1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 12: Lions 28, Dodgers 0
In their final regular-season game, the Detroit Lions defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers 28–0 in front of 12,000 spectators in Detroit. The Lions scored on a field goal by Glenn Presnell, a touchdown reception by Presnell, two safeties, and touchdowns by Dutch Clark and Ace Gutowsky. They scored 16 points in the fourth quarter. The win gave the Lions the undisputed NFL Western Division title.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game
The 1935 NFL Championship Game was held on December 15, 1935, at University of Detroit Stadium (some sources call it Titan Stadium) in Detroit. The game was played in a snowstorm in front of 12,000 spectators. It was the 3rd annual title game for the NFL. The champion of the Western Division was the Detroit Lions (7–3–2) and the champion of the Eastern Division was the New York Giants (9–3).


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game
On the opening drive of the game, the Lions Glenn Presnell threw a 36-yard pass to Frank Christensen, and Ace Gutowsky threw another long pass to Ed Klewicki at the Giants' 8-yard line. Gutowsky then ran the ball into the end zone to give the Lions a 7–0 lead. The Lions scored again after Christensen intercepted a pass thrown by New York's Ed Danowski and ran it back to midfield. Three plays later, Dutch Clark ran 40 yards for a touchdown.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game
In the fourth quarter, the Lions blocked a punt, and George Christensen recovered the ball on the Giants' 22-yard line. Ernie Caddel ran the ball in from the one-yard line for the Lions' third touchdown. The Lions added to their lead late in the game after Parker intercepted a pass from New York quarterback (and former University of Michigan star) Harry Newman on the Giants' 45-yard line and returned it to the nine-yard line. Buddy Parker ran for the touchdown as the Lions won the championship by a final score of 26–7.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, All-Star Game: Lions 33, NFL All-Stars 0
After the NFL Championship Game, the Lions played a game against an NFL All-Star team on January 1, 1936. The game was attended by 11,000 spectators and marked the first NFL game to be played in Denver, Colorado. The Lions scored five touchdowns, including three in the third period, for a 33–0 victory.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Detroit: "City of Champions"
When the Lions won the 1935 NFL Championship Game, the City of Detroit was mired in the Great Depression, which had hit Detroit and its industries particularly hard. But with the success of the Lions and other Detroit athletes in 1935, Detroit's luck appeared to be changing, as the City was dubbed the "City of Champions." The Detroit Tigers also won the 1935 World Series, and the Detroit Red Wings won the 1935–36 Stanley Cup championship.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Detroit: "City of Champions"
Detroit's "champions" included Detroit's "Brown Bomber," Joe Louis, the heavyweight boxing champion; native Detroiter Gar Wood who was the champion of unlimited powerboat racing and the first man to go 100 miles per hour on water; Eddie "the Midnight Express" Tolan, a black Detroiter who won gold medals in the 100- and 200-meter races at the 1932 Summer Olympics.


1935 Detroit Tigers season
The 1935 Detroit Tigers won the 1935 World Series, defeating the Chicago Cubs 4 games to 2. The season was their 35th since they entered the American League in 1901. It was the first World Series championship for the Tigers.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players
As the 1934 Detroit Tigers won a club-record 101 games, the team made few changes in the off-season to alter their winning combination.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Catcher/Manager: Mickey Cochrane
Hall of Famer Mickey Cochrane returned as the team's manager and catcher. Known as "Black Mike", Cochrane is considered one of the greatest catchers of all time. In 1935, he hit .319 (9th in the AL) with a .452 on-base percentage (3rd in the AL), 96 walks (4th in the AL), 93 runs scored, and 33 doubles. Aside from his contributions as a player, Cochrane was invaluable as a manager and leader. Charlie Gehringer later said: "When Mickey was managing the Tigers from behind the plate I can't remember him ever fouling up anything. Seemed like he made snap judgments that always worked out well, especially in '34 and '35."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
The Detroit infield of the 1934–1935 seasons was one of the best-hitting combinations in MLB history. With Hank Greenberg at first, Charlie Gehringer at second, Billy Rogell at shortstop, and Marv Owen at third, the 1934 Tigers infield collected 462 RBIs (139 by Greenberg, 127 by Gehringer, 100 by Rogell, and 96 by Owen) and 179 doubles (63 by Greenberg, 50 by Gehringer, 34 by Owen and 32 by Rogell).


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
"Hammerin' Hank" Greenberg led the major leagues with 170 RBIs in 1935—the eighth highest single season total in major league history. The second highest RBI total in the AL that year was Lou Gehrig's 119—51 fewer than Hank. Greenberg also led the major leagues in 1935 with 36 home runs, 98 extra base hits, 389 total bases, and 159 runs created. He also hit for average, with a .328 batting average (7th in the AL), .411 on-base percentage (6th in the AL), and .628 slugging percentage (2nd in the AL). Greenberg was named the American League's Most Valuable Player for 1935.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
Charlie Gehringer also had a terrific season, hitting .330 for the year (5th best in the AL). He was also among the league leaders with 123 runs (2nd in the AL), 201 hits (5th in the AL), 125 runs created (5th in the AL), 306 total bases (6th in the AL), 19 home runs (8th in the AL), and 108 RBIs (9th in the AL). Gehringer also led AL second basemen with 489 assists and a .985 fielding percentage. Gehringer finished 6th in the AL MVP voting in 1935. Known for his consistency as a hitter and fielder, Gehringer was given the nickname "The Mechanical Man" by Yankee pitcher Lefty Gomez. Mickey Cochrane joked that "Charlie says `hello' on Opening Day, `goodbye' on closing day, and in between hits .350."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
Shortstop Billy Rogell hit .275 and scored  88 runs in 1935 while drawing 80 walks. Rogell also led AL shortstops with 104 double plays and a .971 fielding percentage. Rogell and Gehringer played over 1,000 games together as the Tigers' double play combination. Rogell's fiery demeanor was a stark contrast to the calm, quiet demeanor of Gehringer. Once, after both failed to cover second on a steal attempt, Mickey Cochrane charged out from behind the plate shouting at Rogell and Gehringer.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
As reported in The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract: "Rogell, astonished, looked at Gehringer to see if he was going to say anything. Gehringer, of course, had nothing to say. ' Goddamn you,' yelled Rogell. ' Don't you come charging out here telling me how to play shortstop. You go back there and do the catching, and I'll play shortstop. If I'm not good enough, you can find someone else.' Cochrane went back to his own position."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
Marv Owen was the one Tiger starter whose performance dropped off significantly from 1934 to 1935. In 1934, Owen had batted .317 with 96 RBIs and finished 9th in the AL MVP voting. In 1935, his average dropped 54 points to .263, and his RBI production fell to 71. Owen is remembered for a famous incident in Game 7 of the 1934 World Series. Joe Medwick tripled in the 6th inning with the Cardinals ahead by 7 runs. He slid hard into Owen at third, knocking him down.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
The two fought, and Detroit fans pelted Medwick with fruit and garbage when he returned to left field. As the fan reaction escalated, Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis ordered Medwick removed from the game. Owen batted just .069 (2–29) in the 1934 World Series and .050 (1–20) in the 1935 World Series. He set a post-season record for the most consecutive plate appearances between hits with 31.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Infield: Greenberg, Gehringer, Rogell, and Owen
Rounding out the infield was utility infielder Flea Clifton. Clifton played in 43 games during the 1935 regular season, with a .255 batting average. However, when Hank Greenberg broke his wrist in Game 2 of the 1935 World Series, Marv Owen moved to first base, and Clifton stepped in as the starting third baseman. Clifton was 0-for-16 with 4 strikeouts in the Series. Clifton had been teammates with Hank Greenberg in the minor leagues, and the two became friends. In his autobiography, Greenberg joked about Clifton's unusual diet: "On the road, he used to eat nothing but doughnuts and bananas. He said they were cheap and filling and stretched his meal money. Flea was the only ballplayer who could show a profit on $1-a-day meal money."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Outfield: Goslin, Fox, White and Walker
In the outfield, Hall of Famer Goose Goslin played in left field. Pete Fox played in right field. The speedy Jo-Jo White and Gee Walker shared responsibility for center field, with White playing in 98 games.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Outfield: Goslin, Fox, White and Walker
Pete Fox led the way among the outfielders, batting .321 with 116 runs scored, 38 doubles, and 15 home runs. Fox also had a 29-game hitting streak in June and July. During the hitting streak, Fox drove in 10 runs in a double-header against the St. Louis Browns. During the six-game 1935 World Series, Fox also led the team in hits (10), RBIs (4), and batting average (.385).


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Outfield: Goslin, Fox, White and Walker
Goose Goslin had a good year with 109 RBIs, 172 hits, and 34 doubles. After leading the Washington Senators to American League pennants in 1924, 1925, and 1933, owner Clark Griffith traded Goslin to Detroit before the 1934 season. Griffith told Goose he simply couldn't afford to pay his salary. With stars Goslin, Gehringer and Greenberg, the 1934 and 1934 Tigers became known as the "G-Men." Goslin was the hero of the 1935 World Series, as he drove in the winning run in Games 6. With the game tied 3–3, Goslin came to bat in the bottom of the 9th inning with two outs and Mickey Cochrane on 2nd base. Goslin hit a walk-off single to right, scoring Cochrane, as the Tigers won the Series.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Outfield: Goslin, Fox, White and Walker
Center fielder Jo-Jo White led the team with 19 stolen bases and also contributed 12 triples. White's real first name was Joyner, but he was called "Jo-Jo" because of the way he pronounced his native state of Georgia. Hank Greenberg, who was raised in the Bronx was roommates with White, and according to Greenberg the two of them "used to fight the Civil War every night." Greenberg recalled a game in which White stole home with Greenberg at bat: "He deprived me of a good chance at an RBI, and he did it deliberately because he knew it would burn me up."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Outfield: Goslin, Fox, White and Walker
The Tigers fourth outfielder, Gee Walker played 45 games in center field but also covered 29 games in left and 11 games in right. Known as "The Madman from Mississippi", Walker was a fiery competitor and a clown. He hit over .300 for the 1935 Tigers, but his reputation for being inattentive and overzealous on the basepaths drew the ire of manager Mickey Cochrane. During the 1934 World Series, he was picked off first while arguing with the Cardinals' bench. On another occasion, he tried to steal a base while the batter was being given an intentional walk.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Pitching: Bridges, Rowe, Auker and Crowder
The pitching staff was led by starters Tommy Bridges, Schoolboy Rowe, Alvin Crowder, and Elden Auker.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Pitching: Bridges, Rowe, Auker and Crowder
Tommy Bridges was the only 20-game winner with a record of 21–10. In 34 starts, Bridges threw 23 complete games. He led the American League with 163 strikeouts, and his 3.51 ERA was 6th best in the league. He finished the season 11th in the American League MVP voting. In a nationwide poll, Bridges was named the No. 2 sports hero of 1935, behind Notre Dame football player Andy Pilney.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Pitching: Bridges, Rowe, Auker and Crowder
Elden Auker, a 24-year-old underhand pitcher out of Kansas A&M, also had a big year for the 1935 Tigers. Auker led the American League in win percentage (.720) with a record of 18–7. During the 1935 World Series, Auker was interviewed by a young Cubs broadcaster, Ronald Reagan. When they met after Reagan had been elected Governor of California, Reagan told him, "You probably won't remember me, but I'll remember you as long as I live." The 1935 radio interview, Reagan said, "was my first big break."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Pitching: Bridges, Rowe, Auker and Crowder
After making a big splash in 1934 with an American League record 16 consecutive wins, Schoolboy Rowe had another big year in 1935. Schoolboy had become a fan favorite not only for his pitching performance in 1934 but for his nationally publicized romance. While appearing on the Eddie Cantor radio show, Rowe famously asked his fiancée, "How'm I doing, Edna honey?" The line endeared Schoolboy to the nation, and also resulted in relentless teasing from opposing players and fans. Schoolboy and Edna married after the 1934 season and had their first child during the 1935 season.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Pitching: Bridges, Rowe, Auker and Crowder
Schoolboy led the league in 1935 with six shutouts and finished the season with a 19–13 record in 34 starts. Despite a 2.51 ERA in the 1935 World Series, Rowe had a 1–2 record. He was the losing pitcher in Game 1, despite striking out 8 batters, pitching a complete game and allowing only 2 earned runs. In Game 3, Rowe got the win, pitching 4 innings in relief. But Game 5 was another tough loss, as Schoolboy threw a complete game and allowed 2 earned runs, but the Tigers scored only once.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Pitching: Bridges, Rowe, Auker and Crowder
The Tigers' #4 starter was 36-year-old Alvin Crowder, who served in the U.S. Army during its occupation of Siberia after World War I.  Crowder, known as "General", was 16–10 in his 32 starts. The General pitched a complete game in Game 4 of the 1935 World Series for a 2–1 victory. Crowder pitched in three World Series consecutively (1933–1935), posting a record of 1–2 with 3.81 ERA in 26 innings pitched.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, The players, Pitching: Bridges, Rowe, Auker and Crowder
The Tigers' main reliever in 1935 was Elon Hogsett, who appeared in 40 games, finishing 30, with an ERA of 3.54. When "Chief" Hogsett would take the mound at Navin Field, Detroit fans greeted him with "war whoops." Hogsett later reported that, while he was "one-thirty-second Cherokee on my mother's side", he got the nickname in the minor leagues when he "roomed with a full-blooded Kiowa Indian and the nickname just kind of stuck."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season
Detroit's final regular season record was 93–58, placing them three games ahead of the second place New York Yankees. For the season, the 1935 Tigers outscored their opponents 919 to 665.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Season summary
After losing the 1934 World Series in a close seven-game series with the Gashouse Gang from St. Louis, the Detroit Tigers were determined to win the first baseball championship for the City of Detroit since the Detroit Wolverines won the National League pennant in 1887.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Season summary
The season started out poorly. Schoolboy Rowe lost on Opening Day, and the Tigers were 2–9 after two weeks of play. At the end of April, the Tigers were in last place. By the end of May, the Tigers had started to turn things around but still had a mediocre 20–18 record.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Season summary
On June 25, 1935, the Yankees were in first place, and the Tigers were still playing unexceptionally with a record of 33–28. However, the Tigers got red hot after that, going 35–10 between June 26 and August 15, 1935. During that period, they put together win streaks of 10 games (June 30 to July 7) and 9 games (July 31 to August 11). On July 26, 1935, the Tigers passed the Yankees and moved into first place.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Season summary
The team remained hot through Labor Day, having a record of 85–44 on September 7, 1935. But the Tigers' bats went cold for the last three weeks of the season, as the team went 8–14 to end the season. Despite having a ten-game lead over the Yankees on September 8, 1935, the Tigers let the Yankees back into the race, eventually winning by three games.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season, Season summary
On September 21, 1935, the Tigers clinched the American League pennant by winning both games of a double-header against the St. Louis Browns. Tommy Bridges won the opener, 6–2, and Elden Auker pitched a complete game shutout to win the second game, 2–0. After clinching the pennant, the Tigers finished the season by losing 6 of their last 7 games.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
The 1935 World Series featured the Detroit Tigers and the Chicago Cubs, with the Tigers winning in six games for their first championship in five World Series appearances. They had lost in 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1934.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
The Cubs had the better regular season record and had a 21-game win streak during the pennant stretch. The Tigers, on the other hand, went 8–14 in their last 22 games. Based on momentum, it appeared the Cubs would roll past the Tigers.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
The Cubs won Game 1, 3–0, on 4-hit shutout by pitcher Lon Warneke. Schoolboy Rowe took the loss.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
The Tigers evened the Series in Game 2, with an 8–3 win, but the Tigers lost Hank Greenberg who fractured his left wrist when colliding with Cubs catcher Gabby Hartnett. Greenberg had tried to score from first on a single. He finished the game, but he developed severe pain on the train ride to Chicago that night, and x-rays revealed fractures of two bones in his wrist. Greenberg was sidelined for the rest of the Series, and Mickey Cochrane was left to decide who could replace Greenberg.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
Initially, Cochrane decided to play first base himself and have backup catcher Ray Hayworth take over at catcher. But Tigers owner Frank Navin ordered Cochrane to move third baseman Marv Owen to first base and play utility infielder Flea Clifton at third base. Cochrane disagreed, as Clifton was the weakest hitter on the team, and Owen was in a slump. Navin insisted, and Owen went one for twenty in the Series, while Flea went 0-for-16 in the Series.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
In Game 3, the Cubs tied the game in the bottom of the 9th, but the Tigers won it with an unearned run in the 11th inning. In the 3rd inning, umpire George Moriarty (who had played for the Tigers from 1909 to 1915) called Phil Cavarretta out in a close play at second base. When the Cubs protested, Moriarty verbally abused the Cubs, and ejected Cubs' manager Charlie Grimm and player Bill Jurges. After the game, Grimm said: "If a manager can't go out and make a decent kick, what the hell is the game coming to? I didn't swear at him but he swore at us." Coach Roy Johnson accused Moriarty of making improper reflections on the Cubs' ancestry. Judge Landis later levied $200 fines on Moriarty‚ Grimm‚ and Jurges for their conduct in the World Series.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
In Game 4, Alvin Crowder pitched a 2–1 complete game victory. The Tigers won on an unearned run in the 6th inning.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
In Game 5, Cubs' pitcher Lon Warneke kept the Cubs alive with 6 innings of shutout ball for his 2nd win. The Cubs won 3–1 on a 2-run home run by Chuck Klein off losing pitcher Schoolboy Rowe.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
In Game 6, Tommy Bridges pitched a complete game victory to win the Series for Detroit. With the score tied 3–3 in the top of the 9th inning, Bridges gave up a leadoff triple to Stan Hack, but retired the next three batters without the runner on third scoring. In the bottom of the 9th, Goose Goslin drove in the winning run with 2 outs. After the game, manager Mickey Cochrane said the following of Bridges' gutsy performance: "A hundred and fifty pounds of courage. If there ever is a payoff on courage this little 150- pound pitcher is the greatest World Series hero."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
Delirious Detroit fans rushed onto Navin Field in celebration after Goslin's game-winning hit. The celebration spilled out onto Michigan Avenue and Trumbull. People from throughout Detroit flooded the central city in a celebration that newspapers reported went on until three in the morning. For a few hours, the worries of the Great Depression were gone and the only thing that mattered was the Tigers.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series
Detroit owner Frank Navin, then 64 years old, had been running the organization for 30 years and had seen four of his teams win American League pennants, only to lose four World Series. On November 13, 1935, five weeks after the Tigers finally won the World Series, Navin suffered a heart attack while riding a horse and died.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series, Detroit: "City of Champions"
When the Tigers won the 1935 World Series, the City of Detroit was mired in the Great Depression, which had hit Detroit and its industries particularly hard. But with the success of the Tigers and other Detroit athletes in 1935, Detroit's luck appeared to be changing, as the city was dubbed the "City of Champions."


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series, Detroit: "City of Champions"
Detroit's "champions" included Detroit's "Brown Bomber", Joe Louis, the heavyweight boxing champion; native Detroiter Gar Wood who was the champion of unlimited powerboat racing and the first man to go 100 miles per hour on water; Eddie "the Midnight Express" Tolan, a black Detroiter who won gold medals in the 100- and 200-meter races at the 1932 Summer Olympics. The Detroit Lions also won the 1935 NFL Championship Game, and the Detroit Red Wings won the 1935–36 Stanley Cup championship, but the biggest celebration came when the Tigers won the World Series, as the "City of Champions" moniker took hold.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series, Detroit: "City of Champions"
Baseball was hugely popular in Detroit during the Great Depression, as attendance at Navin Field in 1934 and 1935, accounted for nearly 25 percent of baseball's total paid attendance.


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series, Postseason player stats, Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In


1935 Detroit Tigers season, 1935 World Series, Postseason player stats, Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Detroit Tigers season, Awards and honors, Players ranking among top 100 all time at position
The following members of the 1934 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 of all time at their position, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:


1935 Detroit Titans football team
The 1935 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1935 college football season. Detroit outscored its opponents by a combined total of 187 to 61 and finished with a 6–3 record in its 11th year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, Gus Dorais.


1935 Digor earthquake
The 1935 Digor earthquake occurred on 1 May at Digor, Kars in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It had a moment magnitude of 6.1 and caused 540 fatalities.


1935 Donington Grand Prix
The 1935 Donington Grand Prix was a non-championship Grand Prix that was held on 2 October 1935 at Donington Park in North West Leicestershire, England. It was the 39th race of the 1935 Grand Prix season. The race, which was 120 laps, was won by Richard Shuttleworth driving a Alfa Romeo Tipo-B "P3" after starting from 7th place.


1935 Donington Grand Prix
It was the first major international Grand Prix to take place on a road course in Great Britain.


1935 Donington Grand Prix, Qualifying
The grid consisted of five rows of three, with cars supposed to be lined up with fastest in the middle, second fastest on left and third fastest on the right. It is unclear why Handley started from row 4, why Martin and Rose had swapped positions, or why Dobbs and Everitt started from the back row.


1935 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 1935 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1935 college football season. In its third season under head coach Vee Green, the team compiled a 3–6–1 record (2–2 against MVC opponents), tied for fourth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 204 to 141.


1935 Drexel Dragons football team
1935 Drexel Dragons football team was head coached by Walter Halas.


1935 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1935 Duke Blue Devils football team was an American football team that represented Duke University as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1935 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Wallace Wade, the team compiled an 8–2 record (5–0 against conference opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 214 to 45. James Johnston was the team captain. The team played its home games at Duke Stadium in Durham, North Carolina.


1935 Dumfriesshire by-election
The Dumfriesshire by-election, 1935 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Dumfriesshire in Scotland on 12 September 1935. The by-election was won by the National Liberal Party candidate Sir Henry Fildes.


1935 Dumfriesshire by-election
It was the last by-election of the 1931–1935 Parliament. Only six weeks later, on 25 October, Parliament was dissolved for the 1935 general election.


1935 Dumfriesshire by-election, Vacancy
The National Liberal MP Dr Joseph Hunter had died on 24 July 1935, aged 59. He had held the seat since the 1929 general election.


1935 Dumfriesshire by-election, Candidates
The parties in the National Government did not usually contest by-elections in seats held by other governing parties, so the National Liberal Party candidate Sir Henry Fildes did not face a Conservative opponent.


1935 Dumfriesshire by-election, Result
On a reduced turnout, Fildes held the seat for the National Liberals, with a reduced but still large majority, taking over 60% of the votes. He was re-elected at the general election in November 1935, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1945 general election.


1935 Dunedin mayoral election
The 1935 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1935, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1935 Dunedin mayoral election
Edwin Cox, the incumbent Mayor, sought re-election and was successful in attaining a second-term. The Labour Party was also successful in securing a majority on the council for the first time.


1935 Duquesne Dukes football team
The 1935 Duquesne Dukes football team was an American football team that represented Duquesne University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Christie Flanagan, Duquesne compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 99 to 63. The team played its home games at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.


1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad election
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1935.


1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad election, Electoral system
The Volksraad had a total of 60 members, 38 of which were elected and 22 appointed. Seats were also assigned to ethnic groups, with 25 for the Dutch population (15 elected, 10 appointed), 30 for the native population (20 elected, 10 appointed) and five for the foreign Orientals (Chinese and Arab Indonesian) (3 elected, 2 appointed).


1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad election, Candidates and parties
The candidates and parties could be divided into left, right and centrist groups:


1935 East Carolina Pirates football team
The 1935 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina Teachers College (now known as East Carolina University) as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In their second season under head coach Doc Mathis, the team compiled a 3–3 record.


1935 East Tennessee State Teachers Buccaneers football team
The 1935 East Tennessee State Teachers Buccaneers football team was an American football team that represented State Teachers College, Johnson City—now known as East Tennessee State University (ETSU)—as a member of the Smoky Mountain Conference in the 1935 college football season. They were led by fourth-year head coach Gene McMurray. The 1935 team marks the first time the football team was called the Buccaneers, which McMurray is credited with coining.


1935 Eastbourne by-election
The Eastbourne by-election, 1935 was a by-election held on 29 March 1935 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eastbourne in East Sussex.


1935 Eastbourne by-election
The by-election was caused by the death of the town's Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) John Slater, who had been elected only three years previously, in a 1932 by-election following the death of Edward Marjoribanks.


1935 Eastern Suburbs season
Eastern Suburbs (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in the 28th New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) premiership in 1935.


1935 Eastern Suburbs season, Details
line-up for the 1935 season contained:- Arthur 'Pony' Halloway (Coach); Jack Beaton, Dave Brown, Jack Coote, John Clarke, Tom Dowling, Gordon Favelle, Bill Halloway, Ross McKinnon, Tom McLachlan, Max Nixon, Ernie Norman, Andy Norval, Rod O'Loan, Sid 'Joe' Pearce, Henry 'Harry' Pierce, Viv Thicknesse, Fred Tottey, Les Trussler.


1935 Eastern Suburbs season, Details
1935 was perhaps Dave Brown's most dominant. His this season include scoring 38 tries for the year (a figure that has never been approached) and finishing with 244 points for the season. Brown twice scored six tries in a game and at one stage he had crossed for 22 tries in only five games. In one match he scored 45 points (five tries and 15 goals), another record that has stood the test of time.


1935 Eastern Suburbs season, Season summary
Rod O'loan's 7 tries holds the Eastern Suburbs club's record and is the 2nd most in premiership history.


1935 Eastern Suburbs season, Season summary
In this match Eastern Suburbs recorded the club's biggest win and the 2nd biggest win ever recorded in Premiership history. Other premiership records set in this match are the 45 points scored by Dave Brown, this is the most points by any player in premiership history it came from 5 tries and 15 goals, his 15 goals stands (equally) as the most goals kicked in a premiership match.


1935 Eastern Suburbs season, Season summary
This was the last loss Eastern Suburbs were to suffer until 25 April 1938.


1935 Eastern Suburbs season, Season summary
The first of Dave Browns 6 tries in this match took him past Dally Messengers point scoring record for the most points scored in a season.


1935 Edinburgh West by-election
The Edinburgh West by-election of 1935 was held on 2 May 1935. The by-election was held due to the appointed as lord justice general of the incumbent Conservative MP, Wilfrid Normand. It was won by the Conservative candidate Thomas Cooper.


1935 Edmonton municipal election
The 1935 municipal election was held November 13, 1935 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and four trustees to sit on the public school board, while four trustees were acclaimed to the separate school board. Voters also approved a requirement that candidates for city council be required to own property.


1935 Edmonton municipal election
There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Hugh MacDonald, John Wesley Fry, Dick Foote, John McCreath, and James East were all elected to two-year terms in 1934 and were still in office.


1935 Edmonton municipal election
This election saw emergence of a new civic political party, the Tax Reform League, an anti-Social Credit organization carrying on the anti-tax, anti-Premier Aberhart work that the Civic Government Association had conducted in previous elections.


1935 Edmonton municipal election
There were seven trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled: Samuel Barnes, Frederick Casselman, and Izena Ross had all been elected to two-year terms in 1934 and were still in office. The same was true of the separate school board, where A J Crowe (SS), J O Pilon, and J O'Hara were continuing.


1935 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
There were 19,984 ballots cast out of 48,003 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 41.6%.


1935 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees
Charles Gariepy, Thomas Malone, R D Tighe, and William Wilde (SS) were acclaimed.


1935 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Property Qualification Plebiscite
Shall a candidate for Mayor or Alderman be required to have a property qualification?


1935 Ekstraklasa, Overview
It was contested by 11 teams, and Ruch Chorzów won the championship.


1935 Emperor's Cup, Overview
It was contested by 6 teams, and Seoul Shukyu-dan won the championship.


1935 Emperor's Cup Final
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1935 Emperor's Cup Final
1935 Emperor's Cup Final was the 15th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Meiji Jingu Gaien Stadium in Tokyo on June 2, 1935. Kyungsung FC won the championship.


1935 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview
Kyungsung FC won their 1st title, by defeating Tokyo Bunri University 6–1. Kyungsung FC was featured a squad consisting of Kim Yong-sik, Lee Yoo-hyung and Kim Sung-gan.


1935 English Greyhound Derby
The 1935 Greyhound Derby took place during June & July with the final being held on 6 July 1935 at White City Stadium. The winner Greta Ranee received a first prize of £1,050 and the attendance was 88,700.


1935 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances
¾ , ¾, 1½, 1, 2 (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1927-1950 one length was equal to 0.06 of one second but race times are shown as 0.08 as per modern day calculations.


1935 English Greyhound Derby, Review
The entries for the 1935 Derby included Brilliant Bob quoted at 10-1, the 1934 English Greyhound Derby runner up Grey Raca (10-1) and the veteran Wild Woolley (25-1), competing in his fourth Derby. Ante-post favourite was Curleys Fancy II at 4-1.


1935 English Greyhound Derby, Review
The first round heats would be staged over one week and the very first heat saw Grey Raca run last place in a four dog heat won by Ataxy. Ataxy had never run at White City before and recorded a fast 29.93. Wild Woolley failed to progress and was then retired while 1934 finalist Kumm on Steve just made it through. A bitch called Greta Ranee finished well to catch Curleys Fancy II in the fastest time of the round (29.70).


1935 English Greyhound Derby, Review
Two nights later the second round started and Greta Ranee was defeated by 10-1 shot Stout Heart in 29.64, the second fastest time ever recorded at White City. Brilliant Bob progressed but both Kumm On Steve and Ataxy failed to progress.


1935 English Greyhound Derby, Review
The first semi-final was marred by trouble in which Greta Ranee came out best winning from Stout Heart and Fresh Judgement, Brilliant Bob was eliminated which angered the crowd because they wanted a re-run. Curleys Fancy II came back to form with a win in the second semi-final in 29.86, three lengths ahead of Gold Collar champion Bosham. Wimbledon two year old produce champion Maidens Delight took the final qualifying place. As the draw for the final was being conducted the crowd booed following the problems encountered in the first semi-final.


1935 English Greyhound Derby, Review
A record crowd of 88,700 attended the final night and there was still debate about wide runners being seeded due to the semi-final incident, a rule change that the Greyhound Express backed. As the traps went up in the final Stout Heart and Curleys Fancy II vied for the lead until the back straight when they were joined by Greta Ranee, as the three came round the final bend, Greta Ranee challenged strongly and beat Curleys Fancy II by ¾ length on the line, with Stout Heart a further ¾ length behind in third place. Greta Ranee, owned by surgeon John Percy Lockhart-Mummery, became the first bitch to win the Greyhound Derby. Further controversy ensued because many of the paying spectators thought that Curleys Fancy had been fought by Stout Heart at the third bend and they jeered after the race.


1935 English cricket season
1935 was the 42nd season of County Championship cricket in England. England were beaten by South Africa who won the Test series 1–0 with four matches drawn. The championship was won by Yorkshire.


1935 English cricket season, Leading batsmen
Wally Hammond topped the averages with 2616 runs @ 49.35, a low average for the leading batsman.


1935 English cricket season, Leading bowlers
Hedley Verity was the leading bowler with an average of 14.36 and 211 wickets.


1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake
The 1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake occurred at 16:41:30 local time 4 January on the islands of Marmara and Avşa off Erdek in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. It had a moment magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 5 deaths and 30 injuries.


1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake
Three aftershocks occurred in conjunction with this destructive earthquake that was felt strongly in Istanbul, Edirne and Izmir. The villages Gündoğdu, Çınarlı, and Asmalı on Marmara Island were completely flattened, and the island's town center was damaged. On the neighboring Avşa Island, 128 houses in the Türkeli village and all the houses of Yiğitler village were destroyed. On Paşalimanı Island, the villages Poyraz and Harmanlı were completely destroyed and the villages Paşalimanı and Balıklı were partly damaged. The foghorn building on Hayırsız Island was demolished and rocks at the shore fell into the sea.


1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake
The submarine communications cable running across the Sea of Marmara remained intact. In the villages Narlı and Ocaklar on the Kapıdağ Peninsula, and as well as around Avşa, fountains dried and emitted noise. Since the earthquake occurred in the daytime, fatalities were few. Five people were killed and 30 were injured. Aftershocks continued until March 7, 1935.


1935 Estonian Football Championship
The 1935 Estonian Football Championship was the 15th official football league season in Estonia. Eight teams, five from Tallinn, one from Pärnu, Narva and Tartu, took part in the league. JS Estonia Tallinn successfully defended the title, winning the league for the second time in their short history.


1935 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1935 European Figure Skating Championships were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland from January 23 to 26. Elite senior-level figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.


1935 European Rowing Championships
The 1935 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships for men held on the Berlin-Grünau Regatta Course in the German capital of Berlin. The event was a test run for the rowing part of the 1936 Summer Olympics that were to be held at the same venue. The rowers competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+).


1935 European Rugby League Championship
The 1935 European Rugby League Championship was a rugby league international competition held in 1935. The 1935 edition was the first ever held.


1935 FA Charity Shield
The 1935 FA Charity Shield was the 22nd FA Charity Shield, a football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by league champions Arsenal and FA Cup winners Sheffield Wednesday, and was played at Highbury, the home ground of Arsenal. Sheffield Wednesday won 1–0.


1935 FA Charity Shield
Arsenal were making their fifth appearance out of six Charity Shields, and they had won the previous four in which they had played, including a 2–1 victory over Sheffield Wednesday in the 1930 final. Sheffield Wednesday were making their second and as of 2016 most recent appearance in the competition.


1935 FA Charity Shield
The match was criticized as a poor game in which Arsenal under-performed. Wednesday were praised for their direct attacking play and solid defending. The only goal of the game was scored by Neil Dewar, after Arsenal failed to clear the ball at a corner. The second half of the match was broadcast with live commentary by George Allison – who was also the Arsenal manager – on the BBC's Regional radio station.


1935 FA Cup Final
The 1935 FA Cup Final was contested by Sheffield Wednesday and West Bromwich Albion at Wembley. Sheffield Wednesday won 4–2, with goals scored by Jack Palethorpe, Mark Hooper and Ellis Rimmer (2). Wally Boyes and Teddy Sandford scored West Brom's goals. It is the most recent time that the trophy has been won by Sheffield Wednesday, and would be their last major trophy win for 56 years, until they won the Football League Cup in 1991.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary
West Brom went into the match as favourites even though they were below Wednesday in the table, pundits believing that they had the better forward players with Wally Boyes, W.G. Richardson and Teddy Sandford all having notched over 20 League goals for the season. The two teams had actually met in a League game five days earlier on Easter Monday and drawn 1–1 at The Hawthorns.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary
Wednesday went into the match with a full strength squad and fielded the same starting eleven that they had for every round except the third, Ellis Rimmer was their ace in the pack having scored in every round up to the final. West Brom brought back Joe Carter into the team having been absent with a knee injury since the semi-final. Harry Jones being the unlucky player to miss out. In hindsight the decision to play Carter was clearly a gamble and a mistake with no substitutes allowed.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary
Carter was limping after only ten minutes of the match and missed two second half chances which he may have taken if he had been fully fit. Another controversial move by West Brom was the decision to leave out Arthur Gale who had played in all six FA Cup ties leading up to the final that season, scoring four goals from the right wing. Gale was replaced by Tommy Glidden who was effectively shackled by Wednesday's left back Ted Catlin.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary
The match had a thrilling start when Wednesday took the lead after just two minutes, a West Brom attack broke down leaving Ted Catlin injured on the floor, however referee Bert Fogg played an advantage and a quick break saw Mark Hooper and Ronnie Starling combine to feed Jack Palethorpe who hit a right foot shot into the corner of the goal. Albion however started to play some good football and got themselves back into the match after 21 minutes when the youngest player on the field, 22-year-old Wally Boyes, a boyhood Wednesdayite from Sheffield scored an equaliser. The diminutive left winger took a pass from Carter and hit a stinging, rising drive from the left side of the penalty area which gave Jack Brown no chance. The score remained at 1–1 until half time.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary
The early stages of the second half saw Ronnie Starling miss a chance and then have another effort cleared off the line. Not to be deterred Starling was prominent in Wednesday re-taking the lead on 70 minutes when his pass released Mark Hooper who beat two men before hitting a shot past Harold Pearson that went in off a post. Within five minutes West Brom were level as a Teddy Sandford shot was deflected into the net off Walt Millership.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary
At this stage West Brom looked the likely winners with some of the Wednesday players arguing amongst themselves as they kicked off. It was during this stage of the game that the limping Joe Carter missed his two good chances, hitting the post with one of them. W. G. Richardson also missed a fine opportunity. With only five minutes remaining and extra time looking a distinct possibility Ellis Rimmer, who had had a quiet match up till that point made his mark on the match.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary
He chased a long through ball from Wilf Sharp and the tall winger got his head to the ball just before West Brom keeper Pearson could reach it and guided it into the net. In the final minute Rimmer scored his second goal when Pearson could only parry a Mark Hooper shot and Rimmer knocked the ball home from close range. Wednesday had won the cup and Ellis Rimmer had scored in every round.


1935 FA Cup Final, Match summary, Aftermath
Sheffield Wednesday have yet to win the FA Cup since their 1935 triumph; their only major trophy during that time was the Football League Cup in 1991. By this date, there were just two members of Wednesday's FA Cup winning team still alive; captain Ronnie Starling, who died later that year at the age of 82, and Jack Surtees, who died in July 1992 at the age of 81. The last surviving player from the game, Albion's Teddy Stanford, died in May 1995 at the age of 84.


1935 FA Cup Final, Road to Wembley
Sheffield WednesdayHome teams listed first. Round 3: Sheffield Wednesday 3–1 Oldham Athletic


1935 FA Cup Final, Road to Wembley
West Bromwich AlbionHome teams listed first. Round 3: West Bromwich Albion 2–1 Port Vale


1935 Fawkner by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Fawkner on 17 August 1935. This was triggered by the death of United Australia Party (UAP) MP George Maxwell.


1935 Fawkner by-election
The by-election was won by UAP candidate and future Prime Minister Harold Holt.


1935 Florida Gators football team
The 1935 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1935 college football season. The season marked Dennis K. Stanley's third and final year as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The highlights of the season included the Gators' victories over the Sewanee Tigers (20–0) and the South Carolina Gamecocks (22–0). Stanley's 1935 Florida Gators finished with an overall record of 3–7 and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) tally of 1–6, placing twelfth of thirteen SEC members.


1935 Florida Gators football team, Postseason
Stanley submitted his resignation at the end of the season in the face of alumni discontent, but, in an unusual move, remained a member of the coaching staff when the new head coach, Josh Cody, took over in 1936. Stanley, who was also an education professor, later became the first dean of the university's new College of Health and Human Performance in 1946.


1935 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR
The 1935 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1935 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.


1935 Fordham Rams football team
The 1935 Fordham Rams football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In its third year under head coach Jim Crowley, Fordham compiled a 6–1–2 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 134 to 41.


1935 France-Italy rugby union match
The 1935 France-Italy rugby union match was a match organized by the international Federation of amateur rugby, that took place in Rome on April 22, 1935. The game between Italy and France was the only game of the competition, although it is not registered in the annals of French rugby history. France won the game 44 - 6 over Italy, with the game being held at the Stadio Flaminio.


1935 Free City of Danzig parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Free City of Danzig on 7 April 1935. The Nazi Party emerged as the largest party, receiving 59% of the vote and winning 43 of the 72 seats in the Volkstag. Voter turnout was reportedly over 99%.


1935 Free City of Danzig parliamentary election, Campaign
Hermann Rauschning, the Nazi President of the Senate of Danzig, was removed from his position by Albert Forster and replaced by Arthur Greiser in November 1934. Rauschning appealed to the public not to vote for the Nazis in the 1935 elections.


1935 Free City of Danzig parliamentary election, Campaign
Political opposition to the Nazis was repressed, with several politicians being imprisoned and murdered.


1935 Free City of Danzig parliamentary election, Aftermath
At the opening session of Danzig’s parliament on 30 April 1935, the representatives of the democratic parties declared that its composition did not reflect the will of the people and that an examination of the election should take place. The fastest way to new elections would have been the self-dissolution of the Volkstag but this was rejected by the majority of its members. Directly after the election, the democratic parties submitted a series of appeals against the election result with Danzig’s Supreme Court.


1935 Free City of Danzig parliamentary election, Aftermath
On 30 October 1935, a hearing was held before the First Civil Senate of the Danzig Supreme Court, chaired by its President, Walter von Hagens. The court looked at the reported cases and heard 988 witnesses. On 14 November 1935, the verdict was proclaimed. The Supreme Court found many cases of electoral fraud and confirmed the opposition parties’ view that state institutions had interfered in favour of the Nazi party (NSDAP). However, the election result was not declared entirely invalid.


1935 Free City of Danzig parliamentary election, Aftermath
Instead, it was decided that the Nazi party would be deducted 3% of votes in the cities and 10% in the rural communities. In eighteen rural communities, the election manipulations were deemed so severe that the local results there were declared invalid. In total, the Nazi party lost 10,804 votes and was deducted a seat in the parliament, which went to the Social Democrats.


1935 Free City of Danzig parliamentary election, Aftermath
The economic policy of Danzig's Nazi-led government, which increased the public issues for employment-creation programs, and the retrenchment of financial aid from Germany led to a devaluation of more than 40% of the Danziger Gulden in 1935. The gold reserves of the Bank of Danzig declined from 30 million Gulden in 1933 to 13 million in 1935 and the foreign asset reserve from 10 million to 250,000 Gulden. In 1935, Poland protested when Danzig's Senate reduced the value of the Gulden to parity with the Polish Zloty.


1935 French Championships (tennis)
The 1935 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 21 May until 2 June. It was the 40th staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. Fred Perry and Hilde Sperling won the singles titles.


1935 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
Fred Perry (GBR) defeated  Gottfried von Cramm (GER) 6–3, 3–6, 6–1, 6–3


1935 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Jack Crawford /  Adrian Quist defeated  Vivian McGrath /  Don Turnbull  6–1, 6–4, 6–2


1935 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Margaret Scriven  /  Kay Stammers defeated  Ida Adamoff /  Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling  6–4, 6–0


1935 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Lolette Payot /  Marcel Bernard  defeated  Sylvie Jung Henrotin /  André Martin-Legeay  4–6, 6–2, 6–4


1935 French Championships – Men's Singles
Second-seeded Fred Perry defeated Gottfried von Cramm 6–3, 3–6, 6–1, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1935 French Championships.


1935 French Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Fred J. Perry is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1935 French Championships – Women's Singles
Hilde Sperling defeated Simonne Mathieu 6–2, 6–1 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1935 French Championships.


1935 French Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Hilde Sperling is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1935 French Grand Prix
The 1935 French Grand Prix (formally the XXIX Grand Prix de l'Automobile Club de France) was a Grand Prix motor race which was held at Montlhéry, France on 23 June 1935. The race lasted 500km (12.5 km x 40 laps) and was won by Rudolf Caracciola driving a Mercedes-Benz.


1935 French Grand Prix, Background
For the first time, the Automobile Club of France decided that the grid positions should be set by practice times, rather than by ballot, a practice introduced in Europe at the Monaco Grand Prix.


1935 French Grand Prix, Background
Having witnessed the more powerful German cars winning nearly every race they entered (notably not the 1934 French Grand Prix), the organisers decided to reduce the speeds of the Montlhéry circuit by installing three slow chicanes. This was ultimately successful in ensuring the competitiveness of the Alfa Romeos, with Tazio Nuvolari able to set second fastest time in practice, and completing the fastest lap of the race, albeit 23 seconds slower than last year's fastest lap due to the chicanes.


1935 French Grand Prix, Classification
Fastest Lap: Tazio Nuvolari (Alfa Romeo Tipo-B P3) 5:29.1, 136.74 km/h


1935 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1935 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State Normal School during the 1935 college football season.


1935 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
Fresno State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The 1935 team was led by third-year head coach Leo Harris and played home games at Fresno State College Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as champion of the FWC, with a record of six wins and three losses (6–3, 4–0 FWC). The Bulldogs outscored their opponents 199–84 for the season, including holding their opponents under 10 points in six of the nine games.


1935 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL
No Fresno State Bulldog players were selected in the 1936 NFL Draft (the first NFL draft).


1935 GP Ouest–France
The 1935 GP Ouest-France was the fifth edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 27 August 1935. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Jean Le Dily.


1935 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1935 Gent–Wevelgem was the second edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 30 June 1935. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Albert Depreitere.


1935 George Washington Colonials football team
The 1935 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Jim Pixlee, the team compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 141 to 101. The team defeated North Dakota, West Virginia, and Tulsa, and lost to Alabama, Wake Forest, and Rice.


1935 Georgetown Hoyas football team
The 1935 Georgetown Hoyas football team was an American football team that represented Georgetown University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jack Hagerty, the Hoyas compiled a 4–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 71 to 40. The team played its home games at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C..


1935 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1935 Georgia Bulldogs football team  represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1935 college football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 6–4 record.


1935 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1935 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1935 college football season.


1935 German Grand Prix
The 1935 German Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Nürburgring on 28 July 1935.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
The 1935 event was considered to be one of the greatest motorsports victories of all time. The 1935 German Grand Prix will always be remembered as Tazio Nuvolari's greatest race. In a monumental drive, the Italian beat nine superior German Silver Arrows with an inferior red Alfa Romeo. The 1935 German Grand Prix at Nürbugring was held under chilling and dreadful conditions. An estimated 300,000 German fans including some of the most powerful and high ranking Third Reich officers showed up for the race that was run over the course of 22.8 km consisting of 174 turns.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
There were high expectations that one of the German drivers would win the race since they had the most powerful and advanced cars. Three Alfa-Romeos were presented by the Scuderia Ferrari team and were driven by Italian drivers Tazio Nuvolari and Antonio Brivio, along with Monegasque driver Louis Chiron. The rest of the competitors were from Maserati, ERA and Bugatti and were contested under private teams. Italian legend, Tazio Nuvolari's Alfa Romeo P3 Tipo B enjoyed the maximum engine capacity used in these cars, 3.2 litre, 290 bhp.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
The race position was determined by a ballot and Tazio Nuvolari secured the front row at P2 but due to a poor start, Nuvolari dropped down to the third place with teammates Brivio retiring at lap 1 and Chiron at Lap 5 leaving Tazio with the only Alfa Romeo left competing in the race. Italian legend Tazio Nuvolari, drove a very hard race in appalling conditions, and after a dreadful start  was able to pass a number of cars, particularly while some of the German cars pitted.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
By lap 10, Nuvolari was already leading the race while the rest of the cars were struggling to maintain a grip on the now rain-soaked track. After a botched pit in which he lost a total of 2 minutes and 14 seconds due to refueling delays from a broken pressure pump, he joined the race at 6th place. He drove on the limit, made up the time and was 2nd by the start of the last lap- 35 seconds behind leader Manfred von Brauchitsch in a Mercedes.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
But von Brauchitsch had ruined his tyres by pushing very hard in the dreadful conditions- and Nuvolari was able to catch the German, passing him when one of von Brauchitsch's tyres blew out, and took victory in front of the stunned German High Command and 300,000 spectators. The small 42-year-old Italian ended up finishing in front of 8 running Silver Arrows- and 2nd placed Hans Stuck was 2 minutes behind Nuvolari.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
For 1935, Nuvolari set his sights on a drive with the German Auto Union team. The team were lacking top-line drivers, but relented to pressure from Achille Varzi who did not want to be in the same teams as Nuvolari. Nuvolari then approached Enzo Ferrari, but was turned down as he had previously walked out on the team. However, Mussolini, the Italian prime minister, intervened and Ferrari backed down.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
Manfred Von Brauchtisch the race leader at time was a full 35 seconds in the led at the start of the last lap. But Von Brauchtisch had been pushing so hard though to get the win that his tyres were totally destroyed and the great Nuvolari passed the German when the Germans tyres finally gave up and fell apart and Nuvolari took the chequered flag to win the race. Von Brauchtisch was nearly inconsolable but it was due to the pace of Nuvolari that the German had to drive so aggressively which was the German's downfall.


1935 German Grand Prix, Classification, Race
In this year, Nuvolari scored his most impressive victory, thought by many to be the greatest victory in car racing of all times, when at the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, driving an old Alfa Romeo P3 (3167 cc, 8C, compressor, 265 hp) versus the dominant, all conquering home team's cars of five Mercedes-Benz W25 (3990 cm3, 8C, compressor, 375 hp (280 kW)), driven by Caracciola, Fagioli, Hermann Lang, Manfred von Brauchitsch and Geyer) and four Auto Union Tipo B (4950 cc, 16C, compressor, 375 hp (280 kW)), driven by Bernd Rosemeyer, Varzi, Hans Stuck and Paul Pietsch). This victory is known as "The Impossible Victory". The crowd of 300,000 applauded Nuvolari, but the representatives of the Third Reich were enraged.


1935 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1935 German Ice Hockey Championship was the 19th season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. SC Riessersee won the championship by defeating ESV Fussen in the final.


1935 German football championship
The  1935 German football championship, the 28th edition of the competition, was won by Schalke 04 by defeating VfB Stuttgart 6–4 in the final. It was Schalke's second consecutive championship and second overall, with four more titles to follow until 1942 and a seventh one in 1958. For Stuttgart it was the club's first appearance in the final, with three more to follow between 1950 and 1953.


1935 German football championship
The 1935 final produced the most goals scored in a final during the history of the competition, exceeding the nine scored in the 1903 and 1930 final. Schalke's Ernst Poertgen became the 1935 championship's top scorer with eleven goals.


1935 German football championship
The sixteen 1934–35 Gauliga champions competed in a group stage of four groups of four teams each, with the group winners advancing to the semi-finals. The two semi-final winners then contested the 1935 championship final.


1935 German football championship, Competition, Group 1
Group 1 was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Brandenburg, Ostpreußen, Sachsen and Schlesien:


1935 German football championship, Competition, Group 2
Group 2 was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Nordmark, Niedersachsen, Pommern and Westfalen:


1935 German football championship, Competition, Group 3
Group 3 was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Baden, Mittelrhein, Niederrhein and Südwest:


1935 German football championship, Competition, Group 4
Group 4 was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Bayern, Hessen, Mitte and Württemberg:


1935 Giro d'Italia
The 1935 Giro d'Italia was the 23rd edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The race began on 18 May in Milan with a stage that stretched 165 km (103 mi) to Cremona, finishing back in Milan on 9 June after a 290 km (180 mi) stage and a total distance covered of 3,577 km (2,223 mi). The race was won by the Italian rider Vasco Bergamaschi of the Maino team, with fellow Italians Giuseppe Martano and Giuseppe Olmo coming in second and third respectively.


1935 Giro d'Italia
This Giro saw the last participation of Alfredo Binda and the first of Gino Bartali, then 20 years old, who won the mountains classification.


1935 Giro d'Italia, Participants
Of the 101 riders that began the Giro d'Italia on 18 May, 62 of them made it to the finish in Milan on 9 June. Riders were allowed to ride on their own or as a member of a team; 55 riders competed as part of a team, while the remaining 46 competed independently. There were eight teams that competed in the race: Bianchi, Dei, Fréjus, Gloria, Helyett, Legnano, and Maino.


1935 Giro d'Italia, Participants
The peloton was primarily composed of Italians. The field featured seven former Giro d'Italia champions in five-time winner Alfredo Binda, two-time champion Costante Girardengo, and single race winners, Francesco Camusso, Luigi Marchisio, Antonio Pesenti, Learco Guerra, and Vasco Bergamaschi. Other notable Italian riders that started the race included Giuseppe Olmo, Raffaele Di Paco, Remo Bertoni, and Domenico Piemontesi. French cyclist and two-time Tour de France champion André Leducq entered the Giro d'Italia for the first time in his career. Other notable non-Italian riders included: Maurice Archambaud, Jef Demuysere, and René Vietto.


1935 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
The leader of the general classification – calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider – wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.


1935 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
The highest ranked non-Italian cyclist in the general classification and the highest ranked isolati cyclist in the general classification were tracked.


1935 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
In the mountains classification, the race organizers selected different mountains that the route crossed and awarded points to the riders who crossed them first.


1935 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
The winner of the team classification was determined by adding the finish times of the best three cyclists per team together and the team with the lowest total time was the winner. If a team had fewer than three riders finish, they were not eligible for the classification.


1935 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership
The rows in the following table correspond to the jerseys awarded after that stage was run.


1935 Giro di Lombardia
The 1935 Giro di Lombardia was the 31st edition of the race. It was held on October 20, 1935, with contestants riding a total route of 238 km. It was won by the Italian Enrico Mollo, reached the finish line with the time of 7h22 ' 16 "at an average of 32.288 km/h, preceding the countrymen Aldo Bini and Gino Bartali.


1935 Giro di Lombardia
64 cyclists took off from Milan and 32 of them completed the race.


1935 Giro di Lombardia, Development
Mollo won this edition of the Giro of Lombardy culminating a solo escape originated in the first ascent of the day-mount Guello (km. 40). Bartali passed very close to him by the top but decided to wait for his companions thinking about the Italian championship, which was also decided in this test. This circumstance favored Mollo which by Grantola had more than eight minutes. A sufficient advantage to win the competition despite suffering in the last ascent to Brinzio.


1935 Gold Coast general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Council had 30 members, of which 16 were 'official' members (civil servants) and 14 'unofficial' members. Of the 14 unofficial members, three were Europeans appointed by the Governor to represent banking, mercantile and shipping interests, and two were Europeans elected by the Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Mines. The remaining nine unofficial members were Africans, six of which were elected by the Provincial Councils (three by the Eastern Province Council, two by the Central Province Council and one by the Western Province Council) and three directly-elected members representing the municipalities of Accra, Cape Coast and Sekondi. The elections were held under a severely limited franchise, with only 4,058 people registered to vote in Accra from a population of around 60,000.


1935 Gold Coast general election, Campaign
In Accra, the contest was a re-run of the 1931 elections, with incumbent MLC Frederick Nanka-Bruce again challenged by Kojo Thompson. The after-effects of the Great Depression had increased opposition to colonial rule, with Nanka-Bruce's ineffective performance in the Legislative Council benefiting Thompson. The media campaign quickly descended into abuse; Nanka-Bruce was supported only by the Gold Coast Independent (which he owned) and the Times of West Africa, whilst Thompson receive the backing of the African Morning Post (and its editor Nnamdi Azikiwe), the Gold Coast Spectator, the Provincial Pioneer and Vox Populi. The African Morning Post accused Nanka-Bruce of being a "sycophantic Uncle Tom, an ultra-moderate stooge, a self-seeker, a traitor and a mummified yes-man". Nanka-Bruce used his Gold Coast Independent to label Thompson as an immoral opportunist in twelve successive issues.


1935 Gold Coast general election, Campaign
Nanka-Bruce was supported by the Accra Ratepayers Association, the Asere Kowulu Party and the Ga Mashi Party. Thompson was supported by the Mambii Party, the Akwapem Improvement Association, the Ashanti Kotoko Society and the West African Youth League (and its founder I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson). On the day before the elections, the Gã Mantse called on his subjects to vote for Thompson.


1935 Gold Coast general election, Results
As in the 1931 elections, Kobina Arku Korsah was re-elected in Cape Coast and George James Christian in Sekondi. In Accra, Thompson narrowly defeated Nanka-Bruce by 1,030 votes to 926. Voter turnout was surprisingly less than 50%. However, the tactics of Thompson's supporters, which included blocking access to polling stations for elderly Nanka-Bruce supporters, led to the result being overturned in court when Nanka-Bruce challenged the outcome, the official ruling citing "undue influence of gong-gong beating" and 124 cases of impersonation. By the time the re-run took place on 16 April 1936, the Town Clerk had reduced the voter roll to only 2,858 by removing over 1,200 deceased residents. Thompson surprisingly won again with a slightly increased majority of 1,022 votes to 867.


1935 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
The 1935 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Gonzaga University during the 1935 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Mike Pecarovich, the Bulldogs compiled a 5–4–1 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 125 to 109.


1935 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
Fullback George Karamatic and halfback Ed Justice played for Gonzaga in 1935. Both later played years in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and were inducted into the Gonzaga Athletic Hall of Fame.


1935 Gordon state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Gordon on 8 November 1935 because of the resignation of Sir Thomas Bavin (United Australia) who had accepted an appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court.


1935 Grand National
The 1935 Grand National was the 94th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1935.


1935 Grand National
The race was won by Reynoldstown, a 22/1 shot owned and trained by Major Noel Furlong, and ridden by his son, amateur jockey Frank Furlong. Reynoldstown followed up with a second consecutive victory one year later in the 1936 Grand National.


1935 Grand National
The favourite was Golden Miller who unseated his rider Gerry Wilson on the first circuit.


1935 Grand Prix season
The 1935 Grand Prix season was the third AIACR European Championship season. There were 35 non-championship races and seven races that counted for the European Championship. The championship was won by Rudolf Caracciola, driving for the Mercedes-Benz team.


1935 Grand Prix season
Note that the Nazi German flag, bearing the swastika, was adopted on 15 September 1935 – one week before the final championship race of the season.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
The attempted coup d'état of March 1935 (Greek: Κίνημα του 1935) was a Venizelist revolt against the People's Party government of Panagis Tsaldaris, which was suspected of pro-royalist tendencies.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
The coup was headed by Nikolaos Plastiras, and broke out on 1 March 1935, but failed to establish itself in Athens and most of mainland Greece. The government quickly reacted, and loyal forces under the leadership of General Georgios Kondylis put the revolt down by March 11, when Venizelos himself was forced to flee Greece. In the coup's aftermath, a military tribunal was set up, which purged the Armed Forces of Venizelist and Republican officers, and ordered the execution of two prominent Venizelist generals, Anastasios Papoulas and Miltiadis Koimisis, and major Stamatis Volanis on April 24.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
Venizelos and Plastiras likewise were condemned to death in absentia. In the political sphere, the failure of the revolt marked the triumph of anti-Venizelist forces, and actually quickened the collapse of the fragile Second Hellenic Republic. Its final death blow was given in October, when the Armed Forces overthrew the government in a coup (due to their consideration of Tsaldari's stance towards the immediate restoration of monarchy as indecisive, and due to personal motives of Kondylis and his political and military circle), and Kondylis declared himself regent for the restored monarchy.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
The coup was the resultant of conspiratorial actions of various circles and organizations of the Venizelist faction, who aimed to the deterrence of the restoration of the crowned democracy. Behind this goal was the desire of the Venizelists officers, who were dismissed, to return to the army and proceed into radical purges of the dissidents as well as the pursuit of the policies of the same party to return to power.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
The concerns of the Venizelists for the future of the democracy were perhaps not entirely justified because, despite all the challenges of the royal fanatics, the regime was not seriously in danger, much less even by fanatical enemies, who were a powerless minority. The People's Party, which housed the majority of the old royalists, had recognized in 1932 the republic and had undertaken to work in the framework of this regime. Although the leadership and the press refused to renounce crowned democracy, their refusal was related probably to the reasonable desire not to cause a portion of their voters rather than by their fanatical devotion to the royal institution.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
From the causes of the Movement stand out two. The attempt in June 1933 against the life of Venizelos and its impact on the mentality and actions of the elder politician and the gradual debarment of the underpinnings of Venizelist – democratic faction in the army, occasioned by the Plastiras movement on March 6, 1933.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
The attempt of 1933 convinced Venizelos that his political opponents would not hesitate to use and this belief, such as his belief that his party and the country generally needed his services, certainly contributed in decision making that only unfortunate can be characterized.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
His encouragement and fomenting of conspiratorial organizations in the army, with ineffable but real purpose the defense of the Venizelist composition of the army, betray a lack of self-control. Such organizations were the "Greek Military Organization" and the "Democratic Defense".


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
The first was formed by officers who served in the army and the leaders were lieutenant colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes, his brother captain Ioannis Tsigantes, colonel Stefanos Sarafis and others. The purpose of the organization was to prevent Georgios Kondylis to impose with his own movement dictatorship, and to prepare military coup in order to prevent potential change of the regime. The second organization, the "Democratic Defense" was constituted by demobilized Venizelists officers. Leaders were the generals Anastasios Papoulas and Stylianos Gonatas but the true leader was Nikolaos Plastiras. These two organizations were united with the initiative Venizelist politician Alexandros Zannas with the common goal to defend the regime.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
These concerns of Venizelos and of the leadership of Venizelos' faction were strengthened by the occasional dismissals of Venizelists officers and stated objectives of those in power after 1932 were to remove their opponents from the army and the state apparatus in general and to substitute them in every sector and in every means. It was the reaction of political leadership that had been identified with the power and the state, after a long and a one-party government, and refused to leave power and let a field clear to the opponents of establishing a similar long-term and one-party regime.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Causes
The invocation of political and state authorities and the references to national schism gave the necessary ideological status in the fight of totalitarian domination. This leadership preferred to remain captive of an ideological epiphenomenon, which did not correspond to political and social incisions and the country's problems. It is characteristic that the resurgence of the schism coincides in time with the first, after ten years of one-party Venizelist governance, effective challenge by the opposition party. References to the dangers that threatened the republic began to multiply and to be intensified since the People's Party recognized the regime and undertook to respect it, either as a government or as an opposition party.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, The coup
Conspirators intended to capture the fleet, which, according to their plans, played a key role in the success of their movement. Their aim was still the military forces based in Thessaloniki and Kavala, and which would put under their control. By controlling the fleet, the guards in Thessaloniki, Kavala, Crete and the Aegean islands, the people of the Movement would form a temporary government in Thessaloniki, if in the meantime the government in Athens not submitted resignation, where the initiates officers would try to put under their control guards the capital to create distraction.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, The coup
The coup failed in its first and crucial phase, when the fleet instead of Thessaloniki, headed to Crete, where Venizelos took over leadership of the Movement, but not without hesitation. The guards in northern Greece rebelled too late, and the ones of the capital were again under the government's control, as soon after the onset of the Movement. In the meantime, the government of Panagis Tsaldaris reacted dynamically by assigning the suppression of the Movement to the Minister of Military Affairs Georgios Kondylis and by hiring Ioannis Metaxas as Minister of State.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, The coup
Kondylis with headquarters in Thessaloniki, quickly suppressed the Movement in Macedonia after a series of conflicts and the leader of the rebels in the area major general Kammenos, commander of the 4th army corps in Kavala, forced to take refuge on March 11 in Bulgaria. Eventually, the fleet was surrendered, while Venizelos fled to Kasos (Dodecanese were under Italian occupation) and requested political asylum. Basically, the Movement collapsed, which was due to the lack of a generally accepted military leader, the faulty design and the improper performance of projects, the rivalries of different groups and the lack of coordination. Finally, the Movement had only a minimal impact on the people, who felt discomfort and fatigue from the arbitrary interference of the military in politics.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Impact of the coup
The consequences of the coup were serious both for Venizelist party and for the country in general. The great national leader, Eleftherios Venizelos was forced to leave the country and he died a year later in exile in Paris. Political leaders of the Venizelist faction, including Venizelos and Plastiras, who was sentenced to death, were tried and sentenced to various severe or light sentences in a display of vengeful dispositions by those in power.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Impact of the coup
The military leadership of the Movement, including senior officers, as Stefanos Sarafis and brothers Tsigante, were put on trial by emergency military courts and were convicted, publicly humiliated and were dismissed from the army. Mass reprisals were avoided – three officers were executed, the cavalry major St. Volanis and the generals An. Papoulas and Mil. Kimoisis, not necessarily all of them responsible - when moderate elements of the government and the anti-Venizelist faction in general were prevailed.


1935 Greek coup d'état attempt, Impact of the coup
But the most important, in terms of long-term effects, was that the most important part of Venizelist and Republican military and navy officers was dismissed. The dismissal of Venizelist officers, more than any other action or moderation of the winning faction, has neutralized the foundations of the Venizelist faction in the army and facilitated not only on the eve of anti-Venizelist party in power, but also the gradual creation of a one-party state. Determined to proceed to the complete liquidation of the state apparatus of Venizelos elements, Tsaldaris' government abolished the lifelong operation of the court and suspended the permanence of civil employee. Also, the government abolished the Senate dissolved the parliament and announced elections for a Constituent Assembly in June 1935.


1935 Greek legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 9 June 1935. The People's Party-National Radical Party alliance, which won 287 of the 300 seats in Parliament.


1935 Greek legislative election
The elections were held in a climate of tension between the liberal Republicans, represented by the Venizelist parties, and the pro-royalist People's Party, following the failed Venizelist coup attempt in March. In protest at the execution of two prominent Venizelist generals, the continued function of special courts, and at the new electoral law, which they had not approved, all venizelist parties decided not to participate. Without opponents, the right-wing parties had no problem in dominating the Parliament, whose role would be to adopt a new Constitution and decide about the restoration of monarchy in the person of the exiled King George II.


1935 Greek monarchy referendum
A referendum on restoring the monarchy was held in Greece on 3 November 1935. The proposal was approved by 97.9% of voters.


1935 Greek monarchy referendum
George II of Greece returned from exile and was restored to the throne on 30 November 1935.


1935 Greek monarchy referendum, Background
After the defeat of Greece by the Turkish National Movement (the "Asia Minor Disaster" of 1922), the defeated army revolted against the royal government. King Constantine I was forced to abdicate in 1922, and died in exile in 1923. His eldest son and successor, King George II, was soon after asked by the parliament to leave Greece so the nation could decide what form of government it should adopt. In a 1924 referendum, Greeks voted to create a republic.


1935 Greek monarchy referendum, Background
In 1935, Prime Minister Georgios Kondylis, a former pro-Venizelos military officer, became the most powerful political figure in Greece. On 10 October, he compelled Panagis Tsaldaris to resign as Prime Minister and took over the government, suspending many constitutional provisions in the process. Kondylis, who had now joined the Conservatives, decided to hold a referendum in order to re-establish the monarchy, despite the fact that he used to be a supporter of the anti-monarchist wing of Greek politics.


1935 Greek monarchy referendum, Background
The referendum was scheduled to take place on 3 November per resolution "on the abolition of the republic" of 10 October 1935 (ΦΕΚ Α΄ 456).


1935 Greek monarchy referendum, Conduct
Observers of the time expressed serious doubts about the vote's legitimacy. Besides the implausibly high "yes" vote, the vote was held in far-from-secret circumstances. Voters dropped a blue piece of paper into the ballot box if they supported the king's return, or a red paper to retain the republic. Anyone who cast a red paper risked being beaten up.


1935 Green Bay Packers season
The 1935 Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 17th season overall, 15th season in the National Football League, and the 17th under head coach Curly Lambeau. The team improved on their 7–6 record from 1934 and finished with an 8–4 record and earning them a second-place finish in the Western Conference. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.


1935 Green Bay Packers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1935 Guatemalan Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Guatemala in June 1935. Following the election, Jorge Ubico’s presidential term was extended to 15 March 1943 by the Assembly on 10 July 1935.


1935 Guatemalan presidential term referendum
A referendum on the presidential term of Jorge Ubico was held in Guatemala on 25 May 1935. If approved, it would allow Ubico to override the constitutional limitation on serving two consecutive terms in office. It was reportedly approved by 99.85% of voters.


1935 Guatemalan presidential term referendum, Background
In 1934, a group of civilians feared that Ubico intended to establish a dictatorship. They planned to assassinate him, and drew in military allies who had lost administrative posts or commands under his rule. However, they were betrayed from within, and many were executed as a result. Six months later, Ubico convened a Constitutional Assembly with the aim of changing the constitution to allow him to remain in office until 1943.


1935 Guatemalan presidential term referendum, Background
Congress received thousands of (allegedly) spontaneous and identical petitions from 246 municipalities, which all called for the constitution to be amended to extend his term in office. Ubico then called a referendum on the issue.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike
The 1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike was a labor action of the International Longshoremen's Association. Lasting for about ten weeks from October 1, 1935 to mid-December on the Gulf Coast of the United States, the strike was marked by significant violence.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike, Motivations
In Houston, New Orleans, and other major docks along the Gulf Coast, strikes and other labor conflict had been a regular annual occurrence through the 1930s. The 1934 West Coast waterfront strike of the previous summer, involving workers from both the ILA and the International Seamen's Union, had developed into a general strike in San Francisco, with encouraging results for dock workers. Moreover Texan union longshoremen tended to look to the West Coast for inspiration, rather than President Joe Ryan and his "dictatorial rule" as president of the national ILA.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike, Motivations
Locals of the ILA struck 23 major shipping companies of the Gulf Coast, beginning on October 1. The ports involved included Corpus Christi, Galveston, Houston, Port Arthur, Beaumont, Lake Charles, New Orleans, Mobile, and Pensacola. The overall goal of the strike was ILA control of dock operations in New Orleans.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike, Motivations
The strike failed although many locals struck without the support of the corresponding Seamen's Union locals and against the active resistance of Ryan.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike, Motivations
The NAACP's publication The Crisis pointed out that New Orleans already had two strong unaffiliated longshore unions (one white, one black), which kept working all through the strike; that the ILA's forced closure of other Gulf ports had only driven ship traffic towards New Orleans; and that the change might be permanent.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike, Aftermath
The ten weeks of the strike were marked with significant violence. Police in Houston, for instance, deputized 56 strikebreakers into the force temporarily, several being former officers allowed to wear their old uniforms, and dock officials imported their own recruits by the busload and hired Frank Hamer to head "a special force of twenty ex-Texas Rangers and sheriffs to prevent sabotage and looting." That became a full-time position for Hamer for years, and he earned more than he had ever made. "Special officers" loyal to industrial interests remained attached to the Houston Police for another year until they were dismissed as part of the resolution of the 1936 Gulf Coast maritime workers' strike in January 1937, engineered by incoming Mayor Richard Fonville.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike, Aftermath
Associated Press reports counted 11 killings related to the strike on November 9, then a total of 14 on November 27th. Known casualties include a black strikebreaker named Henry Jones, said to be the first fatality, on October 5; a striking ILA member named Etienne Christ shot to death in Port Arthur, Texas, on 10/21; three strikebreakers killed at the Port of Lake Charles, Louisiana, on 10/22; independent black longshoreman Will Ballinger drowned while trying to escape from an attacking mob; and striker Samuel L. Brandt shot to death in Houston on 11/25.


1935 Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike, Aftermath
The conflict, particularly in Houston and Galveston, would continue through the 1936 Gulf Coast maritime workers' strike into early 1937.


1935 Haitian constitutional referendum
A constititional referendum was held in Haiti on 2 June 1935. The amendment would extend the term of President Sténio Vincent, and was reportedly approved by 100% of voters, with just 297 against.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election
The 1935 Hamilton municipal election was held on December 2, 1935 to select one Mayor, four Controllers, and sixteen members of the Hamilton, Ontario, City Council, two from each of the city's eight wards. Voters also cast ballots for trustees for the public school board, and in three plebiscites that sought to restructure elections for both city council and the public school board.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
The 1935 municipal campaign in Hamilton occurred at the height of the Great Depression, prompting municipal officials to consider cost-cutting measures in local government. In early November, 1935, Hamilton City Council began debating proposals to lengthen municipal campaigns and stagger elections so save on the cost of printing ballots and hiring polling workers. James Berry, the city clerk, advised council members that increasing the length of a city council term could save taxpayers $9,000 a year in election-related costs.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
On Tuesday, November 5, council met to debate the matter. There was considerable confusion among members, who opted to submit a plebiscite question to the electorate asking if they were in favour of an increase in the term length for members of the Board of Control, city council, and school board from one year to two years. Almost immediately after passing the motion, the city's solicitor, A.J. Polson, informed Mayor Wilton that the motion was illegal, as it included wording regarding the Hamilton Board of Education.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
In passing this motion, it would have allowed supporters of Hamilton's Catholic School Board an opportunity to vote on the length of term of trustees for a school board other than the one they supported. At a follow-up meeting, council determined it would be appropriate to split the plebiscite into three questions, asking voters if they wanted a two year term, if they preferred a staggered election, and asking public school supporters if they wanted to bring trustee elections in line with council's two-year plan.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
Despite having been elected to Parliament, outgoing Mayor Herbert Wilton inserted himself into the municipal campaign, giving a speech in late November, 1935, railing against council members who found themselves unable to deal with the financial stresses placed upon the city by the economic crisis in the country. "You complain about high taxation," Wilton said, addressing Hamilton's electorate, "and then vote to elect men who have never been able to successfully manage their own financial affairs."


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
Wilton, a strong advocate for low taxes and classical liberal economic policy, implored voters to carefully manage municipal finances, which he referred to as a "$8,000,000 business concern." Wilton also took aim at members of the Communist Party, who were seeking election in the city's working-class north-end. Wilton spoke passionately against the atheism of their members and the economic problems in the Soviet Union at the time. "They preach and teach the doctrine of hate, place their dead in graves without Christian burial, and deny the existence of God," he argued.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
The campaign was overtly partisan, with each political party's organization campaigning to elect candidates friendly to their platform.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
After the election, the Spectator declared that "Hamilton is still Tory Hamilton is the political affiliations of the new City Council may be taken as a criterion," Detailing the political affiliations of the members of council, the Spectator acknowledged that the mayor and 12 members of council were elected with the help of the local Conservative Party, five Liberals were returned, while Controller Nora-Frances Henderson and Ward 7 Alderman Donald Clark were members of the Reconstruction Party of Canada, with Ward 8 Alderman Agnes Sharpe serving as the only Cooperative Commonwealth Federation-affiliated member of council.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Campaign
In addition to the efforts of the organized federal parties, there was a clandestine 'ghost' slate supported by local teachers who advocated for the election of William Morrison, and Board of Control candidates Don McFarlane, Thomas Lewington, and Andy Frame. This was in response to the affiliated candidates promising to press the Hamilton Board of Education to reverse pay cuts imposed on teachers thanks to the city's worsening economic situation.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayor
The mayoral race in 1935 was marked by incumbent mayor Herbert Wilton's election earlier that year to Parliament for the constituency of Hamilton West. Soon after his election, incumbent Controller Septimus DuMoulin and former Hamilton East MLA William Morrison, who had been unseated by Sam Lawrence a year earlier, both expressed an interest in contesting the mayoralty.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayor
The city's Cooperative Commonwealth Federation establishment, organized and energized by Sam Lawrence's election to the Ontario legislature, had originally entertained plans to run a candidate for mayor, though they opted to forego that strategy, instead aiming to put up at least one candidate for election to the Board of Control, city council, and the public school board. The Liberal Party as well originally considered running local real estate agent F. Kent Hamilton for the office to challenge DuMoulin and Morrison, who were both heavily involved in local Conservative politics. They ultimately decided against this strategy.


1935 Hamilton, Ontario municipal election, Mayor
On nomination day, DuMoulin and Morrison were nominated, along with Communist Party candidate John Hunter, local baker Ed Goodfellow, and lawyer William H.W. Wardrope. In their nomination speeches, each candidate outlined core planks in their platform, with DuMoulin emphasizing his experience and a desire to see water-rates lowered, Goodfellow outlining a plan to reduce the city's debt, Wardrope advocating increasing taxes on the wealthy, Hunter proposing a graduated property tax with exemptions for those making less than $3,000 a year, and Morrison calling for a continuation of Wilton's program of keeping taxes and spending low.


1935 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
The 1935 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin–Simmons University during the 1935 college football season. In its first season under head coach Frank Kimbrough, the team compiled a 6–3–1 record, tied with New Mexico A&M in the 1936 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 182 to 64.