1952 Open Championship
However he finished with two fives and Daly still had a chance to catch him, but Daly took a six at the 15th; despite finishing 3-4-4, he ended up two shots behind. Thomson seemed to be out of contention after going out in 36, six shots behind Locke at the same stage. However, he came home in 34 with a birdie three at the last to take second place from Daly, one stroke behind Locke.


1952 Open Championship
Henry Cotton had the best score on the final day (74-71=145), but had been thirteen behind Daly at 149 after the first two rounds and finished fourth. Jones partnered Locke on the final day and, despite rounds of 78 and 83, held onto the position of leading amateur, winning the silver medal.


1952 Open Championship
Only five Americans were in the field; the top finisher was Willie Goggin, in his first Open Championship at age 46, in a six-way tie for ninth. Gene Sarazen, the 1932 champion, tied for seventeenth at age 50.


1952 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round
Source:Amateurs: Jones (+16), Rawlinson (+18), Kyle (+19), De Lamaze (+20), Stranahan (+21), Morrell (+26)


1952 Orange Bowl
The 1952 Orange Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Baylor Bears.


1952 Orange Bowl, Background
Georgia Tech was co-champion of the Southeastern Conference with #1 Tennessee. Baylor finished 2nd in the Southwest Conference. This was Georgia Tech's first Orange Bowl since 1948, and Baylor's first ever Orange Bowl. Originally, the #13 Virginia Cavaliers had been invited to play Georgia Tech in what would have been the Cavaliers' first-ever bowl game. However, University president Colgate Darden declined the offer due to his desire to steer clear of "big-time, highly subsidized football." Virginia would not have its first bowl appearance until 1984.


1952 Orange Bowl, Background, Controversy
During the 1951 season, the football team of the University of San Francisco, nicknamed the Dons, went undefeated (9–0) and were ranked 14th in the final AP Poll. Accounts from players on the team state that the Dons were denied an invitation to the Orange Bowl because they refused to play without their two African-American star players, Ollie Matson and Burl Toler.


1952 Orange Bowl, Background, Controversy
Organizers of the Orange Bowl stated in 2016, "All our research shows it’s a false story, unsubstantiated. We invited two higher ranked teams." Contemporary newspaper reports at the time bowl selections were being made (late November 1951) cited the Dons' "weak schedule" as the reason why the Orange Bowl did not invite them.


1952 Orange Bowl, Game summary
Hardeman scored on a 3-yard run to give the Yellow Jackets a 7-0 lead. Parma tied the game on a 1-yard touchdown plunge for Baylor. Coody gave the team a 14-7 lead on his touchdown run. This lead held up for most of the second half. However, with 6:53 remaining in the game the Yellow Jackets tied the game on a 22-yard touchdown pass from Darrell Crawford to Buck Martin. Three minutes later, a Pete Ferris interception of a Larry Isbell pass gave Georgia Tech the ball at the 9. The team could only muster three yards before fourth down came up, with Dodd deciding to go for the field goal. Pepper Rodgers' 22 yard field goal broke the tie and ultimately was the winning points for the Yellow Jackets.


1952 Orange Bowl, Aftermath
Baylor has not reached the Orange Bowl since this game. Georgia Tech did not reach the Orange Bowl again until 1967.


1952 Oregon State Beavers baseball team
The 1952 Oregon State Beavers baseball team represented Oregon State College in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The Beavers played their home games at Coleman Field. The team was coached by Ralph Coleman in his 21st year at Oregon State.


1952 Oregon State Beavers baseball team
The Beavers won the District VIII playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Texas Longhorns.


1952 Oregon State Beavers football team
The 1952 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1952 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Kip Taylor, the Beavers compiled a 2–7 record (1–6 in PCC, last), and were outscored 267 to 123.


1952 Oregon State Beavers football team
The team played its home games at Multnomah Stadium in Portland, with one on campus at Bell Field in Corvallis, a 27–6 homecoming loss to Idaho in the last varsity game at the venue.


1952 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1952 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1952 college football season. In their second season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 2–7–1 record (2–5 against PCC opponents), finished in a tie for sixth place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents, 234 to 112. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.


1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Odisha Legislative Assembly were held on March 27, 1952. This election was officially known as the 1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952.


1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election, Political parties
6 National parties along with All India Ganatantra Parishad and 3 registered unrecognized parties took part in the assembly election. Indian National Congress emerged as the single largest party while All India Gantantra Parishad emerged as the main opponent to the Congress party.


1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election, Government Formation
In these elections, Congress emerged as the largest party, but did not get majority to form the government. Nabakrushna Choudhuri of the Congress party became the first Chief Minister of Odisha, after a series of re-alignments among independents.


1952 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1952 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the 46th water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played one-round match for the title.


1952 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1952 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), 2. Class
Qualification-Relegation play-offs: 1. Vasas Izzó 11, 2. Szegedi Dózsa 10, 3. Vasas Csepel Autó 9, 4. Miskolci Bástya 6, 5. Győri Vasas 2, 6. Székesfehérvári Dózsa 2, 7. Tolnai Vörös Lobogó 2 point.


1952 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), 2. Class
Budapest: 1. Vasas Izzó 27, 2. Csepeli Vasas 27, 3. Bp. Előre 20, 4. Vasas MÁVAG 20, 5. Vasas Beloiannisz-gyár 20, 6. III. ker. Vörös Lobogó 15, 7. Előre MÁVAUT 8, 8. Bp. Szikra 7, 9. Bp. Építők 0 point.


1952 Ottawa Rough Riders season
The 1952 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 3rd place in the IRFU with a 5–7 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.


1952 Ottawa municipal election
The city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 1, 1952.


1952 PGA Championship
The 1952 PGA Championship was the 34th PGA Championship, held June 18–25 at Big Spring Country Club in Louisville, Kentucky. Jim Turnesa won the match play championship, 1 up over Chick Harbert in the Wednesday final; the winner's share was $3,500 and the runner-up's was $1,500.


1952 PGA Championship
It was Turnesa's only major title; he had lost the final in 1942 to Sam Snead. It was the second loss for Harbert in the final, he lost to Jim Ferrier in 1947, but won the title in his third finals appearance in 1954. Turnesa did not lead through the first 35 holes, but won on the final green when Harbert bogeyed. Turnesa displaced Snead as the oldest PGA champion to date, at 39 years and six months. He was later passed by Jerry Barber at 45 in 1961 and Julius Boros in 1968 at age 48.


1952 PGA Championship
Battling an ailing back, defending champion Snead lost in the first round to Lew Worsham, who had defeated him in a playoff five years earlier at the 1947 U.S. Open. Heavy rains washed out play on Saturday and the completion of the third round was delayed until Sunday, and very hot temperatures endured through the final rounds.


1952 PGA Championship
The U.S. Open was played the preceding week, in Dallas, Texas, won by Boros. He was not technically eligible to play in the PGA Championship, because the rules at the time stated that eligibility was after five years of PGA membership and Boros only had three. Following his win at the U.S. Open, Boros was invited to play by the PGA executive committee, but sensing resentment and dissension among some of the other participants, he withdrew prior to his start time of the two-day qualifier on Wednesday.


1952 PGA Championship
Dutch Harrison was the medalist in the stroke-play qualifying with a 136 (−8) to win $250, but lost in the first round to Marty Furgol.


1952 PGA Championship
Turnesa's older brother Joe (1901–1991) was the runner-up in this championship a quarter century earlier in 1927, when Walter Hagen won his fourth consecutive, 1 up, and fifth overall.


1952 PGA Championship
This was the first major championship played in Kentucky. The PGA Championship returned to the state 44 years later in 1996, at Valhalla Golf Club east of Louisville. Valhalla also hosted just four years later in 2000 and in 2014.


1952 PGA Championship, Format
The match play format at the PGA Championship in 1952 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:


1952 PGA Championship, Format
Heavy rains on Saturday postponed the third round until Sunday; the final was played on Wednesday, June 25.


1952 Pacific Tigers football team
The 1952 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1952 college football season. Pacific played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California.


1952 Pacific Tigers football team
Pacific competed as an independent in 1952. In their second season under head coach Ernie Jorge, the Tigers finished the regular season with a record of six wins, three losses and one tie (6–3–1). At the end of the season, Pacific was invited to a New Years Day bowl game for the second consecutive year. On January 1, 1953 they played Mississippi Southern in the Sun Bowl, winning 26–7. That brought their record to seven wins, three losses and one tie (7–3–1). For the season they outscored their opponents 310–166.


1952 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL
No College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 Pacific hurricane season
The 1952 Pacific hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1952. Of the seven known tropical cyclones, all remained at sea.


1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
Tropical Storm One existed from May 29 to May 31.


1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two
Tropical Storm Two existed from June 12 to June 16.


1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three
Tropical Storm Three existed from July 19 to July 21.


1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
A hurricane developed on September 15 southwest of Baja California and dissipated seven days later. Moisture from Five produced 2 in (51 mm) of rainfall in the deserts and mountains of central and southern California.


1952 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six
Tropical Storm Six existed from September 26 to September 28.


1952 Pacific typhoon season
The 1952 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.


1952 Pacific typhoon season
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1952 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.


1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Charlotte
Typhoon Charlotte formed on June 10, near the Philippines. It then strengthened and made landfall as a minimal typhoon near Hong Kong before dissipating on June 15.


1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dinah
On June 23, Dinah struck to the west of the Kanto Region in Japan. 65 people were killed and 70 were missing.


1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Emma
Typhoon Emma hit the Philippines and South China, especially Hainan Island.


1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Trix
Typhoon Trix struck the Philippines as a Category 3 typhoon. It struck the Bicol region, killing 995 people.


1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Vae
After striking Vietnam, Vae crossed over to the North Indian Ocean before dissipating.


1952 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wilma
On October 26, ten people were lost when a USAF WB-29 disappeared during a flight into Super Typhoon Wilma.


1952 Palanca Awards
The Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1952 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).


1952 Panamanian general election
The Republic of Panama held a general election on 11 May 1952, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.


1952 Panamanian general election
A temporary shift in power from the civilian aristocracy to the National Police occurred immediately after World War II. Between 1948 and 1952, National Police Commander José Antonio Remón Cantera installed and removed presidents with unencumbered ease. Remón increased salaries and fringe benefits for his forces and modernized training methods and equipment; in effect, he transformed the National Police from a police into a paramilitary force. From several existing parties and factions, José Antonio Remón Cantera also organized the National Patriotic Coalition (CPN). He ran successfully as its candidate for the presidency in 1952.


1952 Panamanian general election, Aftermath
Remón followed national tradition by enriching himself through political office. He broke with tradition, however, by promoting social reform and economic development. His agricultural and industrial programs temporarily reduced the country's overwhelming economic dependence on the canal and the zone.


1952 Panamanian general election, Aftermath
The 1953 electoral reform law in effect reduced the field of political parties to lineal descendants of the old Liberals and Conservatives. The government had required parties to enroll 45,000 members to receive official recognition.


1952 Panamanian general election, Aftermath
Remón's reformist regime was short-lived, however. On 2 January 1955 he was machine-gunned to death at the racetrack outside Panama City. On 14 January the First Vice-President, José Ramón Guizado, was impeached for the crime and jailed, but he was never tried, and the motivation for his alleged act remained unclear. Some investigators believed that the impeachment of Guizado was a smokescreen to distract attention from others implicated in the assassination, including United States organized crime figure Lucky Luciano, dissident police officers, and both Arias families. The Second Vice-President, Ricardo Arias Espinosa (of the aristocratic Arias family), served out the remainder of the presidential term and dismantled many of Remón's reforms.


1952 Panamerican Championship
The 1952 Panamerican Championship was the first edition of the Panamerican Championship, the first attempt to join national teams from North, Central and South America. Organised by the Panamerican Football Confederation, this first edition was held in Santiago, Chile, between March 16 and April 20, in 1952.


1952 Panamerican Championship
The competition, contested by 6 teams, was played in a round-robin format, and won by Brazil. All the matches were played at Estadio Nacional.


1952 Panamerican Championship, Goalscorers
There were 72 goals scored in 15 matches, for an average of 4.8 goals per match.


1952 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1952 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 11 teams. The national champions were Presidente Hayes.


1952 Paris–Nice
The 1952 Paris–Nice was the tenth edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 25 March to 30 March 1952. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Louison Bobet.


1952 Paris–Roubaix
The 1952 Paris–Roubaix was the 50th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 13 April 1952 and stretched 245 km (152 mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Rik Van Steenbergen from Belgium.


1952 Paris–Tours
The 1952 Paris–Tours was the 46th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 5 October 1952. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Raymond Guegan.


1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly were held on 27 March 1952. 374 candidates competed for the 50 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 10 two-member constituencies and 40 single-member constituencies.


1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election, Results
Government Formation (United Democratic Front)After the elections, Congress party emerged as the single largest party, but in the absence of majority, Gian Singh Rarewala formed the government with the support of Akali Dal, Communist Party of India, Lal Communist Party Hind Union, Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party and Independents on 22 April 1952. The coalition was named as United Democratic Front. Thus, he became the first non-Congress Chief Minister of any state in independent India.


1952 Pau Grand Prix
The 1952 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 14 April 1952 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix served as the first round of the French Formula Two Championship and was won by Alberto Ascari, driving the Ferrari 500. Louis Rosier finished second and Jean Behra third.


1952 Penn Quakers football team
The 1952 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1952 college football season. In George Munger's 14th season as head coach, the Quakers compiled a 4–3–1 record, and outscored their opponents 122 to 107. They achieved a 1–0–1 record against ranked teams, knocking off top-ten Princeton and tying a Notre Dame team that would finish ranked third nationally.


1952 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team
The 1952 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 1952 NCAA baseball season. The head coach was Joe Bedenk, serving his 22nd year.


1952 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team
The Nittany Lions lost in the College World Series, defeated by the Holy Cross.


1952 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1952 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1952 college football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1952 Pepperdine Waves football team
The 1952 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1952 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach Duck Dowell and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with an overall record of 2–7 and a mark of 0–4 in conference play, placing last out of five teams in the CCAA.


1952 Peruvian Primera División
The 1952 season of the Primera División Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Alianza Lima.


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1952 Philadelphia Athletics season saw the A's finish fourth in the American League with a record of 79 wins and 75 losses. They finished 16 games behind the eventual World Series Champion New York Yankees. The Athletics' 1952 campaign would be their final winning season in Philadelphia; it would also be their only winning season of the 1950s. The Athletics would have to wait until 1968, their first season in Oakland, for their next winning record.


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
The Athletics improved 9 games from their 70–84 record in 1951 and improved to 4th in the American League. A Most Valuable Player season was turned in by left-handed pitcher Bobby Shantz and the A.L. batting championship was won by Ferris Fain with a .320 batting average.


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
Gus Zernial hit 29 home runs and drove in 100 RBI while Eddie Joost chipped in 20 HRS and 75 RBI. However, outside Bobby Shantz, who went 24–7, their best pitcher record-wise was Harry Byrd, with a 15–15 record. They finished 16 games behind the New York Yankees. This would also be the last time that the Athletics would finish with a winning record until 1968, when the team began playing in Oakland.


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1952 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 20th in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 4–8, winning seven games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season
Head coach Wayne Millner took over, for ailing head coach Bo McMillin in 1951, would resign on September 8, 3 weeks before the 1952 season started, citing health as the reason for stepping down.


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft
The 1952 NFL Draft was held on January 17, 1952. Picks made by New York Yanks were assigned to the new Dallas Texans franchise. There were 12 teams picking for 32 rounds.


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft
The Eagles made the 4th pick in each round and made 31 picks in the 32 rounds they had picks in. The New York Yanks had the Eagles pick in the 5th round.


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft
The Los Angeles Rams received this year's lottery bonus pick. The Rams used it to pick Bill Wade a quarterback out of Vanderbilt University. The Eagles used their number-4 pick in the 1st round to take Johnny Bright a back of Drake University. Johnny Bright, was chosen before fellow backs and future NFL Pro Football Hall of Fame members Frank Gifford from University of Southern California and Hugh McElhenny out of University of Washington, passed up playing for the Eagles. Bright later commented:


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, NFL Draft
I would have been their (the Eagles') first Negro player. There was a tremendous influx of Southern players into the NFL at that time, and I didn't know what kind of treatment I could expect.


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off season, Player selections
The table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Week 5 at New York Giants
at Polo Grounds, Upper Manhattan, New York City, New York


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Game recaps, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Playoffs
With a record of 7–5, the Eagles fall one game back of Cleveland and failed to make the playoffs. The Detroit Lions and Los Angeles Rams would tie for the National Division title and had to play a Division Championship game before meeting Cleveland in the 1952 NFL Championship Game


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster
(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)


1952 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason
At the end of the season, Bud Grant was offered a pay raise in his contract. He chose to play football in the CFL(Canadian Football League) instead. He had a career worthy of being named to the CFL's Hall of Fame as a player. Later on he made the Pro Football Hall of Fame as coach of the Minnesota Vikings.


1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason
In March 1952, during spring training, shortstop Granny Hamner was named captain of the team by manager Eddie Sawyer.


1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1952 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1952 college football season. The team compiled a 6–3 record under head coach Red Dawson.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the team's 71st season in Major League Baseball, and their 66th season in the National League. The Pirates posted a record of 42 wins and 112 losses, their worst record since 1890, and one of the worst in major league history.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Offseason
The Pirates were led in 1952 by 70-year-old general manager Branch Rickey and 60-year-old manager Billy Meyer. Meyer had led Pittsburgh to a last-place finish in the National League in 1950. After Rickey was installed as general manager, the Pirates were second-to-last in 1951. Tension was high as the two-year contract of their star slugger, Ralph Kiner, expired before the 1952 season. Kiner was the premier power hitter in baseball, having won the previous six National League home run titles. Rickey voiced what he viewed as inconsistent levels of commitment by Kiner when talking to the media.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Offseason
Kiner received permission to instead negotiate directly with owner John W. Galbreath and agreed to a reported one-year, $90,000 contract, making him the highest-paid player in the National League. Kiner was signed, but the most famous Pirate of all, 78-year-old Hall of Fame member Honus Wagner, decided to retire from his part-time coaching duties with the team. His number was retired, and he was given a lifetime pass to Forbes Field.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Offseason
Rickey wanted to hold a tryout for dozens of kids from the low minor league levels, and his plan was largely supported by Bing Crosby and the rest of the team's ownership. Rickey hired his former scout and coach Clyde Sukeforth, who had scouted Jackie Robinson for Rickey in the 1940s. Several top young prospects, like Vern Law and Danny O'Connell, were called to military service for the Korean War, and the more experienced Danny Murtaugh retired to accept a minor league managing position. Expectations were high for 23-year-old outfielder Gus Bell to support Kiner in the lineup. Murry Dickson, who had won 21 games in 1951, nearly a third of the entire team's win total, was once again expected to be the anchor of the pitching rotation.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget
The Pirates struggled throughout spring training in 1952. Gus Bell missed training time due to family-related car problems and illness and was sent to the minor leagues. Towards the end of spring training, pitcher Bill Werle was suspended indefinitely and fined $500, only the third player fined in over two decades of Billy Meyer's managing career. Werle professed his innocence and was reinstated before Opening Day but he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals two weeks later.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget
Thirteen rookies made the Pirates' Opening Day roster, including four teenagers: Bobby Del Greco, Tony Bartirome, Jim Waugh and Lee Walls. After four games, Pittsburgh's record was 2–2 but they quickly tumbled to the bottom of the majors by losing 16 of their next 17 games. The early two-game winning streak matched the longest they would see all year. Their top three pitchers combined to win just one of their first nine games started. Kiner's hitting was affected by the lack of support as well as back problems and his batting average was under .220 several weeks into the season.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget
Kiner's difficulties and a club earned run average over five resulted in a 5–28 record in mid-May. Gus Bell returned from the minors on May 12 and hit for some power but Kiner hit only .241 with 13 home runs and 31 RBIs in the first half which ended with Pittsburgh at 21–59. 21-year-old Dick Groat was one of the Pirates' few bright spots in the first half with four hits in his first three games, but others went into long slumps like Jack Merson's 0-for-35, Clyde McCullough's 0-for-24 and Tony Bartirome's 0-for-29.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget
The second half soon resembled the first with a 2–11 stretch in mid-July. They were mathematically eliminated from pennant contention on August 6 with more than six weeks left to play. In early August, Pittsburgh called up 20-year-old pitcher Ron Necciai from the minors. Necciai had pitched a legendary 27-strikeout game in the minors but gave up five runs in his first inning in the majors. Necciai not only finished the season with poor numbers but also injured his arm and never again pitched in the majors. Branch Rickey's youth movement, derided as "Operation Peach Fuzz", continued unabated.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget
On August 20, the average age of Pittsburgh's starting lineup was only 23 with Kiner and Garagiola being the only non-rookies. On September 5, pitcher Bill Bell made his major league debut at age 18. Including Bell, seven of the eight youngest players in the National League in 1952 were Pittsburgh Pirates. The "Rickey Dinks", as they were sometimes called, were not only young but small. In one game, the entire infield was less than six feet tall.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget
The Pirates difficulties reached off the field as well. Ralph Kiner, enduring his worst season to-date, received a death threat in an attempt to extort $6,200. Rather than pay, he contacted the authorities and was kept under guard for a time. Financially, Pittsburgh's attendance was the lowest since World War II, falling more than 30% short of the one million budgeted. Branch Rickey sometimes saved money by sending only 21 players on road trips. The final losses for the franchise, including minor leagues and bonuses, were $800,000.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, A season to forget
Billy Meyer resigned as manager on September 27, the second-to-last day of the season.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results
When the season mercifully ended, Pittsburgh's final record was 42–112. The winning percentage and number of losses were the worst for the franchise since the 1890 season (which was greatly affected by the inclusion of the Players' League) and the worst for any franchise since the 1935 Boston Braves. Since 1952, the only non-expansion team to finish worse has been the 2003 Detroit Tigers.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results
A few individuals came away with positive notes. A late-season home run surge by Ralph Kiner brought him his seventh consecutive home run championship (he finished tied with Hank Sauer with 37 on the year). It was also his last. Dick Groat finished at .284 and was third in National League Rookie of the Year voting. Joe Garagiola logged the most playing time of his career and hit .273 with a career-high 54 RBIs, third most on the team behind only Kiner and Gus Bell.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results
On the flipside, teenagers Tony Bartirome and Bobby Del Greco were regulars but neither hit over .220. Seven other players had at least 40 at-bats but hit under .200. Kiner's home run total (37) was more than the next four highest on the team combined (16, 8, 7, 5). As a team, Pittsburgh was last in the National League in runs, hits, doubles, triples, home runs, RBIs, batting average, slugging percentage, complete games, ERA, walks allowed, home runs allowed, fielding percentage and errors committed. Murry Dickson, who won 21 games in 1951, lost 20 games in 1952, going 14–20. Only three other pitchers won more than two games. The pitching staff walked 615 opposing batters while striking out only 564, with 16 different players starting a game during the season.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Final results
Among their young players, only Jim Waugh – the youngest – played in the majors again before 1955. Waugh played in 1953, his last year; Ron Necciai and Tony Bartirome never played in the majors after 1952; Bill Bell pitched one inning in 1955, his last; and Bobby Del Greco, Lee Walls and Ron Kline had longer careers but not until several years later. Dick Groat and pitcher Bob Friend were the only players to endure the 1952 season who also played with the 1960 World Series champion Pirates.


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season, Season summary, Anecdotes, etc.
The failure of the 1952 Pirates was the source of several anecdotes and side-stories. Pittsburgh Press writer Len Biederman recalled an earlier humorous practice by giving Dick Groat a dime while he was in an 0-for-19 slump. When Groat broke out of the slump with a 5-for-5 game, Biederman gave Kiner a quarter with similar positive results so Biederman continued giving coins to various Pirates. Joe Garagiola, the regular catcher for the 1952 Pirates, frequently used the team's struggles in his later career as a baseball sportscaster with lines like, "They talk about Pearl Harbor being something; they should have seen the 1952 Pittsburgh Pirates" and "In an eight-team league, we should've finished ninth."


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season
The 1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 20th in the National Football League they finished the season with a 5–7 record under head coach Joe Bach, who returned to the organization replacing John Michelosen.


1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season
The season was notable in that it was the last year the Steelers used the single-wing formation on offense, switching to the T formation the following year. The Steelers were the last NFL team to use the single-wing as their primary offensive formation.


1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10 (Sunday November 30, 1952): New York Giants
Notes: Tom Landry was brought in as a 3rd string quarterback for New York to complete the game for the entire 2nd half.


1952 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1952 Polish legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 26 October 1952. They were the first elections to the Sejm, the parliament of the Polish People's Republic. The official rules for the elections were outlined in the new Constitution of the Polish People's Republic and lesser acts. The Front of National Unity received 99.8% of the vote and won every seat in the Sejm, a result that was to be repeated in parliamentary elections until 1989.


1952 Polish legislative election, Background
The communists had spent the five years since winning the rigged 1947 elections tightening their grip on the country. A little more than a year after the election, what remained of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), nominally a partner in the communist-dominated "coalition," merged with the communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) to form the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). However, the merger was concluded almost entirely on PPR terms and by this time the PPS was largely subservient to the PPR. Despite this, former socialist Józef Cyrankiewicz remained as prime minister. By 1949, the Polish People's Party (PSL), which had led the opposition in 1947, had been emasculated when it was forced to merge with the splinter pro-communist People's Party to form the United People's Party (ZSL).


1952 Polish legislative election, Background
PPR leader Władysław Gomułka, who had been largely responsible for the PPR's heavy-handed suppression of opposition, believed he was now free to pursue a more independent course. He wanted to adapt the Soviet blueprint to Polish circumstances and considered himself to be both a communist and a Polish patriot. He was also wary of the Cominform, and opposed forced collectivization of agriculture. However, he was pushed out as party leader in 1948, accused of "rightist-nationalist deviation." He was succeeded by President Bolesław Bierut, a hardline Stalinist.


1952 Polish legislative election, Conduct
The election set the tone for all subsequent elections held during Communist rule in Poland. As would be the case with all future elections, only PZPR-allowed candidates participated, and the results were falsified as needed. Along with the 1947 election, the 1952 election is considered among the least free of elections held in communist Poland. This was typical of the era of Stalinization. The Bierut government, like its kindred regimes in the rest of the Soviet bloc, was determined to tighten its control over society as much as possible.


1952 Polish legislative election, Conduct
All opposition parties had been either eliminated or driven underground by this time. The regime's opponents were persecuted. Voters were presented with a single list from the Front of National Unity (FJN), comprising the  PZPR and its two satellite parties, the Democratic Party (SD) and the ZSL. The number of candidates permitted to run in the elections was equal to the number of seats in parliament.


1952 Polish legislative election, Conduct
There were 425 seats. The number of seats would be increased in the subsequent elections. In return for accepting the "leading role" of the PZPR—a condition of their continued existence—the minor parties in the Front received a fixed number of seats in the Sejm.


1952 Polish legislative election, Results
The official results showed that 99.8% of the voters approved the FJN list. Candidates from the FJN parties took 91.2% of the Sejm seats, with 8.7% falling to nominal independents. Within the FJN, the PZPR won an absolute majority with 273 seats (64.2% total), its best result both in total number of seats and percentage of the Sejm controlled. However, as the other parties and "independents" were completely subservient to the PZPR, communist control of the Sejm was complete. In later years, the communist-dominated lists would be credited with between 98 and 99% of the vote, a practice continued until 1989.


1952 Polish legislative election, Results
The term of the Sejm elected in 1951 was due to end in 1956, but due to political shifts in Poland, the next elections took place in early 1957 in a more liberal atmosphere, although still not free.


1952 Port Melbourne state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Port Melbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly was held on Saturday 15 March 1952. The by-election was triggered by the death of Labor member Tom Corrigan on 19 January 1952.


1952 Port Melbourne state by-election
The candidates were Stan Corrigan (Tom Corrigan's son) for the Labor Party, William Bird (secretary of the Melbourne branch of the Seamen's Union) for the Communist Party, and Kenneth Cole for the Liberal and Country Party. Labor retained the seat with Corrigan winning by a large majority.


1952 Primera División de Chile
The 1952 Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Profesional was first tier’s 20th season. Everton were the tournament’s champions.


1952 Primera División de Chile, Scores, Matches 1–22
During matches 1–22 each team played every other team twice.


1952 Primera División de Chile, Scores, Matches 23–33
During matches 23–33 each team played every other team once. This means that during matches 1-33 each team played every other team 3 times.


1952 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1952 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1952 college football season. In their eighth year under head coach Charlie Caldwell, the Tigers compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents 297 to 74. Frank M. McPhee was the team captain.


1952 Princeton Tigers football team
The Tigers were ranked No. 12 in the preseason AP poll and stayed in the top 20 until suffering their only loss of the year, in mid-October. They then re-entered the rankings in mid-November and finished the year as the only ranked Ivy Group team.


1952 Princeton Tigers football team
Princeton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.


1952 Pro Bowl
The 1952 Pro Bowl was the NFL's second annual all-star game which featured the league's outstanding performers from the 1951 season. The game was played on January 12, 1952, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 19,400 fans. The National Conference squad defeated the American Conference by a score of 30–13.


1952 Pro Bowl
The National team was led by the Los Angeles Rams' Joe Stydahar while Paul Brown of the Cleveland Browns coached the American stars. Los Angeles Rams running back Dan Towler was named the game's outstanding player.


1952 Pro Bowl
Each player on the victorious National roster received $600, while the losing American players took away $500 each.


1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum
A referendum on a new constitution was held in Puerto Rico on 3 March 1952. It was approved by 81.9% of voters. This was considered by many U.S. and Puerto Rican politicians an affirmation of the new constitution of the island as an Estado Libre Associado, or Commonwealth, as proposed by legislation in 1950 by the United States Congress after negotiation with its political leaders. Puerto Rican nationalists question the meaning of the referendum, complaining that the only alternative offered was direct U.S. rule, and no choice of independence was offered. In 1980, the Supreme Court of the United States adjudicated (Harris v. Rosario) that as a result of this referendum of 1952, the actual territorial status was not changed at all.


1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum
On November 1, 1950 two Puerto Rican Nationalists had attempted assassination of the United States President Harry S. Truman. They claimed they were retaliating for U.S. cooperation in repressing 1950 nationalist revolts on the island. Truman's stated motive for supporting for the plebiscite was that residents of the island could express their opinion of preferred status, but since independence was not offered, nationalists question Truman's stated motive. An overwhelming majority approved the commonwealth over the alternative of  return to direct U.S. rule.


1952 Puerto Rican general election
The 1952 Puerto Rican general elections were held in Puerto Rico on 4 November 1952. Luis Muñoz Marín of the Popular Democratic Party was re-elected as governor, whilst the PPD also won a majority of the vote in the House of Representatives elections. Voter turnout in the House elections was 72.5%.


1952 Puerto Rican referendum
A double referendum was held in Puerto Rico on 4 November 1952. Voters were asked whether they approved of amendments to the constitution regarding federal order and whether private schools should be financed with public money. Both were approved by 87.8% of voters.


1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952. 842 candidates contested for the 105 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 21 two-member constituencies and 84 single-member constituencies.


1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization
On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Patiala & East Punjab States Union was merged with Punjab. Thus the assembly constituencies were increased from 105 with 126 seats in 1952 to 121 with 154 seats in 1957 elections.


1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1952 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 4–3–2 record, finished in a tie with Wisconsin for first place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4–1–1 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 188 to 151.


1952 Purdue Boilermakers football team
Notable players on the 1952 Purdue team included quarterback Dale Samuels, end Bernie Flowers, center Walter Cudzik, and tackle Fred Preziosio. Flowers was selected as a consensus first-team end on the 1952 College Football All-America Team.


1952 Quebec general election
The 1952 Quebec general election was held on July 16, 1952, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Union Nationale, led by Maurice Duplessis, won re-election, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Georges-Émile Lapalme.


1952 Quebec general election
This was the fourth time (and the third in a row) that Duplessis led his party to a general election victory.


1952 Quebec general election
The number of seats won by the Liberals, and their share of the popular vote, were considerably increased over the previous election in 1948.


1952 Quebec general election, Results
1 including results of Union des Électeurs from previous election.


1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 26th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 17 February 1952 and 17 March 1952 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.


1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1952, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 5-11 to 4-02 defeat of Connacht in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 20th Railway Cup title overall and their fifth title in succession.


1952 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
Munster's Christy Ring was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-05.


1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly were held on February 29, 1952. 616 candidates contested for the 140 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 20 two-member constituencies and 120 single-member constituencies.


1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, Results
* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh.


1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization
On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh. This resulted in the change in assembly constituencies from 140 with 160 seats to 136 with 176 seats in 1957 assembly elections.


1952 Republican National Convention
The 1952 Republican National Convention was held at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois from July 7 to 11, 1952, and nominated the popular general and war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower of New York, nicknamed "Ike," for president and the anti-communist crusading Senator from California, Richard M. Nixon, for vice president.


1952 Republican National Convention
The Republican platform pledged to end the unpopular war in Korea, supported the development of nuclear weapons as a deterrence strategy, to fire all "the loafers, incompetents and unnecessary employees" at the State Department, condemned the Roosevelt and Truman administrations' economic policies, supported retention of the Taft–Hartley Act, opposed "discrimination against race, religion or national origin", supported "Federal action toward the elimination of lynching", and pledged to bring an end to communist subversion in the United States.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, Keynote speech
The keynote speech was delivered by MacArthur, who had become a hero to Republicans after President Truman relieved him of command in 1951 because of their disagreement about how to prosecute the Korean War, and had hopes of obtaining the presidential nomination. In his address, MacArthur condemned the Truman administration for America's perceived loss of status on the international stage, including criticism of the Yalta Conference and the administration's handling of the war in Korea. MacArthur also criticized Truman on the domestic front, blaming his administration for wages that failed to keep pace with post-World War II inflation. The speech was not well received, and did nothing to aid MacArthur's presidential campaign. He curtailed his post-convention speeches and remained out of the public eye until after the election.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting
The contest for the presidential nomination was expected to be a battle between the party's moderate to liberal and conservative wings. Moderate and liberal Republicans (the "Eastern Establishment"), led by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the party's unsuccessful presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948, were largely supporters of Eisenhower or Warren. The conservative wing was led by Taft, who had unsuccessfully tried for the presidential nomination in 1940 and 1948.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting
In a pre-convention fight over the seating of delegates, Eisenhower supporters charged the Taft campaign with improperly seeking to obtain delegates from Texas, Georgia and Louisiana, states that were part of the Democratic Party's "Solid South" where Republicans had little or no organization because they traditionally did not do well in general elections. The Taft-dominated Republican National Committee supported Taft in the dispute. When delegate committees met to consider the issue before the convention convened, they sustained Eisenhower's position. Stripped of 42 delegates from the disputed states, Taft's backers realized their chances of beating Eisenhower were slim.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting
In his remarks during the delegate fight, Taft supporter Everett Dirksen harshly criticized Dewey and the moderate to liberal wing of the party, which had dominated it since 1940. In describing the party's failed presidential campaigns of 1940, 1944 and 1948, he pointed at Dewey, who was seated with the New York delegation, and shouted "We followed you before and you took us down the path to defeat!" Dirksen's condemnation of Dewey touched off sustained anti-Dewey and pro-Taft demonstrations.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting
Dirksen nominated Taft. Eisenhower was nominated by Maryland Governor Theodore McKeldin, who made obvious overtures to the conservative wing by mentioning Eisenhower's Midwestern Kansas roots and the fact that he had begun attendance at the United States Military Academy during the presidential administration of Robert Taft's father, William Howard Taft. McKeldin described Eisenhower's career at the highest levels of the military as evidence that he was able to assume the responsibilities of the presidency immediately and his international renown as an asset that would enable the party to unify its disparate wings and make inroads among Democratic and independent voters. McKeldin's nomination was seconded by Kansas Governor Edward F. Arn, Oregon Republican Party Chairman Robert A. Elliott, Mrs. Alberta Green, a delegate from West Plains, Missouri, and Hobson R. Reynolds, a state legislator from Philadelphia.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting
After the nominations were completed, including speeches on behalf of Earl Warren, Harold Stassen, and Douglas MacArthur, the delegates proceeded to vote. After the first ballot, Eisenhower had 595 votes, nine short of the nomination, which required 604. Taft had 500, Warren 81, Stassen 20, and MacArthur 10. Warren's backers refused to change their votes to Eisenhower because they still hoped for a deadlock that might enable Warren to obtain the nomination as a compromise choice. Stassen had not received 10 percent of the vote, which freed his home state Minnesota delegates from their pledge to support him. Most of the Stassen delegates, led by Warren E. Burger, changed their votes to Eisenhower, which gave him 614 votes and the presidential nomination. Other delegations then began to switch to Eisenhower, and the revised first ballot total was:


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting
After the revised totals were announced, Taft and Warren supporters moved to unanimously nominate Eisenhower, which the delegates did. As soon as Eisenhower was nominated, he visited Taft personally to request his endorsement and obtain a promise that Taft would support the Republican ticket. Taft immediately agreed, and loyally backed Eisenhower during the general election campaign.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential
Senator Richard M. Nixon's speech at a state Republican Party fundraiser in New York City on May 8, 1952 impressed Governor Thomas E. Dewey, who was an Eisenhower supporter and had formed a pro-Eisenhower delegation from New York to attend the national convention. In a private meeting after the speech, Dewey suggested to Nixon that he would make a suitable vice presidential candidate on the ticket with Eisenhower.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential
Nixon attended the convention as a delegate pledged to Earl Warren and represented California on the convention's platform committee. In pre-convention remarks to reporters, Nixon touted Warren as the most prominent dark horse and suggested that if Warren was not the presidential nominee, Nixon's Senate colleague William Knowland would be a good choice for vice president. As the convention proceedings continued, Warren became concerned that Nixon was working for Eisenhower while ostensibly pledged to Warren.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential
Warren asked Paul H. Davis of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, who had been a vice president at Columbia University while Eisenhower was the school's president, to tell Eisenhower that Warren resented such actions and wanted them to stop. Eisenhower informed Davis that he didn't oppose Warren, because if Taft and Eisenhower deadlocked, then Warren would be his first choice for the nomination.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential
In the same conversation, Eisenhower indicated that if he won the nomination, Nixon would be his first choice for the vice presidency, because Eisenhower believed the party needed to promote leaders who were aggressive, capable, and young. Eisenhower later developed a list of seven potential candidates, with Nixon's name at the top.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential
After Eisenhower was nominated, his key supporters met to discuss vice presidential possibilities. Eisenhower informed the group's chairman, Herbert Brownell Jr. that he did not wish to appear to dictate to the convention by formally sponsoring a single candidate, so the group reviewed several, including Taft, Everett Dirksen, and Alfred E. Driscoll, all of whom they quickly rejected. Dewey then raised Nixon's name; the group quickly concurred. Brownell checked with Eisenhower, who indicated his approval. Brownell then called Nixon to inform him that he was Eisenhower's choice. Nixon accepted, then departed for Eisenhower's hotel room to discuss the details of the campaign and Eisenhower's plans for his vice president if the ticket was successful in the general election.


1952 Republican National Convention, Presidential candidates, The balloting, Vice presidential
The delegates soon assembled to formalize the selection. Nixon asked Knowland to nominate him, and Knowland agreed. After Taft supporter John W. Bricker declined Nixon's request to second the nomination, Driscoll agreed to do so. There were no other candidates, and Nixon was nominated by acclamation.


1952 Republican National Convention, Television coverage
The 1952 Republican convention was the first political convention to be televised live, coast-to-coast. Experiments in regionally broadcasting conventions took place during the Republican and Democratic conventions in 1948; however, 1952 was the first year in which networks carried nationwide coverage of political conventions. Fixed cameras were placed at the back and the sides of the International Amphitheatre for the press to use collectively. None of these offered a straight shot of the podium on stage, so many networks supplemented their coverage with shots from their own portable cameras.


1952 Republican National Convention, Television coverage
The impact of the Republican Convention broadcast was an immediate one. After carefully watching the Republican Convention, the Democratic Party made last-minute alterations to their convention held in the same venue to make their broadcast more appealing to television audiences. They constructed a tower in the center of the convention hall to allow for a better shot of the podium, and Democrats exercised more control over camera shots and the conduct of delegates in front of the cameras.


1952 Republican National Convention, Television coverage
By 1956, the effect of television further affected both the Republican and Democratic conventions. Conventions were compacted in length, with daytime sessions being largely eliminated and the amount of welcoming speeches and parliamentary organization speeches being decreased (such as seconding speeches for vice-presidential candidates, which were eliminated). Additionally, conventions were given overlying campaign themes, and their sessions were scheduled in order to maximize exposure to prime-time audience. To provide a more telegenic broadcast, convention halls were decked out in banners and other decorations, and television cameras were positioned at more flattering angles.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
From March 11 to June 3, 1952, delegates were elected to the 1952 Republican National Convention.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
The fight for the 1952 Republican nomination was largely between Eisenhower, who became the candidate of the party's liberal eastern establishment, and Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio, the longtime leader of the GOP's conservative wing. The moderate Eastern Republicans were led by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the party's nominee in 1944 and 1948.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
The moderates tended to be interventionists who felt that the United States needed to fight the Cold War overseas and resist the aggression of the Soviet Union in Eurasia; they were also willing to accept most aspects of the social welfare state created by the New Deal in the 1930s. The moderates were also concerned with ending the GOP's losing streak in presidential elections; they felt that the personally popular Eisenhower had the best chance of beating the Democrats.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
The conservative Republicans led by Senator Taft were based in the Midwestern United States and parts of the Southern United States. The conservatives wanted to abolish many of the New Deal welfare programs; in foreign policy they were often non-interventionists, who believed that America should avoid alliances with foreign powers. Senator Taft had been a candidate for the GOP nomination in 1940 and 1948, but had been defeated both times by moderate Republicans from New York.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
Taft, who was 62 when the campaign began, freely admitted that 1952 was his last chance to win the nomination, and this led his supporters to work hard for him. Taft's weakness, which he was never able to overcome, was the fear of many party bosses that he was too conservative and controversial to win a presidential election.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
Notable was the absence of Dewey. He strongly supported Eisenhower and played an important role in persuading him to run and helping him win the nomination. Dewey used his powerful political machine to win "Ike" the support of delegates in New York and elsewhere.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
Two other major candidates, but not so strong as Eisenhower or Taft, for the nomination were Governor of California and Dewey's 1948 running-mate Earl Warren, and former Governor of Minnesota Harold Stassen.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
In the general election on November 4, Eisenhower and his running mate, Senator Richard Nixon of California defeated the Democratic party's ticket of Governor Adlai Stevenson II of Illinois, and Senator John Sparkman of Alabama


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates
The following leaders were candidates for the 1952 Republican presidential nomination:


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates
These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates, Bypassing primaries
The following candidates did not place their name directly on the ballot for any state's presidential primary, but may have sought to influence selection of un-elected delegates or support of uncommitted delegates.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Favorite sons
The following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Declined to run
The following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries
Eisenhower scored a major victory in the New Hampshire primary when his supporters wrote his name onto the ballot, giving him an upset victory over Taft. However, from there until the Republican Convention the primaries were divided fairly evenly between the two men, and by the time the convention opened the race for the nomination was still too close to call.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention
When the 1952 Republican National Convention opened in Chicago, most political experts rated Taft and Eisenhower as neck-and-neck in the delegate vote totals. Eisenhower's managers, led by Governor Dewey and Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., accused Taft of "stealing" delegate votes in Southern states such as Texas and Georgia. They claimed that Taft's leaders in these states had illegally refused to give delegate spots to Eisenhower supporters and put Taft delegates in their place. Lodge and Dewey proposed to evict the pro-Taft delegates in these states and replace them with pro-Eisenhower delegates; they called this proposal "Fair Play".


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention
Although Taft and his supporters angrily denied this charge, the convention voted to support Fair Play 658–548, and Taft lost many Southern delegates; this decided the nomination in Eisenhower's favor. However, the mood at the convention was one of the most bitter and emotional in American history; in one speech Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois, a Taft supporter, pointed at Governor Dewey on the convention floor and accused him of leading the Republicans "down the road to defeat", and mixed boos and cheers rang out from the delegates.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention
In the end Eisenhower took the nomination on the first ballot; to heal the wounds caused by the battle he went to Taft's hotel suite and met with him. The Convention then chose young Senator Richard Nixon of California as Eisenhower's running mate; it was felt that Nixon's credentials as a slashing campaigner and anti-Communist would be valuable.


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention
Most historians now believe that Eisenhower's nomination was primarily due to the feeling that he was a "sure winner" against the Democrats; most of the delegates were conservatives who would probably have supported Taft if they felt he could have won the general election. The balloting at the Republican Convention went: (Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records, pp. 280–286):


1952 Republican Party presidential primaries, Primaries, Statewide contests by winner, Republican National Convention
Freshman California Senator Richard Nixon was nominated for Vice President, also with notable Dewey's support. Republican politicians thought that his political experience, aggressive style (he was known as strongly anti-communist) and political base on the West would help political newcomer Eisenhower.


1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection
This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1952 election. After defeating Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft for the Republican presidential nomination at the 1952 Republican National Convention, General Dwight D. Eisenhower needed to choose a running mate. Taft recommended Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen, but Eisenhower rejected the suggestion.


1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection
Eisenhower and his advisers put together a list of prominent Republicans who were acceptable to both the conservative Taft and liberal Dewey wings of the party, anti-Communist, talented at campaigning, relatively young (to balance Eisenhower's age), and who contributed to Eisenhower's nomination victory. After conferring with Republican Party leaders, Eisenhower decided to ask California Senator Richard Nixon to be his running mate; Nixon accepted the offer. Nixon had carefully campaigned for the post of vice president since meeting Eisenhower in 1951, and Nixon helped deliver the California delegation to Eisenhower in the presidential ballot.


1952 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection
The Republican convention ratified Eisenhower's choice of Nixon. Months after the convention, Eisenhower considered asking Nixon to step down as running mate due to controversy surrounding campaign expenses, but Nixon rallied public opinion with his Checkers speech and remained on the ticket. The Eisenhower-Nixon ticket won the 1952 election, as well as the 1956 election, defeating the Stevenson-Sparkman and Stevenson-Kefauver tickets, respectively.


1952 Rhode Island Rams football team
The 1952 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its second, non-consecutive season under head coach Hal Kopp, the team compiled a 7–1 record (3–1 against conference opponents), finished in a three-way tie for the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 215 to 85. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.


1952 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1952 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952. Incumbent Democrat Dennis J. Roberts defeated Republican nominee Raoul Archambault Jr. with 52.62% of the vote.


1952 Rice Owls football team
The 1952 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1952 college football season. The Owls were led by 13th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at  Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. The team competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing in second.


1952 Roller Hockey World Cup
The 1952 Roller Hockey World Cup was the eighth roller hockey world cup, organized by the Fédération Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 10 national teams (9 from Europe and 1 from Africa) and it is also considered the 1952 European Roller Hockey Championship (despite the presence of Egypt). All the games were played in the city of Porto, in Portugal, the chosen city to host the World Cup.


1952 Romanian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 30 November 1952. They were the second held under the Socialist Republic of Romania, and the first under a constitution adopted that September. They were also the first held after longtime Prime Minister Petru Groza handed the post to Communist Party leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who had been the country's de facto leader since the Communists seized full power in 1947.


1952 Romanian legislative election
Voters were presented with a single slate of candidates from the People's Democratic Front, which was dominated by the Romanian Workers' Party. The Front won all 428 seats in the Great National Assembly. This election set the tone for all elections held in Romania until 1989. For the remainder of the Communist era, voters only had the choice of approving or rejecting a Communist-dominated list.


1952 Romanian legislative election, Electoral system
The new constitution was promulgated on 24 September 1952 and three days later a new electoral law was passed. Under the new system candidates were elected in single member constituencies, and had to receive over 50% of the vote. If no candidate passed this threshold, or if voter turnout in the constituency was less than 50%, re-runs were held until the requirements were met. Candidates could be nominated by the People's Democratic Front or mass organisations, although the latter were monitored by the Front.


1952 Rose Bowl
The 1952 Rose Bowl was the 38th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Held on Tuesday, January 1, at the end of the 1951 college football season, it was the first nationally televised college football game.


1952 Rose Bowl
The fourth-ranked Illinois Fighting Illini of the Big Ten Conference defeated the #7 Stanford Indians of the Pacific Coast Conference, 40–7.


1952 Rose Bowl
Since the two conferences agreed to match up in Pasadena, starting with the 1947 Rose Bowl, the Big Ten had won all six games.


1952 Rose Bowl, Game summary
Stanford led 7 to 6 on a Harry Hugasian touchdown until late in the third quarter. Illinois then scored 34 unanswered points, 27 in the fourth quarter. Illinois running back Bill Tate rushed for 150 yards and two touchdowns, and was named  Player of the Game. All-American Johnny Karras rushed for 58 yards and a touchdown for Illinois, which had 434 yards of total offense.


1952 Rose Bowl, Game summary
It was the second Rose Bowl win for Illinois head coach Ray Eliot, the first was in 1947. Stanford head coach Chuck Taylor became the first to play and coach in the Rose Bowl, having played as one of Stanford's undefeated Wow Boys eleven years earlier, in 1941.


1952 Rugby Union European Cup
The Europe Cup 1952 was the fourth Rugby Union European championship, organized by FIRA.


1952 Rugby Union European Cup
After the Second World War rugby activity restarted in Europe with the Five Nations restarting in 1947. The FIRA approved to reorganize the European Championship, after three tournaments in 1936-38. During the assembly of May 20, 1951, it was decided that the name of tournament would be Europe Cup, and that the first edition was to be played in 1952. Like in all subsequent editions, only countries of Continental Europe ever took place.


1952 Rugby Union European Cup
A "challenge" format was chosen: France, winner of the last tournament in 1938, advanced directly to the final, where it met the winner of the preliminary tournament, which was played by four teams: Belgium, West Germany, Italy and Romania.


1952 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1952 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1952 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensemen compiled a 4–4–1 record, won the Middle Three Conference co-championship, and were outscored by their opponents 184 to 178.


1952 SANFL Grand Final
The 1952 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football championship match. North Adelaide beat Norwood 153 to 43.


1952 SANFL season
The 1952 South Australian National Football League season was the 73rd season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1952 SCCA National Sports Car Championship
The 1952 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the second season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began March 8, 1952, and ended October 26, 1952, after eleven races. Sherwood Johnston won the season championship.


1952 SCCA National Sports Car Championship, Season results
Note: Although support races counted towards the season points championship, only feature race overall winners are listed below.


1952 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1952 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament took place February 28–March 1, 1952 in Louisville, Kentucky at the Jefferson County Armory. This tournament marks the final SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament held until the event’s 26-year hiatus ended prior to the 1979 tournament.


1952 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament
The Kentucky Wildcats won the tournament championship game by beating LSU, 44–43. Kentucky would go on to play in the 16-team 1952 NCAA Tournament, but fell in the East Regional Final to St. John's.


1952 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election
General elections were held in Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla on 6 October 1952, the country's first elections held with universal suffrage. The Workers' League won seven of the eight elected seats.


1952 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election, Background
The previous elections had taken place in 1946, and the next elections were due in 1949. However, they were postponed each year until 1952.


1952 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election, Background
A new constitution introduced in 1952 provided for a 14-member Legislative Council, consisting of eight elected members, the Governor (as President of the Council), two ex officio members and three appointed members.


1952 Salad Bowl
The 1952 Salad Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Houston Cougars and the Dayton Flyers.


1952 Salad Bowl, Background
The Cougars finished 4th in the Missouri Valley Conference in their first season and earned a trip to their first bowl game. The Flyers were an independent school.


1952 Salad Bowl, Game summary
Bobby Recker gave Dayton a 7–0 lead on his touchdown run. With :10 remaining in the first quarter, Gene Shannon rushed for a touchdown to narrow the lead to 1. Recker caught a 25-yard pass from Frank Siggins to give Dayton a 14–6 lead. Less than five minutes later, Shannon rushed for his second touchdown to narrow the lead once again. Dayton increased their lead on Siggins' pass to Jim Currin to take a 21–13 lead with :44 remaining in the half.


1952 Salad Bowl, Game summary
After halftime, the Cougars limited the Flyers to five rushing yards in the second half while forcing three turnovers. Shannon narrowed the lead once again on a 1-yard touchdown run to make it 21–20. Less than two minutes later, Shannon's 10-yard run with 7:50 in the third proved to be the go-ahead touchdown as the two teams failed to score in the fourth quarter, giving Houston their first bowl win. Shannon rushed for 175 yards on 28 carries with four touchdowns, including 129 yards in the first half.


1952 Salad Bowl, Aftermath
The Cougars wound up winning the conference the next year, finishing at #19 in the polls, though they would not play another bowl game until 1962. Dayton soon dropped down below Division I, now in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). After this Salad Bowl, the opponents would consist of high school teams and All-Stars, not involving college teams.


1952 Salvadoran legislative election
Legislative elections were held in El Salvador in March 1952. The result was a victory for the Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification, which was the only party to contest the elections as the opposition Renovating Action Party claimed that they were rigged.


1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1952 college football season.


1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team
San Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by sixth-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with four wins and five losses (4–5, 2–2 CCAA). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 238–267 for the season.


1952 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL
The following San Diego State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 San Francisco 49ers season
The 1952 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 3rd season in the National Football League and their 7th overall. They were coming off a 7–4–1 record in 1951.


1952 San Francisco 49ers season
The 49ers won their first five games by at least two touchdowns and had visions of playing in their first-ever NFL Championship Game. However, they lost five of their final seven games to finish at 7–5, third place in the six-team National Conference (which became the Western Conference in 1953).


1952 San Francisco 49ers season
Y. A. Tittle emerged as the starting quarterback, as he had a completion rate of 51.0% along with eleven touchdowns and 1,407 yards. Frankie Albert also had some action, completing 55.0% of his passes, along with eight TDs and 964 yards.


1952 San Francisco 49ers season
Joe Perry rushed for a team-high 725 yards and eight TDs, while rookie Hugh McElhenny had 684 yards on 98 attempts (7.0 yards/carry), along with six rushing TDs, while he caught 26 passes for 367 yards and earned another three touchdowns. Gordie Soltau led the club with 55 receptions for 774 yards and seven TDs.


1952 San Francisco 49ers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1952 San Francisco State Gators football team
The 1952 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1952 college football season.


1952 San Francisco State Gators football team
San Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by third-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. On the field, the team finished the season with a record of four wins and five losses (4–5, 1–0 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 211–219.


1952 San Francisco State Gators football team
After the season, San Francisco State was forced to forfeit its win vs. Whittier. That brought the adjusted record to three wins and six losses (3–6, 1–0 FWC).


1952 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL
No San Francisco State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 1952 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1952 college football season.


1952 San Jose State Spartans football team
San Jose State played as an Independent in 1952. The team was led by third-year head coach Bob Bronzan, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and three losses (6–3). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 251–164 for the season.


1952 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL
The following San Jose State players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 San Juan earthquake
The 1952 San Juan earthquake took place on 11 June at 00:31:43 UTC in the province of San Juan, Argentina. It measured 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale with a depth of 30 kilometers (19 mi). The earthquake was felt in San Juan with a maximum of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused damage in some locations in the south and west of the province, and a small number of casualties.


1952 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The 1952 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1952 college football season.


1952 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
Santa Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Stan Williamson in the first year of his second tenure as head coach. He had coached the team from 1941 to 1948, before taking a sabbatical and serving in the Navy. While in the Navy, Williamson coached the San Diego Naval Air Station football team, including leading the team to the naval championship in 1951. The Gauchos played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2, 3–1 CCAA).


1952 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1953 NFL Draft.


1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team
The 1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented the University of Santa Clara during the 1952 college football season. In their third season under head coach Richard F. Gallagher, the independent Broncos compiled a 2–6–1 record and were outscored 182 to 80. Their three home games were played off campus in San Francisco, Lodi, and Sacramento.


1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team
A month after the season ended, Rev. Herman J. Hauck, president of the university, announced on December 29 that the football program was being dropped. The state's other major college football programs at Catholic institutions, all NCAA independents, had recently been halted: Saint Mary's after the 1950 season and San Francisco and Loyola after 1951. Father Hauck stated that the football program had lost substantial money in the previous two seasons; other sources put the losses at $80,000 in 1952 and $72,000 in 1951.


1952 Santa Clara Broncos football team
By early 1954, there was already support for reviving the program, which returned for the 1959 season.


1952 Santos FC season
The 1952 season was the forty-first season for Santos FC.


1952 Saskatchewan general election
The 1952 Saskatchewan general election was held on June 11, 1952, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.


1952 Saskatchewan general election
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government of Premier Tommy Douglas was re-elected for a third term with an increased majority.


1952 Saskatchewan general election
The Liberal Party of Walter Tucker increased its share of the popular vote to almost 40%, but lost 9 of the seats it had held in the previous legislature.


1952 Saskatchewan general election
The Social Credit and Progressive Conservative parties continued to lose support.


1952 Saskatchewan general election, Results
Note: * Party did not nominate candidates in previous election.


1952 Saurashtra Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Saurashtra  were held on March 26, 1952. 222 candidates contested for the 55 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 5 two-member constituencies and 50 single-member constituencies.


1952 Saurashtra Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization and Merger
On 1 November 1956, Saurashtra State was merged into Bombay State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.


1952 Scottish Cup Final
The 1952 Scottish Cup Final was played on 19 April 1952, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 67th Scottish Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Motherwell. Motherwell won the match 4–0 thanks to goals by Jimmy Watson, Willie Redpath, Wilson Humphries and Archie Kelly.


1952 Scottish Cup Final
The attendance of 136,274 is a Scottish record for a match not involving Celtic, Rangers or the Scotland national team.


1952 Scottish League Cup Final
The 1952 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 25 October 1952, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 7th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Kilmarnock. Dundee won the match 2–0, thanks to two goals by Bobby Flavell. This meant that they retained the trophy, having beaten Rangers in the previous season.


1952 Segunda División Peruana
The 1952 Segunda División Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Unión Callao, was promoted to the Primera División Peruana 1953.


1952 Segunda División de Chile
The 1952 Segunda División de Chile was the first season of the Segunda División de Chile.


1952 Seletar by-election
A by-election for the Seletar constituency of the Legislative Council of Singapore was scheduled on 20 December 1952. It was triggered by the resignation of councilor Vilasini Menon on 25 September 1952 after being charged along with her lawyer husband with a criminal breach of trust in India.


1952 Seletar by-election
The by-election did not take place as scheduled as its sole candidate, M. P. D. Nair, was elected as the constituency's councilor in an uncontested walkover.


1952 Seletar by-election, Background
Vilasini Menon was elected as Legislative Councilor for the Seletar constituency of the Legislative Council of Singapore in the 1951 general election.


1952 Seletar by-election, Background
Menon and her lawyer husband was later charged with a criminal breach of trust in India. As a result, she voluntarily resigned her seat on 25 September 1952 which triggered a by-election in the Seletar constituency. The writ of election was issued on 28 October 1952 with nomination day set on 19 November.


1952 Seletar by-election, Campaign
Only the independent City Councilor M. P. D. Nair filed in his candidacy for the by-election.


1952 Seletar by-election, Election
Since Nair is the only candidate in the by-election, he was elected as a Legislative Councilor through a walkover. The by-election no longer took place as scheduled.


1952 Seletar by-election, Election
Nair was sworn into office on 16 December 1952. He initially refused to be sworn in unless the demands of the constituency's Naval Base Union members were met.


1952 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election
Territorial Assembly  elections were held in Senegal on 30 March 1952. The Senegalese Democratic Bloc won 41 of the 50 seats.


1952 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system
Unlike other French colonies in Africa which used a dual college system, with French citizens electing part of the General Council and Africans electing the remainder, the Senegalese General Council was elected on a general roll.


1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake
The 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake struck off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The 9.0 Mw earthquake triggered a major tsunami that hit Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR, on 4 November 1952 at 16:58 (UTC). This led to the destruction of many settlements in Sakhalin Oblast and Kamchatka Oblast, while the main impact struck the town of Severo-Kurilsk. It was the fifth most powerful earthquake since 1900, and to date, the most powerful earthquake in Russian history.


1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake, Tsunami
The tsunami was generated 130 kilometers (81 mi) offshore Kamchatka, impacting Severo-Kurilsk with three waves about 15–18 meters (49–59 ft) high. After the earthquake the majority of the Severo-Kurilsk citizens fled to the surrounding hills, where they escaped the first wave. However, most of them returned to the town and were killed by the second wave. According to the authorities, out of a population of 6,000 people, 2,336 died. The survivors were evacuated to continental Russia. The settlement was then rebuilt in another location.


1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake, Tsunami
Earthquakes continue to happen in the area, including a M7.5 event that occurred at a Depth of 56km on 25 March 2020.


1952 Singapore City Council election
The 1952 Singapore City Council election was the 2nd election to the Singapore City Council. It was held on 6 December 1952 to elect 6 of the 18 seats in the City Council.


1952 Slovenian Republic League
The 1952 season was the 29th season of the Slovenian Republic League and the 7th while Slovenia was a part of Yugoslavia. The top four clubs were granted a place in the second level inter-republic Slovene-Croatian League. The Slovenian Republic League was split into West and East divisions in the following season.


1952 Small Club World Cup
The 1952 Small Club World Cup was the first edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, and in 1963 and in 1965. It was played by four participants, 1 from Europe and 3 from South America, playing in a double round-robin format.


1952 Small Club World Cup
The championship featured players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Adolfo Pedernera, and Nestor Rossi for Millonarios, Miguel Muñoz for Real Madrid, among others. Real Madrid was the only team that did not participate as champion of its country.


1952 Soccer Bowl
The 3rd Soccer Bowl the third and final edition of the Soccer Bowl, a soccer match to determine the college soccer champion prior to the arrival of the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament. The match featured the University of San Francisco Dons men's soccer program against Temple University Owls men's soccer program. After being played in St. Louis, Missouri for two years, the third Soccer Bowl was hosted by the University of San Francisco at Kezar Stadium.


1952 Soccer Bowl
Temple won the match 2–0 to claim their third national championship. Although Temple won the Soccer Bowl, the ISFA declared Franklin & Marshall as the national champions of the 1951 ISFA season. The American Soccer History Archives recognizes both titles as valid national championship claims.


1952 South American Basketball Championship for Women
The 1952 South American Basketball Championship for Women was the 4th regional tournament for women in South America. It was held in Asunción, Paraguay and won by the local squad. Six teams competed.


1952 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Results
Each team played the other teams once, for a total of five games played by each team.


1952 South American Championships in Athletics
The 1952 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires, between 3 and 11 May.


1952 South American Championships in Athletics, Medal summary, Women's events
* = after run-off, both athletes ran 25.5 in both races


1952 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1952 South Carolina Gamecocks football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1952 college football season. In their twelfth season under head coach Rex Enright, South Carolina compiled a 5–5 record.


1952 South Dakota Coyotes football team
The 1952 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1952 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 4–3–1 record (3–2–1 against NCC opponents), tied for third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 193 to 179. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.


1952 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team
The 1952 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference during the 1952 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 287 to 230.


1952 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1952 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.


1952 South Dakota gubernatorial election
Incumbent Republican Governor Sigurd Anderson was re-elected, defeating Democratic nominee Sherman A. Iverson with 70.15% of the vote.


1952 South Korean local elections
Local elections were held in South Korea on 25 April 1952 for city, town and township councils and on 10 May 1952 for provincial councils. 306 provincial councilors, 378 city councilors, 1,115 town councilors and 16,051 township councilors were elected.


1952 South Korean local elections, City, town and township council elections
Elections for city, town and township councils were held on 25 April 1952.


1952 South Korean local elections, Provincial council elections
Elections for provincial councils were held on 10 May 1952.


1952 South Korean presidential election
Presidential and vice-presidential elections were held in South Korea on 5 August 1952. The result was a victory for Syngman Rhee, who won 74.6% of the vote. Voter turnout was 88.1%. The election was held during the Korean War, which played an important role in consolidating Rhee's support.


1952 South Korean presidential election, Constitutional Amendment
President Rhee's factions took a devastating blow in the 1950 legislative election, when they won a little more than a quarter of the seats in the National Assembly, combined. In belief he would have little shot at reelection in the opposition-controlled legislature, President Rhee decided to amend the constitution so that the president would be elected by the people, instead of the legislature. President Rhee had the amendment pass in July 1952, after using police and military to threaten lawmakers.


1952 South Sydney season
The 1952 South Sydney DRLFC season was the 45th in the club's history. They competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League's 1952 Premiership, and lost the grand final against the Western Suburbs.


1952 Southern 500
The 1952 Southern 500, the third running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 1, 1952, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.


1952 Southern 500, Background
Darlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as "The Lady in Black" or "The Track Too Tough to Tame" and advertised as a "NASCAR Tradition", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.