1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Causes
Of the 219 recommendations made by various committees to higher authorities, only 6 had been approved for consideration, and only 1 was implemented. The National Museum of the Royal New Zealand Navy partially attributes the lack of concern for lower-deck welfare to the breakdown of chains of communication as divisional officers were demobilised, along with the broader disruption caused by demobilisation efforts.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus
At the time of the mutiny, Black Prince was docked at the shore base HMNZS Philomel, in Devonport. The cruiser was undergoing a refit, which impacted on the ability of her personnel to live and work. The most extreme example was the closure of the ship's heads, which coincided with a bout of dysentery: in order to leave the ship and use the toilets ashore, a sailor required express permission from his supervisor, and when one man headed ashore without permission, he received seven days punishment.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus
Arbutus was secured alongside Black Prince, having just returned from a two-month show the flag cruise around the Pacific Islands. The deployment had seen several incidents, the first of which occurred while the ship was docked in Tahiti; sailors who were meant to be guarding the ship became drunk, after which a crowd of Tahitians attempted to board the ship and remove equipment. On departure, the corvette sailed into a heavy storm, which lasted for several days.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus
Waves breaking over the bow rendered the bridge unusable, and many aboard—including the ship's cat, for the first and only time in its life—were seasick. Water contamination of the fuel oil taken on in Tahiti damaged the propulsion machinery, further adding to the problems. When Arbutus finally limped into port, the ship's company were informed that they would only remain at Philomel long enough to take on aviation fuel and supplies to be delivered to the Cook Islands.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus
During Monday 31 March, there were spontaneous gatherings of sailors, during which they discovered the pay review, shipboard conditions, and the ineffectiveness of the lower-deck committees. Rumours were being spread that an announcement on pay rates would come the following day, but they would not be backdated as promised. Most came to the conclusion that the only way to bring attention to these issues was to mutiny in protest.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
At morning parade on Tuesday 1 April, around 100 sailors of Philomel informed the base commander, Commander Peter Phipps, that they intended to refuse duty in protest of the government's failure to make the new pay rates retrospective. After the Philomel mutineers left the parade ground, word circulated around the base and the ships that there would be a gathering in the base canteen at 12:00.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
Phipps had been aware of the sailors' dissatisfaction over the previous few days, but when he informed his superiors of their actions, the reply simply informed him that the details of the pay review would be published that evening. The commander ordered all Philomel personnel to assemble in the gymnasium at midday, but nobody below the rank of petty officer attended.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
After addressing those in the gymnasium, Phipps went to the canteen to talk to the sailors there: after asking them to return to duty and giving the news that the pay scales would be published that evening, he informed them that they had already committed acts of indiscipline, and "would have to take the consequences". Although aware that their actions constituted mutiny, the sailors were too frustrated with the situation to care.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
After discussing the causes of their dissatisfaction, those at the canteen meeting (which now included a number of sailors from Black Prince) decided to present a petition to the Naval Board with three demands: the new pay rates were to be made retrospective to 1 April 1946, lower-deck committees needed to be capable of addressing issues with pay and service conditions, and the sailors were not to be punished for their actions. Phipps noted the details of the petition, and left to communicate with the Naval Board.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
The bosun's pipe to resume work was sounded at 13:00, but the sailors decided that they would "go on strike" in protest instead. Although mutinying, the sailors remained calm and in control of their actions, and endeavoured to make clear that their problems were with the government, not the navy itself. When moving around the base, they had conducted themselves in an orderly and disciplined fashion, and those disembarking from Black Prince had saluted the White Ensign as required. They also took care to ensure their actions could not be attributed to external factors; for example, when one sailor consumed some rum with his lunch, he was encouraged to return to duty, so nobody could claim the mutineers were acting under the influence of alcohol.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
At 14:00, a group of mutineers went to talk to the ship's company of Arbutus, who had been confined aboard ship, from the wharf. The corvette's sailors decided to join the mutiny, bringing the numbers to just over 200: the only sailors not involved were eighteen British loan personnel and the sick berth staff at the Navy Hospital. A reply from the Naval Board was received around 16:00, although the response to the sailors' petition was uncertain and unclear, particularly in relation to the backdated pay. The mutineers decided to march off the base and head for an open space.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
While heading for the main gate, Commander Phipps intercepted the group, and "argued desperately" for the sailors to return to duty for the duration of Governor-General of New Zealand Sir Bernard Freyberg's visit, scheduled for late that afternoon. His requests were denied, and the mutineers marched out the front gate—after some milling around, they headed for the band rotunda at the Devonport Reserve.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Tuesday 1 April
The Governor-General's visit was called off, but as the Master-At-Arms and the senior petty officers were in ceremonial dress (including sheathed bayonets) during and after the walkout, it was incorrectly reported in the media that the mutineers would be forced back to duty at bayonet point. The sailors remained in the reserve during the afternoon, but eventually dispersed after coming to the conclusion that no response would be received from the government that day. It was not until 20:00 that Prime Minister Fraser announced that the pay rates would be retrospective.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Wednesday 2 April
Meeting at the reserve at 08:00 on Wednesday, the sailors learned of Fraser's remarks. Although not all were happy with the details of the new pay rates, it was agreed that their first demand had been met. By 08:10, the mutineers began to march to the gates of Philomel, where, upon being stopped by the Master-At-Arms, they asked to present their demands in relation to lower-deck committees and the foregoing of punishment for the mutiny to Commander Phipps.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Wednesday 2 April
Although willing to listen to the sailors, the only response Phipps could give was that they should return to duty, accept punishment for their actions, and bring their concerns to official channels. While still at the gates, Doctor Martyn Finlay, the local member of parliament, addressed the mutineers and informed them that the government would consider their requests, with the prime minister to respond in two hours. Fraser arrived at the reserve at noon to personally address the sailors, but most had gone home by this point, with plans to reassemble the next morning. Those remaining listened as Fraser told them that queries regarding the pay package would have been better handled through official channels, and that the sailors should return to work and accept any punishment offered, but did not take his advice.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Thursday 3 April
On Thursday morning, the mutineers went to protest at the gates of Philomel, but found them to be manned by a party of petty officers, supported by the police. Just before 08:00, Phipps announced that all sailors were to report for duty by 10:00 and be prepared to accept the consequences of the mutiny—anyone who did not would be discharged. The government was aware that a large number were unlikely to accept the offer, and accepted that this act would set the development of the RNZN back by several years.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Thursday 3 April
After the sailors returned to the reserve, Dr. Finlay advised them that they would likely forfeit all veterans' benefits if they persisted in their actions, but the warning had the opposite effect to that intended. The majority of the mutineers stripped off their rank and category insignias, medal ribbons, and good conduct badges, and returned to the base to collect their effects. However, the Master-At-Arms would only allow them onto the base individually and with an escort, and they could only claim their belongings after returning all items of uniform and equipment, even if they had been paid for through wage deductions.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Thursday 3 April
Only 23 men returned to duty; they, along with the 18 British sailors, were used to form a temporary ship's company for Arbutus, allowing her to depart for the Cook Islands that afternoon. In their haste to separate the loyalists from further mutinous influences, the ship was not properly provisioned before departure, with nothing aboard to eat but canned pilchards.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Philomel, Black Prince, and Arbutus, Thursday 3 April
During the afternoon, the chief petty officers and petty officers were asked to confirm that they would not join the mutineers. Although they expressed similar concerns as the sailors (and because of the way the pay rates scaled for higher enlisted ranks, were worse off than before), and did not agree with the handling of the mutiny by the RNZN and the government, they all agreed to remain on duty. Over the following days, another 20 personnel who were sick or otherwise not present on 3 April applied to be discharged under similar conditions to the mutineers. Six were discharged: some were sailors whose previous application for demobilisation had been refused, the rest showed good reasons for ending their service on compassionate grounds.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Tasman and Hautapu
On the morning of Tuesday 8 April, at the shore base HMNZS Tasman, in Lyttelton, seven sailors refused duty and demanded a similar discharge to those at Philomel. Also that morning, the captain of the Castle-class minesweeper HMNZS Hautapu, which was at Timaru, was presented a letter by a party of sailors stating their dissatisfaction with the handling of lower-deck committees, and that they would not work until their issues were resolved. After it became clear that the RNZN was unlikely to commit to negotiating solutions to the sailors' problems, eleven sailors left the ship, which sailed to Tasman later that day. The mutineers at Tasman and Hautapu were working in concert.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Tasman and Hautapu
Commander George Raymond Davis-Goff, in charge of naval personnel matters, was sent to Tasman, where he spoke to the base's personnel. Reminding them of the punishment for mutiny and of the oath of allegiance sworn on joining the navy, Davis-Goff convinced six of the refusing sailors to return to duty. One of the Hautapu mutineers changed his mind and met the ship at Tasman, where trainees from the base's electrical school were added to the minesweeper's complement so she could sail for Philomel. On reaching Devonport, Hautapu's personnel were used to help keep the base running. Arrest warrants were issued for the remaining Tasman and Hautapu mutineers, and all were arrested over the following days.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Bellona
At the time of the first mutiny, the Modified Dido-class cruiser HMNZS Bellona was undergoing training exercises with the Royal Australian Navy. Learning of the events in Devonport, the captain addressed the ship's company on 2 April on the need to maintain discipline and express concerns through proper channels. He also requested a detailed report on the new pay rates from the Naval Board, which was disseminated through the ship once received, with officers helping the sailors to prepare their concerns for transmission to the Naval Board.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Bellona
The cruiser returned to Devonport on 19 April, and over the next few days, rumours of a planned strike began to circulate. Bellona's captain addressed the sailors, whose concerns had shifted from pay to securing discharges similar to the main mutiny, and warned them that more severe punishments than those used for the main mutiny would be used if mutinous acts occurred.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Bellona
Many of the personnel were given a day's leave to attend Anzac Day services and events on Friday 25 April. Personnel from the cruiser were concerned about how their colleagues had been treated, and during the afternoon, about 100 sailors assembled in Quay Street, Auckland, and decided to not return to duty.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Bellona
Like the mutineers at the start of the month, the Bellona sailors had three main demands, this time that naval pay rates be increased to match those of the Army and Air Force, that committees be established to discuss problems and improve the welfare of sailors, and that the discharged sailors not be barred from the public service. Another 40 sailors mustering at Philomel before boarding Bellona were recruited into the mutiny: these men attempted to recruit more from Bellona, but the actions of the cruiser's officers prevented any additional sailors from joining them. The party then marched off the base, despite orders to halt from the Master-at-Arms stationed at the gatehouse, then dispersed.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Mutinies, Bellona
On Monday 28 April, a letter listing the mutineers demands was presented to the captain, with the intent that it be forwarded to the Naval Board. Demands in the letter included that pay rates be standardised across the armed forces, that service conditions improve and welfare committed be established, that personnel not be 'victimised' (punished) for joining the mutinies, and that the option to be discharged be offered. Instead of addressing the complaints, the Naval Board declared that any sailor who did not return to duty by the morning of Tuesday 29 April would be marked as Absent Without Leave. By morning parade, 52 men had failed to return.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Aftermath
Over the course of the mutinies, around 20% of the sailors in the RNZN were either discharged or otherwise punished for their actions. All of those discharged following the Devonport mutiny lost 10% of their deferred pay, all of their accrued leave, and any backdated pay from the review. They were also denied access to veterans' benefits, such as training subsidies or housing assistance. On learning this, some sailors attempted to rejoin, but were prevented from doing so. No courts-martial were ever held.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Aftermath
Although anyone with a dishonourable discharge was prevented from employment in the public service or any government-owned or -operated organisation, the government applied the ban to the mutineers, even though their discharges were not marked as 'dishonourable'. This prevented many mutineers from seeking employment in jobs that used their learned skills; for example, the only non-military employer of telegraphists in New Zealand was the Post and Telegraph Department. The mass discharge of sailors (including 121 with combat experience) set the development of the RNZN back by around ten years.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Aftermath
The most immediate problem was with the cruiser Black Prince, which was to return to service in June after her refit. The lack of manpower led to the refit being suspended, and the cruiser was laid up in reserve: work did not resume until early 1952, and she was returned to service in 1953.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Aftermath
The 23 men who returned to duty at Philomel were charged with "taking part in a technical mutiny without violence". Punishments included reductions in rank, loss of good conduct badges, leave, or pay, or short periods of imprisonment. Many were also given suspended sentences of between 60 and 66 days imprisonment. The sailors from both Tasman and Hautapu were all charged with mutiny, with the sailors from the minesweeper also charged with desertion, and were all imprisoned for 60 days, although this was later commuted to sentences of between 14 and 24 days.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Aftermath
The 52 Bellona sailors who did not return by the Naval Board deadline were marked as having deserted, even though naval regulations meant that they had to be absent for seven days before being considered deserters. Once marked, the sailors lost all unpaid pay and allowances. Between the date of the mutiny and 23 June, when Bellona sailed to the Bay of Islands on her next deployment, another 32 men returned, with 11 senior sailors and 9 junior sailors still absent.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Aftermath
Various charges were laid against the sailors depending on the severity of their actions during the mutiny, ranging from "negligently performing their duty in not preserving order", to "wilfully disobeying a legal command", to "joining a mutiny not accompanied by violence". The sailors were sentenced to periods of imprisonment up to 92 days, with some personnel demoted or stripped of good conduct badges. Of the 20 who failed to return, some were tracked down and arrested, while others gave themselves up to authorities: one sailor was at large for over two years before his arrest, detention, and dismissal.


1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies, Aftermath
The size, scope, and long-term impact of the mutiny have been downplayed over time. There was no mention of the events in the official history published in 1991 to commemorate the RNZN's 50th anniversary.


1947 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1947 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1947 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Queensmen compiled an 8–1 record and outscored their opponents 262 to 99. The team lost its opening game against Columbia before winning eight consecutive games, including a 31–7 victory over Harvard.


1947 Ryder Cup
The 7th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 1–2, 1947 at Portland Golf Club in Portland, Oregon, marking a resumption of the competition after a full decade. World War II forced cancellations from 1939 to 1945; the last competition was in 1937. The United States overwhelmed the British team, 11–1.


1947 Ryder Cup
An invitation to renew the Ryder Cup was sent by the American P.G.A. in November 1946. This was accepted by the British P.G.A. in December. However it was not until August 1947 that the dates and venue were agreed.


1947 Ryder Cup
The revival of the Ryder Cup in 1947 was initiated by Portland businessman Robert A. Hudson, who paid for the expenses of the teams and chaired the event. He even met the British team in New York, threw a lavish party at the Waldorf-Astoria, and accompanied them on the four-day rail journey across the U.S. to Portland.


1947 Ryder Cup
The course had hosted the stroke play Portland Open on the PGA Tour in 1944 and 1945, won by Sam Snead and Ben Hogan, and the match play PGA Championship in August 1946, won by Hogan.


1947 Ryder Cup
The American team won all four matches on the opening day and continued to dominate by winning all but one singles match. The only British victory in the competition came when Sam King beat Herman Keiser 4 & 3.


1947 Ryder Cup
Played in the Pacific Northwest in November in wind and rain, soft course conditions prevailed as a week-long rain preceded the event. The next several matches in the U.S. were played in more southerly venues.


1947 Ryder Cup, Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 61⁄2 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes.


1947 Ryder Cup, Teams
This was the first of only two Ryder Cups for Hogan as a player and the second and final appearance for Byron Nelson, later the non-playing captain in 1965. Hogan was to be a non-playing captain in 1949 and 1967.


1947 Ryder Cup, Teams
In January 1947 the British P.G.A. appointed a selection committee of five. This committee included three ex-Ryder Cup players: Bill Davies, George Duncan and Charles Whitcombe. In early August they announced a list of 14 players from which the final 10 would be chosen. The winner of the News of the World Match Play would also be included in the list. In early September they announced the first seven members of the team: Cotton (captain), Daly, Rees, King, Adams, Ward and Horne.


1947 Ryder Cup, Teams
They also added two new names to the list of possible players (Arthur Lees and Laurie Ayton, Jnr), leaving nine or ten players competing for the remaining three places. Later in September two more players were selected: Green and Lees, to which would be added the winner of the Match Play Championship or Max Faulkner if the winner of that tournament should already be in the team or ineligible. The final place fell to Faulkner on September 26 when three of the semi-finalists in the Match Play Championship were already in the team and the fourth (Flory Van Donck, a Belgian) was ineligible.


1947 Ryder Cup, Teams
The British team was accompanied by Commander R.C.T. Roe, Secretary of the British P.G.A., who acted as manager of the team. They left from Southampton for New York on the Queen Mary on October 18.


1947 Ryder Cup, Saturday's foursome matches
18 hole scores: Oliver/Worsham: 6 up, Snead/Mangrum: 6 up, Adams/Faulkner: 2 up, Rees/King: 1 up.


1947 Ryder Cup, Individual player records
Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player.


1947 Ryder Cup, Individual player records, Great Britain
Eric Green and Reg Horne did not play in any matches.


1947 SANFL Grand Final
The 1947 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. West Adelaide beat Norwood 75 to 45.


1947 SANFL season
The 1947 South Australian National Football League season was the 68th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1947 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1947 SMU Mustangs football team was an American football team that represented Southern Methodist University (SMU) as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1947 college football season. In its tenth season under head coach Matty Bell, the team compiled a 9–0–2 record (5–0–1 against SWC opponents), won the SWC championship, outscored opponents by a total of 182 to 90, and was ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll. The team played its home games at Ownby Stadium on the SMU campus and at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas.


1947 SMU Mustangs football team
The Mustangs won their first nine games before tying with rival TCU and Penn State, the latter in the 1948 Cotton Bowl Classic on New Year's Day.


1947 SMU Mustangs football team
SMU's sophomore halfback, Doak Walker, led the country with 387 yards on 10 kickoff returns, an average of 38.7 yards per return. He won the Maxwell Award for 1947, was a consensus selection to the 1947 College Football All-America Team, and finished third in the 1947 voting for the Heisman Trophy. He finished second in the SWC (behind Bobby Layne) with 1,026 yards of total offense, including 684 rushing yards.


1947 SMU Mustangs football team
Four SMU players received first-team honors on the Associated Press 1947 All-Southwest Conference football team: Walker; end Sid Halliday; tackle Jim Winkler; and guard Earl Cook.


1947 SMU Mustangs football team, Players selected in the 1948 NFL Draft
The following SMU players were selected in the 1947 NFL Draft:


1947 Saga gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held on 5 April 1947 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Former governor Gen'ichi Okimori defeated six other candidates to become the prefecture's first democratically elected governor.


1947 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1947 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1947 college football season. In its eighth season under head coach Dukes Duford, the team compiled a 4–6 record (1–1 against MVC opponents), finished third in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 220 to 201. The team played its home games at Walsh Stadium in St. Louis, MO.


1947 Saint Mary's Gaels football team
The 1947 Saint Mary's Gaels football team was an American football team that represented Saint Mary's College of California during the 1947 college football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach James Phelan, the Gaels compiled a 3–7 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 246 to 178.


1947 Saint Mary's Gaels football team
Left halfback Herman Wedemeyer starred for the 1947 Saint Mary's team.


1947 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 1947 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1947 college football season.


1947 San Diego State Aztecs football team
San Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by first-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with seven wins, three losses and one tie (7–3–1, 2–2–1 CCAA). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 191–156 for the season. At the end of the season, the Aztecs were chosen to play in the 1948 Harbor Bowl against the Hardin–Simmons Cowboys. The game was played at Balboa Stadium in San Diego, California on January 1, 1948. The Aztecs were beaten 0–53 in the game.


1947 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL
No San Diego State players were selected in the 1948 NFL Draft.


1947 San Diego mayoral election
The 1947 San Diego mayoral election was held on March 11, 1947 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent mayor Harley E. Knox stood for reelection to a second term. In the primary election, Knox received a majority of the votes and was elected outright with no need for a runoff.


1947 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign
Incumbent Mayor Harley E. Knox stood for reelection to a second term. On March 11, 1947 Knox received a majority of 67.9 percent of the vote in the primary election. This was more than 47 percent higher than what was received by Edgar F. Hastings, his nearest competitor. Because Knox was elected outright in the primary, no runoff election was held.


1947 San Diego mayoral election, General Election results
Because Knox received a majority of the votes in the primary, no general election was held.


1947 San Francisco 49ers season
The 1947 AAFC season was the 49ers' second season. They began the season hoping to improve upon the previous season's output of 9–5, and they had a similar output this season, 8–4–2. The team did have its first tie in franchise history, a 28–28 standoff in Week 6 against the Baltimore Colts. For the second time in as many seasons, the 49ers placed 2nd in the West division, coming one spot short of playing in the league championship game.


1947 San Francisco 49ers season
The team's statistical leaders included Frankie Albert with 1,692 passing yards, Johnny Strzykalski with 906 rushing yards, and Alyn Beals with 655 receiving yards and 60 points scored.


1947 San Francisco Dons football team
The 1947 San Francisco Dons football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1947 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Edward McKeever, the team compiled a 7–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 275 to 143.


1947 San Francisco State Gators football team
The 1947 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1947 college football season.


1947 San Francisco State Gators football team
San Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by head coach Dick Boyle. Boyle was in the second year of his second stint as head coach of the team. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished with a record of two wins and five losses (2–5, 1–3 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 33–117.


1947 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL
No San Francisco State players were selected in the 1948 NFL Draft.


1947 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 1947 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1947 college football season.


1947 San Jose State Spartans football team
San Jose State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association. The team was led by head coach Wilbur V. Hubbard, in his second year, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of nine wins and three losses (9–3, 3–2 CCAA).


1947 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL
No San Jose State players were selected in the 1948 NFL Draft.


1947 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL
The following finished their San Jose State career in 1947, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1947 San Remo Grand Prix
The 2nd San Remo Grand Prix was held on April 13, 1947, for International Sports Cars at the 2.62 km Ospedaletti short circuit (clockwise). Racing was scheduled for 750cc (S750), 1100cc (S1.1) and 1100cc+ (S+1.1) class categories in three separate events.


1947 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
The 1947 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1947 college football season.


1947 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team
Santa Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by third-year head coach Stan Williamson and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins, three losses and one tie (4–3–1, 1–3–1 CCAA).


1947 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL
No Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1948 NFL Draft.


1947 Santa Clara Broncos football team
The 1947 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University during the 1947 college football season. In its second season under head coach Len Casanova, the team compiled a 4–4 record and was outscored by a total of 158 to 109. The team played its three home games at Kezar Stadium at San Francisco.


1947 Santos FC season
The 1947 season was the thirty-sixth season for Santos FC.


1947 Satipo earthquake
The 1947 Satipo earthquake occurred on November 1 at 09:58:57 local time with an epicenter in the Peruvian Amazon jungle in the Department of Junín. The earthquake has an estimated surface wave magnitude of Ms  7.6 and a shallow focal depth of 20 km.


1947 Satipo earthquake
The earthquake produced 45 to 60 seconds of violent ground shaking in the Department of Junín, and was felt by many individuals within a 1.3-million-square-kilometer area. A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) to IX (Violent) was assigned to an area estimated to be 4,000 km² in size. The peak ground acceleration was calculated at 309 mm/s² in Satipo, based on evaluating the damage to a brick pilar. In the city of Lima, 240 km from the epicenter, the earthquake caused light to weak shaking corresponding to IV (Light) or III (Weak).


1947 Satipo earthquake
An aerial survey over the affected area found a large number of small-scale landslides and destroyed vegetation near the Satipo River. Parts of a highway were buried under landslide debris. Approximately 233 to 2,233 people in Satipo Province lost their lives during the earthquake.


1947 Satipo earthquake
The earthquake destroyed or seriously damaged 63% of all adobe constructed homes in La Merced. Another 36% of the homes suffered moderate damage, while the remaining 1% had no damage. Most reinforced concrete homes withstood the earthquake shaking, although some were reportedly cracked. At least half of all limestone buildings were destroyed by the quake. In Satipo, the earthquake collapsed an entire school complex.


1947 Scottish Cup Final
The 1947 Scottish Cup Final was played on 19 April 1947, at Hampden Park in Glasgow. The match was contested by Aberdeen and Hibernian, with Aberdeen winning 2–1. This was Aberdeen's first Scottish Cup victory.


1947 Scottish League Cup Final (April)
The 1946–47 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 5 April 1947, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the first official Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Rangers and Aberdeen. Rangers won the match 4–0 thanks to goals by Jimmy Duncanson (2), Torrance Gillick and Billy Williamson.


1947 Scottish League Cup Final (October)
The 1947–48 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 25 October 1947 and replayed on 1 November 1947. It was the final of the second Scottish League Cup competition, and it was contested by East Fife and Falkirk. The first match was a goalless draw, necessitating a reply that East Fife won 4–1, mainly thanks to a hat-trick by Davie Duncan.


1947 Segunda División Peruana
The 1947 Segunda División Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams. The tournament winner, Jorge Chávez (C)  was promoted to the Primera División Peruana 1948.


1947 Shaw Bears football team
The 1947 Shaw Bears football team was an American football team that represented Shaw University as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1947 college football season. In their second season under head coach Howard K. Wilson, the team compiled a 10–0 record (6–0 against CIAA opponents), won the CIAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 246 to 39.


1947 Shaw Bears football team
Key players included halfbacks Twillie Bellamy and Jim Jackson, fullback John Turner, end Bill Elliott, tackle Gladstone Booth, guard Leroy Way, and center Kermit Booker.


1947 Shaw Bears football team
In post-season discussions about the black college football national championship, Shaw was criticized for a weak strength of schedule, having failed to schedule games against the three CIAA opponents that were ranked in the top 10 under the Dickinson Rating System: Hampton (No. 4), Virginia State (No. 7), and Morgan State (No. 9). In the final Dickinson ratings, Tennessee A&I was determined as the black college national champion with Shaw in fifth place. Florida A&M, a team that Shaw defeated by a 19–0 score, was ranked fourth under the Dickinson System. Shaw was, however, determined to be the CIAA champion under the Dickinson methodology.


1947 Sicilian regional election
The Sicilian regional election of 1947 took place on 20 April 1947. They were the first-ever election of the Sicilian Parliament.


1947 Sicilian regional election
The electoral alliance between the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party was the most voted list. However, after the election Giuseppe Alessi and, later, Franco Restivo, both Christian Democrats, governed the Region at the head of broad centrist coalitions.


1947 South American Basketball Championship
The 1947 South American Basketball Championship was the 13th edition of this regional tournament. It was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and won by the Uruguay national basketball team. 6 teams competed.


1947 South American Basketball Championship, Results
Each team played the other five teams once, for a total of five games played by each team and 15 overall in the preliminary round. Ties in the standings were broken by head-to-head results, as only a tie for first would have resulted in a final match.


1947 South American Championship
The 1947 South American Championship was the 20th South American Championship for national teams, and was organized by CONMEBOL. It marked the first time Ecuador hosted the tournament, which hosted all the matches in Estadio George Capwell in Guayaquil. Argentina won the tournament to obtain their 9th South American title.


1947 South American Championship, Format
Each team played the teams in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss. The team with the most points at the end of the tournament will be crowned the champions.


1947 South American Championship, Squads
For a complete list of participating squads see: 1947 South American Championship squads


1947 South American Championship squads
These are the squads for the countries that played in the 1947 South American Championship. The participating countries were Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Brazil withdrew from the tournament. The teams plays in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss.


1947 South American Championships in Athletics
The 1947 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 25 April and 3 May.


1947 South Australian state election
State elections were held in South Australia on 8 March 1947. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League government led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Robert Richards.


1947 South Australian state election, Background
The LCL won three seats—metropolitan Norwood, Prospect and Torrens—from Labor. The LCL won back rural Victoria after losing it to Labor at a by-election in 1945.


1947 South Australian state election, Results
South Australian state election, 8 March 1947House of Assembly << 1944–1950 >>


1947 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 1947 South Carolina Gamecocks football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1947 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Rex Enright, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record (4–1–1 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 113 to 85.


1947 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team
The 1947 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented South Carolina State University during the 1947 college football season. In its second season under head coach Oliver C. Dawson, the team compiled a 7–1–2, defeated Allen in the Pecan Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 123 to 46. The team ranked No. 10 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System. The team's only loss was to No. 5 Shaw.


1947 South Dakota Coyotes football team
The 1947 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1951 college football season. In its 10th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 7–2 record (4–0 against NCC opponents), tied for the NCC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 164 to 152. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.


1947 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team
The 1947 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1947 college football season. In its first season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 4–5 record and was outscored by a total of 211 to 123.


1947 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1947 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 6–8, 1947 at Duke Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The North Carolina State Wolfpack won their second Southern Conference title, led by head coach Everett Case.


1947 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format
The top eight finishers of the conference's sixteen members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.


1947 Southern Illinois Maroons football team
The 1947 Southern Illinois Maroons football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1947 college football season. Under eighth-year head coach Glenn Martin, the team compiled a 7–2–1 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.


1947 Southern Jaguars football team
The 1947 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1947 college football season. In their 12th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 10–2 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out eight of 12 opponents, defeated Xavier (LA) in the Creole Classic and Fort Valley State in the Yam Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 380 to 53. The team played its home games at University Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.


1947 Southern Jaguars football team
Southern ranked No. 8 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System.


1947 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team
The 1947 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Louisiana Intercollegiate Conference during the 1947 college football season. In their first year under head coach Gee Mitchell, the team compiled a 6–2 record.


1947 Soviet Cup
The 1947 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.


1947 Soviet Top League
13 teams took part in the league with CSKA Moscow winning the championship.


1947 Soviet Union regional elections
On 9 February 1947, elections were held for the Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Union's constituent republics.


1947 Soviet Union regional elections
According to Soviet law, 2,422,000 out of an eligible adult voting population of 103,933,000 were disenfranchised for various reasons.


1947 Spanish law of succession referendum
A referendum on the law of succession was held in Spain on 6 July 1947. The Law of Succession to the Headship of the State (Spanish: Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado) was intended to provide for the restoration of the Monarchy of Spain. The law appointed Francisco Franco as Head of State for life until his death or resignation, but also granted him the power to appoint his successor as King or Regent of the Kingdom and thereby formally established a new Kingdom of Spain.


1947 Spanish law of succession referendum
The question asked was "Do you approve of the Law of Succession to the Headship of the State Bill?" (Spanish: ¿Aprueba el Proyecto de Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado?). It was reportedly approved by 95.1% of valid votes on a turnout of 88.6%.


1947 Speedway National League
The 1947 National League Division One was the 13th season of speedway in the United Kingdom and the second post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.


1947 Speedway National League, Summary
Harringay Racers rejoined the league. Wembley Lions retained the title. Belle Vue retained the National Trophy.


1947 Speedway National League, Final Table Division One
On account of the small number of teams in the league the British Speedway Cup was run in a league format. Wembley Lions won all their matches home and away to complete a double.


1947 Speedway National League, National Trophy
The 1947 National Trophy was the tenth edition of the Knockout Cup.


1947 Speedway National League, National Trophy
During the National Trophy quarter final match between Wembley and Harringay (on 15 August) the 27-year-old Wembley rider Nelson 'Bronco' Wilson received fatal injuries in the fourth heat. He died in the Prince of Wales Hospital, Tottenham, the following day from a fractured skull. Remarkably another rider Cyril Anderson of the Norwich Stars was killed instantly on the same evening, during the Division Two Best Pairs.


1947 Speedway National League, National Trophy, Qualifying
Middlesbrough and Norwich qualified for the quarter finals by virtue of finishing 1st & 2nd in the Second Division Cup.


1947 Speedway National League, National Trophy, Final, Second leg
Belle Vue were National Trophy Champions, winning on aggregate 116–100.


1947 Speedway National League Division Three
The 1947 National League Division Three was the inaugural season of British speedway's National League Division Three


1947 Speedway National League Division Three
With several new teams joining British Speedway in 1947, a third league tier was created for the first time. Eastbourne Eagles won the title in their first season of league speedway.


1947 Speedway National League Division Two
The 1947 National League Division Two was the second post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain. In the previous season, the league was known as the Northern League but the addition of Bristol Bulldogs and a third tier saw the name revert to the one used 8 years previously.


1947 Speedway National League Division Two
As well as Bristol Bulldogs, Wigan Warriors were new entrants bringing the total teams to 8. Middlesbrough Bears won the title. In fact the entire top five were unchanged from the previous season.


1947 Speedway National League Division Two
Norwich Stars 38-year-old rider Cyril Anderson died instantly on 16 August, during a best pairs event at Norwich. Anderson was leading when he skidded and was hit by a rider from behind  Remarkably another rider died the same day, 27-year-old Wembley rider Nelson 'Bronco' Wilson received fatal injuries in a National Trophy match.


1947 Speedway National League Division Two, Final Table Division Two
The British Speedway Cup for Division Two was run in a league format. Sheffield Tigers came out on top.


1947 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy
The 1947 Division 2 National Trophy was the Knockout Cup for Division 2 teams. Middlesbrough and Norwich qualified for the quarter finals of the main National Trophy by virtue of finishing 1st & 2nd.


1947 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy, Final
Middlesbrough were National Trophy Division 2 Champions, winning on aggregate 127–88.


1947 Springfield Gymnasts football team
The 1947 Springfield Gymnasts football team, sometimes also referred to as the Maroons, was an American football team that represented the Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts, during the 1947 college football season. In its second season under head coach Ossie Solem, the team compiled a 4–4 record and played its home games at Pratt Field in Springfield.


1947 Springfield Gymnasts football team
Solem had previously coached for three major football programs, including Drake (1921–1931), Iowa (1932–1936), and Syracuse (1937–1945). During Solem's tenure as head coach, the program scheduled games against regional powers like Yale and Connecticut and intersectional games against opponents like Wayne.


1947 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team
The 1947 St. Bonaventure Bonnies football team, sometimes also referred to as the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians, was an American football team that represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1947 college football season. In its second season under head coach Hugh Devore, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 174 to 84. The team played its home games at Forness Stadium in Olean, New York.


1947 St. Louis Browns season
The 1947 St. Louis Browns season was the Major League Baseball franchise's 47th in the American League (AL) and its 46th in St. Louis. The 1947 Browns finished eighth and last in the league with a record of 59 wins and 95 losses, 38 games in arrears of the eventual World Series champion New York Yankees. The Browns were managed by Muddy Ruel in the former catcher's only stint as an MLB pilot, and drew only 320,474 fans to Sportsman's Park, 16th and last in the majors.


1947 St. Louis Browns season
On July 17, they became the third big-league team to racially integrate its ranks. However, the experiment failed when the two pioneer players, Hank Thompson and Willard Brown, were sent back to the Negro leagues in late August; the Browns would not field another African-American player until all-time great Satchel Paige joined them in July 1951.


1947 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1947 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1947 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1947 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1947 St. Louis Browns season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1947 St. Louis Cardinals season
The 1947 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 66th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 56th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 89–65 during the season and finished second in the National League.


1947 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1947 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1947 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1947 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1947 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1947 Stanford Indians football team
The 1947 Stanford Indians football team was an American football team that represented Stanford University in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1947 college football season. In its third year under head coach Marchmont Schwartz, the team compiled a 0–9 record, finished last in the PCC, and was outscored by a total of 214 to 73.


1947 Stanford Indians football team
The 1947 season was one of two winless season in the history of Stanford football (the other was the 1960 season).


1947 Stanford Indians football team
The team played its home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1947 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series between the Toronto Maple Leafs and the defending champion Montreal Canadiens. The Maple Leafs won the series four games to two. This was the first all-Canadian Finals since 1935, when the since-folded Montreal Maroons defeated the Maple Leafs.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
Montreal defeated the Boston Bruins 4–1 to advance to the Finals. Toronto defeated the Detroit Red Wings 4–1 to advance to the Finals.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals
The Montreal Canadiens finished first in the league with 78 points. The Toronto Maple Leafs finished second with 72 points. This was the fifth playoff series between these two teams with each team winning two of the previous series. Their most recent series came in the 1945 semifinals which Toronto won in six games. In the regular season series, there were five wins for Montreal, three wins for Toronto and four ties.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Ted Kennedy was the leader with three goals including the Cup winner. Toronto had several new players in its lineup, including Howie Meeker, Bill Barilko and Bill Ezinicki, as Toronto sported the youngest NHL team to win the Cup to that time.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
The series continued a competition that had gone on all season, with Montreal and Toronto finishing 1–2. Montreal coach Dick Irvin was mad at the beginning of the series, recalling a season-ending injury to Montreal forward Elmer Lach from a body check by Don Metz. Montreal started out strong in the series, defeating the Leafs 6–0 in the opener. Canadiens goaltender Bill Durnan reportedly asked "How did those guys get in the league? ", although he denied saying those words later.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
The second game was a rough game, with Maurice Richard knocking out Vic Lynn and Bill Ezinicki with high-sticks to the head. Richard earned himself over 20 minutes in penalties and a game misconduct and a suspension for game three. The Leafs took advantage of the power plays and defeated Montreal 4–0. Richard would earn himself a further $250 fine imposed by president Clarence Campbell.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
Games three and four were played in Toronto, and Toronto won both to take a 3–1 series lead. Returning to the Forum for game five, Montreal won the game to extend the series. In the sixth game, Turk Broda showed outstanding goaltending, holding off Ken Reardon on a late breakaway, and the Leafs won 2–1 to win the Stanley Cup.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries
After the sixth game ended, the Cup was not presented to the Leafs. Clarence Campbell declined to present the Cup immediately, concerned over the spectre of fan violence.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The 1947 Stanley Cup was presented to Maple Leafs captain Syl Apps by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Maple Leafs 2–1 win over the Canadiens in game six.


1947 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving
The following Maple Leafs players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup


1947 Star World Championship
The 1947 Star World Championship was held in Los Angeles, United States in 1947.


1947 Star World Championship, Results
Legend: DSA – Disabled; DSQ – Disqualified; WDR – Withdrew;


1947 Sugar Bowl
The 1947 Sugar Bowl was played between the third-ranked Georgia Bulldogs and the ninth-ranked North Carolina Tar Heels. Georgia won 20–10.


1947 Sugar Bowl
In the second quarter, North Carolina scored on a four-yard Walt Pupa touchdown run to take a 7–0 halftime lead. In the third quarter, Georgia scored on a 4-yard touchdown run by John Rauch to tie the game at 7. North Carolina's Fox kicked a 27-yard field goal as North Carolina led 10–7. Georgia scored on a 67-yard touchdown pass from Charley Trippi to Dan Edwards to take a 13–10 lead. In the fourth quarter, Rauch scored on a 13-yard touchdown to seal the Georgia victory 20–10.


1947 Sun Bowl
The 1947 Sun Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game between the VPI Gobblers (now the Virginia Tech Hokies) of the Southern Conference (SoCon) and the independent Cincinnati Bearcats. It took place on January 1, 1947, at Kidd Field in El Paso, Texas. Cincinnati won, 18–6, in cold and icy conditions that led to a scoreless first half and three blocked extra points by VPI. The game was the first NCAA-sanctioned post-season football contest for Cincinnati, and was the first bowl game in VPI history. The 1947 game was also the 13th edition of the Sun Bowl, which had been played every year since 1935. In exchange for their participation in the event, each team received $9,438.


1947 Sun Bowl, Teams
The 1947 Sun Bowl game was held as the culminating event of the Sun Carnival and was held at 15,000-seat Kidd Field on the campus of Texas Western University, today known as the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). The matchup of VPI and Cincinnati was out of character for the Sun Bowl, which traditionally matched the champion of the Border Conference with the best possible opponent. Hardin–Simmons University, champions of the Border Conference, declined a Sun Bowl bid, as did the second-place team, Texas Tech. With no other option, a member of the Sun Bowl Committee—who happened to be an alumnus of VPI—suggested inviting the Gobblers to play against Cincinnati, which had already accepted an invitation.


1947 Sun Bowl, Teams, VPI
VPI came into the game having gone 3–3–3 under coach James Kitts. Kitts, in his first year replacing coach H. M. McEver, had coached the team in 1941 before the outbreak of World War II interrupted the football program. During the 1946 season, Kitts' team defeated the No. 12 NC State Wolfpack for the first win over an Associated Press Top 25 team in school history, the Washington and Lee University Generals, and VPI's traditional rivals, the Virginia Military Institute Keydets.


1947 Sun Bowl, Teams, VPI
During VPI's preparations before its departure for El Paso, heavy snow fell on Blacksburg, Virginia, forcing the team to use snowplows and construction equipment to clear a space for the team to practice. The team traveled to El Paso without star punter and rusher Bobby Smith, who had been injured in the team's final regular-season game.


1947 Sun Bowl, Teams, Cincinnati
The Cincinnati Bearcats traveled to El Paso having amassed an 8–2 record under second-year head coach Ray Nolting, who took the head coaching position in Cincinnati with the revival of the football program after the end of World War II. The Bearcats' two losses came against Kentucky and at Tulsa, and they earned wins against tough opponents such as Indiana, Michigan State, and Ohio.


1947 Sun Bowl, Teams, Cincinnati
The 1947 Sun Bowl was the Bearcats' first official bowl game, although Cincinnati played two post-season games in New Orleans following the 1897 college football season. The 1897 Cincinnati football team completed a 7–1–1 season, losing only to the Carlisle Indians. Following the conclusion of its football schedule, the Bearcats were invited to New Orleans by the Southern Athletic Club to play a football game on New Year's Day.


1947 Sun Bowl, Teams, Cincinnati
Cincinnati easily defeated the Athletic Club team, and at the victory party following the win, students from nearby Louisiana State University (LSU) invited the Cincinnati players to come to their school to play another game. The Cincinnati–LSU game, which took place a few days later and pre-dated the first Rose Bowl Game by five years, resulted in a 22–0 Cincinnati win. This game could be considered, the school's athletic department contemplates, as the first bowl game in Cincinnati football history.


1947 Sun Bowl, Game summary
The game was played in extremely cold and icy conditions, still the worst in Sun Bowl history. Three inches of snow fell on top of a layer of frozen rain the day before the game, and at kickoff the teams took the field under cloudy skies and in below-freezing temperatures. Despite the inclement weather, 15,000-seat Kidd Field was approximately half full, and bowl officials estimated the crowd at around 10,000 people.


1947 Sun Bowl, Game summary
Weather conditions allowed both teams' defenses to dominate in the first half. VPI had the best chance to score of either team in the first half when it drove to a first down inside the Cincinnati two-yard line late in the first quarter. On four straight running plays, however, the Bearcats' defense held, and VPI was denied a scoring opportunity.


1947 Sun Bowl, Game summary
In the second half, Cincinnati's offense managed to begin moving the ball effectively. On Cincinnati's first play of the half, halfback Roger Stephens broke through the defensive line for 26 yards, taking the ball inside VPI territory. Cincinnati's drive would overcome two 15-yard penalties and one five-yard penalty en route to a touchdown just a few plays later. On its next possession, Cincinnati's All-American Roger Stephens again broke off another long run, this time for 19 yards, setting up another Bearcats' touchdown.


1947 Sun Bowl, Game summary
VPI countered with a long drive that reached the Cincinnati 23-yard line before an errant pass was intercepted by the Bearcats in the end zone. VPI managed a defensive stop, however, and marched down the field for a touchdown to climb within six points. Cincinnati sealed its victory, however, when Bearcats halfback Harold Johnson intercepted a pass late in the fourth quarter, returning it all the way to the VPI 25-yard line. That return set up a Cincinnati touchdown and put the Bearcats up by the game's final score, 18–6.


1947 Sun Bowl, Game summary, Statistics
VPI blocked all three Cincinnati extra point attempts, while their own sole extra point kick missed. Cincinnati's kicking woes were also reflected in their punting game. Cincinnati averaged just 19 yards per punt, setting the record for the lowest punting average in Sun Bowl history. All 24 of the game's points were scored in the second half. VPI earned just 34 rushing yards against the Bearcats' defense while allowing 369 yards to Cincinnati's rushing offense. Those two totals remain the least-gained and most-allowed marks in Virginia Tech bowl game history.


1947 Sun Bowl, Game summary, Statistics
Prior to 1954, the Sun Bowl did not award most valuable player honors, but Harold Johnson from Cincinnati intercepted two passes (one in the end zone) and scoring the first touchdown of the game on a 13-yard run.


1947 Svenska Cupen
Svenska Cupen 1947 was the seventh season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 24 August 1947 with the Final, held at Råsunda Stadium, Solna in Stockholms län. Malmö FF won 3-2 against AIK before an attendance of 26,705 spectators.


1947 Svenska Cupen, Second round
The 8 matches in this round were played between 4 and 6 July 1947.


1947 Svenska Cupen, Quarter-finals
The 4 matches in this round were played on 12 and 13 July 1947.


1947 Svenska Cupen, Semi-finals
The semi-finals in this round were played on 20 July 1947.


1947 Svenska Cupen, Final
The final was played on 24 August 1947 at the Råsunda Stadium.


1947 Svenska Cupen Final
The 1947 Svenska Cupen final took place on 24 August 1947 at Råsunda in Solna. It was contested between Allsvenskan sides Malmö FF and AIK. AIK played their first final since 1943 and their second final in total, Malmö FF played their fourth consecutive final and their fourth final in total. Malmö FF won their third title with a 3–2 victory.


1947 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship
The 1947 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship was the 25th season of the Swedish Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Sweden. AIK won the championship.


1947 Swiss Grand Prix
The 1947 Swiss Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Bremgarten on 8 June 1947.


1947 Swiss Grand Prix, Classification, Final
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1947 Swiss Grand Prix, Classification, Final
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1947 Swiss Grand Prix, Classification, Final
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1947 Swiss federal election
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 26 October 1947. Although the Social Democratic Party received the most votes, the Free Democratic Party emerged as the largest party in the National Council, winning 52 of the 194 seats.


1947 Swiss federal election, Results, Council of the States
In several cantons the members of the Council of the States were chosen by the cantonal parliaments.


1947 Swiss referendums
Three referendums were held in Switzerland during 1947. The first was held on 18 May on a popular initiative for "economic reform and rights concerning work", and was rejected by voters. The second and third were both held on 6 July on revising the articles of the federal constitution covering the economy and a federal law on aged and bereavement insurance. Both were approved by voters.


1947 Swiss referendums, Background
The May referendum, which was a popular initiative, and the July referendum on amending the constitution, which was a mandatory referendum, both required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half. The July referendum on the federal law on aged and bereavement insurance was an optional referendum, which required only a simple majority of votes in favour.


1947 Sydney hailstorm
The 1947 Sydney hailstorm was a natural disaster which struck Sydney, Australia, on 1 January 1947. The storm cell developed on the morning of New Year's Day, a public holiday in Australia, over the Blue Mountains, hitting the city and dissipating east of Bondi in the mid-afternoon. At the time, it was the most severe storm to strike the city since recorded observations began in 1792.


1947 Sydney hailstorm
The high humidity, temperatures and weather patterns of Sydney increased the strength of the storm. The cost of damages from the storm were, at the time, approximately GB£750,000 (US$3 million); this is the equivalent of around A$45 million in modern figures. The supercell dropped hailstones larger than 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in diameter, with the most significant damage occurring in the central business district and eastern suburbs of Sydney.


1947 Sydney hailstorm
The event caused around 1000 injuries, with between 200 and 350 people requiring hospitalisation or other medical attention, predominantly caused by broken glass shards. The majority of severe injuries reported were suffered by people on Sydney's beaches, where many were without shelter. The size of the hailstones were the largest seen in Sydney for 52 years, until the 1999 Sydney hailstorm caused A$1.7 billion in insured damage in becoming the costliest natural disaster in Australian history.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Conditions and climatology
During the spring and summer, conditions along the east coast of Australia are highly conducive for the formation of hailstorms. The variation of air temperature in the atmosphere; with warm and humid air close to the ground and colder air above it causes instability, and the cold upper atmosphere temperatures allow the precipitation to fall in solid form as hailstones. Since records began in 1791, hailstorms in the month of January form approximately 13% of the total number of hailstorms in the Sydney metropolitan area, and over 15% of all events with 'large hail'.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Conditions and climatology
Hailstorms have a history of significant damage in Australia. Since records on insured losses began in 1967, four hailstorms—Sydney in 1986, 1990 and 1999, as well as Brisbane in 1985—have featured on the top ten list of most insured damages caused by a single Australian natural disaster. Hailstorms caused more than 30% of all insured damages inflicted as a result of natural disasters in Australia during this period, and around three quarters of all hailstorm damage has occurred in New South Wales.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Conditions and climatology
The conditions on New Year's Day, 1947 were meteorologically sound for the formation of a storm. The day was hot and humid, with the maximum temperature recorded during the day being 32.7 °C (90.9 °F) and humidity reaching 73%. Many Sydneysiders travelled to the beaches along the coastline to benefit from the afternoon sea breeze. The general weather pattern for Sydney in summer is movement from the west to the east—from over the Blue Mountains to across the city and into the Tasman Sea.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Progression of the storm
Developing from the Blue Mountains to the south-west of Sydney in the morning of 1 January 1947, the storm cell was first identified unusually early at 10:00 am by weather observers at Mascot. The formation of storms in this region is not unusual, especially given the hot and humid conditions at ground level which causes atmospheric instability. However, the Bureau of Meteorology reported that the formation of the storm was different from most others, describing how "the underpart of the cloud was mottled and serrated or curtained, rather than mammilated, and looked angry black, while false cirrus tufts were discernible at the top".


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Progression of the storm
The storm cell dropped hailstones the size of billiard balls across the south-western suburbs of Sydney. It moved directly over Liverpool at 2:25 pm, heading in a north-east direction before slowly bending its path and travelling almost due east as it passed over the southern part of the central business district. "Large explosion-like sounds", presumed to be thunder by the Bureau, were heard around the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The sounds were described by the Bureau—who were based at Observatory Hill, next to the southwest pylon of the Bridge, in 1947—as a "terrific noise" akin to "several trains ... passing over [the Bridge]".


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Progression of the storm
The storm intensified as it cut through the suburbs, and eventually unleashed its full power across the eastern suburbs of Sydney which is not common in Sydney due to most days having a capping inversion. The suburbs most seriously affected were Surry Hills, south of the central district, as well as Bondi and Rose Bay in the Waverley region which were struck at around 2:40 pm. The hailstorm pelted beach-goers, particularly at Bondi Beach, and the situation was described by a Second World War veteran as "though [he] was back in the firing line overseas". The hail in the coastal regions was described as being of similar size to a cricket ball.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Aftermath
The most damage was caused when the storm was its most intense, over the eastern suburbs of the city. According to the Bureau of Meteorology, over 5000 roofs were damaged in Waverley by the lumps of hail which weighed up to 1.8 kg (4.0 lb). No official cost total exists for the amount of damage caused by the 1947 hailstorm, however a Reuters article published in The New York Times on 2 January estimated preliminary damage to be worth around US$3 million, equivalent to GB£750,000.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Aftermath
This is approximately equal to A$45 million in modern figures, placing it well below the costliest natural disasters in Australian history; this, given the severity of the storm cell, is attributable mainly to the relative inexpensiveness of buildings and other items of the era. More definite historical accounts exist for damage caused to certain buildings. The historic skylight which runs through the centre of the main Central railway station building was smashed, and the shards reportedly fell in sizes up to 26 cm2 (4 sq in) on around 100 waiting passengers.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Aftermath
Convertible cars, in fashion at the time of the storm, also sustained severe damage, mainly punctures to the soft-top roofs, and trams that ran through the eastern suburbs at the time also suffered damage. According to veteran meteorologist Richard Whitaker, "Sydney was staggered by the enormity of the incident, as there had not been even a remotely similar storm in living memory". The problems were exacerbated due to a lack of building materials available for use in repair work, a result of the Second World War which had concluded only 18 months prior. This contributed to the delays which resulted in houses still covered with only temporary tarpaulins several years later.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Aftermath
Most of the approximately 1000 injuries were caused by the hailstones directly striking people or from flying debris, with the latter mainly from shattered windows. Of these, between 200 and 350 people required hospitalisation or other medical attention, however figures vary between different sources. The storm struck during the afternoon of a public holiday—New Year's Day—which produced hot and humid conditions, and the beaches in the eastern suburbs were significantly populated.


1947 Sydney hailstorm, Aftermath
The beach-goers were exposed to the large hail when the storm cell reached the coastline, and according to the front page report in The Sydney Morning Herald the following day, "[f]or nearly three hours, ambulance wagons travelled from the eastern suburbs beaches with the injured". The 8 cm (3.1 in) hailstones which fell during the 1947 event were not matched in Sydney for 52 years, until the 1999 hailstorm, which caused A$1.7 billion in insured damage—the costliest natural disaster in Australian history.


1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race was the 3rd annual running of the "blue water classic" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.


1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 1947 edition was once again hosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales. As with the previous two Sydney to Hobart Yacht Races, the 1947 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1947), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170 km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.


1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
The 1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race involved a fleet of 28 competitors. The first edition, the 1945 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race had initially been intended to be conducted as a pleasure cruise, but by the 1947 edition, the competitiveness of the event had been well and truly set.


1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
Morna, skippered by Claude Plowman won line honours in a time of 5 days, 3 hours and 3 minutes - exactly 10 minutes slower than its victory the previous year, but giving the vessel and skipper back-to-back wins. Westward, skippered by GD Gibson was awarded handicap honours.


1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1947 fleet
28 yachts registered to begin the 1947 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race.


1947 Sylhet referendum
The 1947 Sylhet referendum was a referendum held in the British Raj's District of Sylhet to decide whether it would remain in Assam and join the  Dominion of India, or leave Assam for East Bengal and thus join the Dominion of Pakistan. The referendum decided in favour of joining Pakistan; however, the district's Karimganj subdivision joined India's Assam. And now Karimganj is considered as a district of Assam.


1947 Sylhet referendum, History
Prior to British arrival in the region in 1765, the Sylhet Sarkar was a part of the Mughal Empire's Bengal Subah. Initially, the Company Raj incorporated Sylhet into its Bengal Presidency. 109 years later however, on 16 February 1874, Sylhet was made a part of the non-regulation Chief Commissioner's Province of Assam (North-East Frontier) in order to facilitate Assam's commercial development. This transfer was implemented despite a memorandum of protests being submitted to the Viceroy, Lord Northbrook, on 10 August from the district's Bengali-majority population which consisted of both Hindus and Muslims. These protests subsided when Northbrook visited Sylhet to reassure the people that education and justice would be administered from Calcutta in Bengal, as well as when the Hindu zamindars of Sylhet realised the opportunity of employment in Assam's tea estates and a market for their produce.


1947 Sylhet referendum, History
After the first partition of Bengal in 1905, Sylhet was briefly re-incorporated with eastern Bengal, as a part of the new province's  Surma Valley and Hill Districts division. However, this was short-lived as Sylhet once again became separated from Bengal in 1912, when Assam was reconstituted into a chief commissioners' province. By the 1920s, organisations such as the Sylhet Peoples' Association and Sylhet-Bengal Reunion League mobilised public opinion demanding Sylhet's reincorporation into Bengal. However, the leaders of the Reunion League, including Muhammad Bakht Mauzumdar and Syed Abdul Majid who were involved in Assam's tea trade, later opposed the transfer of Sylhet and Cachar to Bengal in September 1928 during the Surma Valley Muslim Conference; supported by Abdul Majid's Anjuman-e-Islamia and Muslim Students Association.


1947 Sylhet referendum, Background
The partition of India was to happen along religious lines. The Muslim-majority areas would form Pakistan while the Hindu-majority areas would form India. Sylhet was a Muslim-majority Bengali-speaking district in Assam which was a Hindu-majority Assamese-speaking province. The Government of Assam believed removing Sylhet would make the state more homogeneous and stronger as a result. Assam's Chief Minister Gopinath Bordoloi said in 1946 that his wish was to "hand over Sylhet to East Bengal". The Government of British Raj declared on 3 July 1947 that a referendum would be held to decide the future of Sylhet on 6 July 1947. H. C. Stock was appointed the commissioner of the referendum.


1947 Sylhet referendum, Result
The majority of the population voted in favour of joining Pakistan. This was implemented via Article 3 of the India Independence Act of 18 July 1947. The Radcliffe line published on 17 August 1947 gave some areas of Sylhet — mainly the Karimganj — to India, while the rest of Sylhet joined East Bengal, even though Karimganj had a majority Muslim population which had opted for Pakistan unlike some other areas in Sylhet like Moulvibazar. The putative cause of this was the plea of a group led by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar.


1947 Sylhet referendum, Result
India received three and a half thanas of Sylhet. Along with Karimganj, Zakiganj was also to be a part of the Dominion of India but this was prevented by a delegation led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Thus, most of the Sylhet district of joined East Pakistan which subsequently became independent as Bangladesh in 1971.


1947 Sylhet referendum, Result
The result of the referendum was welcomed by Assamese Hindus.


1947 Syracuse Orangemen football team
The 1947 Syracuse Orangemen football team was an American football team that represented Syracuse University as an independent during the 1947 college football season. In its first season under head coach Reaves Baysinger, the team compiled a 3–6 record and was outscored by at total of 167 to 77. Laurence Ellis was the team captain. The team played its home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York.


1947 Syrian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Syria on 7 July 1947, with a second round in some constituencies on 18 July. They were the first elections since official independence in 1946.


1947 Syrian parliamentary election, Electoral system
A new electoral law was approved by Parliament in May 1947. This introduced a two-round system, with members elected from single-member constituencies by universal male suffrage. Any candidate that received more than 10% of the vote was allowed to contest the second round if no candidate had received an absolute majority. Ten seats were reserved for Bedouins, one of which was for the Jabal Druze. The electoral law also required voting to be extended by a day if first round turnout in a constituency was less than 60%.


1947 Syrian parliamentary election, Campaign
Prior to the elections, the National Bloc split into two factions. The National Party of President Shukri al-Quwatli was formed in early 1947, with a group of Aleppo-based opponents of al-Quwatli forming another faction. Al-Quwatli's opponents and members of the newly formed Ba'ath Party contested the elections together under the Liberal Party (Hizb al-Ahrar) name.


1947 Syrian parliamentary election, Campaign
Neither the National Party or its opponents produced a lengthy manifesto. The National Party was largely interested in protecting wealthy residents of Damascus, while the Aleppo-based opposition published a short manifesto proposing reforms in rural areas to raise the standard of living.


1947 Syrian parliamentary election, Aftermath
Following the elections, Fares al-Khoury was elected Speaker and incumbent Prime Minister Jamil Mardam Bey was appointed to form a government by al-Quwatli. In 1948 the non-Baath Party opposition members formed the People's Party.


1947 São Paulo FC season
The 1947 football season was São Paulo's 18th season since club's existence.


1947 TANFL season
The 1947 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 19 April and 27 September 1947.


1947 TANFL season
The TANFL introduced two new teams into the district-based competition, New Norfolk (founded in 1878) and Clarence (founded in 1884) were both introduced from the Southern District Football Association for a two-year trial period.


1947 TANFL season
There was also a two-week break in mid-season to allow for the 1947 Australian National Football Championships to be played, all Carnival matches were staged at North Hobart Oval.


1947 TANFL season, Participating clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final
Note: Buckingham were affiliated to New Town, South East were affiliated to Sandy Bay.


1947 TANFL season, 1947 TANFL Ladder, Round 1
Note: Clarence Football Club's maiden TANFL victory, also first TANFL match at Bellerive Oval.


1947 TANFL season, 1947 TANFL Ladder, Round 2
Note: First TANFL match staged at Boyer Oval (built by ANM Limited in 1945).


1947 TANFL season, 1947 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final
Source: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury publications.


1947 TCU Horned Frogs football team
The 1947 TCU Horned Frogs football team was an American football team that represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the Southwest Conference during the 1947 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Dutch Meyer, the team compiled a 4–5–2 record (2–3–1 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 114 to 99. TCU lost to Ole Miss by a score of 13–9 in the 1948 Delta Bowl. The team played its home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.


1947 Tangerine Bowl
The 1947 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1946 season, on January 1, 1947, at Greater Orlando Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game was the inaugural playing of the Tangerine Bowl, now known as the Citrus Bowl, and saw the Catawba Indians defeat the Maryville Scots, 31–6.


1947 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary
The first quarter of the game saw no scoring, while the second quarter saw Catawba find the end zone three times (11-yard pass, 6-yard rush, and a 35-yard interception return), though all three extra point attempts failed and the game went to halftime 18–0 Catawba.


1947 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary
Catawba found the end zone again in the third quarter, on a 10-yard rush. The third quarter ended 25–0.


1947 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary
The fourth quarter saw Catawba find the end zone one last time, on a 20-yard pass. Maryville scored for the first time in the game. Both extra point attempts failed, and the game finished 31–6 to Catawba.


1947 Telephone strike
The 1947 Telephone strike was a five-week long, nation-wide labor stoppage in the United States of America by the National Federation of Telephone Workers (NFTW) and other smaller unions that started on April 7, 1947. The workers, mostly switchboard operators, were protesting long hours and low pay by AT&T, the Bell Telephone Company, the New York Telephone Company, and others. There were demonstrations throughout the USA with several instances of police arresting passive strikers. The mass of the strike was calculated to be equivalent to 10,100,000 man-days.


1947 Telephone strike
23 days into the strike in New York, non-NFTW union officials and the New York Telephone Company settled their demands, and 40,000 workers began working again the next day. At the same time, the Bell Telephone Company reached an agreement with non-NFTW union officials in Pennsylvania, and 6,000 maintenance workers resumed their jobs the next day as well. These Pennsylvanian workers received a $4 per week wage increase rather than the $12 per week they had originally demanded.


1947 Telephone strike
The workers in the NFTW were able to strike for five weeks without having to break and return to work because of the financial support totaling $128,000 given to them by both the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations.


1947 Telephone strike
The strike eventually caused the dissolution of the NFTW, which inspired the creation of the Communications Workers of America union.


1947 Temple Owls football team
The 1947 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University during the 1947 college football season. In its second season under head coach William Leckonby, the team compiled a 3–6 record and was outscored by a total of 128 to 91. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.


1947 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team
The 1947 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1947 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Henry Kean, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10–0 record, won the MAA championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 293 to 58. The team was also recognized as black college national champion for the second consecutive season.


1947 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team
Tennessee A&I had an enrollment of 2,204 students in the fall of 1947.


1947 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 1947 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1947 college football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Robert Neyland, in his 16th year, and played their home games at Shields–Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5–5 overall, 2–3 in the SEC).


1947 Texas A&M Aggies football team
The 1947  Texas A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Texas A&M University in the Southwest Conference during the 1947 college football season. In its 14th season under head coach Homer H. Norton, the team compiled a 3–6–1 record (1–4–1 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 185 to 169. The team played its home games at Kyle Field in College Station, Texas.


1947 Texas College Steers football team
The 1947 Texas College Steers football team was an American football team that represented Texas College in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1947 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Alexander Durley, the team compiled a 5–2–3 record, 3–1–1 against conference opponents. The team was ranked No. 16 among the nation's black college football teams according to the Pittsburgh Courier and its Dickinson Rating System.


1947 Texas Longhorns baseball team
The 1947 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas in the 1947 NCAA baseball season. The Longhorns played their home games at Clark Field. The team was coached by Bibb Falk in his 5th season at Texas.


1947 Texas Longhorns baseball team
The Longhorns were invited to the inaugural NCAA Baseball Tournament, falling in the final of the Western Playoff to eventual College World Series champion California.


1947 Texas Longhorns football team
The 1947 Texas Longhorns football team was an American football team that represented the University of Texas as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1947 college football season. In its first season under head coach Blair Cherry, the team compiled a 10–1 record (5–1 against SWC opponents), won the SWC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 292 to 74. The team lost to SMU and defeated Alabama in the 1948 Sugar Bowl.


1947 Texas Longhorns football team
Bobby Layne was a consensus selection as the quarterback for the 1947 College Football All-America Team. He also finished sixth in the 1947 voting for the Heisman Trophy. Tackle Richard Harris was also selected as a first-team All-American by the Associated Press (AP).


1947 Texas Longhorns football team
Three Texas players were selected by the AP as first-team honorees on the 1947 All-Southwest Conference football team: Layne at quarterback; Harris at tackle; and Max Bumgardner at end.


1947 Texas Mines Miners football team
The 1947 Texas Mines Miners football team was an American football team that represented the Texas School of Mines (now known as the University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1947 college football season. In its second season under head coach Jack Curtice, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record (3–3–1 against Border Conference opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 159 to 79.


1947 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 1947 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Texas Technological College (later known as Texas Tech University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1947 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Dell Morgan, the team compiled a 6–5 record (4–0 against conference opponents), lost to Miami (OH) in the 1948 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 228 to 184.


1947 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The team played its first four home games at Tech Stadium in Lubbock, Texas. The final home game of the season was played on November 29, 1947, at the new Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium. The new concrete and steel stadium was built at a cost of $400,000 and was named in honor of the college's president emeritus and his wife.


1947 Thai coup d'état
The coup d'état of 8 November 1947 (Thai: รัฐประหาร 8 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2490) was a military coup d'état that took place in Thailand on the evening of 7 November 1947, ending in the early morning hours of 8 November. The coup ousted the government of Rear Admiral Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, who was replaced by Khuang Aphaiwong as Prime Minister of Thailand. The coup was led by Lieutenant-General Phin Chunhawan and Colonel Kat Katsongkhram.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background
On 1 August 1944, as the Allies were winning the Second World War, the pro-Japanese strongman Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram {better known in the West as "Phibun") was forced by parliament to resign his premiership. He was replaced by Khuang Aphaiwong, a civilian who had the backing of Pridi Phanomyong, regent for the absent King Ananda Mahidol and head of the Seri Thai underground resistance. For the next three years civilian cabinets, led behind the scenes by Pridi, governed the kingdom.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background
For a brief while the various elements of the anti-Phibun coalition – Pridi and his supporters in the bureaucracy, politicians from the northeast, and conservative royalists – retained their unity. All hoped to see constitutional government succeed, and all feared a resurgence of the military. Having established a civilian government, Khuang resigned in August 1945 to make way for a better qualified person to negotiate with the allies. The most obvious choice was the leader of the US-supported Seri Thai, Seni Pramot, who Pridi invited to become prime minister.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background
In January 1946, Seni resigned and asked for the dissolution of parliament to pave the way for elections. Khuang and his new royalist allies were elected to power. But because Pridi chose to support Direk Chaiyanam as his personal candidate, Khuang included none of the former regent's allies in his cabinet, but placed many of his opponents, including Seni. Pridi's followers immediately sought revenge, continually harassing the government, further intensifying the bitterness between themselves and the conservatives. Within six weeks Khuang abruptly resigned, forcing Pridi to reluctantly step in and risk his personal prestige. Up until the resignation of his wartime ally, Pridi had enjoyed the prestige of his position as a senior statesman without having to involve himself in everyday politics. Pridi's failure to control inflation tarnished his reputation for competence, while official corruption bedeviled his governments.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background
On 9 June 1946, the 20 year-old King Ananda Mahidol, who had restored popularity to the monarchy, was found dead in his bedroom of a gunshot wound to the head. Khuang, Seni, and the royalists who dominated their newly formed Democrat Party were quick to blame Pridi, spreading the rumour that the prime minister and his supporters had assassinated the monarch for their own political purposes and possibly to establish a republic. Conservative newspapers criticised the government for failing to protect the monarch, provoking Pridi to use repressive measures: he declared a state of emergency, censored newspapers, and arrested two editors and two opposition MPs.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background
In an attempt to preserve his political influence, Pridi resigned on 21 August 1946. He was replaced five days later by Rear Admiral Thamrong, who would serve as Pridi's front man.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background, Prelude
Thamrong privately confided to US Ambassador Edwin F. Stanton that the evidence gathered during investigations of the regicide implicated King Bhumibol in the late king's death. In a declassified US State Department memo, Ambassador Stanton noted: "Luang Thamrong said speaking quite confidentially the evidence which was accumulated while he was Prime Minister tended to implicate the present young King, but that he would never have dared to hint by any official action that such was the case."


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background, Prelude
Luang Thamrong noted that Bhumibol would probably abdicate if it was revealed that he was involved in the regicide and that this would cause "confusion and wild intrigue". Those next in the line of succession to the throne, Prince Chumbhotbongs Paribatra and Prince Bhanubandhu Yugala, were both unpopular and he thought they would probably not be able to ascend to the throne. Luang Thamrong doubted whether the murder would ever be cleared up inasmuch as he felt Thailand could not dispense with the monarchy.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background, Prelude
Thamrong's government was also faced with charges of corruption, stemming from a government program to hand out free shovels and spades to rural farmers. The farming equipment brought and handed out was sub-standard, leading to charges of corruption and embezzlement by the public. The scandal became known as "devouring the hoes and spades" (Thai:กินจอบกินเสียม). This, and other scandals, led to a debate, called for by the Democrats, and a vote of no confidence, which Thamrong survived.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background, Prelude
When asked by a journalist the prime minister joked that he was, "already sleeping for a coup" [Google translate: "Alreading lying in wait for the revolution."] (Thai: "ก็นอนรอการปฏิวัติอยู่แล้ว"), confident at the time that he had the backing of the military, especially the army. He was wrong.


1947 Thai coup d'état, Background, The plotters
The coup was led by Lieutenant General Phin Choonhavan and Colonel Kard Kardsonggram. Other members of the group were: Police General Phao Sriyanond (Thai: เผ่า ศรียานนท์), Colonel Sarit Dhanarajata (Thai: สฤษดิ์ ธนะรัชต์), Colonel Thanom Kittikachorn (Thai: ถนอม กิตติขจร), and Lieutenant Colonel Praphas Charusathien (Thai: ประภาส จารุเสถียร), Captain Chatichai Choonhavan (Thai: ชาติชาย ชุณหะวัณ) (the leader’s son). They called themselves the "National Military Council" (Thai: คณะทหารแห่งชาติ).


1947 Thai coup d'état, The coup
The plotters planned the coup to begin at 05:00 on 8 November. Their plot, however, was discovered days earlier by the commander-in-chief of the army who, in an effort to thwart the attempt, ordered all senior officers to report for duty at army headquarters immediately. The plotters accordingly changed their plan to start the coup at 23:00 on 7 November instead.