1941 Florida hurricane, Impact, United States
The storm destroyed vehicles throughout the region; replacement automobiles were sparse, as assembly plants were producing cars for the Army. Despite a lack of electricity due to the winds, the Tallahassee Democrat managed to publish 6,000 copies of a special storm edition. Initial fears of severe damage along the coast prompted rescue crews to push toward St. Marks; however, upon arrival a group of local residents convinced the crew that their assistance was unnecessary. Considerable crop and property damage was reported; total losses in the state were estimated at US$675,000 ($11.7 million in today's terms).


1941 Florida hurricane, Impact, United States
Seven injuries were reported, and five men drowned in the storm tide at a fishing net drying yard in Panacea, Florida. Initially, there were reports of 20 missing fishermen. 34 Cuban fishermen were also trapped off the coast near Carrabelle when 10 boats ran aground and were damaged after the storm surge subsided. The fishermen's supply of food was destroyed by salt water, but they were rescued by the Coast Guard cutter Nemesis without any injuries. After their rescue, they reported that five men had drowned in a small boat nearby.


1941 Florida hurricane, Impact, United States
The storm was still producing high wind gusts as it tracked into Georgia, killing one person and leaving a trail of considerable damage as far north as Albany. The single death in Georgia was a 16-year-old girl, Frances Hester, of Pavo, Georgia, who died after tripping over an electrical wire downed by the storm. Up to 6 inches (150 mm) of rain fell within the state. The storm passed through South Carolina with little damage. Throughout parts of the southeastern United States, rainfall associated with the hurricane was unusually light and unevenly distributed along its track.


1941 Football League War Cup Final
The 1941 Football League War Cup Final was contested by Arsenal and Preston North End. The first tie, played at Wembley Stadium on 4 May 1941, was drawn 1–1, McLaren scoring for Preston before Denis Compton equalised for Arsenal. The replay took place three weeks later, on 31 May 1941, at Ewood Park. Preston took the lead through Bobby Beattie, but Arsenal equalised late in the game courtesy of an own goal by Frank Gallimore. Within thirty seconds, Beattie had scored again for Preston, to secure the victory 2–1.


1941 Ford
The Ford car was thoroughly updated in 1941, in preparation for a time of unpredictability surrounding World War II. The 1941 design would continue in an aborted 1942 model year and would be restarted in 1946 and produced until 1948 when the more modern 1949 Fords were ready. During the initial year of this car, it evolved considerably. The front fenders came in three pieces, the theory being that small damages could be replaced easily. During the year, it evolved into two pieces with the lower front and back sections being joined.


1941 Ford
The hood risers changed, the early ones being the same as 1940 Fords, changing during the year to the better later version. The 1941 Convertible had no rear side windows, the only side windows being in the doors; in 1942, quarter windows were added so the rear occupants could see out. Five different coil/distributor arrangements were used during 1941, causing confusion for mechanics. Other variations were: two different positions for the generator, and three for the cooling fan — front of the crankshaft, front of the generator (rare) and on a bracket.


1941 Ford
This is thought to be the first Ford to offer a replaceable cartridge oil filter as an option. The two interior heaters were a "Southwind" gasoline burner, which had the advantage of keeping one warm in winter at drive-in movies (provided a small electric fuel pump was used), and a more ordinary hot-water type. Both had window defrosters. It had an excellent radio, which could consume the battery in about two hours. Electric windshield wipers were available in addition to the vacuum-powered wipers.


1941 Ford
Three different convertible power top mechanisms (vacuum, electric screw, and hydraulic) and two different header bar latching systems were used. Rear suspensions sometimes had a sway bar, most did not. It had excellent brakes and among the best handling of ordinary cars of the time. It served a transitional role in Ford’s lineup.


1941 Ford
The two previous Ford car lines, Standard and De Luxe, had blossomed into three, Special, De Luxe, and Super De Luxe. Ford vehicles had been V8-only since 1935, but dealer requests for an "economy" engine option prompted the introduction of a six cylinder unit. The entry-level 136 CID (2.2 L) V8 was switched in favor of a new 226 CID (3.7 L) L-head straight-6, the first Ford six since the 1906 Model K.  The popular 221 CID (3.6 L) V8 remained as the top-line engine and was standard in De Luxe models. Both engines were rated at 90 hp. The 239 CID engine, introduced in 1939 for Mercury and trucks, was continued in the Mercury models. The chassis was longer, with a 114-in (2.9-m) wheelbase.


1941 Ford
The "ignition key" for these cars was actually used to operate a bolt lock which, on one end, unlocked the steering column (a feature destined to return, mandated, decades later), and on the other end unblocked the ignition switch, allowing it to be operated. Starting the car was then accomplished by pressing a pushbutton on the dashboard, another feature destined to return with the advent of "smart keys".


1941 Ford
Although starting cranks had been replaced by electric starters for decades, Ford cars included a manual starting feature until 1948 as an antidote to dead-battery syndrome. The wheel-lug wrench served as a handle (also for the jack) and the jack shaft with bayonet-coupling pins could be inserted through a small hole in the grille to engage a bayonet socket on the forward end of the engine crankshaft. A quick-and-easy twist of the handle was sufficient to start the flat head V8, and the bayonet coupling was self-disengaging for safety.


1941 Ford, 1941
Fords for 1941 were much more modern with a wide body that nearly covered the running boards. The front and rear fenders were still pronounced, but were now integrated more into the body and the headlights were pushed all the way up and out over the front wheels. The 1941 grille was a three-part affair with a tall center section bookended by twin kidneys low on the fenders and vertical bars all around. The 1941 was a bigger car with a 194.3-in (4.935-m) overall length and a width increased to 73.12-in.


1941 Ford, 1941
Body styles included two-door and four-door sedans, a sedan coupe, a business coupe, and convertible coupe, sedan delivery wagon, and woody station wagon. The Super Deluxe had several amenities of higher quality over the base models, including more chrome, leather seats, and a wood-grain dashboard. The pickup truck continued with the 1940 standard Ford styling. Production of the 1941 models was disrupted by a sudden labor strike in April 1941; Henry Ford, having resisted unionization well after the rest of the American automobile industry accepted it, finally gave in and signed a contract with the UAW.


1941 Ford, 1942
The 1942 model year lasted only four months before the government ordered a halt to civilian automobile production starting on February 10, 1942. Changes were made to the car besides a three-part "electric shaver" grille — and the parking lights were moved from the top of the fenders to between the grill and headlights. Tail lights were enlarged and moved from vertical to horizontal. The frame was lowered and softer springs were used to improve the ride.


1941 Ford, 1942
The dashboard was changed, moving the radio from the top of the dash to low down, and the linear speedometer and clock were replaced with round ones. The radio had an optional floor button so the driver could change preselected stations without using hands. War rationing required auto makers to black out their chrome trim - Ford used silver paint - and a special four-door model was produced with no chrome at all for military use. The pickup received new styling, as well, with heavy vertical bars, and truck production lasted through March 3.


1941 Ford, 1942
The 1942-style Ford cars certainly continued to be produced as military staff cars from March 1942 through summer 1945. These would have been registered as 1942, 1943, 1944, and 1945 models. Additionally, a large number of 1942 (and a few 1941) cars held in dealer stocks by government edict, to be doled out to essential users during the conflict, were Fords. Some states titled cars by the year of sale, so it is possible to find 1943, 1944, and 1945 models by virtue of their registrations and titles.


1941 Ford, 1946
Following the official surrender of Japan in September 1945, civilian car production slowly resumed. The 1946 Ford was identical to the 1942 model under the skin, though a heavy new grille with horizontal bars and red accents refreshed the styling. The hood was widened by adding a center strip. One notable change was to use the 239 CID engine which since 1939 had been used in Mercurys and trucks, and capable of 100 hp (75 kW) for the first time. With steel in short supply, Ford produced a distinctive "Sportsman" convertible with wood side panels, supplied from the Ford Iron Mountain Plant. The convertible had an electric top instead of manual one.


1941 Ford, 1946
In the 1985 film Back to the Future and its sequel Back to the Future Part II, the car which Biff Tannen owns in 1955 was a black 1946 Ford Super De Luxe convertible. In Back to the Future, during the skateboard chase scene, note carefully at the park lights: some shots are a 1946 model year, whereas others are a 1947 model year. Looking at the "top boot" area shape, it appears the 1947 is a real convertible, and the 1946 with the manure on it is a coupe with its top removed to resemble a convertible. In Back to the Future: Part II, some trim is different, suggesting a possible third car. After the film, the car was kept by Universal and displayed in their back lot tour. The 1946 car is now in a private collection.


1941 Ford, 1946
A 1946 woodie station wagon model was specifically selected by Jim Henson for use in the 1979 film The Muppet Movie.


1941 Ford, 1947
The 1947 Ford line was similar to the short 1946. Visual differences included the removal of the red accents from the grill and the two small lights located just above it. Ford began titling 1947s in February 1947. For the first few weeks, the 1947 model was identical to the 1946. Ford then restyled the body slightly first by moving the parking lights from above the grill to below each headlight. Exterior moldings were changed from grooved to a smooth design. A new hood ornament with a blue plastic insert was installed. A new hubcap design became available in March. The interior dash color was changed from red accent to gold. By September, the roof-mounted antenna was moved to the cowl. Horns were moved to in front of the radiator from the engine compartment. The final 1947 models were titled in November.


1941 Ford, 1947
In the 1984 film The Karate Kid, Mr Miyagi gives Daniel Larusso a cream-colored 1947 Ford Super DeLuxe convertible as a birthday gift. The car was actually a gift to Ralph Macchio from the film's producer. To this day, Macchio still owns the car.


1941 Ford, 1948
The final year for the old-style Ford was 1948, with an all-new model launched partway through the year. The wood-sided Sportsman convertible, supplied by the Ford Iron Mountain Plant, ended the year with just 28 built, and the all-wood bodies on the woody station wagons were replaced with steel for the 1949 season. The old car-based trucks were replaced by the F-Series this year. With Ford in financial chaos during this period, sales fell well behind Chevrolet--Ford output for 1948 was 430,198 vehicles, only about 62% of Chevrolet's output, and Plymouth came close to knocking Ford from second place with an output of 412,540 vehicles.


1941 Ford, 1948
The car used in the 1978 film  Grease is a 1948 Ford DeLuxe.


1941 Ford, Australian production
The 1941 Ford was also produced in Australia by Ford Australia in V8 sedan and V8 coupé utility models. Revised 1942 models followed, although only 138 examples were produced.


1941 Ford, Australian production
Australian production recommenced in 1946 with V8 Sedan, Coupe Utility and Panel Van models released and minor updates followed in 1947 and 1948. The Panel Van was discontinued in 1948 and the Sedan and Coupe Utility were replaced by the 1949 models in September 1948.


1941 Fordham Rams football team
The 1941 Fordham Rams football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1941 college football season. Rams offense scored 182 points while the defense allowed 67 points. Fordham was invited to play in the Rose Bowl, but declined the invitation because it had previously accepted a berth in the 1942 Sugar Bowl. They were ranked sixth in the final AP poll, released in early December.


1941 Fordham Rams football team
Fordham's Steve Filipowicz was selected by the Associated Press a first-team back on the 1941 All-Eastern football team. Guard Larry Sartori was named to the second team.


1941 Fordham Rams football team
The Rams won the Sugar Bowl by a score of 2–0 over the Missouri Tigers. The game was played in heavy rain and the only score came off of a blocked punt in the first quarter.


1941 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1941 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State Normal School during the 1941 college football season.


1941 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
Fresno State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by sixth-year head coach James Bradshaw and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as co-champions of the CCAA, with a record of four wins, three losses and two ties (4–3–2, 2–0–1 CCAA). The Bulldogs outscored their opponents 118–90 for the season, including shutting out their opponents four times.


1941 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL
No Fresno State Bulldog players were selected in the 1942 NFL Draft.


1941 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL
The following Fresno State Bulldog players finished their college career in 1941, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.


1941 Furman Purple Hurricane football team
The 1941 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1941 college football season. In its 10th season under head coach Dizzy McLeod, the team compiled a 3–4–2 record (2–3–2 against conference opponents), finished in ninth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 195 to 129. The team played its home games at Sirrine Stadium in Greenville, South Carolina.


1941 Gabès riots
Gabès riots was a three-day wave of anti-Jewish violence which erupted in the Tunisian city of Gabès in 1941. It was the worst outbreak of violence against Jews in North Africa during World War II.


1941 Gabès riots, History
The riots began when a mob of Arabs rushed the Jewish Quarter, killing 7 Jews and injuring 20.


1941 Gabès riots, History
Along with the 7 Jews initially murdered, one policemen was also killed.


1941 Gabès riots, Eyewitness Accounts
A Jew from Gabès, Tzvi Hadadd, remembered his mother rushing outside to look for his sister, only to be assaulted as she stepped out the front door. He recalled:


1941 Gabès riots, Eyewitness Accounts
"An Arab knocked her down and another grabbed her and tried to cut her throat."


1941 George Washington Colonials football team
The 1941 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University in the Southern Conference during the 1941 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach William Reinhart, the team compiled a 1–7–1 record (0–4–1 against conference opponents), finished in 14th place in the Southern Conference, and was outscored by a total of 176 to 31. The team played its home games at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C.


1941 Georgetown Hoyas football team
The 1941 Georgetown Hoyas football team was an American football team that represented Georgetown University as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In its 10th year under head coach Jack Hagerty, the team compiled a 5–4 and outscored opponents by a total of 114 to 61. Georgetown played its home games at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C.


1941 Georgetown Hoyas football team
Tackle Al Blozis was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1941 All-Eastern football team. Blozis was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.


1941 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1941 Georgia Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the University of Georgia as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 1941 college football season. In their third season under head coach Wally Butts, the team compiled a 9–1–1 record (3–1–1 against SEC opponents), finished third in the SEC, outscored opponents by a total of 319 to 85, and defeated TCU in the 1942 Orange Bowl. The team played its home games at Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia, and at Ponce de Leon Park and Grant Field in Atlanta.


1941 Georgia Bulldogs football team
Halfback Frank Sinkwich was selected as a consensus first-team player on the 1941 All-America team. Early in the season, Sinkwich suffered a broken jaw and had to play with his jaw wired shut and a large jaw protector attached to his helmet. In the Orange Bowl game, Sinkwich rushed for 139 yards (including a 43-yard touchdown run) on 22 carries and completed nine of 13 passes for 245 yards and three touchdowns.


1941 Georgia Bulldogs football team
Five Georgia players were recognized by the Associated Press (AP) or United Press (UP) on the 1941 All-SEC football team: Sinkwich (AP-1, UP-1); end George Webb (AP-2); tackle Charles Sanders (AP-2); halfback Cliff Kimsey (AP-3); end George Poschner (AP-3); guard Walter Ruark (AP-3).


1941 Georgia Teachers Blue Tide football team
The 1941 Georgia Teachers Blue Tide football team represented the Georgia Teachers College—now known as Georgia Southern University—during the 1941 college football season. The team was led by Crook Smith, in his 13th and final year as head coach. Due to the outbreak of World War II, the football program was suspended after this season and was not revived until 1982.


1941 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1941 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team was an American football team that represented the Georgia Institute of Technology in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1941 college football season. In their 22nd season under head coach William Alexander, the Yellow Jackets compiled a 3–6 record (2–4 against SEC opponents) and were outscored by a total of 130 to 82. The team played its home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.


1941 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1941 German Ice Hockey Championship was the 25th season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. SC Riessersee won the championship by defeating LTTC Rot-Weiß Berlin in the final.


1941 German Supercup
The 1941 German Supercup, known as the Herausforderungskampf (English: Challenge Match), was an unofficial edition of the German Supercup, a football match contested by the winners of the previous season's German football championship and Tschammerpokal competitions.


1941 German Supercup
The match was played at the DSC-Stadion in Dresden, and contested by 1940 German football champions Schalke 04 and cup winners Dresdner SC. Dresden won the match 4–2 to claim the unofficial title.


1941 German football championship
The  1941 German football championship, the 34th edition of the competition, was won by SK Rapid Wien, the club's sole German championship. Rapid, which had previously won twelve Austrian football championship between 1911 and 1938 as well as the 1938 German Cup, won the competition by defeating Schalke 04 4–3 in the final. The final was held on 22 June 1941, the same day Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa.


1941 German football championship, Overview
FC Schalke 04, having won five of the previous seven finals, being the defending champions and aiming for an unprecedented third consecutive German championship, were the favourites and led the final 3–0 after 57 minutes but Rapid scored four unanswered goals, the last three of them by Franz Binder, to win the championship.


1941 German football championship, Overview
It marked the second of three occasions of a club from Vienna (German: Wien) in the final, Rapid becoming the only one to win the competition while Admira Wien had made a losing appearance in the 1939 final and First Vienna FC would do the same in 1942. Austrian clubs had  played in the German league system from 1938, after the Anschluss, until the German surrender in 1945.


1941 German football championship, Overview
Rapid's victory led to a number of conspiracy theories. On Schalke's side it was speculated that Rapid was allowed to win to award a national championship to a club from the Ostmark while, in Austria, the theory developed that Rapid players were punished after the final by being sent to the front line. Both theories were disproven when Rapid, in 2009, commissioned a study into the history of the club during the Nazi era and found no evidence for either. Rapid continues to list both German titles, the 1941 championship and the 1938 cup win, in its honours.


1941 German football championship, Overview
Schalke's Hermann Eppenhoff became the top scorer of the 1941 championship with 15 goals, the highest individual amount for any player in the history of the competition from 1903 to 1963.


1941 German football championship, Overview
The twenty 1940–41 Gauliga champions, two more than in 1940 because of the addition of the Gauliga Elsaß and Gauliga Danzig-Westpreußen, competed in a group stage with the four group winners advancing to the semi-finals. The two semi-final winners then contested the 1941 championship final. The groups were divided into two with four clubs and two with six clubs with the latter, in turn, subdivided into two groups of three teams each and a final of these group winners to determine the overall group champions.


1941 German football championship, Overview
In the following season, the German championship was played with twenty five clubs. From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years, reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season, 1943–44.


1941 German football championship, Competition, Group 1, Group 1A
Group 1A was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Danzig-Westpreußen, Pommern and Schlesien:


1941 German football championship, Competition, Group 1, Group 1B
Group 1B was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Brandenburg, Sachsen and Sudetenland:


1941 German football championship, Competition, Group 2, Group 2A
Group 2A was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Mitte, Nordmark and Ostpreußen:


1941 German football championship, Competition, Group 2, Group 2B
Group 2B was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Hessen, Niedersachsen and Westfalen:


1941 German football championship, Competition, Group 3
Group 3 was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Elsaß, Mittelrhein, Niederrhein and Südwest:


1941 German football championship, Competition, Group 4
Group 4 was contested by the champions of the Gauligas Bayern, Baden, Ostmark and Württemberg:


1941 German football championship, Competition, Semi-finals
Three of the four clubs in the 1941 semi-finals had reached the same stage in the previous season, Rapid Wien, Dresdner SC and FC Schalke 04, while VfL Köln 99 replaced SV Waldhof Mannheim in comparison to 1940:


1941 Gloria Fault earthquake
The 1941 Gloria Fault earthquake occurred at 18:03:57 UTC in the northern Atlantic Ocean on 25 November 1941. It had a magnitude of about 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It was caused by movement on the Gloria Fault, part of the Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault. It triggered a small tsunami, which was observed at Newlyn, Cornwall.


1941 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
The 1941 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Gonzaga University during the 1941 college football season. They played their home games on campus at Gonzaga Stadium in Spokane, Washington. In their third year under head coach Puggy Hunton, the Bulldogs compiled a 3–7 record and were outscored by their opponents by a total of 201 to 65.


1941 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
The season ended with a blowout home loss to Washington State on November 22, two weeks before the Attack on Pearl Harbor. In April 1942, university president Father Leo J. Robinson announced that Gonzaga was suspending its intercollegiate football program for the duration of World War II. Robinson stated the loss of numerous football players and prospect to military service made further competition impossible. The program had been in financial difficulty, and varsity football was not resumed after the war.


1941 Governor General's Awards
The 1941 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the sixth rendition of the Governor General's Awards, Canada's annual national awards program which then comprised literary awards alone. The awards recognized Canadian writers for new English-language works published in Canada during 1941 and were presented in 1942. There were no cash prizes.


1941 Governor General's Awards
There was one award in each of three established categories, which recognized English-language works only.


1941 Great Yarmouth by-election
The Great Yarmouth by-election of 1941 was held on 8 April 1941. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal National MP, Arthur Harbord. It was won by the unopposed Liberal National candidate Percy Jewson.


1941 Green Bay Packers season
The 1941 Green Bay Packers season was their 23rd season overall and their 21st season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 10–1 record under founder and head coach Curly Lambeau, earning a tie for first place in the Western Conference with the defending league champion Chicago Bears. They split their season series, each winning on the road, and met in a playoff in Chicago to determine who would host the New York Giants in the NFL Championship Game. The Packers lost 14–33 in the first post-season game ever played between the archrivals; the next came over 69 years later, in the NFC Championship game on January 22, 2011.


1941 Green Bay Packers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1941 Greenock by-election
The Greenock by-election, 1941 was a parliamentary by-election held on 10 July 1941 for the British House of Commons constituency of Greenock in Renfrewshire, Scotland. Hector McNeil was elected unopposed to succeed Robert Gibson.


1941 Greenock by-election, Background
Greenock is a town in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The seat become vacant when the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Gibson resigned to take up the post of Chairman of the Scottish Land Court. Gibson had held the seat since a by-election in 1936.


1941 Greenock by-election, Result
The Labour Party's candidate was Hector McNeil, a journalist and trade unionist  and former councillor from Glasgow who had contested four previous parliamentary elections. He was elected unopposed as no other candidates were nominated in Greenock: the parties in the war-time Coalition Government had agreed not to contest vacancies in seats held by other coalition parties (although some by-elections were contested by independent candidates or those from minor parties).


1941 Greenock by-election, Result
McNeill held the seat through four general elections, until his death shortly after the 1955 general election, which precipitated another by-election.


1941 Guatemalan presidential election
Jorge Ubico y Castañeda’s presidential term was extended to 15 March 1949 by a Constituent Assembly on 11 September 1941. Assumed office 15 March 1943.


1941 Guatemalan presidential election, Bibliography
Villagrán Kramer, Francisco. Biografía política de Guatemala: años de guerra y años de paz. FLACSO-Guatemala, 2004.


1941 Guatemalan presidential election, Bibliography
Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1. North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Edited by Dieter Nohlen. 2005.


1941 Guatemalan presidential election, Bibliography
Leonard, Thomas M. The United States and Central America, 1944-1949: perceptions of political dynamics. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press. 1984.


1941 Guatemalan presidential election, Bibliography
Parker, Franklin D. The Central American republics. Westport: Greenwood Press. Reprint of 1964 original. 1981.


1941 Guatemalan presidential election, Bibliography
Taplin, Glen W. Middle American governors. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. 1972.


1941 Hampstead by-election
The Hampstead by-election, 1941 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Hampstead in London on 27 November 1941.


1941 Hampstead by-election
The seat had become vacant on the death of the constituency's Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), George Balfour.


1941 Hampstead by-election, Candidates
In accordance with the war-time electoral pact, neither the Labour nor the Liberal parties fielded a candidate. The Conservative candidate was Charles Challen. Challen was opposed by three independents who were not affected by the pact.


1941 Hampstead by-election, Candidates
Noel Pemberton Billing had been MP for Hertford from 1916 to 1921. He stood as a National Independent, although he was not supported by the Government.


1941 Hampstead by-election, Candidates
Billing had won a by-election during the First World War as a right-wing independent and was seeking to replicate his success. He stood on a policy of aerial reprisals against Nazi Germany.


1941 Hampstead by-election, Candidates
William Reginald Hipwell, editor of Reveille, a " barrack room newspaper for the fighting forces",  stood as an Independent Progressive. This was a label which had been common in by-elections in 1938, as part of Popular Front agreements opposed to the Munich Agreement and the leadership of Neville Chamberlain.


1941 Hampstead by-election, Candidates
A.L. Dolland stood as an independent, and advocated all-out aid to the Soviet Union.


1941 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
The 1941 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin–Simmons University as a member of the Border Conference during the 1942 college football season. The team compiled a 7–3–1 record (3–1 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 178 to 88.


1941 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
Three Hardin-Simmons players were selected by the conference coaches as first-team players on the 1941 All-Border Conference football team: quarterback Murray Evans; end H.C. Burrus; and tackle Truett Rattan.


1941 Hardin–Simmons Cowboys football team
Warren B. Woodson was in his first season as the team's head coach. Woodson was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.


1941 Harrow by-election
The Harrow by-election of 1941 was held on 2 December 1941. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Isidore Salmon. It was won by the Conservative candidate Norman Bower. By the time of the by-election, Harrow's electorate had more than quadrupled since 1924, and stood at 168,594 voters in 1941.


1941 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1941 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1941 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Dick Harlow, the team compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 70 to 43. The team was ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll released on November 10, 1941, and No. 19 in the poll released on November 24, 1941.


1941 Harvard Crimson football team
Harvard's Endicott Peabody won the 1941 Knute Rockne Memorial Trophy as the best collegiate lineman and was the only player to be unanimously selected by all nine official selectors as a first-team player on the 1941 All-America team. Peabody and end Loren MacKinney were also selected by the Associated Press as first-team players on the 1941 All-Eastern football team. Peabody was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and served as Governor of Massachusetts.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game
The Harvard-Navy lacrosse game of 1941 was an intercollegiate lacrosse game played in Annapolis, Maryland, between the Harvard University Crimson and the United States Naval Academy Midshipmen on April 4, 1941. Before the game, the Naval Academy's superintendent told Harvard that the Navy team would not play against a racially integrated team. Harvard's one black player, Lucien Alexis Jr. of New Orleans, left of his own accord after Harvard's athletic director told Harvard's coach to send him home. Harvard's players, supported by their coach, had voted to forfeit the game rather than play without him. The game went on as scheduled. Both Harvard's and the Naval Academy's administrations were criticized for their actions.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Game
On April 3, 1941, the Harvard lacrosse team's 18 players arrived at Annapolis, Maryland, to play the Naval Academy in a scheduled intercollegiate match. That day, the Naval Academy's superintendent, Rear Admiral Russell Willson discovered that Harvard's team included one black player, Lucien Alexis Jr. He informed Harvard's coach, Dick Snibbe, and athletic director, William J. Bingham, that Navy's squad would not play against a racially integrated team.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Game
Angry at the Naval Academy's stance, Snibbe and Alexis' teammates elected to forfeit the game and return to Harvard. Bingham intervened and ordered the Harvard coach to send Alexis home and play the game. Learning of Bingham's directive, Alexis voluntarily decided to depart and told his teammates that it was his idea. The game was played as scheduled the next day and Navy won 12–0.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Reaction
Harvard's student newspaper, The Harvard Crimson, learned of the incident and sharply criticized Bingham and Harvard's administration. The newspaper said of the incident:


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Reaction
Those officials here who asked the negro to return to college should explain the reasons for their actions by which Harvard has kow-towed to Jim-Crowism. Navy bigwigs should also be taught that when this country, this college and the navy itself declare their faith in democratic equality, they mean to practice what they preach.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Reaction
In response Bingham said: "We were guests of the Naval Academy and had no choice in the matter. Had the game been played at Cambridge, I would have insisted that he be allowed to participate."


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Reaction
Newspapers in Boston and New York City picked up the story and criticized Harvard's and the Naval Academy's administrations for their actions. The Harvard Council for Democracy in Education complained to U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt about USNA's actions in the incident. The Harvard Corporation told Bingham and the Harvard Athletic Association to inform all future sports competitors that the school would not tolerate further racial discrimination against its student athletes.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Reaction
One week after the incident, Alexis and the rest of Harvard's lacrosse team traveled to West Point, New York, to play a game against the United States Military Academy. In contrast to the reception the Navy had given Harvard's team, at West Point a cordon of cheering cadets, led by black cadets attending the academy, welcomed Alexis and his team.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Reaction
Doris Kearns Goodwin counts this incident among several that pressured President Roosevelt, in June 1941, to sign Executive Order 8802 that prohibited racial discrimination in the defense industry.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Later events
In 1949 Wesley A. Brown was the first black student to graduate from the Naval Academy. On May 10, 2008, a dedication ceremony was held on the Naval Academy campus for its newest building, the Wesley Brown Field House, named for him. Brown participated in the ribbon-cutting ceremony with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Mike Mullen, Naval Academy Superintendent Vice Adm. Jeffrey L. Fowler, and Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley. Also present were almost one thousand guests.


1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game, Later events
Lucien Victor Alexis (1887-1981), Harvard '17, was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the US Army and later became the principal of the only black high school in New Orleans. His son Lucien Victor Alexis Jr. graduated from Harvard in turn and went into the service in World War II. After his return, he got a degree from Harvard Business School. He later served as head of a New Orleans business college for black students, segregated by state law. He married and had children. He passed away in 1975. His daughter Lurita Alexis Doan became an entrepreneur, owning her own business from 1990 to 2005, and approved as the first woman and second African American to serve as Administrator of the General Services Administration (2006 to 2008), during the administration of President George W. Bush.


1941 Hawaii Rainbows football team
The 1941 Hawaii Deans football team was an American football team that represented the University of Hawaii during the 1941 college football season. The team compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 280 to 83. The season was shortened by two games following the Attack on Pearl Harbor.


1941 Hawaii Rainbows football team
Tom Kaulukukui and Eugene Gill were co-head coaches. It was Kaulukukui's first year as a head coach; Gill had been head coach of the team in 1940 as well.


1941 Hawaii Rainbows football team
During a September 24 game against Pacific (CA) in Stockton, California, a distressed army flying cadet tried to land his plane at the stadium, diving for 30 minutes "a few feet over the heads of terrified spectators and players and clipped the stadium power line, darkening the field." The cadet ultimately landed his plane safely in the stadium parking lot.


1941 Hawaii Rainbows football team, Shrine Game and Pearl Harbor
On the afternoon of December 6, 1941, in the Shrine Football Classic, Hawaii defeated Willamette at Honolulu Stadium. The game drew a crowd of 25,000 persons, the largest paid attendance in Hawaii history to that point.


1941 Hawaii Rainbows football team, Shrine Game and Pearl Harbor
The attendees included Territorial Governor Joseph Poindexter, Honolulu Mayor Lester Petrie, and Lt. Gen. Walter Short, the U.S. military commander responsible for the defense of U.S. military installations in Hawaii; the game was preceded by a "spectacle" of marching bands, including performances by the U.S. Marine band and bands from the University of Hawaii, Royal Hawaiian, McKinley High, St. Louis College, Kamehameha, Roosevelt High, Punahou Academy, Honolulu Plantation Co., and others.


1941 Hawaii Rainbows football team, Shrine Game and Pearl Harbor
Early the following morning, the Attack on Pearl Harbor occurred, beginning the Pacific War. The team's remaining game against San Jose State and Nevada were cancelled. The San Jose State team was already in Honolulu at the time of the attack. The San Jose State and Willamette players were stranded in Hawaii due to the emergency following the attack. The Hawaii, Willamette, and San Jose State football teams all volunteered to perform special police duties during the emergency.


1941 Hawaii Rainbows football team, Shrine Game and Pearl Harbor
The Hawaii football program was suspended for the duration of the war.


1941 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1941 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 17th season in the Victorian Football League and 40th overall.


1941 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Lightning Premiership
The VFL held a lightning premiership competition for the second season in a row. The competition was held between rounds 4 and 5


1941 Hitchin by-election
The Hitchin by-election of 1941 was held on 10 March 1941. Called in consequence of the death  of the incumbent Conservative MP, Arnold Wilson, it was won (unopposed) by the Conservative Party candidate John Seymour Berry.


1941 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1941 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach Joe Sheeketski, the team compiled a 4–4–2 record and was outscored by a total of 104 to 103. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1941 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
Two Holy Cross players were selected by the United Press as first-team players on the 1941 All-New England football team: quarterback Francis L. Saba and fullback John Grigas.


1941 Hornsey by-election
The Hornsey by-election of 1941 was held on 28 May 1941. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Euan Wallace. It was won by the Conservative candidate David Gammans.


1941 Howard Bulldogs football team
The 1941 Howard Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Howard College (now known as the Samford University) as a member of the Dixie Conference during the 1941 college football season. In their second year under head coach William C. White, the team compiled a 4–5–1 record.


1941 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1941 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1941 college football season. This was the last team Humboldt State fielded until 1946. They competed as an independent in 1941 and became a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) as of the 1946 season.


1941 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1941 Lumberjacks were led by head coach Earl Hoos in his only season as head coach at Humboldt State. They played home games at Albee Stadium in Eureka, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of two wins, five losses and one tie (2–5–1). The Lumberjacks were outscored by their opponents 46–115 for the season.


1941 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL
No Humboldt State players were selected in the 1942 NFL Draft.


1941 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1941 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1941 college football season. The Vandals were led by first-year head coach Francis Schmidt, and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus in Moscow at Neale Stadium, with one game in Boise at Public School Field.


1941 Idaho Vandals football team
Schmidt, age 55, was a longtime college football head coach, most recently in the Big Ten Conference at Ohio State University (1934–1940), where he was followed by a 32-year-old high school coach named Paul Brown. Schmidt was hired at Idaho in March to succeed six-year head coach Ted Bank.


1941 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
The Vandals were 4–5 overall in 1941 and 0–4 in conference play. They did not play any of the four teams from California teams or Washington.


1941 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
Idaho opened with a homecoming loss to Utah and then played Friday night road games in consecutive weeks, their first under the lights in nine years (last at UCLA in 1932). They split these two, both with the same score (21–7), losing at Oregon and winning at Gonzaga. Not known at the time, it was the last-ever game against Gonzaga, as the Bulldogs put their football program on hold after this season due to World War II and never resumed it. The teams had played nearly every year for three decades.


1941 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
In the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, the Vandals suffered a fourteenth straight loss, falling 26–0 at Rogers Field in Pullman on November 8. Idaho's most recent win in the series was a sixteen years earlier in 1925 and the next was thirteen years away, in 1954.


1941 Idaho Vandals football team, Season
The next week, Idaho's losing streak to Montana in the Little Brown Stein rivalry was extended to a rare three years with a 16-point shutout at Moscow. While Montana was in the PCC (through 1949), the loser of the game was frequently last in the conference standings. The final game seven days later was also a shutout, a 39–0 victory over Montana State in Boise.


1941 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference
No Vandals were named to the All-Coast team; back Bill Micklich was honorable mention.


1941 Illinois Fighting Illini football team
The 1941 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1941 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 29th and final season under head coach Robert Zuppke, the Illini compiled a 2–6 record and finished in last place in the Big Ten Conference. Tackle Nate Johnson was selected as the team's most valuable player.


1941 Indiana Hoosiers football team
The 1941 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Indiana in the 1941 Big Ten Conference football season. In their eighth season under head coach Bo McMillin, the Hoosiers compiled a 2–6 record (1–3 against conference opponents) and were outscored by a total of 126 to 101. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana.


1941 Indiana State Sycamores football team
The 1941 Indiana State Sycamores football team was an American football team that represented Indiana State University as a member of the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference during the 1941 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach Walter E. Marks, the team compiled a 5–2–1 record. The team played its home games in Terre Haute, Indiana.


1941 Indiana State Sycamores football team
Three Indiana State players were selected by The Indianapolis News to its All-Indiana college football teams: center Paul Selge (2nd team); tackle Arnold Tyler (3rd team); and guard Harry Woodard.


1941 Indianapolis 500
The 29th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Race was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Friday, May 30, 1941. The start of the race was delayed due to a fire that swept through the garage area on race morning. No persons were injured, but one car in the field was destroyed. The race rolled off with only 31 cars, and ran to its scheduled distance. This would be the final "500" prior to the United States involvement in WWII. It was not known at the time, but it would be the final race organized by Speedway president Eddie Rickenbacker, and due to the war, the race would not be held again until 1946.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details
Sam Hanks was injured in a practice crash the day before the race and withdrew. Rather than elevate the first alternate to the starting field, Hanks was credited with 33rd place.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Garage area fire
On the morning of the race a fire broke out in the garage area. George Barringer's revolutionary rear-engined car was destroyed. At the time, the car was being refueled (with gasoline). In a nearby garage, another car which was owned by Joel Thorne was being worked on with a welder. The fumes caught fire from the sparks of the welding, and a huge fire broke out which burned down about a third of the southern bank of garages.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Garage area fire
The start of the race was delayed by a couple hours, and fire fighters had trouble getting to the Speedway to put out the blaze due to the heavy race day traffic. Barringer's car was withdrawn, and he was credited with 32nd finishing position. With Sam Hanks and Barringer out, the race lined up with only 31 cars.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Garage area fire
Various equipment, tools, parts, and other supplies were lost in the fire. Two other cars that did not qualify for the race were reported to have been damaged. However, all of the other cars that qualified for the race were safely evacuated, and no injuries were reported. The fire was put out, but the site smoldered throughout the day, and smoke continued to rise even after the race had safely started.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Wilbur Shaw
Two-time defending champion Wilbur Shaw crashed while leading on lap 152, and failed in his bid to become the first driver to three-peat at the Indianapolis 500. As of 2020, no driver has ever won the Indianapolis 500 three consecutive years. Going down the mainstretch, the car lost control, and hit the outside wall, rupturing the gas tank. Shaw was drenched with fuel, and suffered a back injury which left him immobile for several minutes. Despite the fuel spill, the fuel did not ignite, and Shaw was brought to safety by the medical staff.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Wilbur Shaw
It is believed that the morning garage fire had an effect on Shaw's efforts. At some point before the race, Shaw's crew was preparing his tires for race day, and used chalk to write notes on the spare tires. One particular wheel was determined to be out of balance, and rather than being discarded, it was labeled in chalk with the words "USE LAST". However, the firefighters' water hoses are believed to have washed off the chalk message. Shaw inadvertently took on the bad wheel during a pit stop, which caused his crash.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Wilbur Shaw
Shaw never drove another competitive lap at the Speedway, although he did participate in a special private tire test at the Speedway during World War II.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Race details, Floyd Davis & Mauri Rose, the end of an era
Floyd Davis was the starting driver for the #16 car. On lap 72, Davis came in for a pit stop, and was relieved by Mauri Rose. Rose had started the race in another car and dropped out earlier. Car owner Lou Moore was apparently unsatisfied with Davis' performance thus far in the race, and ordered Rose to take over. Rose charged up the standings and took the lead in the #16 car, and went on to win. Both drivers were credited as "co-winners," similar to what occurred in the 1924 race. This marked the last time that one car would carry two drivers to victory at Indy.


1941 Indianapolis 500, Box score, Other Notes
Speedway president Eddie Rickenbacker did not attend the race, and instead listened to it on the radio. He was recovering from injuries suffered in a near-fatal plane crash a few months before the race.


1941 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
The 1941 Iowa Hawkeyes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Iowa in the 1941 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third season under head coach Eddie Anderson, the Hawkeyes compiled a 3–5 record (2–4 against conference opponents) and were outscored by a total of 99 to 91. The team played its home games at Iowa Stadium in Iowa City.


1941 Iowa State Cyclones football team
The 1941 Iowa State Cyclones football team was an American football team that represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Six Conference during the 1941 college football season. In their first season under head coach Ray Donels, the Cyclones compiled a 2-6-1 record (0-4-1) against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 173 to 85. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.


1941 Iowa State Cyclones football team
Senior guard LaVerne "Butch" Lewis was the team captain; Lewis was also selected by the United Press as a second-team player on the 1941 All-Big Six Conference football team. No Iowa State player was selected as a first-team all-conference player.


1941 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team
The 1941 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team represented Iowa State Teachers College in the North Central Conference during the 1941 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Clyde Starbeck, the team compiled a 5–3 record (5–0 against NCC opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 29.


1941 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team
Four Panthers players were selected by the college sports editors to the 1941 All-North Central Conference football team: tackle Don Barnhart, guard Aaron Linn, center Bob Hunt, and halfback Gene Goodwillie.


1941 Iranian legislative election
Parliamentary elections in Iran began in September 1941, when Reza Shah was still in power, and were continued during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran and succession of his son Mohammad Reza Shah.


1941 Iranian legislative election
Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Foroughi came under great pressures to nullify the election results which were considered devoid of legitimacy.


1941 Iranian legislative election
Immediately after the elections and departure of the Reza Shah, members of the parliament who were individually handpicked by him before his abdication, turned around and asked for investigations on his "misdeeds".


1941 Iraqi coup d'état
The 1941 Iraqi coup d'état (Arabic: ثورة رشيد عالي الكيلاني, Thawrah Rašīd ʿAlī al-Kaylānī), also called the Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani coup or the Golden Square coup, was a nationalist coup d'état in Iraq on 1 April 1941 that overthrew the pro-British regime of Regent 'Abd al-Ilah and his Prime Minister Nuri al-Said and installed Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as Prime Minister.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état
The coup was led by four Iraqi nationalist army generals, known as "the Golden Square", who intended to use the war to press for full Iraqi independence following the limited independence granted in 1932. To that end, they worked with German intelligence and accepted military assistance from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. The change in government led to the British invasion of Iraq and subsequent occupation until 1947.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, The coup
From 1939 to 1941 a pro-British government headed by the Regent 'Abd al-Ilah and Prime Minister Nuri as-Said ruled Iraq. Iraq severed relations with Germany on 5 September 1939, following the outbreak of World War II in Europe. However, Nuri had to tread carefully between his close relationship with Britain and dependence on pro-German Army officers and cabinet members. By that time, Iraq became a refuge to Arab leaders who fled Mandatory Palestine as a result of the failed Palestinian Arab revolt against the British. Among the key figures to arrive was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Palestinian Arab nationalist leader of the failed revolt.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, The coup
The Golden Square coup was launched on 1 April 1941, overthrowing the Regent and installing Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as Prime Minister.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, British response, Empire forces sent to quell the revolt
On 18 April, Britain reacted by landing the Indian 20th Infantry Brigade at Basra, the first elements of Iraqforce. Britain claimed it was entitled to do this under its defence treaty with Iraq.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, British response, Siege of Habbaniya
In the following days, the new Iraqi government moved substantial ground forces, including an infantry brigade, an artillery brigade, and 12 armored cars as well as tanks to the plateau overlooking RAF Habbaniya, the large British Royal Air Force (RAF) base beside the River Euphrates 50 miles (80 km) west of Baghdad. Upon arrival, the Iraqis demanded that the British not move any troops nor aircraft in or out of the base.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, British response, Siege of Habbaniya
The British responded by first demanding that the Iraqis leave the area and then, following the expiry of an ultimatum given in the early hours of 2 May, launched an attack. The base had a force of 96 lightly-armed aircraft, most of which were either purpose-built trainers or obsolete combat aircraft converted to training use. They also had an understrength battalion from the King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), six companies of Assyrian Levies (troops raised by the British), 18 armored cars and a company of RAF personnel, giving a total strength of 2,200 troops to defend the base. The Royal Iraqi Air Force, despite having aircraft that included numerous modern British-, Italian- and US-built machines, failed to defeat the RAF. By the second day of fighting (3 May), four Blenheim fighter bombers arrived.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, British response, Siege of Habbaniya
With British forces having air superiority, the Iraqi army was forced back to Fallujah and the RAF attacked the Iraqi Air Force bases at Mosul and Rashid. Habbaniya had essentially lifted the siege with its own resources.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, British response, Siege of Habbaniya
Reinforcements, officially called "Iraqforce", came from two directions. British and Arab Legion forces arrived in two columns (Habforce and Kingcol) across the desert from Palestine and Transjordan. Additional Indian forces continued to arrive in Basra.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, British response, Siege of Habbaniya
The Iraqi army was driven out of Fallujah and pursued to Baghdad, which fell within a week. This cleared the way for the nominal restoration of the Regent and the pro-British government. British military occupation of Iraq continued until late 1947.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, German and Italian support for the nationalists
In the course of the Iraq war, minor reinforcements for the nationalists were received from first Germany and then Italy. Arriving aircraft were crudely painted with Iraqi colours. Small numbers of Luftwaffe (German air force) bombers and heavy fighters, followed a few days later by obsolescent Regia Aeronautica (Italian air force) biplane fighters, flew sorties from Mosul against both RAF Habbaniya and the relieving Empire forces moving across from Transjordan. This was done to little effect.


1941 Iraqi coup d'état, German and Italian support for the nationalists
The Vichy French authorities in the Syria and Lebanon had helped both the pro-Axis Iraqi nationalists and the German and Italian air forces, providing airfields for staging and refuelling. Even before the end of the Iraq campaign, this had led to RAF attacks on airbases in Syria. Within weeks these events led to British and Empire forces invading of Vichy-administered Syria and Lebanon in the Syria–Lebanon Campaign.


1941 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 1941 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during September and October with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 4 October.


1941 Irish Greyhound Derby
Foot-and-mouth disease caused serious problems during 1941 with traveling almost ceased and Irish tracks coming to a standstill in many areas. The travel ban was finally lifted at the end of the summer and late plans were drawn up to at least save the Irish Derby before the year ended. This meant a much later final slot in October at Shelbourne Park because Cork had ruled themselves out from being able to stage the race. The winner Brave Damsel was owned by John Byrne who was known for owning the famous bitch Queen of the Suir before she left for the England.


1941 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Surly became a leading fancy after round two when beating Heatherset Hero by three lengths in 30.08. The other three second round heats went to Roeside Ilene, Well Protected and Gaelic Inler. Gaelic Inler then provided a 10-1 shock semi-final win over Shes Tidy and Brave Damsel to remain unbeaten. Brilliant Teddy earned victory in the second semi-final from Heatherset Hero and Pretty Forethought. Both hot favourites Surly and Roeside Ilene were eliminated.


1941 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the final Brilliant Teddy trained by Billy Quinn was drawn well in trap six but was forced to pull out. The remaining five runners lined up and Brave Damsel was gambled from 7-1 to 4-1. he won the race leading all the way from the chasing Shes Tidy and Gaelic Inler. Pretty Forethought a finalist form two years previous finished fourth and the favourite Heatherset Hero trailed in last.


1941 Jabal Razih earthquake
The 1941 Sa'dah earthquake or the Jabal Razih earthquake occurred on January 11 in the Razih District of Yemen. The earthquake had a surface wave magnitude of 5.8 or 6.2/6.5 and a shallow focal depth. Despite the moderate size of this earthquake, an estimated 1,200 people perished and at least 200 injured. With a maximum MSK-64 intensity assigned at VIII, it destroyed many villages and collapsed homes in the region of North Yemen.


1941 Jabal Razih earthquake, Tectonic setting
Western Yemen is located near the southwestern point of the Arabian Plate. At this location lies the Afar Triple Junction, where it meets the Nubian and Somali plates at three divergent boundaries. The three plates are rifting apart; extensional tectonics stretch the plates and eventually form new oceanic crust, in the case of the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea, where active rifting is ongoing. The extension causes normal faulting to break within the crust and cause earthquakes.


1941 Jabal Razih earthquake, Tectonic setting
The most recent major seismic activity related to the regional tectonics were a series of six magnitude 6.0+ earthquakes in Djibouti and Ethiopia. The largest shock had a moment magnitude of 6.5 and resulted in two deaths.


1941 Jabal Razih earthquake, Foreshocks
The earthquake was preceded by slight foreshocks that began days before the mainshock struck. A damaging foreshock occurred at noon on January 9, causing destruction in Al Hudaydah.


1941 Jabal Razih earthquake, Damage
The mainshock occurred at mid-day with an estimated surface wave magnitude of between 5.8 and 6.2 while some estimates guess it was up to a Ms  6.5. This strong earthquake was felt in the Al Darb governorate of neighboring Saudi Arabia and as far as Assab in present-day Eritrea, then part of Ethiopia. In all, a total of 1,200 people were killed and some 1,700 homes were lost. Another 400 homes suffered damage so serious, they had to be demolished.


1941 Jabal Razih earthquake, Aftershocks
Many aftershocks were felt every day up until the second week of March. These aftershocks worsened the damage caused by the mainshock. Two large aftershocks occurred at 09:18 on 4 February and at 19:03 on 23 February. The first aftershock had a magnitude of 5.2 and was reported from Haidan, Khaulan, al-Zahir and Wadi al-'Abidin near Sa'da, causing landslides. Damage was also reported from Abu Arish and Sabiya to the northwest and Harad to the southwest. The second aftershock of 23 February was reported from al-Hudaida, Bait al-Faqih, al-Sa'id and Bura, and caused significant damage.


1941 Kansai Collegiate American Football League season
The 1941 Kansai Collegiate American Football League season took place during the 1941 college football season. This was the first year of the league's existence.


1941 Kansas City Monarchs season
The 1941 Kansas City Monarchs baseball team represented the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro American League (NAL) during the 1941 baseball season. The team compiled a 34–13 (.723) record and won the NAL pennant.


1941 Kansas City Monarchs season
The team featured three players who were later inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame: center fielder Willard Brown; and pitchers Hilton Smith and Satchel Paige.


1941 Kansas City Monarchs season
The team's leading pitchers were Hilton Smith (10–0, 1.53 ERA) and Satchel Paige (5–0, 2.35 ERA).


1941 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The 1941 Kansas Jayhawks football team was an American football team that represented the University of Kansas in the Big Six Conference during the 1941 college football season. In their third season under head coach Gwinn Henry, the Jayhawks compiled a 3–6 record (2–3 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 222 to 74. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.


1941 Kansas Jayhawks football team
The team's statistical leaders included Ray Niblo with 241 rushing yards, halfback Ralph Miller and 657 passing yards, Ray Evans with 235 receiving yards, and Denzel Gibbens with 18 points scored (three touchdowns).


1941 Kansas Jayhawks football team
End Hub Ulrich was the team captain; Ulrich was also selected by the United Press as a first-team player on the 1941 All-Big Six Conference football team. Two other Kansas players (halfback Ralph Miller and end Fred Preston) were named to the second team.


1941 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 1941 Kansas State Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Kansas State University in Big Six Conference during the 1941 college football season. The team's head football coach was Hobbs Adams, in his second and final year of his first tenure at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats compiled a 2–5–2 record (1–3–1 record in conference play), finished fifth in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 168 to 67. They played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Manhattan, Kansas.


1941 Kansas State Wildcats football team
End Frank Barnhart was selected by the United Press as a first-team player on the 1941 All-Big Six Conference football team. Center John Hancock and fullback Lyle Wilkins were named to the second team.


1941 Kent State Golden Flashes football team
The 1941 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1941 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Donald Starn, Kent State compiled a 2–5–1 record.


1941 Kentucky Derby
The 1941 Kentucky Derby was the 67th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 3, 1941. Whirlaway's winning time set a Derby record (later broken).


1941 Kentucky Wildcats football team
The 1941 Kentucky Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Kentucky in Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1941 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Albert D. Kirwan, the Wildcats compiled a 5–4 record (0–4 against SEC opponents) and were outscored by a total of 154 to 151. The team played its home games at McLean Stadium in Lexington, Kentucky.


1941 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1941 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.


1941 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
On 13 December 1941, Carrickshock won the championship after a 4-05 to 3-07 defeat of Éire Óg in the final. It was their fourth championship title overall and their second title in succession.


1941 LFF Lyga
The 1941 LFF Lyga was the 20th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was abandoned.


1941 LSU Tigers football team
The 1941 LSU Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana State University (LSU) in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1941 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Bernie Moore, the Tigers compiled a 4–4–2 record (2–2–2 against SEC opponents), finished seventh in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 119 to 93. The team played its home games at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.


1941 LSU Tigers football team
Senior center Bernie Lipkis was selected as the team's most valuable player. Triple-threat tailback Leo Bird placed second, and fullback Walt Gorinski placed third. Gorinski later played professional football for the Pittsburgh Steelers.


1941 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1941 La Flèche Wallonne was the fifth edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 13 July 1941. The race started in Mons and finished in Rocourt. The race was won by Sylvain Grysolle.


1941 Lafayette Leopards football team
The 1941 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team represented the Lafayette College as a member of the Middle Three Conference during the 1941 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Edward Mylin, the team compiled a 5–4 record and won the Middle Three championship. The team played its home games at Fisher Field in Easton, Pennsylvania. Joseph Laird and John McKenna were the team captains.


1941 Lagos by-election
A by-election was held for the Lagos seat in the Legislative Council of Nigeria on 5 March 1941. It was required after the incumbent member Kofo Abayomi of the Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) resigned in order to move the United Kingdom to take up a Rhodes Scholarship in ophthalmology. Although Ernest Ikoli of the NYM was elected with 56% of the vote, the controversy caused by the election led to the eventual demise of the party.


1941 Lagos by-election, Campaign
After Abayomi resigned both Ikoli and Samuel Akisanya ran for the NYM nomination to be the party's candidate. Akinsanya had also sought the party's candidature for the 1940 by-election, but had lost to Jibril Martin. Akinola Maja joined the contest as a third candidate at a late stage.


1941 Lagos by-election, Campaign
An internal party primary was held in which Akinsanya received 108 votes, Ikoli  60 and Akinola Maja 37. However, the NYM central committee, which had the power to review the result, chose Ikoli as the party's candidate. Although Akinsanya initially congratulated Ikoli, he later changed his mind and decided to run as an independent with the support of Nnamdi Azikiwe.


1941 Lagos by-election, Aftermath
The controversy over the candidate selection resulted in a split in the NYM; Azikiwe left the party and was followed by several other members, eventually leading to the party being dissolved.


1941 Lancaster by-election
The Lancaster by-election, 1941 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Lancaster, Lancashire on 15 October 1941.


1941 Lancaster by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the elevation of the sitting Conservative MP, Rt Hon. Herwald Ramsbotham in August 1941. He was raised to the peerage as Baron Soulbury, of Soulbury in the County of Buckingham. He had been MP here since holding the seat in 1929.


1941 Lancaster by-election, Election history
Lancaster had been won by the Conservatives at every election since 1929 when they gained the seat from the Liberal, Robert Parkinson Tomlinson. The result at the last General election was as follows;


1941 Lancaster by-election, Candidates
The local Conservatives selected first time candidate, 30-year-old Lt. Fitzroy MacLean. Before the war, he worked as a diplomat. In 1939 he enlisted as a private in the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders. He was soon promoted to lance corporal and was commissioned in 1941.


1941 Lancaster by-election, Candidates
The Liberals had selected 63-year-old Lt-Col. William Charles Ross to contest a general election expected to occur in 1939–40. He had contested Manchester Withington in 1935. He was retired from the Indian Medical Service. Before the war, the Labour party had selected Albert Edward Victor Ainsworth Farrer as prospective candidate. At the declaration of war, the Conservative, Liberal and Labour parties had agreed an electoral truce which meant that when a by-election occurred, the party that was defending the seat would not be opposed by an official candidate from the other two parties.


1941 Lancaster by-election, Candidates
When the Labour and Liberal parties joined the Coalition government in May 1940, it was agreed that any by-election candidate defending a government seat would receive a letter of endorsement jointly signed by all the party leaders. This was enough to persuade Farrer, the Labour candidate, to withdraw. However, Ross, the Liberal candidate, decided to put his name forward.


1941 Lancaster by-election, Candidates
Although there was no Labour candidate, 53-year-old Fenner Brockway stood as candidate for the Independent Labour Party, who were not part of the electoral truce. Brockway stood for Parliament several times, including in 1924 in Westminster Abbey. In 1929, he was elected Member of Parliament for Leyton East as a Labour Party candidate. In 1931 Brockway lost his seat and the following year he disaffiliated from the Labour Party along with the rest of the ILP. He stood unsuccessfully for the ILP in the 1934 West Ham Upton by-election and in Norwich in the 1935 election. The ILP were opposed to British participation in the Second World War, a position that Brockway did not share, though he served as Chair of the Central Board for Conscientious objectors.


1941 Lancaster by-election, Campaign
Polling day was set for 15 October 1941. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a three horse race.


1941 Lancaster by-election, Campaign
MacLean received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition.


1941 Langston Lions football team
The 1941 Langston Lions football team was an American football team that represented Langston College during the 1941 college football season. In their 12th season under head coach Caesar Felton Gayles, the team compiled a 10–1 record, defeated Morris Brown in the Vulcan Bowl, shut out seven of 11 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 147 to 45. The 1941 Langston team was recognized as the black college national champion.


1941 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview
Started in June 1941 but was immediately interrupted when Germany started the war against Soviet Union.


1941 Lehigh Engineers football team
The 1941 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1941 college football season. In its eighth and final season under head coach Glen Harmeson, the team compiled a 0–6–3 record, and lost both games against its Middle Three Conference rivals. This was Lehigh's first winless campaign since its four-game, four-loss inaugural season in 1884.


1941 Lehigh Engineers football team
The team played its home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.


1941 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1941 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.


1941 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
Croom won the championship after a 4-02 to 4-01 defeat of Ahane in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their second title in succession. It remains their last championship triumph.


1941 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1941 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on April 1, 1941, with a run-off election on May 6, 1941. Incumbent Fletcher Bowron was re-elected.


1941 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team
The 1941 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Louisiana Intercollegiate Conference (LIC) during the 1941 college football season. In their second year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled an overall record of 5–4–1 and won the LIC title with a mark of 5–0.


1941 Louisville Cardinals football team
The 1941 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1941 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Laurie Apitz, the Cardinals compiled a 4–4 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 143 to 140.


1941 Loyola Lions football team
The 1941 Loyola Lions football team was an American football team that represented Loyola University of Los Angeles (now known as Loyola Marymount University) as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In their second season under head coach Marty Brill, the Lions compiled a 5–5 record.


1941 Maine Black Bears football team
The 1941 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the New England Conference during the 1941 college football season. The team compiled a 3–2–2 record (2–1–1 against conference opponents). The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine.


1941 Maine Black Bears football team
George E. "Eck" Allen was hired as Maine's head football coach in January 1941. He replaced Fred Brice who resigned from the post after the 1940 season. Bill Kenyon and Bill Dobbs were assistant coaches. Fullback Edward Barrows, the son of former Maine Governor Lewis O. Barrows, was Maine's 1941 team captain.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the ninth playing of the mid-summer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 8, 1941, at Briggs Stadium in Detroit, Michigan, the home of the Detroit Tigers of the American League.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Result & Key moments
The American League defeated the National League, 7–5. With the NL leading 5–4, two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning, and Joe Gordon and Joe DiMaggio of the New York Yankees on base; Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox hit a walk-off home run off of Claude Passeau of the Chicago Cubs to win it for the AL.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Result & Key moments
Prior to Williams' at-bat DiMaggio hit a potential game-ending double play groundball. However, Billy Herman’s relay throw pulled first baseman Frank McCormick off the bag, thus extending the game and setting up Williams' at-bat.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Result & Key moments
In the end, the AL's dramatic 7–4 walk-off win overshadowed two home runs hit by Pittsburgh Pirates shortstop Arky Vaughan, which had given the NL 3–2 and 5–2 leads in the seventh and eighth innings, respectively.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
Bob Feller (Cleveland, AL) and Whit Wyatt (Brooklyn, NL) pitched three and two scoreless innings, respectively, to start the game. Neither team put a runner in scoring position until the fourth inning, when doubles by Cecil Travis (Washington) and Ted Williams off Paul Derringer (Cincinnati) put the AL ahead 1–0.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
Bucky Waters (Cincinnati) led off the sixth inning with a double. A bunt by Stan Hack (Chicago Cubs) moved Waters to third and a sacrifice fly by Terry Moore (St. Louis Cardinals) tied the game at 1–1.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
The AL answered in the bottom half of the same inning when Cleveland shortstop Lou Boudreau (who had entered the game for Joe Cronin) singled home Joe DiMaggio for a 2–1 AL lead.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
The top halves of the seventh and eighth innings saw the heroics of Arky Vaughan, who hit a two-run home run in each to also score two St. Louis Cardinals players: Enos Slaughter, who had opened the seventh inning with a single, and Johnny Mize, who had preceded Vaughan's round-tripper in the eighth with a one-out double.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
With the score now 5–2 in favor of the National League the first pair of brothers to ever appear together in an All-Star Game cut into the NL lead, when Dominic DiMaggio – in his first plate appearance of the game – singled home Joe after his one-out double.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
In the ninth inning, White Sox pitcher Eddie Smith, who had given up one of Vaughan's home runs, retired the NL in order in his second inning of work. One of the three NL hitters to step to the plate that half-inning was pitcher Claude Passeau, who – with his team trailing 5–3 – was not pulled for a pinch hitter, and thus returned to the mound in the bottom of the ninth for his third inning of work. (The only position player left on the NL bench, Cookie Lavagetto, was inserted as a pinch hitter one batter after Passeau's at-bat.)


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
With one out in the bottom of the ninth, three consecutive AL batters reached base, putting the tying and go-ahead runs on base and bringing Joe DiMaggio to the plate. The “Yankee Clipper” then hit what some sources describe as a routine double-play groundball, which would have ended the ballgame. However, the relay throw from second to first by Billy Herman pulled first baseman Frank McCormick off the bag and extended the game.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary
With the NL still leading 5–4 (a run had scored on DiMaggio's groundout), the AL now had the tying run on third and the winning run on first. Not electing to walk Ted Williams, which would have advanced the winning run to second base and brought Dominic DiMaggio to the plate, NL manager Bill McKechnie, let Claude Passeau pitch to Ted Williams. With the count two balls and one strike Williams hit a three-run home run off the third deck of the right field stands of Detroit's Briggs Stadium for a 7–5 American League victory.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Context & Aftermath
The 1941 All Star Game took place in the midst of Joe DiMaggio’s 56-game hitting streak (but did not count towards it, since the All Star Game is considered an exhibition game). DiMaggio had equaled the all-time record of 44 games, set by Willie Keeler in 1897, seven days prior to the All Star Game and broken it the day after that (July 1 and 2, respectively). The streak would end nine days after the All Star Game, when DiMaggio went hitless on July 17 against the Cleveland Indians.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Context & Aftermath
Ted Williams, whose batting average was at .405 at the time of the All Star Game, would even slightly improve on that hitting pace for the rest of the season and end the 1941 campaign at .406, making him the last hitter to reach the .400 mark for a season.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Context & Aftermath
The 1941 baseball season, of which the All Star Game marked the halfway point, took place right before the United States would enter World War II. The juxtaposition of that memorable season taking place with the war looming is illustrated in the book Baseball in ’41 by renowned sportswriter Robert Creamer. Although the Major League season and the World Series would continue to be played during the war years, the All Star Game was cancelled in 1945 due to war-time travel restrictions.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Context & Aftermath
The fact that Arky Vaughan was eventually denied the accolades of being the player of the game despite his two home runs can be seen as symbolic of his entire career: Despite arguably being the preeminent offensive shortstop of his time, hitting .300 or higher in 12 of his 14 Major League seasons, Vaughan wasn’t inducted into the Hall of Fame until 1985 (posthumously, by the Veterans Committee, nearly four decades after his last major league appearance) and is not remembered as vividly as many of the other stars of this era.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters
Players in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.


1941 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game, Umpires
The umpires changed assignments in the middle of the fifth inning – Summers and Pinelli swapped positions, also Jorda and Grieve swapped positions.


1941 Major League Baseball season
The 1941 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 14 to October 6, 1941. The Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees were the regular season champions of the National League and American League, respectively. The Yankees then defeated the Dodgers in the World Series, four games to one.


1941 Major League Baseball season
In addition to a five-game World Series between New York City teams, highlights of the season included Ted Williams batting .406, and Joe DiMaggio having a 56-game hitting streak; it has been called the "best baseball season ever".


1941 Manhattan Jaspers football team
The 1941 Manhattan Jaspers football team was an American football team that represented Manhattan College as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Herb Kopf, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record and was outscored by a total of 116 to 98.


1941 Manitoba general election
The 1941 Manitoba general election was held on April 22, 1941 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.


1941 Manitoba general election
This election was held shortly after the formation of a coalition government in December 1940. The coalition was created after the start of World War II, as a display of unity among the different parties in the legislature.


1941 Manitoba general election
Premier John Bracken's Liberal-Progressives were the dominant force in government, while the Conservative Party under Errick Willis held a secondary position. The smaller Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and Social Credit League were also included in the government, and had cabinet representation.


1941 Manitoba general election
The four coalition parties were the only legal political parties in Manitoba in 1941. The Communist Party had been declared illegal the previous year. Its only Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), James Litterick, had been expelled from the legislature and had gone into hiding.


1941 Manitoba general election
When the coalition was created, Independent MLA Lewis Stubbs was the only legislator who did not join the government side. He claimed that a healthy opposition was necessary in a parliamentary democracy, and rejected offers to join the government. Later, Social Credit MLA Salome Halldorson and Conservatives Huntly Ketchen and John Poole also crossed to the opposition. And more were be elected in the 1941 election.


1941 Manitoba general election
The coalition's victory was a foregone conclusion: in most constituencies, there were no anti-coalition candidates. The opposition came mostly from anti-coalition dissidents in the governing parties. These candidates did not run a coordinated campaign, and did not seriously threaten the government.


1941 Manitoba general election
The Social Credit League split before the election, and most of its candidates were opposed to the coalition. The party's most prominent MLAs, however, remained on the government side.


1941 Manitoba general election
In some constituencies, the coalition parties ran candidates against one other. This had little effect on the overall result, though it did influence the relative strength of the coalition partners after the election. In most instances, the incumbent candidates were re-elected. The CCF agreed to limit its challenges against incumbent members, although this courtesy was not always reciprocated by other parties.


1941 Manitoba general election
As expected, the coalition won a landslide victory. The government parties, along with pro-coalition independents, won 50 of the 55 seats in the legislature.


1941 Manitoba general election
The election confirmed the Liberal-Progressives and Conservatives as the dominant parties in government. The Liberal-Progressives increased their representation from 23 MLAs to 27, only two short of an overall majority. The Conservatives were not as successful, falling from 16 seats to 12. The party remained influential in cabinet, however, and its leadership remained committed to the coalition.


1941 Manitoba general election
For the CCF and Social Credit, the election was problematic. Many CCF members opposed the coalition, and due to the party's official support for the coalition the party had difficulty mobilizing its supporters to the voting booths. The CCF won only two seats in Winnipeg, and the Gimli constituency, for a total of three seats. John Queen, the CCF Mayor of Winnipeg, lost the legislative seat he had held since 1920.


1941 Manitoba general election
After this result, the CCF's tenure in government was brief. Farmer left the coalition ministry in late 1942, and the party formally voted to leave the coalition at its 1943 convention. Many CCF officials later described their period in the coalition as a disaster for the party.


1941 Manitoba general election
The result was also bad for Social Credit, which lost its internal cohesion during the campaign. All of the party's anti-coalition candidates were defeated, while three pro-government incumbents were re-elected. These MLAs effectively became an adjunct of the government, and did little in the way of promoting party policy. The Manitoba Social Credit League was marginalized in the 1940s, and did not become a functioning party again until 1953.


1941 Manitoba general election
Five anti-coalition MLAs were elected - three dissident Conservatives (one of whom later rejoined the government), Independent Lewis Stubbs, and Bill Kardash. Kardash, who ran as a "Worker's candidate", was widely known to be associated with the banned Communist Party. He did not proclaim this association openly, however, and was able to take his seat without a legal challenge. (He was re-elected under the label "Labor-Progressive Party" once being a Communist was no longer illegal.)


1941 Manitoba general election
Three Sound Money Economics System candidates also ran in Winnipeg. All fared poorly, and the group disappeared soon after the election.


1941 Manitoba general election, Riding results
According to the Winnipeg Free Press, Clarke defeated Hansford by 701 votes on the last count.


1941 Manitoba general election, Riding results
The Winnipeg Free Press gives the final count result as: Shannon 2284, McLeod 2238.


1941 Manitoba general election, Winnipeg
Nineteenth Count (Barry eliminated; Thorvaldson, Kardash, Krawchuk, Bardal, Farmer and Gray declared elected)


1941 Manitoba general election, Winnipeg
All ten seats are filled, with ten candidates declared elected.


1941 Manitoba general election, Winnipeg
(Only Bardal was not among the ten most-popular candidates in the First Count.)


1941 Manitoba general election, Sources
The first ballot results for Winnipeg and results for all other constituencies are taken from an official Manitoba government publication entitled "Manitoba elections, 1920-1941", cross-referenced with the 1942 Canadian Parliamentary Guide and the "Historical Statement of Votes" section of the 2003 provincial election report. Unfortunately, the second-ballot results are not listed in these sources.


1941 Manitoba general election, Sources
All ballot results for Winnipeg after the first count are taken from reports in the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper. It is possible that some errors appeared in the original publication.


1941 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
John Poole appears to have returned to the coalition shortly after the election. The CCF left the governing coalition in 1943.


1941 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
The Pas (res. John Bracken, January 15, 1943), August 17, 1943:


1941 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
Portage la Prairie (dec. Toby Sexsmith, 1943), November 18, 1943:


1941 Manitoba general election, Post-election changes
Dwight Johnson and Beresford Richards were expelled from the CCF caucus in 1945.


1941 Mansfield by-election
The Mansfield by-election, 1941 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Mansfield on 9 April 1941. The seat had become vacant when the Labour Member of Parliament Charles Brown had died on 22 December 1940. Brown had held the seat since the 1929 general election.


1941 Mansfield by-election
The Labour party selected as its candidate Bernard Taylor, who had been Brown's election agent since 1929. The parties in the war-time Coalition Government had agreed not to contest vacancies in seats held by other coalition parties, so Taylor was returned unopposed.


1941 Mansfield by-election
Taylor represented the constituency until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1966 general election. He was then made a life peer in the dissolution honours list.


1941 Marquette Hilltoppers football team
The 1941 Marquette Hilltoppers football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In its first season under head coach Thomas E. Stidham, the team compiled a 4–5 record and outscored opponents by a total of 162 to 151. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.


1941 Marquette Hilltoppers football team
Senior halfback Jimmy Richardson completed 58 of 91 passes during the 1941 season for a .637 completion percentage. His 58 completed passes was believed to be a new national record for passing efficiency, passing the previous record of .631 set by Oklahoma's Hugh McCullough in 1938.


1941 Marquette Hilltoppers football team
Marquette's October 25 game against Duquesne drew a crowd of more than 20,000 persons, at that time the largest crowd in Marquette Stadium history.


1941 Marshall Thundering Herd football team
The 1941 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Cam Henderson, the team compiled a 7–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 217 to 47. Jim Pearcy and Ed Ulinski were the team captains.


1941 Maryland Terrapins football team
The 1941 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1941 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jack Faber, the Terrapins compiled a 3–5–1 record (1–2 in conference), finished in 12th place in the Southern Conference, and outscored their opponents 196 to 49. The team played its home games at Old Byrd Stadium in College Park, Maryland (three games), and at Baltimore Stadium in Baltimore (three games).


1941 Massachusetts State Aggies football team
The 1941 Massachusetts State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Massachusetts State College as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In their first season under head coach Walter Hargesheimer, the Aggies compiled a 3–4–1 record. They played their home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts.


1941 Masters Tournament
The 1941 Masters Tournament was the eighth Masters Tournament, held April 3–6 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Craig Wood won his first major title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Byron Nelson.


1941 Masters Tournament
Wood opened with a 66 and led by five strokes after the first round. During the final round, Nelson caught him on the front nine and the two were briefly co-leaders. Wood scored a 34 (−2) over the final nine holes to secure the victory. The purse was $5,000 and the winner's share was $1,500.


1941 Masters Tournament
Wood, 39, led the entire tournament, the Masters' first wire-to-wire champion. He also won the next major, the 1941 U.S. Open. Prior to his win at the Masters, Wood had lost in a playoff (or extra holes) in all four of the modern major championships, a dubious distinction since matched by only one other, Greg Norman.


1941 Masters Tournament
Through 2019, there have been only five wire-to-wire champions; Wood was followed by Arnold Palmer (1960), Jack Nicklaus (1972), Raymond Floyd (1976), and Jordan Spieth (2015).


1941 Masters Tournament, Field
Jimmy Demaret (9), Ralph Guldahl (2,9,10,12), Byron Nelson (2,6,9,10,12), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6,9,10,12), Horton Smith (10)


1941 Masters Tournament, Field
Tommy Armour (4,6,10), Walter Hagen (4,6), Bobby Jones (3,4,5), Lawson Little (3,5,9,10), Tony Manero (9), Francis Ouimet (3,a), Sam Parks Jr. (10)


1941 Masters Tournament, Field
Johnny Bulla, Sammy Byrd, Harry Cooper, Ed Dudley (10), Jim Foulis (10), Willie Goggin, Jimmy Hines (10), Ben Hogan (10,12), Lloyd Mangrum (10), Jug McSpaden (10,12), Dick Metz (10), Toney Penna, Sam Snead (10,12), Frank Walsh (10), Al Watrous, Craig Wood (10)


1941 Masters Tournament, Field
Bruce Coltart, Vic Ghezzi, Andy Gibson, Jock Hutchison Jr., Gene Kunes, Ray Mangrum, Henry Ransom, Jack Ryan, Felix Serafin, Andrew Szwedko (a)


1941 Memorial Cup
The 1941 Memorial Cup final was the 23rd junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Montreal Royals of the Quebec Junior Hockey League in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Winnipeg Rangers of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-five series, held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec and at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Winnipeg won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Montreal 3 games to 2.


1941 Memorial Cup, Winning roster
Doug Baldwin, Bob Ballance, Bernie Bathgate, Tom Bredin, Sam Fabro, Earl Fast, Glen Harmon, Alan Hay, Bill Heindl, Les Hickey, Babe Hobday, Hib Macey, Lou Medynski, Hugh Millar, Bill Mortimer, Mike Peters, Bill Robinson, Hal Thompson. Coach: Baldy Northcott


1941 Memphis State Tigers football team
The 1941 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1941 college football season. In their third season under head coach Cecil C. Humphreys, Memphis State compiled a 6–3 record.


1941 Mercer Bears football team
The 1941 Mercer Bears football team was an American football team that represented Mercer University as a member of the Dixie Conference during the 1941 college football season. In their first year under head coach Bobby Hooks, the team compiled a 3–6 record.


1941 Mestaruussarja – Finnish League Championship
The 1941 season was the twelfth completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.


1941 Mestaruussarja – Finnish League Championship, Overview
The 1941 Mestaruussarja  was contested by 8 teams, with TPS Turku winning the championship. HT Helsinki and HPS Helsinki were relegated to the second tier which was known as the Suomensarja.