1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, South Pasadena debate
In the midst of the turmoil, Prohibition Party candidate Hoeppel came down the aisle (according to Bullock, possibly drunk) and demanded to know why he had been excluded from the debate. He was permitted to ask one question, of Voorhis, and the evening ended. According to Bullock, "the magnitude of Nixon's triumph did not immediately dawn on us." Congressman Holifield had grasped it, and when Voorhis asked him, "How did it go?" he responded, "Jerry, he cut you to pieces."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Additional debates
On September 19, Voorhis wired the NCPAC's Los Angeles and New York offices, requesting that "whatever qualified endorsement the Citizens PAC may have given me be withdrawn". By this time, newspapers across the district had printed Nixon's charges, along with a Nixon advertisement castigating Voorhis for allegedly accusing Nixon of lying about the PAC endorsement. According to Nixon biographer Roger Morris, the repudiation of NCPAC endorsements did not help Voorhis, as his actions "would seem to many a half-guilty shedding of sinister backing he never had. To the end, as Chotiner had calculated, the PACs were hopelessly entangled." The Nixon campaign distributed 25,000 thimbles labeled "Nixon for Congress/Put the needle in the P.A.C."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Additional debates
The second debate was held at Patriotic Hall in Whittier on September 20. As the debate was sponsored by the Whittier Ex-Servicemen's Association, attendance was limited to veterans. The candidates debated the best way of dealing with the postwar housing shortage. Voorhis favored restricting building of commercial structures to free up materials for housing, while Nixon urged the removal of all building restrictions. When Nixon repeated his PAC allegations, Voorhis noted his request to the NCPAC, stating that he could not be held responsible for its actions. According to Morris, the debate ended as a draw, or perhaps even a Voorhis victory. Chotiner convinced Nixon that he needed to run an aggressive campaign to the end, and McCall challenged the Voorhis campaign to as many as eight additional debates, of which three were actually held.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Additional debates
The debates captured the interest of the public in the district and attracted large crowds. The candidates were compared to Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas, who had famously debated in their 1858 senatorial campaign, and bands played marches as each candidate entered the venue. The two candidates' third meeting was held at Bridges Auditorium in Claremont on October 11. Voorhis was, by his own admission, "awfully tired". The candidates discussed labor policy, and Nixon "scored" by detailing a policy for dealing with public strikes that Voorhis too late realized was taken from a bill he had drafted. Nixon took Voorhis aside after the debate and lambasted him for addressing him as "Lieutenant Commander Nixon", accusing him of pandering to former enlisted men's dislike of officers.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Additional debates
In the fourth debate, on October 23 at Monrovia High School, Nixon attacked Voorhis's congressional record. The challenger alleged that in the previous four years, Voorhis only had been able to pass a single bill through Congress and into law. The bill in question transferred jurisdiction over rabbit farming from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Agriculture. Nixon chided, "One has to be a rabbit to get effective representation in this congressional district."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Additional debates
Voorhis responded that he had sponsored an act to employ the physically handicapped, but Nixon stated that it was not a law, but a joint resolution. Nixon restated his allegation regarding Voorhis and the PAC; Voorhis retorted that he had repudiated the NCPAC endorsement. Nixon parried with a comment that Voorhis's voting record "earned him the endorsement, whether he wanted it or not". Nixon also contended that in 46 votes, Voorhis had almost entirely followed the CIO-PAC agenda. Distraught, Voorhis stayed up until 4 am studying the votes Nixon had taxed him with. He concluded that due to duplications, there were actually only 27 roll calls in question, on many of which he had opposed the CIO-PAC position. The congressman also found that the votes "friendly" to the CIO-PAC included one authorizing a school lunch program.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Additional debates
The final debate took place October 28 at the San Gabriel Civic Auditorium, to an overflow crowd in excess of a thousand. Voorhis went on the attack, charging Nixon with misrepresenting the "46 votes" to avoid real debate and any discussion of where Nixon himself stood on issues. The Republican candidate stated that he was fighting for "the person on a pension trying to keep up with the rising cost of living  ... the white-collar worker who has not had a raise ...


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Additional debates
Americans have had enough, and they have come to the conclusion that they are going to do something." Nixon sat down to thunderous applause, and the San Gabriel Sun described Voorhis: "He pauses, breathes heavily, scans the audience with tired eyes, adjusts his glasses nervously with both hands, and then strikes the podium with an open hand."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Final days
In mid October, the Nixon campaign unveiled an advertisement which foreshadowed his run for Senate four years later. After stating that Nixon, at the South Pasadena debate, confronted the congressman with "a photostatic copy of his endorsement by the communist-dominated PAC", the ad stated, "Among the extreme left-wingers with whom Voorhis kept company in voting the PAC line are Helen Gahagan Douglas, Vito Marcantonio ..."  On October 29, the Alhambra Post-Advocate and Monrovia News-Post printed identical pieces entitled "How Jerry and Vito voted", comparing the California congressman's voting record with that of Marcantonio, a leftist New York congressman. In 1950, a similar comparison between the voting record of Marcantonio and Democratic Senate nominee Douglas, printed on pink paper, came to be known as the "Pink Sheet".


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Final days
The Nixon campaign continued to run newspaper ads touching on the PAC issue. One ad suggested Radio Moscow had urged the election of the CIO slate. Others touched on Voorhis's past registration as a Socialist, and stated that his congressional record "is more Socialistic and Communistic than Democratic". The Democrats brought James Roosevelt and other prominent Democrats into the district to campaign for Voorhis. Nixon proposed that his wartime acquaintance, former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen campaign for him. However, the candidate could not get permission from the California Republican committee for Stassen to visit.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Final days
Voorhis publicized a letter he had received from the Republican governor, Earl Warren, praising him for a disability insurance proposal he had made. Nixon supporters asked Warren for a letter praising Nixon, or at least a retraction of the Voorhis letter. Warren refused, saying that Voorhis deserved the compliment, and Nixon would not receive an endorsement. This conflict began a contentious relationship between Nixon and Warren which lasted until Warren's death shortly before Nixon's resignation as president.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, General election, Final days
No polls had been taken during the campaign. On election night, Voorhis took an early lead in the vote count, but was soon overtaken by his challenger, whose margin increased as the night went on. Nixon defeated Voorhis by over 15,000 votes. The Republican won 19 of the 22 municipalities in the district, including Voorhis's home town of San Dimas. Voorhis won the Democratic strongholds of El Monte and Monterey Park, as well as rural Baldwin Park. Time magazine's post-election issue came out in mid-November, and it praised the future president for "politely avoid[ing] personal attacks on his opponent".


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Candidates
The day after the election, Voorhis issued a concession statement, wishing Nixon well in his new position, and stating:


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Candidates
I have given the best years of my life to serving this district in Congress. By the will of the people that work is ended. I have no regrets about the record I have written. I know the principles I have stood for and the measures I have fought for are right. I know, too, that, in broad outline at least, they are vital to the future safety and welfare of our country. I know the day will come when a lot more people will recognize this than was the case on November fifth.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Candidates
Former congressman Hoeppel, who gathered just over one percent of the vote, wrote Nixon after the election, stating that he had never expected to win, and that his purpose had been "to expose what I considered to be the alien-minded, un-American, PAC, Red, congressional record of the Democratic incumbent". Despite any hard feelings, Voorhis sent Nixon a letter of congratulations in early December 1946. Nixon and Voorhis met for an hour at Voorhis's office, and parted, according to Voorhis, as friends. In 1971, Voorhis said that the two had never spoken again.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Candidates
Voorhis's final letter as a congressman, written on December 31, was to his father, who had been his political adviser throughout his congressional career. Representative Voorhis wrote, "It has been primarily due to your help, your confidence, your advice ... above all to a feeling I have always had that your hand was on my shoulder. Thanks ... God bless you."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Candidates
Voorhis never ran again for political office, working as an executive in the cooperative movement for twenty years after his defeat. Hoeppel continued as publisher and editor of National Defense magazine, a publication for veterans, until his 1960 retirement, and died in Arcadia in 1976 at age 95. Nixon served two terms in the House, and in 1950 was elected to the United States Senate, continuing his political rise, which would lead him to the White House in 1969.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
The 12th district race of 1946 was little noticed at the time. As Nixon became prominent, the 1946 race was scrutinized more closely. Nixon biographer Herbert Parmet noted, "Except for Nixon's subsequent reputation, what happened in California's Twelfth would have been indistinguishable from campaigns across the country to elect the Eightieth Congress." Jonathan Aitken, also a biographer of Nixon, attributes the later scrutiny to "the unexpected toppling of a liberal icon and [the Democratic Party's] regret over the meteoric rise of the new Republican hero who won the seat".


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
Nixon's defeat of Voorhis has been cited as the first of a number of red-baiting campaigns by the future president which elevated him to the House, the Senate, the Vice Presidency, and eventually put him in position to run for president. Nixon, in his 1978 memoir, stated that the central issue in the 1946 campaign was "the quality of life in postwar America", and he won because voters "had 'had enough,' and they decided to do something about it".


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
Voorhis, in his 1947 memoir, indicated that the "most important single factor in the campaign of 1946 was the difference in general attitude between the 'outs' and the 'ins'. Anyone seeking to unseat an incumbent needed only to point out all the things that had gone wrong and all the trouble of the war period and its aftermath."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
In later years, Voorhis had more to say about the reasons for his defeat. In 1958, he alleged that voters had received anonymous phone calls saying that he was a communist, that newspapers had stated that he was a fellow traveler, and that when Nixon got angry, he would "do anything". In November 1962, after Nixon's defeat in the California gubernatorial race, Voorhis appeared on Howard K. Smith's News and Comment program on ABC in the episode entitled "The Political Obituary of Richard M. Nixon" and complained about the way Nixon had conducted himself in the 1946 race.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
Voorhis's appearance was overshadowed by the controversial participation of Nixon adversary Alger Hiss. In 1972, Voorhis authored a book, The Strange Case of Richard Milhous Nixon, in which he stated that Nixon was "quite a ruthless opponent" whose "one cardinal and unbreakable rule of conduct" was "to win, whatever it takes to do it". In 1981, three years before his death, Voorhis denied in an interview that he had been endorsed by the NCPAC.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
In his memoirs, Voorhis alleged that in October 1945, "a representative of a large New York financial house" journeyed to California to meet with a number of influential Californians and "bawl them out" for allowing Voorhis, whom the New Yorker supposedly described as "one of the most dangerous men in Washington", to remain in Congress. In an early draft of his memoir, Voorhis wrote that he had documentation showing that "the Nixon campaign was a creature of big eastern financial interests".


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
Nixon biographer Roger Morris suggested that the amount the Nixon campaign reported "was only a small fraction of what actually went into the campaign." According to Morris, the Committee of One Hundred represented wealthy interests, and Nixon benefited from "the University Club ... the corporate levies, the vastly larger forces arrayed against Voorhis". Nixon himself addressed this point in his memoir:


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
As I moved up the political ladder, my adversaries tried to picture me as the hand-picked stooge of oil magnates, rich bankers, real estate tycoons and conservative millionaires. But a look at the list of my early supporters shows that they were typical representatives of the Southern California middle class: an auto dealer, a bank manager, a printing salesman, and a furniture dealer.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
Nixon biographer Irwin Gellman, writing in 1999, nine years after Morris, disagreed with the latter's conclusions. Gellman argued that the Committee was a "grassroots" group which was "far from sophisticated" in its efforts to find a candidate. Parmet wrote that the campaign was not well financed, "Nixon had to learn that money would be scarce until he became a winner ... The Nixon campaign of 1946 did look like a shoestring affair." Aitken points out that Nixon spent no money on radio advertising during the campaign.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
Other allegations center on Murray Chotiner, painting him as the evil genius of the campaign. Voorhis, for example, in his 1972 book, deemed himself "the first victim of the Nixon-Chotiner formula for political success." Several writers, including Kenneth Kurz in his book, Nixon's Enemies, and Ingrid Scobie in her biography of Helen Douglas, Center Stage, describe Chotiner incorrectly as Nixon's 1946 campaign manager. Part of this inflation is due to Chotiner himself, who, in later years, lost no opportunity to exaggerate his role in the 1946 race, to the annoyance of Day and McCall. According to Nixon biographer Stephen Ambrose, "Nevertheless, the legend grew. In the eyes of Nixon's critics, as a candidate he was merely a front man for Chotiner's evil manipulations. But it simply was not so."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Historical issues
A number of biographies on Nixon or Voorhis, or which otherwise touch on the 1946 campaign, state with varying degrees of certainty that during the final weekend of the campaign, anonymous calls were made to district households. The caller would ask "Did you know Jerry Voorhis is a communist?" and then hang up. According to Bullock, there was a phone bank staffed by workers who had responded to a newspaper ad, run by the Nixon organization in Alhambra. Bullock cites as his source for this Zita Remley, a "Voorhis admirer", who stated that her niece had worked there. Although the niece died before Bullock's book was written, according to Bullock, Remley's "reputation for veracity is unchallengeable".


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Campaigns
Nixon spent most of 1946 campaigning in the district, and worked hard to extend his name recognition beyond his hometown of Whittier. In 1952, as Nixon ran for vice president, the Madera News-Tribune set forth its view of why Nixon beat Voorhis, "He rang doorbells, he talked on street corners and in auditoriums, he kissed babies, patted old ladies on the cheek, and otherwise made himself known wherever and whenever two people would stop and listen to him. He made friends with the press and radio, he went out of his way to be congenial and likable." Bullock indicated that regardless of the tactics used, Nixon would likely have beaten the incumbent given the national Republican tide that swept the party into power in the House of Representatives for the first time since 1931.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Campaigns
Starting in the primary, the Nixon campaign made determined efforts to woo the district's newspapers. The campaign targeted smaller papers, especially the small weekly newspapers that were distributed for free; Republican surveys found that these were widely read and trusted. Nixon supporter and Republican National Committeeman from California McIntyre Faries arranged to buy ads on behalf of the Nixon campaign on condition that the newspaper run an editorial at its direction (most of the papers were, in any event, Republican in their outlook). These efforts paid off; 26 of the 30 newspapers serving the district endorsed Nixon. According to Nixon biographer Morris, Voorhis was given no coverage in newspapers, or limited to small paid advertisements. The paper owners told the Voorhis campaign that, with the postwar paper shortage, space had to be saved for regular customers.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Campaigns
Voorhis's campaign, described by Bullock as "traditionally amateurish and poorly put together", was slow to perceive the threat presented by Nixon and remained continually on the defensive. In 1971, in an article marking the 25th anniversary of the campaign, Voorhis acknowledged that "I never had much of an organization; frankly, there was no form to it. And we needed it badly in 1946." In the same article, the Los Angeles Times described Voorhis's campaign as "undermanned, underfinanced, outgunned, outmaneuvered and he apparently was on the wrong side of most of the issues of the day".


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Campaigns
His one avenue of outreach in the press was his newspaper column, People's Business, which ran in most local newspapers. In July 1946, Voorhis chose to suspend this column lest it be thought that he was using it as a means of campaigning. According to Gellman, this weakened Voorhis's political outreach.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Campaigns
One blunder identified by Gellman was Voorhis's decision to debate Nixon, as it raised the challenger's profile to the same level as the incumbent's. This decision was described by Morris as "quiet hubris". Nixon later stated, "In 1946, a damn fool incumbent named Jerry Voorhis debated a young unknown lawyer, and it cost him the election." Gellman itemized Voorhis's other errors: "He never established a viable Democratic organization; instead he relied on his father and friends to evaluate voters' likely habits.


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Campaigns
Rather than return to campaign in the primary when he recognized Nixon's attractiveness, he remained in the capital, allowing Nixon to court newspaper publishers and reporters as well as constituents who wanted to have firsthand contact with their congressional representative. Even when Voorhis returned to the district, he made one blunder after another."


1946 California's 12th congressional district election, Aftermath and analysis, Campaigns
For Whittier and the 12th district, Nixon's first campaign produced the first Nixon haters and the first group of Nixon supporters. This was a consequence of his campaigning style and his penchant for polarizing his constituents over basic issues. The numbers of both groups would grow in the years ahead, until virtually everyone in the nation belonged to either one or the other.


1946 Cambodian general election
General elections were held for the first time in Cambodia on 1 September 1946. The Democratic Party won 50 of the 67 seats, with voter turnout estimated to be 60%.


1946 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby
The 1946 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was won by the selection della Buenos Aires Province ("Provincia") that beat in the final the selection of Capital.


1946 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Results, Final
Capital: A. Ozores (GEBA) (cap)., T. C. Sacca (Belgrano), R. D. H. Brown (Belgrano), J.Sansot (C.U.B.A. ), y A. Fernández Moores (C.U.B.A. ), E. Monpelat (C.U.B.A. ), E. Holmberg (C.U.B.A., L. M. Bertani (GEBA), R. MacKay (GEBA), E. Lucotti (Belgrano), H.Ponce (GEBA), C. B: Ardió (C.U.B.A. ), F. Elizalde (C.U.B.A. ), H. Achával (C.U.B.A. ), R.Lucotti (Belgrano) Provincia R. Frigerio (Pucará), V. Bereciartúa (Pucará), A. Palma (Pucará), J. C. de Pablo (Pucará), H. Castro Feijóo (C.A.S.I. ), R. E. Giles (Pucará), G. Ehrmann (Pucará), E. Fonseca (Pucará), J. Sarandón (S.I.C. ), B. Grigolón (Hindú), A. González Bonorino (Olivos), J. Morganti (C.A.San Isidro), E. Daulte (Olivos), J. Bastiani (Hindú) cap., A. Gutiérrez (Hindú)


1946 Campeonato Carioca
The 1946 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 6, 1946 and ended on December 28, 1946. It was organized by FMF (Federação Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Ten teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 15th time. no teams were relegated.


1946 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1946 Campeonato Paulista
The 1946 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão, organized by the Federação Paulista de Futebol, was the 45th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. São Paulo won the title for the 4th time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Corinthians's Servílio with 19 goals.


1946 Campeonato Paulista, Championship
The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1946 Canadian census
The 1946 Canadian census was the fifth, and last, of a series of special censuses conducted by the Government of Canada covering the rapidly expanding Northwest Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. These censuses were conducted every ten years from 1906 to 1946, and ceased when the nationwide census switched from decennial (every year ending in 1) to quinquennial (every year ending in 1 or 6) in 1956. This census was conducted as of June 1, 1946.


1946 Canadian census
The entire population of Canada for 1946 was estimated at 12,292,000, an increase of 1.8% over the previous year.


1946 Canadian census
Canada's Statistics Act legislation does not permit the release of personal information until 92 years have elapsed. Detailed information from this census is not due for release until 2038.


1946 Canadian census
The previous census was the nationwide 1941 census and the following census was the nationwide 1951 census.


1946 Cannes Film Festival
The 1st annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 20 September to 5 October 1946. Twenty-one countries presented their films at the "First Cannes International Film Festival", which took place at the former Casino of Cannes. Only one year after the end of World War II, most of the films were about the war. There arose several technical issues, such as the tarpauline cover blowing away in a storm  on the day before the winners were to be announced, the reels of Alfred Hitchcock’s Notorious shown in reverse order, and Miguel M. Delgado’s The Three Musketeers projected upside-down.


1946 Cannes Film Festival
During the first festival, the jury was made up of one representative per country, with French historian Georges Huisman as the Jury President. With more emphasis on creativity than in competitiveness, eighteen nations presented their films. Eleven of them tied for the first Grand Prix of the International Festival.


1946 Cannes Film Festival, Jury
The following people were appointed as the Jury for the feature and short films:


1946 Cannes Film Festival, Short films
The following short films were selected for the Grand Prix du court métrage:


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election
An election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1946. The 1940 and 1943 elections were postponed due to the Second World War, therefore the election was preceded by the 1937 election and followed, by the 1949 election.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result
The Independents retained their majority despite a strong Labour challenge, which saw an increase in the number of candidates contesting wards outside of the industrial south and east of the county. Retiring aldermen were also obliged to face the electorate before being re-elected to the bench.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Unopposed returns
There were a number of unopposed returns, notably in Labour-held seats.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
Many wards were keenly contested following the reinstatement of electoral politics after nine years.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
In the Llanelli and Ammanford areas, Labour won ground, particularly in Llanelli town where three wards were gained from the Independents. Labour also defeated the sitting Independent at Llangeler (a rural ward where the party had been successful once before largely due to the prevalence of the woolen industry). Labour also won the St Ishmaels ward for the first time.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
Another feature was that long-serving aldermen faced the electorate. A notable contest took place in Cwmamman where Alderman John Phillips, a member of the Council since 1922 narrowly defeated the sitting Labour councillor David Davies. In Carmarthen Town, Alderman William Price Williams was defeated by the retiring Independent, as was Alderman Evan Harris at Llansawel.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. In some cases there is an ambiguity in the sources over the party affiliations and this is explained below where relevant.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 53 councillors were elected.


1946 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
In addition to the 57 councillors the council consisted of 19 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections the following nine aldermen were elected (with the number of votes in each case).


1946 Catawba Indians football team
The 1946 Catawba Indians football team was an American football team that represented Catawba College as a member of the North State Conference during the 1946 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach Gordon Kirkland, the team compiled a 10–2 record, defeated Maryville in the 1947 Tangerine Bowl, shut out 5 of 12 opponents, and outscored opponents by a total of 282 to 67.


1946 Central American and Caribbean Games
The 5th Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Barranquilla, Colombia, from 5 March to 25 March 1946. These games featured 1,540 athletes from thirteen nations, competing in seventeen sports.


1946 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
The 1946 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College of Education, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1946 college football season. In their 10th and final season under head coach Ron Finch, the Chippewas compiled a 6–2 record, shut out three opponents (Bowling Green, Northern Michigan, and Great Lakes NTS), and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 240 to 67. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Mount Pleasant, Michigan.


1946 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
Ron Finch was the team's head coach. Lawrence "Doc" Sweeney was the line coach, and Lyle Bennett was the assistant coach in charge of the ends, kickers, and the "B" team.


1946 Central Michigan Chippewas football team
Coach Finch retired as the school's head football coach in January 1947 to devote his efforts to his position as the head of the college's physical education department. In 10 years as the school's head football coach, Finch compiled a 54–18–1 record.


1946 Chatham Cup
The 1946 Chatham Cup was the 19th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1946 Chatham Cup
The competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Wellington Marist, Metro College (Auckland), Wanganui Old Boys, St. Andrews (Manawatu), Technical Old Boys (Christchurch), and Mosgiel.


1946 Chatham Cup, The 1946 final
Wellington Marist's Jack Duffy was the only player to play in both the 1946 final and the 1932 final, Marist's previous Chatham Cup win. The 1946 team also contained three members of the Nunns family: Ces, Des, and Ray Nunns. Marist dominated the final, but it was Tech who took the lead in front of a crowd of 8000, with Cyril Thomas scoring during the first half. Jack Hatchard levelled for Marist before the break, then took the lead early in the second half through Henry Bell.


1946 Chatkal earthquake
On November 2 of 1946, west Kyrgyzstan (then the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union) was struck by a magnitude 7.5-7.6 earthquake, the largest in the republic since 1911. The earthquake's hypocenter is probably located beneath the Tien Shan Mountains, near the border with Uzbekistan and north of Namangan.


1946 Chatkal earthquake
The earthquake had a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale, and IX on the MSK scale. This shock rocked the entire country and Tian Shan Range. Severe property damage was reported in its aftermath but the number of deaths and injuries remains unknown. It has been considered one of the most devastating earthquakes in Central Asia.


1946 Chatkal earthquake
Two days later, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck nearby Turkmenistan, killing 400 people.


1946 Chatkal earthquake, Tectonic setting
The Talas-Fergana Fault is a massive 800 km long intracontinental strike-slip fault running through the Tien Shan Mountains, the largest in Central Asia. It has produced several significant earthquakes with magnitude 7.0 or greater in the past 6000 years with recurrence intervals on segments of the fault between 145 and 850 years, and an average of 375 years. Earlier studies and research on this event concluded that the earthquake occurred on a secondary branch of this fault known as the Atoinok Thrust Fault.


1946 Chatkal earthquake, Effects
Man-made structures within a 1,500 km2 area around the epicenter were completely destroyed. Shuduger, Kichitovar, Chontovar villages were severely damaged or totally destroyed. Intensity X to VIII was evaluated to occupy an area perpendicular to the Chatkal Range, and parallel to the fault. The meizoseismal area however, was parallel to the Talas-Fergana Fault, indicating most of the seismic energy was released parallel to the fault instead.


1946 Chatkal earthquake, Effects
Landslides, loams and rockfalls dammed rivers. A rockfall dammed the Naryn River, forming a quake lake. This threatened the small community of Toktogul with a possibility the rockfall dam breaching, causing a surge.


1946 Chatkal earthquake, Effects
Surface ruptures up to 300 meters long and 50 meters wide fissured the landscape.


1946 Chatkal earthquake, Effects
The earthquake's strength was also felt in Osh and Tashkent, Uzbekistan where the shaking intensity was VI (Strong) to IV (Light), causing substantial damage to buildings.


1946 Chatkal earthquake, Aftershocks
Numerous aftershocks continued throughout the region. The largest included a magnitude 5.5 and 5.4 in 1955 and 1959. Another magnitude 5.6 struck near Toktogul Reservoir on October 28 1971.


1946 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1946 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as an independent during the 1946 college football season. In its 16th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 5–5 record.


1946 Chicago Bears season
The 1946 season was the Chicago Bears' 27th in the National Football League. The team  improved on their 3–7 record from 1945 and finished with a  8–2–1 record, under head coach George Halas making his return from World War II en route to a Western Division title and an appearance in the NFL Championship Game. In the title game, the Bears defeated the New York Giants for their seventh league title and their fourth of the decade.


1946 Chicago Bears season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1946 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1946 Chicago Cardinals season was the 27th season the team was in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 1–9, winning six games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 21st consecutive season.


1946 Chicago Cardinals season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1946 Chicago Cubs season
The 1946 Chicago Cubs season was the 75th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 71st in the National League and the 31st at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished third in the National League with a record of 82–71.


1946 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1946 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1946 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Chicago Rockets season
The 1946 Chicago Rockets season was the inaugural season for both the Chicago Rockets and the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) in which they played. The Rockets compiled a 5-6-3 record, were outscored by a total of 315 to 263, and finished in last place in the AAFC's West Division.


1946 Chicago Rockets season
Dick Hanley, who had been the head coach at Northwestern from 1927 to 1934, was the head coach at the start of the season. After the first three games, the players voted 32-to-1 to remove Hanley. The team felt that Hanley's double-wing system was outdated. After a two-hour meeting between the players and team owner John L. Keeshin, Keeshin fired Hanley. Three of the players (Ned Mathews, Bob Dove, and Willie Wilkin) took over as player-coaches. The "self-coached experiment" ended on October 29 when Pat Boland was hired as head coach.


1946 Chicago Rockets season
The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Bob Hoernschemeyer with 1,266 passing yards and 375 rushing yards, halfback Elroy Hirsch with 347 receiving yards, and backup quarterback (and placekicker) Steve Nemeth with 59 points scored (32 extra points, 9 field goals). Hoernschemeyer was the only Chicago player named to the All-AAFC team, receiving second-team honors from both the United Press and on the official All-AAFC team.


1946 Chicago Rockets season, Roster
Players shown in bold started at least one game at the position listed as confirmed by contemporary game coverage.


1946 Chicago White Sox season
The 1946 Chicago White Sox season was the White Sox's 46th season in the major leagues, and their 47th season overall. They finished with a record of 74–80, good enough for 5th place in the American League, 30 games behind the first place Boston Red Sox.


1946 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases


1946 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching
Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts


1946 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1946 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1946 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1946. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California. This was the first team Chico State fielded in four years. They had no team during the war years of 1943–1945.


1946 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1946 Wildcats were led by fifth-year head coach Roy Bohler. Chico State finished the season with a record of two wins and seven losses (2–7, 1–1 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 61–109 for the season.


1946 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL
No Chico State players were selected in the 1947 NFL Draft.


1946 Chilean presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Chile on September 4, 1946. The result was a victory for Gabriel González Videla of the Radical Party, who received 40% of the public vote and 75% of the Congressional vote.


1946 Chilean presidential election, Electoral system
The election was held using the absolute majority system, under which a candidate had to receive over 50% of the popular vote to be elected. If no candidate received over 50% of the vote, both houses of the National Congress would come together to vote on the two candidates who received the most votes.


1946 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Fernando Alessandri
The support of the Democratic Alliance to Gonzalez motivated the separation of a part of the Radical Party, opposite to the communist-radical alliance, which there shaped the Democratic Radical party directed by Julio Durán and Arturo Olavarría. This conglomerate raised Alfredo Duhalde's candidacy, supported also by the Authentic Socialist Party. Then, in one slightly confused situation, Duhalde and Arturo Alessandri stoop his respective candidacies giving step to the candidate Fernando Alessandri Rodríguez, standard-bearer of liberal, radical democratic and authentic Socialists of Marmaduke Grove.


1946 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Eduardo Cruz-Coke
The right-wing met in his own convention in July. Conservative, liberal and agrarian Labours Parties members came to the Convention with the following candidates:


1946 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Eduardo Cruz-Coke
Nevertheless none managed to triumph in the Convention (65% was needed and then 60% of the delegates to be elect) and this one was suspended after one week. Diverse meetings for the only candidate failed, and in this way Eduardo Cruz-Coke's candidacies remained elevated, supported for the conservatives and Arturo Alessandri, for liberal and agrarian Labour Parties members. Then he remained only Cruz-Coke supported by the conservatives, since liberal and agrarian Labours Parties members continued with Fernando Alessandri's candidacy, together with a sector of the radicalism (Democratic Radical party), after the resignations of Arturo Alessandri and the vice-president Alfredo Duhalde.


1946 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Gabriel González Videla
Already in February 1946 the situation had been defined inside the Radical party (of the president Ríos) where there face Gabriel Gonzalez Videla and Arturo Olavarría, the latter the support of the "Duhaldist" faction. Nevertheless, before the voting this one sector abstains, leaving only Olavarría, who was widely defeated by his contender.


1946 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Gabriel González Videla
For your part, the Democratic Alliance, successor of the Popular Front, met in a convention on July 21 and decided to support Gonzalez, leaving of side the candidacy of the communist Elías Lafertte.


1946 Chilean presidential election, Candidates, Bernardo Ibañez
The Socialist Party of Chile, opposite to such circumstances, there proposes his own candidate, Bernardo Ibáñez Aguila, though in the election are going to give his vote to Gonzalez Videla.


1946 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1946 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1946 college football season. The Bearcats were led by head coach Ray Nolting and compiled a 9–2 record. The Bearcats would defeat Virginia Tech in the Sun Bowl 18–6.


1946 Cincinnati Bearcats football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Bearcats were selected.


1946 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1946 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the National League with a record of 67–87, 30 games behind the St. Louis Cardinals.


1946 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1946 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1946 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Claxton Shield
The 1946 Claxton Shield was the seventh annual Claxton Shield, an Australian national baseball tournament—the first time the tournament was held after a seven-year break due to World War II. It was held at Petersham Oval and Marrickville Oval in Sydney from 3 to 10 August, and was won by the hosts New South Wales for the fourth time in a row. With this tournament win, they overtook South Australia as the outright leading state in Claxton Shield tournament wins.


1946 Claxton Shield
The other participating teams were Victoria and hosts South Australia. The two newest teams to the tournament—Western Australia and Queensland—did not participate. However both did host an interstate series: Western Australia hosted a South Australian team, and Queensland hosted New South Wales after the Sydney season.


1946 Claxton Shield, Format
With the reduction of participating teams back to the original three, the format also returned to a pure round-robin tournament. Once again, each team met each other team twice over the course of the week. In each game, two competition points were on offer to the teams. The points were awarded as follows:


1946 Claxton Shield, Format
At the end of the tournament, the team with the most points was declared the winner, and awarded the Claxton Shield.


1946 Claxton Shield, All-Australian team
At the conclusion of the tournament, representatives from the Australian Baseball Council selected an All-Australian team. It was the second such Australian team selected at the end of a Claxton Shield tournament. As had been the case in the 1939 side, New South Wales players dominated the team, with seven players selected.


1946 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1946 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College during the 1946 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 4–5 record (2–3 against conference opponents), tied for 10th place in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 174 to 147. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.


1946 Clemson Tigers football team
Left end Chip Clark was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included tailback Dutch Leverman with 501 passing yards, tailback Bobby Gage with 264 rushing yards, and Leverman and Clark with 24 points scored (4 touchdowns each).


1946 Clemson Tigers football team
Three Clemson players were selected as first-team players on the 1946 All-South Carolina football team: end Chip Clark; guard Frank Gillespie; and tailback Bobby Gage.


1946 Clemson Tigers football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Tiger was selected.


1946 Cleveland Browns season
The 1946 Cleveland Browns season was the team's first in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The Browns, coached by Paul Brown, ended the year with a record of 12–2, winning the AAFC's Western Division. Led by quarterback Otto Graham, fullback Marion Motley and ends Dante Lavelli and Mac Speedie, the team won the first AAFC championship game against the New York Yankees.


1946 Cleveland Browns season
The Browns were founded by Arthur B. McBride, a Cleveland taxi-cab tycoon, as a charter franchise in the new AAFC. McBride in 1945 hired Brown, a successful coach at the high school and college levels. Brown, who was serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II, began to assemble a roster as the team prepared to begin play in 1946. After beating the Brooklyn Dodgers in an exhibition game, Cleveland opened the regular season against the Miami Seahawks at Cleveland Stadium on September 6, winning 44–0.


1946 Cleveland Browns season
The Browns proceeded to win six more games before losing for the first time in October against the San Francisco 49ers at home by a score of 34–20. Cleveland lost a second game in a row against the Los Angeles Dons the following week, but rebounded to win the final five games of the season, including a 66–14 victory over the Dodgers. Cleveland finished with the league's best record and a spot in the championship game against the Yankees. The Browns won the game 14–9.


1946 Cleveland Browns season
Lavelli led the AAFC in receiving with 843 yards and 8 touchdowns, while placekicker Lou Groza led the league in points scored, with 84. Graham had the league's best passing average, with 10.5 yards per attempt. His quarterback rating of 112.1 was the highest in professional football history until Joe Montana surpassed it in 1989. Cleveland played all of its home games in Cleveland Stadium. The 1946 Browns set a professional football record with 67 defensive takeaways; the record still stands as of 2021.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Founding of the Browns in the AAFC
In 1944 Arch Ward, the influential sports editor of the Chicago Tribune, started a new professional football league called the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Ward, who had gained fame for starting all-star games for baseball and college football, lined up deep-pocketed owners including Arthur B. "Mickey" McBride, a Cleveland businessman who grew up in Chicago and knew Ward from his involvement in the newspaper business.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Founding of the Browns in the AAFC
McBride developed a passion for football attending games at Notre Dame, where his son went to college. In the early 1940s he tried to buy the NFL's Cleveland Rams, owned by millionaire supermarket heir Dan Reeves, but was rebuffed. Having been awarded the Cleveland franchise in the AAFC, McBride asked Cleveland Plain Dealer sportswriter John Dietrich for head coaching suggestions. Dietrich recommended Paul Brown, the 36-year-old Ohio State Buckeyes coach. After consulting with Ward, McBride followed Dietrich's advice in early 1945, naming Brown head coach and giving him an ownership stake in the team and full control over player personnel. Brown, who had built an impressive record as coach of a Massillon, Ohio, high school team and brought the Buckeyes their first national championship, at the time was serving in the U.S. Navy and coached the football team at Great Lakes Naval Station near Chicago.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Founding of the Browns in the AAFC
The name of the team was at first left up to Brown, who rejected calls for it to be christened the Browns. McBride then held a contest to name the team in May 1945; "Cleveland Panthers" was the most popular choice, but Brown rejected it because it was the name of an earlier failed football team. "That old Panthers team failed," Brown said. "I want no part of that name." In August, McBride gave in to popular demand and named the team the Browns, despite Paul Brown's objections.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Building a roster
As the war wound down with Germany's surrender in May 1945, the team parlayed Brown's ties to college football and the military to build its roster. The first signing was Otto Graham, a former star quarterback at Northwestern University who was then serving in the Navy. The Browns later signed kicker and offensive tackle Lou Groza and wide receivers Dante Lavelli and Mac Speedie. Fullback Marion Motley and nose tackle Bill Willis, two of the earliest African-Americans to play professional football, also joined the team in 1946. Cleveland's first training camp took place at Bowling Green University in northwestern Ohio. Brown's reputation for winning notwithstanding, joining the team was a risk; the Browns and the AAFC were nascent entities and faced tough competition from the NFL. "I just went up there to see what would happen," center Frank Gatski said many years later.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Building a roster
Almost all of the players Brown signed were war veterans. Gatski hitchhiked to Bowling Green from West Virginia in a military uniform. Once at training camp, the players faced intense competition for spots on the final roster. Rookies who had their college careers cut short by the war faced off against veteran players from NFL teams including the Chicago Cardinals and Chicago Bears. "It was a tough, dog-eat-dog situation, and you really had to hustle," Groza said later. Almost all of the men Brown signed had played for or against his teams at Ohio State and Great Lakes.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Building a roster
Five former Rams players also jumped to the Browns in 1946: center Mike Scarry, tackle Chet Adams and backs Gaylon Smith, Tommy Colella and Don Greenwood. Their move gave rise to a legal battle with the Rams, who left Cleveland for Los Angeles shortly after winning the 1945 NFL championship rather than compete with the Browns. Reeves, the Rams' owner, filed an injunction against Adams in federal court after he signed with the Browns, claiming the tackle unlawfully broke his contract to play for the Rams.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Building a roster
Adams argued he had no obligation under his contract to play for the Rams because the team had changed to the Los Angeles Rams following the move. At the end of August 1946, federal judge Emerich Freed denied the Rams' injunction, allowing Adams to play for the Browns. The judge rejected the Rams' contention that Adams had signed to play for Reeves, not a specific team. He ruled the Cleveland Rams had ceased to exist, and that Adams therefore was not bound to fulfill a contract with the Los Angeles Rams.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Building a roster
In addition to the players, Brown hired a number of assistant coaches. John Brickels, an Ohio native, was brought in early on to sign players while Brown was still in the Navy. He later served as a backfield coach. Another hire was Blanton Collier, a high school coach for 16 years who had been an assistant to Brown at Great Lakes. Collier succeeded Brown in 1963 as the team's head coach. Fritz Heisler was brought in as a guard coach and stayed with the Browns until the 1970s.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason
The Browns' first and only preseason game took place at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio, against the Brooklyn Dodgers. Cleveland won the game 35–20. Brooklyn opened the scoring with a touchdown in the first quarter and another on the first play of the second quarter. Both touchdowns followed interceptions thrown by Otto Graham. Substituting for Graham, Cliff Lewis threw a short touchdown pass to Fred Evans near the end of the second quarter to give the Browns their first points.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Preseason
Cleveland scored again in the second half after John Rokisky picked up a fumble by Brooklyn halfback Glenn Dobbs and ran it 55 yards for a touchdown, giving the Browns the lead. Graham threw a short pass to Mac Speedie for another touchdown in the third quarter, and added a 20-yard pass to George Young in the fourth quarter to widen the lead. In the same quarter, Evans intercepted a Dobbs pass and ran 83 yards for his second touchdown. Brooklyn had a touchdown near the end of the game to make the final score 35–20. Cleveland won the game despite trailing the Dodgers in rushing yards, 93 to 63. After the win, the Browns prepared to face the Miami Seahawks in their first regular-season game the following Friday.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Miami Seahawks
The Browns' first game, against the Miami Seahawks, took place on a warm late-summer evening in September. The crowd was the second-largest ever for a professional football game. The game was well-attended in part because of team owner Arthur B. McBride's promotion of the new team, but also because the Browns' two black players helped draw a large African-American crowd. Miami's team, drawn mainly from the Southern United States, was overmatched by Cleveland. The score was 27–0 at halftime and the final was 44–0.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Miami Seahawks
Browns end Mac Speedie scored the team's first points on a 19-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Cliff Lewis. Otto Graham came in at quarterback in the second quarter and threw a touchdown to Dante Lavelli. Placekicker Lou Groza kicked three field goals, and the Browns had two defensive touchdowns. Miami never advanced past the Browns' 39-yard line.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Chicago Rockets
In their second game, the Browns faced the Chicago Rockets at Soldier Field before a crowd of 51,962 people, an attendance record for a professional football game in Chicago. It was the first of many games during which Cleveland's two black players, Marion Motley and Bill Willis, endured racially charged verbal and physical abuse. Some of their white teammates, including Lou Rymkus, retaliated by dealing their own cheap shots. Motley opened the scoring with a 20-yard run for a touchdown, the first in his career.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Chicago Rockets
Lou Groza added two field goals in the third quarter, and halfback Don Greenwood ran for a 41-yard touchdown to make the final score 20–6. Chicago's only points came on a touchdown run by Billy Hillenbrand on the first play of the fourth quarter. Motley later said that racism on the field stopped after opponents saw how well he and Willis played: "They found out that while they were calling us niggers and alligator bait, I was running for touchdowns and Willis was knocking the shit out of them. So they stopped calling us names and started trying to catch up with us."


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. Buffalo Bisons
The Browns next played the Buffalo Bisons in Buffalo, New York. Just over 30,000 people watched the game; while this was a lower total than the Browns' previous two games, it set a professional football attendance record in Buffalo. Playing in 80-degree heat, Browns quarterback Otto Graham threw two touchdowns in the first quarter to John Yonakor and Marion Motley. Cleveland scored for a third time in the first quarter when Cliff Lewis, substituting for Graham, pitched a lateral to Gaylon Smith, who ran it in for a touchdown.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 3: vs. Buffalo Bisons
After neither team scored in the second and third quarters, the Browns added a fourth touchdown on Chet Adams' fumble return. Al Dekdebrun, Buffalo's second-string quarterback, fumbled at the Bisons' 34-yard line and Adams picked it up and ran for a touchdown. The Bisons were held scoreless despite having more first downs than the Browns. The team played without its primary rushing threat, Steve Juzwik, who was sidelined with a pulled leg muscle.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 4: vs. New York Yankees
Cleveland got off to a strong start against the New York Yankees, scoring two touchdowns in the first nine minutes. Interceptions by Don Greenwood and center Mike Scarry set up the scores. The Yankees came back with a touchdown of their own later in the first quarter after recovering a Graham fumble at Cleveland's 14-yard line. Neither team scored in the second and third quarters, but the Browns added to their lead in the fourth.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 4: vs. New York Yankees
Lou Groza kicked a field goal and Edgar "Special Delivery" Jones ran up the middle for a 43-yard touchdown with less than three minutes left in the game. The final score was 24–7; it was the Yankees' first loss of the season and left the Browns as the only unbeaten and untied team in the AAFC. After the game, Yankees coach Ray Flaherty criticized his team for losing to a "Podunk team with a high school coach". The threat of bad weather kept attendance down, but the gross ticket receipts of $138,673 still marked the third-best take for a professional football game in history.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 5: vs. Brooklyn Dodgers
The Browns won their fifth game in a row against the Brooklyn Dodgers, 26–7. Halfback Don Greenwood scored two touchdowns, one in the first quarter and another in the second. Tommy Colella added a third touchdown in the final quarter on a four-yard rush. Groza added a field goal and made all of his extra points, bringing his season scoring total to 38 and his string of consecutive extra points without a miss to 17. Edgar "Special Delivery" Jones intercepted a pass thrown by Dodgers quarterback Glenn Dobbs, and Lou Saban intercepted two more. Both of Saban's interceptions led to Browns scores. The Browns' defense held the Dodgers to just 37 yards of rushing. Bob Steuber, a Browns halfback, suffered a rib injury in the game and was expected to be out for two weeks.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 6: vs. New York Yankees
The Browns won their second matchup against the Yankees 7–0 amid a heavy downpour. The weather kept attendance to 34,252, but raised Cleveland's season attendance total over 300,000 people including its preseason game at the Akron Rubber Bowl. The only score of the game came in the third quarter, when quarterback Otto Graham passed to Dante Lavelli for a 33-yard touchdown. Cleveland won despite being outplayed by the Yankees statistically. The Yankees had 10 first downs to the Browns' five, and had 237 yards of total offense to just 67 yards for the Browns.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 6: vs. New York Yankees
Cleveland was held to just 24 yards of rushing, and Marion Motley, the team's star fullback, rushed for minus eight yards in six attempts. The Yankees threatened to tie the game at the end of the fourth quarter, driving to the Cleveland 16-yard line. New York's pass attempts failed, however, giving the Browns the victory. It was Cleveland's sixth win in a row.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 7: vs. Los Angeles Dons
The Browns next beat the Los Angeles Dons 31–14 in Cleveland to extend their winning streak to seven games. The crowd of 71,134 people who attended the game on a sunny October day was a professional football record. Cleveland got off to a slow start, falling behind 7–3 at halftime. The Browns' only score in the first half came on a 49-yard Lou Groza field goal, then the fourth-longest kick in professional football history. A flurry of scoring at the end of the third quarter and in the fourth quarter, however, won Cleveland the game.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 7: vs. Los Angeles Dons
Otto Graham passed 36 yards to end Dante Lavelli and then ran in a touchdown with less than three minutes left in the third. It was the first of four touchdowns in 14 minutes of play. Fullback Marion Motley ran in two touchdowns in the fourth quarter, one of them a 68-yard run that tied an AAFC record for a rush from scrimmage. The Browns won despite a strong ground attack by the Dons, who gained 274 yards of rushing. The Dons had 21 first downs compared to Cleveland's 10. Groza made all of his extra point attempts, extending his streak to 22 in a row.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 8: vs. San Francisco 49ers
The Browns suffered their first defeat of the season at the hands of the San Francisco 49ers before a crowd of 70,385 in Cleveland. The 49ers led throughout the game, helped by three touchdown passes from left-handed quarterback Frankie Albert. Albert's main target was Alyn Beals, a former Santa Clara University star who caught two of his passes for touchdowns. Kicker Joe Vetrano added to the 49ers lead with a pair of field goals in the first half. Don Greenwood ran for a Browns touchdown in the second quarter, but the extra point was botched.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 8: vs. San Francisco 49ers
The snap was high and went into kicker Lou Groza's arms. He tried to run with the ball but suffered a back injury when he was tackled short of the end zone. Cliff Lewis was also injured in the second quarter, twisting his knee badly. He was taken to a hospital. The Browns ran only 24 offensive plays in the first half, and the 49ers were ahead by 14 points by halftime. Despite losing 34–20, the Browns matched the 49ers statistically, with 338 total yards to San Francisco's 357. Marion Motley, who had been the AAFC's leading rusher before the game, was held to 22 yards.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 9: vs. Los Angeles Dons
Cleveland next lost its second straight game, against the Los Angeles Dons in Los Angeles. The Dons opened the scoring on the first play from scrimmage after the Browns kicked off. Chuck Fenenbock ran the ball 75 yards for a touchdown. Cleveland came back to build a 16–7 lead at halftime, but Groza missed his first extra point in 24 tries after Bill Lund ran for a touchdown in the second quarter. The missed extra point proved to be the difference in the game.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 9: vs. Los Angeles Dons
Los Angeles went back on top in the fourth quarter with a Dale Gentry run for a touchdown and a field goal by Joe Aquirre with just 18 seconds left and won by one point, 17–16. A fumble by Browns halfback Ray Terrell at the Los Angeles 35-yard line in the fourth quarter gave the Dons the ball and led to Aquirre's game-winning field goal. Cleveland's running game stalled for the second game in a row; the team gained only 43 yards rushing. Bill Willis, the Browns' defensive star, sat out the entire game with a strep infection. Two other Browns players, Bob Steuber and Alex Kapter, suffered leg injuries and were helped off the field.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. San Francisco 49ers
The Browns won their rematch with San Francisco 14–7 two weeks after losing to the 49ers at home. Cleveland rebounded from two poor rushing games. Runs by halfback Bill Lund and fullback Marion Motley set up touchdowns in the first half. Lund had a series of successful carries that set up the first touchdown in the first quarter, a short pass to Dante Lavelli from Otto Graham. Motley's 64-yard run in the second quarter was followed by a three-yard touchdown run by Gaylon Smith. Lund, however, turned his ankle in the first quarter and did not return to the game.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. San Francisco 49ers
Motley also suffered a pulled leg muscle in the second quarter and played sparingly thereafter. The 49ers came back in the fourth quarter with strong rushing from fullback Norm Standlee and Earle Parsons. Frankie Albert scored the team's lone touchdown on a one-yard run. San Francisco threatened to tie the game, reaching the Cleveland 19-yard line with five minutes to play, but the Browns defense stood firm and stopped the advance. The win put the Browns two games ahead of the 49ers in the AAFC's western conference with four games to play.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 11: vs. Chicago Rockets
Cleveland beat the Rockets 51–14 at home before a crowd of 60,457, the fourth time during the season that attendance at Cleveland Stadium surpassed 60,000 people. The Browns led from start to finish, and Lavelli and Speedie had two touchdown receptions each. Graham's four touchdown passes helped the Browns reach an AAFC scoring record. Bud Schwenk made his first appearance in the fourth quarter of the game, substituting for Graham as the game turned into a blowout. He threw for a fifth touchdown, a 20-yard pass to Bill Lund.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 11: vs. Chicago Rockets
Edgar Jones added to Cleveland's scoring with a touchdown run in the first quarter, and center Frank Gatski scored the team's final touchdown in the fourth quarter after intercepting a pass and running it back 36 yards. It was the only touchdown of Gatski's 12-year career. Groza made a 51-yard field goal, the longest of the year in either the National Football League or AAFC, and kicked through six of the team's seven extra points. The seventh extra point was blocked, only the second time he missed a conversion in 33 tries. The Rockets managed two touchdowns, the first by Elroy Hirsch on an 81-yard drive in the second quarter and the second on a 76-yard punt return in the third quarter.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Buffalo Bisons
Cleveland clinched first place in the AAFC's western division and earned a spot in the championship game by beating the Bisons 42–17. The Browns fell behind 10–7 in the first quarter, but subsequently scored 35 unanswered points. Edgar Jones scored two touchdowns, while Motley ran 76 yards for another score. Al Akins and Bud Schwenk had their only touchdowns of the season, playing in the fourth quarter after the Browns amassed a large lead. Despite the Browns' large margin of victory, the game was evenly matched; Cleveland's scores came mostly on breakaway plays.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Buffalo Bisons
The Bisons had 19 first downs, nine more than the Browns, although the Browns out-gained the Bisons with 455 total yards. The game was marred by numerous penalties against both teams for unnecessary roughness, and the Bisons' kicker Lou Zontini and Browns halfback Ray Terrell were ejected after getting into a fight at midfield in the second quarter. A total of 37,054 people attended the game, the lowest figure for a Browns home game at that point in the season.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 13: vs. Miami Seahawks
Despite traveling without key players Marion Motley and Bill Willis because of Florida's segregation laws, Cleveland beat Miami in a shutout for the second time in the season, winning 34–0. Fueled by the ire the entire team felt because of leaving friends behind, Otto Graham opened the scoring with a 37-yard interception return for a touchdown and the Browns never looked back. Three other Browns players – Edgar Jones, Gaylon Smith and Gene Fekete – ran for touchdowns. Fekete's touchdown was the only one of his short professional career.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 13: vs. Miami Seahawks
Groza kicked two field goals, giving him 12 on the season and tying the all-time professional record set in 1926 by Paddy Driscoll. Cleveland led Miami in all phases of the game, amassing 159 yards rushing to Miami's eight and 233 yards of total offense. Miami gained a total of 46 yards rushing and passing. As the Browns prepared to face the Dodgers in the last game of the regular season, they looked ahead to a matchup in the AAFC championship in Cleveland on December 22 with the New York Yankees, the winners the eastern division.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. Brooklyn Dodgers
The last game of the Browns' regular season was a 66–14 win over the Dodgers. Nine different Cleveland players scored touchdowns in the game. The Browns' point total set an AAFC scoring record. Groza kicked a field goal to reach 13 for the season, exceeding Driscoll's all-time record. He also kicked four extra points, bringing his total for the season to 45 and beating the previous professional record of 42. Groza, however, injured his left ankle in the third quarter while making a tackle and had to be carried off the field.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. Brooklyn Dodgers
Substituting for Groza, Chet Adams kicked through five more extra points. Otto Graham played less than half of the game as Cleveland built a large lead, and Cliff Lewis and Bud Schwenk substituted for him in the second half. The Browns ended the game with several injured players at key positions. In addition to Groza, halfbacks Ray Terrell, Don Greenwood and Al Akins had to sit out because of injuries. The win gave Cleveland a 12–2 record as they prepared to face the Yankees in the championship game.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, AAFC championship
A week before the championship game, three Browns players were arrested after a confrontation with Cleveland police. Team captain Jim Daniell, end Mac Speedie, tackle Lou Rymkus and halfback Edgar Jones were drinking and waiting for Speedie's wife to arrive on a flight from Utah. They dropped Jones off and came up behind a police car that was blocking their way. Daniell, who was driving the car, honked the horn, and an argument ensued that ended with the arrest of all three men. Daniell was booked on public intoxication, and Speedie and Rymkus were charged with creating a disturbance. Paul Brown fired Daniell after the incident, saying he had "a special obligation to be exemplary in his behavior" because he was the team captain.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, AAFC championship
The first-ever AAFC championship took place on December 22, 1946, at Cleveland Stadium before a crowd of 41,181. Temperatures were in the 30s, which contributed to the low attendance numbers compared to other Browns home games, but the championship game drew more people than all but three NFL championship games up to that point. The Yankees were in close competition with the Browns as the AAFC's leading team, and finished the season by winning seven of their last eight games. The Browns and Yankees had different styles of play: while the Browns used a T formation offense, the Yankees had a single-wing formation. New York's roster included Spec Sanders, who led the AAFC with 709 yards of rushing and 12 touchdowns.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, AAFC championship
The championship game was largely a defensive battle with little scoring from either team. New York scored the game's first points in the first quarter on a 21-yard field goal by Harvey Johnson, but the Browns went into the lead in the second quarter when Marion Motley ran for a touchdown after a 70-yard drive. The Yankees retook the lead in the third quarter, marching 80 yards down the field for a Sanders touchdown.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, AAFC championship
Cleveland reached the New York 18-yard line at the end of the third, but the drive stalled and Lou Groza missed a short field goal, his third failed attempt of the game. Groza had suffered a sprained left ankle, and Chet Adams substituted for him. Adams, however, missed another field goal in the fourth quarter. The Browns took the lead again in the fourth quarter when Graham passed to Lavelli for a 16-yard touchdown. Groza came back in and kicked the extra point, giving Cleveland a 14–9 advantage with 4:31 to play in the game.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, AAFC championship
Sanders returned the ensuing kickoff 35 yards, and the Yankees started the drive at the Browns' 45-yard line. The Yankees appeared poised for a comeback, but Graham intercepted a pass on a third down and Cleveland was almost able to run out the clock. Time expired after a Tommy Colella punt and one short Yankees completion.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, AAFC championship
Graham had 213 yards of passing in the championship game. Lavelli registered 87 receiving yards, and Speedie had 71. Motley was the team's leading rusher, with 98 yards on 13 carries. Cleveland's defense was able to hold Sanders and New York quarterback Ace Parker in check. Parker had only 81 yards of passing, and Sanders ran for just 55 yards.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Season leaders
Graham had an average of 10.5 yards per passing attempt, the second-most in history at the time. He had a passer rating of 112.1, setting a single-season record not exceeded until Joe Montana eclipsed it in 1989. Motley finished the season with 601 yards rushing, the fourth most in the AAFC. Edgar Jones was the league's fifth-most-prolific rusher, gaining 539 yards. Greenwood had six rushing touchdowns, tying for the league lead. Lavelli tied for first place in receptions, with 40, and led the league in receiving yards, with 843. His eight receiving touchdowns gave him second place in the league.


1946 Cleveland Browns season, Season leaders
Speedie, meanwhile, led all receivers in yards per reception, with 23.5. On defense, Colella led the AAFC with 10 interceptions; as a team, the Browns were the league's interception leaders by a large margin, with 41. The Browns had 67 total defensive takeaways, a professional football record that still stands. Groza scored the most field goals and extra points and set a professional football record for a kicker by scoring 84 points. He was the first-ever kicker to make two field goals from beyond 50 yards in a season. A number of Browns players were named to sportswriters' All-Pro teams, including Motley, Speedie, Lavelli, Willis and Mike Scarry.


1946 Cleveland Indians season
In 1946, Bill Veeck finally became the owner of a major league team, the Cleveland Indians. He immediately put the team's games on radio, and set about to put his own indelible stamp on the franchise. Actor Bob Hope also acquired a minority share of the Indians.


1946 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season
During the season, Bob Feller became the last pitcher to win at least 25 games in one season for the Indians in the 20th century.


1946 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1946 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1946 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1946 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The 1946 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1946 college football season. In its 18th and final season under head coach Andrew Kerr, the team compiled a 4–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 154 to 95. Robert Orlando was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.


1946 Colgate Red Raiders football team
In Kerr's final game as Colgate's head coach, the team trailed 7–0 to Brown at halftime. Kerr gave a speech asking his team to score three touchdowns in the second half. The team complied and sent Kerr out as a winner.


1946 Colgate Red Raiders football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Red Raiders were selected.


1946 College Football All-America Team
The 1946 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1946.


1946 College Football All-America Team
The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1946 season are (1) the All-America Board (AAB), (2) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), published by Look magazine, (3) the Associated Press (AP), (4) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (5) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (6) the International News Service (INS), (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (8) the Sporting News (SN), and (9) the United Press (UP).


1946 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans
For the year 1946, the NCAA recognizes nine published All-American teams as "official" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.


1946 Colombian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 5 May 1946, pitching the Colombian Conservative Party against two different Colombian Liberal Party candidates. The Liberals received more votes combined, but due to their division the result was a victory for Mariano Ospina Pérez of the Conservative Party, who received 41.4% of the vote. One of the Liberal candidates, Gabriel Turbay, was also supported by the Social Democratic Party.


1946 Colombian presidential election
Two years after the election, the second Liberal Party candidate, Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala, was assassinated. This in turn sparked a ten-year civil war known as La Violencia.


1946 Colorado A&M Aggies football team
The 1946 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Mountain States Conference (MSC) during the 1946 college football season. The Aggies compiled a 2–7 record (1–5 against MSC opponents), finished sixth in the MSC, and were outscored by a total of 184 to 50.


1946 Colorado A&M Aggies football team
Julius Wagner, who was in his third season as the team's head coached, resigned after five games. He was replaced by Harry W. Hughes who had been head coach from 1911 to 1941 and served as interim head coach for the final four games of the 1946 season.


1946 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1946 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1946 college football season. Head coach James J. Yeager led the team to a 3–2–1 mark in the MSC and 5–4–1 overall.


1946 Colorado Buffaloes football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Buffaloes were selected.


1946 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 1946 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1946. Democratic nominee William Lee Knous defeated Republican nominee Leon Lavington with 52.11% of the vote.


1946 Columbia Lions football team
The 1946 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented the Columbia University during the 1946 college football season. In their 17th season under head coach Lou Little, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 222 to 176.


1946 Combined English Universities by-election
The 1946 Combined English Universities by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 18 March 1946 for the British House of Commons constituency of Combined English Universities.


1946 Combined English Universities by-election
There was no Labour Party candidate, which did not occur again in a Great Britain by-election in the UK until the 2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election. It was the penultimate election in a university constituency to the British Parliament and the final one to occur in England, with all university constituencies abolished in 1950.


1946 Combined English Universities by-election
The winning candidate vote share of 30 per cent holds the record for being the lowest in a UK by-election.


1946 Combined English Universities by-election, Previous MP
The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Independent Member of Parliament (MP), Eleanor Rathbone, died. She had been the constituency's MP since the 1929 general election.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election
The Combined Scottish Universities by-election, 1946 was a by-election held from 22 to 27 November 1946 for the Combined Scottish Universities, a university constituency of the British House of Commons.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election
It was the last election for a university constituency of the UK Parliament; the Combined Scottish Universities was abolished along with the other university seats for the 1950 general election.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Vacancy
The seat had become vacant on 16 October 1946 when the independent Member of Parliament (MP) Sir John Boyd Orr had resigned by the procedural device of accepting the post of Steward and Bailiff of the Chiltern Hundreds, a notional 'office of profit under the crown' which is used as a procedural device to enable MPs to resign from the Commons. After his resignation, Boyd took up the position of Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. He had held the seat he was first elected at a by-election in 1945.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Candidates
Five candidates contested the by-election, none of whom had stood in 1945.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Candidates
The Unionist candidate was Walter Elliot, who had been MP for Glasgow Kelvingrove for more than 20 years, until his narrow defeat at the 1945 general election. He had been Secretary of State for Scotland from 1936 to 1938.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Candidates
The Labour Party candidate was the philosopher and broadcaster C. E. M. Joad. The Liberal Party fielded J. M. Bannerman, who had contested Argyll in 1945, and the National Liberals nominated Dr R. S. Stevenson, who had stood in West Fife in 1945.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Candidates
The fifth candidate was J. G. Jameson, a member of the Federal Union who stood as an advocate of the policies of the Federal Union, although the union did not endorse his candidacy.


1946 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Result
The result was a clear victory for the Unionist candidate, Walter Elliot, who won over 68% of the votes, and a majority of more than 50% over the second-placed Labour candidate. Elliot held the seat until the university constituencies were abolished for the 1950 general election.


1946 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
The 1946 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the second Meeting of the Heads of Government of the British Commonwealth. It was held in the United Kingdom in from April to May 1946, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Clement Attlee.


1946 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
Discussions were primarily related to political and economic settlements arising from the end of World War II. The final communiqué expressed the Commonwealth's support for the creation of the United Nations as an instrument for peace and security as well as for raising the standard of living and the promotion of democratic liberty throughout the world.


1946 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
This was the final Prime Ministers' Conference consisting only of the "Old Commonwealth" of white nations and white-led South Africa.


1946 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
Ireland did not participate although at the time the British Commonwealth still regarded Ireland as one of its members. Neutral Ireland considered it inappropriate to attend on the basis that the Conference was "discussing matters relating to the war". Ireland had not participated in any equivalent conferences since 1932.


1946 Connecticut Huskies football team
The 1946 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1946 college football season. The Huskies were led by 12th-year head coach J. Orlean Christian, and completed the season with a record of 4–3–1.


1946 Connecticut Huskies football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Huskies were selected.


1946 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1946 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1946. Republican nominee James L. McConaughy defeated Democratic nominee Charles Wilbert Snow with 54.38% of the vote.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections
Elections were held in Cook County, Illinois, on November 5, 1946. Republicans took control of most county offices and occupied both seats of the Board of Appeals, although Democrats retained their majority in the Board of Commissioners. The Republican landslide reflected similar trends in state and federal elections at the time but was nevertheless unexpected. It resulted in the resignation of Democratic leader Edward Joseph Kelly and ultimately the end of his tenure as Mayor of Chicago. Republicans failed to capitalize on this victory in the following year's Chicago mayoral election, which was won by Democrat Martin Kennelly.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections
Democrat Richard J. Daley was defeated for the position of Sheriff by Republican candidate Elmer Michael Walsh. This would be the only loss of his career; he later became the Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party Central Committee and served as Mayor of Chicago from 1955 to 1976, while Walsh would die in obscurity.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Election information
1946 was a midterm election year in the United States. The primaries and general elections for Cook County races coincided with those for House and those for state elections.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Background
Patrick Nash, who had constructed a powerful political machine with Anton Cermak and served as Democratic party chairman since 1931, died in 1943. Edward Joseph Kelly, who had been Mayor of Chicago since Cermak's inadvertent assassination in 1933, assumed the chair. Kelly was an inadequate leader of both the party and municipal government, and received criticism for poor delivery of city services and allowing political appointments in the public school administration. Nevertheless, Democrats had been largely unopposed in the 1944 elections.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Background
Offices that were contested included the Treasurer, Assessor, Sheriff, County Clerk, County Superintendent of Public Schools, County Judge, Judge and Clerk of the Probate Court, and the Clerk of the Criminal Court, as well as the President of the Board of Commissioners, both members of the Board of Appeals, and the other members of the Board of Commissioners. Excluding the President, 15 people were elected to the Board of Commissioners; ten representatives from the city of Chicago and five from the rest of the county.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Primary elections
Primary elections were held on April 9. The primaries of both parties were generally considered uncompetitive. These were the first primaries in Illinois after World War II; both parties sought to include veterans on their tickets. Leaders of both parties exhorted supporters to attend the primaries.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Primary elections, Democratic primaries
Richard J. Daley, Cook County Comptroller and a state senator who dealt with legislation related to Chicago on Kelly's behalf, ran for the Democratic nomination for Sheriff. This came as a surprise to some given Daley's reputation for integrity and the notoriety of the Sheriff's office for improper collections of money from motorists and suburban adult establishments. The position was term-limited to one term, and most officeholders used the opportunity to collect money. Daley had never previously run for office outside of his Senate district, and appealed to Kelly for his relative obscurity and lack of previous scandals, something which was uncommon among Democrats of the time.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Primary elections, Republican primaries
Evanston Township had an unexpected three-way contest for Republican party committeeman, with incumbent Alan E. Ashcraft Jr. being challenged by Evanston alderman Robert E. James and Benjamin F. E. Ricker. Ashcraft survived the challenge and was named Vice President of the Republican Country Towns Organization of Cook County in May.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, General election
The general election was held on November 5. Harriet M. Robinson, the president of the Honest Ballot Committee, called for the Federal Bureau of Investigation to investigate the election on October 20, accusing the Board of Election commissioners of delaying the release of precinct voter registers.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, General election
The results were a landslide for the GOP. Only three Democrats—Edmund K. Jarecki for County Court Judge, Michael J. Flynn for County clerk, and John S. Clark for Assessor—retained countywide office. The results mirrored similar pro-Republican trends at the state and federal level but were unexpected by either party.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, General election, Sheriff
Daley was the favorite to win the position of Sheriff. "We were delighted that Dad was a candidate. Daley seemed almost impossible to beat, but it was an honor just to be named to run against him," recalled Walsh's son Elmer Jr. However, Daley suffered from the general tide against the Democrats while Walsh benefited from being a veteran of World War II.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, General election, Courts
Jarecki, who had been the County Judge since 1922, had such a narrow margin of victory that it was possible that he might have lost as of November 8, and ultimately had a margin of victory of only 8,873 votes in what was the closest election.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, General election, Courts
Republican candidate William Waugh won the Probate Court Judgeship, defeating the Democratic opponent John F. O'Connell.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Aftermath and legacy
The elections proved to be Kelly's downfall. Jacob Arvey, a Democratic west side boss who had returned from the war, convinced him to resign as chairman. In the following year's Chicago mayoral election Kelly was replaced by Martin Kennelly as the Democratic candidate.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Aftermath and legacy
The shrieval race would be Daley's only electoral defeat. Daley became the Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party Central Committee in 1953 and the Mayor of Chicago in 1955, serving both positions until his death in 1976. Walsh served as Sheriff until 1950 but faded from relevance, dying in 1962.


1946 Cook County, Illinois elections, Aftermath and legacy
The Probate Court, Criminal Court, and County Court were abolished in 1964 upon the formation of the Circuit Court of Cook County to unify the courts of Cook County into a single jurisdiction. Countywide voting for the Board of Commissioners ended in 1994 when districts were established to elect each commissioner. The Board of Appeals was replaced by a three-member Board of Review in 1998.


1946 Copa Escobar-Gerona
The 1946 Copa Escobar-Gerona, also named Copa de Confraternidad Rioplatense, was the 4th. (and last) edition of this cup competition organised jointly by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations.


1946 Copa Escobar-Gerona
Boca Juniors (Primera División Argentina runner-up) faced Peñarol (Primera División Uruguay runner-up) in a two-legged series at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo and San Lorenzo Stadium in Buenos Aires. Boca Juniors won both matches, 3–2 in Montevideo and 6–3 in Buenos Aires, therefore the Argentine club crowned bi-champion and was awarded the Escobar-Gerona trophy.


1946 Copa Escobar-Gerona
Boca Juniors forward Pío Corcuera was the topscorer of the series, with 4 goals.


1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final
The 1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final was the final that decided the winner of the 3rd. edition of this Argentine domestic cup. It was played on December 14, 1946. Boca Juniors defeated San Lorenzo de Almagro 3–1 at Estadio Monumental, neutral venue for the match.


1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final, Overview
The cup was contested by the same clubs participating in 1946 Argentine Primera División, playing a round of 16 in a neutral venue. Boca Juniors beat Vélez at Independiente Stadium, qualifying to the quarterfinals. After beating and eliminating Rosario Central (4–1) and River Plate (2–0), Boca reached the final of the competition, held at River Plate Stadium.


1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final, Overview
With goals by Gregorio Pin (2) and José Antonio Vázquez, Boca beat San Lorenzo taking revenge from the two previous editions when it had been defeated by Huracán and Racing respectively. Boca Juniors also won the tournament unbeaten.


1946 Copa del Generalísimo
The 1946 Copa del Generalísimo was the 44th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1946 Copa del Generalísimo
The competition began on 7 April 1946 and concluded on 9 June 1946 with the final.


1946 Copa del Generalísimo Final
The 1946 Copa del Generalísimo Final was the 44th final of the Copa del Rey. The final was played at the Montjuïc, Barcelona, on 9 June 1946, being won by Real Madrid CF, who beat Valencia CF 3-1.


1946 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1946 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 37th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.


1946 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Charleville won the championship following an 8-06 to 4-06 defeat of Cloughduv in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1914.


1946 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1946 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 58th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1946 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 24 November 1946, Clonakilty won the championship following a 1-02 to 0-03 defeat of Fermoy in the final. This was their fifth championship title overall and their first title since 1944.


1946 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1946 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 58th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 7 April 1946 and ended on 16 November 1946.


1946 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 16 November 1946, St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 2-3 to 2-1 defeat of Glen Rovers in the final. This was their 13th championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.


1946 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1946 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1946 college football season. In its second season under head coach Edward McKeever, the team compiled a 5–4 record and outscored its opponents 135 to 115. Joe Martin was the team captain.


1946 Cornell Big Red football team
Cornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.


1946 Cornell Big Red football team, After the season
The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Big Red was selected.