1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV
As well, the government in 1955 had lost five local elections in rural constituencies due to the IRV, when its candidate had received the largest portion of the vote in the first round but was not elected to the seat after re-distribution of the ballots in the second round. The cancellation of the IRV system was meant to prevent this in the future.


1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV
There were five constituencies where the SC had the largest number of first-choice votes but were not elected in the second round ballot count. One historian has stated that there were 20 constituencies like this in which the SC at the end won only five but that number is too high. There were 16 constituencies in which, in the first round, no candidate took the majority of the votes. In these constituencies, second round balloting (through re-distribution of some of the voters' second preferences) was held.


1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV
Mostly the candidate leading in the first round won the seat in the second round, but there were five constituencies (Acadia-Coronation, Athabasca, Grouard, Lac Ste. Anne and Vermilion) in which the leading candidate in the first round did not win the second round (thus the seat), and the victim in all five cases was the SC candidate, indicating to the government that the supporters of the opposition parties were beginning to support each other in a joint effort to defeat the government.


1955 Alberta general election, End of STV and AV
This was easily the most opposition that Manning faced during his 25 years as premier. As well, it was the most opposition Social Credit would face during its 36 years in power.


1955 Alberta general election, Results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1955 Alexandria earthquake
The 1955 Alexandria earthquake occurred on September 12 at 06:09 UTC. The epicenter was located in the eastern Mediterranean, offshore of Alexandria, Egypt. The earthquake had a magnitude of Ms 6.3.


1955 Alexandria earthquake
Damage was reported in the Nile Delta between Alexandria and Cairo. About 300 adobe houses were badly damaged around Lake Idku. The earthquake caused 18 deaths and 89 injuries, with 40 houses completely collapsed and about 420 houses ruined. The earthquake could also be felt in Cyprus, Palestine, Syria, and Greece.


1955 All England Badminton Championships
The 1955 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 23–26 March 1955.


1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team
The 1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference ("ACC") teams for the 1955 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1955 included the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP). Players selected for the first team by both the AP and UP are designated below in bold.


1955 All-Big Seven Conference football team
The 1955 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1955 college football season. The selectors for the 1955 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.


1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) for the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season.


1955 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 24th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.


1955 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
On 25 September 1955, Dublin won the championship following a 4-4 to 2-7 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title overall and their second in succession.


1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 25th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.


1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
Dublin entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten in the Leinster semi-final.


1955 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
On 4 September 1955 Tipperary won the championship following a 5-15 to 2-5 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their ninth All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1955 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Cork by an eight-point margin in the final. The match was played at Croke Park and attracted an attendance of 4,192.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Championship
Mayo beat Galway by a remarkable 6-1 to nil in the Connacht final. They were beaten heavily by Dublin for whom Una O'Connor scored five goals and Sophie Brack three in the semi-final. A great display by Sheila Cahill in the Cork goal helped her county through the other semi-final.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
The final was scheduled for August 21 alongside the All Ireland football semi-final but the pitch was so badly cut up by the Dublin v Mayo football semi-final and a thunderstorm caused its cancellation for a week. It meant Cork were able to call on star goalkeeper Sheila Cahill who was not available for the original fixture. The match took place at 7pc, and trains to Cork were delayed to enable supporters to return home, enabling an attendance of 4,192 (it was estimated just 200 had remained for the thunder storm the previous week).


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final
Cork took an early lead with a goal until Dublin fought back with three goals and a point in a three-minute spell. Dublin successfully defended their lead in a tense second half. Agnes Hourigan wrote in the Irish Press:


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final
For speed, style, long striking and grand stickwork, this final must surely have been the greatest ever played. Through the opening twenty minutes Cork seemed set to win. Inspired by their captain Anna Crotty, who was everywhere, they were beating Dublin all round and deserved their two goals lead. Then a point from a free by Annette Corrigan gave Dublin heart and they got a grip on the game which, though often disputed, they never lost.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final
Star of the Dublin revival was veteran Kathleen Mills, who in her 12th final (she won her tenth All Ireland medal last night) suddenly found her touch. An inspired spell ten minutes from the end of the first half, which brought them from six points behind to four points in front, set Dublin on the high road to victory.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Aftermath
As a result of her performance, Sophie Brack became the first camogie player to be awarded the Irish Independent sports star of the week on the Friday after the final. Angela Lane’s brother Mick Lane of Dolphin, her brother in law Tom Kiernan and her son, Michael Kiernan were Irish rugby internationals. Eileen Duffy’s brother Billy played first team soccer for Arsenal. Cork goalkeeper, Sheila Cahill, married Donie O'Donovan who won Railway Cup medals with Munster and coached Cork to win the 1973 All-Ireland senior football title.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Aftermath
Joan Clancy married West Ham soccer player, Jackie Morley and their son Pat Morley played soccer for Cork City, Shelbourne, Limerick and Waterford United. Sophie Brack captained Dublin to win six All-Ireland championships. Eileen Cronin married Paddy Hogan, who hurled for Laois in the 1949 All-Ireland final. Eileen Bourke was a sister of GAA historian, Marcus De Burca.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 23rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
This final is regarded as one of the greatest in camogie history. Cork took an early lead, but trailed 3-2 to 1-4 at half-time. Dublin powered through to win by eight points. Top scorers for Dublin were Sophie Brack and Frances Maher(three goals each), while Noreen Duggan scored 3-2 for Cork.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 69th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Note Quarter Finals were back in the Munster championship but Clare only skipped 1 year. Limerick, not part of the championship between 1953 and 1964, were approved to host Waterford in the Quarter Final but did not play.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Munster Senior Football Championship
Clare back in the Munster championship after 1 year break football again but even Limerick didn't take part between 1953 & 1964 there were approved to host Waterford in the Quarter Final but didn't take part.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 68th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. A then record crowd attended. The game went down in history as "famous" and a "classic". The team's relationship with the Hill 16 terrace has been traced to this day. It also marked the arrival of an indigenous Dublin team onto the national stage; previous Dublin teams had hired countrymen to fill their ranks.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Route to the final
Dublin had drawn much attention to themselves by dismantling the reigning All-Ireland champions Meath in the final of that year's Leinster Senior Football Championship. It was a twenty-point win, with  Kevin Heffernan contributing a five-goal tally. Dublin required a replay to beat Mayo in the All-Ireland semi-final.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match
Until the Wednesday before the final Kerry's seven-day-a-week training regime, led by Dr Eamonn O'Sullivan, began with a brisk walk before celebration of Mass each morning; there followed light breakfast, a training session out on the pitch, lunch, an afternoon training session. This was considered revolutionary at the time, particularly as the GAA, fearing the advent of professionalism within its ranks, had implemented an unsuccessful ban on collective training of inter-county teams just the year before, only for it to be overturned within a year.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match
British Rail were forced to schedule extra trains to Holyhead such was the clamour to see a Dublin team playing an exciting new brand of football. Queues formed in London's Euston railway station.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match
Much of the curiosity on the part of would-be spectators was an effort to see a purely Dublin-born team, based mainly around the St Vincent's club of the 1940s and into the 1950s. This differed from the established routine of Dublin bringing countrymen in to play for their county team. Heffernan and Ollie Freaney adopted "scientific" ideas that went against the usual catch and kick mantra of the sport. Cyril Freaney, who also played in the final (as corner-forward), later recalled the level of opposition to this approach: "You had people shouting 'soccer, soccer', we were 'soccerites'". Indeed, Heffernan was a known admirer of Don Revie — an Englishman who played soccer only — so his reputation as a traitor to his sport was somewhat justified.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match
While Dublin were considered favourite to win, many media reports tipped eventual victors Kerry. Among those publications to tip Kerry in their previews were the Sunday Independent, Cork Examiner and local news sheet The Kerryman. The Irish Independent and The Irish Press also suggested the likelihood of Kerry win was strong. John D. Hickey, in the Irish Independent, referenced Kerry's "rather peculiar state of thing", their expectation of victory, "they do believe and not without some reason that they are a law unto themselves when it comes to an All-Ireland final".


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match
On the night before the game, five members of the Dublin team went for a walk on the pier at Howth.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match
By 11:00 am on the morning of the game, with four hours still remaining, no sideline seats were available. The gates of Croke Park closed to the public twenty minutes before the minor final got underway. However, the gates were broken down and the official attendance rendered obsolete as many more people poured into the stadium. On the morning of the game, the Dublin team gathered in Barry's Hotel to dine on scrambled leg.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Pre-match
Yet the Dublin team were depleted: Norman Allen was ruled out of the game with appendicitis, Marcus Wilson had an injured legg, "Jim" McGuinness was also not fully fit and Heffernan had injured his ankle during a training session on the previous Tuesday. Heffernan heard of an Australian rugby doctor who happened to be in Clontarf and decided to experiment by asking him to inject him.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary
Dublin lined out with blue socks for the first time; before this they had worn their club colours.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary
Tadghie Lyne scored six points to give Kerry a commanding 0–12 to 0–6 lead. Ollie Freaney's goal five minutes from the brought Dublin within three points, but Kerry weathered the storm and won.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary
It was the second of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1950s.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary
Kerry player Jim Brosnan, scorer of two crucial second-half points, was flown home from New York for the final; he was over there studying medicine. His studies were more advanced than Heffernan's, whose injection ultimately failed.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Post-match
The Dublin team were permitted to keep the jerseys they had worn.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Post-match
Though the team lost this final, Heffernan was driven onwards to achieve greater things with Dublin as manager in the 1970s. After leading the team to win the 1976 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship against Kerry, he declared: "I've waited 21 years for this".


1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 24 April 1955 and ended on 4 September 1955.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
Cork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Wexford won the title following a 3-13 to 2-8 defeat of Galway in the final.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams
A total of fourteen teams contested the championship, the same as the previous championship, however, there were some changes on personnel. Antrim withdrew from the senior championship, while Wicklow fielded a team in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship.


1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 68th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1955 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 4 September 1955, between Wexford and Galway. The Connacht men lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 3-13 to 2-8.


1955 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1955 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1955 college football season.


1955 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key
AP = Associated Press, "selected by a vote of more than a score of football writers from AP member newspapers up and down the West Coast"


1955 All-Pro Team
The Associated Press (AP), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), New York Daily News (NYDN), The Sporting News (SN), and United Press (UP) were among selectors of All-Pro teams comprising players adjudged to be the best at each position in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1955 NFL season. The AP, NEA, NYDN, and UP selected a first and second team. The UP also named "honorable mentions".


1955 All-SEC football team
The 1955 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1955 college football season. Ole Miss won the conference.


1955 All-SEC football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP


1955 All-Southwest Conference football team
The 1955 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1955 college football season. The selectors for the 1955 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.


1955 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP


1955 Allan Cup
The 1955 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1954-55 Senior "A" season. The event was hosted by the Kitchener-Waterloo Flying Dutchmen and Kitchener, Ontario. The 1955 playoff marked the 47th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.


1955 Altensteig mid-air collision
The Altensteig mid-air collision occurred on 11 August 1955 when two United States Air Force Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcars collided and crashed three miles from Altensteig in West Germany. The aircraft were part of a formation of nine C-119s flying a training mission from Stuttgart-Echterdingen airfield, West Germany with troops from the United States Seventh Army. With all 66 on board both aircraft killed, it was, at the time, the deadliest air crash in Germany.


1955 Altensteig mid-air collision, Accident
Just after 14:00 one of the aircraft on the right of a formation of three developed engine problems just after takeoff when it was around 4,000 feet, it lost height then climbed abruptly into the second aircraft colliding in mid-air. The first aircraft, serial number 53-7841, crashed and disintegrated with the loss of all 19 on board. The second aircraft 53-3222 continued for a while before it also crashed about 30 miles from Stuttgart in a wooded area and burst into flames, killing all 47 on board.


1955 Altensteig mid-air collision, Accident
Helicopters were sent to the scene, supported by fire engines and people from local villages to help with the search for survivors, none were found and the fireman were still fighting the blaze into the evening.


1955 Altensteig mid-air collision, Aircraft
The two Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcars were twin-engined military transport aircraft from the 60th Troop-Carrier Wing based at Rhein-Main airfield in West Germany.


1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Andhra State Legislative Assembly were held on 11 February 1955. 581 candidates contested for the 167 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 29 two-member constituencies and 138 single-member constituencies. The members of the first assembly (1955–62) were allowed a seven-year term. That is to say in 1957, elections were conducted in the newly added region of Telangana alone and then in 1962 general elections were held for the state as a whole.


1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election, State Formation and Reorganization
On 1 October 1953, a separate Andhra State, consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas of the composite Madras State, with 167 constituencies with 190 seats in the Assembly, was formed. On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur, Gulbarga, and the Marathwada district were detached from the Hyderabad State while merging with Andhra State. Besides, the Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk, and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were transferred from Mysore State to Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur and Gulbarga were transferred to the Mysore State, while the Marathwada district was transferred to the Bombay State. This resulted in re-organization of assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh giving way to 85 constituencies with 105 seats in the assembly.


1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election, By-elections
On 16 July 1955 a by-election was held for the Burugupudi seat after the death of the sitting MLA and State Minister for Agriculture N. Venkata Rama Rao. N. Venkataratnam of the Indian National Congress was elected unopposed.


1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election, By-elections
In July 1955 a by-election was held for the Sarvepalli seat after the resignation of the sitting MLA Bezawada Gopala Reddy (who had won two seats in the assembly election, and had to resign from one of them). The election was won by the Indian National Congress candidate V.K. Reddi, won obtained 22,835 votes (60%), whilst the independent S.A. Reddi got 15,218 votes (40%). Whilst the Congress Party won the election by a comfortable margin, its percentage of the popular vote had decreased by 7.8%.


1955 Argentine Grand Prix
The 1955 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Buenos Aires on 16 January 1955. It was race 1 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers.


1955 Argentine Grand Prix
The race was won from third on the grid by Juan Manuel Fangio for Mercedes. Ferrari drivers Nino Farina and Maurice Trintignant finished both second and third in two three-way shared drives with José Froilán González and Umberto Maglioli respectively. The high temperatures of the Argentinian summer proved to be very taxing for both drivers and cars. Fangio and Roberto Mieres were the only two drivers able to complete the race without handing their car to another driver.


1955 Argentine Grand Prix
The extreme heat led to a scoring nightmare of 16 driver substitutions. Only Juan Manuel Fangio and Roberto Mieres finished the race without a relief driver. Fangio suffered severe burns to his leg which, for the entire duration of the race, was rubbing against the chassis frame which was being heated by the exhaust. It took him 3 months to recover; his next race in Monaco was not until late May. It left a permanent scar on his leg later in life.


1955 Argentine Primera División
The 1955 Argentine Primera División was the 64th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 30 and ended on December 11.


1955 Argus Trophy
The 1955 Argus Trophy was a motor race staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 27 March 1955. The race, which was open to Formula Libre Racing Cars, was contested over 32 laps, a distance of 100 miles. It was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia and sponsored by The Argus, a Melbourne newspaper.


1955 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The 1955 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Dan Devine, the Sun Devils compiled an 8–2–1 record (4–1 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 343 to 107.


1955 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team
The 1955 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the New Mexico Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their second and final year under head coach Earl Insley, the Lumberjacks compiled a 0–9 record (0–4 against conference opponents), finished last in the conference, and were outscored opponents by a total of 220 to 72.


1955 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team
The team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.


1955 Arizona Wildcats baseball team
The 1955 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his 6th year at Arizona.


1955 Arizona Wildcats baseball team
The Wildcats won the District VI Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Oklahoma A&M Cowboys.


1955 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1955 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the Wildcats compiled a 5–4–1 record (1–2–1 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 184 to 169. The team captains were Paul Hatcher and Bill Codd. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.


1955 Arizona Wildcats football team
Tailback Art Luppino rushed for 1,313 yards during the 1955 season and was the NCAA rushing leader for the second consecutive season.


1955 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1955 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1955 college football season. In their first year under head coach Jack Mitchell, the Razorbacks compiled a 5–4–1 record (3–2–1 against SWC opponents), finished in fourth place in the SWC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 126 to 114.


1955 Army Cadets football team
The 1955 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1955 college football season. In their 15th year under head coach Earl Blaik, the Cadets compiled a 6–3 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 256 to 72. In the annual Army–Navy Game, the Cadets defeated the Midshipmen by a 14 to 6 score. The Cadets also lost to Michigan, Syracuse, and Yale.


1955 Army Cadets football team
No Army players were honored on the 1955 College Football All-America Team.


1955 Asian Baseball Championship
The 1955 Asian Baseball Championship was the second continental tournament held by the Baseball Federation of Asia. The tournament was held in Manila, Philippines for the second time. Won by Japan, it was the first of what would be three consecutive Asian Championship wins in a row. Taiwan (2nd), South Korea (3rd) and Philippines (4th) were the other participants.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1955 Atlantic hurricane season was, at the time, the costliest season ever recorded, just ahead of the previous year. The hurricane season officially began on June 15, 1955, and ended on November 15, 1955. It was an extremely active season in terms of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), but slightly above average in terms of tropical storms, with 13 recorded tropical cyclones. The first storm, Alice, had persisted since December 30, 1954. Alice caused relatively minor impact as it tracked through the Lesser Antilles and eastern Caribbean Sea in early January.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical Storm Brenda caused two deaths and minor damage along the Gulf Coast of the United States in early August. The quick succession of Hurricanes Connie and Diane caused significant flooding in the Northeastern United States, with nearly $1 billion (1955 USD) in losses and at least 232 fatalities. The next three storms – Hurricanes Edith and Flora and Tropical Storm Five – caused very minor or no impact. In early September, Hurricane Gladys caused severe localized flooding in Mexico, primarily in Mexico City. Additionally, an offshoot of Gladys inflicted minor impact in Texas.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Hilda struck the Greater Antilles and then Mexico. It was attributed to at least 304 deaths and $120 million in losses. In mid-September, Hurricane Ione struck eastern North Carolina and contributed the flooding from Connie and Diane, resulting in seven fatalities and $88 million in damage. Later that month, Hurricane Janet, which peaked as a Category 5 hurricane, lashed several countries adjacent to the Caribbean Sea, as well as Mexico and British Honduras. Janet resulted in $53.8 million in damage and at least 716 deaths. An unnamed tropical storm in the month of October did not impact land.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Katie, the final storm, caused minor damage in a sparsely populated area of Hispaniola, totaling to at least $200,000; 7 fatalities were also reported. Collectively, the storms caused 1,601 deaths and $1.11 billion in losses, making it the costliest season at the time. A record number of names – four – were retired following the season, which was later tied by the 1995, 2004, and 2017 seasons, trailing only the 2005 season, when five names were retired.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
On April 11, 1955, which was prior to the start of the season, Gordon Dunn was promoted to the chief meteorologist of the Miami Hurricane Warning Office. Dunn was replacing Grady Norton, who died from a stroke while forecasting Hurricane Hazel of the previous season. In early June, the Hurricane Hunters received new reconnaissance aircraft, which contained the latest radar and electronic equipment, at the time.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Later that month, shortly before the start of the 1955 season, a bill was proposed in the United States Senate to provide funding for 55 new radar stations along the East Coast of the United States. After the United States House of Representatives passed a bill allotting $5 million, the Senate disputed about possibly increasing the funding two-fold to $10 million. Eventually, the radars were installed, starting in July 1955. After the devastating storms of the season, particularly Connie and Diane, a United States Government organization with the purpose of monitoring tropical cyclones was established in 1956 with $500,000 in funding; it later became the modern-day National Hurricane Center.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 15, 1955. It was an above average season in which 13 tropical cyclones formed. In a typical season, about nine tropical storms develop, of which five strengthen to hurricane strength. All thirteen depressions attained tropical storm status, and eleven of these attained hurricane status. Six hurricanes further intensified into major hurricanes. The season was above average most likely because of a strong, ongoing La Niña. Hurricane Alice was named in January 1955 but was operationally analysed to have developed in late December 1954.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Within the official hurricane season bounds, tropical cyclogenesis did not occur until July 31, with the development of Tropical Storm Brenda. However, during the month of August, four tropical cyclones formed – including Connie, Diane, Edith, and an unnamed tropical storm. Five additional tropical cyclones – Flora, Gladys, Hilda, Ione, and Janet – all developed in September. Tropical cyclogenesis briefly halted until an unnamed tropical storm formed on October 10. The final storm of the season, Katie, dissipated on October 19, almost a month before the official end of hurricane season on November 15. Eight hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 1,603 deaths and $1.1 billion in damage.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 158, which was well above the 1950-2000 average of 96.1. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical cyclones with winds exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is tropical storm strength.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda
The first tropical depression of the season formed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico early on July 31. Six hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Brenda. During the next 24 hours, the storm strengthened and attained its peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h) early on August 1 before making landfall in New Orleans, Louisiana, at a slightly weaker intensity of 65 mph (100 km/h). The storm steadily weakened inland and at 0600 UTC on August 2, it was downgraded to a tropical depression. About 24 hours later, Brenda dissipated while located over northeastern Texas.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda
Between Pensacola, Florida, and Lake Charles, Louisiana, rainfall totals were generally about 4 inches (100 mm); flooding, if any, was insignificant. Tropical storm force winds were reported, peaking at 50 mph (80 km/h) at Shell Beach, Louisiana, on the south shore of Lake Borgne. At the same location, tides between 5 and 6 feet (1.5 and 1.8 m) above normal were measured. Four people were rescued by the United States Coast Guard after their tugboat sank in Lake Pontchartrain, while three others swam to shore. Additionally, two fatalities occurred in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Connie
A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression east of Cape Verde on August 3. After six hours, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Connie. By August 4, Connie began to rapidly strengthen, becoming the first major hurricane of the season later that day. Initially, it posed a threat to the Lesser Antilles, although it passed about 50 miles (80 km) north. The outer rainbands produced hurricane-force wind gusts and intense precipitation, reaching 8.65 inches (220 mm) in Puerto Rico. In the United States Virgin Islands, three people died due to the hurricane, and a few homes were destroyed. In Puerto Rico, Connie destroyed 60 homes and caused crop damage. After affecting Puerto Rico, Connie turned to the northwest, reaching peak winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). The hurricane weakened while slowing and turning to the north, and struck North Carolina on August 12 as a Category 2 hurricane.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Connie
Connie produced strong winds, high tides, and heavy rainfall as it moved ashore, causing heavy crop damage and 27 deaths in the state of North Carolina. Connie made a second landfall in Virginia, and it progressed inland until dissipating on August 15 near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Connie is noted for being the only hurricane in recorded history to strike Michigan/the Great Lakes region as a tropical storm. Four people were killed in Washington, D.C. due to a traffic accident. In the Chesapeake Bay, Connie capsized a boat, killing 14 people and prompting a change in Coast Guard regulation.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Connie
There were six deaths each in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and eleven deaths in New York, where record rainfall flooded homes and subways. At least 225,000 people lost power during the storm. Damage in the United States totaled around $86 million, although the rains from Connie was a prelude to flooding by Hurricane Diane. The remnants of Connie destroyed a few houses and boats in Ontario and killed three people in Ontario.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane
A tropical wave spawned a tropical depression between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde on August 7. It slowly strengthened and became Tropical Storm Diane on August 9. After a Fujiwhara interaction with Hurricane Connie, Diane curved northward or north-northeastward and quickly deepened. By early on August 8, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane. Only several hours later, Diane peaked as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). The storm resumed its west-northwestward motion on August 13. Colder air in the region caused Diane to weaken while approaching the East Coast of the United States.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane
A recently installed radar in North Carolina noted an eye feature, albeit poorly defined. Early on August 17, Diane made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, as a strong tropical storm. The storm then moved in a parabolic motion across North Carolina and the Mid-Atlantic before re-emerging into the Atlantic Ocean on August 19. Diane headed east-northeastward until becoming extratropical on August 20.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane
Despite landfall in North Carolina, impact in the state was minor, limited to moderate rainfall, abnormally high tides, and relatively strong winds. Further north, catastrophic flooding occurred in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and New England. Of the 287 stream gauges in the region, 129 reported record levels after the flooding from Tropical Storm Diane. Many streams reported discharge rates that were more than twice of the previous record.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diane
Most of the flooding occurred along small river basins that rapidly rose within hours to flood stage, largely occurring in populated areas; the region in which the floods occurred had about 30 million people, and 813 houses overall were destroyed. The floods severely damaged homes, highways, power lines, and railroads, and affected several summer camps. Overall utility damage was estimated at $79 million. Flooding in mountainous areas caused landslides and destroyed crop fields; agriculture losses was estimated at $7 million. Hundreds of miles of roads and bridges were also destroyed, accounting for $82 million in damage. Overall, Diane caused $754.7 million in damage, of which $600 million was in New England. Overall, there were at least 184 deaths.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edith
An easterly tropical wave developed into a tropical depression on August 21 in the tropical Atlantic. Moving towards the west-northwest, the disturbance slowly intensified, reaching tropical storm strength at 1200 UTC on August 23 and as such was named Edith by the Weather Bureau. Afterwards, Edith began to curve towards the northwest as it gradually intensified, attaining hurricane strength on August 26, but weakened back to a tropical storm early the next day. The storm re-intensified as it northeastward and accelerated, re-attaining hurricane status early on August 29.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Edith
Edith became a Category 2 hurricane on August 30 and soon peaked with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 967 mbar (28.6 inHg). The hurricane began to gradually weaken after it passed east of the island, before becoming extratropical on August 31. The extratropical cyclone would later make a clockwise loop before dissipating completely early on September 5. Although Edith remained at sea, it was suspected that the hurricane may have caused the loss of the pleasure yacht Connemara IV, after it separated from its moorings.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
A weak disturbance was first observed near Grand Cayman on August 23. The disturbance moved northeastward into the Gulf of Mexico, where it became a tropical depression late on August 25. Early the next day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. The tropical storm marginally strengthened further, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) by 0000 UTC on August 27. Nearing the Gulf Coast of the United States, the system curved towards the west. The storm maintained its intensity up until landfall in Louisiana near New Orleans about four hours later. Moving inland, it slowly weakened while crossing the Central United States, degenerating to tropical depression strength by August 28 and dissipating over east-central Texas several hours later.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
Strong waves generated by the storm caused tides 4 ft (1.2 m) above average, slightly damaging coastal resorts. Weather offices advised small craft offshore to remain in port due to the strong waves. Rough seas battered the schooner Princess Friday, but the ship was able to ride out the storm. The storm produced squalls further inland, causing heavy rains. Very minor damage occurred as a result of this cyclone.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flora
A tropical wave moved along the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and passed through Cape Verde between August 30 and August 31. Although the Panair do Brasil headquarters in Recife, Brazil reported a closed circulation on August 30, Tropical Storm Flora did not develop until 0600 UTC on September 2, while located about 400 miles (640 km) of Cape Verde. The storm strengthened at a steady pace for the following 48 hours and reached hurricane status late on September 3. Flora headed on a parabolic track, initially moving west-northwestward and then northwesterly by September 4.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flora
It continued to intensify and by September 6, the storm curved northward. Around time, a minimum barometric pressure of 967 mbar (28.6 inHg) was reported, along with a maximum sustained wind speed of 105 mph (165 km/h). Flora weakened slightly to a Category 1 hurricane curving to the northeast late on September 8 and became extratropical at 0600 UTC on September 9, while located about midway between Flores Island in the Azores and Sable Island, Nova Scotia.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gladys
A tropical depression developed in the Bay of Campeche at 1800 UTC on September 3. About 24 hours later, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Gladys. The storm quickly intensified and reached hurricane status on September 5, roughly 24 hours after developing. Around that time, Gladys peaked as a Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). Later on September 5, an offshoot of Gladys with cyclonic turning formed in the northern Gulf of Mexico and struck Texas on September 6; it may have been a separate tropical cyclone. Initially, Gladys headed north-northwestward, but then re-curved south-southwestward while approaching the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Early on September 6, it made landfall near Tampico, Tamaulipas, as a minimal hurricane. Gladys curved southward while just barely inland and weakened, dissipating near Tuxpan, Veracruz, late on September 6.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gladys
Gladys dropped up to 25 inches (640 mm) in Tampico, Tamaulipas. The worst of the flooding from Gladys occurred in Mexico City. Roughly 5,000 residents were isolated and required rescue. Police estimated that 2,300 homes were inundated with 5 to 7 feet (1.5 to 2.1 m) of water. About 30,000 families were impacted by the storm. Two children drowned and five additional people were listed as missing. In Texas, the highest sustained wind speed was 45 mph (75 km/h) in the Corpus Christi–Port O'Connor area, with gusts between 55 and 65 mph (89 and 105 km/h) offshore. Precipitation peaked at 17.02 inches (432 mm) in Flour Bluff, a neighborhood of Corpus Christi. Flooding in the area forced "scores" of people to evacuate their homes. Damage estimates reached $500,000.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ione
A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression early on September 10, while located about midway between Cape Verde and the Lesser Antilles. After six hours, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Ione. Eventually, it turned to the northwest. At 0000 UTC on September 15, Ione reached hurricane intensity, while situated north of the Leeward Islands. Ione continued to deep while moving northwest. The storm reached Category 4 intensity with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 938 mbar (27.7 inHg) early on September 18.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ione
Around midday on the following day, it made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, as a Category 2 hurricane. Shortly after moving inland over eastern North Carolina, Ione weakened to a tropical storm. Late on September 19, Ione re-emerged into the Atlantic near Norfolk, Virginia. The storm quickly re-strengthened early on September 20, but transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 21.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ione
Strong winds, heavy rainfall, and abnormally high tides lashed some areas along the East Coast of the United States, especially North Carolina. In Cherry Point, sustained winds reached 75 mph (121 km/h), with gusts up to 107 mph (172 km/h). Overall, damage was slightly more than $88 million, mostly to crops and agriculture. Rainfall in the state peaked at 16.63 inches (422 mm) in Maysville. Storm surge in North Carolina peaked at 5.3 feet (1.6 m) in Wrightsville Beach. As a result, several coastal roadways were flooded, including a portion of Highway 94 and Route 264. Seven deaths were reported in North Carolina. The remnants of Ione brought gusty winds to Atlantic Canada, which broken poles, uprooted trees, interrupted telephone service, damaged chimneys and caused power outages, especially in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda
A tropical wave spawned Tropical Storm Hilda north of Puerto Rico early on September 12. Hilda quickly intensified while moving westward into a small hurricane by September 13. Although the storm passed just north of Hispaniola on that day, damage is unknown, if any. Later on September 13, Hilda made landfall near the southeastern tip of Cuba on September 13. There, it dropped heavy rainfall and produced gusty winds that destroyed 80% of the coffee crop in Oriente Province. In the eastern Cuban city of Baracoa, Hilda severely damaged the oldest church in the country. Damage totaled $2 million in Cuba, and there were four deaths.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda
Although Hilda weakened to a tropical storm over southeastern Cuba, the system re-strengthened into a hurricane as it struck Grand Cayman early on September 15. The storm intensified further over the northeastern Caribbean, becoming a Category 3 major hurricane and reaching sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) about 24 hours later. Late on September 16, Hilda struck a sparsely-populated region of the eastern Yucatán Peninsula, causing light damage. Although Hilda quickly weakened to a tropical storm over the Yucatán Peninsula, the cyclone re-strengthened to again reach winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) early on September 19.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hilda
Before the hurricane moved ashore, there was residual flooding in Tampico from earlier Hurricane Gladys. Hilda struck the city early on September 19 and then rapidly weakened inland, dissipating on September 20. The storm is estimated to have generated gusts up to 150 mph (240 km/h) and dropped heavy rainfall that flooded 90% of Tampico, while its strong winds damaged half of the homes, leaving 15,000 homeless. Throughout Mexico, 11,432 people were directly affected by Hilda. Overall, the storm killed 300 people and caused over $120 million in damages. Additionally, the outer bands of Hilda caused minor flooding in southern Texas, particularly in Raymondville.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet
Hurricane Janet was the most powerful tropical cyclone of the season and one of the strongest Atlantic hurricanes on record. The hurricane formed from a tropical wave east of the Lesser Antilles on September 21. Moving toward the west across the Caribbean Sea, Janet fluctuated in intensity, but generally strengthened before reaching its peak intensity as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale with winds of 175 mph (280 km/h). The intense hurricane made landfall at that intensity near Chetumal, Mexico on September 28.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet
Janet's landfall as a Category 5 hurricane on the Yucatán Peninsula marked the first recorded instance that a storm of such intensity in the Atlantic basin made on a continental mainland, with all previous storms making landfall as Category 5 hurricanes on islands. After weakening to a Category 2 over the Yucatán Peninsula, it moved into the Bay of Campeche and remained mostly unchanged in intensity before making its final landfall near Veracruz on September 29. Janet quickly weakened over Mexico's mountainous terrain before dissipating on September 30.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet
In its developmental stages near the Lesser Antilles, Janet caused significant damage to the island chain, resulting in 189 deaths and $7.8 million in damages in the Grenadines and Barbados. While Janet was in the central Caribbean Sea, a reconnaissance aircraft flew into the storm and was lost, with all eleven crew members believed perished. This was the only such loss which has occurred in association with an Atlantic hurricane. A Category 5 upon landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula, Janet caused severe devastation in areas on Quintana Roo and British Honduras.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janet
Only five buildings in Chetumal, Mexico remained intact after the storm. An estimated 500 deaths occurred in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. At Janet's second landfall near Veracruz, significant river flooding ensued, worsening effects caused by Hurricanes Gladys and Hilda earlier in the month. The floods left thousands of people stranded and killed at least 326 people in the Tampico area. The flood damage would lead to the largest Mexican relief operation ever executed by the United States. At least 1,023 deaths were attributed to Hurricane Janet, as well as $65.8 million in damages.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 18 and continued west-northwestward. It is possible that the system developed into a tropical depression the next day, although lack of data prevented such classification until September 23, when a nearby ship reported winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). An approaching cold front turned the system to the north on September 24. The structure gradually became better organized, and after turning to the northeast on September 26, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. This was based on a ship report of 45 mph (75 km/h) winds, which was also estimated as the system's peak intensity. On September 27, the system became extratropical and accelerated its forward motion, dissipating within a larger extratropical storm south of Iceland on the next day.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve
A tropical wave was reported to have passed through Cape Verde on October 4. The system slowly developed a vertex as it curved in a generally northward direction. By early on October 10, two ships reported that a tropical depression formed almost halfway between the Azores and the Leeward Islands. After six hours, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. While re-curving to the northeast, the storm attained its maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h); the lowest atmospheric pressure recorded in relation to the storm was 1,000 mbar (30 inHg), but the time of measurement is unknown. Although no significant weakening occurred, it eventually merged with an extratropical cyclone on October 14, while still well southwest of the Azores. During its extratropical stage, a ship in the area reported an atmospheric pressure as low as 979 mbar (28.9 inHg).


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Katie
A disturbance in the ITCZ developed into a tropical depression north of Panama on October 14. Early on the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Katie. The system moved generally northeast due to the presence of a strong low pressure area along the East Coast of the United States. Later that day, Hurricane Hunters observed a rapidly intensifying hurricane, encountering winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a pressure of 984 mbar (29.1 inHg) several hours before the peak intensity.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Katie
Early on October 17, Katie made landfall in extreme eastern Sud-Est, Haiti, as a strong Category 2 hurricane (although it may have been stronger). About half of homes in the town of Anse-à-Pitres were destroyed. Across the border in Pedernales, Dominican Republic, 68 houses were damaged. Overall losses were at least $200,000 and 7 fatalities were reported.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Katie
While crossing the mountainous terrain of Hispaniola, Katie became very disorganized and rapidly weakened to a tropical storm early on October 17, within a few hours after moving inland. Later that day, the storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean just east of Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic. Katie began accelerating to the northeast on October 18. During that time, the storm re-intensified and briefly approached hurricane intensity, although it failed to strengthen further due to interaction with a cold front. After passing just east of Bermuda on October 19, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of Katie were last observed the following day.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names
The following names were used for tropical cyclones that reached at least tropical storm intensity in the North Atlantic in 1955. However, two of such storms went unnamed. Storms were named Brenda, Connie, Diane, Edith, Flora, Gladys, Hilda, Ione, Janet and Katie for the first (and only in case of Connie, Diane, Ione and Janet) time. Names not assigned are marked in gray.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names, Retirement
Connie, Diane, Ione, and Janet would later be retired. The 1955 season is tied with the 1995, 2004, and 2017 seasons for the second most storm names retired after a single season in the Atlantic basin, only surpassed by the 2005, which had five names retired.


1955 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 1955 Atlantic hurricane season, besides Hurricane Alice. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a tropical wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 1955 USD.


1955 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1955 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1955 college football season. It was the Tigers' 64th overall and 23rd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph "Shug" Jordan, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins, two losses and one tie (8–2–1 overall, 5–2–1 in the SEC) and with a loss to Vanderbilt in the Gator Bowl.


1955 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1955 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of rugby union matches played by "Wallabies" in 1955.


1955 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The test series was lost with a victory for Australia and two for New Zealand.


1955 Australian Championships
The 1955 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 21 January to 31 January.


1955 Australian Championships
It was the 43rd edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 11th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Ken Rosewall and Beryl Penrose.


1955 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles
Vic Seixas /  Tony Trabert defeated  Lew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall 6–3, 6–2, 2–6, 3–6, 6–1


1955 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles
Mary Bevis Hawton /  Beryl Penrose defeated  Nell Hall Hopman /  Gwen Thiele 7–5, 6–1


1955 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles
Thelma Coyne Long /  George Worthington defeated  Jenny Staley /  Lew Hoad 6–2, 6–1


1955 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
First-seeded Ken Rosewall defeated Lew Hoad 9–7, 6–4, 6–4 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1955 Australian Championships.


1955 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Ken Rosewall is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1955 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
Second-seeded Beryl Penrose defeated Thelma Long 6–4, 6–3 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1955 Australian Championships.


1955 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Beryl Penrose is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1955 Australian Grand Prix
The 1955 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Port Wakefield Circuit in South Australia on 10 October 1955. The race, which had 22 starters, was held over 80 laps of the 2.09 km (1.3 mi) circuit. It was open to Formula Libre cars of unlimited capacity. The race was promoted by Brooklyn Speedway (SA) Ltd. and was organised by the Sporting Car Club of SA Inc.


1955 Australian Grand Prix
It was the twentieth Australian Grand Prix and the first to be held on a purpose built motor racing circuit after the previous 19 were held on closed streets or country roads, or on airfields modified for the purpose. Future World Champion Jack Brabham won his first Australian Grand Prix in a streamlined Cooper-Bristol that Brabham, having recently joined the Cooper team, had assembled himself and sent to Australia. It was the first time a rear-engined car had won the AGP, although this was seen as an upset win and a rear-engined car would not win again until 1960.


1955 Australian federal election
The 1955 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 10 December 1955. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 30 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. An early election was called to bring the House and Senate elections back in line; the previous election in 1954 had been House-only. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies increased its majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by H. V. Evatt.


1955 Australian federal election
Future Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser and future opposition leader Billy Snedden both entered parliament at this election.


1955 Avon Trophy
The I Avon Trophy was a non-championship Grand Prix which was held at the Castle Combe Circuit on 1 October 1955, three weeks after the end of the season. It was the inaugural running of the Avon Trophy, and the last race run to Formula One regulations to be held at the circuit.


1955 Avon Trophy
The race was won from pole by American, Harry Schell, ahead of privateer Horace Gould, in second and Bob Gerard in third.


1955 Avon Trophy, Background
The Castle Combe circuit, converted from an airfield just five years earlier, welcomed Formula One racing for the fourth consecutive year, having hosted the Joe Fry Memorial Trophy in previous years.


1955 Avon Trophy, Background
The inaugural Avon Trophy, although post-season and non-championship, was attended by numerous championship contenders from the 1955 season, as well as some new faces ahead of 1956. Among those who entered the race were American, Harry Schell, privateer Horace Gould and Frenchman, Louis Rosier. Peter Collins and future championship runner-up, Tony Brooks also attended.


1955 Ayrshire County Council election
Elections to Ayrshire County Council were held on 10 May 1955. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 established Ayrshire as an administrative county, governed by a County Council.


1955 Ayrshire County Council election
Following the election the council was composed of 25 Labourites, 16 Progressives/Moderates, and an Independent. The former council had composed 24 Labourites, 15 Progressives/Moderates, and an Independent. Due to the splitting of several larger divisions 3 new seats had to be filled.


1955 BC Lions season
The 1955 BC Lions finished the season in fourth place in the W.I.F.U. with a 5–11 record, improving upon their inaugural season, but still could not qualify for the playoffs.


1955 BC Lions season
At the end of the season, Annis Stukus, who help organize and spearhead the new CFL expansion franchise, was dropped as head coach after two seasons. On December 7, former Ottawa Rough Riders head coach, Clem Crowe, was elevated from assistant to the second head coach in Lions history.


1955 BC Lions season
Guard Bob Levenhagen was the only Lion to be a WIFU All-star.


1955 BYU Cougars football team
The 1955 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their seventh and final season under head coach Chick Atkinson, the Cougars compiled a 1–9 record (0–7 against Skyline opponents), finished eighth (last) in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 300 to 104.


1955 BYU Cougars football team
The team's statistical leaders included Don Dixon with 335 passing yards, Phil Oyler with 366 rushing yards and 381 yards of total offense, Owen Skousen with 190 receiving yards, and LeGrand Young with 19 points scored.


1955 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1955 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1955 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach George Serdula, the team compiled a 3–5 record (1–5 against conference opponents) and tied for last place in the ICC.


1955 Baltimore Colts season
The 1955 Baltimore Colts season was the third season for the team in the National Football League. The Baltimore Colts finished the National Football League's 1955 season with a record of 5 wins, 6 losses and 1 tie and finished fourth in the Western Conference.


1955 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1955 Baltimore Orioles season
The 1955 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 57 wins and 97 losses, 39 games behind the AL champion New York Yankees. The team was managed by first-year manager Paul Richards and played their home games at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium.


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Offseason
In the fall of 1954, the Orioles further distanced themselves from their Browns past by making a 17-player trade with the New York Yankees that included most former Browns of note still on the Baltimore roster. Indeed, to this day the Orioles make almost no mention of their past as the Browns. Though the deal did little to improve the short-term competitiveness of the club, it helped establish a fresh identity for the Oriole franchise.


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Offseason
The details of the trade were as follows: Don Larsen, Billy Hunter, Bob Turley, and players to be named later were traded by the Orioles to the New York Yankees for Gene Woodling, Harry Byrd, Jim McDonald, Hal Smith, Gus Triandos, Willy Miranda and players to be named later. The deal was completed on December 1, when the Yankees sent Bill Miller, Kal Segrist, Don Leppert, and Ted Del Guercio (minors) to the Orioles, and the Orioles sent Mike Blyzka, Darrell Johnson, Jim Fridley, and Dick Kryhoski to the Yankees.


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Offseason
Unlike other clubs that transferred in the 1950s, retaining their nickname and a sense of continuity with their past (such as the Brooklyn-Los Angeles Dodgers and New York-San Francisco Giants), the St. Louis Browns were renamed upon their transfer, implicitly distancing themselves at least somewhat from their history.


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Baltimore Orioles season, Farm system
Pine Bluff franchise transferred to Meridian and renamed, June 16, 1955


1955 Baltimore mayoral election
The 1955 Baltimore mayoral election saw reelection of Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. to a third consecutive term as mayor.


1955 Baltimore mayoral election, General election, Campaign
D'Alesandro faced Republican Samuel Hopkins. Hopkins had served a four-year term in the Maryland House of Delegates, having been elected in 1950.


1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1955 followed a system established for odd-number years in 1953. The eligibility of retired players was extended; previously, a player could not be on the BBWAA ballot if he had retired more than 25 years prior. The ballot could now include those who had been retired for up to 30 years.


1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected four: Joe DiMaggio, Gabby Hartnett, Ted Lyons, and Dazzy Vance. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier players. It selected two players, Frank Baker and Ray Schalk. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 25, 1955, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.


1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1925 or later, but not after 1949. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.


1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. Votes were cast for 65 players; a total of 251 ballots were cast, with 189 votes required for election. A total of 2,391 individual votes were cast, an average of 9.53 per ballot. For the third time, the election produced at least four inductees, a feat that would not be repeated for another 60 years, in 2015.


1955 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
The four candidates who received 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.


1955 Basque Pelota World Championships
The 1955 Basque Pelota World Championships were the 2nd edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships, organized by  the FIPV.


1955 Basque Pelota World Championships, Events
A total of 12 events were disputed, in 4 playing areas.


1955 Baylor Bears football team
The 1955 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1955 college football season. The team finished with a record of 5-5. Henry Gremminger (End) was chosen to the All-Conference team for a second year in a row.


1955 Belfast Corporation election
Elections to Belfast Corporation were held on 18 May 1955, alongside elections to Northern Ireland's other municipal councils. The Ulster Unionists maintained their dominance of the 60-seat corporation, gaining 3 seats to bring their total number of seats to 50.


1955 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1955 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on June 5, 1955. It was race 4 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers. The 36-lap race was won by Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from second position. His teammate Stirling Moss finished second and Ferrari driver Nino Farina came in third.


1955 Belgian Grand Prix, Race report
Harry Schell set a grid time but his car was driven by teammate Maurice Trintignant. This was the easiest of wins for Mercedes. With the absence of Lancia, there was very little competition. Fangio disappeared into the distance with Moss tracking him round. Private entrant Eugenio Castellotti retired after 16 laps, Jean Behra crashed and Hawthorn's Vanwall had an oil leak. The domination of the silver cars was such that they came in over 2 minutes ahead of Farina in third place after he had lost a great deal of time attempting unsuccessfully to pass Castellotti.


1955 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix
The 1955 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 3 July 1955 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.


1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship
The 1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship was held on May 27–28, 1955 at the Purdue Golf Course (South) in Lafayette, Indiana. The team champion was Purdue with a score of 1,141 and the individual champion was Roger Rubendall of Wisconsin who shot a 216.


1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship, Individual results
The championship was shortened for the first time ever from 72 holes to 54 as a result of storms canceling a morning round on Saturday.


1955 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship, Round summaries
The 1955 Big Ten Championship was played over two days with two 18-hole rounds played on the first day and an 18-hole round played on the final day, for a total of 54 holes.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1955 Big Ten Conference football season was the 60th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1955 college football season.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1955 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, won the Big Ten football championship with a record of 7–2 and was ranked No. 5 in the final AP Poll. Halfback Howard Cassady was a consensus first-team All-American and won both the 1955 Heisman Trophy as the best player in college football and the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the most valuable player in the Big Ten.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1955 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Duffy Daugherty, compiled a 9–1 record, defeated UCLA in the 1956 Rose Bowl, and was ranked No. 2 behind Oklahoma in the final AP Poll. Quarterback Earl Morrall was a consensus first-team All-American and was the first Big Ten player selected in the 1956 NFL Draft with the second overall pick. Tackle Norm Masters was also a first-team All-American.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, compiled a 7–2 record and was ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll. In the second week of the season, the Wolverines defeated Michigan State, the Spartans' only loss of the season. The Wolverines rose to No. 1 in the AP Poll after defeating Army (ranked No. 6), but after starting the season 6-0, Michigan lost to Illinois on November 5, 1955. End Ron Kramer was a consensus first-team All-American.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season
Iowa guard Cal Jones won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football. He was the first Big Ten player to receive the award.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1955 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1955 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldPAG = Average of points allowed per game; conference leader's average displayed in boldMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason
On February 3, 1955, Bob Voigts resigned as Northwestern's head football coach. Voights had come under fire from alumni after Northwestern won only one conference game in two seasons. Less than a week later, Lou Saban was announced as Voigts' replacement. Saban had been an assistant coach at Northwestern in 1954. He had played for Indiana in 1941 and 1942 and for the Cleveland Browns from 1946 to 1949.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 24
On September 24, 1955, the Big Ten football teams opened their seasons with one conference game and eight non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in six wins and two losses.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 1
On October 1, 1955, the Big Ten football teams participate in three conference games and four non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in one win and three losses, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 7–5.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 8
On October 8, 1955, the Big Ten football teams participated in four conference games and two non-conference games. The two non-conference games resulted in wins, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 9-5 up to that point in the season.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 15
On October 14 and 15, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played three conference games and four non-conference games. The four non-conference games resulted in two wins and two losses, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 11-7 up to that point in the season.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 22
On October 21 and 22, 1955, the Big Ten football teams participated in four conference games and two non-conference games. Iowa's non-conference game was played on Friday, October 21, while the remaining games were played on Saturday, October 22. The two non-conference games resulted in two losses, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 11-9 up to that point in the season.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 29
On October 29, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The two non-conference games resulted in two wins, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 13-9 up to that point in the season.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 5
On November 5, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played each other in five conference games.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 12
On November 12, 1955, the Big Ten football teams played each other in five conference games.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 19
On November 19, 1955, the Big Ten Conference football teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The two non-conference games resulted in a win and a loss, bringing the Big Ten's record against non-conference opponents to 14-10 up to that point in the season.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
On January 2, 1956, Michigan State defeated UCLA, 17-14, in the 1956 Rose Bowl.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments
On November 29, 1955, the Associated Press released its final college football rankings. Oklahoma was ranked at No. 1 by the AP with three Big Ten teams ranked in the top 20: Michigan State (No. 2); Ohio State (No. 5); and Michigan (No. 12).


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments
After the 1955 season, three Big Ten teams changed head football coaches as follows:


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
At the end of the 1955 season, Big Ten players secured five of 12 consensus first-team picks for the 1955 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors
Other Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
Ohio State halfback Howard Cassady won the 1955 Heisman Trophy. Three other Big Ten players finished among the top 10 in voting for the Heisman Trophy: Michigan State quarterback Earl Morrall (fourth), Michigan end Ron Kramer (eighth), and Iowa offensive lineman Cal Jones (10th).


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
Cassady also received the Maxwell Award and the UPI and Sporting News College Football Player of the Year awards.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards
Iowa guard Cal Jones won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football. He was the first Big Ten player to receive the award.


1955 Big Ten Conference football season, 1956 NFL Draft
The following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1956 NFL Draft:


1955 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1955 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen.


1955 Birthday Honours
They were announced on 3 June 1955, for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Pakistan, and for various members of Commonwealth forces in recognition of services in Korea during 1954–1955.


1955 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1955 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1955 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 9 June 1955.


1955 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1955 Bolivian Primera División
The 1955 Bolivian Primera División, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 11 teams. The champion was San José.


1955 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1955 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent in the 1955 college football season. The Eagles were led by fifth-year head coach Mike Holovak, and played their home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts and Fenway Park in Boston. Team captain John Miller went on to play four seasons in the National Football League.


1955 Boston College Eagles football team
The team won its first three games and was ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll after those three victories. The team suffered its first loss to Xavier, and one week later lost a close game to Miami by a 14–7 score at the Orange Bowl.


1955 Boston College Eagles football team
In the annual Green Line Rivalry game, Boston College gained 420 yards and defeated Boston University, 40–12, before a crowd of 25,827.


1955 Boston College Eagles football team
The final game of the season was a 26–7 victory over rivals Holy Cross in front of 37,235 fans in Fenway Park.


1955 Boston Red Sox season
The 1955 Boston Red Sox season was the 55th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 84 wins and 70 losses, 12 games behind the New York Yankees.


1955 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season
After finishing fourth — but 42 games behind the pennant-winning Cleveland Indians — in 1954, the 1955 Red Sox improved substantially, gaining 15 games in the win column (although again finishing fourth). The Red Sox played especially well throughout the early and middle parts of the season, seemingly in pennant contention for the first time since 1950. Much of the improvement was ascribed to rookie manager Pinky Higgins, promoted to Boston after eight years as a skipper in the team's farm system.


1955 Boston Red Sox season, Regular season
But the Red Sox' improvement on the field was overshadowed by the sudden illness and death, on June 27, of the team's sophomore first baseman, Harry Agganis. Perhaps the most celebrated Boston-area athlete of the 20th century, the Lynn, Massachusetts, native had starred in football as the quarterback of the Boston University Terriers before signing a professional baseball contract with the Red Sox. He was batting .313 in 83 at bats on June 2 when he was initially taken ill with pneumonia. He died less than four weeks later, at 26, of a massive pulmonary embolism.


1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1955 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1955 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its ninth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 2–6 record and was outscored by a total of 174 to 113.


1955 Boston mayoral election
The Boston mayoral election of 1955 occurred on Tuesday, November 8, 1955, between Mayor John B. Hynes and State Senator John E. Powers. Hynes was elected to his third term.


1955 Boston mayoral election
The nonpartisan municipal preliminary election was held on September 27, 1955.


1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled a 7–1–1 record (4–1–1 against MAC opponents), shut out five opponents, finished in second place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 224 to 53. The team's only loss was by a 7-0 score against MAC champion Miami.


1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team
Bo Schembechler was an assistant coach on Perry's staff during the 1955 season. Schembechler later said, "I don't believe I can name a coach, anywhere, anytime, anyhow, who did it better than Doyt Perry."


1955 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The team's statistical leaders were Jim Bryan with 499 passing yards, Carlos Jackson with 505 rushing yards, and Jack Hecker with 556 receiving yards. Jack Hecker was the team captain. Carlos Jackson received the team's Most Valuable Player award. The team established a team record (later tied by the 1957 team) by allowing only eight touchdowns in the entire season.


1955 Brazilian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1955. The result was a victory for Juscelino Kubitschek, who received 35.7% of the vote. Voter turnout was 59.7%.


1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background
After the suicide of Getúlio Vargas, his Vice President João Café Filho took office. Prior to Vargas' death, Brazil was living a time of intense political division, with the right-wing opposition National Democratic Union (UDN), high-level military officers and the mass media openly trying to depose him following the attempted assassination of right-wing journalist Carlos Lacerda, allegedly ordered by Vargas.


1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background
Juscelino Kubitschek, then Governor of Minas Gerais and a member of the pro-Vargas Social Democratic Party (PSD) announced his candidacy and built an alliance with the popular left-wing populist João Goulart of Vargas' Brazilian Labour Party (PTB), who was Vargas' former Minister of Labour and personal friend and who became cherished by the workers after granting a 100% increase in the minimum wage. A PSD-PTB coalition was then formed, with Kubitscheck as the presidential candidate and Goulart as his running mate.


1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background
The UDN, which wanted to do a more moderate and centrist image launched the candidacy of Juarez Távora, an old military officer. The party formed a multi-party coalition in order to defeat the PSD-PTB coalition, a coalition which included the Republican Party and the Christian Democratic Party.


1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background
The Social Progressive Party (PSP) candidate was its leader, the populist former São Paulo Governor Adhemar de Barros. The PSP had supported Vargas in 1950, helping him win, but Adhemar was known to have presidential ambitions of his own.


1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background
Also on the right, Plínio Salgado of the minor Party of Popular Representation (PRP) ran for president. Salgado was known for being the leader of Brazilian Integralism in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Integralismo was a far right movement described as a Brazilian branch of fascism.


1955 Brazilian presidential election, Background
During the campaign, Luís Carlos Prestes, leader of then illegal Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) recommended the tactical vote for the Kubitschek-Goulart ticket, an incident which increased the communist denunciations of the UDN and the media against the PSD-PTB campaign.


1955 British Grand Prix
The 1955 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Aintree on 16 July 1955. It was race 6 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers. British driver Stirling Moss led a Mercedes 1–2–3–4 domination of the race, to win his first Formula One race narrowly ahead of his illustrious Argentine teammate Juan Manuel Fangio. Several people, including Moss, believed that the Argentine allowed his British protégé to claim his debut win in front of his home crowd. This was, however, at Moss' inquiry, consistently denied by Fangio, who claimed that Moss "was simply faster that day."


1955 British Grand Prix
Subsequent to the race, the German, Swiss and Spanish Grands Prix were cancelled, in the wake of the Le Mans disaster. With only one Championship round therefore remaining (the Italian Grand Prix some 2 months later), Fangio's points advantage over Moss was sufficient to secure his third World Drivers' Championship.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition
The 1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition succeeded in climbing the 28,168-foot (8,586 m) Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world, for the first time. The expedition complied with a request from the Sikkim authorities that the summit should not be trodden on so the climbers deliberately stopped about five feet below the summit. George Band and Joe Brown reached the top on 25 May 1955, and they were followed the next day by Norman Hardie and Tony Streather. The expedition was led by Charles Evans who had been deputy leader on the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition
The expedition trekked from Darjeeling in India along the border with Sikkim and then through Nepal to the Yalung Valley. They unsuccessfully attempted a climbing route reconnoitred by a team led by John Kempe the year before but succeeded along a different route up the Yalung Face, one that Aleister Crowley's 1905 Kanchenjunga expedition had first attempted.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition
In mountaineering circles at the time and more recently, the climb is sometimes regarded as a greater achievement than the ascent of Mount Everest two years earlier.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Political
Following the ascent of Everest in 1953 and K2 in 1954, Kangchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world, had become the highest unclimbed mountain. The mountain is on the border between Nepal and Sikkim and can be approached from either side. It is the most widely visible of the 8000-metre peaks and can be well seen from Darjeeling in West Bengal. In 1955 Sikkim had a degree of control over its internal affairs and would not allow any attempt to climb the mountain. However, from 1950 Nepal had been permitting a few mountaineering expeditions, particularly enabling reconnaissance of routes to Everest, and were willing to allow an attempt on Kangchenjunga from the west.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Exploration
Kangchenjunga is a highly active mountain with avalanches constantly streaming down its sides. It is somewhat distanced from the line of the Himalayas and, because it is near where the monsoon approaches from the Bay of Bengal, the monsoon season persists longer than for any other of the eight-thousanders.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Exploration
Throughout the 20th century and from even before that time, the mountain had been explored by many teams and the two routes attempted in 1955 – up the Yalung Face of the mountain from the Yalung glacier – had been reconnoitred in 1905 by a Swiss team led by Jules Jacot-Guillarmod with Aleister Crowley as climbing leader and by John Kempe in 1954. Kempe's report led to the Alpine Club agreeing to sponsor a reconnaissance effort which might also attempt to reach the summit.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Background, Exploration
A detailed map of the region was produced by Marcel Kurz in 1931.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Team membership
The members of the team were led by Charles Evans (36 years of age at the time of the climb), who had been deputy leader on the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition. Norman Hardie (30 years), a New Zealander, was deputy leader and had explored the Barun Valley with Edmund Hillary in 1954. George Band (26 years), had been on the 1953 Mount Everest expedition and was responsible for food. Joe Brown (24 years), was an outstanding rock climber in Britain and the Alps. John Clegg (29 years) was the expedition doctor and an Alpine climber.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Team membership
John Jackson (34 years), with considerable Himalayan experience, had been on the 1954 Kangchenjunga reconnaissance expedition. Tom McKinnon (42 years), was the expedition photographer with considerable Himalayan experience. Neil Mather (28 years) was an ice and snow climber in the Alps. Tony Streather (29 years), with broad mountaineering experience including on the 1953 American Karakoram expedition, was responsible for porters and had knowledge of Hindustani. Dawa Tensing (about 45 years), was sirdar (chief Sherpa). He had been Evans' personal Sherpa on the 1952 Cho Oyu and 1953 Everest expeditions where he had twice reached the South Col. Annullu, deputy sirdar, had also been at the South Col in 1953. There were about 30 Sherpas from Solu Khumbu and 300 porters from Darjeeling.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Equipment
Considerable advances had been made in equipment in preparation for the 1953 Everest expedition and so changes for 1955 were less substantial. Rather than taking vacuum packed high-altitude food they took packs for ten-man-days to be shared out so individual tastes could be better accommodated. Their high-altitude boots were of a neater design which allowed for canvas overboots and crampons on top of the whole lot. Their oxygen equipment was improved in design. The climbers used supplemental oxygen above Camp 3 and the Sherpas above Camp 5.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Equipment
They took two closed-circuit sets, largely for experimental purposes but they relied on open-circuit which were also found to be generally more satisfactory. A set weighed only 80% of the Everest design. The flow valves were made of rubber to avoid problems of blockage by ice but unfortunately, when the rubber became cold and rigid overnight, the valves would leak badly when turned on in the morning. Early starts were sometimes delayed while the equipment was being warmed up.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Equipment
Another problem was that the climbers lost weight during the climb so that their face masks no longer fitted well and this also caused a waste of gas. Worse, the leak could cause their goggles to mist up – removing these, even just to wipe them, risked becoming snowblind. In all, 6 long tons (6.1 tonnes) of supplies had to be carried from Darjeeling.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, Expedition planning and departure, Departure for Darjeeling
Shortly before they sailed from Liverpool on 12 February 1955 they were told that for spiritual reasons the Sikkim government objected to any attempt at all to climb the mountain, even from Nepal, so before they departed Darjeeling Evans went to Gangtok to visit the Dewan (prime minister) with whom he reached a compromise that the expedition could go ahead provided that once they were sure of being able to reach the summit they would go no higher and they would not desecrate the vicinity of the summit.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp
They left Darjeeling on 14 March for the 16-mile (26 km) journey to Mane Bhanjyang transporting their baggage in a convoy of dilapidated trucks. This was the last large village on the road before their 10-day trek started on a track up to the crest of the Singalila Ridge from where, at 10,000 feet (3,000 m), there were three Indian government rest houses along the route north, the first being at Tonglu. At Phalut they turned west to enter the jungles of Nepal. After Chyangthapu they headed north again through intensively cultivated terraced land.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp
At Khebang (now Khewang)  there was a long climb up to the pass leading to the Yalung valley where there was again jungle, which eventually turned into the gravel outwash of the Yalung glacier. After Tseram (now Cheram) was the remains of a monastery at Ramser and near the terminal moraine of the 13-mile (21 km) Yalung glacier at 13,000 feet (4,000 m), the porters were paid off because the route up the glacier was too difficult for them. Yalung Camp was established as a substantial camp from where to acclimatise by climbing many nearby peaks.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp
Accurate theodolite measurements were taken of features in the vicinity of Kangchenjunga's Yalung, or southwest, face. A supply chain for food for the Sherpas – tsampa and atta – was organised from Ghunsa village two days carry away. Also, plans were made for the future moving of goods from Yalung to a base camp much higher up the glacier.


1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition, March-in and first base camp
The trek to Yalung Camp had taken 10 days and when they left after their acclimatisation period there was a four-day trek up the glacier to a base camp to be established at the foot of Kempe's Buttress, at the foot of the route suggested by the reconnaissance of the year before. Because the porters had been paid off the trek to base camp had to be done repeatedly in very poor weather. The left bank (southeastern side) of the glacier was subject to continual avalanches from Talung so they took the right bank even though the ice was very broken there.