1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia
Although the Crimson Tide defeated Kentucky the previous week, Alabama dropped four spots to the No. 15 ranking for their game against Georgia. Against the Bulldogs, the Crimson Tide were shutout 14–0 before 30,000 fans at Sanford Stadium. Georgia All-American halfback Charley Trippi was responsible for both of the Bulldogs' touchdowns. The first came on a nine-yard Trippi pass to Dan Edwards and later on a 46-yard Trippi run. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 15–14–3.


1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU
To open conference play for the 1945 season, the Crimson Tide traveled to play LSU and left Baton Rouge with a 26–7 victory. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 12–4–3.


1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt
Against the Vanderbilt Commodores, Alabama won 12–7 at Legion Field in Birmingham. After a scoreless first quarter, the Crimson Tide took a 12–0 halftime lead after touchdowns were scored in the second quarter on a short Hal Self run and a 20-yard Harry Gilmer pass to Hugh Morrow. The Commodores scored their lone touchdown late in the fourth quarter on a one-yard Robert Berry touchdown run on fourth-and-goal to make the final score 12–7. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 16–10.


1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Boston College
Against the Boston College Eagles, Alabama lost 13–7 in what was the first game ever played by the Crimson Tide in New England. After a scoreless first quarter, each team scored second-quarter touchdowns. The Eagles scored first on a one-yard James Benedetto run and Alabama responded with a 38-yard Harry Gilmer pass to Ted Cook to make the halftime score 7–7. Boston then scored the game-winning touchdown early in the final period on a 39-yard Maurice Poissant run. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Boston College to 1–1. In addition to being their first game played in New England, this game also marked the first time that an Alabama squad traveled to an away game by way of airplane.


1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State
On what was both homecoming and the final game of the season at Denny Stadium, Alabama upset the Mississippi State Maroons 24–7. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 10–0 halftime lead after a six-yard Hugh Morrow field goal and a two-yard Lionel W. Noonan touchdown run in the second quarter. They extended their lead further to 17–0 in the third after John Wozniak returned a blocked punt 38-yards for a touchdown. The game then concluded with a pair of fourth-quarter touchdowns. The first was scored by Alabama on a one-yard Harry Gilmer run and the second for State on a short Wallace Matulich run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 23–7–2.


1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Thomas resignation
The struggles of the 1946 team might have been caused in part by the deteriorating health of coach Frank Thomas. High blood pressure left him bedridden for most of the 1946 season, unable to stand for long periods, and forced to ride in a trailer to conduct many Alabama practices. After the 1946 season his ill health forced his resignation when he was only 48 years old, and Thomas later died in Tuscaloosa on May 10, 1954. During his fifteen seasons as head coach at Alabama, Thomas won four SEC championships and compiled an overall record of 115 wins, 24 losses and seven ties (115–24–7) record, for an .812 winning percentage.


1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Thomas resignation
Prior to the conclusion of the season, speculation began as to who would succeed Thomas as the head coach of the Crimson Tide. In early November, sources indicated that former Thomas player, and then head coach at Kentucky, Bear Bryant was to become the next head coach of the Crimson Tide. On November 11, Bryant stated that he had not been in contact about the Alabama job and indicated his focus was on the Wildcats. After an exhaustive search, on January 14, 1947, former Thomas assistant and then head coach at Ole Miss, Harold Drew was introduced as the new head coach of the Crimson Tide.


1946 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Crimson Tide player was selected.


1946 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1946 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1946, to elect the Governor of Alabama. Incumbent Democrat Chauncey Sparks was term-limited, and could not seek a second consecutive term.


1946 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
At the time this election took place, Alabama, as with most other southern states, was solidly Democratic, and the Republican Party had such diminished influence that the Democratic primary was the de facto contest for state offices.


1946 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Runoff
As no candidate received a majority of votes, a runoff election was held.


1946 Albanian National Championship
The 1946 Albanian National Championship was the ninth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.


1946 Albanian National Championship, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and Vllaznia won the championship.


1946 Albanian National Championship, Group A, League table
Note: '17 Nëntori' is KF Tirana and 'Ylli i Kuq Durrës' is Teuta


1946 Albanian National Championship, Group B, League table
Note: 'Bashkimi Elbasanas' is KS Elbasani, 'Shqiponja' is Luftëtari, 'Spartak Kuçova' is Naftëtari


1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament
The 1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament was an invitational snooker tournament held at the Albany Club in London between 8 July 1946 and 20 September 1946, featuring the eleven players that had been eliminated before the final in the 1946 World Snooker Championship. Walter Donaldson won the title, defeating Alec Brown 20–11 in the final.


1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament, Tournament details
The tournament was promoted by, and held at, the Albany Club in Savile Row, London, in 1946. The invited players were the eleven who were eliminated before the final in the 1946 World Snooker Championship, with the draw for the even being made on 21 June 1946 in the presence of players and representatives from the press and BBC. There was a prize fund of £500.


1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament, Tournament details
There were three first round matches each contested over two days as the best-of-21 frames, starting on 8 July 1946 when Conrad Stanbury played Alec Brown. Brown took a 7–3 lead, and won 13–8. The following week, Fred Davis defeated Sydney Lee 14–7. Lee, taking penicillin during the first session due to painful boils on his arm, had taken a 3–2 lead before Davis finished the first day 6–4 ahead. Stanley Newman and Fred Lawrence were level at 5–5 after the first day, with Newman winning 11–8 when the pair did not play the final two scheduled frames.


1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament, Tournament details
In the quarter-finals, Kingsley Kennerley received a bye when John Barrie withdrew due to illness. Donaldson led Herbert Holt 4–1 and 8–2, and progressed 14–7. Brown eliminated Willie Leigh 13–8 after the first day had finished at 5–5. Davis defeated Lawrence 14–7, after their first day had ended with Davis leading 6–4.


1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament, Tournament details
Brown converted a 6–4 overnight lead into a 14–7 win over Kennerley in the first semi-final. Donaldson also had a 6–4 overnight lead in his semi-final, against Fred Davis, and also won 14–7.


1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament, Tournament details
On the first day of the final, played as the best-of-31 frames, Donaldson took an 8–2 lead over Brown. By the end of the second day, Donaldson had won the 16 frames he needed for victory, whilst Brown had won 4 frames. Donaldson compiled an 80 break on the last day and led 18–7 before the match concluded at 20–11.


1946 Albany Club Professional Snooker Tournament, Tournament details
A further tournament, where handicaps were applied, was held at the Albany Club in 1950. It was won by Brown, receiving 38 points start in each frame, who defeated Joe Davis 16–9 in the final. Brown had earlier eliminated Donaldson 15–8 in the second round, receiving 30 points start in each frame.


1946 Albury state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Albury on Saturday 9 November 1946.


1946 Albury state by-election
It was triggered by the resignation of the former Premier of New South Wales and second Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party, Alexander Mair, in order to run for a seat in the Australian Senate.


1946 Albury state by-election
The seat was subsequently won by John Hurley of the Labor Party. The Liberals witnessed a drop in their primary vote due to the Country Party fielding a candidate and splitting the conservative vote.


1946 Albury state by-election, Background
The seat of Albury, a traditionally safe Liberal seat, was held since 1932 by Alexander Mair, who after serving as a cabinet minister rose to become Premier of the state from 1939 to 1941. Following the electoral defeat in 1941, Mair played a central role in the negotiations to merge the conservative parties to form Robert Menzies' newly created Liberal Party of Australia, becoming a delegate for the Canberra Conference in October 1944 and hosting the second party conference in his seat in Albury at Mate's Department Store.


1946 Albury state by-election, Background
Despite initial efforts to merge the Democratic Party with the Liberal Democratic Party becoming deadlocked over questions of party organisation and by acrimony between Weaver and the LDP leader, Ernest K White, they were ultimately successful and the Liberal party was born in early 1945. Serving on the Liberals' New South Wales executive from 1945 to 1946, when first party leader Weaver died suddenly on 12 November 1945, Mair was chosen to succeed him.


1946 Albury state by-election, Background
He served as the second Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party only briefly until he resigned as leader on 21 March 1946, being succeeded by his former Minister for Justice, Vernon Treatt. On 14 August 1946, after serving fourteen years in the New South Wales Parliament, Mair resigned his seat to run for a seat in the Australian Senate. At the 1946 federal election held on 28 September, Mair was unsuccessful with the Labor Party winning all three NSW seats.


1946 Albury state by-election, Results
The Liberal candidate, Ernest Atkinson, was excluded on the first count. The Labor candidate John Hurley picked up 15% of the Liberal preferences which was enough to defeat the Country Party candidate, Alfred Townsend.


1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake
The 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake occurred near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska on April 1. The shock had a moment magnitude of 8.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). It resulted in 165–173 casualties and over $26 million in damage. The seafloor along the fault was elevated, triggering a Pacific-wide tsunami with multiple destructive waves at heights ranging from 45–130 ft. The tsunami obliterated the Scotch Cap Lighthouse on Unimak Island, Alaska among others, and killed all five lighthouse keepers. Despite the destruction to the Aleutian Island Unimak, the tsunami had almost an imperceptible effect on the Alaskan mainland.


1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake
Waves reportedly traveled across the ocean at 500 miles an hour and measured 55 feet high, crest to trough, according to the USGS. The wave reached Kauai, Hawaii 4.5 hours after the quake, and Hilo, Hawaii 4.9 hours later. In Hilo, the death toll was high: 173 were killed, 163 injured, 488 buildings were demolished and 936 more were damaged. Witnesses told of waves inundating streets, homes, and storefronts. Many victims were swept out to sea by receding water. The tsunami caused much damage in Maui as well. Waves there demolished 77 homes and many other buildings.


1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake
The residents of these islands were caught off-guard by the onset of the tsunami due to the inability to transmit warnings from the destroyed posts at Scotch Cap, and the tsunami is known as the April Fools' Day Tsunami in Hawaii because it happened on April 1 and many thought it to be an April Fool's Day prank. The effects of the tsunami also reached Washington, Oregon, and California.


1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake
The tsunami was unusually powerful for the size of the earthquake. The event was classified as a tsunami earthquake due to the discrepancy between the size of the tsunami and the relatively low surface wave magnitude. The large-scale destruction prompted the creation of the Seismic Sea Wave Warning System, which became the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in 1949.


1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season
The 1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season marked the fourth season of the circuit. The AAGPBL expansion brought two new franchises to the previous six-team format. At this point, the Muskegon Lassies and the Peoria Redwings joined the Fort Wayne Daisies, Grand Rapids Chicks, Kenosha Comets, Racine Belles, Rockford Peaches and South Bend Blue Sox. The eight teams competed through a 112-game schedule, while the final Shaugnessy playoffs faced season winner Racine against defending champion Rockford in a Best of Seven Series.


1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season
Other modifications occurred in the league during 1946. The ball was decreased in size from 11½ inches to 11 inches. In addition, the base paths were lengthened to 70 feet and the sidearm pitching was introduced, as the league was moving toward baseball.


1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season
Several pitching records were set during the season. Racine's Anna Mae Hutchison recorded two marks that would never be broken: most innings pitched in a single game (19 against Peoria) and most games pitched in a single season (51). For their part, Fort Wayne's Dorothy Wiltse set the mark for more strikeouts in a season (294), and Racine's Joanne Winter a record for the most consecutive scoreless innings (63). The untiring Wiltse also pitched and won both games of a doubleheader (August 25).


1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season
Other highlights included Grand Rapids' Connie Wisniewski, who led all pitchers with a 0.96 earned run average. Besides this, Winter and Wisniewski combined for 33 wins a piece, the best ever in league history. In addition, Fort Wayne's Audrey Haine and South Bend's Doris Barr and Betty Luna hurled no-hitters. The only position player to top the .300 mark was Rockford's Dorothy Kamenshek (.316), proving that strong pitching is more important than having hot bats.


1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season
For the second consecutive season, one team won both the season title and the championship. Racine defeated South Bend in the first round, three games to one, and beat the defending champion Rockford in the best-of-seven series in six games. Racine was led by Winter, who won four games in the two playoffs, including a 15-inning, 1–0 victory in the final game of the Shaugnessy series. The Belles also received offensive support from Sophie Kurys, who batted an average of .372 (16-for-43) in 10 playoff games, while setting a postseason record with 16 stolen bases. Kurys also was honored with the AAGPBL Player of the Year Award, after hit a second-best .286 while leading with 201 stolen bases and 117 runs.


1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season
In the first three years after World War II, AAGPBL teams often attracted between two and three thousand fans to a single game. One league highlight occurred in 1946, when an estimated 10,000 people saw a Fourth of July doubleheader in South Bend, Indiana.


1946 All-Big Nine Conference football team
The 1946 All-Big Nine Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) for the 1946 Big Nine Conference football season. The top vote getters in the AP polling were Bob Chappuis and Warren Amling, who each received 17 out of 18 possible points.


1946 All-Big Nine Conference football team, Key
UP = United Press, based on polling of conference coaches, scouts and newspapermen


1946 All-Big Nine Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UPI


1946 All-Big Six Conference football team
The 1946 All-Big Six Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Six Conference teams for the 1946 college football season. The selectors for the 1946 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1946 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1946 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 15th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.


1946 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
On 6 October 1946, Kerry won the championship following a 3-7 to 2-3 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their fourth All-Ireland title and their first in ten championship seasons.


1946 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1946 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 16th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.


1946 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
On 1 September 1946 Dublin won the championship following a 1-6 to 0-7 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title in-a-row.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1946 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Antrim, who defeated Galway by a four-point margin in the final.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure
With Leinster and Cork unaffiliated, there were just four entrants for the championship. Tipperary beat Kerry 3–4 to nil in Cahir. Clare beat Tipperary 2–2 to 1–1 in Nenagh and had a bye from unaffiliated Cork in the final to win the Munster championship. Galway beat Mayo 5–0 to 2–1 in the Connacht final at Coyne's field in Westport.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure
Clare then took and lost a six-point lead against Galway in the All Ireland semi-final with goals from Mary Mulcahy and Nora Donnelly, then led again through another two goals from Sadlier and O'Donnell before goals from Kitty Greally and Josie Melvin and a point from Rita Clinton gave Galway victory. Dublin beat Wicklow in the final of an alternative Leinster championship.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final
Gate receipts at the final at Corrigan Park were £250.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final
The 1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the fifteenth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1946 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 60th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
Kerry won their sixteenth title, moving ahead of Dublin in the all-time standings, a position which they have never lost since.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Connacht Senior Football Championship
Note: Roscommon’s goal proved to be a controversial one. The goal was scored by Roscommon’s Jimmy Murray and there was some confusion as to whether or not it would be allowed as the umpires failed to signal the score. It was only after Jimmy Murray had raised the green flag himself that the umpires finally signalled the goal.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Results, Connacht Senior Football Championship
The referee, speaking after the match to the Irish Press match reporter ‘Green Flag’ (an appropriate sobriquet) stated that he had allowed the score because in his opinion the Mayo goalkeeper, Tom Byrne, was behind the line when he saved Murray’s initial goal effort. In the week following the final, Mayo entered a formal objection with the Connacht Council, reportedly about the legality of two of the Roscommon team. Roscommon entered a counter-objection. At a meeting of the Connacht Council on 5/8/1946 at Castlerea, both the objection and counter-objection were withdrawn, the referee’s report was adopted and a replay ordered. (Source: Irish Press reports July, August 1946).


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 59th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The game was originally set for 22 September, but was delayed for two weeks as part of the "Save the Harvest" campaign. (see: Winter of 1946–47)


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Roscommon had a six-point lead with three minutes left, but Kerry made an amazing comeback with goals by Paddy Burke and Tom "Gega" O Connor. Burke and Gega also scored late goals in the replay.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
It was the third of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1940s.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1946 was the 60th series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Cork won the championship, beating Kilkeny 7-5 to 3-8 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.


1946 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was run on a provincial basis as usual. All games were played on a knockout basis whereby once a team lost they were eliminated from the championship. The format for the All-Ireland series of games ran as follows:


1946 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1946 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 59th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1946 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 1 September 1946, between Kilkenny and Cork. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 7–5 to 3–8.


1946 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1946 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1946 college football season. The organizations selecting teams in 1946 included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP).


1946 All-Pacific Coast football team
The UCLA Bruins won the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) championship with a 10–1 record, finished the season ranked #4 in the final AP Poll, and had four first-team players: quarterback Ernie Case (AP, UP), end Burr Baldwin (AP, UP), tackle Don Malmberg (AP, UP), and center/linebacker Don Paul (AP, UP).


1946 All-Pacific Coast football team
Despite finishing second in the PCC with a 7–1–1 record, Oregon State did not land any player on the first teams selected by either the AP or the UP. USC, Stanford and Washington finished in third, fourth and fifth place in the PCC, and each placed two players on the first team.


1946 All-Pacific Coast football team
Three players from teams outside the PCC received first-team honors, They were St. Mary's Gaels halfback Herman Wedemeyer (AP, UP), who was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, San Francisco Dons halfback Forest Hall (AP, UP), and Nevada end Horace Gillom (UP).


1946 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP


1946 All-Pro Team
The 1946 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players who were chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team for the 1946 NFL and AAFC seasons. Teams were selected by, among others, the Associated Press (AP), the United Press (UP), Pro Football Illustrated, and the New York Daily News (NYDN). The AP selections included players from the National Football League (NFL) and All-America Football Conference; the UP, PFI, and NYDN selections were limited to players from the NFL.


1946 All-SEC football team
The 1946 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1946 college football season. Georgia and Tennessee shared the conference title.


1946 All-SEC football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP


1946 All-Southwest Conference football team
The 1946 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1946 college football season. The selectors for the 1946 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.


1946 Allan Cup
The 1946 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1945-46 Senior season.


1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash
On October 3, 1946, an American Overseas Airlines (AOA) Douglas DC-4 aircraft named Flagship New England crashed soon after take-off from Stephenville, Newfoundland, killing all 39 people on board. It was, at the time, the deadliest aircraft crash on Canadian soil.


1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash, Aircraft and occupants
Flagship New England was a Douglas C-54E-5-DO military transport aircraft that had been converted to a Douglas DC-4 civilian airliner; and was registered N90904. It had first flown in 1945 and had logged a total of 3,731 flight hours during its career. On 24 October 1945, it was with Flagship New England that American Overseas Airlines (AOA) launched international flight services. On the accident flight, the aircraft carried thirty-one passengers and a crew of eight. Most of the passengers were wives and children of U.S. servicemen stationed in Allied-occupied Germany.


1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash, Flight and accident
At 12:14 PM EST on 2 October, Flagship New England departed New York-LaGuardia Airport for a transatlantic commercial flight to Berlin, with stops in Gander, Newfoundland and Shannon, Ireland. However, poor weather conditions at Gander forced the flight crew to land at Stephenville Air Base in Newfoundland instead. In order to let the crew rest, the flight stopped at Stephenville for the next twelve hours.


1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash, Flight and accident
At 4:45 AM on 3 October, Flagship New England left the gate and was initially cleared to depart from runway 30; however, apparently unfavorable wind conditions prompted Stephenville Air Traffic Control to clear it for runway 07 instead. Overcast skies blocked out light from the moon and stars, rendering the terrain ahead unlit. Flights departing from runway 07 were supposed to make a right-hand turn immediately after take-off so as to avoid hilly terrain in line with the runway. However, the pilots of Flagship New England instead allowed the aircraft to continue going straight ahead after lifting off.


1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash, Flight and accident
At about 5:03 AM, some seven miles from the end of the runway, the aircraft hit a ridge at an elevation of about 1,160 feet and crashed, killing everyone on board. The investigation into the accident indicated the pilots' failure to change course, which led the aircraft across terrain over which sufficient clearance could not be gained, led to the crash.


1946 Ancash earthquake
The 1946 Ancash earthquake in the Andes Mountains of central Peru occurred on November 10 at 17:43 UTC. The earthquake had a surface wave magnitude of 7.0, and achieved a maximum Mercalli intensity scale rating of XI (Extreme). About 1,400 Peruvians are thought to have died from the event.


1946 Ancash earthquake
The quake was triggered by slippage along a normal fault at a depth of ~17.0 km with a magnitude of 6.9-7.3, as suggested by the focal mechanism. The fault was a shallow crustal structure on the South American Plate, as surface ruptures were observed with a maximum offset of 3.5 meters. This event also reactivated several older thrust faults. These faults are part of the Marańón Thrust and Fold Belt, which formed in the Tertiary. The associated surface rupture of this quake ran for 21 km on the Quiches Fault; an active normal fault named after the town which suffered extensively during the quake.


1946 Ancash earthquake
Many landslides were triggered by the very strong ground motions which was the reason for the high death toll and destruction. One of these slides completely buried the village of Acobamba in Suytucocha Valley.


1946 Antarctica PBM Mariner crash
The 1946 Antarctica PBM Mariner crash occurred on 30 December 1946, on Thurston Island, Antarctica when a United States Navy Martin PBM-5 Mariner crashed during a blizzard. Buno 59098 was one of 4 aircraft lost during Operation Highjump.


1946 Antarctica PBM Mariner crash, The crash
The aircraft, Bureau Number 59098, callsign "George 1", hit a ridge and burned while supporting Operation Highjump. The crash instantly killed Ensign Maxwell A. Lopez and Petty Officer Wendell K. Hendersin. Two hours later, Petty Officer Frederick Williams also died. Six surviving crewmembers, including Aviation Radioman James H. Robbins, pilot Ralph "Frenchy" LeBlanc and co-pilot William Kearns, were rescued 13 days later by an aircraft from USS Pine Island (AV-12). LeBlanc was so frostbitten from the conditions that a quadruple amputation was performed on him. His legs were amputated on the Philippine Sea, a ship that was part of the rescue, and his arms were amputated later in Rhode Island. Hendersin, Williams, and Lopez were buried at the crash site and their remains have not been recovered.


1946 Antarctica PBM Mariner crash, The crash
In 2004, during a surveying flight, a Chilean navy airplane flew over the site using ground penetrating radar to discover the exact location. A two-expedition recovery mission was planned, but subsequently cancelled, for both November 2008 and November 2009 to recover the three fatalities of the crash from their temporary grave. In 2012, another group announced plans to drill 100 ft (30 m) down to recover the bodies. Rich Lopez, nephew of Maxwell Lopez, was part of the plan. However the group struggled to raise the $1.5-3.5 million dollars they would need.


1946 Antiguan general election
General elections were held for the first time in Antigua and Barbuda on 26 July 1946. The elections were held under a limited franchise and only those who owned property were permitted to stand for election to the legislature. The Antigua Trades and Labour Union (ATLU) chose five of its members who satisfied the property criteria to stand as labour representatives. All were elected as the union-backed candidates received 82% of the vote.


1946 Antiguan general election
One of the five was union leader and future Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda Vere Bird, who has first entered the Antigua and Barbuda legislature at a by-election in 1945.


1946 Antiguan general election, Results
The five union-backed candidates won their seats by large margins.


1946 Antiguan general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, Bird was chosen by the Governor of Antigua to sit on the Executive Council of the colony.


1946 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards
The 1946 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards ceremony was held in Buenos Aires to honour the best films and contributors to Argentine cinema in 1945.


1946 Argentine Primera División
The 1946 Argentine Primera División was the 55th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 21 and ended on December 8. Tigre returned to Primera while Ferro Carril Oeste was relegated.


1946 Argentine general election
The Argentine general election of 1946, the last for which only men were enfranchised, was held on 24 February. Voters chose both the President and their legislators.


1946 Argentine general election, Background
Conservative rule, maintained through electoral fraud despite a moderate record, was brought to an end in a June 1943 coup d'état. Barking "orders of the day" every morning on the radio, the new regime enjoyed little approval. The devastating 1944 San Juan earthquake presented an opportunity to regain lost goodwill and the regime moved quickly, involving the private sector through nationwide fund-raising, entrusted to the Labor Minister, Juan Perón.


1946 Argentine general election, Background
Perón enlisted celebrities for the effort, among which was a radio matinee star of middling talent, Eva Duarte, who introduced herself to the Labor Minister by remarking that "nothing's missing, except a touch of Atkinson's". The effort's success and the rise of his ally, Edelmiro Farrell, within the junta, led to Perón's appointment as vice-president, which he leveraged in support of Argentina's struggling labor unions, particularly the CGT.


1946 Argentine general election, Background
Perón's sudden clout led to growing rivalry among his junta colleagues, who had him arrested on October 9, a surprise move outdone by CGT leaders like retail workers' leader Ángel Borlenghi, the slaughterhouses' Cipriano Reyes and Eva Duarte, herself. Organizing a mass (and, at times, violent) demonstration for his release on the Plaza de Mayo, their October 17, 1945, mobilization marked a turning point in Argentine history: the creation of the Peronist movement.


1946 Argentine general election, Background
Capitulating to the political winds, the junta bestowed presidential powers on Perón, who initiated his program of mass nationalizations of institutions such as the universities and Central Bank. Calling elections for February 1946, Perón's opposition hastily arranged an alliance, the Democratic Union. Many in the centrist Radical Civic Union were steadfastly opposed to this ad hoc union with conservatives and the left, an intrinsic burden compounded by a white paper scathingly critical of Perón released by the U.S. Ambassador, Spruille Braden.


1946 Argentine general election, Background
The report, accusing Perón of fascist ties, allowed him to marginalize the Democratic Union (and their distinguished, though disastrously-named nominees, José Tamborini and Enrique Mosca – the "tambourine and the fly"). He quickly reframed the argument as one between "Perón or Braden", making this his rallying cry and winning the 1946 elections handily.


1946 Arizona State Sun Devils football team
The 1946 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1946 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Steve Coutchie, the Sun Devils compiled a 2–7–2 record (1–4–1 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 313 to 93.


1946 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team
The 1946 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Border Conference during the 1946 college football season. In their fourth and final year under head coach Frank Brickey, the team compiled a 5–2–2 record (1–2–1 against conference opponents), outscored opponents by a total of 130 to 70, and finished in sixth place out of nine teams in the Border Conference.


1946 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team
The team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.


1946 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1946 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1946 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Mike Casteel, the Wildcats compiled a 4–4–2 record (2–2–1 against Border opponents), finished in fourth place in the conference, and outscored their opponents, 218 to 136. The team captain was Virgil Floyd Marsh. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.


1946 Arizona gubernatorial election
The 1946 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1946. Incumbent Governor Sidney Preston Osborn ran for reelection, easily winning the Democratic primary, as well as defeating Republican challenger Bruce Brockett in the general election, and was sworn into his fourth term as Governor on January 7, 1947. Osborn died in office a year later.


1946 Arizona gubernatorial election
In comparison to previous election cycles, Brockett signaled a shift in voters becoming more Republican, outperforming their past electoral failures significantly.


1946 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1946 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1946 college football season. In their first year under head coach John Barnhill, the Razorbacks compiled a 6–3–2 record (5–1 against SWC opponents), finished in a tie with Rice for first place in the SWC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 136 to 92. The Razorbacks advanced to the 1947 Cotton Bowl Classic, playing LSU to a scoreless tie.


1946 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
After winning only five conference games all decade, the Razorbacks matched that total in one year, earning a shared SWC crown with Rice University. Ken Holland led the Razorbacks with 397 rushing on 112 carries (3.5 yards per carry). Quarterback Aubrey Fowler led the team in passing, completing 18 of 40 passes for 320 yards. He also served as the team's extra point kicker. Future College Football Hall of Famer Clyde Scott led the Razorbacks in receiving with 11 catches for 183 yards. Scott also won a silver medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics.


1946 Arkansas Razorbacks football team, Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1947 Cotton Bowl Classic was a match-up of rivals who had not played since 1937. The game sold out, but snow and twenty degree weather kept some fans at home from what would come to be known as the Ice Bowl. The Hogs defense kept Y.A. Tittle's Tiger offense out of the end zone from the Arkansas 1, 6, 7, and 8 yard lines, but Arkansas could not capitalize on any of the stops, and gained a lone first down the entire game.


1946 Arkansas Razorbacks football team, Cotton Bowl Classic
The final two plays proved the cold did not stop the teams from having a flair for the dramatic, as Razorback Clyde Scott (a future College Football Hall of Famer) tackled LSU receiver Jeff Odom at the Razorback one, preserving the tie. The Tigers then attempted the go-ahead field goal, but a bad snap ended the game on the final play.


1946 Arkansas Razorbacks football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Razorbacks players were selected.


1946 Arkansas gubernatorial election
The 1946 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1946.


1946 Arkansas gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor Benjamin Travis Laney won re-election to a second term, defeating Republican nominee W. T. Mills with 84.14% of the vote.


1946 Arkansas gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
The Democratic primary election was held on July 30, 1946.


1946 Army Cadets football team
The 1946 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1946 college football season. The Cadets were coached by Earl Blaik in his sixth year and finished the season undefeated with a record of nine wins, zero losses and one tie (9–0–1). The squad was also recognized as national champions for the 1946 season by several selectors. The Cadets outscored their opponents, 263 to 80.


1946 Army Cadets football team
This season's Notre Dame game at Yankee Stadium, a matchup of the top two in the rankings, is regarded as one of college football's Games of the Century; it was a scoreless tie.


1946 Army Cadets football team, NFL Draft
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Cadets were selected.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game
The 1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game was a regular season college football game played on November 9, 1946. Army (the football program of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York), then ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press college football poll, played the University of Notre Dame, of South Bend, Indiana, ranked No. 2, at Yankee Stadium in New York City.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, The teams
This matchup, with the national attention it received in the era before the service academies ceased to be major football powers, was usually played at a neutral site, often in New York City.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, The teams, Previous matchups
The 1924 game between the schools, a Notre Dame victory at the Polo Grounds, was the game at which sportswriter Grantland Rice christened the Fighting Irish backfield—quarterback Harry Stuhldreher, halfbacks Jim Crowley and Don Miller, and fullback Elmer Layden—the "Four Horsemen." The 1928 edition, with Notre Dame trailing Army at halftime at Yankee Stadium, was the game in which Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne delivered his "Win one for the Gipper" speech, resulting in a comeback win for the Fighting Irish.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, The teams, The 1946 season
Both teams were undefeated going into the 1946 game at Yankee Stadium. Both teams averaged over 30 points per game.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, The teams, The 1946 season
Army had a 25-game winning streak, last losing to Notre Dame in 1943 (26–0), but had won the last two contests between the schools by scores of 59–0 and 48–0. Army had the defending Heisman Trophy winner, Doc Blanchard, also known as "Mr. Inside," the man who would win it that year, Glenn Davis, also known as "Mr. Outside," and one of the nation's top quarterbacks in Arnold Tucker.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, The teams, The 1946 season
Notre Dame had the quarterback who would win the Heisman the next year, Johnny Lujack, and end Leon Hart of Notre Dame won the Heisman in 1949 (the only time ever that a college football game had four Heisman Trophy winners). Lujack, along with several other teammates and coach Frank Leahy, had returned to the team for the 1946 season after serving in World War II. Both Tucker and Lujack were also outstanding defensive backs at a time when football players, college as well as professional, usually played both offense and defense.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, The teams, The 1946 season
Notre Dame had defeated eventual 1947 Rose Bowl champion Illinois in Champaign, 26–6, to open the season. On October 26, they won at #17 Iowa, 41–6. The game leading up to this one was a 28–0 Irish defeat of Navy at Baltimore.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Game summary
Despite the high-scoring and much-hyped offenses, the game ended in a scoreless tie. The teams combined for ten turnovers: Army had four, which all occurred in the second half, and Notre Dame had six, three of which were interceptions caught by Arnold Tucker.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Game summary
Army's best scoring chance in the first half came after a Notre Dame fumble on its first possession of the game. However, after taking the ball over on the Notre Dame 23-yard line, Army turned the ball over on downs, which included back-to-back rushes by Doc Blanchard on third and fourth downs.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Game summary
In the second quarter, Notre Dame put together a 12-play drive that started on its own 12-yard line. On fourth-and-inches from the Army 4-yard line, the Fighting Irish also opted not to go for a field goal. Instead, Johnny Lujack tossed the ball to Gerard Cowhig, who appeared to have reached the line of gain. However, a clipping penalty was called against Notre Dame, which nullified the play. As a result, Army took over possession.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Game summary
The second half saw neither team enter the red zone, with each school's best chance at a scoring drive coming back-to-back: Tucker intercepting Lujack for the second time, and Lujack then making a touchdown-saving tackle on Blanchard on the very next play from scrimmage. That play, which "became a piece of Notre Dame lore", and a subsequent interception on a halfback pass thrown by Army's Glenn Davis amounted to "the last scoring threat for either team".


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Analysis, Defenses
Notre Dame's defense did something no other team had ever done — it held the famous "Touchdown Twins," Blanchard and Davis, to a total of 79 yards. As an indication of how the defense of both teams dominated, seven linemen in that game were nominated for Lineman of the Week honors in the weekly Associated Press poll. Joe Steffy, an Army guard who helped shut down the Notre Dame running game, won the honor, followed closely by Notre Dame right tackle George Sullivan and freshman lineman Jim Martin, who helped stifle Army's running attack and dropped Davis on consecutive plays for losses totaling 17 yards.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Analysis, Defenses
Notre Dame coach Leahy called the game "a terrific battle of defenses."


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Analysis, Fourth-down decisions
Both teams turned the ball over on downs a total of six times (Army four times, Notre Dame twice). This included an Army fourth down from the opponent's 16-yard line in the first quarter, and Notre Dame from the 4-yard line in the second quarter. Notre Dame's fourth down play on Army's 4-yard line had only inches to go.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Analysis, Fourth-down decisions
Neither team attempted a single field goal. Army coach Blaik had not sent in his field goal unit for a try since 1943. Notre Dame quarterback Johnny Lujack later said, "Our field-goal kicker, Fred Early, wasn’t even in pads. Our coaches would have had to thought they could score." The two teams had averaged over 30 points per game that season.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Aftermath
Both teams would finish the season undefeated with this one tie, but it was Notre Dame that was awarded the national championship by the Associated Press, with Army coming in second. Neither school accepted bowl bids in that era, and so neither put itself at risk of a loss that would have tarnished their national championship bids. The Pacific Coast Conference and the Big Nine Conference, the forerunners of the Pac-12 and Big Ten, signed the agreement to start with the 1947 Rose Bowl of matching their conference champions. The national sports writers wanted to match either Notre Dame or Army with #4 and undefeated UCLA. Instead, #5 Illinois was the first Midwestern team to go by the terms of the agreement, and routed UCLA, 45–14.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Aftermath
With Blanchard, Davis and Tucker having graduated, Army's unbeaten streak would be broken the next year, by Columbia University. Notre Dame would not lose until early in the 1950 season. Sporting News named the 1944-45 Army Cadets and the 1946 Fighting Irish the second and fifth greatest teams of the Twentieth Century respectively. The game itself has been called the 'Game of the Century".


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Aftermath
This was only the sixth time that the number one ranked team faced the number two ranked team since the inception of the Associated Press Football Poll in 1936. This would not happen again until the 1963 Rose Bowl.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Aftermath
After the season, the schools decided to discontinue their series of annual games, which had been played since 1913 (with the exception of 1918), after the 1947 game. Army wanted to gain some flexibility in scheduling intersectional games.


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Aftermath
Moreover, in a joint statement both schools agreed that the "'game had grown to such proportions that it had come to be played under conditions escaping the control of the two colleges, some of which were not conducive to wholesome intercollegiate sport.'" Nevertheless, the two schools have played a game 17 times since their 1947 encounter (as of 2020), with Notre Dame winning 16 of these games. (Overall, Notre Dame leads the series 39–8–4).


1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game, Aftermath
In 2010, the two teams played at the new Yankee Stadium, which marked the second time the teams had returned to the Bronx since the 1946 "Game of the Century". Johnny Lujack was chosen as honorary captain for Notre Dame. He was joined on the Army side by Pete Dawkins, who won the Heisman Trophy in 1958, the year that saw the only Army victory over Notre Dame since the annual series had been discontinued. (Notre Dame won the game, 27–3.)


1946 Ashfield state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Ashfield on 9 November 1946 because of the resignation of Athol Richardson (Liberal) to contest the federal seat of Parkes at the 1946 election. Richardson was narrowly defeated, and nominated as a candidate to regain the seat.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1946 Atlantic hurricane season resulted in no fatalities in the United States. The season officially began on June 15, 1946, and lasted until November 15, 1946. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. However, the first storm, developed in the Gulf of Mexico on June 13, while the final system dissipated just offshore Florida on November 3. There were seven tropical storm; three of them attained hurricane status, while none intensified into major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. This had not occurred since 1940 and would not again until 1968. Operationally, the fifth tropical storm, which existed near the Azores in early October, was not considered a tropical cyclone, but was added to HURDAT in 2014.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season
Although every tropical storm impacted land, effects overall were light, with less than $10 million (1946 USD) in damage and no deaths in the United States throughout the season. The season's most intense cyclone was the fourth hurricane. While the storm was moving northeastward offshore the East Coast of the United States, the Norwegian tanker Maril II was destroyed at sea, causing 16 drownings; the incident could not be directly attributed to the hurricane. The second storm brought relatively minor damage to the Cape Fear region of North Carolina after striking the state early in its duration.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season
While an extratropical cyclone, the remnants of the fifth cyclone devastated a few islands of the Azores and left 120 fishermen missing. The Florida hurricane severely damaged sugar cane in western Cuba and caused five deaths in the island nation. Additionally, the storm left $5.2 million in damage in Florida, mostly inflicting citrus crops. The final storm caused several millions of dollars in damage to crops near Lake Okeechobee.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 16, 1946. However, tropical cyclogenesis began on June 13, three days before the official start of the season. There was a total of seven tropical storms, slightly below the contemporaneous 20-year average of 8.5 per season. Three of those strengthened into hurricanes, while none reached major hurricane status – Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale – for the first time since 1940 and it was a phenomenon that would not occur again until 1968.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
One hurricane made landfall in the United States, while the two other storms with winds of at least 74 mph (119 km/h) remained at sea during their strongest intensities. Overall in the United States, the season resulted in less than $10 million in damage and no deaths. Collectively, the storms of the season left at least $5.2 million in damage. The final cyclone of the season dissipated on November 3, 12 days before the official end of the season on November 15, 1946.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
Tropical cyclogenesis began with the development of a tropical storm over the Gulf of Mexico on June 13. The next system formed offshore the Southeastern United States on July 5. Activity then ceased for nearly seven weeks, until August 25, when the third storm originated in the Bay of Campeche. Although September is the climatological peak of hurricane season, there was only one tropical cyclone that strengthened to tropical storm status that month.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The season's most intense storm developed on September 12 and later peaked as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a lowest known barometric pressure of 975 millibars (28.8 inHg). Additionally, a tropical depression briefly existed near Central America. October was the most active month of the season, with three tropical cyclones. The third storm in October, which was the last system of the season, lasted until November 3.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 20, the lowest total since 1925 and until 1983. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is tropical storm strength.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
A disturbance accompanied by a small area of convection developed into a tropical depression about 165 miles (265 km) south-southwest of Cape San Blas, Florida, at 12:00 UTC on June 13. Moving slowly northwestward, the depression intensified into a tropical storm early on the next day. The storm did not deepen beyond maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h), while historical weather maps indicated a barometric pressure of 1,014 millibars (29.9 inHg) on June 15, the lowest in relation to the storm. Later that day, the cyclone weakened to a tropical depression offshore Louisiana.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One
The storm made landfall just east of the Louisiana–Texas border on June 16 and rapidly dissipated. It may have remained a tropical depression throughout its lifespan but data was inconclusive. Winds of 36 mph (58 km/h) were observed at Grand Isle, Louisiana, while winds of "gentle to moderate force" occurred in Texas.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
The interaction between a frontal boundary and a tropical wave resulted in the development of an extratropical cyclone on July 5 offshore the Southeastern United States. Throughout the day, the storm acquired tropical characteristics. Around 00:00 UTC on July 6, the system transitioned into a tropical storm while located about 35 mi (55 km) south-southeast of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The cyclone moved northeastward and made landfall near Oak Island, North Carolina, around 08:00 UTC with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
In the state, Carolina Beach and Wrightsville Beach observed sustained winds of 45 mph (72 km/h) and gusts of 50–60 mph (80–97 km/h). In the Wilmington area, winds damaged plate-glass windows and caused brief disruptions to electricity and communication services. Further inland, heavy rainfall, including 7.84 in (199 mm) in less than 24 hours in Manteo, resulted in considerable loss to crops, with 15%-20% damaged in some areas. That was the heaviest 24-hour precipitation total recorded in Manteo since observations began in 1905.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
The storm moved northeastward and reemerged into the Atlantic Ocean near the southern end of Bodie Island early on July 7. Shortly thereafter, the cyclone began strengthening and became a Category 1 hurricane by 12:00 UTC. After slightly further intensification, the hurricane reached peak intensity at 18:00 UTC on July 7 with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). It then curved eastward and began losing tropical characteristics. At 00:00 UTC on July 9, the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located about 390 mi (630 km) south-southeast of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia. The extratropical remnants gradually curved northeastward and then north-northeastward while slowly weakening. Late on July 10, the extratropical storm dissipated near Cape Race, Newfoundland.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three
In late August, a disturbance was monitored moving over the western Caribbean Sea near Great Swan Island. Despite favorable conditions, further development did not occur until after it reached the Bay of Campeche. Early on August 25, it is estimated that a tropical storm developed after a reconnaissance aircraft flight reported that the system acquired a well-defined circulation. Peaking with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h), the storm moved quickly west-northwestward and made near Tampico, Tamaulipas, at 19:00 UTC. By early the next day, the cyclone weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated. A wind gust of 60 mph (95 km/h) was observed in Tampico.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical depression
A tropical wave over the western Caribbean Sea developed into a tropical depression about 40 mi (65 km) north of the Swan Islands on September 9. However, by the following day, historical weather maps no longer indicated a tropical depression. It is uncertain whether the system dissipated or made landfall in Central America.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
Early on September 12, the northern portion of a tropical wave spawned a tropical storm about 75 mi (120 km) east Andros Island. The storm strengthened while moving northeastward into the northern Bahamas, striking Andros Island later that day with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h). Late on September 12, the cyclone strengthened into a hurricane before making landfall on South Abaco with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). The hurricane intensified further after entering the open Atlantic, becoming on September 13.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
Shortly thereafter, it peaked with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg), both of which were observed during a reconnaissance aircraft flight. The storm accelerated and weakened due to cooler sea surface temperatures, falling to tropical storm status early on September 15. Shortly thereafter, the cyclone became extratropical about 170 mi (270 km) south of Cape Sable Island. The extratropical remnants moved across Newfoundland and the northern Atlantic, until dissipating well north of the Azores on September 17.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
In the Bahamas, Hope Town observed sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and stronger gusts, as well as a barometric pressure of 995 mbar (29.4 inHg). The Norwegian tanker Maril II sank after splitting in two, drowning sixteen people. However, because the Maril II was over 300 mi (480 km) away from the storm at the time, the incident could not be directly attributed to the hurricane.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
Some areas of Nova Scotia experienced strong winds, with sustained winds up to 60 mph (97 km/h) observed throughout the province and a gust of 71 mph (114 km/h) recorded at Sable Island. Heavy rain was also reported, with 2.9 in (74 mm) measured in Halifax. High seas during the Royal Nova Scotia Yacht Squadron race "The Hood Cup" forced the yachts to return to port. When the radar image was taken, it was only the third time in history that a hurricane passed close enough to a radar site to reveal its structure.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
A low pressure area initially associated with two frontal systems developed into a tropical depression about 560 mi (900 km) southwest of Flores Island in the Azores at 12:00 UTC on October 1. After six hours, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. It intensified further while moving east-northeastward. On October 2, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,004 mbar (29.6 inHg), both of which were observed by ships. The storm then began losing tropical characteristics and merged with a frontal boundary around 12:00 UTC on October 3 while situated about 275 mi (445 km) south-southwest of Pico Island in the Azores. This storm was not included in HURDAT until 2014.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
Although the system became extratropical, it continued to deepen further, with sustained winds reaching 90 mph (150 km/h) late on October 4. Additionally, it expanded significantly in size, reaching a diameter of about 1,035 mi (1,665 km) on October 5. Around that time, the storm passed through the Azores near Faial Island, before weakening and dissipating north of the island chain on October 6. Rough seas at Santa Maria Island left 120 fishermen missing, while 12 fishing vessels, 2 tugboats, and several launches were destroyed. Four fishing boats were also missing. Strong wind gusts up to 98 mph (158 km/h) caused "catastrophic" damage on Santa Maria and São Miguel islands. Homes, crops, and pineapple greenhouses were demolished, while communications were knocked out. Additionally, Lajes Field on Terceira Island was "practically destroyed".


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
A disturbance from the Intertropical Convergence Zone developed into a tropical storm late on October 5, while located over the western Caribbean Sea near the Belize–Mexico border. It moved northeastward and strengthened, reaching Category 1 hurricane status the next day. At 04:00 UTC on October 7, the storm made landfall in western Cuba near Boca de Galafre, Pinar del Río Province, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). A barometric pressure of 977 mbar (28.9 inHg) was observed, the lowest in relation to the system. Additionally, a station recorded a wind gust of 112 mph (180 km/h).


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
Several sugar cane fields were flattened, with millions of tons of the crop destroyed. In many towns, telephone and telegraphic communications were cut off. Five deaths occurred in Cuba. After emerging into the Gulf of Mexico on October 7, the storm curved north-northeastward and strengthened to a Category 2, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h).


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
After becoming a Category 2 hurricane on October 7, the cyclone weakened to a Category 1 just six hours later. Around 04:00 UTC on the following day, it made another landfall near Bradenton Beach, Florida, with winds of 85 mph (135 km/h). In Florida, the gusty winds and rainfall produced by the storm inflicted damage mostly on crops. About 2% of the state's total citrus crop was lost, with damage totaling $5 million. Only about $200,000 in property damage occurred, which was mostly due to coastal flooding in cities such as Everglades, Fort Myers, and Punta Gorda. Moving inland, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm later on October 8. Early on October 9, the system became extratropical over South Carolina. However, the extratropical remnants persisted for several days, moving in a semicircular path over the eastern Atlantic until dissipating well north of Hispaniola on October 14.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression late on October 31 over the Bahamas about halfway between Acklins and Little Inagua. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm early on November 1 and moved northwestward, striking several islands, including Acklins, Long Island, Exuma, and Andros. Late on November 1, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,002 mbar (29.6 inHg). The system then made landfall near Lake Worth, Florida, at the same intensity around 22:00 UTC. Early on November 2, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and recurved northeastward over Central Florida. Shortly after reemerging into the Atlantic Ocean near Ponte Vedra Beach early on November 3, the depression dissipated about 45 mi (75 km) east-northeast of Fernandina Beach.


1946 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
Due to the weak nature of the storm, no wind damage occurred. However, flooding occurred around Lake Okeechobee due to rainfall reaching 6 in (150 mm). Along main highways, several cars stalled, while a number of canals overflowed. Between 50%-70% of early fall crops in the area were damaged, with as much as 60% of snap bean crops lost. Damage was in the several millions range.


1946 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1946 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1946 college football season. It was the Tigers' 55th overall and 14th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Carl M. Voyles, in his third year, and played their home games at Auburn Stadium in Auburn, the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of four wins and six losses (4–6 overall, 1–5 in the SEC).


1946 Auburn state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Auburn on 9 November 1946 following the resignation of Jack Lang to successfully contest the seat of Reid at the 1946 federal election. His son, Chris Lang, won the by-election for his father's old seat.


1946 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1946 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of rugby union games undertaken by the Australia team in New Zealand against invitational and national teams of New Zealand. It was the first rugby union international tour after the Second World War.


1946 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
New Zealand won all three test matches to retain the Bledisloe Cup


1946 Australian Championships
The 1946 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 19 January to 29 January. It was the 34th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 8th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. It was also the first edition of the championship after a five-year hiatus due to World War II. The singles titles were won by Australians John Bromwich and Nancye Wynne Bolton.


1946 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Singles
John Bromwich defeated  Dinny Pails  5–7, 6–3, 7–5, 3–6, 6–2


1946 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
John Bromwich /  Adrian Quist defeated  Max Newcombe /  Len Schwartz 6–3, 6–1, 9–7


1946 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Joyce Fitch /  Mary Bevis defeated  Nancye Wynne Bolton /  Thelma Coyne Long 9–7, 6–4


1946 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Nancye Wynne Bolton /  Colin Long defeated  Joyce Fitch /  John Bromwich 6–0, 6–4


1946 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
John Bromwich defeated Dinny Pails 5–7, 6–3, 7–5, 3–6, 6–2 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1946 Australian Championships.


1946 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. John Bromwich is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1946 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Nancye Bolton defeated Joyce Fitch 6–4, 6–4 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1946 Australian Championships.


1946 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Nancye Bolton is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash
On Sunday 10 March 1946 a Douglas DC-3 aircraft departed from Hobart, Tasmania for a flight to Melbourne. The aircraft crashed into the sea with both engines operating less than 2 minutes after takeoff. All twenty-five people on board the aircraft died. It was Australia's worst civil aviation accident.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash
An investigation panel was promptly established to investigate the accident. The panel was unable to conclusively establish the cause but it decided the most likely cause was that the automatic pilot was inadvertently engaged shortly after takeoff while the gyroscope was caged. The Department of Civil Aviation took action to ensure that operation of the automatic pilot on-off control on Douglas DC-3 aircraft was made distinctive from operation of any other control in the cockpit, and that instructions were issued impressing on pilots that gyroscopes should be un-caged prior to takeoff.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash
An inquiry chaired by a Supreme Court judge closely examined three different theories but found there was insufficient evidence to determine any one of them as the cause. This inquiry discovered that the captain of the aircraft was diabetic and had kept it secret from both his employer and the Department of Civil Aviation. The judge considered the captain's diabetes and self-administration of insulin probably contributed significantly to the accident but he stopped short of making this his official conclusion.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash
In his report, the judge recommended modification of the lever actuating the automatic pilot. The inquiry uncovered four irregularities in the regulation of civil aviation in Australia and the judge made four recommendations to deal with these irregularities.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, The flight
The Australian National Airways aircraft registered VH-AET arrived at Cambridge aerodrome at 8:15 pm local time, about four hours late. The return flight to Essendon Airport was scheduled to depart at 4:50 pm, but did not do so until 8:50 pm.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, The flight
On board were 21 passengers, 3 pilots and an air hostess. Douglas DC-3 (and C-47) aircraft were normally crewed by two pilots but on 10 March the cockpit of VH-AET was occupied by a third person, a supernumerary pilot who was making his first flights with the airline. The weight of the aircraft was about 900 pounds (408 kg) below the maximum authorised weight. The takeoff was into a light southerly wind towards Frederick Henry Bay and the sea. Observers at the aerodrome reported that the takeoff was normal, and both engines were operating perfectly.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, The flight
Witnesses in the vicinity of Seven-Mile Beach estimated that the aircraft reached a height of a little above 400 ft (122 m) before turning left slightly and descending steeply. The aircraft cleared the land and crashed into Frederick Henry Bay about 300 yards (275 m) beyond the water's edge and a mile (1.6 km) from the western end of Seven-Mile Beach. After takeoff it flew for less than 2 minutes and covered a distance of only 2.9 nautical miles (5.4 km).


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Recovery, Wreckage
On learning of the crash at nearby Seven-Mile Beach employees of Australian National Airways raced from Cambridge aerodrome to lend assistance. About 11:15 pm the rear fuselage came to the surface a short distance off-shore. Donald Butler, one of the employees, feared the air hostess might still be trapped in her seat in the rear of the fuselage. He took a length of rope, swam out to the floating piece of structure, attached the rope to the tailwheel and then swam back to the beach. A motor lorry was used to drag the rear fuselage ashore but there was no-one inside. The right tailplane, elevator and trim tab were almost undamaged. The elevator trim tab was still set appropriately for a shallow climb after take-off.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Recovery, Wreckage
The wreckage was in about 18 ft (5.5 m) of water. A diving pontoon was towed to the site by Royal Australian Navy ship HMAS Huon. Diver Glen Thorne found pieces of wreckage scattered over a wide area of the sea bed. The aircraft had disintegrated and there were few recognisable pieces of structure. Key parts of the wreckage were eventually recovered from the sea bed by Thorne working from the pontoon.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Recovery, Bodies
About 4 hours after the crash the mutilated body of a woman was washed onto Seven-Mile Beach. Fifteen minutes later the body of a man was washed ashore. It was later identified as the body of the captain. At intervals until 6:30 am another 5 bodies were washed ashore. The next day, another 3 bodies were recovered. The bodies were badly mutilated and either naked or clad only in vestiges of underclothing, indicating the severity of the impact with the water. One body was missing a leg. A head, severed from its body, was recovered in the vicinity.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Recovery, Bodies
The bodies of 21 of the 25 people on board were eventually recovered from the beaches around Frederick Henry Bay. The remaining 4 bodies were never found. One body was found on the beach at Sandford, about 5 miles from the site of the crash. The body of the supernumerary pilot was not identified until 19 days after the accident.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Recovery, Bodies
Two years after the accident, a human thigh-bone was found on Seven-Mile Beach. Police believed the bone came from one of the bodies never recovered.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation
The director-general of Civil Aviation promptly established a panel to investigate the accident. The panel was chaired by John Watkins, Superintendent of Airworthiness & Aeronautical Engineering. After examining the wreckage recovered from the sea bed the panel was satisfied both engines were operating at high power at the time of impact and there was no pre-existing structural or mechanical defect that would explain the crash.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation
The panel arranged for the witnesses at Seven Mile Beach to observe a series of flights by a de Havilland Dragonfly taking off from Cambridge aerodrome, and to identify which flight best represented what they saw on the night of the crash. This exercise established that VH-AET reached a maximum height of about 425 feet (130 m). The panel members were satisfied that, after take-off, VH-AET achieved a normal climb of about 325 feet per minute (1.6 m/s) and a gradient of about 1¾% before suddenly commencing a descent of about 17½%. Calculations showed that the aircraft's descent reached about 4,000 feet per minute (20 m/s) and its speed about 160 mph (257 km/hour) before it struck the water.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation
The panel contemplated 25 possible causes of the accident. In its interim report to the Director-General on 20 March 1946 the panel reduced these possible causes to 3:


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation, Automatic pilot
The control box for the automatic pilot was recovered from the wreckage. The control knob for its gyroscope was in the caged position and the CAGED warning flag was in view even though the control box carried a placard stating the gyro must be uncaged before takeoff. The automatic pilot's speed valve unit was also recovered; it showed that the three valves were open in positions indicating the unit was operating at the time of the crash.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation, Automatic pilot
The investigation panel proposed that the automatic pilot might have been engaged at a height of about 400 ft (120 m) causing the aircraft to descend swiftly into the sea. Engagement could have occurred inadvertently when one of the pilots intended to select fuel cross-feed ON. The operating levers for fuel cross-feed and automatic pilot were the same shape, the same height above the cockpit floor, and about 12 inches (305 mm) apart on the cockpit control console.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation, Automatic pilot
No-one on the ground at Cambridge aerodrome saw the pilot who occupied the co-pilot seat prior to takeoff. The panel proposed that the captain may have asked the supernumerary pilot to occupy the co-pilot seat during the flight to Essendon Airport. The supernumerary pilot was on his third flight with the company and had no prior experience flying the C-47 or DC-3.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation, Automatic pilot
The panel considered that if the supernumerary pilot had occupied the co-pilot seat, and if the captain had called for fuel cross-feed to be turned ON to deal with a fuel pressure problem in one engine, it was possible the supernumerary pilot's lack of familiarity with the DC-3 cockpit caused him to inadvertently engage the automatic pilot.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation, Automatic pilot
The panel used a DC-3 aircraft with a cockpit identical to that of VH-AET to carry out four flight tests with the gyroscope caged. When the automatic pilot was engaged the control wheel moved forward so strongly it was torn from the pilot's hands, and regaining control required use of both hands and significant force. Initial tests showed that when the pilot was unprepared, up to 600 ft (183 m) could be lost before he identified the problem and disengaged the automatic pilot. On the fourth test the pilot restricted the height loss to 300 ft (91 m). The panel considered the most likely explanation of the accident was inadvertent engagement of the automatic pilot with the gyroscope caged.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Investigation, Report
The investigation panel's report to the Director-General made recommendations including:


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry
On 24 April 1946 the Minister for Civil Aviation, Arthur Drakeford, appointed Mr Justice Simpson of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory to conduct an inquiry into the accident. Counsel assisting the inquiry was to be Henry Winneke.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry
Justice Simpson examined the evidence in detail, including the evidence put forward in support of the 3 most likely causes identified by the investigation panel. He eventually found there was insufficient evidence to consider any of the theories proved. Justice Simpson's report of the findings of his inquiry was made public by the Minister on 11 June 1946. Simpson said he was satisfied the accident was not caused by failure of any part of the aircraft's structure, its engines or its controls; or failure to remove any of the flight-control clamps prior to takeoff.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Automatic pilot
John Watkins, chairman of the investigation panel, told the inquiry the evidence supporting the theory that inadvertent engagement of the automatic pilot caused the accident was that its control box was recovered from the wreckage and its gyroscope was still caged. The speed valve unit was also recovered and it indicated the automatic pilot was operating at the time of impact. Inadvertent engagement of the automatic pilot with the gyroscope caged could explain a sudden descent by a DC-3. Watkins also said the panel's report to the Director-General made several recommendations and they were already being actioned. These included one recommendation that operation of the automatic pilot on-off control on Australian-registered DC-3 aircraft should be made distinctive from operation of any other control in the cockpit.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Automatic pilot
The Flight Superintendent of Australian National Airways, Captain P.T.L. Taylor, told the inquiry he did not believe the accident could have been caused by inadvertent engagement of the automatic pilot. He said if that happened, the pilot could dis-engage it before losing 50 ft (15 m) in altitude.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Automatic pilot
The Chief Technical Adviser of Australian National Airways, Thomas Lawrence, told the inquiry he did not think there was any evidence to indicate the automatic pilot was engaged at the time of the accident. He thought the crash was the result of a combination of factors.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Bird-strike
Michael Sharland, honorary ornithologist to the Tasmanian Museum, told the Inquiry he had been shown the mutilated remains of a dead bird and had identified it as a gannet, a fishing bird known to dive on its prey from heights from 50 ft to 500 ft. He was unable to say how the bird had died but said its injuries suggested it had been in a collision with a heavy, fast-moving body. Captain P.T.L. Taylor said he thought a bird-strike on the aircraft's pitot tube could have caused the crash.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Bird-strike
Justice Simpson rejected the bird-strike theory, saying the descent of the aircraft was caused by forward-movement of the control column in the cockpit. He was unable to state what caused this movement of the control column.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Medical
The inquiry discovered that the chief-pilot of the aircraft, Captain Thomas Spence, was diabetic and had been discharged from the RAAF in September 1941 as medically unfit. In early 1942 he applied for a commercial pilot licence but did not declare his diabetes. In a medical examination for the purpose of obtaining the licence, and at all subsequent examinations, Spence had shown no sign of diabetes. A specialist in diabetes told the Inquiry it was almost impossible to detect diabetes in a person who wished to withhold it.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Medical
The inquiry also received evidence that a friend had asked Spence about his diabetes in relation to his employment as a pilot. Spence had asked his friend to keep it quiet so his employment would not be jeopardised.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Medical
The senior route captain for Australian National Airways, Captain Douglas Way, told the inquiry he was unaware Spence was treating himself with insulin. Captain Way said he knew Spence had been discharged from the RAAF as medically unfit but Spence had told him it was a minor complaint discovered when he was in Canada and when he returned to Australia he found himself cured.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Medical
At a medical examination in October 1943 for renewal of his commercial pilot licence Spence told the examiner he had been in hospital with influenza and a carbuncle. The examiner did not inquire further on the matter. Investigations with Brisbane Hospital for the purpose of informing Justice Simpson revealed that Spence's hospitalisation was for diabetic pre-coma. Justice Simpson agreed that Spence had misled many people.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Medical
Spence was scheduled to have a medical examination on 11 March and it was considered plausible that he may have taken extra insulin to prepare himself for the examination. An overdose of insulin, or irregular doses, can distort the senses and cause the muscles to be unco-ordinated.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Medical
Counsel assisting the Inquiry, Henry Winneke, advocated that the cause of the accident was Spence's diabetes. Justice Simpson was critical of the Director-General's investigation panel for considering 25 possible causes of the accident but failing to consider that the Department's negligence in licensing a diabetic pilot might have been the root cause of the accident. After the inquiry had received all available information related to Spence's diabetes, Justice Simpson said the insulin reaction of the pilot might have had a considerable bearing on the accident.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Medical
In Justice Simpson's report to the Governor-General he wrote that he could see much to support the theory that the most likely cause was Spence's actions in the cockpit while he was adversely affected by insulin. However, in his report he didn't determine that the accident had been caused by Spence's medical condition because there was insufficient evidence to completely prove the theory.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Inquiry, Irregularities
During the court of inquiry Justice Simpson became aware of four irregularities and listed them in his report.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Coronial inquest
The Tasmania Coroner, Mr Sorell, investigated the deaths of the 21 people whose bodies had been recovered. He determined that the causes of their deaths were multiple fractures and injuries but he was unable to say how or in what manner they met their deaths.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Flight crew
The captain was Thomas Spence, aged 30. He had about 3,500 hours flying experience and had been a captain of Douglas DC-3 aircraft for a year. He joined Australian National Airways in June 1942.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Flight crew
The co-pilot was David Collum, aged 21. He had about 1,400 hours flying experience, mostly with Australian National Airways.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Flight crew
The supernumerary pilot was Austin Gibson, aged 37. He had about 2,500 hours flying experience in the RAAF; half of this as a flying instructor. He had over 1,000 hours in command of twin-engine Anson, Oxford, Hudson and Beaufort aircraft but no experience on the Douglas C-47 or DC-3.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Aircraft
The aircraft was constructed in 1942 as a Douglas C-47-DL transport aircraft with a Douglas serial number 6013. It was assigned the US military serial number 41-18652 and in 1943 was delivered to the US Army Air Force in Brisbane. In November 1944, it was sold to the Commonwealth of Australia. Twelve C-47s were purchased by the Commonwealth of Australia and hired out under charter to aviation companies, six to Australian National Airways.


1946 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash, Aircraft
The aircraft was registered VH-AET by the Commonwealth and hired out to Australian National Airways on 20 December 1944. Australian National Airways converted it to the civil aircraft configuration about a year before the crash. VH-AET flew for 7,477 hours.


1946 Australian federal election
The 1946 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 28 September 1946. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley defeated the opposition Liberal–Country coalition, led by Robert Menzies. It was the Liberal Party's first federal election since its creation. This was the first time the Labor party had won a second consecutive election. This was also the last time the Labor party would win a federal election until the 1972 election.


1946 Australian federal election
The election was held in conjunction with three referendum questions, one of which was carried.


1946 Australian referendum
The 1946 Australian Referendum was held on 28 September 1946. It contained three referendum questions.


1946 Australian referendum
The referendum was held in conjunction with the 1946 federal election.


1946 Australian referendum (Industrial Employment)
Constitution Alteration (Industrial Employment) 1946 was an Australian referendum held in the 1946 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to give the Commonwealth legislative power over the terms and conditions of industrial employment but not so as to authorise any form of industrial conscription. The question was narrowly rejected.


1946 Australian referendum (Industrial Employment), Question
Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Industrial Employment) 1946'?


1946 Australian referendum (Industrial Employment), Results
* Armed forces totals are also included in their respective states.


1946 Australian referendum (Industrial Employment), Discussion
This was one of the few occasions when an overall national majority was evident, albeit by a small margin, but no state majority was reached resulting in the referendum being not carried.


1946 Australian referendum (Marketing)
Constitution Alteration (Organised Marketing of Primary Products) 1946 was an Australian referendum held in the 1946 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to remove restrictions in Section 92 of the Constitution which limited Commonwealth power to make laws with respect to the organised marketing of primary products.


1946 Australian referendum (Marketing), Question
Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled "Constitution Alteration (Organised Marketing of Primary Products) 1946"?


1946 Australian referendum (Marketing), Results
* Armed forces totals are also included in their respective states.


1946 Australian referendum (Marketing), Discussion
This was one of the few occasions when an overall national majority was evident, albeit by a small margin, but no state majority was reached resulting in the referendum being not carried.


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services)
Constitution Alteration (Social Services) 1946 proposed to extend the powers of government over a range of social services. The question was put to a referendum in the 1946 Australian referendum with two other (unrelated) questions. It was carried and inserted s51(xxiiiA) into section 51 of the Australian Constitution.


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services), Question
Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Social Services) 1946'?


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services), Discussion
This was one of the eight referendum questions which were passed.


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services), Discussion
Section 51 of the Australian Constitution grants the commonwealth legislative power. Prior to this amendment the only social services provision was s51(xxiii) that gave power to legislate for invalid and old-age pensions. This amendment introduced s51(xxiiiA), which reads:


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services), Discussion
(xxiiiA) the provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances;


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services), Discussion
Notably, federal legislation already existed on a number of these issues despite the lack of a clear constitutional basis: child endowment payments were introduced in 1941, widow's pensions in 1942, and unemployment benefits (commonwealth) in 1945. These payments were based on the spending power (s81). However, in the Pharmaceutical Benefits Case (Attorney-General (Victoria); Ex rel Dale v Commonwealth) constitutional questions were raised about the validity of Commonwealth social security legislation based on s81. The High Court held unconstitutional the Pharmaceutical Benefits Act 1944, which sought to introduce a scheme of subsidised medications, because it was not supported by a section 51 head of power and could not be supported by s81.


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services), Discussion
The amendment was therefore intended to clarify and enshrine the existence of a power that was already being exercised and received bipartisan support. This perhaps explains why this amendment was carried, given that it was already accepted as an area of Commonwealth activity. In addition, a "no" vote could have ended welfare programs from which voters were benefiting.


1946 Australian referendum (Social Services), Discussion
After the amendment the Social Services Consolidation Act 1947 was passed. In addition the Pharmaceutical Benefits scheme, held unconstitutional in the Pharmaceutical Benefits case, was reintroduced and passed as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Act 1947.


1946 BYU Cougars football team
The 1946 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Mountain States Conference (MSC) during the 1946 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Eddie Kimball, the Cougars compiled a 5–4–1 record (3–2–1 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the MSC, and were outscored by a total of 119 to 94.


1946 BYU Cougars football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Cougars were selected.


1946 Balkan Cup
The 1946 Balkan Cup was the 8th edition of this tournament. The winner was Albania.


1946 Balkan Cup, Squads, Yugoslavia
(Age as of 7 October 1946, the date of the tournament's opening match between Albania and Yugoslavia; caps column lists national team appearances prior to tournament)Head coaches: Milorad Arsenijević and Aleksandar Tirnanić


1946 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1946 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1946 college football season. In its 11th season under head coach John Magnabosco, the team compiled a 3–4–1 record (3–3 against ICC opponents) and finished in a tie for seventh place out of 15 teams in the conference.


1946 Barbadian general election
General elections were held in Barbados in November 1946. The Barbados Labour Party emerged as the largest party, winning nine of the 24 seats. Following the election, ministerial portfolios were introduced.


1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1946 were conducted by methods refashioned and then fashioned again during the year. As in 1945, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent players, and elected no one. Also, as in 1945, the Old Timers Committee responded by electing the biggest class yet, then 10 and now 11 people: Jesse Burkett, Frank Chance, Jack Chesbro, Johnny Evers, Clark Griffith, Tommy McCarthy, Joe McGinnity, Eddie Plank, Joe Tinker, Rube Waddell, and Ed Walsh.


1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
The election of the 11 players was announced in April 1946. At that time, Burkett, Evers, Griffith, Tinker, and Walsh were still living. The June 13, 1946, induction ceremony in Cooperstown, New York, honored former Commissioner of Baseball Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who had been elected to the Hall of Fame shortly after his death in late 1944. The players elected in 1946 were inducted—along with players elected the following year—on July 21, 1947, in Cooperstown. Johnny Evers had died in March 1947, and of the four inductees still living, only Ed Walsh was at the ceremony.


1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Most of those "old timers" were star players from the 1900s and 1910s rather than the 19th century. Afterward, the jurisdiction of the BBWAA was formally reduced to cover only players who retired during the last 25 years; for the 1947 election, those would be players active in 1922 and later. Perhaps the relatively narrow scope would help the writers concentrate their votes on a few candidates. To make certain, the rules for 1947 provided for a runoff ballot in case of no winner on the first ballot. Also, on December 3, 1946, the BBWAA limited voting to writers who had been members for at least 10 years.


1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
Because the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) had failed to elect any candidates in 1945, and had elected only one player since 1939, the previous delay of three years between elections had been eliminated in September 1945 by the Hall of Fame Committee, and annual elections restored. In response to the high number of candidates drawing votes in the 1945 election, a two-step ballot process was created to narrow the field for a final vote. The first ballot would proceed in the same manner as previous elections, with voters free to name any 10 candidates. However, there would be no possibility of any inductees being elected in this vote; instead, the top 20 candidates would proceed to a final ballot. In order for any candidate to be elected, at least 200 ballots would have to be cast in each phase of the election.


1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election
In addition to the field being narrowed in this manner, it was hoped that the absence of several previously popular candidates would clear the way for others; the 10 players elected by the Old-Timers Committee in 1945 had received 26% of the vote in the last BBWAA election, and had included seven of the top 16 candidates. It was hoped that the revised approach and reduced field of candidates would result in up to five new members of the Hall annually.


1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election, Nominating stage
Members of the BBWAA again had the authority to select any players active in the 20th century (after 1900), provided they had not appeared in a major league game in 1945. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates. The top 20 candidates would advance to the final ballot, but the vote totals from the first ballot would not be revealed until the second election was over.