1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier, Foreign service, India
Work on the Majestic-class Hercules was suspended in May 1946, with the ship about 75% complete. The carrier remained in an unfinished condition until January 1957, when she was purchased by the Indian Navy. Fitted with an angled flight deck, Hercules was commissioned into the Indian Navy as INS Vikrant in 1961. Vikrant was not involved in the 1962 Sino-Indian War or the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War because she was docked for maintenance and refits on both occasions. She did operate during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, with her air group performing strike and interdiction operations in East Pakistan.


1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier, Foreign service, India
A major upgrade between 1979 and 1982 saw the carrier fitted with a new propulsion system, an updated radar suite, and a 9.75° ski-jump ramp to be used by Sea Harriers. The carrier was last deployed in 1994, and she was decommissioned in 1997. Vikrant helped the Indian Navy to become the dominant regional power.


1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier, Foreign service, India
Following her decommissioning, Vikrant was marked for preservation as a museum ship. Vikrant was opened to the public by the Indian Navy for short periods, but the inability to find an operating partner, lack of funds, and the deterioration of the ship led to the closure of the museum in 2012, and the sale of the vessel for ship breaking in early 2014.


1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier, Foreign service, Netherlands
The Royal Netherlands Navy acquired the Colossus-class Venerable in 1948, and commissioned her as HNLMS Karel Doorman. Initially, the carrier operated piston-engined aircraft, but underwent modernisation from 1955 to 1958, including a steam catapult, reinforced flight deck and aircraft lifts, and an 8° angled deck. Between the upgrade and 1964, Karel Doorman possessed a mixed air group of jet fighters, anti-submarine aircraft, and helicopters; the fixed-wing aircraft were removed in that year.


1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier, Foreign service, Netherlands
In 1968, Karel Doorman was heavily damaged by fire. She was repaired with equipment stripped from other Light Fleet carriers in reserve and awaiting disposal. However, before the fire, the Royal Netherlands Navy was reconsidering carrier-based operation, and instead of returning her to service, Karel Doorman was sold to Argentina.


1942 Detroit Lions season
The 1942 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 13th season in the National Football League. The Lions suffered the first winless season since Cincinnati went 0–8 in 1934. This was the first NFL season during U.S. involvement in World War II, which led to player shortages, and thus a depletion of talent. The Lions were hit especially hard by the loss of star halfback Byron “Whizzer” White and tackle Tony Furst. Head coach Bill Edwards was sacked after three games, but the decision had no effect on the Lions’ fortunes.


1942 Detroit Lions season
While there were talks of suspending play, it was ultimately decided to allow all professional sports to continue as morale boosters on the home front. It would remain the only winless season for the Lions until 2008.


1942 Detroit Lions season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1942 Detroit Tigers season
The 1942 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 73–81, 30 games behind the New York Yankees.


1942 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1942 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1942 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1942 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1942 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1942 Detroit Titans football team
The 1942 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit as an independent during the 1942 college football season. Detroit outscored its opponents by a combined total of 82 to 66 and finished with a 5–4 record in its 18th and final year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, Gus Dorais.


1942 Detroit Titans football team
In addition to head coach Gus Dorais, the team's coaching staff included Lloyd Brazil (backfield coach), Bud Boeringer (line coach), Edmund J. Barbour (freshman coach), and Michael H. "Dad" Butler (trainer). Quarterback Donald Hughes and end Joseph Gensheimer were the team's co-captains.


1942 Dominican Republic general election
General elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 16 May 1942. Rafael Trujillo was the only candidate in the presidential election and was elected unopposed, whilst his Dominican Party won every seat in the Congressional elections. They were the first elections in Dominican history in which women could vote, and three women were elected; Isabel Mayer to the Senate and Milady Félix de L'Official and Josefa Sánchez de González to the Chamber of Deputies.


1942 Drexel Dragons football team
1942 Drexel Dragons football team was head coached by Albert H. Repscha.


1942 Dubbo state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Dubbo on 6 June 1942. It was triggered by the death of George Wilson (Country).


1942 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1942 Duke Blue Devils football team was an American football team that represented Duke University as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1942 college football season. In its first season under head coach Eddie Cameron, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record (3–1–1 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 211 to 98. Jim Smith was the team captain. The team played its home games at Duke Stadium in Durham, North Carolina.


1942 Duquesne Dukes football team
The 1942 Duquesne Dukes football team was an American football team that represented Duquesne University as an independent during the 1942 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Aldo Donelli, Duquesne compiled a 6–3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 143 to 58.


1942 Ecuador earthquake
The 1942 Ecuador earthquake or the 1942 Guayaquil earthquake occurred on 13 May at 9:06 or 9:13 am ECT with a moment magnitude of 7.8. The temblor struck the coastal regions of Ecuador, causing damage mainly to cities like Guayaquil, Portoviejo and Guaranda, particularly towards reinforced concrete buildings. More than 300 people lost their lives and the total damage cost about US$2.5 million (1942 rate) as a result of the quake. Ecuador's largest city Guayaquil was the most affected despite the significant distantce from the epicenter. Many reinforced concrete structures in the city were completely destroyed.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Nazca Plate dives beneath the South American Plate along a convergent plate boundary stretching from Colombia to Chile in a process known as subduction. This plate boundary occasionally produces large megathrust earthquakes along the west coast of South America. The Ecuador–Colombia subduction zone occupies part of this plate boundary, where the convergence rate is between 5 and 8 cm/yr. As the plates converge, elastic energy is stored at the subduction zone where friction between the plates locks them in place. Once the strain at the subduction is too great, the plates slip and the subduction zone ruptures in an earthquake.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake struck with a hypocenter depth of 20 km, and an epicenter about 15 km west of Pedernales at 02:13 a.m. local time. The capital Quito was located some 165 km from the epicenter of the quake.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake of 1942, which was one of the largest in the country, partially ruptured a section of the subduction zone that was involved in the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake. The 1906 event broke the subduction zone for approximately 500 km. The approximate epicentral location of the 1942 quake calculated to be along the northern flanks of the Carnegie Ridge. In a period of 22 seconds, the seismic moment of the rupture was released in one simple event. Based on relocation of the aftershocks, and examining the distribution, the earthquake had ruptured a 200 km by 90 km section of the subduction zone.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Earthquake
It is the first event in a sequence of large earthquakes that would re-rupture the subduction zone. Subsequent events would follow-up in 1958, 1979 and 1998. The recent 2016 event was a repeat of the 1942 earthquake. This was similar to what was observed in Sumatra, Indonesia in the beginning of the 21st century with multiple earthquakes rupturing the Sunda subduction zone rather than in one large event.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquakes of 1942 and 2016 are part of a cycle of repeated events with an average recurrence interval period of 74 years, indicating the next event may occur in 2090.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Effects
Ecuador's largest city Guayaquil suffered the worst during the earthquake, with more than 100 lives lost, and numerous high-rise collapses. Damage was also observed in Manabí, Guayas, Los Ríos, Esmeraldas, Bolívar and Imbabura.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Effects
Moderate to high damage was reported in the Guayaquil; at least 250 km from the earthquake. In the commercial center, the earthquake had a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) to VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale, while the rest of the city and surrounding towns were exposed to intensity VII (Very strong) to VI (Strong). Countless buldings inclusing cinemas and theaters were destroyed or damaged. In this zone of high intensity, one reinforced concrete building completely collapsed while another was almost completely destroyed.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Effects
Three tall reinforced concrete structures and a number of buildings single or double storey-tall suffered complete collapse. One building that housed a clinic on the first floor crmumbled to the ground, killing 29 individuals. Three additional structures had beams on their first floors so badly rendered that supports had to be installed immediately before they could be repaired or demolished. The location where the strongest intensity was felt in Guayaquil is just west of the Guayas River, and south of Cerro Del Carmen. The reason for the sudden violent shaking in this part of the city was attributed to its location—the city is built on water-saturated clay and alluvium deposited by the Guayas River. This local geological setting amplified the seismic waves which worsened the strength of ground motion in the city.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Effects
Further heavy damage was reported in the cities of Chone, Portoviejo, Manta, Junín, Calcetan and Pedernales. In the Naranjal Canton, large fissures formed in the ground which allowed a "foamy liquid" to erupt. Many homes and buildings situated along the coast were seriously damaged or destroyed.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Effects
Shaking was felt as far as the Oriente region in the east, and the border towns of Colombia in the north.


1942 Ecuador earthquake, Effects
After the mainshock, two strong aftershocks rocked the coast of Ecuador, causing more panic. Many surviving residents decided to live in the streets during the night for fear of more damage in their homes.


1942 Edmonton municipal election
The 1942 municipal election was held November 12, 1942 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council, three trustees to sit on the public school board and five trustees to sit on the separate school board. Voters also approved an eight-hour day for firefighters. The election would normally have been held on November 11 (the rule at the time being that the municipal election would be held on the second Wednesday of November), but was delayed by a day owing to the Armistice Day holiday.


1942 Edmonton municipal election
There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Harry Ainlay (SS), James McCrie Douglas (SS), Gwendolen Clarke, Charles Gariepy, Guy Patterson were all elected to two-year terms in 1941 and were still in office.


1942 Edmonton municipal election
There were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Melvin Downey (SS), Roy Sutherland, Albert Ottewell (SS), and James Hyndman had been elected to two-year terms in 1941 and were still in office. On the separate board, two of the seven seats were occupied: Thomas Malone and William Wilde (SS) had been elected in 1941 and were still in office. Robert Tighe and Romeo Bouchard had also been elected in 1941, but Tighe had died and Bouchard had resigned. Accordingly, Joseph Gallant and J O Pilon were elected to one-year terms.


1942 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
There were 8,208 ballots cast out of 57,889 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 14.2%.


1942 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Mayor
John Wesley Fry was acclaimed to a sixth term as mayor.


1942 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Firefighter Work Hours Plebiscite
Do you approve of Bylaw No. 1019, establishing an eight-hour day for the members of the Edmonton Fire Department, to commence within one year next following the cessation of hostilities in the present war?


1942 Egyptian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt in March 1942. They were boycotted by the opposition, resulting in the ruling Wafd Party winning 240 of the 264 seats.


1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
The 1942 Eleftherias Square roundup, sometimes called Black Sabbath (Greek: Μαύρο Σάββατο) occurred on Saturday, 11 July (the Jewish sabbath) and involved 9,000 Jewish men in Eleftherias Square in Salonica, northern Greece. Jointly organized by the German occupation authorities and the collaborationist General Government of Macedonia, it was the first major antisemitic measure taken in Salonica following the 1941 Axis occupation of Greece.


1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
The conscription of all Jewish men between the ages of 18 and 45 was announced on 7 July by Generalleutnant Kurt von Krenzki, the German commander in Salonica. The Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) stated that this decision was made in agreement with Vasilis Simonides, the governor of Macedonia. Simonides published his own version of the edict the same day, stating that Jews were a racial category (similar to the 1935 Nuremberg laws). The roundup was organized by General Government of Macedonia along with Greek police, discharged military officers, and doctors. Those who did not appear faced imprisonment in Pavlos Melas concentration camp.


1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
During the roundup, which began at 8:00 and lasted until 14:00, the Jews were forced to violate the Jewish holy day by performing calisthenics and rolling on the ground; many were beaten. Those who collapsed from the abuse were attacked by guard dogs or hosed with water and kicked until they stood up. Anyone who tried to protect himself from the sunlight was also beaten. Several Jews were injured and a few died. Both German Army and Navy units as well as the Nazi SS were involved in abusing Jews during the roundup. German actresses applauded and photographed the action from balconies above the square. Greek bystanders were reported to be indifferent or amused.


1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
Following the action, René Burkhardt, the International Committee of the Red Cross representative in the city, attracted the attention of the Gestapo by asking for a list of those wounded. Registration was completed the following Monday. The collaborationist newspaper Néa Evrópi published photographs of the Jews' ordeal and reported that "non-Jewish spectators, gathered in the surrounding road ... had but one wish: that scenes such as the one they’d just seen would go on as long as possible".


1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
In the following weeks, thousands of Salonica Jews were arrested for forced labor projects. A few white-collar workers were exempted from the forced labor measures. Some Jewish veterans of the Greco-Italian war managed to avoid it, as their employment was protected for one year after their discharge from the army.


1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
The roundup is remembered as the beginning of the destruction of the Jewish community of Salonica. One survivor, Itzhak Nehama, recalled the roundup at the 1961 Eichmann trial in Jerusalem.


1942 Estonian Football Championship
The Estonian Top Division 1942 was the 21st football league season in Estonia. First round started on 19 July and ended on 6 September. Second round started on 22 September and ended on 11 October. Tartu Prefektuuri Spordiring won the title.


1942 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The 1942 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Breslau, Germany from 20 to 25 January. There were 97 fighters from 11 countries participating: Germany, Hungary, and Italy (16 boxers in each squad), and Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. After World War II, the results were annulled by AIBA.


1942 European Individual Chess Championship
European Individual Chess Championship 1942 was chess tournament purporting to be the first  European Championship  (Europameisterschaft). It was held in Munich, 14–26 September 1942, organised by Ehrhardt Post, the Chief Executive of Nazi Grossdeutscher Schachbund.


1942 European Individual Chess Championship
But given that players from Germany's enemies (Soviet Union, Great Britain and Poland) were unable to participate (because of World War II), and Jewish players barred (because of Nazi policy), this tournament was simply a manifestation of Nazi propaganda and has never received any form of official recognition as a championship. Reuben Fine commented in Chess Marches On (1945), page 136: "Alekhine has participated in a number of European shindigs, including one so-called 'European Championship' ....his competitors were at best second-rate second-raters."


1942 European Individual Chess Championship
This last opinion is curious as Alekhine (World Champion), Keres (pretendent for the title), Bogoljubow (former World Champion challenger), Stoltz (winner, ahead of Alekhine, at Munich 1941), and Junge (co-winner, with Alekhine, at Prague 1942) made Munich 1942 the world's strongest tournament in 1942. The next-strongest tournaments were Salzburg 1942, New York (US Championship) 1942, Mar del Plata 1942, Prague (Duras Memorial) 1942, and Moscow (Championship) 1942.


1942 European Individual Chess Championship, Results
Two books have appeared to date on this event. They are: Europa-Schach-Rundschau: Band 1 Europameisterschaft Munchen 1942 by Alfred Brinckmann (probably published 1943), and A müncheni sakkmesterverseny Európa bajnokságáért 1942 (Kecskemét 1942) by Gedeon Barcza. The games of the second group (Wertungsturnier – Qualification Tournament) were, in the main, published in a small booklet by Erich Friebel, published in Bruck an der Leitha in 1990.


1942 FAI Cup Final
The 1942 FAI Cup Final was the final match of the 1941–42 FAI Cup, a knock-out association football competition contested annually by clubs affiliated with the Football Association of Ireland. It took place on Sunday 26 April 1942 at Dalymount Park in Dublin, and was contested by Dundalk and Cork United. Dundalk won 3–1 to win their first FAI Cup.


1942 FAI Cup Final, Background
The two sides' three previous meetings that season had seen one win apiece and one draw. Dundalk had finished fourth in the League, and had just missed out on the League of Ireland Shield, finishing as runners-up. To reach the final, they had defeated non-League Distillery (2–1), Shelbourne (2–1), and Shamrock Rovers (2–1 in a replay following a 2–2 draw). They had lost their three previous appearances in FAI Cup finals.


1942 FAI Cup Final, Background
Cork United had already won that season's League of Ireland title, and were chasing a second League and Cup Double in a row, having only been founded in 1940. They had defeated Dundalk in the semi-final on the way to winning the FAI Cup the season before. They overcame Cork Bohemians (5–2), St James's Gate (1–0), and Drumcondra (4–2) to reach the 1942 final.


1942 FAI Cup Final, Match, Summary
The Cork side put Dundalk under pressure from kick-off, and had numerous chances through winger Jack O'Reilly, while Florrie Bourke hit the crossbar. Cork then had a goal disallowed for offside against Bourke in the 17th minute. It took until early in the second half for Cork to make the breakthrough, O'Reilly scoring in the 53rd minute. The goal brought an immediate response from Dundalk, who equalised through Arthur Kelly inside two minutes.


1942 FAI Cup Final, Match, Summary
In the 70th minute Kelly scored his second with a shot from the edge of the penalty area and, with Cork fading, Johnny Lavery made it 3–1 to Dundalk with eight minutes remaining to seal Dundalk's first FAI Cup win. The victory ended what many had come to see as a jinx - that Dundalk would never win the cup, given the number of final and semi-final defeats the club had suffered, and an excited pitch invasion delayed the trophy presentation. Five weeks later they were unofficially crowned "Champions of All Ireland", after winning the inaugural Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup.


1942 Florida A&M Rattlers football team
The 1942 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1942 college football season. In their seventh and final season under head coach "Big Bill" Bell, the Rattlers compiled a perfect 9–0 record, defeated Texas College in the Orange Blossom Classic, and won the black college national championship. The Rattlers played their home games at Sampson-Bragg Field in Tallahassee, Florida.


1942 Florida Gators football team
The 1942 Florida Gators football team represented the  University of Florida during the 1942 college football season. The season was Tom Lieb's third as Florida's head coach. By the autumn of 1942, World War II had begun to affect many college football programs. Florida lost several players and most of its coaching staff to the war effort before the season, and lost several more players during the season, leading to diminishing success as the schedule progressed.


1942 Florida Gators football team
The Gators began the season 3–1 but lost their final six contests to finish with a 3–7 overall record. Their 1–3 conference record placed ninth among twelve teams in the SEC.


1942 Football League War Cup Final
The 1942 Football League War Cup Final was contested by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Sunderland. For the only time in the competition's history, the trophy was decided over a two-leg final, played on 23 May and 30 May 1942. Wolverhampton Wanderers won the tie 6–3 on aggregate.


1942 Football League War Cup Final
One week after winning the Cup, Northern winners Wolves played the 1942 London Cup winners Brentford in a North v South charity decider at Stamford Bridge - the first of four consecutive years that such a club championship game was played on Chelsea's ground between the winners of the London Cup (from 1943 to 1945 renamed the Football League (South) War Cup) which was played as a single game at Wembley, and the two-legged winners of the Football League (North) War Cup. Wolves and Brentford drew the 1942 match 1-1 on June 6th in front of a crowd of 20,174. No replays were played when these North v South end of season 'deciders' at Chelsea ended in draws.


1942 Fordham Rams football team
The 1942 Fordham Rams football team represented Fordham University during the 1942 college football season. The Rams offense scored 103 points while the defense (due to two separate defensive collapses) allowed 155 points. Although the Rams bounced back from those losses and ended the season with a winning record, the team finished the year unranked.


1942 Fordham Rams football team
This marked the first time Fordham had finished unranked since sports writers began polling in 1935. Previously Fordham had finished 11th in the 1935 season ending UP poll, 15th in the 1936 season ending AP poll, third in 1937, 15th in 1938, 17th in 1939, 12th in 1940, and sixth in the 1941 season ending AP poll. Only Duke had finished each of the previous seasons ranked and they too finished the 1942 season unranked.


1942 Fordham Rams football team
After the season, Fordham put their football program on hiatus for the duration of World War II.


1942 Fort Douglas MPs football team
The 1942 Fort Douglas MPs football team represented Fort Douglas during the 1942 college football season. Under the coaching of a former Utah football player, Murray Maughan, the MPs compiled a 5–3 record, although they were outscored by their opponents by a total of 174 to 159. On a December 2nd Associated Press poll for the ranking of service academies, Fort Douglas received a single tenth place vote, good enough to place them at No. 20 alongside Daniel Field and Camp Shelby.


1942 Fort Knox Armoraiders football team
The 1942 Fort Knox Armoraiders football team represented Fort Knox during the 1942 college football season. The Armoraiders compiled a 2–6 record against a diverse schedule of major and small colleges, and military service squads. They also played a in a mid-season exhibition game against the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). The team was led by head coach Joe Bach, who had previously coached at Niagara University. On November 15, the Armoraiders faced off against Steelers in a charity game for the USO, marking a rare occasion of a professional football team playing against a non-professional one.


1942 Fort Monmouth Signalmen football team
The 1942 Fort Monmouth Signalmen football team represented Fort Monmouth during the 1942 college football season. The Signalmen compiled a 5–2–2 record, outscored their opponents by a total of 132 to 62, and shut out four opponents, on their way to capturing the mythical Second Army Corps area service crown with wins over Fort Totten and Camp Upton, along with a tie against Manhattan Beach. They would be ranked No. 14 in the Associated Press post-season poll for service academies.


1942 Fort Riley Centaurs football team
The 1942 Fort Riley Centaurs football team represented the Cavalry Replacement Training Center at Fort Riley, a United States Army installation located in North Central Kansas, during the 1942 college football season. The team compiled a 6–3 record, including a victory over Kansas State. Lt . Curry N. Vaughn was the team's head coach.


1942 Fort Riley Centaurs football team
Fort Riley also garnered attention in the fall of 1942 as the home base of boxer Joe Louis.


1942 Fort Totten Redlegs football team
The 1942 Fort Totten Redlegs football team represented Fort Totten during the 1942 college football season. The Redlegs compiled a 3–5–1 record, and were ranked No. 18 in the Associated Press post-season poll for service teams. There was some debate about Fort Totten's overall record for the 1942, with multiple sources citing the team had five wins and three losses prior to their contest with Fort Monmouth, and one specifying the team with four wins and three losses. However, the accounts must be incorrect, given Totten's confirmed tie against Hartwick College at the beginning of the season, and that most accounts recognize the Fort played eight games before Fort Monmouth, which corroborates with the verified number of games for the season.


1942 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1942 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State Normal School during the 1942 college football season.


1942 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
Fresno State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by seventh-year head coach James Bradshaw and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as champions of the CCAA, with a record of nine wins and one loss (9–1, 2–0 CCAA). The Bulldogs outscored their opponents 362–45 for the season, including shutting out their opponents seven times.


1942 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL
The following Fresno State Bulldog players were selected in the 1944 NFL Draft.


1942 George Washington Colonials football team
The 1942 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University in the Southern Conference during the 1942 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Johnny Baker, the team compiled a 3–6 record (2–4 against conference opponents), finished in 12th place in the Southern Conference, and was outscored by a total of 149 to 62. After the 1942 season, the school did not field another football team until 1946.


1942 Georgetown Hoyas football team
The 1942 Georgetown Hoyas football team was an American football team that represented Georgetown University as an independent during the 1942 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Jack Hagerty, the Hoyas compiled a 5–3–1 record and were outscored by a total of 115 to 92. The team played its home games at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C.


1942 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1942 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1942 college football season. Led by Heisman Trophy winner Frank Sinkwich, the Bulldogs compiled an 11–1 record and won the Rose Bowl. The 75–0 win over Florida is the largest margin of victory in the series history. The Bulldogs were ranked second in the final AP Poll, conducted before bowl season. While the Ohio State Buckeyes were crowned national champions by AP, Georgia was named national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Berryman, Billingsley, DeVold, Houlgate, Litkenhous, Poling, Sagarin, Sagarin (ELO-Chess), and Williamson. The Buckeyes did not compete in a bowl game in 1942.


1942 Georgia Pre-Flight Skycrackers football team
The 1942 Georgia Pre-Flight Skycrackers football team represented the United States Navy pre-flight aviation training school at the University of Georgia during the 1942 college football season. The team compiled a 7–1–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 183 to 105. The team was ranked No. 3 among the service teams in a poll of 91 sports writers conducted by the Associated Press.


1942 Georgia Pre-Flight Skycrackers football team
Raymond "Bear" Wolf was the team's head coach. The roster of the 1942 Georgia Pre-Flight team was made up of stars from colleges and NFL teams around the country. Notable players (with their prior team in parenthesis) included: Frank Filchock (Washington Redskins), Bob Suffridge (Philadelphia Eagles), Ernie Blandin (Tulane), Jim Poole (New York Giants), Charlie Timmons (Georgia/Clemson), Allie White (Philadelphia Eagles), Darrell Tully (Detroit Lions), Herschel Ramsey (Philadelphia Eagles), Bob Foxx (Tennessee, 1939 SEC Co-Player of the Year), Noble Doss (Texas), Billy Patterson (Pittsburgh Steelers), Al Piasecky (Duke), Ed Hickerson (Alabama), and Bill Kirchem (Tulane).


1942 Georgia Pre-Flight Skycrackers football team
Two Skycrackers were named to the 1942 All-Navy All-America football team: Jim Poole at left end and Bill Davis at right tackle. In addition,Gordon English (left end) and Francis Crimmins (left guard) were named to the 1942 All-Navy Preflight Cadet All-America team.


1942 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1942 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1942 college football season. They won the first nine games of the season, before losing its final two games, including a loss in the 1943 Cotton Bowl to Texas.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1942 Georgia gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1942, in order to elect the Governor of Georgia. The governor was elected to a four-year term for the first time, instead of a two-year term.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor Eugene Talmadge was defeated in the Democratic primary.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election
As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran with only token opposition in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
The Democratic primary election was held on September 9, 1942. As there were only two candidates, there was no run-off.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
From 1917 until 1962, the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Georgia used a voting system called the county unit system to determine victors in statewide primary elections.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
The system was ostensibly designed to function similarly to the Electoral College, but in practice the large ratio of unit votes for small, rural counties to unit votes for more populous urban areas provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
Under the county unit system, the 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories. The largest eight counties were classified as "Urban", the next-largest 30 counties were classified as "Town", and the remaining 121 counties were classified as "Rural". Urban counties were given 6 unit votes, Town counties were given 4 unit votes, and Rural counties were given 2 unit votes, for a total of 410 available unit votes. Each county's unit votes were awarded on a winner-take-all basis.


1942 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
Candidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes (not necessarily a majority of the popular vote), or 206 total unit votes, to win the election. If no candidate received a majority in the initial primary, a runoff election was held between the top two candidates to determine a winner.


1942 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1942 German Ice Hockey Championship was the 26th season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. 12 teams participated in the first round. The championship was abandoned after the first round, and no champion was declared..


1942 German football championship
The  1942 German football championship, the 35th edition of the competition, was won by Schalke 04, the club's sixth championship, won by defeating First Vienna FC in the final. It marked the third and last occasion of a club from Vienna (German: Wien) in the final, Rapid Wien having won the competition in the previous season while Admira Wien had made a losing appearance in the 1939 final. It was the last time that Schalke was awarded the Viktoria, the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 as the trophy disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War.


1942 German football championship
Schalke's Fritz Szepan was the 1942 championships top scorer with eight goals.


1942 German football championship
The 1942 championship marked the last highlight of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933, 1938 and 1941. By appearing in the 1942 final Schalke also equaled Hertha BSC's record of six consecutive final appearances which the latter had set from 1926 to 1931. Schalke would however not win another German championship until 1958.


1942 German football championship
The twenty-five  1941–42 Gauliga champions, five more than in the previous season, competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion. In the following season, the German championship was played with twenty nine clubs. From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years, reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season, 1943–44.


1942 Glasgow Cathcart by-election
The Glasgow Cathcart by-election of 1942 was held on 29 April 1942. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Train. It was won by the Conservative candidate Francis Beattie.


1942 Governor General's Awards
The 1942 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the seventh rendition of the Governor General's Awards, Canada's annual national awards program which then comprised literary awards alone. The awards recognized Canadian writers for new English-language works published in Canada during 1942 and were presented in 1943. There were no cash prizes.


1942 Governor General's Awards
There were four awards in the three established categories, which recognized English-language works only. A second award for non-fiction was introduced, and two were conferred annually through the 1958 cycle, after which there were several changes for the 1959 Governor General's Awards under the new administrator Canada Council.


1942 Grantham by-election
The Grantham by-election, 1942 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Grantham on 25 March 1942.


1942 Grantham by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the ennoblement of the sitting Conservative MP, Rt Hon. Sir Victor Warrender as Baron Bruntisfield. He had been MP here since gaining the seat from the Liberal party in 1923.


1942 Grantham by-election, Election history
Grantham had been won by the Conservative Party at every election since 1923. The result at the last General election was as follows;


1942 Grantham by-election, Candidates
The local Conservatives selected 57-year-old Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Longmore. The outbreak of the Second World War found Longmore an Air Chief Marshal and in charge of RAF Training Command. On 2 April 1940, he was appointed Air Officer Commanding in the Middle East. He did not long enjoy the full confidence of Winston Churchill in that position and was relieved of his command in May 1941. His last role before his formal retirement in 1942 was as Inspector-General of the RAF.


1942 Grantham by-election, Candidates
Longmore's constant demands for reinforcements resulted in some unwelcome attention from Churchill, who hated pessimists and senior commanders who complained about their lack of resources. After some acerbic correspondence, in which Churchill accused Longmore of failing to make proper use of the manpower and aircraft he had, Longmore was recalled to London in May 1941. However, given the prominence of RAF Cranwell in the constituency, Longmore looked a suitable candidate, even if he was an outsider.


1942 Grantham by-election, Candidates
The Labour party had re-selected Montague Moore to be their candidate at the General Election expected to take place in 1939-40. He was a local schoolmaster at Claypole. He had fought the seat on four previous occasions for Labour having started his political career as a Conservative. At the time of the by-election, he was still theoretically their candidate. The Liberals had not run a candidate here since they nearly re-gained the seat in 1929 and had no candidate in place at the outbreak of war. In accordance with the terms of the wartime electoral truce, no official Labour or Liberal candidate was put forward.


1942 Grantham by-election, Candidates
However, an Independent candidate emerged in the person of 39-year-old Denis Kendall. In 1938, Kendall moved to Grantham and became Managing Director of an arms production company, the British Manufacture and Research Company (BMARC). His factory was highly productive, where workers were well-paid and provided with endless music and dance parties. He was a member of Grantham Labour party but when the news first broke of a by-election, he had approached the local Conservatives offering to be their candidate, but was turned down.


1942 Grantham by-election, Campaign
Polling day was set for 25 March 1942. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a two horse race, between the Conservative Longmore and the Independent Kendall.


1942 Grantham by-election, Campaign
Longmore received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition.


1942 Grantham by-election, Campaign
Kendall had initially been supported by the Grantham Labour Party, which then withdrew support on orders from Labour Party headquarters. The party kept its collective head down during the campaign, though they did have to restrain Montague Moore, the previous Labour candidate and a few other local Labour members from actively supporting Kendall.


1942 Grantham by-election, Campaign
The war was not going well for the Allies; the Soviets had been driven back, the Japanese had taken Singapore and many were calling for Britain to  create a 'Second Front' in Europe. The popular Labour politician Sir Stafford Cripps, who had returned to Britain following a spell as Ambassador to the Soviet Union, was brought into Churchill's War Cabinet.


1942 Grantham by-election, Campaign
One of Kendall's campaign leaflets proclaimed that "Denis Kendall is another Stafford Cripps. Independent yet Churchillian." Kendall campaigned against the "gang" around Churchill without being critical of Churchill himself.


1942 Grantham by-election, Campaign
Kendall revealed wartime production figures in his election hustings speeches to criticise the government, but in a way that breached the Official Secrets and the Defence of the Realm Acts.


1942 Grantham by-election, Campaign
The Grantham Communist party in line with the position taken by their national headquarters, circulated a leaflet that urged electors to vote for the Conservative Longmore, so as to show solidarity with the Red Army.


1942 Grantham by-election, Result
Kendall won and became the first Independent to defeat a government candidate since the war started;


1942 Grantham by-election, Result
On 18 April 1942, the magazine Picture Post published a lengthy interview with Kendall with accompanying action pictures and the eye-catching quote: "I won't sit down and I won't shut up".


1942 Grantham by-election, Aftermath
In 1945, even with the intervention of a Labour candidate, Kendall still beat the Conservative into second place. The result at the following General election;


1942 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team
The 1942 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team represented the United States Navy's Great Lakes Naval Training Station (Great Lakes NTS) during the 1942 college football season. Playing a schedule that included six Big Nine Conference football teams, Notre Dame, Pitt, Michigan State, and Missouri, the team compiled an 8–3–1 record, shut out seven opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 222 to 55. The team was ranked No. 1 among the service teams in a poll of 91 sports writers conducted by the Associated Press.


1942 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team
The team's head coach was Tony Hinkle, who coached football, baseball, and basketball at Butler University before the war. Butler agreed in March 1942 to send Hinkle to Great Lakes NTS to assist in the war effort.


1942 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team
The team was made up of college and professional football players who were serving in the Navy and stationed at Great Lakes NTS. The team was led on offense by Bruce Smith, who won the Heisman Trophy in 1941 while playing for Minnesota. Other players included: Rudy Mucha, a consensus All-American center in 1940 who spent the 1941 season in the NFL, Bob Sweiger (fullback, Minnesota), Pete Kmetovic (halfback, Stanford), Bill Radovich (guard, USC/Detroit Lions), Carl Mulleneaux (end, Utah State), and Steve Belichick, father of Bill Belichick who played for the Detroit Lions in 1941.


1942 Green Bay Packers season
The 1942 Green Bay Packers season was their 24th season overall and their 22nd season in the National Football League. The team finished with an 8–2–1 record under coach Curly Lambeau, earning a second-place finish in the Western Conference.


1942 Green Bay Packers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1942 Guatemala earthquake
The 1942 Guatemala earthquake occurred at 17:37 local time on August 6 and had ratings of 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and 7.9 on the surface wave magnitude scale. The epicenter was located off the southern coast of Guatemala, and it was one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded there.


1942 Guatemala earthquake
The earthquake caused widespread damage in the west-central highlands of Guatemala. Thirty-eight people died in the earthquake. Landslides caused by the combination of the earthquake and the heavy seasonal rains destroyed roads, the Inter-American Highway, and telegraph lines. In Tecpán Guatemala, more than 60% of the houses were demolished. Damage was reported in some buildings in Antigua Guatemala, including the Palacio de Los Capitanes Generales and some catholic churches. The earthquake could also be felt strongly in Mexico and El Salvador.


1942 Guatemala earthquake
This earthquake was a lower crustal intraplate earthquake with a compressional focal mechanism. Tensional activity has been dominant along the down-dip edge along the 1942 rupture zone. It was estimated that earthquakes near the Middle America Trench with magnitudes of about 7.5~8.0 occurred at intervals of 94 ± 54 yrs in southwestern Guatemala. Such historical earthquakes included the earthquakes in 1765, 1902, and 1942.


1942 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
The 1942 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin–Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1942 college football season. The team compiled a 9–1–1 record (4–0–1 against conference opponents), tied with Texas Tech for the conference championship, lost its only game to the Second Air Force Bombers in the 1943 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 254 to 71.


1942 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
Warren B. Woodson was in his second season as the team's head coach. Woodson went into the United States Navy at the end of the regular season, and assistant coach Clark Jarnagin took over as interim head coach for the Sun Bowl game.


1942 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
Backs Rudy Mobley and Camp Wilson led the team on offense. Mobley led the country and set a new NCAA single-season record with 1,281 rushing yards in 10 regular season games.


1942 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1942 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1942 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Dick Harlow, the team compiled a 2–6–1 record and was outscored 123-52 by opponents.


1942 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.


1942 Hauraki by-election
The 1942 Hauraki by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Hauraki held during the 26th New Zealand Parliament.


1942 Hauraki by-election, Background
The by-election was held on 7 February 1942 after the death of Lt-Col John Manchester Allen a National MP on 28 November 1941 while serving with the New Zealand Army in the Middle East (Libya). A by-election was necessary although Labour did not stand a candidate as an independent candidate stood against the National candidate, Andrew Sutherland, in this strongly National-held seat.


1942 Hauraki by-election, Background
Henry Thomas Head of Parnell in Auckland stood as an "independent returned soldiers" candidate.


1942 Hauraki by-election, Results
The final count with a total of 4,916 votes cast gave Sutherland 3,805, Head 1,082 with 29 informal votes. With the low turnout and the absence of a Labour candidate, the result is not significant.


1942 Hauraki by-election, By-election date
In late November 1942 three MPs died (on 28, 29 and 30 November), two while on overseas military service. The date for the by-election(s) was a problem because of the post-Christmas break and because of the arrangements required for voting by servicemen overseas. Two by-elections were held on 7 February 1943 for Hauraki  and Temuka where two independent candidates stood, but in Mid-Canterbury the widow of the sitting member was unopposed.


1942 Hauraki by-election, By-election date
The date of the resultant by-elections had been discussed by Peter Fraser the Prime Minister and Minister in charge of the Electoral Department, the clerk of writs J. W. Heenan, and the speaker Bill Barnard. They were all National seats, and the Labour Party did not contest these wartime elections, but as independent candidates stood in two electorates, two by-elections were required.


1942 Hauraki by-election, By-election date
The speaker could not call them until the death was registered (which took longer for overseas deaths), and the Government Printing Office was closed for the Christmas-New Year holiday from 25 December to 7 January, so gazette notices could not be issued in that period. The notification of vacancies by the speaker was on 6 December 1941. A full period of 17 days was required between nomination day and polling day; ten days was too short because of the requirement to record soldier’s votes from overseas. Heenan said that an election on Saturday 27 December was not possible although Saturday 31 January was; but Saturday 7 February 1942 was selected, with the last day for nominations 21 January and writs to be returned on 23 February. Warrants were issued on 13 January.


1942 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1942 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 18th season in the Victorian Football League and 41st overall.


1942 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Premiership Season
With World War II happening at the time, Geelong weren't able to compete in the 1942 season due to wartime travel restrictions, whilst Melbourne and Collingwood struggled to field a team. Hawthorn and Collingwood also withdrew their teams from the reserves competition.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash
V9977 was an Handley Page Halifax II that had been sent to the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) at RAF Defford to be used as a flying testbed for the H2S radar.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash
On the afternoon of 7 June 1942, one of its Rolls-Royce Merlin engines caught fire and led to the aircraft crashing near the England-Wales border, killing all eleven crew-members. Among the dead was Alan Blumlein  of EMI, who was well known as the inventor of stereophonic sound recording and the 405-line television system used in the UK until 1985.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash
Investigators determined that improper engine maintenance/assembly procedures caused the accident. It remains the deadliest crash in the history of military test flight in the UK.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Construction
V9977 was an early model Halifax II, which introduced the more powerful Merlin XX engine and a number of other detail changes over the original model.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Chosen for H2S
At a meeting on 23 December 1941, the Secretary of State for Air, Archibald Sinclair, directed the TRE should direct their work on H2S radar towards the new four-engine bombers, Shorts Stirling, Handley Page Halifax and Avro Lancaster. Immediately thereafter, Philip Dee, B J O'Kane and Geoffrey Hensby visited the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at Boscombe Down to examine the available aircraft and concluded that the Halifax had the best possibilities for mounting the scanner in different locations for testing.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Chosen for H2S
On 1 January 1942, Bernard Lovell received orders from Albert Rowe, director of the TRE, to take over the direction of H2S. Three days later he visited Handley Page with Bob King, a TRE fitter who was well acquainted with the installation of test systems on a variety of aircraft, and Whitaker from Nash & Thompson, who were building the scanner system. They had collectively planned for the radar to be installed in a large 8 feet (2.4 m) long radome under the aircraft.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Chosen for H2S
They were met at the factory by a team of high-ranking members of the Halifax design team, including the chief designer, who was outraged at the idea of installing a huge radar scanner on a design built to be as fast as possible while carrying a huge bombload. The TRE team replied that it would be better to place a few bombs on the target than a huge load in a field, but could not explain much beyond that as they were under orders not to give away any details of the system. It is not recorded what arguments may have occurred within the company, but the direction from Prime Minister Churchill giving H2S the highest national priority overrode any complaints.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Chosen for H2S
V9977 landed at RAF Hurn on 27 March 1942 already modified with the perspex radome. The electronics had been assembled at Leeson House as early as January and was being tested in Bristol Blenheim V6000. A second example was fit to V9977 by 27 March, awaiting the new hydraulic scanner from Nash & Thompson which arrived on 16 April. After some debugging, the system was operational the next day, but performed very poorly, with towns becoming visible at only 4 to 5 miles (6.4 to 8.0 km) from an altitude of 8,000 ft.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Chosen for H2S
It was during this period that plans were made to move the TRE away from its exposed location on the English south coast to a more inland location. After considerable searching, Malvern was finally selected and the TRE moved en mass' in May 1942. Their experimental aircraft moved from Hurn to RAF Defford. Further work on the system continued to improve the effective range, and by early June they were achieving 25 to 30 miles (40 to 48 km).


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, The crash
On the weekend of 6 and 7 June, Lovell and the team met with Alan Blumlein and two of his associates from EMI to examine the system with an eye to beginning production. After the EMI team left to return to their hotel, Lovell flew in V9977 and received strong returns from Gloucester, Cheltenham and several other towns at previously invisible ranges.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, The crash
The EMI team decided they should see this for themselves, and took off in V9977 at about 2:50 pm on the 7th heading for the Bristol Channel. At 4:20 pm the aircraft was seen over the Forest of Dean with its outboard starboard engine on fire. Shortly after, the left wing broke off and the aircraft rolled over and crashed in a field on the Courtfield estate in Lydbrook near Welsh Bicknor on the north side of the River Wye. All aboard were killed.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, The crash
News of the crash did not reach Defford until 7:35. At 9 pm, Lovell and O'Kane were driven to the site to retrieve the top secret cavity magnetron from the wreckage.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Investigations
Due to the secret nature of the aircraft, for many years the only information available on the crash was a single index card at the Ministry of Defence that stated the accident occurred when the crew attempted to restart a failed engine which then set on fire. The extinguishers did not work and it appeared that the bottles had not been filled, and it was suggested they might have been delivered empty and never checked. They postulated that they attempted to restart the engine in order to supply power for "special equipment to enable experiment to be continued". The lack of detail led Blumlein's wife and Isaac Shoenberg, head of EMI's research division, to suspect sabotage.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Investigations
In the 1980s, members of the Royal Radar Establishment, which had taken over the TRE in 1953, began their own investigation. This was led by W.H. Sleigh, who retired in 1984 and spent the next year meticulously following up every lead. Among the bits of evidence was a series of interviews with the witness to the crash, who narrowly missed being hit by the aircraft, and a former Rolls-Royce engineer who had examined the engine after the crash.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Investigations
While the pilot was experienced, he was new to the Halifax with only 13 hours on the type. The rest of the crew were all inexperienced. There were several design flaws with the early Halifax that also contributed to the crash; the fuel valves to the engines were on the wrong side of a fireproof bulkhead, as were the extinguisher bottles. Additionally, the controls to cut off fuel to the engines were placed in a difficult to reach position far behind the cockpit.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Investigations
But the primary reason for the accident was a change that was made by Rolls-Royce shortly after V9977 entered service. Rolls had noticed that the tappet valves on the engine tended to work loose in service, which was potentially dangerous. In order to keep them in the proper locations, they had begun to install the valves with slightly less clearance in order that that would reach the proper location in service. This was easily accomplished in the factory, but for existing engines the lock nuts holding the valves in place had to be removed, 48 on each engine, the valve adjusted, and the nuts re-tightened.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Investigations
This procedure was applied to V9977 shortly before its fatal flight. One of the nuts on the engine had not been properly tightened and came loose in flight. The valve began to work its way loose and eventually broke off. This allowed the fuel-air mixture entering the engine to flow into the area under the rocker cover and catch on fire. Although the engine failed, the propeller kept it rotating, operating the fuel pumps and continuing to spray new fuel into the fire.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Investigations
The fire eventually worked its way back through the fuel lines and into the main fuel tanks. The flight engineer had to cut off the fuel supply using the controls in the fuselage, but never made it. The fire apparently broke out at an altitude of 15,000 feet, more than enough to bail out, but no one left the aircraft. It is suggested that the crew had parachutes but the observers did not, so they decided to remain with the aircraft and perform a forced landing. They almost made it; the aircraft did not break up until about 350 feet.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, History, Investigations
Sleigh sent a copy of his investigation to Lovell in September 1985, who included passages in his 1991 book, Echos of War.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, Memorials
The site today is a few metres north of Herefordshire-Gloucestershire boundary, north of the B4234; the Wye Valley Walk passes close by.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, Memorials
A memorial was built next to the site, with a memorial service on 10 June 2019; the memorial was mostly due to an employee of the Hereford Times, with help from the EMI Archive Trust.


1942 Herefordshire TRE Halifax crash, Victims
Seven RAF personnel were killed plus Alan Blumlein and three other radar scientists.


1942 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1942 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1942 college football season. In its first year under head coach Ank Scanlan, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1942 Honduran legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Honduras on 11 October 1942.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1942 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1942 college football season. The Vandals were led by second-year head coach Francis Schmidt and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus in Moscow at Neale Stadium, with one game in Boise at Public School Field, the last in southern Idaho for five years.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team
Schmidt, age 56, was a longtime college football head coach, most recently in the Big Ten Conference at Ohio State University (1934–1940), where he was succeeded by a 32-year-old high school coach named Paul Brown.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team
Shortly before the start of the 1943 season, the Idaho football program (with Washington State and Oregon State) went on hiatus due to World War II; two seasons were missed and Vandal football returned in 1945.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
The Vandals were 3–7 overall in 1942 and 1–5 in conference play.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
Prior to their second-ever night game, played at Gonzaga Stadium in Spokane against the Second Air Force on October 3, the Vandals practiced under the lights in Moscow with white and yellow footballs. They had won their first the previous year over Gonzaga, but lost to the military team, 14–0.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
In the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, the Vandals suffered a fifteenth straight loss, falling 7–0 on a soggy field at Neale Stadium in Moscow on November 14. Idaho's most recent win in the series was a 17 years earlier in 1925 and the next was a dozen years away, in 1954.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
Two weeks earlier on Halloween, Idaho broke a rare three-game losing streak to Montana in the rivalry game for the Little Brown Stein with a 21-point shutout at Missoula. The Vandals turned the tables on the Griz, who had shut out Idaho the previous year in Moscow. When Montana was a member of the PCC (through 1949), the loser of the game was frequently last in the conference standings.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
The final game was in Los Angeles on December 5, a 40–13 loss to the UCLA Bruins, the conference champions who were Rose Bowl-bound.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft
Three Vandal seniors were selected in the 1943 NFL Draft, which lasted 32 rounds (300 selections).


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, After the season
Like many colleges, the football program at Idaho was stopped during the war due to manpower shortages, made  official in late September 1943. Schmidt continued to reside in Moscow, but his health began to fail in the spring of 1944. He spent his last three weeks at St. Luke's Hospital in Spokane, Washington, where he died on September 19 at age 58.


1942 Idaho Vandals football team, After the season
UI alumnus and assistant coach James "Babe" Brown, the acting athletic director and head basketball coach, became the interim head football coach for 1945 and the head coach in 1946.


1942 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1942 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1942. Republican nominee C. A. Bottolfsen defeated Democratic incumbent Chase A. Clark with 50.15% of the vote.


1942 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1942 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1942 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first season under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 6–4 record and finished in a tie for third place in the Big Ten Conference. End Elmer Engel was selected as the team's most valuable player.


1942 Illinois elections
Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 3, 1942.


1942 Illinois elections, Election information
1942 was a midterm election year in the United States.


1942 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout
In the primary election 1,963,298 ballots were cast (1,026,644 Democratic and 936,654 Republican).


1942 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
Illinois had redistricted before this election, and had lost one seat due to reapportionment following the 1950 United States Census. All of Illinois' remaining 26 seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1942.


1942 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House
Before the election Republicans held 16 seats and Democrats held 11 seats from Illinois. In 1942, Republicans won 19 seats and Democrats won 7 seats.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer
Incumbent first-term Treasurer, Republican Warren Wright, did not seek reelection, instead opting to run for United States Senate. Republican William G. Stratton was elected to succeed him.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, Democratic primary
W. D. Forsyth defeated former Illinois Treasurer and Auditor of Public Accounts Edward J. Barrett and two other candidates.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction
Incumbent second-term Superintendent of Public Instruction John A. Wieland, a Democrat, lost reelection, being unseated by Republican Vernon L. Nickell was elected to succeed him in office.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate
Seats in the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1942. Republicans retained control of the chamber.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives
Seats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1942. Republicans retained control of the chamber.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
An election was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois. All three Republican nominees won.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
Incumbent Republican Chester R. Davis (elected in a special elections two years prior) was reelected. New Republican members Martin G. Luken and Frank H. McKelvey were also elected.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
Incumbent Democrats Homer M. Adams and James M. Cleary were not renominated.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois
Democrat Kenney E. Williamson had briefly served before, having been appointed in 1940.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Supreme Court
On June 1, 1942, several districts of the Supreme Court of Illinois had elections.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Supreme Court
Incumbent Democrat Elwyn Riley Shaw was unseated by Republican William J. Fulton.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Lower courts
Election were held on November 3, 1942 to fill two vacancies on the 16th Judicial Circuit and one vacancy on the 17th Judicial Circuit.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Lower courts
An election was held November 3, 1942 to fill two vacancies on the Superior Court of Cook County.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Illinois Revenue Amendment
The Illinois Revenue Amendment, a proposed amendment to Section 1 of Article IX of the Constitution, failed to meet the threshold for approval.


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Illinois Revenue Amendment
If approved, this amendment would have enabled the legislature to exempt from certain taxes businesses that sold food for human consumption, allowing the legislature to define the word "food".


1942 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Illinois Revenue Amendment
In order to be approved, legislatively referred constitutional amendments required approval equal to a majority of voters voting in the entire general election.


1942 Ince by-election
The Ince by-election of 1942 was held on 20 October 1942. The by-election was held due to the appointment as north-west regional fuel controller of the incumbent Labour MP, Gordon Macdonald. It was won by the unopposed Labour candidate Tom Brown.


1942 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1942 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1942 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bo McMillin, in his ninth year as head coach of the Hoosiers.


1942 Indianapolis 500
The 1942 Indianapolis 500 was scheduled for Saturday May 30, 1942, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. It was to be the 30th annual running of the famous automobile race. The race was canceled due to the United States involvement in World War II. In total, the Indianapolis 500 was not held from 1942 to 1945.


1942 Indianapolis 500
This was the second instance in which the Indianapolis Motor Speedway suspended the annual running of the Indianapolis 500. During World War I the Speedway management voluntarily suspended competition in 1917–1918. However, for World War II, the decision to cancel the race was more resolute, and ultimately was part of a four-year nationwide ban on automobile racing.


1942 Indianapolis 500
During the war, the track was closed and neglected, and fell into a terrible state of disrepair. Towards the end of the war, revival of the "500" appeared unlikely, and the facility was in danger of being demolished in favor of development.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Offseason
Following the 1941 race, the 1941 National Championship was won by Rex Mays. With the hostilities of World War II escalating abroad, rumors began to circulate during the summer of 1941 that the 1942 race may be suspended. Track officials, however, rebuffed the rumors, and insisted the race would go on as planned. The AAA Contest Board announced their rules package for 1942, and with the United States still not involved in the war, preparations were underway to race. Rules and specifications were effectively frozen, as parts shortages due to the war were beginning to affect the sport.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Offseason
A fire had swept through the "Gasoline Alley" garage area on the morning of the 1941 race, destroying the car of George Barringer, and burning down about a third of the southern bank of garages. About a month later, plans were drafted to rebuild the garages, and the work was done at some point during the summer and fall of 1941.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Offseason
As was customary at the time, a number of non-points exhibition races took place at the Speedway in July, August, and September 1941. These races were usually put on to entertain visiting conventioneers. On September 9, 1941, an exhibition "match race" was held at the Speedway to entertain delegates attending the National Association of Postal Supervisors convention. Five drivers - Duke Nalon, Cliff Bergere, Russ Snowberger, Chet Miller, and George Connor - ran two short races. Nalon won the first, a 10-mile race, and Bergere won the second, a 15-mile race. It would be the last event held at the Speedway before the war intervened.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Cancellation
Ticket order forms were available for the race in November 1941. Less than a month later, the attack on Pearl Harbor launched the United States into World War II. Within days, public and political pressure began to mount on Speedway management to suspend the race.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Cancellation
Initially, the Speedway management was noncommittal about canceling the race, and tentatively proceeded with plans for the race. On December 29, 1941, Speedway president Eddie Rickenbacker announced that the 1942 Indianapolis 500 was canceled, and the race would remain suspended throughout the duration of the war. Unlike during World War I, all automobile racing under the auspices of the AAA Contest Board was suspended, and furthermore in July 1942, the federal government moved to ban automobile racing, primarily on account of rationing.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Cancellation
Other reasons cited, however, included the need for the skilled mechanics and technicians from the racing fraternity to shift their labor to war efforts, or even enlistment. In addition, the intrinsic use of auto racing as a testing and proving ground for the automobile industry was largely unimportant, as the industry had already shifted its focus to wartime production and away from motoring public.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Cancellation
Rickenbacker initially offered the Speedway to the U. S. military for any purpose they saw fit. During World War I, it was activated as the 821st Aero Repair Squadron. But they could not use it during World War II, because warplanes of the day needed longer runways than the track's 5⁄8 mile straights provided. Thus the Speedway gates were locked, and the facility was abandoned. In March 1942, nearly the entire Speedway staff was laid off, and the headquarters offices at 444 North Capital Avenue in downtown Indianapolis was closed. The race would not be held from 1942 to 1945.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Cancellation
The golf course on the premises, however, did operate for at least some time during the war. During the period in which the track was closed, it fell into a terrible state of disrepair. Grass and weeds overwhelmed the brick racing surface, and the old wooden grandstands became frail and unsuitable and inhospitable. The infield became an un-kept quagmire of weeds and overgrowth. Locals would occasionally wander the dormant infield, hunting small vermin, ride bicycles around the course, or simply explore the grounds.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Cancellation
Many former and future Indianapolis 500 drivers were servicemen in the war effort during World War II. Sam Hanks is believed to be the only driver who served in the war, and drove in the race both before and after. Some drivers from before the war period worked as consultants during the war to various suppliers. Most drivers who served did not return to racing afterwards, but a number of drivers who were not servicemen drove before and after. Several World War II veterans returned home to later become Indy drivers, including winners Lee Wallard, Bob Sweikert, and Rodger Ward.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Revival
Towards the end of the war, Firestone received permission from the U.S. government to conduct a tire test at the Speedway. On or approximately November 25, 1944, Firestone tested several passenger cars at the track. On November 29, 1944, Wilbur Shaw tested a race car, driving a full 500 miles, averaging about 100 mph. A second similar test was reported in the spring of 1945. Driver Sam Hanks took a tour of the facility with mechanic Harry C. "Cotton" Henning, and reported that the track was overgrown with weeds, the bleachers were about to collapse, and both conjectured that the race was finished.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Revival
On May 30, 1945, Bing Crosby and Bob Hope came to the Speedway to hold a war bonds rally, putting on a 45-minute show with Jerry Colonna and other entertainers. They then took part in a charity golf tournament at the Speedway Golf Course with Ed Dudley.


1942 Indianapolis 500, Background, Revival
After World War II was over in the summer of 1945, Eddie Rickenbacker was mostly uninterested in reviving the Speedway, due to other commitments, including his involvement with Eastern Air Lines. He was looking to sell the property, perhaps to developers. Wilbur Shaw helped consummate a deal for Tony Hulman to purchase the track in November 1945, and it reopened in 1946. Hulman worked diligently over the next few months to revive and clean up the dilapidated facility, and make it suitable for world-class racing once again.


1942 Invercargill mayoral by-election
The 1942 Invercargill mayoral by-election was held on 22 June 1942 to elect the Mayor of Invercargill after the resignation of John Robert Martin due to illness on 26 May.


1942 Invercargill mayoral by-election, Background
Abraham Wachner was elected to council in 1938 and became deputy mayor in 1941.


1942 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1942 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1942 Big Ten Conference football season. This was Eddie Anderson's last season during his first stint as head coach for the Hawkeyes, before taking time off to serve in World War II.


1942 Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks football team
The 1942 Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks football team represented the United States Navy pre-flight aviation training school at the University of Iowa as an independent during the 1942 college football season. The team compiled a 7–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 211 to 121. The 1942 team was known for its difficult schedule, including Notre Dame, Michigan, Ohio State, Minnesota, Indiana, Nebraska, and Missouri. The team was ranked No. 2 among the service teams in a poll of 91 sports writers conducted by the Associated Press.


1942 Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks football team
The Navy's pre-flight aviation training school opened on April 15, 1942, with a 27-minute ceremony during which Iowa Governor George A. Wilson turned over certain facilities at the University of Iowa to be used for the training of naval aviators. At the time, Wilson said, "We are glad it is possible to place the facilities of this university and all the force and power of the state of Iowa in a service that is today most vital to safeguarding our liberties." The first group of 600 air cadets was scheduled to arrive on May 28.


1942 Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks football team
Bernie Bierman, then holding the rank of major, was placed in charge of the physical conditioning program at the school. Bieman had been the head coach of Minnesota from 1932 to 1941 and served as the head coach of the Iowa Pre-Flight team in 1942. Larry Snyder, previously the track coach at Ohio State, was assigned as Bierman's assistant. Don Heap, Dallas Ward, Babe LeVoir, and Trevor Reese were assigned as assistant coaches for the football team.


1942 Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks football team
In June 1942, Bierman addressed the "misconception" that the Iowa pre-flight school was "merely a place for varsity athletics." He said: "Our purpose here is to turn out the toughest bunch of flyers the world has ever seen and not first class athletes."


1942 Iowa Pre-Flight Seahawks football team
Two Seahawks were named to the 1942 All-Navy All-America football team: George Svendsen at center and Dick Fisher at left halfback. In addition, Bill Kolens (right tackle), Judd Ringer (right end), George Benson (quarterback), and Bill Schatzer (left halfback) were named to the 1942 All-Navy Preflight Cadet All-America team.


1942 Iowa Senate election
The 1942 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1942 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 23 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.


1942 Iowa Senate election
A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1942 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly


1942 Iowa Senate election
The primary election on June 1, 1942 determined which candidates appeared on the November 3, 1942 general election ballot.


1942 Iowa Senate election
Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa state Senate with 45 seats to Democrats' 5 seats.


1942 Iowa Senate election
To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 21 Senate seats.


1942 Iowa Senate election
Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1942 general election with the balance of power remaining unchanged with Republicans holding 45 seats and Democrats having 5 seats.


1942 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1942 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Six Conference during the 1942 college football season. Under head coaches Ray Donels (first three games) and Mike Michalske (final six games), the Cyclones compiled a 3–6 record (1–4 against conference opponents), tied for last place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 177 to 94. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.


1942 Iowa State Cyclones football team
Royal Lohry was the team captain. Back Paul Darling was selected as a first-team all-conference player.


1942 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team
The 1942 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team represented Iowa State Teachers College in the North Central Conference during the 1942 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Clyde Starbeck, the team compiled a 6–1 record (5–0 against NCC opponents) and won the conference championship. The team played its home games at O. R. Latham Stadium in Cedar Falls, Iowa.


1942 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1942 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1942. Republican nominee Bourke B. Hickenlooper defeated Democratic nominee Nelson G. Kraschel with 62.75% of the vote.


1942 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1942 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during May with the final being held at Cork Greyhound Stadium in Cork on 30 May.


1942 Irish Greyhound Derby
The winner Uacterlainn Riac won £175 but despite the poor prize money the track experienced record crowds. John Crowley a local pub owner (Western Star in Cork) trained Uacterlainn Riac and Jerry Crowley from Ovens owned him. Uacterlainn Riac also won the McAlinden Cup the same year. Cork legend states that the pub was closed for days to huge celebratory crowd afterwards. Uacterlainn Riac (meaning Creamery Brindle) had an attempt at hurdling after the Derby but failed to take to them and plans for a Grand National double were scrapped.


1942 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final Uacterlainn Riac broke well from the traps to lead all the way.


1942 Irish local elections
The 1942 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on 19 August 1942, during The Emergency.


1942 Istanbul Football Cup
The 1942 Istanbul Football Cup season was the first season of the cup. Galatasaray won the cup for the first time. The tournament was single-elimination.


1942 Jacksonville Naval Air Station Flyers football team
The 1942 Jacksonville Naval Air Station Flyers football team represented the Jacksonville Naval Air Station during the 1942 college football season. The team compiled a 9–3 record and outscored opponents 232 to 76. The team was ranked No. 6 among the service teams in a poll of 91 sports writers conducted by the Associated Press.


1942 Jacksonville Naval Air Station Flyers football team
The team's head coach was Hobbs Adams, who coached at Kansas State before the war. Key players included George McAfee (halfback, Chicago Bears), Ray Terrell (halfback, Ole Miss), George Faust (Minnesota), Bill Borcher (Oregon), Vic Fusia (Manhattan), and Bill Chipley. McAfee was selected as the right halfback on the 1942 All-Navy All-America football team.


1942 Japanese general election
General elections were held in Japan on 30 April 1942 to elect members of the House of Representatives. They were the only elections held in Japan during the Pacific theater of World War II. By this time, the House of Representatives had lost all power to the military dictatorship, a process that started with the "Manchurian Incident" when the Imperial Army invaded Manchuria without approval from the (then still civilian) cabinet in 1931.


1942 Japanese general election
Since 1932 when Admiral Viscount Saitō Makoto was appointed prime minister with the first so-called "national unity cabinet", few members of the political parties in the House of Representatives had any significant role in government. Additionally, the military had at this point transformed Japan into a totalitarian one-party state, with only the Imperial Rule Assistance Association and Imperial Army-sponsored "independents" contesting the election.


1942 Japanese general election, Background
The government of prime minister Hideki Tōjō held the election as a "General Election to Support the Greater East Asia War" at the end of April 1942, just days after the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo.


1942 Japanese general election, Background
In 1940, all political parties were forced to merge into the Imperial Rule Assistance Association (Taisei Yokusankai), a pro-military political organization headed by former prime minister Nobuyuki Abe. The likewise fascist Touhou Party broke away from the Taisei Yokusankai and turned against prime minister Hideki Tōjō. Among those running against the Taisei Yokunsakai, only the Touhou Party was allowed to run in the election as non-partisans. Among those anti-war and neutral politicians, the comparatively mild politicians successfully ran as non-partisans too. Some of those "independents" who failed to gain a seat were expelled.


1942 Japanese general election, Background
Those "independents" and expelled politicians were mainly the ruling class after the war. As communist groups, left-wing groups, and anti-war groups were illegal since 1940, they were unable to name a candidate in the election. Communists, left-wing politicians and radical anti-military politicians were arrested and not even allowed to run as independents, although anti-war politician Saitō Takao who was expelled from the diet in 1941 was re-elected again.


1942 Japanese general election, Background
Notwithstanding the Tojo government's efforts, 613 candidates stood without endorsement while only 466 were endorsed. Several non-endorsed candidates managed to win seats in the election, including Ichiro Hatoyama (who later served as prime minister and was the grandfather of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama), Takeo Miki (who later served as prime minister), Kan Abe (the grandfather of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe) and Bukichi Miki. The Tojo Cabinet marked those independent congressmen elected who were not Taisei Yokusankai members as "not endorsed" in the official result. Several of them, such as Hatoyama, were subject to the purge by the Allied authorities following the war despite the fact that they were not cooperating with the Tojo government.


1942 Japanese general election, Background
The turnout of the election was unusually high at 83.1%, partly reflecting the fierceness of the electoral battle.


1942 Japanese general election, Results
The government won 381 seats out of the total 466; in some districts, its candidates won uncontested. The Imperial Army had gained a victory in almost every battle as of the election, public support for the war was still quite high, which was the main reason for the landslide victory of the Taisei Yokusankai. Although Japan nominally became a one-party state as a result of the election, the group of Yokusankai-endorsed candidates soon split into numerous factions, some of which became critical of the government as the war dragged on.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
On 3 March 1942, PK-AFV, a Douglas DC-3-194 airliner operated by KNILM, was shot down over Western Australia by Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service fighter aircraft, resulting in the deaths of four passengers and the loss of diamonds worth an estimated A£150,000–300,000 (the equivalent of A$9.5–19 million in 2010). It is believed that the diamonds were stolen after the crash, although no-one has ever been convicted of stealing them.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
The PK-AFV Pelikaan was on a flight from Bandung, Dutch East Indies (later Indonesia), to Broome, Western Australia when it was attacked by Japanese aircraft that were carrying out an attack on Broome. PK-AFV crash-landed on a beach at Carnot Bay, 80 km (50 mi) north of Broome.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
The Pelikaan was initially registered as PH-ALP and had been operated by KLM since 25 August 1937. It was based in the Netherlands. On 10 May 1940, while the Pelikaan was en route to Asia, Nazi forces invaded the Netherlands. PK-AFV was transferred to Royal Netherlands Indies Airways (KNILM) and was re-registered as PK-AFV. The aircraft is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a C-47 Skytrain or Douglas Dakota, which were names given to the military variant of the DC-3.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown, Final flight
On 3 March 1942, the pilot of PK-AFV was a Russian World War I ace, Ivan Smirnov (or Smirnoff). The other three crew members were co-pilot Jo Hoffman, radio operator Jo Muller and flight engineer N.J. Blaauw. They were transporting eight passengers, fleeing the Japanese invasion of Java. Among the passengers were five pilots from the army and navy, Pieter Cramerus, G. D. Brinkman, Leon Vanderburg, Daan Hendriksz and  H. M. Gerrits. The other three passengers were Maria van Tuyn, her baby son Johannes and trainee flight engineer H. van Romondt.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown, Final flight
A package containing diamonds, which belonged to a Bandung firm named NV de Concurrent, was handed to Smirnov in the early morning of 3 March by G. J. Wisse, the KNILM station manager at Andir Bandung airport. Smirnov was instructed to hand it to a representative of the Commonwealth Bank once he reached Australia. He was reportedly unaware of its contents at the time. The plane was airborne at 01.15am.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown, Final flight
At about 09.00am, as the DC-3 neared Broome, skirting the Kimberley coast, three Mitsubishi Zeroes – led by the Japanese ace Lt Zenjiro Miyano – were returning to their base in Timor, after the first air raid on Broome. Smirnov was following the coastline towards Broome. The Japanese pilots, who were at a higher altitude than the DC-3, dived at it and fired at its port side, scoring numerous hits. The port engine caught fire and Smirnov was wounded in his arms and hip, but managed to put the aircraft into a steep spiral dive.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown, Final flight
Smirnoff made a wheels-down landing on the beach, according to his 1947 book "De Toekomst heeft Vleugels" (The Future has Wings). This procedure was described in many interviews in papers and on BBC radio in 1944. Smirnoff was surprised the wheels went down. While rolling along the ground, the right tire was hit and exploded causing the plane to make an abrupt right turn into the surf and deeper water. The splash extinguished the fire in the number one engine. This story is consistent with the stories told by surviving passengers Pieter Cramerus in a video interview and Leo Vanderburg in "Flight of Diamonds" by William H Tyler in 1986. A photograph in Smirnof's book between pages 72 and 73 shows that the undercarriage under engine 1 is down.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown, Final flight
The Zeroes then strafed the DC-3. The flight engineer and three passengers, including a baby, were killed and others seriously injured by bullets. Smirnov reported that the package was dropped in the water or in the plane during a recovery attempt by Van Romondt. The following day, as the survivors awaited a rescue party, a Japanese Kawanishi H6K flying boat spotted the wreck and dropped two bombs. The Kawanishi later returned and dropped another two bombs. None of the bombs caused any damage or injuries. The surviving passengers and crew were saved after spending six days on the beach.


1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown, Final flight
A mariner from Broome named Jack Palmer, arrived at the scene of the crash, a couple of days after the rescue. He later handed in over £20,000 worth of diamonds. In May 1943, Palmer and two associates, James Mulgrue and Frank Robinson, were tried in the Supreme Court of Western Australia for theft of the diamonds. All three were acquitted. No other person has been tried for the loss of the diamonds.


1942 Kansas City Monarchs season
The 1942 Kansas City Monarchs baseball team represented the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro American League (NAL) during the 1942 baseball season. The team compiled a 35–17 (.673) record, won the NAL pennant, and defeated the Homestead Grays in the 1942 Negro World Series.


1942 Kansas City Monarchs season
The team featured three players who were later inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame: center fielder Willard Brown; and pitchers Hilton Smith and Satchel Paige.


1942 Kansas City Monarchs season
The team's leading pitchers were Jack Matchett (5–1, 1.92 ERA) and Booker McDaniels (5–1, 2.44 ERA).


1942 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1942 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Six Conference during the 1942 college football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Gwinn Henry, the Jayhawks compiled a 2–8 record (1–4 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 248 to 77. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.


1942 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The team's statistical leaders included Ray Evans with 293 rushing yards and 1,117 passing yards, Otto Schnellbacher with 366 receiving yards, and Ed Lindquist with 24 points scored (four touchdowns). No team captain was elected in 1942.


1942 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1942 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1942 college football season. The team's head football coach was Ward Haylett, in his first year at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 3–8 record with a 2–3 record in conference play. They finished in fourth place in the Big Six Conference. The Wildcats scored 79 points and gave up 334 points.


1942 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 1942 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1942. Republican nominee Andrew Frank Schoeppel defeated Democratic nominee William H. Burke with 56.68% of the vote.


1942 Keighley by-election
The Keighley by-election of 1942 was held on 13 February 1942. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Hastings Lees-Smith. It was won (unopposed) by the Labour candidate Ivor Thomas.


1942 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The 1942 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1942 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Donald Starn, Kent State compiled a 5–3 record.


1942 Kentucky Derby
The 1942 Kentucky Derby was the 68th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 2, 1942.


1942 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1942 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1942 college football season. The season opened with a one-point loss to Georgia.


1942 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1942 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 48th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1942 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 26 July 1942, Carrickshock won the championship after a 3-02 to 2-03 defeat of Threecastles in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their third title in succession. They were the first team to win three titles in-a-row.


1942 LFF Lyga
The 1942 LFF Lyga was the 21st season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. LFLS Kaunas won the championship.


1942 LSU Tigers football team
The 1942 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) in the 1942 college football season.


1942 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1942 La Flèche Wallonne was the sixth edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 19 July 1942. The race started in Mons and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Karel Thijs.


1942 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1942 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College in the Middle Three Conference during the 1942 college football season. In its sixth  season under head coach Edward Mylin, the team compiled a 3–5–1 record. Charles Nagle was the team captain. The team played its home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania.


1942 Lakehurst Naval Air Station Blimps football team
The 1942 Lakehurst Naval Air Station Blimps football team represented the United States Navy's Lakehurst Naval Air Station (Lakehurst NAS) during the 1942 college football season. The team compiled a 4–4–1 record. The team's head coach was Allen Elward, who served as the head football coach at Purdue prior to the war.


1942 Lakehurst Naval Air Station Blimps football team
The team was made up of college and professional football players who were serving in the Navy and stationed at Lakehurst NAS. Key players included: halfback Jack Banta who played for the Washington Redskins in 1941; fullback Paul Spencer of Alabama; Johnny Doolan of Georgetown; end Paul Boroff of NYU; Brud Harper of Princeton; and Francis Vedery of Williams College.


1942 Latvian Higher League
In 1942 under German occupation most pre-war Latvian football clubs were restored (with the exception of ethnic minorities' sides like RKSB Riga, Hakoah Riga etc.). The championship was divided in two phases - the preliminary phase to determine the four strongest sides in Riga and two in the province, and the main phase where these six teams would settle among them positions in the Latvian Higher League.


1942 Latvian Higher League
The four clubs to finish at the top of the Riga tournament were (from first to fourth) Daugavieši, RSK Riga (later in the year renamed back to ASK Riga), LDzB Riga and RFK. From the province an automatic qualification was granted to Olimpija Liepāja, whilst Jelgavas Sporta biedrība took the second spot.