielded three defensive tackles for much of the game, which caused Oklahoma quarterback Claude Arnold to hurry his handoffs and passes. One Wildcat tackle was Bob Gain, winner of the Outland Trophy that season. The third was Walt Yowarsky, who had played less than five minutes on defense during the regular season. Yowarsky recovered a fumble on the Oklahoma 22-yard line, leading to Kentucky's first score: on the next play after Yowarsky's fumble recovery, Kentucky quarterback Babe Parilli threw a touchdown pass to Wilbur Jamerson for a 7–0 lead at the end of the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Wildcats drove 81 yards for a touchdown, a run by Wilbur Jamerson, and led 13–0 at halftime.


1951 Sugar Bowl
In the third quarter, Oklahoma had the ball, first and goal on the Kentucky 3-yard line. The Wildcat defense held on first and second down; on third down Yowarsky tackled the Oklahoma ball carrier for a five-yard loss. On fourth down, the Sooners were stopped and Kentucky took possession.


1951 Sugar Bowl
In the fourth quarter, Yowarsky recovered a fumbled punt. With seven minutes left in the game, Oklahoma quarterback Billy Vessels threw a 17-yard touchdown pass to Merrill Green. Kentucky, however, retained possession of the football for the rest of the game, with the exception of one play, for a 13–7 victory. Yowarsky was named the game's Most Valuable Player.


1951 Summer International University Sports Week
The 1951 Summer International University Sports Week were organised by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) and held in Luxembourg, Luxembourg, between 19 and 26 August.


1951 Sun Bowl
The 1951 Sun Bowl was a college football bowl game that took place in El Paso, Texas, on January 1, 1951, between the West Texas State Buffaloes and the University of Cincinnati Bearcats. This was the 17th Sun Bowl (16th between collegiate teams) that had been played in El Paso, the second oldest bowl game, the only older being the Rose Bowl.


1951 Sun Bowl, Scoring summary
Gene Rossi threw 14-of-29 for 170 yards. The winning touchdown occurred on a fourth down punt. Punter Frank Wise moved under center and took the snap, lateraling to the right to quarterback Gene Mayfield. Mayfield completed a pass to Billy Cross at the Cincinnati 40 and Cross broke several tackles to finish the 62-yard touchdown dash. With the game running out, the Bearcats managed to get to the West Texas A&M 27, but two straight sacks doomed Cincinnati.


1951 Surinamese general election
General elections were held in Surinam on 14 March 1951. The result was a victory for the National Party of Suriname, which won 13 of the 21 seats.


1951 Svenska Cupen
Svenska Cupen 1951 was the eleventh season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 22 July 1951 with the Final, held at Råsunda Stadium, Solna in Stockholms län. Malmö FF won 2-1 against Djurgårdens IF before an attendance of 20,267 spectators.


1951 Svenska Cupen, Second round
The 8 matches in this round were played between 29 June and 1 July 1951.


1951 Svenska Cupen, Quarter-finals
The 4 matches in this round were played on 8 July 1951.


1951 Svenska Cupen, Semi-finals
The semi-finals in this round were played on 15 July 1951.


1951 Svenska Cupen, Final
The final was played on 22 July 1951 at the Råsunda Stadium.


1951 Svenska Cupen Final
The 1951 Svenska Cupen final took place on 22 July 1951 at Råsunda in Solna. It was contested between Allsvenskan sides Malmö FF and Djurgårdens IF. Djurgården played their first cup final ever, Malmö FF played their first final since 1947 and their fifth final in total. Malmö FF won their fourth title with a 2–1 victory.


1951 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship
The 1951 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship was the 28th season of the Swedish Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Sweden. Hammarby IF won the championship. This was the last season of the championship. It was also scheduled for 1952, but it was cancelled.


1951 Swiss Grand Prix
The 1951 Swiss Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 27 May 1951 in Bern. The race was contested over 42 laps of the Bremgarten Circuit with it also being the opening race of the 1951 World Championship of Drivers. The race was the eleventh time that the Swiss Grand Prix was held with all of the races being held at Bremgarten.


1951 Swiss Grand Prix
After claiming pole position for the race, Argentine driver, Juan Manuel Fangio would go on win the race by 55 seconds over Italian driver, Piero Taruffi who drove for Ferrari. Fellow Italian driver, Nino Farina rounded out the podium in the second Alfa Romeo car.


1951 Swiss Grand Prix, Report
The Swiss Grand Prix, the first event of the 1951 World Championship due to the absence of Monaco from the calendar, saw the Alfa Romeo team continue their dominance of the previous season. All four of their drivers occupied positions on the front two rows of the grid; the highest non-Alfa qualifier was Ferrari's Luigi Villoresi, who was alongside Fangio and Farina on the front row.


1951 Swiss Grand Prix, Report
The race took place in the rain, with Fangio initially leading from Farina. Ferrari's Piero Taruffi also challenged for the lead, having started from sixth on the grid. Fangio pitted, handing Nino Farina the lead for the 24th lap of the race. However, Farina's decision not to make a pitstop did not pay off, as Fangio was able to retake the lead on lap 29. Fangio maintained the lead for the remainder of the race, eventually winning by nearly a minute from Taruffi, who had overtaken Farina on the penultimate lap.


1951 Swiss Grand Prix, Report
This was Taruffi's first podium in just his second championship race. The remaining Alfa drivers—Consalvo Sanesi and Toulo de Graffenried—completed the points paying positions, ahead of Ferrari's Alberto Ascari, who competed despite suffering from burns from the previous weekend's Formula 2 race in Genoa. Stirling Moss, driving for HWM, was in seventh, but ran out of fuel on the final lap, therefore yielding the position to Louis Chiron, who was driving a Maserati for Enrico Platé.


1951 Swiss federal election
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 28 October 1951. Although the Social Democratic Party received the most votes, the Free Democratic Party remained the largest party in the National Council, winning 51 of the 196 seats.


1951 Swiss federal election, Results, Council of the States
In several cantons the members of the Council of the States were chosen by the cantonal parliaments.


1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1951 Swiss motorcycle Grand Prix was the second race of the 1951 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 27 May 1951 at the Bremgarten circuit.


1951 Swiss referendums
Four referendums were held in Switzerland during 1951. The first was held on 25 February on a federal resolution on transport, and was rejected by voters. The second was held on 15 April on a popular initiative to ensure purchasing power and full employment, together with a counterproposal. The counterproposal was approved by 69% of voters, whilst the original proposal was rejected by 88% of voters. The fourth referendum was held on 8 July on forcing public enterprises to make a financial contribution to the national defence budget, and was also rejected by voters.


1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the seventh annual running of the "blue water classic" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.


1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
Hosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1951 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1951), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170 km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.


1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 14 competitors. Margaret Rintoul, skippered by AW Edwards won line honours in a new record time of 4 days, 2 hours and 29 minutes, giving both the vessel and skipper back-to-back victories. Struen Marie, skippered by T Williamson was awarded handicap honours on adjusted time.


1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1951 fleet
14 yachts registered to begin the 1951 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race.


1951 Sylvania Television Awards
The 1951 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on November 8, 1951, at the Hotel Pierre in New York City. The awards were established earlier in 1951 by Sylvania Electric Products. Deems Taylor was the chairman of the judges committee.


1951 Sylvania Television Awards
The panel of 17 judges presented 12 awards as follows:


1951 Sylvania Television Awards
The "grand award" was not awarded, as the committee found no program that measured up to its concept of "truly outstanding entertainment."


1951 Syracuse Grand Prix
The 1951 Syracuse Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held in Syracuse, Sicily on 11 March 1951.


1951 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1951 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1951 college football season. The Orangemen were led by third-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the season with a 5–4 record and were not invited to a bowl game.


1951 São Paulo FC season
The 1951 football season was São Paulo's 22nd season since club's existence.


1951 TANFL season
The 1951 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 14 April and 6 October 1951.


1951 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final
Note: Buckingham affiliated to New Town, North West affiliated to North Hobart.


1951 TANFL season, 1951 TANFL Ladder, Round 13
Note: Round postponed on 11 August due to inclement weather and poor ground conditions.


1951 TANFL season, 1951 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final
Source: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury publication.


1951 TCU Horned Frogs football team
The 1951 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1951 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 6–5 overall and 5–1 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Dutch Meyer in his eighteenth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to Kentucky by a score of 7–20.


1951 Tampa Spartans football team
The 1951 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1951 college football season. It was the Spartans' 15th season. The team was led by head coach Frank Sinkwich, in his second year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of seven wins, three losses and one tie (7–3–1).


1951 Tampa Spartans football team
A week after they opened the season with a 72–0 victory over Patrick Air Force Base at home, the Spartans lost their first road game of the season at Bradley 32–6. The next Friday, Tampa lost their second consecutive game on the road. This time, Wofford overcame a 14–7 halftime deficit with a pair of third-quarter touchdowns in their 21–14 victory in Spartanburg. The Spartans then returned home and won games over Jacksonville State and Lenoir–Rhyne before they played Stetson to a 14–14 tie at DeLand after Tampa blocked a last-second field goal attempt by the Hatters.


1951 Tampa Spartans football team
After a road loss at Appalachian State and a pair of road victories at Livingston State and South Georgia College, the Spartans returned home and played Florida State in the final home game of the season. Against the Seminoles, Tampa won in a 14–6 upset at Phillips Field before 12,500 fans.


1951 Tampa Spartans football team
In mid-November, Tampa accepted an invitation to compete in their first postseason game against Brandeis in the first Brandeis Classic at Miami Beach. Against the Judges, the Spartans won 7–0 after they scored their only points on an 18-yard John Lahosky touchdown pass to H. L. Hiers on their opening drive. In February 1952, Sinkwich resigned as head coach of the Spartans after only two seasons and entered private business.


1951 Tangerine Bowl
The 1951 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played following the 1950 season, on January 1, 1951, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game featured the Emory and Henry Wasps and the Morris Harvey Golden Eagles (now the Charleston Golden Eagles).


1951 Tangerine Bowl, Background
The Wasps were champions of the Smoky Mountain Conference and entered the game with a record of 9–1, including a victory over the Appalachian State Mountaineers in the Burley Bowl played on Thanksgiving Day (November 23, 1950) in Johnson City, Tennessee. The Golden Eagles came into the game with a record of 9–0.


1951 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary
The only scoring in the first quarter was a touchdown by Emory and Henry, giving them a 7–0 lead. In the second quarter, Morris Harvey answered with two touchdowns, and had a 14–7 lead at halftime. Each team equaled their first-half scoring during the third quarter, to see Morris Harvey take a 28–14 lead. In the fourth quarter, Morris Harvey added one more touchdown, giving them a 35–14 victory. Morris Harvey quarterback Pete Anania threw four touchdown passes; three of them were caught by end Charles Hubbard. Anania and Hubbard were named the game's outstanding back and lineman, respectively.


1951 Taça de Portugal Final
The 1951 Taça de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1950–51 Taça de Portugal, the 11th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 10 June 1951 at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Académica and Benfica. Benfica defeated Académica 5–1 to claim their fifth Taça de Portugal.


1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship
1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the fourth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.


1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules
In First League, matches were played with part two teams, without it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of 6 drivers plus 2 reserves. The score of heat: 3–2–1–0. Mecz consisted with 9 heats. For winning a game a team received 2 points, lost – 0 points. The drivers from a main squad started in a match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.


1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules
Before the season the Main Commission of Physical Education (Polish: Główna Komisja Kultury Fizycznej, GKKF) and Sport' Commission of Polish Motor Union established that to create the Speedway League it drew from 10 teams:


1951 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules
On 23 April 1951 in Rzeszów Police' Speedway Clubs played Race-Off. Gwardia Bydgoszcz won and qualified to the league. In this event  Gwardia Poznań and Gwardia Rzeszow played.


1951 Temple Owls football team
The 1951 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In its third season under head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 6–4 record and was outscored by a total of 176 to 168. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.


1951 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team
The 1951 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1951 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled an 8–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 203 to 93. The Dickinson System rated Tennessee A&I as the No. 3 black college football team for 1951 with a score of 23.71, behind only Florida A&M (24.71) and Morris Brown (24.43). The team played its home games in Nashville, Tennessee.


1951 Tennessee Volunteers baseball team
The 1951 Tennessee Volunteers baseball team represented the University of Tennessee Volunteers in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Volunteers played their home games at Lower Hudson Field. The team was coached by S. W. Anderson in his 4th season at Tennessee.


1951 Tennessee Volunteers baseball team
The Volunteers finished second in the College World Series, defeated by the Oklahoma Sooners in the championship game.


1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 1951 college football season. In his next to last season as head coach, Robert Neyland led the Vols to their second consecutive national title and the fourth during his tenure. The 1951 title was also the first undisputed, at the time, national title in school history. Maryland has since been retroactively credited with the 1951 national championship by several selectors, including analyst Jeff Sagarin, as they went undefeated that year and beat Tennessee in the Sugar Bowl.


1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team
At the time, the AP awarded the title before the bowl games were played. 1951 was also Neyland's ninth undefeated regular season in his career. The 1950 Tennessee team had gone 11–1, winning its last nine games and capping the season off with a victory over Texas in the Cotton Bowl. In 1951, The Vols put together a 10–0 regular season and were voted national champs by the AP Poll before the bowl season began, as was the convention at the time. In addition to AP, Tennessee was named national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors Litkenhous, United Press International (coaches poll), and Williamson, leading to a consensus national champion designation.


1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The game against Alabama on the Third Saturday in October that season was the first ever nationally televised game for both teams. The Vols were a dominant team in the regular season, winning their first nine games by a combined score of 338 to 61 before thwarting a spirited effort by in-state rival Vanderbilt in the last game of the regular season, 35–27.


1951 Tennessee Volunteers football team, Prominent players
The 1951 Tennessee Volunteers featured Hank Lauricella, that season's Heisman Trophy runner up, and Doug Atkins, a future member of both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame. James Haslam Jr., a future business and civic leader in Knoxville, was a captain on the 1952 team, and a prominent member of the 1951 squad. The team featured six all-conference players: Lauricella, Atkins, Ted Daffer, John Michaels, Bill Pearman, and Bert Rechichar. Laricella, Daffer, and Pearman were also named All-Americans following the year.


1951 Texas A&M Aggies baseball team
The 1951 Texas A&M Aggies baseball team represented Texas A&M University in the 1951 NCAA baseball season. The Aggies played their home games at Kyle Baseball Field. The team was coached by Beau Bell in his 1st year at Texas A&M.


1951 Texas A&M Aggies baseball team
The Aggies won the District VI playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Utah Redskins.


1951 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1951 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1951 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Raymond George in his first season and finished with a record of five wins, three losses and two ties (5–3–2 overall, 1–3–2 in the SWC).


1951 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1951 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas in the 1951 college football season. The November 10 win by the Baylor Bears would be their last victory in Austin until November 25, 1989.


1951 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 1951 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1951 college football season.


1951 Texas Western Miners football team
The 1951 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1951 college football season. In its second season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled a 3–7 record (2–4 against Border Conference opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 241 to 152.


1951 The Citadel Bulldogs football team
The 1951 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1951 college football season. J. Quinn Decker served as head coach for the sixth season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.


1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
The 1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887. The championship began on 7 October 1951 and ended on 4 November 1951.


1951 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship
On 4 November 1951, Holycross-Ballycahill won the championship after a 5-15 to 1-04 defeat of Clonoulty in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1948.


1951 Titleholders Championship
The 1951 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 15–18 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 12th edition of the Titleholders Championship.


1951 Toledo Rockets football team
The 1951 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University during the 1951 college football season. In their first season under head coaches Don Greenwood (games 1–7) and Clair Dunn (games 8–10), the Rockets compiled a 6–4 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 260 to 178.


1951 Toledo Rockets football team
The team's statistical leaders (through nine games) included Steve Piskach with 493 passing yards and A. C. Jenkins with 899 rushing yards.


1951 Tongan general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Assembly had seven directly-elected members; three representing Tongatapu and nearby islands, two representing Haʻapai and two representing Vavaʻu and nearby islands.. A further seven members were elected by the nobility based on the same constituencies, seven ministers (including the governors of Haʻapai and Vavaʻu) and a Speaker chosen by the monarch, Sālote Tupou III.


1951 Tongan general election, Results
Elected members included the commoners Molitoni Finau and Sekonaia Tu'akoi and the noble Semisi Fonua from Tongatapu.


1951 Torneo di Viareggio
The 1951 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.


1951 Torneo di Viareggio, Format
The four foreign teams have been spared the initiali knockout round and started directly in the Round of 8. All game were single tie.


1951 Toronto Argonauts season
The 1951 Toronto Argonauts finished in third place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 7–5 record and appeared in the IRFU Semi-Final.


1951 Toronto Argonauts season, Preseason
The Argos played a preseason game in Buffalo, New York.


1951 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 3, 1951. Allan Lamport defeated incumbent Hiram E. McCallum in the mayoral election.


1951 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor
Lamport had challenged McCallum the previous year but had lost by a narrow margin. McCallum had originally planned on retiring and being succeeded by Controller John Innes, but Innes died unexpectedly during the year. The 1951 also saw an attempt at the mayoralty by alderman Nathan Phillips, who finished a distant third. In Phillips' autobiography he states that he expected fellow Conservative McCallum to retire, but that their both running split to vote and allowed Lamport to become the first Liberal elected to run the city since 1909. Lamport ran under the slogan "Toronto needs a fighting mayor."


1951 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control
The only new arrival on the Board of Control was Ford Brand, secretary of the Toronto and District Labour Council. John Innes had died in office and his replacement Alfred Cowling decided to contest the 1951 Provincial Election. Former Controller and avowed Communist Stewart Smith made another attempt to return to the board, but finished a distant fifth.


1951 Toronto municipal election, City council
Results taken from the December 4, 1951 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.


1951 Toronto municipal election, Changes
Ward 7 Alderman David Sanderson died on March 25, 1952; John Kucherepa was appointed Alderman on March 31.


1951 Tour de France
The 1951 Tour de France was the 38th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 4 to 29 July. It consisted of 24 stages over 4,690 km (2,914 mi). The race started outside Île-de-France for the first time since 1926; a change that remained permanent beyond 1951 with the exceptions of 1963, 1983, 1984, 1986 and 2003.


1951 Tour de France
The race was won by Swiss cyclist Hugo Koblet. Koblet used his time-trial abilities to win large amounts of time. Dutch cyclist Wim van Est made fame, not only by becoming the first Dutch cyclist to lead the Tour de France, but more by falling down a ravine in the leader's jersey.