1935 Calgary municipal election
Calgary City Council governed under "Initiative, Referendum and Recall" which is composed of a Mayor, Commissioner and twelve Aldermen all elected to staggered two year terms. Mayor Andrew Davison and six Aldermen: Douglas Cunnington, Frank Roy Freeze, William Ayer Lincoln, Robert Henry Parkyn, and Aylmer John Eggert Liesemer elected in 1934 continued in their positions.


1935 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for candidates being two years.


1935 Calgary municipal election, Background
W. R. Herbert contested the Mayor's seat for the Social Credit Party, which successfully swept the Legislative Assembly months earlier in the 1935 Alberta general election. Social Credit Premier William Aberhart had previously stated that he did not favour the Social Credit party entering municipal politics. During the campaign it came to light that Herbert's business "Herbert Pain and Varnish Co., Ltd." was in three years in arrears for business tax and water service, however, Herbert was not disqualified.


1935 Calgary municipal election, Background
Alderman Fred J. White resigned halfway through his two-year term to content the Mayor's seat.


1935 California Golden Bears football team
The 1935 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1935 college football season. In their first year under head coach Stub Allison, the team compiled a 9–1 record (4–1 against PCC opponents), finished in a tie for the PCC championship, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 163 to 22.


1935 Cambridge University by-election
The Cambridge University by-election of 1935 was held on 23 February 1935. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Godfrey Wilson. It was won by the unopposed Conservative candidate Kenneth Pickthorn.


1935 Campeonato Carioca
In the 1935 season of the Campeonato Carioca, two championships were disputed, each by a different league.


1935 Campeonato Carioca, FMD Championship
At the end of 1934, Vasco da Gama had a falling out with LCF, along with São Cristóvão and Bangu, and after talks with Botafogo, formed a new league; FMD (Federação Metropolitana de Desportos, or Metropolitan Sports Federation), comprising the three former LCF members and many of the members of AMEA, which ceased to exist as a result.


1935 Campeonato Carioca, FMD Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by FMD kicked off on May 12, 1935 and ended on January 26, 1936. Nine teams participated. However, SC Brasil, under financial trouble, withdrew after losing its first five matches, and on the last rounds of the championship, Carioca, after abandoning the pitch twice, was fined two contos de réis and abandoned the league after that as well. As a consequence, Carioca would be barred from disputing the FMD championship in the next year and would only return in 1937. Botafogo won the championship for the 8th time. no teams were relegated.


1935 Campeonato Carioca, FMD Championship, System
The tournament would be disputed in a triple round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1935 Campeonato Carioca, LCF Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by LCF (Liga Carioca de Football, or Carioca Football League) kicked off on July 21, 1935 and ended on November 10, 1935. Although LCF had lost half of its members, after AMEA's closure, Portuguesa joined LCF, bringing its membership to five teams. The championship now would be among league members and the winner of the previous year's Subliga Carioca de Football, Modesto, as a guest. América won the championship for the 6th time. no teams were relegated.


1935 Campeonato Carioca, LCF Championship, System
The tournament would be disputed in a triple round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1935 Campeonato Paulista
The 1935 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão was the 34th season of São Paulo's top association football league. Two championships were disputed that season, each by a different league.


1935 Campeonato Paulista, LPF Championship
In the edition organized by the LPF (Liga Paulista de Futebol), Santos won the title for the 1st time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Corinthians's Teleco with 9 goals.


1935 Campeonato Paulista, LPF Championship, System
The championship was disputed in a double round-robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1935 Campeonato Paulista, APEA Championship
In the edition organized by the APEA (Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos), Portuguesa won the title for the 1st time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Ypiranga's Figueiredo with 19 goals.


1935 Campeonato Paulista, APEA Championship, System
The championship was disputed in a double round-robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1935 Canadian banknote series
The 1935 Canadian banknote series is the first series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar issued by the Bank of Canada. They were first circulated on 11 March 1935, the same day that the Bank of Canada officially started operating. Two sets of banknotes were printed for each denomination, one in French for Quebec, and one in English for the rest of Canada. This is the only series issued by the Bank of Canada with dual unilingual banknotes. This series was followed by the 1937 Canadian banknote series.


1935 Canadian banknote series
The Bank of Canada issued a press release in February 1935 announcing details of the banknotes to "prevent possible confusion" amongst the public and as a protective measure against counterfeiting. The Bank of Canada Act which had established the Bank of Canada also resulted in the repeal of the Finance Act and the Dominion Notes Act. With the introduction of the 1935 Series into circulation, the Dominion of Canada banknotes were withdrawn from circulation by the Bank of Canada from 1935 to 1950, which also replaced the Department of Finance as the nation's exclusive issuer of banknotes.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes
The Government of Canada intended to release the banknotes on the same day as the official opening of the Bank of Canada. It required months of work and preparation for the design, approval, and production of the banknote series. Designs for the banknotes were created by the Canadian Bank Note Company (CBN) and the British American Bank Note Company (BABN, now BA International), both of which had designed and printed the preceding Dominion of Canada banknotes.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes
All but the commemorative $25 banknote began circulating on 11 March 1935, the same day that the Bank of Canada officially started operating. All banknotes contained the words "Ottawa, Issue of 1935" centrally at the top of the obverse, except for the $20 banknote, in which the words appeared below the serial number. This is the only Bank of Canada series that includes $25 and $500 banknotes, and the only series that includes the official seal of the Bank of Canada. The $500 banknote was a "carry-over from Dominion of Canada bank notes", and is the only Bank of Canada banknote series to include this denomination.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes
Other than the language in which they were printed, the English and French banknotes were the same. In May 1935, deputy governor of the Bank of Canada John Osborne wrote a letter to a colleague in England in which he stated that "the English-speaking population is inclined to mutilate the French notes, and the French population complains they cannot get enough of their own notes".


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes
All banknotes in the series measure 152.4 by 73.025 millimetres (6.000 by 2.875 in), slightly shorter and wider than the 1914, 1918, 1928, and 1934 Federal Reserve Notes in circulation in the United States at the time,  and were described by The Ottawa Evening Citizen as a "novelty to Canada". They were printed on a material consisting of 75% linen and 25% cotton manufactured by the Howard Smith Paper Mills (now Domtar).


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes
The banknotes were printed in greater variation of colour than the Dominion of Canada banknotes that had been previously issued. These were green for the $1 banknote, blue for the $2 banknote, orange for the $5 banknote, dark purple for the $10 banknote, rose for the $20 banknote, reddish brown for the $50 banknote, dark brown for the $100 banknote, sepia for the $500 banknote, and olive for the $1000 banknote.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes
In April 1935, an article in The St. Maurice Valley Chronicle of Trois-Rivières stated that the appearance of the obverse of the $1 and $2 banknotes were too similar, particularly the green hue of the $1 banknote and the blue hue of the $2 banknote. It stated that the colours of the reverse were more distinct, but could be "confused in artificial light". The same article stated that the similarity between the English and French versions of the banknotes was a positive feature. For the 1937 Series banknotes, the Bank of Canada would change the colour of the $2 banknote to terracotta red to address the issue.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes
The design of the banknotes was in a similar formal baroque style of the earlier Dominion of Canada banknotes, with wide variation between the denominations in the series. The central numerals on the obverse of each denomination have a distinct background design, each with a portrait to the left. The corner numerals and decoration are also different for each banknote denomination.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes, Portraits
The royal portraits used for the engravings were based on older photographs of each member of the royal family, who were said to "appear younger than their years on the new notes". Depicted on the $1 banknote was George V. The portrait and design was approved by Edgar Nelson Rhodes on 10 May 1934.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes, Portraits
Queen Mary appeared on the $2 banknote, her portrait based on a photograph by Hay Wrighton that was engraved by Will Ford of the American Bank Note Company (ABN) and master engraver Harry P. Dawson of the BABN. The portrait of Edward, Prince of Wales wearing a colonel's uniform on the $5 banknote was based on a Department of External Affairs photograph taken by British photographer Vandyke and engraved by Dawson. On the $10 banknote was a portrait of Princess Mary based on a photograph by official British Royal Family photographer Richard Speaight and engraved by Dawson.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes, Portraits
Princess Elizabeth at the age of 8 appears on the $20 banknote, the portrait based on a Marcus Adams photograph from 1934 for which an engraving was created by master engraver Edwin Gunn of ABN. The portrait of Prince Albert, Duke of York wearing an admiral's uniform on the $50 banknote was based on a photograph taken by Bertram Park, for which an engraving was made by Robert Savage of ABN. It was subsequently used on six of the banknotes of the 1937 Series. The $100 banknote includes a portrait of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester wearing the captain's uniform of the 10th Royal Hussars based on a photograph by Vandyke for which Ford created an engraving.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes, Portraits
The portrait of John A. Macdonald wearing a fur-collared coat and engraved by Ford is on the $500 banknote (and was also used on the $100 banknote of the 1937 Series banknotes), and a Gunn engraving of Wilfrid Laurier wearing a Prince Albert coat is the portrait on the $1000 banknote.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes, Allegories
Each denomination had a reverse depicting an allegorical figure, the framing of which was different for each denomination. Agriculture was depicted on the $1 banknote based on a painting by Alonzo Foringer of ABN, based on an engraving made by Will Jung. A transportation allegory featuring the Roman mythological figure Mercury created by BABNC artists was on the $2 banknote, electric power generation engraved by Dawson on the $5 banknote, and of harvest engraved by Dawson on the $10 banknote. The $20 bank note, also based on a painting by Alonzo Foringer of ABN, shows two allegorical figures representing toil.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes, Allegories
An allegory of modern inventions is on the $50 banknote, and commerce and industry is on the $100 banknote. The fertility allegory on the $500 banknote was based on another painting by Foringer. The allegorical figure of security on the $1000 banknote was previously used on a 1917 issue of Russian bonds.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Banknotes, Commemorative $25 banknote
On 6 May 1935, the Bank of Canada issued a $25 banknote to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of the accession of George V to the throne. It was a royal purple banknote with the portraits of King George V and Queen Mary on the obverse engraved by Ford and Gunn, and a scene depicting Windsor Castle on the reverse engraved by Louis Delmoce of ABN. It was the first commemorative banknote issued by the Bank of Canada.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Printing
All printings of each denomination of the banknote series were signed by Graham Towers, the Governor of the Bank of Canada, and J.A.C. Osborne, the deputy governor. The English banknotes had serial numbers starting with the letter A, and the French banknotes had serial numbers starting with the letter F.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Printing
The Canadian Bank Note Company printed the $1 (series A and F), $20 (series A and F), $50 (series A and F), $100 (series A and F), $500 (series A and F), and $1000 (series A and F) banknotes, and the commemorative $25 banknote. The British American Bank Note Company printed the $2 (series A and F), $5 (series A and F), and $10 (series A and F) banknotes.


1935 Canadian banknote series, Collecting
As of 2009, for a banknote graded as "very fine" a collector could expect to pay about US$1,600 for the commemorative $25 banknote, US$1,150 for the $50 banknote, US$750 for the $20 banknote, US$150 for the $10 banknote, and US$50 for the $1 banknote.


1935 Canadian federal election
The 1935 Canadian federal election was held on October 14, 1935. to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 18th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of William Lyon Mackenzie King won a majority government, defeating Prime Minister R. B. Bennett's Conservatives.


1935 Canadian federal election
The central issue was the economy, which was still in the depths of the Great Depression. Bennett, in office since the 1930 election, had done little to stimulate the economy during his first few years, believing that a policy of high tariffs and trade within the British Empire would correct the depression. In the last months of his time in office, he reversed his position, however, copying the popular New Deal of Franklin Roosevelt in the United States. Upset about high unemployment and inaction by the federal government, voters were unwilling to allow the Conservatives to continue to govern, despite their change of policy.


1935 Canadian federal election
The Conservatives were also suffering severe internal divisions. During his first years in office, Bennett had alienated those in his party who supported intervention in the economy. His last minute conversion to interventionism alienated the rest of the party. Former cabinet minister H.H. Stevens left to form the Reconstruction Party. Senior minister Sir Joseph Flavelle announced he would be supporting the Liberals.


1935 Canadian federal election
Voters opted for Mackenzie King's promise of mild reforms to restore economic health. The Liberals crushed the Tories, winning 171 seats to the Conservatives' 39, the worst ever performance by the Tories until their collapse in 1993. The Liberal Party would continue to hold power until 1957.


1935 Canadian federal election
The 1935 election was also important in it saw the final demise of the Progressive Party and the United Farmers of Alberta. Two new movements rose out of the west, however. The new Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, a social democratic party, first competed in this election and won seven seats, promising social reform.


1935 Canadian federal election
The Social Credit Party of Canada was even more successful, capturing seventeen seats on its platform of monetary reform despite winning less of the popular vote than the former. Fifteen of these seats were in Alberta, where the party dominated after having swept to power in a landslide less than two months before the federal vote.


1935 Canadian federal election, National results
* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1935 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs season
The 1935 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs season was the 1st in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing 8th for the season.


1935 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team
The 1935 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team represented the Carnegie Institute of Technology during the 1935 college football season. The head coach was Howard Harpster, coaching his third season with the team.


1935 Catholic University Cardinals football team
The 1935 Catholic University Cardinals football team represented the Catholic University of America during the 1935 college football season. The Cardinals were led by Dutch Bergman, compiled an 8–1 record, shut out three opponents, and outscored their opponents by a total of 140 to 53. The Cardinals were invited to the Orange Bowl, their first of two major bowl games, where they defeated Ole Miss, 20–19.


1935 Centenary 300
The 1935 Centenary 300 was a motor race staged at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 1 January 1935. It was contested over 46 laps of the 6.569 mile course, a total distance of 302.174 miles. At the time, it was claimed to be the longest race of the kind ever held in Australia. The race, which was conducted on a handicap basis, was limited to cars with a piston displacement of not more than 2500cc. The race meeting was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia and was held under licence from the Australian Automobile Association and in accordance with the International Sporting Code governing car racing.


1935 Centenary 300
The race was won by Les Murphy driving an MG P.


1935 Centenary 300, Results, Notes
The car driven by Campbell Graham crashed on the 34th lap of the race. Both Graham and his riding mechanic John Peters died as a result of their injuries.


1935 Centenary Gentlemen football team
The 1935 Centenary Gentlemen football team was an American football team that represented the Centenary College of Louisiana as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1935 college football season. In their second year under head coach Curtis Parker, the team compiled a 6–5 record.


1935 Central American and Caribbean Games
The 3rd Central American and Caribbean Games (Spanish: III Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe) were held in San Salvador, El Salvador, from 16 March to 5 April 1935. The games featured 741 athletes from nine nations which competed in fourteen sports.


1935 Central State Bearcats football team
The 1935 Central State Bearcats football team represented Central State Teachers College, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In their second season under head coach Alex Yunevich, the Bearcats compiled a 1–6 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 101 to 32. The team's only win was by a 19–0 score over Assumption College from Windsor, Ontario. The worst defeat was by a 43–0 score against Gus Dorais' 1935 Detroit Titans football team


1935 Chatham Cup
The 1935 Chatham Cup was the 13th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1935 Chatham Cup
The competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds.


1935 Chatham Cup
Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Ponsonby, Hamilton Wanderers, Western (Christchurch), and Hospital (Wellington).


1935 Chatham Cup, The 1935 final
In the final, in front of a crowd of around 5,500, Hospital scored after just nine minutes through W. McGrory and Billy Woods added a second for a half-time lead of two goals to nil. A third was added from the penalty spot by A. Gibb midway through the second half. Hospital conceded a late consolation goal from Merv Gordon. The referee, W.P. Smith of Otago, was the first non-Wellingtonian to control a final.


1935 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1935 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) in the Dixie Conference during the 1935 college football season. In its fifth year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 4–3–1 record.


1935 Chicago Bears season
The 1935 season was the Chicago Bears' 16th in the National Football League and 13th season under head coach George Halas. The team was unable to match on their 13–0 record from 1934 and finished with a 6–4–2 record and finishing in a tie for third (and last) place in the Western Division, and failed to return to the championship game.


1935 Chicago Bears season
The Bears had little trouble with the weaker teams in the league, led the league in scoring, and occasionally showed signs of brilliance against top-flight competition, but for the most part, they were outclassed by the Lions, Packers, and Giants. The biggest problem was the veterans from the 1920s had largely retired or were past their prime but not enough young talent had emerged to offset these losses. In particular, the retirement of Link Lyman and Red Grange hurt the team, especially on defense. Additionally, Bronko Nagurski and Bill Hewitt were injured for large portions of the season and could not play to their normal level.


1935 Chicago Bears season, Season highlights
Keith Molesworth was the brightest spot on offense and was a triple threat from the halfback position. Bernie Masterson ran the T-formation adequately but was not particularly accurate as a passer. Luke Johnsos was the most reliable end and led the team in receptions. Gene Ronzani led the club in rushing, but Feathers, Molesworth, and Manders shared rushing duties. Manders had a subpar year as a kicker, making only 1 of 8 field goals.


1935 Chicago Bears season, Season highlights
The Bears lost to Green Bay twice, to Detroit once (tying the Lions in the other game), split the series with New  York, and beat the Redskins in their only meeting. After a 5–2 start, the Bears faded in the end, winning only 1 of their last 5 games, with one tie. Of note, every other team in the NFL ran either the Single Wing or the A Formation (a variant of the Single Wing run only by the Giants), but the Bears still used the T formation.


1935 Chicago Bears season, Season highlights
Many today falsely believe the Bears of the 1940s "invented" the modern T and then everyone adopted it. The truth is everyone ran the T when the league began in 1920. All the other teams switched to the Single Wing after it was perfected in the college game. Meanwhile, coach George Halas and his assistants perfected the T, which they never changed from, and other teams switched back from the Single Wing only after the Bears of the 1940s demonstrated the T's superiority.


1935 Chicago Bears season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1935 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1935 Chicago Cardinals season was their 16th in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 5–6, winning six games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 10th consecutive season.


1935 Chicago Cardinals season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1935 Chicago Cubs season
The 1935 Chicago Cubs season was the 64th season for the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 60th in the National League and the 20th at Wrigley Field. The season saw the Cubs finish with 100 wins for the first time in 25 years; they would not win 100 games in another season until 2016. The Cubs won their 14th National League pennant in team history and faced the Detroit Tigers in the World Series, but lost in six games.


1935 Chicago Cubs season
The 1935 season is largely remembered for the Cubs' 21-game winning streak. The streak began on September 4 with the Cubs 2.5 games out of first place. They would not lose again until September 28. The streak propelled the Cubs to the National League pennant. The 21-game winning streak tied the franchise and major league record set in 1880 when they were known as the Chicago White Stockings.


1935 Chicago Cubs season, Regular season
Gabby Hartnett was the first National League catcher to win the MVP Award.


1935 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1935 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago in the Big Ten Conference (Big Ten) during the 1935 college football season. In their third season under head coach Clark Shaughnessy, the Maroons compiled a 4–4 record (2–3 against Big Ten opponents), finished in sixth place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 110 to 102.


1935 Chicago Maroons football team
In December 1935, Chicago halfback Jay Berwanger became the first recipient of a trophy from the Downtown Athletic Club intended to honor "the most valuable player east of the Mississippi." John Heisman was then the club's athletic director, and after Heisman's death in October 1936 the trophy was expanded to become a national honor and named the Heisman Trophy.


1935 Chicago Maroons football team, NFL Draft
One Maroon player was drafted as part of the inaugural NFL draft following the season.


1935 Chicago White Sox season
The 1935 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 35th season in the major leagues, and its 36th season overall. They finished with a record 74–78, good enough for 5th place in the American League, 19.5 games behind the first place Detroit Tigers.


1935 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Chicago mayoral election
In the Chicago mayoral election of 1935, incumbent Edward J. Kelly (who had been appointed to office of mayor after the assassination of Anton Cermak) defeated Republican Emil C. Wetten and independent candidate Newton Jenkins by a landslide 60% margin of victory.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary
Interim mayor Edward J. Kelly ran for election to a full first term. He had been appointed as interim mayor by the Chicago City Council following the death in office of Anton Cermak and subsequent resignation of acting mayor Frank J. Corr.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary, Results
Despite a blizzard, a substantial number of Chicago voters participated in the Democratic mayoral primary. Edward J. Kelly won what was the greatest plurality ever in a Chicago mayoral primary.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
The Republican primary was won by Emil C. Wetten. Wetten was an attorney that had served in such roles as the city's  First Assistant Corporation Counsel.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
Mortimer B. Flynn had been president of the Pottinger-Flynn Coal Company.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
Unsuccessful candidate Grace A. Gray was the first woman ever to file as a candidate for mayor of Chicago.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary
The primary illustrated a collapse in Chicagoans' support for the Republican Party. In the previous election, more than five times as many voters had participated in the Republican primary.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Independent candidate
Newton Jenkins, an attorney, ran as an independent candidate. Jenkins promoted himself as a "progressive" candidate.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Independent candidate
Jenkins had run for office before. He first ran for alderman of the 27th Ward in 1920. He ran in the Republican primary of the 1924 United States Senate election in Illinois on a Robert La Follette-aligned platform. During the 1930 Illinois U.S. Senate race he had been one of several candidates challenging incumbent Charles S. Deneen for the Republican Party nomination. Ultimately, Ruth Hanna McCormick had received the Republican nomination. He again ran unsuccessfully in the Republican primary of the 1932 United States Senate election in Illinois.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Independent candidate
Jenkins' run was supported by the Third Party, an effort to create a new party. The party claimed itself to be spun-off from the progressive Republican movement. The party, which intended to use "U.S., Unite" as its national slogan and utilize the buffalo as its mascot, sought to use Jenkins' candidacy as a national launchpad for the party. This effort ultimately evolved into the short-lived Union Party, on which party line Jenkins would go on to run unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate in 1936.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, General election
Wetten framed his campaign against Kelly as a campaign against machine politics. Wetten was a rather weak opponent.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results
Kelly received 84.84% of the Polish-American vote, while Wetten received 8.08%.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Aftermath
Kelly would go on to win reelection twice. In 1947, he would forgo seeking a fourth term after being urged to step aside by the Cook County Democratic Party, which had been concerned about the prospect of Kelly losing a general election due to scandals which had plagued him during his fourteen years as mayor.


1935 Chicago mayoral election, Aftermath
This was the first Chicago mayoral election won by a candidate hailing from the Bridgeport neighborhood of Chicago. Over the subsequent decades, Bridgeport would come to generate several additional mayors, with Martin Kennelly, Richard J. Daley, Michael A. Bilandic, and Richard M. Daley all hailing from the neighborhood.


1935 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1935 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1935 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1935. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.


1935 Chico State Wildcats football team
The 1935 Wildcats were led by head coach Art Acker in his 13th year. Chico State finished the season with a record of two wins, five losses and one tie (2–5–1, 0–4 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 54–94 for the season.


1935 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL
No Chico State players were selected in the 1936 NFL Draft.


1935 Christchurch mayoral election
The 1935 Christchurch City mayoral election was held on 8 May. The incumbent, Dan Sullivan of the Labour Party narrowly beat the conservative candidate, Hugh Acland, a surgeon and World War I veteran. The election attracted nationwide attention, as Christchurch was a Labour-stronghold and due to Acland's widespread popularity, it was regarded as a test whether Labour could potentially win the November 1935 general election.


1935 Christchurch mayoral election, Background
In 1935, the voting system returned to the initially used first-past-the-post after a ranked voting system had been tried for some years. The country experienced the Great Depression at the time, with high unemployment. Sullivan had been the city's mayor since 1931, when he beat William Hayward.


1935 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates
Dan Sullivan was first elected to Christchurch City Council in 1915. He had first stood for the House of Representatives in the 1908 election and in 1919, he decisively beat the Minister of Public Health, George Warren Russell, in the wake of the 1918 flu epidemic. Since then, Sullivan had been representing the Avon electorate. Sullivan stood for mayor in 1923 but was beaten by James Arthur Flesher. A Labour Party politician, he was regarded as a moderate.


1935 Christchurch mayoral election, Candidates
Sir Hugh Acland was from a prominent Canterbury family. The youngest of John Acland's 11 children, he was a grandson of Christchurch's first bishop, Henry Harper. John Acland was a member of the Legislative Council for a third of a century. Just prior to the election, the engagement of his son Jack was announced to Kit Ormond; her family was equally prominent in New Zealand, and her grandfather, John Davies Ormond, had been  Superintendent of Hawke's Bay Province. Hugh Acland was a prominent surgeon who served with the New Zealand Medical Corps during World War I. Acland was knighted in the 1933 Birthday Honours for services to medicine. Acland stood in the election for the conservative Citizens' Association.


1935 Christchurch mayoral election, Campaign
Sullivan's selection for the 1935 mayoralty election was announced on 1 February. John Beanland and Ernest Andrews were rumoured as possible candidates for the Citizens' Association, but Acland's candidacy was announced on 25 February.


1935 Christchurch mayoral election, Results
Sullivan beat Acland by a small margin, with the election resulting in a record turnout. There were significant differences between the preliminary results released on the evening of the election, and the final results three days later.


1935 Christchurch mayoral election, Aftermath
The Labour Party won the November 1935 general election and Sullivan was appointed cabinet minister. Sullivan reluctantly resigned from the mayoralty in February 1936, as the heavy workload of a cabinet minister was incompatible with remaining mayor. The resulting by-election on 11 March 1936 was narrowly won by the deputy-mayor, John Beanland, who represented the Citizens' Association. Beanland beat Labour's candidate, John Archer who had previously been mayor from 1925 to 1931.


1935 Cincinnati Bearcats football team
The 1935 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as a member of the Buckeye Athletic Association during the 1935 college football season. In their first season under head coach Russ Cohen, the Bearcats compiled a 7–2 record.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1935 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the National League with a record of 68–85, 31½ games behind the Chicago Cubs. The highlight of the season was the first night game in Major League baseball history when the Reds behind the arm of Paul Derringer prevailed over the Philadelphia Phillies 2-1 under the lights at Crosley Field in Cincinnati.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
On November 3, the Reds purchased two players from the St. Louis Cardinals. The team purchased outfielder Ival Goodman for $25,000 and third baseman Lew Riggs for $30,000. Goodman had not yet reached the major leagues, as he spent the 1934 season with the Cardinals AA affiliate, the Rochester Red Wings of the International League. With the Red Wings, Goodman hit .331 with 19 home runs in 140 games. Riggs did appear in two games with St. Louis in 1934, however, he spent most of the season with the Columbus Red Birds of the American Association, where he batted .277 with 11 home runs in 148 games.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
Later in the month, on November 22, Cincinnati purchased pitcher Danny MacFayden from the New York Yankees. MacFayden had a 4-3 record with a 4.50 ERA in 22 games with the Yankees, making 11 starts. In 1929, when he pitched for the Boston Red Sox, MacFayden led the American League with four shutouts.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
In December, the Reds made some more moves. On the 13th, Cincinnati purchased first baseman Johnny Mize from the St. Louis Cardinals. Mize hit .339 with 17 home runs with the Rochester Red Wings.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
The next day, on December 14, the club traded infielder Mark Koenig and pitcher Allyn Stout to the New York Giants in exchange for shortstop Billy Myers and cash. Myers hit .313 and 10 home runs with the St. Louis Cardinals affiliate, the Columbus Red Birds during the 1934 season.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
On December 19, the Reds purchased outfielder Samuel Byrd from the New York Yankees. Byrd hit .246 with three home runs and 23 RBI in 106 games in 1934.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
Early in 1935, Cincinnati acquired shortstop Eddie Miller from the Springfield Pirates of the Middle Atlantic League. Miller hit .286 with three home runs in 122 games as a 17 year old with the club in 1934.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Off-season
In mid-April, one day before the regular season started, the Reds returned first baseman Johnny Mize to the St. Louis Cardinals after he suffered a groin injury, nullifying the trade.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
The rebuilding Reds started the season with a .500 record in April, going 7-7 and sitting in fourth place, 2.5 games behind the first place Brooklyn Dodgers. Late in the month, Cincinnati purchased infielder Billy Sullivan from the St. Paul Saints of the American Association. Sullivan had last played in the major leagues in 1933 with the Chicago White Sox, where he hit .192 in 54 games.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
In May, the club struggled, earning a record of 3-9 to begin the month, dropping their overall to 10-16 and into sixth place, eight games behind the pennant leading New York Giants. Cincinnati rebounded from their slump, winning six games in a row to even their record at 16-16. During their winning streak, on May 24, the Reds hosted the Brooklyn Dodgers in what was the first night game in Major League history. In front of a crowd of 20,422 fans, the Reds defeated the Dodgers 2-1.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Following their six game winning streak, the Reds won only one of their next 11 games, dropping to 17-26 and back into sixth place, 13.5 games behind the Giants. During the month of June, Cincinnati returned pitcher Danny MacFayden to the New York Yankees and sold little used infielder Tony Piet to the Chicago White Sox. Later in the month, the club purchased pitcher Emmett Nelson from the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League. Nelson had a record of 11-5 with an ERA of 3.12 in 20 games with the Angels. Cincinnati also purchased outfielder Babe Herman from the Pittsburgh Pirates. Herman, who played with the Reds in 1932, had a .235 average and seven runs batted in with Pittsburgh in 1935.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
On July 5, the Reds signed free agent outfielder Kiki Cuyler. Cuyler began the 1935 season with the Chicago Cubs, hitting .268 with four home runs and 18 RBI in 45 games. While with the Cubs, Cuyler led the NL in stolen bases for three consecutive seasons, from 1928–30, and in 1934, he led the league with 42 doubles. Earlier in his career, while with the Pittsburgh Pirates, Cuyler led the NL with 26 triples and 144 runs in 1925, followed by leading the league in runs again in 1926 with 113 and in stolen bases with 35.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
During July and August, the Reds continued to struggle for victories, as by the end of August, the club had a record of 54-73 and was in seventh place, 25 games behind the pennant leading St. Louis Cardinals.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Cincinnati had a strong September, winning 14 of 26 games to close out the season, finishing the year with a 68-85 record. This marked the Reds seventh consecutive under .500 season, and eighth in the past nine seasons. Cincinnati finished the season in sixth place, 31.5 games behind the pennant winning Chicago Cubs. This marked the first time the Reds finished out of last place since 1930. The Reds 68 victories was their highest total since winning 78 games in 1928. With the popularity of night games, Reds attendance more than doubled from the 1934 season, as the club drew 448,247 fans during 1935. This was the highest attendance since drawing 490,490 fans in 1928.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Catcher Ernie Lombardi led the club with a .343 batting average, while hitting 12 home runs and 64 RBI in 120 games. Lombardi struck out only six times in 332 at-bats. Outfielder Ival Goodman batted .269, while leading the Reds with 159 hits and 72 RBI, and tying Lombardi for the team lead with 12 home runs, in 148 games. Outfielder Babe Herman hit .335 with 10 home runs and 58 RBI in 92 games with the club following his acquisition during the season.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season
Paul Derringer anchored the Reds pitching staff, leading the club with a 22-13 record and a 3.51 ERA in 45 games, throwing 20 complete games, while striking out 120 batters. Rookie Gene Schott was 8-11 with a 3.91 ERA in 33 games, while another rookie, Al Hollingsworth, posted a record of 6-13 with a 3.89 ERA in 38 games.


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 City of London by-election
The City of London by-election of 1935 was held on 26 June 1935. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Grenfell being raised to the peerage as Baron St Just. It was won by the Conservative candidate Alan Anderson.


1935 Claxton Shield
The 1935 Claxton Shield was the second annual Claxton Shield, an Australian national baseball tournament. It was held at the Albert Ground and the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne from 3 to 10 August, and was won by South Australia for the second time in a row. The other participating teams were New South Wales and hosts Victoria.


1935 Claxton Shield, Format
As had been the case in the 1934 tournament, each team met each other team twice over the course of the week. In each game, two competition points were on offer to the teams. The points were awarded as follows:


1935 Claxton Shield, Format
At the end of the tournament, the team with the most points was declared the winner, and awarded the Claxton Shield. Had there been a tie between New South Wales and Victoria for first place, they would have been declared joint winners. However had South Australia been involved in a tie for first, they would have retained the Shield.


1935 Clemson Tigers football team
The 1935 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Southern Conference during the 1935 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jess Neely, the Tigers compiled a 6–3 record (2–1 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 147 to 99.


1935 Clemson Tigers football team
Henry Shore was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included tailback Joe Berry with 422 passing yards and 457 rushing yards and fullback Mac Folger with 36 points scored (6 touchdowns).


1935 Clemson Tigers football team
Two Clemson players were selected as first-team players on the 1937 All-Southern Conference football team: tackle Tom Brown and guard Clarence Inabinet.


1935 Cleveland Indians season
The 1935 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished in 3rd place, 12 games behind league champion Detroit.


1935 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1935 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1935 Cleveland mayoral election
The Cleveland mayoral election of 1935 saw Harold Hitz Burton defeat former mayor  Ray T. Miller.


1935 Cochinchinese parliamentary election
Colonial Council elections were held in French Cochinchina on 3 March 1935.


1935 Cochinchinese parliamentary election, Electoral system
The 24 members of the Colonial Council consisted of ten members elected by French citizens, ten by Vietnamese who were classed as French subjects, two by the Chamber of Commerce and two by the Chamber of Agriculture.


1935 Cochinchinese parliamentary election, Results
Amongst the Vietnamese electorate, the La Lutte group received 17% of the vote, although they failed to win a seat.


1935 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The 1935 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Andrew Kerr, the team compiled a 7–3 record, shut out seven of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 224 to 29. Charles Wasicek was the team captain.


1935 Colgate Red Raiders football team
On October 5, 1935, Colgate played a unique "triangular" match against St. Lawrence and Amherst. Each team played 30 minutes against the other two teams. Colgate won both of its games.


1935 Colgate Red Raiders football team
The team played its home games on Whitnall Field in Hamilton, New York.


1935 College Football All-America Team
The 1935 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1935. The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1935 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the United Press (UP), (4) the All-America Board (AAB), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) Liberty magazine, (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (8) the North American Newspaper Alliance (NANA), and (9) the Sporting News (SN).


1935 College Football All-America Team
Jay Berwanger of Chicago was one of two unanimous All-American selections. Berwanger was also the first recipient of the Heisman Trophy and the first player selected in the first NFL Draft.


1935 College Football All-America Team
Bobby Grayson of Stanford was the other unanimous All-American. He was one of Stanford's "Vow Boys," a group of freshmen players who vowed after a 1932 loss to the University of Southern California that they would never lose to the Trojans when they made the varsity team. The group kept their promise, defeating USC three straight years and becoming the first team in college football history to play in three consecutive Rose Bowl games. Other "Vow Boys" who made the 1935 All-American team include Monk Moscrip and Bob Reynolds.


1935 College Football All-America Team
Bob Wilson of SMU received eight official first-team designations, and Jac Weller of Princeton received seven. The 1935 All-Americans also included two players who went on to Hall of Fame careers as coaches. Bear Bryant was named a third-team All-American at the end position by the NEA, and Bud Wilkinson of the University of Minnesota was named a second-team All-American by the UP and a third-team selection by the NEA and the Central Press Association.


1935 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans
For the year 1935, the NCAA recognizes nine published All-American teams as "official" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.


1935 Colombian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Colombia on 26 May 1935 to elect the Chamber of Representatives. The Liberal Party received the most votes.


1935 Colorado A&M Aggies football team
The 1935 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado Agricultural College (now known as Colorado State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1935 college football season. In their 25th season under head coach Harry W. Hughes, the Aggies compiled a 3–4–1 record (2–4–1 against RMC opponents), finished ninth in the RMC, and were outscored by a total of 75 to 58.


1935 Colorado Buffaloes football team
The 1935 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado as a member of the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1935 college football season. In its first season under head coach Bunny Oakes, the team compiled a 5–4 record (5–1 against RMC opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 140 to 47.


1935 Colorado Buffaloes football team
Quarterback Kayo Lam led the team with 1,043 rushing yards and 286 passing yards. Lam was also the team's punter and punter. He averaged 40.2 yards on 32 punts and 19.4 yard on 25 returns. On October 19, 1935, Lam rushed 226 yards and four touchdowns on only seven carries for a school record 32.29 yards per carry.


1935 Columbia Lions football team
The 1935 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Lou Little, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record and was outscored by a total of 115 to 86. The team played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan.


1935 Combined Scottish Universities by-election
The Combined Scottish Universities by-election, 1935 was a by-election held from 17 to 22 June 1935 for the Combined Scottish Universities, a university constituency of the British House of Commons.


1935 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Vacancy
The seat had become vacant when the sitting Unionist Member of Parliament (MP), John Buchan had resigned his seat when he was appointed as Governor General of Canada. He had held the seat since a by-election in April 1927.


1935 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Candidates
The Unionist candidate was 55-year-old John Graham Kerr, Regius Professor of Zoology at the University of Glasgow. The Labour Party candidate was the novelist and poet Naomi Mitchison. There was no Liberal Party candidate.


1935 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Candidates
Neither Kerr nor Mitchison had previously contested a parliamentary election.


1935 Combined Scottish Universities by-election, Result
The result was a victory for the Unionist candidate, Prof. Kerr, who won over 80% of the votes. He resigned his university chair, held the seat until the university constituencies were abolished for the 1950 general election.


1935 Connecticut State Huskies football team
The 1935 Connecticut State Huskies football team represented Connecticut State College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1935 college football season. The Huskies were led by second-year head coach J. Orlean Christian and completed the season with a record of 2–4–1.


1935 Copa del Presidente de la República
The Copa del Presidente de la República 1935 (President of the Republic's Cup) was the 35th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.


1935 Copa del Presidente de la República
The competition started in March 1935 and concluded on June 30, 1935, with the Final, held at the Estadio Chamartín in Madrid. Sevilla FC beat CE Sabadell for their first title in the competition.


1935 Copa del Presidente de la República Final
The 1935 Copa del Presidente de la República Final was the 35th final of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition. Sevilla FC beat CE Sabadell FC 3–0.


1935 Copperbelt strike
The Copperbelt strike of May 1935 was a strike by African mineworkers in the Copperbelt Province of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) on 29 May 1935 to protest taxes levied by the British colonial administration. The strike involved three of the province's four major copper mines: those in Mufulira, Nkana and Roan Antelope. Near the latter, six protesters were killed by police and the strike ended. Although it failed, the strike was the first organized industrial agitation in Northern Rhodesia and is viewed by some as the first overt action against colonial rule. It caught the attention of a number of African townsmen, leading to the creation of trade unions and African nationalist politics, and is seen as the birth of African nationalism.


1935 Copperbelt strike
The strike and others in Africa during the period dramatically changed the British government's urban and migration policies. The unrest gave missionaries a chance to respond to the "Watchtower movement", joining the mining companies to provide a Christian education and create a disciplined workforce. The colonial administration, foreseeing a future drop in copper prices, also created social-service schemes for rural relatives of the urban workers.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Background, Colonialism in Northern Rhodesia
The Copperbelt was a region of Northern Rhodesia known for its rich copper ore deposits. Cecil John Rhodes, a British capitalist and empire builder, was the leading light of British expansion north of the Limpopo River into south-central Africa. In 1895, Rhodes asked his American scout Frederick Russell Burnham to look for minerals and how to improve river navigation in the region; during this trek, Burnham discovered large copper deposits along the Kafue River. Rhodes brought British influence into the region by obtaining mineral rights from local chiefs through questionable treaties.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Background, Colonialism in Northern Rhodesia
The Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891, signed in Lisbon on 11 June 1891 by the United Kingdom and Portugal, fixed the boundary between territories administered by the British South Africa Company (BSAC) in North-Eastern Rhodesia and Portuguese Mozambique. It also fixed the boundary between the BSAC-administered territory of North-Western Rhodesia (now in Zambia) and Portuguese Angola, although the boundary with Angola was not marked on the ground until later.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Background, Colonialism in Northern Rhodesia
The northern border of the British territory in North-Eastern Rhodesia and the British Central Africa Protectorate was agreed in an 1890 Anglo-German treaty which also fixed the (very short) boundary between North-Western Rhodesia and German South-West Africa, now Namibia. The boundary between the Congo Free State and British territory was fixed by an 1894 treaty, although minor adjustments were made until the 1930s.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Background, Colonialism in Northern Rhodesia
The border between the British Central Africa Protectorate and North-Eastern Rhodesia was fixed in 1891 at the drainage divide between Lake Malawi and the Luangwa River, and the boundary between North-Western Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia became the Zambezi River in 1898. Northern Rhodesia was under BSAC control until 1924, when it became part of the British Empire.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Background, Mining
The discovery of large deposits of copper sulfide during the 1900s encouraged large mining companies to invest in Northern Rhodesia. South African interest in the region was led by the Anglo American Corporation, which gained an interest in the Bwana Mkubwa Company in 1924 and acquired a one-third interest in Mufulira in 1928. That year, Anglo American acquired control of the Nkana mine at Kitwe and formed Rhodesian Anglo American; shareholders included the United States, South African finance houses and the British South Africa Company. As the BSAC purchased shares in Rhodesian Anglo American, the latter became a major shareholder in BSAC. By 1930, Chester Beatty's Rhodesian Selection Trust and Ernest Oppenheimer's Anglo-American Corporation controlled most of the region's mining. The Roan Antelope and Nkana mines began commercial production in 1931.


1935 Copperbelt strike, 1935 strike, Development
The emergence of mining increased the migration of native African people in search of employment to the province from elsewhere in Africa. The mining industry improved the standard of living of those living along Northern Rhodesia's railroads, and increased the influx of white people, the Europeans from South Africa who wanted to maintain their superiority over the native African population. Native Africans were poorly treated by the whites and discouraged from working in the mines; this evolved into a racial struggle. The high rate of immigration to the region increased the number of unplanned settlements.


1935 Copperbelt strike, 1935 strike, Development
The BSAC introduced a hut tax in 1901 in North-Eastern Rhodesia and between 1904 and 1913 in North-Western Rhodesia for all migrants. The tax was high (in some cases, six months' wages), and intended to create a system of debt bondage and generate income for investment in other mines. Unrest caused by tax increases was suppressed with the help of the British South Africa Police. The imposition of tax was a strategy adopted to create bond labour and sustain demand during the 1920s when the demand for miners was higher. The company was able to maintain low wages on account of predominance of migrant labour from rural regions. The African miners had three major issues: low wages compared to European miners, a prohibition against working in mines reserved for Europeans despite high skills, and workplace harassment and brutality.


1935 Copperbelt strike, 1935 strike, Development
The Great Depression (1929–35) led to a fall in European copper prices which severely damaged the economy of the Copperbelt. In February 1931 the Mkubwa mine was shut down, followed over the next few months by the Chamishi, Nchanga and Mulfira mines. Construction work at the Roan Antelope and Nkana mines was nearing completion at this time, leading to large-scale unemployment; the mines employed 31,941 people in 1930, and 6,677 by the end of 1932. Many unemployed African workers remained, instead of returning to their rural homes.


1935 Copperbelt strike, 1935 strike, Development
During the period between 1931 and 1932, the European population in the region reduced by 25 per cent. In 1935, the Northern Rhodesian administration doubled urban taxes and reduced them in rural areas to counter the depression and related losses incurred by the closure of one of the region's four mines. The provincial commissioner implemented the tax in May (retroactive to 1 January) after the signing of the Native Tax Amendment Ordinance, and was aware of the latter.


1935 Copperbelt strike, 1935 strike, Strike
The strike involved three of the province's four major copper mines: the mines at Mufulira, Nkana and Roan Antelope. On the morning of 21 May 1935, police at Mulfulira announced that taxes were raised from 12 to 15 shillings a year. The strike was spontaneous, with morning-shift miners refusing to go underground. It was led by three Zambians from the Northern Province: William Sankata, Ngostino Mwamba and James Mutali at the Mufulira mine. The other African miners refused to report to work, shouted slogans against the authorities and threw stones at them and non-supportive Africans.


1935 Copperbelt strike, 1935 strike, Strike
At the other two mines, the strike was less spontaneous than at Mufulira (where the tax increase was received with disbelief) and police arrested leaders as a precautionary measure. News of the Mufulira strike spread to the other two mines with the inflow of miners from Mufulira. Beni dancers, who developed the dance form during the colonial era and who mimicked military and colonial administration with music and aesthetic expression, were instrumental in structured communication during the strike. African workers went on strike in Nkana on 27 May, but it failed and ended the following day due to poor leadership.


1935 Copperbelt strike, 1935 strike, Strike
The strike at Roan Antelope, where some tribal leaders participated, turned violent. On 29 May, a large crowd gathered around the compound containing police, officials, clerks and elders; protesters began throwing stones and shouting slogans. The police panicked and fired, leading to the deaths of six protesters and injuring 17 others. Shocked at the shootout, the strikers called off the strike. According to a UNESCO International Scientific Committee report, organized demonstrations were held on 22 May at the Mulfra mine and spread to Nkana on 26 May and the Luansha mines on 28 May. Casualties were reported as 28 killed or injured, with an unspecified number of arrests.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Aftermath, Investigation
Immediately after the strike, a commission headed by Russell was appointed by the British colonial administration to investigate its causes. The commission reported that industrialization and de-tribalization were the most important problems in Northern Rhodesia, and the tax's abrupt implementation led to the strike. The report disregarded the role of Beni, but acknowledged that the dancers were primarily involved in recreation and welfare activities.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Aftermath, Investigation
It described two systems of authority: "The choice lies between the establishment of native authority, together with frequent repatriation of natives to their villages; or alternatively, the acceptance of definite de-tribalization and industrialization of the mining under European urban control". After the enquiry, Hubert Winthrop Young, governor of Northern Rhodesia from 1935 to 1938, established a tribal leaders' advisory council for Africans in the Copperbelt similar to the one at the Roan Antelope mine. Some historians considered it the conventional indirect rule imposed after similar incidents to avoid future uprisings.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Aftermath, Reform
After 1935, the mines were reopened and there was steady growth in the region. According to David M. Gordon, the unrest gave missionaries a chance to respond to the Watchtower movement in a coordinated fashion. The London Missionary Society and the Church of Scotland worked together after the strike, saying that the lack of education and religious instruction were contributing factors. The missionaries and the mining companies said that a Christian education would create a disciplined workforce, a belief which was called the spiritual wing of industrial capitalism.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Aftermath, Reform
The region's Protestant mission established the United Mission of Copperbelt (UMCB), which led to the establishment of Protestant bodies such as the Church of Central Africa in Rhodesia (CCAR) in 1945 and the United Church of Central Africa in Rhodesia in 1958 (which became the United Church of Zambia in 1965).


1935 Copperbelt strike, Aftermath, Reform
Most of the mining companies felt that the expected recovery would result in a labor shortage and challenge economic recovery. The government believed that if copper prices fell in the future, similar effects would be experienced. The colonial administration implemented two schemes to maintain the relationship of urban workers with their rural homelands. Health-service expenditures by rural relatives of urban workers were borne by the government, and the rural male migration of the working population was reduced.


1935 Copperbelt strike, Significance
Historians believe that the strike, and other strikes in Africa during the period, changed the urban and migration policies of the British government in Africa. Governor Hubert Young, after a long struggle, obtained research funding of labour migration in Africa. Historian Godfrey Wilson studied urban African labour from 1939 to 1940, but his work was halted. Although the strike achieved little at the time, it is seen a key moment in the emergence of African nationalism in Zambia. African townsmen discovered their identity, leading to trade unionism and the gradual emergence of anti-colonial politics. The actions by British authorities led to five years of prosperity for the mining companies; European miners struck for higher pay and were rewarded. In 1940, there were several mine strikes in the province which lasted over a week; 17 workers were killed and 65 injured.


1935 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
The 1935 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.


1935 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship
Ballincollig won the championship following a 4-02 to 3-02 defeat of St. Columb's in the final. This was their fourth championship title in the grade and their second title in succession.


1935 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1935 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 47th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.


1935 Cork Senior Football Championship
On 6 October 1935, Macroom won the championship following a 1-03 to 1-02 defeat of Clonakilty in the final. This was their 8th championship title overall and their first title since 1931.


1935 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1935 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 27 January 1935. The championship began on 14 April 1935 and ended on 13 October 1935.


1935 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
On 13 October 1935, Glen Rovers won the championship following a walkover by Carrigtwohill. This was their second championship title and the second of eight successive championships.


1935 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1935 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1935 college football season. In their 16th and final season under head coach Gil Dobie, the Big Red compiled a 0–6–1 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 201 to 59.


1935 County Championship
The 1935 County Championship was the 42nd officially organised running of the County Championship. Yorkshire County Cricket Club won the championship title.


1935 Coupe de France Final
The 1935 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 5 May 1935, that saw Olympique de Marseille defeat Stade Rennais UC 3–0 thanks to goals by Charles Roviglione, Vilmos Kohut and an own goal by Jean Laurent.


1935 Creighton Bluejays football team
The 1935 Creighton Bluejays football team was an American football team that represented Creighton University as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1935 college football season. In its first season under head coach Marchmont Schwartz, the team compiled a 3–5–1 record (2–2–1 against MVC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 112 to 58. The team played its home games at Creighton Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska.


1935 Cuba hurricane
The 1935 Cuba hurricane was an intense and deadly tropical cyclone which caused devastation across many areas of the western Atlantic, particularly Cuba and The Bahamas, in September and October 1935. The fifth tropical storm and third hurricane of the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season, the storm formed from a tropical depression in the central Caribbean Sea on September 23. The disturbance gradually organized as it moved to the west, and strengthened to tropical storm intensity less than a day after formation and further to a hurricane by September 25. Subsequently, the hurricane curved northward from its initial westward motion.


1935 Cuba hurricane
On September 27, the storm reached major hurricane intensity before making landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba as a modern-day Category 3 hurricane the next day. After passing the island, the hurricane reintensified, and reached a peak intensity with a minimum barometric pressure of at least 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg) and maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h), making it a modern-day Category 4 hurricane. At the same time, the tropical cyclone passed over the Bahamian island of Bimini before moving out to sea. As it progressed northeastward, the hurricane gradually weakened before transitioning into an extratropical storm by October 2. The extratropical remnants made landfall on Newfoundland shortly after before dissipating late that day.


1935 Cuba hurricane
The hurricane caused widespread destruction in areas of the western Atlantic. In Jamaica, the storm's strong winds and heavy rain destroyed roughly 3 percent of the island's banana production and damaged road networks. Damage on the island country totaled to $2.7 million. In Cayman Brac, strong winds damaged infrastructure and crops, though no fatalities resulted. Most of the cyclone's deaths occurred in Cuba, where the storm made its first landfall. The hurricane's effects caused a 100 mi (160 km) wide swath of damage which cut across the country.


1935 Cuba hurricane
Strong storm surge destroyed low-lying coastal towns, particularly in Cienfuegos, where numerous homes were destroyed and 17 people died. Across Cuba, the storm caused $12 million in damages and 35 deaths. As it crossed the island, widespread evacuation procedures occurred in southern areas of Florida, heightened due to the effects of a disastrous hurricane which struck less than a month prior. However, damage there was only of moderate severity. Passing directly over Bimini in The Bahamas, the hurricane destroyed nearly half of the island with its large storm surge. There, 14 people were killed. Further north, the storm caused slight impacts in Bermuda and Atlantic Canada, though a person drowned off of Halifax, Nova Scotia due to rough seas. Overall, the tropical cyclone caused 52 deaths and $14.7 million in damages, making it the third-costliest hurricane of the hurricane season.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Meteorological history
Though the storm's origins prior to tropical cyclogenesis remain unclear, it was analyzed that a tropical depression developed just northwest of Punta Gallinas at 0600 UTC on September 23. At the time, the disturbance had an outermost closed isobar of at least 1010 mbar (hPa; 29.83 inHg). Evidence for a tropical cyclone in the region was confirmed by the ship S.S. San Gill, which observed strong winds along with rough seas generated by the nearby disturbance. Drifting towards the southwest, the depression acquired tropical storm strength by 0000 UTC the following day. At the time, however, the cyclone lacked defined characteristics and maintained a weak center of circulation. By 1200 UTC on September 25, the storm was estimated to have reached hurricane intensity. Shortly after, the storm curved northward along the 80°W longitudinal line.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Meteorological history
At 0300 UTC on September 26, the tanker A.C. Bedford encountered the strengthening hurricane, and reported winds of hurricane-force winds and a barometric pressure of 986 mbar (hPa; 29.13 inHg); this was the lowest pressure associated with the hurricane measured in the Caribbean Sea, as well as the only confirmed report of hurricane-force winds in connection with the storm there. Similarly low barometric pressures and strong winds were reported by various other vessels in the vicinity of the hurricane. At 1200 UTC, the storm was upgraded to Category 2 intensity.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Meteorological history
On September 27, the tropical cyclone moved through a region lacking in ships. As a result, the hurricane was not well-documented during this period, though it was estimated that the storm attained Category 3 hurricane intensity–a major hurricane–at 1200 UTC that day. At the same time, the cyclone also curved slightly westward, which brought it away from Jamaica. The hurricane continued northward, and made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba, at 0800 UTC on September 28. At the time, the tropical cyclone had maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h), making it a modern-day Category 3 hurricane.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Meteorological history
The lowest pressure measured upon landfall was 955 mbar (hPa; 28.20 inHg) at the Montserrat Observatory in Cienfuegos. This peripheral measurement was analyzed to have also been the hurricane's minimum central pressure upon landfall. Although lower pressures were measured after the hurricane's Cuban landfall, the measurement in Cienfuegos was the only one included in the storm's HURDAT listing. Over land, the hurricane began to trek northeastward, a pattern which would persist throughout the storm's existence.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Meteorological history
The tropical cyclone passed over Cuba without much change in intensity and reentered the Atlantic Ocean later on September 28, while still a major hurricane. Passing over warm ocean waters, the storm reintensified, and attained Category 4 hurricane intensity at 0000 UTC on September 29. The storm's northeastward motion brought it directly over the Bahamian island of Bimini at roughly 0600 UTC that day. A weather station on the island recorded a minimum barometric pressure of 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg), though this measurement was taken nearly an hour before the center of the hurricane passed.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Meteorological history
At the time, the storm's maximum winds were estimated at 140 mbar (220 km/h), the highest analyzed in connection with the system. By late on September 29, the hurricane had moved through The Bahamas and had begun to weaken as it accelerated towards the northeast. By 1200 UTC the next day, the storm had weakened down to Category 2 intensity, below major hurricane strength. Shortly after, it made its closest approach to Bermuda, but subsequently recurved to a more northerly bearing. At 0000 UTC on October 2, the storm degenerated into a Category 1 hurricane.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Meteorological history
The storm subsequently transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 0600 UTC, though it still maintained hurricane-force winds. The extratropical remnants made a final landfall on the southern coast of Newfoundland during the dawn hours of October 2 with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). After quickly passing over the island, the cyclone dissipated by 1800 UTC that day east of Newfoundland, by which time it had been absorbed by another extratropical system.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands
Upon the storm's tropical cyclogenesis, the United States Weather Bureau (USWB) advised ships in the Western Caribbean Sea of the impending storm, though no particular warnings were issued by the USWB afterwards. Passing west of Jamaica on September 26–27, the hurricane produced torrential rainfall and strong winds over the island. The lowest barometric pressure measured in Jamaica was 1006 mbar (hPa; 29.72 inHg) in both Kingston and Negril. The excessive precipitation was due in part to a second tropical disturbance which originated from Lesser Antilles and had also brought rainfall to parts of the Greater Antilles.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands
Gales as strong as 50 mph (80 km/h) caused extensive damage on the island. Jamaica's banana crop was severely damaged, with 2 million banana trees estimated to have been uprooted, representing 3% of the island's total banana crop. Damage to the banana crop was estimated at $2.5 million. Heavy rainfall washed out roads and bridges, amounting to $200,000 in damages. Two people were killed in Jamaica. In Cayman Brac, the largest of the Cayman Islands, strong winds caused severe infrastructural and crop damage, though loss of life was mitigated due to radioed warnings.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Cuba
As the hurricane approached Cuba, windows were boarded up and trees were anchored in Havana, Cuba. People were evacuated from Santa Cruz del Sur. Rail service was redirected to the town in order to assist in the evacuation process, which resulted in the evacuation of 1,500 people by train. Shipping across the Cuban coast was halted and kept in ports and harbors. Other evacuation procedures underwent in southern Cuban cities during the evening hours of September 27.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Cuba
Strong waves caused the British steamship Wandered to run aground at Point Del Birril on the southern coast of Cuba. As a result, the ship radioed a distress call, which was later intercepted by United States Coast Guard personnel in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Inland, the hurricane caused severe damage, particularly in Central Cuba, where a 100 mi (160 km) swath of damage occurred. In Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos Province, where the storm made landfall, a thousand homes were estimated to have been destroyed. In the town alone, 17 people were killed.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Cuba
Telecommunication lines were downed by the strong winds, causing radio lines to be silent. As a result, relief efforts were slowed. In Trinidad, Sancti Spíritus, buildings were swept away by strong storm surge. By contrast, in Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, only minor damage occurred. In Havana, minor damage also occurred, though disruptions to the country's electrical grid isolated communications relayed from the capital.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Cuba
After the hurricane passed, relief efforts began in the Cuban provinces of Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Camagüey, where the storm hit. The gunboat Viente de Mayo paralleled the coast of damaged areas, evaluating the damage left by the hurricane. The Cuban Red Cross sent physicians and nurses to Santa Clara Province. Refugees were sent to Havana. The coastal town of Tunas de Zaza, Trinidad was evacuated to make room for refugees.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Florida
After crossing the Cuban island, hurricane warnings posted for Key West to Palm Beach on September 28, though the center of the hurricane was not predicted to make landfall. These warnings were later extended northward to include Melbourne. Storm warnings were also issued for areas of Florida's west coast from Everglades City to Tarpon Springs, and areas of Florida's east coast from Daytona Beach to Charleston, South Carolina. Parts of the Florida Keys and other nearby low-lying areas were evacuated with assistance from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA).


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Florida
The same region had been impacted by a Category 5 hurricane less than a month prior. As a result, relief workers cleaning up the resultant debris were also forced to evacuate. Those evacuated were sent to Miami. Electricity was turned off in the Florida Keys as a precautionary measure. In Homestead, residents were advised to take shelter in a local school auditorium. The American Red Cross dispatched emergency equipment to the region, along with several other local relief agencies. Air traffic over southeastern Florida was suspended due to the proximity of the passing hurricane. Pan American World Airways cancelled all flights to and from Key West. Eastern Air Lines maintained north-bound air traffic but did not have any control over flights coming from the south. Several ocean liners were delayed until the hurricane passed.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Elsewhere
Prior to the storm's closest approach, storm warnings were posted for the entirety of Bermuda. Building windows were boarded up and shipping services were postponed. The liner Monarch of Bermuda was forced to unload 400 passengers at St. George, Bermuda rather than in Hamilton as a result. The hurricane made its closest approach to Bermuda on September 29, though its center remained roughly 100 mi (160 km/h) northeast of the island. However, no damage of considerable extent was reported.


1935 Cuba hurricane, Preparations, impact, and aftermath, Elsewhere
As the hurricane's extratropical remnants proceeded into Atlantic Canada, the storm produced rough seas and strong winds. The yacht Cumargo evacuated to the Halifax, Nova Scotia harbor to avoid rising waters. Off of Halifax, however, a man drowned after his ship capsized; this would be the only fatality recorded in Canada associated with the storm. In Newfoundland, where the extratropical storm made landfall, additional ships were damaged. In St. Mary's, four vessels were heavily damaged. The Portuguese schooner Rosita signaled a distress call off of Cape Race, but was later recovered. Similarly, the ship Madeline Hebb encountered the storm, but made it back to St. Anthony with no damage. Further inland, gusts peaked at 36 mph (58 km/h) at Cape Race. Heavy precipitation also resulted, though no damage was reported.


1935 Cupa României Final
The 1935 Cupa României Final was the second final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Ripensia Timişoara and CFR București, and was won by CFR București after a game with 11 goals in extra time. It was the first cup trophy won by the feroviar team.


1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 19 May 1935. The result was a victory for the newly established Sudeten German Party, which won 44 seats in the Chamber and 23 in the Senate. Funded by the German Nazi Party, it won over two-thirds of the vote amongst Sudeten Germans. Voter turnout was 91.9% in the Chamber election and 81.2% for the Senate.


1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies
The Autonomous Bloc was composed of Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, the Slovak National Party, the Autonomous Agrarian Union, the Polish People's Party and the Polish Socialist Workers Party.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election
The 1935 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 18 December 1935. Edvard Beneš was elected the second President of Czechoslovakia and replaced Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Beneš's victory was considered unlikely due to lack of support in a parliament but negotiations helped him to win much larger support than Masaryk has ever received.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election, Background
Edvard Beneš was considered Masaryk's successor since 1918. His candidacy in the 1934 election was opposed by the Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants and the large party of Social Democrats and Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk decided to run for his fourth term. He was reelected on 1934. The 1935 parliamentary election resulted in the success of the Sudeten German Party (SdP). SdP remained in opposition and Milan Hodža eventually became the new Prime Minister. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk decided to resign on his position due to his poor health. Hodža wanted to postpone Masaryk's resignation but agreed that he will support Beneš. Beneš's candidacy was supported by National socialists, Social Democrats and Populars. Republicans and Traders opposed it and wanted Masaryk to remain president.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election, Campaign, Negotiations
The leader of Republicans Rudolf Beran tried to persuade Masaryk to not resign but Masaryk declined. The Republicans decided to not support Beneš and started to look for their own candidate. Bohumil Němec was eventually nominated as the party's candidate. He quickly received support of Czechoslovak Traders' Party and Hlinka's Slovak People's Party. Beneš managed to receive support of National socialists and Social Democrats. Němec was then endorsed by National Unification and the National Fascist Community. Hodža resigned due to his failure to find support for Beneš but Masaryk didn't accept it. Masaryk resigned on 14 December 1935. He suggested Beneš as the new President.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election, Campaign, Negotiations
Beran tried to convince the Sudeten German Party to vote against Beneš but failed. Beneš on the other hand convinced Hlinka's Slovak People's Party to support him. Beran eventually agreed to negotiate with Beneš. Němec withdrew from election on 17 December 1935 and Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants agreed to support Beneš. Beneš also received indirect support from the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on 17 December 1935.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election, Campaign, Press campaign
The right wing and nationalist press led a campaign against Beneš. Parties used their own newspapers for the campaign. The Republicans tried to persuade people that Němec is the only candidate who can be the President of all. The National Unification was strictly against Beneš and tried to undermine Beneš's image of the national candidate. The National Socialists and Social Democrats used their newspapers to support Beneš. Populars eventually supported Beneš due to Masaryk's wish. The Communists supported Beneš because Němec was supported by Fascist parties.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election, Procedure
The president was elected by a bicameral parliament that consisted of 300 Deputies and 150 Senators. A candidate needed 60% of votes to be elected.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election, Voting
Voting was held on 18 December 1935. 440 electors participated in the election. Beneš received 340 votes while 76 votes were blank. 24 electors voted for Němec despite his withdrawal from election. Beneš's support was unexpectedly high.


1935 Czechoslovak presidential election, Aftermath
Beneš became second president of Czechoslovakia. He led Czechoslovakia until 1938 when he had to leave Czechoslovakia due to World War II and formed the Czechoslovak government-in-exile. He became the leader of the resistance to Nazi Germany and returned to his position as the president of Czechoslovakia when the country was liberated. He resigned in 1948 due to the 1948 coup d'etat.


1935 Czechoslovakian Grand Prix
The VI Velká Cena Masarykova (1935 Masaryk Grand Prix) was a 750 km Grand Prix motor race held on 29 September 1935 at the Masaryk Circuit.


1935 Daily Mail Gold Cup
The 1935 Daily Mail Gold Cup was a professional billiards tournament sponsored by the Daily Mail. Tom Newman won the Gold Cup, winning all his four matches, ahead of Willie Smith who had three wins. It was the first Daily Mail Gold Cup tournament, an event which ran from 1935 to 1940.


1935 Daily Mail Gold Cup, Format
The event was a round-robin tournament played from 7 January to 16 March 1935 at Thurston's Hall in London, England. There were 5 competitors and a total of 10 matches. Each match lasted six days (Monday to Saturday) and consisted of two sessions of two hours each day. The 5 competitors were Joe Davis, Tom Newman, Willie Smith, Melbourne Inman and Tom Reece. The event was a sealed handicap in which the handicap was determined before the event started but was not disclosed to the players until after the tournament finished.


1935 Danish Folketing election
Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 22 October 1935, except in the Faroe Islands where they were held on 11 November. The Social Democratic Party led by Prime minister Thorvald Stauning remained the largest in the Folketing, with 68 of the 149 seats. Voter turnout was 80.7% in Denmark proper and 55.4% in the Faroes. It was in this election that the Social Democrats used the famous slogan "Stauning or Chaos".


1935 Danish local elections
The Danish regional elections of 1935 were held in March 1935. 299 members of the county councils of Denmark were elected.


1935 Dartmouth Indians football team
The 1935 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In their second season under head coach Earl Blaik, the Indians compiled a 8–2 record. John Kenny was the team captain.


1935 Dartmouth Indians football team
Frank Nairne was the team's leading scorer, with 54 points, from nine touchdowns.


1935 Dartmouth Indians football team
Dartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1935 Dayton Flyers football team
The 1935 Dayton Flyers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Dayton as a member of the Buckeye Athletic Association during the 1935 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach Harry Baujan, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record.


1935 DePaul Blue Demons football team
The 1935 DePaul Blue Demons football team was an American football team that represented DePaul University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. The team compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 123 to 36. The team played its home games at Wrigley Field in Chicago. Jim Kelly was the head coach.


1935 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1935 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware in the 1935 college football season. In its first season under head coach Lyal Clark, the team compiled a 2–5–1 record and was outscored by a total of 117 to 69.


1935 Delaware State Hornets football team
The 1935 Delaware State Hornets football team represented the State College for Colored Students—now known as Delaware State University—in the 1935 college football season. In their second of three seasons in the Middle Atlantic Athletic Association, Delaware State posted a 7–1 record under coach Edward Jackson, outscoring their opponents 203 to 29. They clinched their second consecutive conference title after defeating Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural.


1935 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1935 Denver Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Denver in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1935 college football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach Percy Locey, the team compiled a 6–3 record (5–2 against RMC opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 109 to 101.


1935 Detroit Lions season
The 1935 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 6th season in the National Football League. The Lions won their first National Football League (NFL) championship. In their second season in Detroit and fifth under head coach Potsy Clark, the Lions placed first in the NFL's Western Division and went on to defeat the New York Giants, 26–7, in the 1935 NFL Championship Game. The leading offensive players were Dutch Clark, who led the NFL with 55 points, and Ernie Caddel, who led the league with 621 yards from scrimmage and 6.4 yards per touch.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 1: Lions 35, Eagles 0
On Friday, September 20, 1935, the Lions opened their season with a 35–0 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles before a crowd of approximately 10,000 at University of Detroit Stadium. Halfback Ernie Caddel scored three touchdowns. Dutch Clark also scored a touchdown, and a fifth came on a 10-yard pass from Pug Vaughan to Frank Christensen. Clark kicked four extra points, and Glenn Presnell kicked the fifth. The Lions prevented the Eagles from making a first down. The Lions totaled 381 total yards against the Eagles, including 324 rushing yards on 57 carries for an average of 6.8 yards per carry. Following the game, the Associated Press reported that the Lions has "definitely established themselves as serious contenders for the 1935 National Professional football league championship."


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 2: Lions 10, Cardinals 10
On September 29, 1935, in the second game of the season, the Lions and Chicago Cardinals played to a 10–10 tie in front of approximately 10,000 spectators at the University of Detroit Stadium. The Lions trailed 3-0 at halftime but scored a touchdown in the third quarter on a 15-yard pass from Dutch Clark to John Schneller. Chicago retook the lead with a touchdown early in the fourth quarter. The Lions then tied the score in the final minutes, as Glenn Presnell kicked a field goal.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 3: Dodgers 12, Lions 10
The Lions suffered their first loss of the season in a road game against the Brooklyn Dodgers at Ebbets Field.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 4: Lions 17, Redskins 7
In week four, the Lions defeated the Boston Redskins 17–7 in front at Fenway Park in Boston. The Lions opened the scoring in the first quarter with a 35-yard field goal by Glenn Presnell. The Lions added a touchdown in the third quarter on a 20-yard touchdown pass from Ace Gutowsky to Dutch Clark. Both teams scored touchdowns in the fourth quarter. The Lions' final touchdown was fueled by a 40-yard run by Ernie Caddel and a final 10-yard touchdown run by Caddel.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 5: Packers 13, Lions 9
In week five, the Lions suffered their second loss of the season, falling to the Green Bay Packers 13–9 at State Fair Park in Milwaukee. Former Oregon State tackle Tar Schwammel kicked two field goals for the Packers.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 5: Packers 13, Lions 9
Through the first five games, Ernie Caddel was tied with Dale Burnett for the NFL scoring lead with five touchdowns and 30 points. Caddel had gained 297 yards on 39 carries for an average of 7.6 yards per carry.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 6: Lions 14, Redskins 0
In the sixth game of the season, the Lions defeated the Boston Redskins 14–0 in front of 14,000 spectators in Detroit. In the first quarter, Ernie Caddel threw a 40-yard touchdown pass to Schneller for the first points of the game. The second half was played in heavy fog, "at times almost completely blotting out all action, and making necessary the use of a white ball." The Redskins drove to the Lions' nine-yard line in the third quarter, but the Lions intercepted a pass to stop the drive. The Lions scored in the fourth quarter on a one-yard plunge by Ace Gutowsky.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 7: Lions 7, Cardinals 6
In week seven, the Lions narrowly defeated the Chicago Cardinals in the rain and mud at Wrigley Field. The final score was 7–6 with the difference being a successful extra point kicked by Dutch Clark after a 12-yard touchdown run by Ernie Caddel in the first quarter. The Cardinals scored a touchdown in the second quarter but missed the extra point attempt.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 8: Packers 31, Lions 7
In week eight, the Lions lost for the second time in 1935 to the Green Bay Packers, this time by a score of 31–7.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 9: Lions 20, Packers 10
In week nine, the Lions and Packers met for the third time in the 1935 season. This time, the Lions came out on top 20–10. Bill Shepherd, who had been acquired by the Lions in a trade for Doug Nott on November 4, 1935, scored two touchdowns for the Lions. Ebding added another. Dutch Clark kicked two extra points. The game was attended by 14,000 spectators at University of Detroit Stadium.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 10: Lions 20, Bears 20
In week 10, the Lions played the Chicago Bears to a 20–20 tie at Wrigley Field. The Bears' Bill Karr caught three touchdown passes in the game. The Lions' touchdowns were scored by Dutch Clark, Bill Shepherd and Klewicki.


1935 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 11: Lions 14, Bears 2
For their 11th game, the Lions played the Bears on Thanksgiving Day in Detroit. Dutch Clark scored two touchdowns as the Lions beat the Bears 14–2. The Bears scored a safety after Buddy Parker fumbled and recovered the ball behind his own goal line.