1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight
A tropical wave led to the formation of another tropical storm over the northwestern Caribbean Sea around 06:00 UTC on September 19. It moved northwest after formation while steadily intensifying, attaining hurricane strength by 00:00 UTC the next day. The storm moved ashore near Cancún, Quintana Roo, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). After moving inland, the cyclone weakened to a tropical storm and curved southwestward. After emerging into the Bay of Campeche early on September 21, it re-attained peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and made a second landfall near Paraíso, Tabasco. The cyclone turned south over the mountainous terrain of Mexico, dissipating after 12:00 UTC on September 22.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eight
At least two people drowned offshore Campeche, when a 100-ton (91,000 kg)-schooner sank. The hurricane produced torrential rainfall in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Mexico, causing severe flooding. Between 200 and 300 people drowned, while survivors sought refuge in trees and atop roofs and boxcars. Aircraft and boats conducted search and rescue operations throughout the region. Floods also wrought extensive damage to the communication and transportation systems.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nine
The ninth storm of the season formed early on September 21, via a tropical wave that departed the western coast of Africa several days prior. The cyclone only slowly organized as it tracked west-northwest and then north, attaining hurricane strength early on September 24. After reaching its peak as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) around 12:00 UTC the next day, an approaching cold front prompted the beginning of extratropical transition. The hurricane became extratropical on September 26, well south of Newfoundland. The post-tropical cyclone curved northeast over the far northern Atlantic and was last noted south of Iceland two days later.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten
On September 28, a broad area of low pressure developed adjacent to a dissipating warm front over the north-central Atlantic. The cyclone congealed over the next two days and attained tropical storm status by 00:00 UTC on September 30, which was confirmed by a nearby ship report. It slowly intensified on a north and then northeast course, peaking with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) early on October 1. The system weakened to a tropical depression the following day and was subsequently absorbed by an approaching extratropical cyclone by 00:00 UTC on October 3.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eleven
The eleventh tropical storm of the season was first detected about 80 mi (130 km) north of Barbados around 06:00 UTC on September 30, as indicated by many ship and land observations. The short-lived cyclone moved northwest and then north ahead of an approaching trough, acquiring peak winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) shortly after formation before presumably dissipating on October 3. Alternatively, in the absence of widespread observations, the system may have continued into the central Atlantic unnoticed.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve
On the second week of October, a broad area of low pressure began to take shape along a frontal boundary across the northeastern Atlantic. The system steadily acquired tropical characteristics, and it was designated as a tropical storm by 00:00 UTC on October 11 while located about 570 mi (915 km) west-southwest of the Azores. It moved very slowly east and then northeast, attaining hurricane intensity and peaking with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) on October 12.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve
The cyclone resumed its eastward motion shortly thereafter and weakened below hurricane strength, passing north of the Azores before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone early on October 15. The post-tropical storm tracked east-southeast into Portugal and Spain, where a sustained wind speed of 46 mph (74 km/h) was recorded in Seville.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Thirteen
On October 12, a disturbance in the western Caribbean Sea organized into a tropical depression near the Swan Islands. The system quickly strengthened as it drifted towards the north, becoming a hurricane the following day. After turning towards the west, it passed south of Grand Cayman and then resumed an accelerated northward motion near the 83rd meridian west between October 16–17. The hurricane intensified significantly during this period, quickly attaining Category 4 intensity before reaching its peak strength with winds of 145 mph (230 km/h) on October 18.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Thirteen
The storm made landfalls over Isla de la Juventud and the Cuban mainland at peak intensity later that day, passing 10–15 mi (16–24 km) west of Havana. The storm weakened after crossing Cuba, but was unusually large, with strong winds extending from 200 mi (320 km) east of the center to 100 mi (160 km) west of the center. Its center passed over the Dry Tortugas as a major hurricane late on October 18, before striking Sarasota, Florida, the following morning with winds of 105 mph (170 km/h). The storm weakened slowly over the Florida Peninsula, and the system eventually transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over South Carolina on October 20. The extratropical remnants moved northward, before merging with the Icelandic Low near Greenland.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Thirteen
The hurricane proved to be an important test of the American radiosonde network, whose upper-atmosphere data were successfully incorporated into tropical cyclone track forecasting, the first such instance on record. Squally conditions battered the Cayman Islands for three days, destroying every crop on the islands; the 31.29 in (795 mm) of rain recorded on Grand Cayman was the highest in the island's history. At least 300 people were killed in Cuba, though the full extent of casualties remains unknown as reports from rural areas of the island were never compiled. In Havana, numerous buildings were damaged.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Thirteen
A weather station in Havana documented a 163 mph (262 km/h) wind gust, which stood as the strongest gust measured in the country until Hurricane Gustav in 2008. Crops suffered extensively, exacerbated by the hurricane's timing near optimal harvest time. Total damage in the state amounted to $63 million, with about $50 million attributed to crop damage. Eighteen deaths were reported in the state and 24 others were hospitalized. Heavy rains and gusty winds were felt throughout the Eastern Seaboard from the hurricane and its extratropical remnants, causing widespread power outages. Overall, the hurricane caused more than $100 million in damage and at least 318 fatalities.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Fourteen
A tropical depression formed about 35 mi (55 km) southeast of San Andrés around 00:00 UTC on November 1. Moving slowly southwestward, the depression attained tropical storm intensity six hours later and further intensified to attain peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) early the next day. Because there were few ship and land observations; however, it is possible the storm  became a hurricane, with historical precedence in Hurricane Martha. It then weakened, turned eastward, and dissipated on November 3 without moving ashore.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical depressions
In addition to the fourteen tropical cyclones that reached at least tropical storm intensity, seven others did not strengthen beyond tropical depression status. The first such system developed just west of Bermuda on August 23. Moving rapidly northeastward, the depression would be absorbed by a frontal system near Nova Scotia two days later. Another depression developed from a tropical wave over the southeast Caribbean Sea near the Windward Islands on August 26. The depression moved westward and is believed to have dissipated quickly, though this might be due to a lack of observations.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical depressions
On September 18, a reconnaissance aircraft flight confirmed the development of a tropical depression over the northeastern Caribbean. The depression moved northwestward, crossing the Virgin Islands on the following day. After entering the open Atlantic north of the islands, the depression dissipated east of the Turks and Caicos Islands on September 21.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical depressions
Weather maps and data indicate that a tropical depression formed just east of the Lesser Antilles on October 13. The depression entered the Caribbean and later crossed the Mona Passage, a strait between Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, on October 15. By the following day, the depression dissipated near the southeastern Bahamas. A frontal low-pressure area developed into a subtropical depression on October 20, far to the southwest of the Azores. The subtropical depression moved slowly northward and dissipated by the following day. On October 25, a tropical depression formed over the northwestern Caribbean. Dissipation likely occurred on the next day. The next cyclone, and the final system of the 1944 Atlantic hurricane season, developed from a frontal low east-northeast of Bermuda on November 13. A frontal system absorbed the subtropical depression on the following day.


1944 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects
This is a table of all the storms that have formed in the 1944 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parentheses, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all the damage figures are in 1944 USD.


1944 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1944 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1944 college football season. It was the Tigers' 53rd overall and 12th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Carl M. Voyles, in his first year, and played their home games at Auburn Stadium in Auburn, the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of three wins and four losses (3–4 overall, 0–4 in the SEC).


1944 Auckland City mayoral election
The 1944 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1944, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum
The 1944 Australian Referendum was held on 19 August 1944. It contained one referendum question.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Question
Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights) 1944'?


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Proposed Amendment
Constitution Alteration (Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights) 1944 was known as the "14 powers", or the "14 points referendum". It sought to give the federal government power over a period of five years to legislate on a wide variety of matters.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, The 14 Powers
Many of these powers also included limitations as safeguards against the abuse of legislative power.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Restrictions on Government power
Freedom of speech and Freedom of Expression were restrictions on state and government power which the commonwealth sought to legislate on.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Restrictions on Government power
The government also sought to apply the right to freedom of religion over state governments.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Referendum
All of these points (the proposed heads of power and restrictions on power) were put to referendum in the form of a single question. It is notable that the points referring to corporations, trusts, combines, and monopolies had been previously put to referendum, and had not been carried.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Referendum
The 14 proposals covered the participation of the federal government in postwar reconstruction, including control over employment, profiteering and prices, and related subjects.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, For and Against
The proposal was put forward and supported by the Australian Labor Party government. It was opposed by the federal opposition (United Australia Party and the Country Party).


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, For and Against, For
The Prime Minister John Curtin gave his broadcast to the nation on 25 July 1944. The Prime Minister said to abandon wartime controls on the declaration of peace would cause disorganization to the social system and destroy the capacity of the system to meet the need of the first few disturbed years after the war.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, For and Against, Against
The Country Party leader, Arthur Fadden, gave his broadcast against the motion stating :Its proposal means that in peacetime, you will work under government compulsion, you will eat and wear what the bureaucrats ration out to you: you will live in mass-produced government dwellings: and your children will work wherever the bureaucrats tell them to work! If granted nothing can be made, produced, built or grown without permission. Everything that is grown or made, carried or carted, sold or exchanged will be under government control. A yes vote would enable the Government to implement Labour's policy of socialization. Nationalization of Industry would follow.


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Results
Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights) 1944'?


1944 Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, Results
* Armed forces totals are also included in their respective states.


1944 Awarua by-election
The 1944 Awarua by-election was a by-election held during the 27th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Awarua. The by-election occurred following the death of MP James Hargest and was won by George Herron.


1944 Awarua by-election, Background
Hargest, who was first elected to represent Awarua in 1935, was killed in action on 12 August 1944. His death instigated the Awarua by-election, which was contested by three candidates.


1944 Awarua by-election, Background
George Herron, a local official in the Farmers Union, was chosen to contest the seat for the National Party. The Labour Party chose local schoolteacher Leo Sylvester O'Sullivan as their nominee. Previously, Labour had attempted to secure Victoria Cross recipient Jack Hinton to stand as their candidate, who had previously signalled his interest in pursuing a career in politics, however he was unable to be contacted to confirm his candidacy. Robert Henderson, a local pensioner, stood for the Real Democracy Movement who advocated for monetary reform.


1944 Bainbridge Commodores football team
The 1944 Bainbridge Naval Training Station Commodores football team represented the United States Naval Training Center Bainbridge, Maryland during the 1944 college football season. The team compiled a 10–0 record and was ranked No. 5 in the final AP Poll. Joe Maniaci was the team's head coach.


1944 Bainbridge Commodores football team
Bainbridge players took five of eleven spots on the Associated Press' All-Mid-Atlantic football team: end Ed Vandeweghe, guard Buster Ramsey, center Lou Sossamon, and backs Charlie Justice and Harvey Johnson. Justice led the team in both scoring (14 touchdowns for 84 points) and rushing (529 yards on 48 carries for an average of 11.0 yards per carry). Harry Hopp was the team's second leading rusher with 520 yards on 83 carries (6.3 yards per carry).


1944 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1944 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference during the 1944 college football season. In its ninth season under head coach John Magnabosco, the team compiled a 2–2 record.


1944 Ball State Cardinals football team
Ball State resumed college football in October 1944 after a wartime hiatus that began at the end of the 1942 season. Due to a manpower shortage, coach Magnabosco formed his 1944 team out of students, "most of whom never engaged in the gridiron sport." To draw fans back to the game, the school did not charge for admission to its football games.


1944 Ball State Cardinals football team
Dick Van Landingham proved to be the star of the team's backfield, playing variously at the quarterback and halfback positions.


1944 Ball State Cardinals football team
The team played its home games at Ball State Field, sometimes referred to as Cardinal Field, in Muncie, Indiana.


1944 Barbadian general election
General elections were held in Barbados on 27 November 1944. Three parties each won eight of the 24 seats in the House of Assembly.


1944 Barbadian general election
The elections were the first in Barbados with women's suffrage. Prior to the elections, the income requirement for voter registration was also reduced from £50 to £20. These changes led to the number of registered voters increasing from around 6,000 in 1938 to over 15,000.


1944 Barbadian general election, Aftermath
Following the elections, a coalition government was formed by the Barbados Progressive League and the West Indian National Congress Party.


1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
There was no regular election in 1944 to select inductees to the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1939, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) had moved to hold elections every three years rather than annually, and the next scheduled election was to be in 1945. In addition, the four-member Old-Timers Committee formed in late 1939 to select deserving individuals from the 19th century had still never met for that purpose, and criticism of the lack of honorees from that period was increasing.


1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Old-Timers Committee
On August 4, 1944, baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis named three new members to the Hall of Fame Committee (also known as the Old-Timers Committee), in addition to the four already named. He instructed them to put aside any delay and choose at least 10 individuals from the period 1876–1900 when they met early in 1945, in order that those selected might be honored concurrently with any elected by the BBWAA in their regular election in January.


1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Old-Timers Committee
This was a goal the committee members believed they would have no problem meeting, and some noted that the number of deserving players was probably over two dozen. The previously named committee members were: Yankees president Ed Barrow; Athletics owner/manager Connie Mack; New York sportswriter Sid Mercer; and Braves president Bob Quinn. The newly named members were: Hall of Fame president Stephen C. Clark, who would chair the committee; Hall of Fame treasurer Paul S. Kerr, who would serve as committee secretary; and Boston sportswriter Mel Webb.


1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Election of Commissioner Landis
Landis died on November 25, 1944, even as plans were being made to extend his contract for a new seven-year term. Within days, the public and press strongly advocated his immediate election to the Hall. Two weeks after Landis' death, the Old-Timers Committee met at baseball's winter meetings in New York City and elected Landis to membership in the Hall of Fame; Connie Mack sent his approval of the move by telegram from California, where he was vacationing.


1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Election of Commissioner Landis
The members stated that any delay in electing Landis might have resulted in an unfortunate increase in public pressure, possibly creating the impression that the move was somehow forced rather than voluntary. The committee also suggested that if the upcoming BBWAA election failed to select any players whose careers extended into the early 20th century, some would be selected by the committee when they met again in February 1945.


1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Election of Commissioner Landis
Landis was formally inducted into the Hall of Fame on June 13, 1946, with Governor of New York Thomas Dewey unveiling his plaque in Cooperstown, New York, with dignitaries including Commissioner of Baseball Happy Chandler and National League president Ford Frick in attendance.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election
The Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, 1944 was a parliamentary by-election held on 17 October 1944 for the British House of Commons constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Previous MP
The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Member of Parliament (MP), George Charles Grey, was killed in action. Grey (2 December 1918 – 30 July 1944), the son of a major-general, had joined the British Army in 1938 before the outbreak of the Second World War the following year.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Previous MP
Grey had become the Liberal MP for the constituency, when he was returned unopposed at a by-election on 18 August 1941, to fill a vacancy caused by the elevation to the peerage of the previous Liberal MP.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Previous MP
Between his election and his death, he was the youngest member of the House of Commons, having been elected at the age of 22 years 259 days.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Previous MP
A captain in the 4th Battalion Grenadier Guards, Grey was killed at Le Repas in Normandy, France, on the first day of Operation Bluecoat. He was buried on the battlefield by his men, on the site of which his family later erected a memorial. The site is now recognised as a war grave, designated the Livry Isolated Grave.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Candidates
The election took place during the Second World War. Under an agreement between the Conservative, Labour and Liberal parties; who were participating in a wartime coalition, the party holding a seat would not be opposed by the other two at a by-election. Accordingly, the Liberal Party nominated a candidate, but no Labour or Conservative representative was put forward.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Candidates
Two candidates were nominated. The list below is set out in descending order of the number of votes received at the by-election.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Candidates
1. The Liberal Party candidate was Sir William Henry Beveridge (5 March 1879 – 16 March 1963), who was a British economist and social reformer. He is perhaps best known for his 1942 report Social Insurance and Allied Services (known as the Beveridge Report) which served as the basis for the post-World War II Labour government's Welfare State, including especially the National Health Service.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Candidates
Beveridge was defeated by a Conservative candidate in the 1945 United Kingdom general election. He was created the 1st Baron Beveridge in 1946.


1944 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, Candidates
2. William.D. Clark, a local farmer, was an Independent candidate.


1944 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1944 Big Ten Conference football season was the 49th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1944 college football season.


1944 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1944 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Carroll Widdoes, compiled a perfect 9–0 record, won the Big Ten championship, led the conference in scoring offense (31.9 points per game), and was ranked No. 2 in the final AP Poll. The team was retroactively selected as a national champion by the National Championship Foundation. Quarterback Les Horvath was a consensus first-team pick for the 1944 College Football All-America Team and received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the Big Ten and . End Jack Dugger and center John Tavener were also consensus first-team All-Americans.


1944 Big Ten Conference football season
Michigan, under head coach Fritz Crisler, compiled an 8–2 record, finished in second place in the conference, and was ranked No. 8 in the final AP Poll. Fullback Don Lund received the team's most valuable player award.


1944 Big Ten Conference football season
Indiana, under head coach Bo McMillin, compiled a 7–3 record and led the conference in scoring defense (7.9 points per game). Center John Tavener was a consensus first-team All-American and received Indiana's most valuable player award.


1944 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1945 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1945 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy


1944 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
During the 1944 season, the Big Ten maintained its long-standing ban on postseason games. Accordingly, no Big Ten teams participated in any bowl games.


1944 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Big Ten players
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1944 All-Big Nine Conference football team.


1944 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
At the end of the 1944 season, Big Ten players secured four of the consensus first-team picks for the 1944 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:


1944 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Other Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:


1944 Big Ten Conference football season, 1945 NFL Draft
The following Big Ten players were selected in the first 10 rounds of the 1945 NFL Draft:


1944 Bilston by-election
A by-election for the constituency of Bilston in the United Kingdom House of Commons was held on 20 September 1944, caused by the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Ian Hannah. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party, with their candidate William Ernest Gibbons, with a majority of just 349 votes over an Independent Labour Party candidate.


1944 Birthday Honours
The 1944 King's Birthday Honours, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were announced on 2 June 1944 for the United Kingdom and British Empire, New Zealand, and South Africa.


1944 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1944 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)
At this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were "Member (fourth class)" and "Member (fifth class)", both with post-nominal letters MVO. "Member (fourth class)" was renamed "Lieutenant" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.


1944 Birthday Honours (BEM)
The 1944 King's Birthday Honours, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were announced on 2 June 1944 for the United Kingdom and British Empire, New Zealand, and South Africa.


1944 Birthday Honours (BEM)
They included a large number of people awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM).


1944 Birthday Honours (BEM)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1944 Birthday Honours (MBE)
The 1944 King's Birthday Honours, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were announced on 2 June 1944 for the United Kingdom and British Empire, New Zealand, and South Africa.


1944 Birthday Honours (MBE)
It included a large number of people who were appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire.


1944 Birthday Honours (MBE)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1944 Birthday Honours (Mentioned in Despatches)
The 1944 King's Birthday Honours, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were announced on 2 June 1944 for the United Kingdom and British Empire, New Zealand, and South Africa.


1944 Birthday Honours (Mentioned in Despatches)
Being near the end of World War II, it included a great many military personnel who were Mentioned in dispatches.


1944 Birthday Honours (Mentioned in Despatches)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their mention.


1944 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1944 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were appointments made by the King to various orders and honours. The awards were made in recognition of war service by New Zealanders and were announced on 8 June 1944. No civilian awards were made.


1944 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1944 Birthday Honours (OBE)
The 1944 King's Birthday Honours, celebrating the official birthday of King George VI, were announced on 2 June 1944 for the United Kingdom and British Empire, New Zealand, and South Africa.


1944 Birthday Honours (OBE)
It included a large number of people who were appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).


1944 Birthday Honours (OBE)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1944 Bolivian legislative election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Bolivia on 2 July 1944.


1944 Bolivian legislative election, Aftermath
On 4 August, 1944 the Constituent Assembly confirmed President Gualberto Villarroel López, who had assumed the presidency on 20 December 1943 as a result of a coup d'état.


1944 Bolu–Gerede earthquake
The 1944 Bolu–Gerede earthquake occurred at 05:22 local time on 1 February. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 Mw and a maximum felt intensity of IX–X (Violent–Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It ruptured part of the North Anatolian Fault, forming part of a progressive sequence of events that generally migrated westwards along the fault zone, starting with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake.


1944 Bombay explosion
The Bombay explosion (or Bombay docks explosion) occurred on 14 April 1944, in the Victoria Dock of Bombay (now Mumbai) when the freighter SS Fort Stikine, carrying a mixed cargo of cotton bales, gold, and ammunition including around 1,400 tons of explosives, caught fire and was destroyed in two giant blasts, scattering debris, sinking surrounding ships and setting fire to the area, killing around 800 to 1,300 people. Some 80,000 people were made homeless and 71 firemen lost their lives in the aftermath.


1944 Bombay explosion, Vessel, the voyage and cargo
The SS Fort Stikine was a 7,142 gross register ton freighter built in 1942 in Prince Rupert, British Columbia, under a lend-lease agreement, and was named after Fort Stikine, a former outpost of the Hudson's Bay Company located at what is now Wrangell, Alaska.


1944 Bombay explosion, Vessel, the voyage and cargo
Sailing from Birkenhead on 24 February, via Gibraltar, Port Said and Karachi, she arrived at Bombay on 12 April 1944. Her cargo included 1,395 tons of explosives including 238 tons of sensitive "A" explosives, torpedoes, mines, shells, and munitions. She also carried Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft, raw cotton bales, barrels of oil, timber, scrap iron and approximately £890,000 of gold bullion in bars in 31 crates. The 87,000 bales of cotton and lubricating oil were loaded at Karachi and the ship's captain, Alexander James Naismith, recorded his protest about such a "mixture" of cargo.


1944 Bombay explosion, Vessel, the voyage and cargo
The transportation of cotton through the sea route was inevitable for the merchants, as transporting cotton by rail from Punjab and Sindh to Bombay was banned at that time. Naismith, who lost his life in the explosion, described the cargo as "just about everything that will either burn or blow up." The vessel was still awaiting unloading on 12 April, after forty-eight hours of berthing.


1944 Bombay explosion, Incident
In the mid-afternoon around 14:00, the crew were alerted to a fire onboard burning somewhere in the No. 2 hold. The crew, dockside fire teams and fireboats were unable to extinguish the conflagration, despite pumping over 900 tons of water into the ship, nor were they able to find the source due to the dense smoke. The water was boiling all over the ship, due to heat generated by the fire.


1944 Bombay explosion, Incident
At 15:50 the order to abandon ship was given, and sixteen minutes later there was a great explosion, cutting the ship in two and breaking windows over 12 km (7.5 mi) away. This and a later second explosion were powerful enough to be recorded by seismographs at the Colaba Observatory in the city. Sensors recorded that the earth trembled at Shimla, a city over 1,700 km away. The shower of burning material set fire to slums in the area. Around 2 square kilometres (0.77 sq mi) were set ablaze in an 800 m (870 yd) arc around the ship.


1944 Bombay explosion, Incident
Eleven neighbouring vessels had been sunk or were sinking, and the emergency personnel at the site suffered heavy losses. Attempts to fight the fire were dealt a further blow when the second explosion from the ship swept the area at 16:34. Burning cotton bales fell from the sky on docked ships, the dock yard, and slum areas outside the harbour. The sound of explosions was heard as far as 80 km (50 mi) away. Some of the most developed and economically important parts of Bombay were wiped out by the blast and resulting fire.


1944 Bombay explosion, Incident, News
The details of the explosions and losses were first reported to the outside world by Radio Saigon, a Japanese-controlled radio which gave a detailed report of the incident on 15 April 1944. British-Indian wartime censorship permitted news reporters to send the reports only in the second week of May 1944. Time Magazine published the story as late as 22 May 1944 and still it was news to the outside world. A movie depicting the explosions and aftermath, made by Indian cinematographer Sudhish Ghatak, was confiscated by military officers although parts of it were shown to the public as a newsreel at a later date.


1944 Bombay explosion, Incident, Loss
The total number of lives lost in the explosion is estimated at more than 800, some estimates put the figure around 1,300. More than 500 civilians lost their lives, many of them residing in adjoining slum areas, but as it was wartime, information about the full extent of the damage was partially censored. The results of the explosion are summarised as follows:


1944 Bombay explosion, Salvage
As part of the salvage operation, sub-lieutenant Ken Jackson, RNVR was seconded to the Indian government to establish the pumping operation. He and chief petty officer Charles Brazier arrived in Bombay on 7 May 1944. Over a period of three months, many ships were salvaged. The de-watering operation took three months to complete, after which Jackson and Brazier returned to their base in Colombo. Jackson remained in the Far East for another two years, conducting further salvage work. For their efforts with the pumping operation, both men were rewarded: Brazier was awarded the MBE, and Jackson received an accelerated promotion. An Australian minesweeper, HMAS Gawler, landed working parties on 21 June 1944, to assist in the restoration of the port.


1944 Bombay explosion, Aftermath
It took three days to bring the fire under control, and later, 8,000 men toiled for seven months to remove around 500,000 tons of debris and bring the docks back into action.


1944 Bombay explosion, Aftermath
The inquiry into the explosion identified the cotton bales as probably being the seat of the fire. It was critical of several errors:


1944 Bombay explosion, Aftermath
Many families lost all their belongings and were left with just the clothes on their backs. Thousands became destitute. It was estimated that about 6,000 firms were affected and 50,000 lost their jobs. The government took full responsibility for the disaster and monetary compensation was paid to citizens who made a claim for loss or damage to property.


1944 Bombay explosion, Aftermath
During periodical dredging operations to maintain the depth of the docking bays, many intact gold bars have been found, some as late as February 2011, and returned to the government. A live shell weighing 45 kg (100 lb) was also found in October 2011. The Mumbai Fire Brigade's headquarters at Byculla has a memorial to the fire fighters who died. National Fire Safety Week is observed across India from 14 to 21 April, in memory of the 66 firemen who died in this explosion.


1944 Bombay explosion, Aftermath, Ships lost or severely damaged
Apart from Fort Stikine, the following vessels were sunk or severely damaged.


1944 Boston Braves season
The 1944 Boston Braves season was the 74th season of the franchise.


1944 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1944 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1944 college football season. The Eagles were led by head coach Moody Sarno, who was in his second year covering for Denny Myers while Myers served in the United States Navy. Boston College played their home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts and Braves Field and Fenway Park in Boston. They finished with a record of 4–3.


1944 Boston Red Sox season
The 1944 Boston Red Sox season was the 44th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 77 wins and 77 losses, 12 games behind the St. Louis Browns.


1944 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Boston Yanks season
The 1944 Boston Yanks season was its inaugural season in the National Football League. The team won two games and failed to qualify for the playoffs.


1944 Boston Yanks season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1944 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1944 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State College (later renamed Bowling Green State University)  as an independent during the 1944 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Robert Whittaker, the team compiled a 5–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 133 to 117. Donald Mohr was the team captain.


1944 Brighton by-election
The Brighton by-election of 1944 was held on 3 February 1944. The byelection was held due to the resignation  of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Cooper Rawson. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Teeling.


1944 Brooklyn Dodgers season
The 1944 Brooklyn Dodgers saw constant roster turnover as players left for service in World War II. The team finished the season in seventh place in the National League.


1944 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Brooklyn Tigers season
The 1944 Brooklyn Tigers season was their 15th and final season in the league before merging with the Boston Yanks. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 2–8, losing all ten games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 13th consecutive season.


1944 Brooklyn Tigers season
After the season, the players and assets of the franchise were merged with the Yanks, and continued to carry on the legacy of the last remaining Ohio League founding APFA member Dayton Triangles, the erratic franchise that currently operates as the Indianapolis Colts.


1944 Brooklyn Tigers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1944 Brown Bears football team
The 1944 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1944 college football season.


1944 Brown Bears football team
In their first season under head coach Charles "Rip" Engle, the Bears compiled a 3–4–1 record, and were outscored 150 to 132 by opponents. R.E. Lowe was the team captain.


1944 Brown Bears football team
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.


1944 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1944 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1944 college football season.


1944 Bucknell Bison football team
In its first season under head coach J. Ellwood Ludwig, the team compiled a 7–2–1 record. Gene Hubka and Ralph Grant were the team captains.


1944 Bucknell Bison football team
The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1944 Bulgarian State Football Championship
Statistics of Bulgarian State Football Championship in the 1944 season.


1944 Bulgarian State Football Championship, Overview
It was contested by 26 teams. The championship was not finished. Besides teams from the present borders of Bulgaria, the 1944 season was the last season to involve teams from the areas under Bulgarian administration during much of World War II. Football clubs from Skopje in Vardar Macedonia and Kavala in Greek Macedonia took part in the competition.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état
The 1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, also known as the 9 September coup d'état (Bulgarian: Деветосептемврийски преврат, romanized: Devetoseptemvriyski prevrat), was the forcible change of the government of Kingdom of Bulgaria carried out on the eve of 9 September 1944. In Communist Bulgaria it was called People's Uprising of 9 September  – on the grounds of the broad unrest, and Socialist Revolution  – as it was a turning point politically and the beginning of radical reforms towards socialism.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, In brief
Bulgaria was in a precarious situation, still in the sphere of Nazi Germany's influence (as a former member of the Axis powers, with German troops in the country despite the declared Bulgarian neutrality 15 days earlier), but under threat of war with the leading military power of that time, the Soviet Union (the USSR had declared war on the Kingdom of Bulgaria 4 days earlier and units of its Third Ukrainian Front of the Red Army had entered Bulgaria 3 days after), and with demonstrations, strikes, revolts in many cities and villages (6 – 7 September) and local government power taken by Bulgarian Fatherland Front (FF) forces (without Red Army help) in Varna, Burgas, etc.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, In brief
The coup d'état was organized by the Fatherland Front political coalition (led by the Bulgarian Communists) and performed by pro-FF units of the Bulgarian Army and the Bulgarian partisan forces of the People's Liberation Revolt Army (Народоосвободителна въстаническа армия, НОВА; Narodoosvoboditelna vastanicheska armiya, NOVA).


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, In brief
As a direct result the legal government of Prime Minister Konstantin Muraviev was overthrown and replaced with a government of the FF led by Kimon Georgiev. Bulgaria joined immediately the anti-Nazi coalition of the Allies of World War II and took part in World War II. The Kingdom of Bulgaria became a republic after the Bulgarian republic referendum in 1946. Large-scale political, economic and social changes were introduced to the country. The coup resulted in coming of Bulgaria into the Soviet sphere of influence and further to Bulgaria's 45-year-long People's Republic.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Background
On 26 August 1944, the government of Ivan Bagryanov had orally declared Bulgaria's neutrality in the war under the threat of the Red Army's offensive in neighbouring Romania. At the same time, in Egypt the government had entered separate peace talks with the United Kingdom and the United States, hoping to secure the dispatch of British and American troops in Bulgaria. On the same day, the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Workers' Party (BWP) proclaimed the assumption of power by means of a popular uprising to be its official task.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Background
A government of the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU) "Vrabcha 1", until then in opposition, was formed on 2 September 1944, headed by Konstantin Muraviev. It continued the peace talks, declared its support for democratic reforms and ordered the withdrawal of German Army troops from Bulgaria. At the same time, the guerrilla actions of the partisans did not cease, the alliance with Nazi Germany was not disbanded and no attempts were made to normalize the relations with Moscow, forcing the Soviet Union to treat the new government with suspicion. On 5 September 1944, the Soviet Union declared war on Bulgaria.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Background
The Central Committee of the BWP and the general staff of the People's Liberation Revolt Army commenced, on 5 September, planning of a coup d'état. The plan was further detailed on 8 September. According to the plan, the coordinated actions of the partisans, the BWP combat groups and the pro-Fatherland Front army detachments would assume power and effective control of government during the night of 9 September. The stated goal of the coup d'état was the "overthrowing of the fascist authorities and the establishment of popular-democratic power of the Fatherland Front".


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Background
Unrest began all around Bulgaria on 6 September and 7 September, with the strikes of the Pernik miners and the Sofia tram employees, as well as the general strikes in Plovdiv and Gabrovo. The prisons in Pleven, Varna and Sliven had their political prisoners released; 170 localities were entered by partisan detachments between 6 September and 8 September. In many cities and villages, the strikes and meetings grew into armed clashes with the police, with victims on both sides. On 8 September, the Red Army entered Bulgaria meeting with no opposition on the order of the new Bulgarian government.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Coup d'état
On the eve of 9 September, army units together with Fatherland Front detachments captured key locations in Sofia, such as the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the post, the telegraph, the radio, the railway station, etc. Early in the morning, the new Prime Minister Kimon Georgiev informed the people on the radio of the shuffle:


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Coup d'état
With the complete awareness that it is a true and full voice of the popular will, the Fatherland Front assumes in that fateful hour and difficult conditions the government of the country in order to save it from destruction.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Coup d'état
On 9 September, on the order of the NOVA (bg) commander-in-chief Dobri Terpeshev (bg), all partisan units descended from the mountains and took over villages and cities' governments. In most places, this was not met with much resistance, but in other cases army and police units loyal to the old government put up violent resistance to the Fatherland Front forces. In Sofia, Plovdiv, the region of Pernik, Shumen and Haskovo the old regime's supporters were defeated by military action with the army coming under the effective control of the Fatherland Front. The establishment of the new leadership happened at the latest in Haskovo, where partisans and other antifascists seized the artillery barracks on 12 September, but suffered many casualties, as the negotiations with the commanding officers failed to reach a compromise.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Coup d'état
As of 9 September, the Red Army had not reached Sofia but remained in northeastern Bulgaria. As the Bulgarian communists were capable of assuming power without any aid, the Red Army commanders decided not to hurry with a seizure of the capital.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, New government
The Fatherland Front government included representatives of the BWP, BANU "Pladne", the Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party (Wide Socialists) and Zveno. The former Prime Minister Konstantin Muraviev was arrested, as were Tsar Simeon II's regents, members of the former government, and some army detachment heads. On 10 September, the police was abolished and replaced with a popular militia consisting mainly of recent partisans; 8,130 political prisoners were released from the prisons, and the concentration camps of the former regime (e.g. Gonda voda, Krasto pole, Lebane) were closed down. The fascist organizations were banned, as were their publications. The former regents, Prince Kiril, Bogdan Filov, and Nikola Mihov, were executed in February. On 8 September 1946, a referendum about the further destiny of the monarchy was held. Based on the results of the referendum, Bulgaria was declared People's Republic on 15 September 1946.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Aftermath
After 9 September 1944, the Bulgarian Army joined the Third Ukrainian Front and contributed to the defeat of Nazism in Europe, helping drive out the Germans from much of Yugoslavia and Hungary, reaching as far as Klagenfurt in Austria by April 1945. Although Bulgaria was not recognized as a true member of the Allies, it still managed to retain Southern Dobruja which it had acquired in 1940 per the Treaty of Craiova.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Aftermath
The government of Kimon Georgiev established in December 1944 the People's Court according to the international obligation of Bulgaria to condemn the persons (ministers, etc.) guilty for World War II. It became one of the main propellers of the wave of terror in the country. Between 20,000 and 40,000 people were killed or missing in just the first four months after the communist regime overtook Bulgaria.


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Aftermath
Bulgarian communists (their Workers' Party renamed to Communist Party) consolidated their leading role in the Fatherland Front coalition, reduced its members from 5 to 2 political parties (together with the Agrarian Union) and led the country consecutively and gradually on the pathway to socialism (after the Soviet model).


1944 Bulgarian coup d'état, Aftermath
The Tarnovo Constitution was overthrown and replaced in 1947 by the new pro-communist republican Dimitrov Constitution after the successful republic referendum in 1946.


1944 Bunker Hill Naval Air Station Blockbusters football team
The 1944 Bunker Hill Naval Air Station Blockbusters football team represented Naval Air Station Bunker Hill in the 1944 college football season. The team compiled a record 6–1. Lieutenant Howard Kissell was the team's head coach until mid-October when he was reassigned overseas and replaced by Lieutenant Commander Len Watters.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election
The Bury St Edmunds by-election, 1944 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk on 29 February 1944.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP, Frank Heilgers who was killed in the Ilford rail crash on 16 January 1944. A local man, he had been MP here since holding the seat in 1931.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Election history
Bury St Edmunds had been won by the Conservatives at every election since the seat was created in 1885 and was a safe seat. So safe was it that Heilgers was returned unopposed in 1931 and 1935.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Candidates
The local Conservatives selected 39-year-old Edgar Keatinge. Keatinge served in the Royal Artillery. He commanded a mountain battery of the West African Frontier Force, and became the first commander of the West African Artillery School. When, after serious illness, he returned to Suffolk in 1943, he was again attached to the Suffolk Yeomanry, eventually reaching the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He had been a member of West Suffolk County Council since 1933, and was selected in 1938 as the Conservative prospective parliamentary candidate for the Isle of Ely constituency, to stand against Liberal MP James de Rothschild. The parties had expected a general election in late 1939, but it was postponed for the duration of the war.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Candidates
The Bury St Edmunds Liberals had selected H.C. Drayton as prospective parliamentary candidate for the next general election. At the outbreak of war, the Conservative, Liberal and Labour parties had agreed an electoral truce which meant that when a by-election occurred, the party that was defending the seat would not be opposed by an official candidate from the other two parties. When the Labour and Liberal parties joined the Coalition government, it was agreed that any by-election candidate defending a government seat would receive a letter of endorsement jointly signed by all the party leaders. This was enough to deter Bury St Edmunds Liberals from submitting their candidate.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Candidates
However, the 62-year-old leading Liberal activist Margery Corbett Ashby decided to contest the seat. She resigned her position in the Liberal Party, and stood as an Independent Liberal candidate, with the support of the Radical Action group. She had been President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance since 1923. She received an honorary LLD at Mount Holyoke College, USA, in 1937 in recognition of her international work. In 1942 she went on a government propaganda mission to Sweden. She had no connection with the area and it hardly seemed the most promising of seats for a Liberal to enter parliament. Ashby had a track record of flying the Liberal flag in some less hopeful constituencies that included 1918 Birmingham Ladywood, 1922 and 1923 Richmond, Surrey, 1924 Watford, 1929 Hendon and 1935 and 1937 Hemel Hempstead.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Campaign
Polling day was set for 29 February 1944. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a two horse race, between the Conservative Keatinge and the Independent Liberal Ashby.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Campaign
Keatinge received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition, including Liberal Leader, Sir Archibald Sinclair. It was also announced that H.C. Drayton, the local Liberals ppc would speak in support of Keatinge.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Campaign
Unlike the Independent Liberal candidates at 1943 Chippenham by-election and 1943 Darwen by-election, Ashby attracted plenty of outside help, firstly from large numbers of Liberals who were growing tired of the electoral truce. Secondly, she was able to enlist the support of Richard Acland and his successful Common Wealth Party by-election circus. Furthermore, she benefited from organised support in Bury St Edmunds that went by the name of the United Progressive Front. This group included Liberal, Labour and Communist activists, harking back to the pre-war days of the Popular Front.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Campaign
The contest gained national attention, and became seen as a test of the credibility of the government.


1944 Bury St Edmunds by-election, Aftermath
Neither Keatinge nor Ashby stood at the 1945 general election. The result at the following General Election saw the anti-Tory vote increase to the point that they would have gained the seat had the vote not been split between three candidates;


1944 CCNY Beavers football team
The 1944 CCNY Beavers football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1944 college football season. In their second season under head coach Leo Miller, the team compiled an 0–7 record.


1944 California Golden Bears football team
The 1944 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1944 college football season. Under head coach Stub Allison, the team compiled an overall record of 3–6–1 and 1–3–1 in conference.


1944 Camberwell North by-election
The Camberwell North by-election, 1944 was a by-election held on 31 March 1944 for the British House of Commons constituency of Camberwell North.


1944 Camberwell North by-election
The by-election was triggered by the elevation to the peerage of the town's Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Charles Ammon, who was ennobled as Baron Ammon.


1944 Camberwell North by-election
The Labour candidate was Cecil Manning, who was unopposed by the other parties in the wartime coalition. The only other candidate was an independent, T. F. Disher, who had also contested the previous general election in 1935. The result was one of the lowest turnouts in a by-election on record: the number of available electors was estimated at around 8,000, and Manning was elected with just 2,655 votes against Disher's 674, a majority of just 1,981.


1944 Camp Peary Pirates football team
The 1944 Camp Peary Pirates football team represented Camp Peary during the 1944 college football season. The team compiled a 5–2 record.


1944 Camp Peary Pirates football team
Red Strader, who was coach of the Saint Mary's Gaels football team before the war, was the head coach.


1944 Camp Peary Pirates football team
The team garnered attention when, shortly before the season began, the Navy assigned eight former NFL players to Camp Peary. The eight included halfbacks Joe Vodicka, Andy Uram, Len Janiak, and Bob Morrow, fullback Joe Bokant, center Al Matuza, and tackle Bob Bjorklund. Other notable players on the team included ends Ralph Schilling and Gregg Browning and tackle Russ Letlow who was later named to the NFL 1930s All-Decade Team.


1944 Campeonato Carioca
The 1944 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 1, 1944 and ended on October 29, 1944. It was organized by FMF (Federação Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Ten teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 10th time. no teams were relegated.


1944 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1944 Campeonato Paulista
The 1944 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão, organized by the Federação Paulista de Futebol, was the 43rd season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Palmeiras won the title for the 10th time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was São Paulo's Luizinho with 22 goals.


1944 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1944 Campionato Alta Italia
The 1944 Divisione Nazionale, traditionally known as 1944 Campionato Alta Italia, was a championship disputed during the second World War and not recognized by the FIGC until 2002, though the Spezia's win is not considered as a "Scudetto", but as an "honorary" official title.


1944 Campionato Alta Italia
Moreover, technically Spezia did not take part in the championship: the real winner of the tournament was 42° Corpo dei Vigili del Fuoco della Spezia, also known as VV.FF. Spezia (Spezia Firefighters), a Spezia's "satellite club". In fact, in 1944 Spezia was formally inactive since its chairman was deported in Germany, and Giacomo Semorile, the last manager of the society remained, ask the local firefighters to establish a new team with former players of Spezia.


1944 Campionato Alta Italia
The new Commissioner of the Italian National Olympic Committee Ettore Rossi, appointed by the Italian Social Republic, organized the League of 1943–44 Alta Italia (Upper Italy) without relation with the previous seasons and without round-robin format, holding it until March 1944. In the south, occupied by the US Army, the situation was rather different: the matches were played in regional tournaments: the part about the Apulian sector was won by Conversano, while Lazio was imposed in the area of Rome.


1944 Campionato Alta Italia
The Campionato Alta Italia (Northern Italy Championship) was the only championship that was organized on a more than regional basis: in Central and Southern Italy many regional championship were held. Originally, the Roman Championship won by Lazio was part of the Alta Italia qualifications, but the Liberation of Rome changed the plan.


1944 Campionato Alta Italia, Qualifications, Veneto, Final round
Treviso and Vicenza withdrew before the start of the round


1944 Campionato Alta Italia, Semifinals, Group C (Emilia-Romagna), Round 2
VV.FF. Spezia didn't play the semifinals, due to the retirement of Lucchese (the semifinalist of Tuscany), and they were directly admitted to the final.


1944 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 1944 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1944 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Ron Finch, the Chippewas compiled a 5–2 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 150 to 106. The team's two losses were to Bowling Green and Western Michigan.


1944 Chelsea by-election
The Chelsea by-election, 1944 was a by-election held on 11 October 1944 for the British House of Commons constituency of Chelsea in London.


1944 Chelsea by-election
The by-election was caused by the elevation of the constituency's Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Samuel Hoare to the peerage as Viscount Templewood. Hoare had held the seat since the January 1910 general election.


1944 Chelsea by-election
The Conservative candidate, William Sidney, was returned unopposed. Sidney held the seat until he succeeded his father as Baron de L'Isle and Dudley, leaving the seat vacant at the dissolution for the 1945 general election.


1944 Chicago Bears season
In the 1944 season of the NFL, the Chicago Bears ended the season with six wins, three losses and one tied match. The team was co-coached by Hunk Anderson and Luke Johnsos with Paddy Driscoll as the assistant coach. They placed equal second with Detroit and only behind Green Bay in the NFL West Division. The Bears totalled the second highest tally of points scored and the sixth fewest points conceded. The Bears were unable to reach the playoffs for the first time since 1939 and were unsuccessful in not claiming their fourth title of the 1940s. Playing from their home stadium of Wrigley Field, the Bears had to deal with many players leaving the league to serve in World War II.


1944 Chicago Bears season, The 1944 All-Star Game
The 1944 All-Star football game between the College All-Stars and the Chicago Bears was presented in a similar method to the 1943 game. The selection of coaches and players for the College All-Star team was based on the classic games of the previous years and was not dictated by votes from supporters. At the beginning of August, the coach of the collegiate team was revealed to be Lynn Waldorf from Northwestern. His assistants were Jeff Cravath, Bo McMillin, Wes Fry and Henry Frinka. These coaches were responsible for the largest-ever College All-Star squad of 71 individuals. Many of their players were on furlough from their military service and were therefore in prime fitness. On the 30th of August, this collegiate team would play the Chicago Bears at Northwestern University’s Dyche Stadium.


1944 Chicago Bears season, The 1944 All-Star Game
In the build-up to the match, the All-Stars trained at Dyche Stadium while the Chicago Bears trained at Collegeville, Indiana. On August 22, the Bears “… received a big boost when star quarterback Sid Luckman was able to report to training camp". Luckman had been permitted to return from Sheepshead Bay where he was involved in Maritime Service to participate in the All-Star match. This resulted in the Bears being tipped favourites as a 9-5 in the betting line with the addition of the quarterback. However, the Bears were missing key players of Danny Fortmann, Lee Artoe and Hampton Pool.


1944 Chicago Bears season, The 1944 All-Star Game
The match sold out with approximately 50,000 people in attendance that mainly featured fans from Chicago due to travel restrictions in wartime. Broadcasting was nation-wide through the WGN (AM) and Mutual radio networks. The Chicago Bears just managed to win the 1944 All-Star match and Francis J. Powers stated in the Chicago Daily News that it was “Not the crushing Bears of other years, but still the Bears, the National Football League Champions”.


1944 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
The 1944 season in the National Football League was the third full competition that coincided with World War II. The rosters of many teams were becoming depleted after players were drafted or volunteered for service. The official program of the Chicago Bears vs. Pittsburgh Steelers on December 3rd, 1944, stated that “The big, bad Chicago Bears may not be as ferocious this year as they have been in the past, but if a popularity contest were to be held by pro football followers throughout the country, they would still vote the Bears the most appealing team”.


1944 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
The Chicago Bears were unable to replicate their winning season of the previous year in 1943. After losing 19 out of the 28 players from the previous year to leave and serve in World War II, the Bears had difficulty recruiting. One of the Bears’ co-coaches, Luke Johnsos, stated that the club “… signed up anybody who could run around the field twice”.


1944 Chicago Bears season, Regular season
However, the official program for the match against the Pittsburgh Steelers praised the ability of the Chicago team. It highlighted that "The Bears still can flash the old time power as witness their thundering 28 to 7 upset over the high-flying Philadelphia Eagles only last Sunday when the Eagles were made the favorites. The Bears on their best day, weak or not, can whip any football team in the country. Records go to prove this. Beyond that they are colorful and crowd appealing."


1944 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1944 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Statistics
In the 1944 NFL season, the Chicago Bears tallied a total of 258 points scored ranking the 2nd best offensive statistics in the league. The Bears also achieved 2nd best passing offence, 2nd best rushing offence and 3rd best kicking and punting statistics.


1944 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Statistics
In defence, the Bears conceded 172 points across the season and ranked 6th in the league for their defensive statistics.


1944 Chicago Bears season, Regular season, Statistics
The team were able to achieve 3167 yards in the season and concede 2006 yards against them. They ranked 1st in the league for the number of yards in offence and second for the number of yards in defence.


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
The Chicago Bears had 45 individuals leave the club to serve for their country during World War II. George Halas left his role as Bears coach at the end of the 1942 campaign to join the Navy. At the time of the 1944 season, he operated in the Pacific Ocean where he later received a Bronze Star. In the official program of Bears vs. Steelers on December 3rd, 1944, Halas' Bears received praise that "They have helped the paid-to-play game reach the popular height it now attains, thanks to the astuteness, showmanship and business ability of George Halas".


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
Ed McCaskey, Halas' son-in-law and longtime Chicago Bears executive, also achieved a Bronze Star when fighting in the Army. After George Halas left the Bears to become a Lieutenant Commander in the Navy, Luke Johnsos and Hunk Anderson were able to overcome the constraints of the war to win the championship in 1943 and achieve second place in the Western Division in 1944.


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
Following the 1943 season, Hall of Fame quarterback Sid Luckman volunteered for military service as a marine. As he remained in the United States for his service in 1944, he was allowed to be involved in Bears’ games on weekends. Luckman was responsible for transporting gasoline in a tanker to Europe, as well as transferring soldiers from Britain to France at the time of the invasion of Normandy in June. That season, he was only able to return and participate in seven games. Notably that season, Sid Luckman was able to provide an 86 yard pass to Ray McLean for a touchdown against the Boston Yanks. In the match against the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 3rd 1944, a tribute was held for Sid Luckman and the others players serving.


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
Another two Bears’ Hall of Famers, Joe Stydahar and Dan Fortmann also represented America in the Navy in 1944. Bears’ Hall of Famer Dan Fortmann was born in 1916. When he was 20, he was the youngest starting player in the National Football League. As the son of German immigrants, Fortmann balanced studying medicine at Chicago Medical School with playing football and graduated in 1940. In 1943, he joined the Navy which halted his football career and interrupted his residency. He served for the duration of the 1944 NFL season until the end of the war. Fortmann then finished his residency and became the team physician for the Los Angeles Rams until 1963.


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
Also at the time of the 1944 season, ex-Bear and professional wrestler Joe Savoldi was employed by the United States government to act as a spy in North Africa, Italy and France.


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
Ken Kavanaugh, who holds the NFL’s record of 50 touchdown receptions, was serving as an Air Force pilot at the time of the season and conducted 30 bombardment missions across Europe from 1942-1944.


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
Another notable Bear that was serving in World War II was Young Bussey. Bussey only managed to play one year for Chicago in 1941 before the ex- LSU quarterback became a Lieutenant in the Navy. At the time of the 1944 season, he was serving in the Japanese-occupied Philippines and was killed a year later at the age of 27.


1944 Chicago Bears season, World War II
These Chicago Bears that served are recognised at Soldier Field. The Bears and the Chicago Park District decided against placing a sponsor's name at the site which stopped the club from receiving a large sum of money. During World War II, the individuals that served were colloquially referred to as "Doughboy" and at Soldier Field, there is a statue of a Doughboy close to Gate O.


1944 Chicago Cubs season
The 1944 Chicago Cubs season was the 73rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 69th in the National League and the 29th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fourth in the National League with a record of 75–79.


1944 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Chicago White Sox season
The 1944 Chicago White Sox season was the White Sox's 44th season in the major leagues, and their 45th season overall. They finished with a record 71–83, good enough for 7th place in the American League, 18 games behind the first place St. Louis Browns.


1944 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases


1944 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts


1944 Christchurch mayoral election
The 1944 Christchurch City mayoral election was held on 27 May. The incumbent was Ernest Andrews of the conservative Citizens' Association. Andrews was challenged by his predecessor, Robert Macfarlane, of the Labour Party, who had returned from active war service. Andrews won by a large majority.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Background
Andrews was the only person who sought nomination from the Citizens' Association. His candidacy for the group was decided on 17 February 1944.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Background
Macfarlane had been the mayor from 1938 to 1941, and had not stood in the previous election as he wanted to go to war. He was discharged from the army after serving in the Middle East for two and a half years due to ill health. When Andrews' nomination was announced, the local newspaper The Press stated that the Labour Party had yet to make its selection, but that "it is said to be certain" that Macfarlane would be their candidate.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Background
Three Labour candidates sought nomination: Macfarlane (who had been MP for Christchurch South since a 1939 by-election), Mabel Howard (who had become MP for Christchurch East in a 1943 by-election, and Harold Denton (an unsuccessful candidate in the Riccarton electorate in the 1943 general election). Macfarlane's selection was announced on 17 March 1944.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates, Ernest Andrews
Ernest Herbert Andrews was a senior city councillor whose candidacy was announced on 17 February 1944. Andrews had been born in 1873 near Nelson. He had studied at Canterbury University College and had been a school teacher in various parts of the country before settling in Christchurch with a printing business in 1907. A representative cricketer, he was involved with numerous organisations. He had continuously been a member of Christchurch City Council since 1919, had chaired almost every council committee, and had been deputy-mayor under John Beanland (1936–1938). He had first stood for mayor in the 1941 local election and was the incumbent.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates, Robert Macfarlane
Macfarlane was born in Christchurch in 1900. Raised by his grandmother, he attended Waltham School and may have had two years of high school. He worked in various labour job. In 1918, he joined the Christchurch Socialist Party and became its president shortly after. In 1919, he joined the Christchurch South branch of the Labour Party. When the Christchurch East branch of the Labour Party was founding in 1922, Macfarlane became its inaugural secretary. In 1925, he became secretary of the North Canterbury Labour Representation Committee.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates, Robert Macfarlane
He was first elected onto Christchurch City Council in 1927 but failed to get re-elected in 1929. In the 1935 general election, he stood in the Christchurch North electorate and got narrowly beaten by Sidney Holland. He regained a seat on Christchurch City Council in a by-election in 1936. He was Mayor of Christchurch from 1938 to 1941, and had continuously represented the Christchurch South since 1939 despite his lengthy absence due to war service.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Results
The election was held on Saturday, 27 May 1944, from 9am to 6pm. For the first time, enrolment had become compulsory, although voting itself was not compulsory (as it remains to this day). There were five separate elections for Christchurch people: mayor (2 candidates), city council (46 candidates for 16 positions), the North Canterbury Hospital Board (27 candidates for 10 positions), and the Lyttelton Harbour Board (9 candidates for 4 positions), and the North Canterbury Catchment Board (newly constituted; 9 candidates for 4 positions). The first-past-the-post voting system was used and absentee voting was not allowed for.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Results
There were 23 polling booths in Christchurch Central and Richmond, 23 polling booths across Linwood, Woolston, and Mount Pleasant, 26 polling booths across St Albans and Papanui, 31 polling booths across Sydenham and Spreydon, 1 polling booth in Lyttelton, and 6 polling booths in New Brighton; a total of 110 booths. In addition, there were a total of 8 polling booths in Riccarton and Sumner for the North Canterbury Catchment Board election.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Results
Andrews had a significant majority, getting 22,765 votes compared to Macfarlane's 13,702. The last time there had been such a clear majority was at the 1925 mayoral election. The turnout for the mayoral election was circa 46.4 percent.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Results, Mayoral election results
Andrews was installed on 7 June 1944 at a ceremony held at the municipal offices in Manchester Street, with councillor Melville Lyons chosen as his deputy.


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Results, City councillor election results
In mid-May 1944, the Electors' Association formed itself as a body for independent candidates. The election saw the Labour Party gain just one seat on the city council, with three of their sitting members (John Septimus "Jack" Barnett, Teresa Green, and Harold Denton) defeated. Four councillors for the Citizens' Association were elected for the first time (James Hay, Leslie George Amos, Ron Guthrey, and John Edward Tait).


1944 Christchurch mayoral election, Results, City councillor election results
In the table below the final voting numbers reported as final are shown. The last six placing candidates lost their NZ£3 deposit.


1944 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1944 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. It consisted of the Cincinnati Reds attempting to win the National League, although finishing in third place. They finished the season with 89 wins and 65 losses.


1944 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On June 10, Joe Nuxhall made his major league debut. At age 15, he is (as of the 2010 season) the youngest confirmed player ever to play Major League Baseball. He pitched just two-thirds of an inning, giving up 5 runs on 2 hits and 5 walks. He would not appear in the majors again until 1952.


1944 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Clay Cross by-election
The Clay Cross by-election of 1944 was held on 14 April 1944. The byelection was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, George Ridley. It was won by the Labour candidate Harold Neal.


1944 Clay Cross by-election
D. Craven Griffiths, a Liberal who worked for the civil service wanted to stand in the by-election. The President of the Board of Trade refused him permission for a leave of absence to fight a campaign.


1944 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1944 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football that represented Clemson College as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1944 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Frank Howard, the Tigers compiled a 4–5 record (3–1 against conference opponents), finished seventh in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 179 to 165. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.


1944 Clemson Tigers football team
Center Ralph Jenkins was the team captain for the second consecutive year. He was also selected as a first-team player on the 1944 All-Southern Conference football team. The team's statistical leaders included tailback Sid Tinsley with 248 passing yards and 479 rushing yards and fullback Billy G. Rogers with 37 points scored (6 touchdowns and 1 extra point).


1944 Clemson Tigers football team
Six Clemson players were selected on the 1944 All-South Carolina football team: tackles Harley Phillips and Phil Prince; guard Tom Salisbury; center Ralph Jenkins; and backs Sid Tinsley and Billy G. Rogers.


1944 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1944 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1944 Cleveland Rams season
The 1944 Cleveland Rams season was the team's seventh year with the National Football League. The Rams had not played in the 1943 NFL season due to player shortage as a result of World War II.


1944 Cleveland Rams season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1944 Cleveland Rams season, Standings
This article relating to an American football season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1944 Cleveland Rams season, Standings
This article related to sports in Ohio is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1944 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The 1944 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1944 college football season. In its 16th season under head coach Andrew Kerr, the team compiled a 2–5 record and was outscored by a total of 127 to 79. Edward Stacco and Joseph Dilts were the team captains. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.


1944 College Football All-America Team
The 1944 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1944. The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1944 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press, (3) the United Press, (4) the All-America Board, (5) Football News, (6) the International News Service (INS), (7) Look magazine, (8) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA) and (9) the Sporting News.


1944 College Football All-America Team
Ohio State quarterback Les Horvath and Navy tackle Don Whitmire were the only players unanimously chosen as first-team player by all of the official selectors. Horvath won the 1944 Heisman Trophy as the Buckeyes turned in a 9–0 record and finished second in the national polls. Whitmire later served in Vietnam and held the rank of rear admiral.


1944 College Football All-America Team
Georgia Tech end Phil Tinsley received first-team honors from eight of the nine official selectors, and Army backfield duo of Glenn Davis and Doc Blanchard each received seven first-team honors.


1944 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans
For the year 1944, the NCAA recognizes nine published All-American teams as "official" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.


1944 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1944 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1944 college football season. Head coach Frank Potts led the team to a 2–0 mark in the MSC and 6–2 overall. The team's home field of Colorado Stadium was renamed Folsom Field in 1944, following the death of former head coach Fred Folsom.


1944 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 1944 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1944. Incumbent Republican John Charles Vivian defeated Democratic nominee Roy Phelix Best with 52.40% of the vote.


1944 Columbia Lions football team
The 1944 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1944 college football season.


1944 Columbia Lions football team
In their 15th season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 2–6 record, and were outscored 125 to 71 by opponents. George Gilberg was the team captain.


1944 Columbia Lions football team
Columbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.


1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
The 1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the first Meeting of the Heads of Government of the British Commonwealth. It was held in the United Kingdom, between 1–16 May 1944, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill.


1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, The conference, Outline
The conference was attended by the Prime Ministers of all of the Dominions within the Commonwealth except Ireland and Newfoundland. Attendees included Prime Minister John Curtin of Australia, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King of Canada, Prime Minister Peter Fraser of New Zealand and Prime Minister Jan Smuts of South Africa. Also attending was Prime Minister Sir Godfrey Huggins of the self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia, and representing India was The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. Members of the Churchill War Cabinet and the High Commissioners of the Dominions also attended.


1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, The conference, Outline
Ireland did not participate although at the time the British Commonwealth still regarded Ireland as one of its members. Ireland had not participated in any equivalent conferences since 1932.


1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, The conference, Outline
The British Commonwealth leaders agreed to support the Moscow Declaration and reached agreement regarding their respective roles in the overall Allied war effort.


1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, The conference, Outline
Prior to the conference, Robert McIntyre and Douglas Young, the leaders of the Scottish National Party, lobbied King, Fraser, Smuts, Huggins, and Curtin, asking them to raise the issue of Scottish independence at the conference and to invite Scotland to take part in it and all future Commonwealth Conferences. Curtin viewed it as an internal matter for the British government, King was sympathetic, and the remainder simply voiced their acknowledgement of the communiques.


1944 Connecticut Huskies football team
The 1944 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1944 college football season. The Huskies were led by tenth-year head coach J. Orlean Christian and completed the season with a record of 7–1. No team had been fielded in 1943, due to World War II.


1944 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1944 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1944. It was the third consecutive gubernatorial race between the same two nominees. Incumbent Republican Raymond E. Baldwin defeated Democratic nominee Robert A. Hurley with 50.48% of the vote.


1944 Copa Ibarguren
The 1944 Copa Ibarguren was the 20th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. It was played by the champions of Primera División and the winner of Copa Presidente de la Nación, a regional cup competition where Provincial Federations took part. crowned during 1944.


1944 Copa Ibarguren
Boca Juniors (Primera División champion) faced Federación Tucumana de Fútbol (Copa Presidente champion) at Atlético Tucumán Stadium, located in San Miguel de Tucumán. Although both teams had won their titles in 1944, the final was played three years later, on March 23, 1947.


1944 Copa de Competencia Británica Final
The 1944 Copa de Competencia Británica Final was the final that decided the winner of the 1st. edition of this Argentine domestic cup. It was played on December 9, 1944. Huracán defeated Boca Juniors 4–2 at San Lorenzo Stadium, winning their first Copa Británica trophy.


1944 Copa de Competencia Británica Final, Overview
The cup was contested by the same clubs participating in 1944 Argentine Primera División, playing a single-elimination format in a neutral venue. Huracán beat Vélez Sarsfield 2–1, arch-rival San Lorenzo 4–3, and Newell's Old Boys 4–1 in semifinals.


1944 Copa de Competencia Británica Final, Overview
On the other hand, Boca Juniors beat Racing 3–2, Banfield 4–2, and Platense 1–0 in semifinal.


1944 Copa de Competencia Británica Final, Overview
In the final, Huracán beat Boca Juniors 4–2. Boca Juniors players Natalio Pescia and Mario Boyé were sent off.


1944 Copa del Generalísimo
The 1944 Copa del Generalísimo was the 42nd staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1944 Copa del Generalísimo
The competition began on 20 February 1944 and concluded on 25 June 1944 with the final, where Atlético de Bilbao won their 15th title.


1944 Copa del Generalísimo Final
The Copa del Generalísimo 1944 Final was the 42nd final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Montjuïc in Barcelona, on 25 June 1944, being won by Club Atlético de Bilbao, who beat Valencia CF 2-0.


1944 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1944 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 35th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.


1944 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Ballyhea Rovers won the championship following a 2-04 to 0-01 defeat of Oldcastletown in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1931.


1944 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1944 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 56th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1944 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 15 October 1944, Clonakilty won the championship following a 1-09 to 1-05 defeat of Fermoy in the final. This was their fourth championship title overall and their third title in succession.


1944 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1944 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 30 January 1944. The championship began on 30 April 1944 and ended on 22 October 1944.


1944 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 22 October 1944, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 5-7 to 3-3 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their 9th championship title overall and their first in three championship seasons.


1944 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1944 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1944 college football season. In its ninth and final season under head coach Carl Snavely, the team compiled a 5–4 record and outscored its opponents 131 to 130. The team captains were Frank Accorsi and Grant Ellis.


1944 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.


1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake
The 1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake occurred on September 5 at 12:38:45 am EDT in Massena, New York. It registered 5.8 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). This area is part of the Saint Lawrence River Valley and the seismically active zone known as the Saint Lawrence rift system. The earthquake is the largest known in New York's recorded history and was felt over great distances.


1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake, Damage
The earthquake was felt as far away as New York City, Quebec City, Toronto, and Boston and caused roughly $2 million in property damage. Several large aftershocks were felt in the general area, described as a low rumble followed by a loud bang.


1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake, Damage
In the village of Massena, New York, approximately 90 percent of its chimneys were destroyed or damaged, along with heavy damage to masonry structures. It was also reported that cracks appeared in the ground around the town of Hogansburg, located 10 miles east of Massena. There were also reports of wells that dried up, and a crack in a deep alluvium north of Massena Center oozed water and sand.


1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake, Damage
Damage to the city of Cornwall, Ontario, was heavier due to a denser population and its geological location; many structures' foundations were built on sand. Cornwall Collegiate and Vocational School received heavy damage from masonry work falling through the roof of the gymnasium.


1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake, Epicenter
The epicenter was located in the vicinity of Massena Center, a small hamlet located 3.5 miles east of the village of Massena. Research was taken from inspecting the local graveyards which had seen damage done in the form of headstones rotating on their foundations.


1944 Cornwall–Massena earthquake, Epicenter
In the city of Cornwall, the French Cemetery, Saint Columban's Cemetery and Woodlawn Cemetery were inspected and found that the headstones had turned counter-clockwise. In the town of Massena, Calvary Cemetery and Massena Center Cemetery were inspected and found the headstones had turned clockwise. Its epicenter was determined to have been located in the hamlet of Massena Center due to the greater damage of the hamlet itself and the severe rotation found in the cemetery. All chimneys received severe damage along with several reports of foundation damage.