1938 Cornell Big Red football team
The 1938 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1938 college football season. In their third season under head coach Carl Snavely, the Big Red compiled a 5–1–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 110 to 55.


1938 Costa Rican parliamentary election
Mid -term parliamentary elections were held in Costa Rica on 13 April 1938. The result was a victory for the National Republican Party, which received 62.1% of the vote. Voter turnout was 70.8%.


1938 Cotton Bowl Classic
The 1938 Cotton Bowl Classic was the second edition of the Cotton Bowl Classic, featuring the Colorado Buffaloes and the Rice Owls.


1938 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background
Byron "Whizzer" White was the highlight on a Colorado team that had an unbeaten regular season. He was an All-American who could defend, run, punt, and pass the ball; he was also a Rhodes Scholar.


1938 Cotton Bowl Classic, Background
Rice were led by sophomores highlighted by Ernie Lain, dubbed by Grantland Rice as "football’s greatest sophomore back." This was Rice and Colorado's first bowl game.


1938 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary
Colorado sprung up a 14-0 lead after the first quarter on a Joe Antonio touchdown catch and a Byron White interception return for a touchdown. But Ernie Lain was determined. He threw two touchdown passes to  Jake Schuehle and Ollie Cordill, and Lain scored on a touchdown run. Frank Steen caught a touchdown pass from Lain in the third quarter to seal the game for the Owls, who dominated the Buffaloes on defense for most of the game, who had less first downs than punts. Colorado would not reach another Cotton Bowl until 1996 while Rice would go to three more in a span of 8 years (1950, 1954, 1958).


1938 County Championship
The 1938 County Championship was the 45th officially organised running of the County Championship. Yorkshire County Cricket Club won their 20th title. The points system for the Championship was altered as follows -


1938 Coupe de France Final
The Coupe de France Final 1938 was a football match held at Parc des Princes, Paris on May 8, 1938, that saw Olympique de Marseille defeat FC Metz 2–1 thanks to goals by Vilmos Kohut and Emmanuel Aznar.


1938 Creighton Bluejays football team
The 1938 Creighton Bluejays football team was an American football team that represented Creighton University as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1938 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Marchmont Schwartz, the team compiled a 6–1–1 record (1–0–1 against MVC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 179 to 40. The team played its home games at Creighton Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska.


1938 Cuban parliamentary election
Mid -term parliamentary elections were held in Cuba on 5 March 1938 in order to fill half the seats in the Senate and House of Representatives. The Liberal Party was the biggest winner, taking 25 of the 83 seats in the House. Voter turnout was 44.2%.


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR
The 1938 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR
On 11 April 1938 newspaper "Radianskyi sport" (Soviet Sport) informed that sports inspection of the government committee in physical culture and sports reviewed and adopted regulation of the "URSR Cup" (Ukrainian Cup) competition of football, which at the same time is a regional competition of the 1938 "USSR Cup" (Soviet Cup).


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Competition schedule, Zonal (regional) stage, Group preliminary round
The main date for games was on 5 May 1938, replays took place next day on 6 May.


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Competition schedule, Zonal (regional) stage, Zonal (regional) quarterfinals
The main date for games was on 10 May 1938.


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Competition schedule, Zonal (regional) stage, Zonal (regional) semifinals
The main date for games was on 15 May 1938.


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Competition schedule, Zonal (regional) stage, Zonal (regional) finals
The main date for games was on 20 May 1938.


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Competition schedule, Winners of zonal (regional) stage
Winners of zonal (regional) stage qualified for the Round of 64 (1/32) of the Soviet Cup as well as Round of 32 (1/16) Ukrainian Cup final stage.


1938 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Competition schedule, Final stage
For the Ukrainian Cup final stage qualified 10 winners of the zonal (regional) stage and 6 exhibition teams out of the 1938 Soviet Top League (Dynamo Kyiv, Dynamo Odesa, Shakhtar Stalino, Lokomotyv Kyiv, Silmash Kharkiv, Spartak Kharkiv).


1938 Cupa României Final
The 1938 Cupa României Final was the fifth final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between CAM Timișoara and Rapid București, and was won by Rapid București after a game with 5 goals. It was the third cup for Rapid, and the second of six consecutive successes.


1938 Cupa României Final
CAM Timișoara was the first club representing Divizia B which reached the Romanian Cup final.


1938 Curtis Cup
The 4th Curtis Cup Match was played on September 7 and 8, 1938 at the Essex County Club in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts. The United States won 51⁄2 to 31⁄2. Britain had led by 2 points after the foursomes but America won 5 of the 6 singles to win the match.


1938 Curtis Cup, Format
The contest was played over two days, with three foursomes on the first day and six singles matches on the second day, a total of 9 points. Matches were over 18 holes.


1938 Curtis Cup, Format
Each of the 9 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 18th hole extra holes were not played. Rather, each side earned 1⁄2 a point toward their team total. The team that accumulated at least 5 points won the competition.


1938 Curtis Cup, Teams
Both USA and Great Britain & Ireland selected just 7 players for the event.


1938 Czechoslovak presidential election
The 1938 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 30 November 1938. The election was held following Munich Agreement. Edvard Beneš resigned on his position and  Emil Hácha became the new president.


1938 Czechoslovak presidential election, Voting
312 members of parliament voted. Hácha received 272 votes while 39 were blank.


1938 Dalfram dispute
The Dalfram dispute of 1938 (15 November 1938 to 21 January 1939) was a political industrial dispute at Port Kembla, New South Wales, protesting the export of pig iron from Australia to Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It became famous for providing the nickname of Pig Iron Bob to Attorney General Robert Menzies, later to serve as Prime Minister.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan
In November 1938 wharf labourers, members of the Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia, refused to load pig iron onto the steamship SS Dalfram headed for Japan. The ship was chartered by Mitsui to supply the Japan Steel Works Ltd in Kobe, a part of a contract for 300,000 tons of pig-iron. The Japan Steel Works was producing military materials for the undeclared war in China.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan
The dispute followed the Japanese Massacre in Nanking in 1937 during Japan's military expansion into China.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan
The Australian Council of Trade Unions in October 1937 called for a boycott of Japanese goods and an embargo on the export of iron to Japan in response to the Japanese aggression. Trade unions and many workers argued that the pig iron would be used in bombs and munitions in the invasion of China and articulated that they may also be used against Australia.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan
The Dalfram wasn't the first protest against Japanese militarism. In Newcastle during October 1937 Chinese crew deserted the British steamer, SS Silksworth, in protest against the Japanese seizure of all major seaports in China. Sanctuary was given to the Chinese seamen by labour activists. After their successful protest they returned to the ship only when they were promised disembarkation at Singapore. During 1937 the slogan ’No Scrap for the Jap’ started appearing on wharves and union offices around Australia.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan
Fremantle waterside workers refused to load supplies on a Japanese whaling vessel in September 1937. In October 1937 Sydney waterside workers walked off the Tamon Maru when they learned that scrap iron was on board and destined for Japan. That month the Waterside Workers' Federation were successful in getting support from the ACTU in organising an embargo or boycott of Japanese imports and exports. Other bans were applied in Port Adelaide, Hobart and Brisbane.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan
But it was the coercive conditions of the Transport Workers Act 1928, better known by the workers as the Dog Collar Act, that motivated caution in industrial action by the union movement of the time.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan
The dispute highlighted a clear contradiction in Australian Foreign policy towards Japanese military expansion and aggression. In May 1938 the Joseph Lyons Government announced the embargo of iron ore from Yampi Sound in Western Australia to Japan, citing that there were only limited quantities that were needed for local production. There were no moves to stop the export of pig iron and scrap metal to Japan.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Arrival of SS Dalfram
The arrival of the British tramp steamer Dalfram, which berthed at No. 4 jetty in Port Kembla on 15 November 1938, ignited the dispute. When the nature of the cargo and its destination were confirmed, a walk-off eventuated around 11am.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Arrival of SS Dalfram
The next day at pick up time the Dalfram was the first ship called to be worked. This resulted in refusal by the waterside workers, and as no other ship work was called, thus effectively a lockout eventuated for all ships then at Port Kembla.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Arrival of SS Dalfram
Other union organisations were quick to support the Port Kembla waterside workers, including the Illawarra Trades and Labour Council, Sydney Labour Council, the Federated Ironworkers' Association, Federated Engine Drivers' and Firemen's Association, and the Australian Workers Union. Even the Indian seamen on board the Dalfram refused to move the ship to another berth where non union labour could be employed.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Arrival of SS Dalfram
Support for the strike by Waterside Workers' Federation Federal officials and the Federal Labor Party has been categorised as lukewarm by historians. This was a dispute where local decision making was essentially driving the action, with support among more leftwing unionists around Australia.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Arrival of SS Dalfram
The dispute dragged on for 10 weeks and 2 days and received financial support from around Australia, particularly from the Australian Labour movement, but also from the Chinese immigrant community in Sydney who supplied truckloads of produce to help the families of the striking workers.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Menzies and the dispute
Attorney General Robert Menzies first threatened use of the Transport Workers Act on 28 November 1938. He accused the union of dictating foreign policy, and argued that the elected government had the sole right to decide goods to be traded and what relationships were to be established with foreign powers.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Menzies and the dispute
Menzies met with WWF leader Jim Healy on 7 December. That day the Transport Workers’ Act was applied at Port Kembla. Only one licence was taken out and that was publicly burned in front of Customs House. There was immediate support from other unions for the strike action and the wharves were declared black.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Menzies and the dispute
On 17 December BHP laid off 4000 men claiming that the Dalfram dispute was responsible for bringing everything to a standstill.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Menzies and the dispute
Attorney-General Menzies made an attempt to settle the dispute by calling a meeting with the Combined Union Committee at Wollongong for 11 January 1939. Workers responded by little demonstrations along the small coal mining villages along the coast and over 1000 people in Wollongong.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Menzies and the dispute
Menzies met with the Mayor and dignitaries in the Wollongong Hotel. He was due to meet with union officials across the road but the large crowd initially prevented him. The police inspector present asked local union official Ted Roach if he could organise safe passage through the crowd. Union members thus cleared a path through the crowd for Menzies to walk to the meeting with officials.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, "Pig Iron Bob" nickname
It was during the Dalfram dispute that the title "Pig Iron Bob" was coined in reference to the then Attorney General Robert Menzies. Local union official Ted Roach claimed that the epithet was first used by Mrs. Gwendoline Croft, a member of the local women’s relief committee. It was later picked up by the Rev. Bill Hobbin, a former Methodist minister, and Stan Moran, the well-known wharfie and communist Domain orator.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Dispute end and aftermath
On 21 January 1939 after 10 weeks and two days on strike the waterside workers at Port Kembla decided to load the pig iron "under protest".


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Dispute end and aftermath
The Lyons Government policy of appeasement of Japanese military aggression and opposition to the trade union bans on trade with Japan were not entirely unanimous. External Affairs minister Billy Hughes appears to have attempted to undermine the government policy according to at least one historian, who conjectures this may have been due to Hughes' past links with the Waterside Workers' Federation, being the first President of the union in 1902. The day after the workers at Port Kembla capitulated Billy Hughes delivered a vitriolic speech attacking Japanese militarism and its threat to Australia.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Dispute end and aftermath
On 24 January, Jim Healy met with Government representatives and received an unofficial assurance that no more pig-iron would be shipped to Japan, although it is debated to whether this was actually the case or that some shipments of scrap metal and pig iron were made.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Dispute end and aftermath
Melbourne waterside workers refused to load scrap iron on to a German ship in May 1938.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Dispute end and aftermath
The dispute brought together the Illawarra labour movement and elements of Sydney's Chinese immigrant community and contributed in a small way to the breakdown of the White Australia policy.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Pig iron for Japan, Dispute end and aftermath
Much more significantly, it heralded a rising militancy in Australia by the Waterside' Workers Federation and the union movement as World War II was about to unfold.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Popular culture and remembrance
A union song to commemorate the dispute was composed by Clem Parkinson in 1964 titled The Pig-Iron Song.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Popular culture and remembrance
In December 2006 the Illawarra Branch of the Society for the Study of Labour History erected a Plaque to commemorate the dispute, located near the Number 4 Jetty at Port Kembla where the Dalfram docked. Her Excellency Madam Fu Yng, the Chinese Ambassador, unveiled the Plaque.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Popular culture and remembrance
In 2015 a feature-length film documentary was released called The Dalfram Dispute, 1938: Pig Iron Bob.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Popular culture and remembrance
Contributors to the documentary included historians Stuart Macintyre, Les Louis, Glenn Mitchell, Drew Cottle, Greg Mallory and curator of the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Zhu ChengShan.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Popular culture and remembrance
The documentary was shortlisted for the 2015 NSW Premier’s Multimedia History Prize. It was also a finalist in the 15th Screen Producers Association of Australia Awards for feature documentary.


1938 Dalfram dispute, Popular culture and remembrance
In July 2015 H.E. Ambassador Ma Zhaoxu of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Australia highlighted the Dalfram dispute as a remembered moment in the relationship between Australian and Chinese people when they stood together for common cause.


1938 Dartford by-election
The Dartford by-election of 1938 was held on 7 November 1938. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Frank Edward Clarke. It was won by the Labour candidate Jennie Adamson. Adamson afterwards stated that she won, because the voters "were ashamed of Mr. Chamberlain's betrayal of Czechoslovakia and of democracy."


1938 Dartmouth Indians football team
The 1938 Dartmouth Indians football team represented Dartmouth College in the 1938 college football season. The Indians were led by fifth-year head coach Earl Blaik and played their home games at Memorial Field in Hanover, New Hampshire. The Indians finished with a record of 7–2, finishing No. 20 in the final AP Poll. Their loss on the road to rival Cornell snapped a 22-game unbeaten streak.


1938 Dayton Flyers football team
The 1938 Dayton Flyers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Dayton as a member of the Buckeye Athletic Association during the 1938 college football season. In its 16th season under head coach Harry Baujan, the team compiled a 7–2 record.


1938 DePaul Blue Demons football team
The 1938 DePaul Blue Demons football team was an American football team that represented DePaul University as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In its second season under head coach Ben Connor, the team compiled a 2–7 record and was outscored by a total of 198 to 118. The team played its home games at Wrigley Field and DePaul Field in Chicago.


1938 DePaul Blue Demons football team
In December 1938, DePaul announced that it was discontinuing its intercollegiate football program.


1938 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1938 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware in the 1938 college football season. In its first season under head coach Stephen Grenda, the team compiled a 3–5 record and was outscored by a total of 164 to 70.


1938 Delaware State Hornets football team
The 1938 Delaware State Hornets football team represented the State College for Colored Students—now known as Delaware State University—in the 1938 college football season as an independent.


1938 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1938 Denver Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Denver in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1938 college football season. In its third season under head coach Bill Saunders, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record (3–2–1 against RMC opponents), tied for second place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 86 to 65.


1938 Detroit Lions season
The 1938 Detroit Lions season was their ninth in the league. The team matched their previous season's output of 7–4. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.


1938 Detroit Lions season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour
The 1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour was a nine-game exhibition series played by the Detroit Red Wings and the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) in England and France in April and May 1938, after the conclusion of the 1937–38 NHL season. It was the first time in the history of the NHL that its teams played games in Europe. The game played on 21 April 1938 was the first one organized by any major North American professional sports league, to take place outside North America. The Canadiens won the series with a record of 5–3–1.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Background, Unsuccessful attempts
The idea of NHL teams playing exhibition games in Europe goes back to 1924. Frank Patrick, the head coach of the Vancouver Maroons (PCHA), wanted the Montreal Canadiens to join his team in London for exhibition games during the British Empire Exhibition which was to take place in April–October 1924. Those plans did not materialize. Later, in 1932, when Lester Patrick, Frank's brother and head coach of the New York Rangers, had a deal to have his team play exhibition games in London and other European cities, he too asked the Canadiens to join him on the tour.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Background, Unsuccessful attempts
This also failed to come to fruition. The main cause both times was lack of proper hockey rinks. Yet another plan arose three years later, when Leo Dandurand, the general manager of the Canadiens, announced on February 8, 1935, that his team is "virtually certain" to undertake an eight-game tour of London, Paris, Berlin, and Milan, playing two games in each city. The Boston Bruins or the New York Rangers were suggested as possibly joining the Canadiens.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Background, Unsuccessful attempts
Negotiations seemed to go smoothly, and on March 5 it was announced that arrangements had been made for the Canadiens and likely the Rangers to undertake a trip to Europe for five games in London, as well as games in Vienna and Budapest, and possibly other cities. However, Armand Vincent, Montreal sports promoter who had championed a European tour by NHL teams, announced on March 25 that he was unable to finalize the deal to have the Canadiens and the Rangers tour Europe.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Background, Unsuccessful attempts
Two days later Vincent announced that arrangements finally were completed for the Canadiens to tour Europe in 1936 for fifteen games: in London for three games, in Berlin, Munich, Garmisch, Prague, and Vienna for two games, and a game in Budapest and Zurich. Once again, that plan never got off the ground.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Background, Final negotiations
After the Detroit Red Wings won the 1937 Stanley Cup, their second in a row, they failed to make the 1938 playoffs, placing last in the American Division and second-to-last overall. Meanwhile, the Montreal Canadiens made the 1938 playoffs, but lost to the Chicago Black Hawks in the first round. After the Canadiens were eliminated from the playoffs on March 26, Cecil Hart, Montreal's head coach, announced tentative plans for a trip to London and Paris. On March 29, Armand Vincent announced that the arrangements had been made for a European tour for Detroit and Montreal.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Background, Final negotiations
This took Hart by surprise. He said: "That's funny. They announce over there that the trip is all set, and we don't know anything about it over here." On March 31, Hart received agreement of the British Ice Hockey Association to have the European tour, and the agreement of the French Ice Hockey Federation followed shortly. Both organizations deposited $2,500 in order to stage the games.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Background, Final negotiations
The tour was officially announced by Hart on April 1, yet as late as two days prior to departure, Hart stated that the $2,500 sum had not yet been deposited, nor a contract had been signed by the British. In addition to games in England and France, preliminary plans also called for games in Belgium, Germany, and Scotland, but that did not come into fruition. Nor did the initial plan for the NHL teams to play local amateur teams.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Pre-tour games
On April 5, Detroit traveled to Montreal, and then both teams traveled to Sydney, Nova Scotia. Prior to departing on the RMS Ausonia for Europe on April 9 from Halifax, Nova Scotia, the teams played three exhibition games: in Sydney on April 7, and in Halifax on April 8 and 9. Montreal's Paul Haynes scored all three goals in the 3–2 win in Sydney. The next day, in Halifax, Montreal again beat Detroit, winning in overtime 6–5 in front of 5,000 spectators, with Toe Blake scoring the overtime winner for the Canadiens. The following day, the Red Wings came back, winning 7–2. The teams were also asked to play a game in Moncton, but scheduling did not allow for it.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, England (April 21–23)
The two teams arrived in London, England on April 19 and were met with high interest and heavy ticket sales. The first game of the tour took place in Earls Court, a suburb of London on April 21 in front of 8,000 spectators. Jack Adams, Detroit's head coach, addressed the crowd at various points during the game, explaining the differences between NHL rules and those of the English amateur league. Montreal's goaltender Wilf Cude, a native of Wales, was presented with a wreath of leeks and received an ovation.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, England (April 21–23)
The teams were tied after regulation, and Montreal forward Toe Blake scored in overtime to win the game 5–4. Next, the teams traveled to Brighton, and played their second game of the tour on April 23. The game featured two fights: the first between Marty Barry and Red Goupille; the second between Toe Blake and Peter Bessone. Montreal's Johnny Gagnon scored three goals, and Detroit rallied twice from behind putting continuous pressure on the Canadiens in the third to force overtime, which went scoreless and the game ended in a 5–5 tie.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, France (April 25–29)
After two games in England, the teams traveled to France for three games in Paris. The first game, on April 25, the first professional hockey game in France, was a fast and exciting 10–8 affair with Detroit's Hec Kilrea and Montreal's Johnny Gagnon each scoring three goals. The second game in Paris took place on April 27 in front of a raving crowd, and the Red Wings won 4–3, coming back with three goals in the third period, after being down 3–1. The third and final game in Paris was played on April 29, and Montreal defeated Detroit 7–5.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, England (May 5–14)
The games resumed back in Earls Court on May 5, with the Canadiens winning 6–3 in front of 8,500 fans. It was a rough game featuring two fights, and Hec Kilrea also received a major penalty for arguing with a referee. Paul Haynes scored twice in the third period to secure the win for Montreal. Next, the teams once again traveled to Brighton where Detroit won its second game of the tour on May 7 by a score of 10–5, the largest margin of victory of the entire tour.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, England (May 5–14)
Detroit's Doug Young, Carl Liscombe, and Mud Bruneteau each scored twice in front of a crowd of 8,500. Moving back to Earls Court, Montreal won the next game on May 10 by a score of 5–4. Montreal's Toe Blake scored three goals, including the game-winner. Trailing at the end of the third period, Detroit head coach Jack Adams pulled his goaltender Normie Smith for an extra attacker, but the Red Wings failed to get the tying goal. For the final game of the tour, the two teams once again traveled to Brighton and played the concluding game on May 14.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, England (May 5–14)
Detroit won their third game in the series by a score of 5–2. Mud Bruneteau and Marty Barry of the Red Wings each tallied two goals. After the game, Montreal's head coach Cecil Hart said: "We've had a successful and enjoyable trip. The boys played wonderful hockey and I'm sure they've sold the professional game in a big way to British and French fans". The teams traveled to Southampton where they embarked on their journey back to North America.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, Post-tour
The Montreal Canadiens and the Detroit Red Wings returned home on May 23 on the RMS Aurania. The overall reception of the tour was very enthusiastic despite poor publicity, although reportedly the English fans were disappointed that the games did not feature as much body-checking as they were hoping for. The head coaches of both teams agreed the tour was wonderful and a success, and the players proclaimed it was the greatest experience of their lives. Each player earned $250 for the tour.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, The tour, Post-tour
Speaking about the European tour, Cecil Hart said: "It was wonderful; simply marvelous, I can't get over it. Yes, I believe pro hockey is still five years off over there; they haven't got the rinks yet. But think of the opportunities with no traveling expenses and such thickly-populated areas. We packed them in everywhere. The last game we played over there, we turned away between 3,000 and 4,000 fans. And that with very little publicity." During the tour there was an offer to play a three-game series in Switzerland, but the offer had to be turned down as it came just a day prior to departure, and there was discussion of another such exhibition tour. Nothing came of those plans at the time.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Attempted second tour in 1953
Fifteen years later, in early March 1953, the Montreal Canadiens announced plans for a tour of Europe, visiting England, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Scotland, and possibly other countries. Originally Montreal was to again play the Detroit Red Wings, but Detroit could not complete all necessary arrangements, so the Chicago Black Hawks were supposed to go instead. However, on March 25 Montreal's general manager Frank Selke said that Chicago players did not want to make the trip and so the tour was in jeopardy. On March 30 it was officially announced that the tour was cancelled.


1938 Detroit Red Wings–Montreal Canadiens European tour, Attempted second tour in 1953
According to Bill Tobin, Chicago's president, the scheduling did not work out, and the teams were only left with the proposition of playing ten games in England. Selke said: "I'm not going to ask another team for the series. I asked the Hawks because I like them and the way they play. I guess it's all off".


1938 Detroit Tigers season
The 1938 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The Detroit Tigers compiled a record of 84 wins and 70 losses, good enough for fourth place in the American League. Hank Greenberg hit 58 home runs, and became the first unanimous selection as the American League MVP.


1938 Detroit Tigers season, Regular season
The highlight of the 1938 season was first baseman Hank Greenberg challenging the single-season home run record held by Babe Ruth (60). Hank went into the season's final weekend against the Cleveland Indians with 58 home runs, but failed to homer on Saturday or Sunday. He did tie Jimmie Foxx's record for a right-handed hitter, set in 1932.


1938 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1938 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1938 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1938 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1938 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1938 Detroit Titans football team
The 1938 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1938 college football season. In their 14th year under head coach Gus Dorais, the Titans compiled a 6–4 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 148 to 42.


1938 Detroit Titans football team
In addition to head coach Gus Dorais, the team's coaching staff included Lloyd Brazil (backfield coach), Bud Boeringer (line coach), and Michael H. "Dad" Butler (trainer). End Alex Chesney was the team captain.


1938 Dominican Republic general election
General elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 16 May 1938. At the time, the country was a single-party state, with the Dominican Party as the only legally permitted party.


1938 Dominican Republic general election
Jacinto Peynado of the Dominican Party was the only candidate in the presidential election and was elected unopposed, although his predecessor Rafael Trujillo maintained absolute control of the country. The Dominican Party won every seat in the Senate elections.


1938 Doncaster by-election
The Doncaster by-election of 1938 was held on 17 November 1938. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Alfred Short. It was won by the Labour candidate John Morgan.


1938 Donington Grand Prix
The 1938 Donington Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held on 22 October 1938 over 80 laps of the Donington Park circuit. The race was won by Tazio Nuvolari driving an Auto Union.


1938 Donington Grand Prix
The race was organised by the Derby & District Motor Club and not by the Royal Automobile Club, and so is not generally accorded the title "British Grand Prix", notwithstanding that the race was run to the then-current international formula and attracted entries from the top teams, and that there were no other Grand Prix races organised that year in Great Britain.


1938 Donington Grand Prix
The race was originally scheduled for the 1st of October, with the German Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union teams arriving a few weeks early to prepare, but due to the German invasion of Czechoslovakia, war seemed imminent, so the Germans made to leave, and the French entries seemed unlikely, so the decision was made to cancel the race. With the diplomatic crisis resolved by the Munich Agreement, the race was hastily rescheduled for the 22nd of October.


1938 Donington Grand Prix, Report
Nuvolari led off the start line, gradually building up a lead over the other German cars, with Müller, Brauchitsch, Seaman, Lang, Bäumer, Hasse and Kautz trailing Nuvolari for the first 3 laps or so. Then, on lap 4, Kautz crashed his Auto Union at Melbourne corner after his throttle jammed open, putting him out of the race. Villoresi, who was fastest of the non-German cars in practice, had made a poor start, but was now charging, reaching fifth place by lap 18, but would retire shortly after.


1938 Donington Grand Prix, Report
On lap 26, Nuvolari made a pitstop for new plugs, dropping him to fourth place, with Müller now leading Seaman and Lang. A few laps later, Robin Hanson's Alta had an engine failure, gushing oil all over the circuit near Hairpin Bend. Nuvolari nearly rolled his car, but recovered, while Brauchitsch spun twice, and Hasse suffered a race ending crash. Seaman also spun, losing a considerable amount of time being pushed away by marshals. The order then was Müller leading from Lang, Nuvolari, Brauchitsch and Bäumer.


1938 Donington Grand Prix, Report
With the race approaching half distance, the leaders started to make their fuel stops, first with Lang, and last to pit was Nuvolari, who also changed all four wheels. Just one lap after his pitstop, Bäumer's Mercedes approached Melbourne corner very slowly, and as he turned towards the pits, it became clear his engine was on fire, so he jumped clear as his car was engulfed. The pitstops and other incidents had left the top three as Lang leading from Müller and Nuvolari, who was charging. On lap 60 Nuvolari was past Müller and chasing down Lang.


1938 Donington Grand Prix, Report
The gap dropped from 12 seconds on lap 63 to 10 seconds on lap 64, 6 seconds on lap 65, and 3 seconds on lap 66. Then finally Nuvolari was into first place on lap 67, passing Lang, likely affected by a shattered aero-screen, on the Starkey Straight. Nuvolari's lead continued to increase until the end of the race, and Seaman was able to overtake Müller for third place.


1938 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 1938 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football represented Drake University in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1938 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Vee Green, the team compiled a 5–4–1 record (2–1–1 against MVC opponents), and outscored opponents by a total of 194 to 118.


1938 Drexel Dragons football team
1938 Drexel Dragons football team was head coached by Walter Halas.


1938 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1938 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke Blue Devils of Duke University during the 1938 college football season. They were led by head coach Wallace Wade, who was in his eighth season at the school. Known as the "Iron Dukes", the 1938 Blue Devils went undefeated and unscored upon during the entire regular season, earning them the Southern Conference championship.


1938 Duke Blue Devils football team
Duke was invited to the Rose Bowl against the USC Trojans. In what was the Blue Devils' first bowl game appearance, the contest was a scoreless defensive battle until early in the fourth quarter, when Duke kicked a field goal to take a 3–0 lead. However, USC threw a touchdown pass with one minute left to score the first and only points allowed by Duke during the season and win the game.


1938 Dunedin mayoral election
The 1938 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1938, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1938 Dunedin mayoral election
Edwin Cox, the incumbent Mayor, sought re-election for a third term, a feat never before achieved in Dunedin. Cox was unsuccessful in this and was beaten by Andrew Allen.


1938 Duquesne Dukes football team
The 1938 Duquesne Dukes football team was an American football team that represented Duquesne University as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach John "Clipper" Smith, Duquesne compiled a 4–6 record and was outscored by a total of 114 to 96. The team played its home games at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh.


1938 East Carolina Pirates football team
The 1938 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina Teachers College (now known as East Carolina University) as an independent during the 1938 college football season. In their second season under head coach J. D. Alexander, the team compiled a 1–6–1 record.


1938 Eastern Suburbs season
Eastern Suburbs (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in their 31st New South Wales Rugby League season in 1938.


1938 Eastern Suburbs season
Line-up: for the 1938 season included -  Jack Arnold, D.Bartlett, F.Bell, Aidan Cairns, Steve Callaghan, John Clarke, Percy Dermond, Dick Dunn, Noel Hollingdale, A.Horsell,  J.McCarthy, Ross McKinnon, Andy Norval, Sid 'Joe' Pearce, Henry 'harry' Pierce. Ray Stehr.


1938 Eastern Suburbs season, Results
South Sydney 21 (Felsch, Thompson, Brown Tries; Williams 5, Felsch Goals) defeated Eastern Suburbs 14 played at the Sydney Cricket Ground.


1938 Edmonton municipal election
The 1938 municipal election was held November 9, 1938 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees to sit on the public school board, while three trustees were acclaimed to the separate school board. Voters also rejected two proposals to borrow money from other levels of government for the construction of new housing.


1938 Edmonton municipal election
There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Edward Brown, Frederick Casselman, Douglas Grout (SS), George Campbell, and Dan Knott were all elected to two-year terms in 1937 and were still in office.


1938 Edmonton municipal election
There were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Albert Ottewell (SS), Walter Morrish, Sidney Bowcott, and Bruce Smith had been elected to two-year terms in 1937 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate school board, where Hugh Currie, Charles Gariepy, William Wilde (SS), and John Whelihan were continuing.


1938 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
There were 23,599 ballots cast out of 53,848 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 43.8%.


1938 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Aldermen
The civic Progressive party, with candidates for alderman and public school trustee, represented a "united  front" of the Communist Party, the Social Credit movement and other leftist reformers.


1938 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees
Adrien Crowe (SS), James O'Hara, and J O Pilon were acclaimed.


1938 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Low Income Housing
Are you in favour of the city borrowing from the Dominion or Provincial governments, to construct low cost dwelling houses in Edmonton, for rental purposes only, a sum not exceeding $250,000, repayable in from 20 to 35 years, with interest not exceeding two per cent per annum?


1938 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Regular Housing
Are you in favour of the city borrowing from the Dominion or Provincial governments, for the purpose of loaning to individuals to construct dwelling houses in Edmonton, a sum not exceeding $250,000, repayable in from 20 to 35 years at a rate of interest not exceeding five percent per annum?


1938 Egypt Cup Final
1938 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of 1937–38 Egypt Cup, between Zamalek SC (El-Mokhtalat) & Al-Ahly, with the game ending 1–1 meant the two sides could not be separated, so a replay was played during the following season, the replay game ends 1–0, Zamalek SC won the cup for the 4th time.


1938 Ekstraklasa, Overview
The championship was contested by 10 teams, and Ruch Chorzów won the title.


1938 Emperor's Cup, Overview
It was contested by 5 teams, and Waseda University won the championship.


1938 Emperor's Cup Final
1938 Emperor's Cup Final was the 18th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Meiji Jingu Gaien Stadium in Tokyo on June 19, 1938. Waseda University won the championship.


1938 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview
Waseda University won the championship, by defeating Keio University 4–1. Waseda University was featured a squad consisting of Sei Fuwa, Sekiji Sasano, Kunitaka Sueoka, Shogo Kamo and Hidetoki Takahashi.


1938 English Greyhound Derby
The 1938 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 25 June 1938 at White City Stadium.


1938 English Greyhound Derby
The winner Lone Keel received a first prize of £1,250  and was trained by Sydney W Wright and owned by Jack Walsh and William Hill.


1938 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances
½, short-head, 5, 2, DNF (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1927-1950 one length was equal to 0.06 of one second but race times are shown as 0.08 as per modern day calculations.


1938 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Only one bitch called Beckbury Moth was among the 37 nominations for the 1938 running of the classic. The event became all male when Beckbury Moth was scratched before the first round.


1938 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
Wattle Bark returned to defend the title he won in 1937 but had suffered a serious shoulder injury early in the year and was not considered a contender. Jack Walsh owner of the London track Staines Greyhound Stadium was in greyhound partnership with fellow bookmaker William Hill and the pair had two contenders in Manhattan Midnight and Lone Keel trained by Wright. They were both very fast greyhounds but Lone Keel despite breaking many track records had failed to win any of the five major finals he had appeared in.


1938 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
When the first round began Manhattan Midnight won in fast 29.34 and Lone Keel also won in 29.60. Wattle Bark finished third in a re-run in his heat but still qualified. The second round mirrored the first round with two more wins for Manhattan Midnight 29.25, just half a length off the track record and Lone Keel recorded 29.43.


1938 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
In the first semi-final the Northern Flat and London Cup champion Demotic Mack took the early lead before Manhattan Midnight overtook him to win in 29.38. The second semi was won by kennelmate Lone Keel in 29.39 from Melksham Numeral in second place, Wattle Bark claimed a place in the final by crossing the line in third place.


1938 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report
The kennelmates had reached the final unbeaten with semi-final wins just one spot (0.01 sec) apart but the bookies sent Manhattan Midnight off at 7-4 favourite. More than 90,000 people attended the final. As the traps opened Melksham Numeral led until the first bend where Lone Keel overtook him and went on to win the race. Wattle Bark took up second place but lost it again to Melksham Numeral at the third bend. The favourite Manhattan Midnight missed the break completely and found trouble before falling.


1938 English cricket season
1938 was the 45th season of County Championship cricket in England. England established a world record team total of 903 for seven declared against Australia at The Oval with Len Hutton contributing a record 364. The series ended in a 1–1 draw. Yorkshire were champions for the 20th time.


1938 English cricket season, Test series
England and Australia drew the series 1-1 with two matches drawn and one game abandoned without a ball being bowled.


1938 English cricket season, Leading batsmen
Don Bradman topped the averages with 2429 runs @ 115.66


1938 English cricket season, Leading bowlers
Bill Bowes topped the averages with 121 wickets @ 15.23


1938 Estonian Cup
The 1938 Estonian Cup (Estonian: Eesti Karikas) was the first season of the Estonian football knockout tournament. 11 teams took part of the competition. In that time there was no penalty shoot-out after extra time. Because of that another final had to be arranged as the first match ended 1–1. In the second match, played on November 6 in Kadriorg Stadium, VS Sport Tallinn narrowly won over Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi, thus becoming the first cup champions of Estonia.


1938 Estonian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 24 and 25 February 1938. The National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution was the only party to contest the election, and won 64 of the 80 seats. Of the 16 independents elected, six were members of the Democracy Group (composed of two former members of the National Centre Party, two Settlers and two of the Veterans' League), six of the Unity Group of Working People (composed of four leftist Socialists and two rightist Socialists), two were Independent Workers and two were members of the Russian Group.


1938 Estonian parliamentary election, Electoral system
Following the promulgation of a new constitution the voting age was raised to 22 years and only those who had been citizens for three years could vote, whilst minimum age for candidates was raised from 20 to 25.


1938 European Aquatics Championships
The 1938 LEN European Aquatics Championships were held 6–13 August 1938 in London, United Kingdom.


1938 European Athletics Championships
The 2nd European Athletics Championships was a continental athletics competition for European athletes which was held in two places in 1938. The men's event took place in Paris, France between 3–5 September while the women's events were in Vienna, Austria (at the time part of German Reich) on 17 and 18 September. A total of 32 events were contested at the two competitions, comprising 23 events for men and 9 for women. This was the first time that events for women were held and the only occasion on which the competition was held in two separate locations.


1938 European Athletics Championships
Germany topped the medals table with twelve gold medals and 32 in total. Finland won the second greatest number of gold medals (5) and eleven medals in total. The next most successful nations were Great Britain (four golds and eight overall) and Sweden (three golds and a total of thirteen medals). France won a medal of each colour in Paris, with Prudent Joye the sole Frenchman to win a gold for the hosts of the men's championships.


1938 European Athletics Championships
In the men's competition at Stade Olympique de Colombes in Paris, Donald Finlay of Great Britain broke the European record to win the 110 metres hurdles. Tinus Osendarp of the Netherlands won a sprint double, breaking two championship records. World record holder Sydney Wooderson took victory in the 1500 metres while Olympic gold medallists Matti Järvinen (javelin), Karl Hein (hammer) and Harold Whitlock (50 km walk) won their specialities. Finnish runners Taisto Mäki, Ilmari Salminen and Väinö Muinonen won all three of the long distance running events at the championships, upholding the country's reputation as the Flying Finns. Contemporaneous reports on the men's event were given in the Glasgow Herald.


1938 European Athletics Championships
Stanisława Walasiewicz of Poland excelled in the women's events at the Ernst-Happel-Stadion in Vienna, winning both the 100 and 200 metres, as well as silver medals in the long jump and 4 x 100 metres relay. Italian athlete Claudia Testoni set a world record of 11.6 seconds over the 80 metres hurdles. Outside these highlights, the German women dominated the competition by winning 15 of the 27 women's medals on offer.


1938 European Athletics Championships
Among them were Käthe Krauß (who won two silvers in the sprints), 1936 Berlin Olympics champion Gisela Mauermayer (who won the discus and a silver in the shot put) and Lisa Gelius, who completed a usual double of silver in the hurdles and gold in the javelin throw. Among the minor medallists was Fanny Blankers-Koen, who won the first international medals of her highly successful career. Dora Ratjen was the initial winner of the women's high jump, but this was rescinded after it was discovered that he was in fact a man. A contemporaneous report on the women's event was given in the Glasgow Herald.


1938 European Athletics Championships, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 350 athletes from 23 countries participated in the event, two athletes less than the official number of 352 as published.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres
The men's 10,000 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 10 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3  September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 100 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1500 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 and 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 1500 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 200 metres
The men's 200 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 200 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase
The men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 8 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay
The men's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 32 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay
The men's 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 and 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 400 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 17 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 and 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 400 metres hurdles, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 50 kilometres walk
The men's 50 kilometres race walk at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 50 kilometres walk, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres
The men's 5000 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 800 metres
The men's 800 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 and 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 800 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 18 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's decathlon
The men's decathlon at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 4 and 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's decathlon, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 10 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's discus throw, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's hammer throw, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 8 athletes from 5 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's high jump
The men's high jump at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 5 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's high jump, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's javelin throw
The men's javelin throw at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's javelin throw, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 11 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's long jump
The men's long jump at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's long jump, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's marathon, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's pole vault
The men's pole vault at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's pole vault, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's shot put
The men's shot put at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's shot put, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's triple jump
The men's triple jump at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 4 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's triple jump, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 11 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres
The women's 100 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 17 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 200 metres
The women's 200 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 200 metres, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay
The women's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event. The fourth member of the Norwegian relay team is unknown.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 80 metres hurdles
The women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 17 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 80 metres hurdles, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 9 athletes from 4 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's discus throw
The women's discus throw at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's discus throw, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 11 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's high jump
The women's high jump at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's high jump, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 9 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw
The women's javelin throw at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 8 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's long jump
The women's long jump at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 17 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's long jump, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 15 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's shot put
The women's shot put at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 17 September 1938.


1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's shot put, Participation
According to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.


1938 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1938 European Figure Skating Championships held in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.


1938 European Rowing Championships
The 1938 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships for men held in the Italian city of Milan. The venue was the Idroscalo, an artificial lake that had been opened as a seaplane airport in 1930. The rowers competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+).


1938 European Rugby League Championship
This was the fourth European Championship and was won by Wales for the third time in a row. The tri-nation tournament was played between January and April 1938 as single round robin games between England, France and Wales.


1938 European Wrestling Championships
The 1938 European Wrestling Championships were held in 24–27 April 1938 Tallinn, Estonia in the building of the Estonia Theater. The competitions were held only in Greco-Roman wrestling. 72 athletes from 13 countries took part in 7 weight categories.


1938 FA Charity Shield
The 1938 FA Charity Shield was the 25th Charity Shield, an annual English football match played between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match, held at Highbury on 26 September 1938, was contested by Arsenal, champions of the 1937–38 Football League and Preston North End, who beat Huddersfield Town in the final of the 1937–38 FA Cup. Arsenal won the match 2–1, both of their goals scored by Ted Drake. The competition would not be held again until 1948, due to the Second World War.


1938 FA Charity Shield, Background
The FA Charity Shield was founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield. It was a contest between the respective champions of the Football League and Southern League, and then by 1913 teams of amateur and professional players. In 1921, it was played by the Football League champions and FA Cup winners for the first time.


1938 FA Cup Final
The 1938 FA Cup Final was contested by Preston North End and Huddersfield Town at Wembley Stadium. Preston, losing finalists the previous year, won by a single goal. This was their second win in the competition.


1938 FA Cup Final, Background
After 29 minutes of extra time it was still 0–0 and BBC commentator Thomas Woodrooffe said "if there's a goal scored now, I'll eat my hat". Seconds later, Preston were awarded a penalty, from which George Mutch scored the winning goal; Woodrooffe kept his promise, though it was one made of cake and marzipan.


1938 FA Cup Final, Background
Bill Shankly (who played in that game for the Preston side) recalls that special moment in his autobiography from 1976: "The ball hit the bar, which was square then, took the paint off it, screamed into the middle of the goal and ran down the back of the net." And then adds: "The paint is on the ball to this day. I saw it again in 1971, when Liverpool reached the final and played Arsenal. When we were preparing for Wembley, Tommy Smith, who was the Preston captain in 1938, came to the training ground at Melwood and showed the ball to his namesake, Tommy Smith, the Liverpool captain in 1971."


1938 FA Cup Final, Background
This was the first FA Cup final to be broadcast on television. It was a repeat of the 1922 FA Cup Final. This time the scores were reversed but once again a penalty was needed to separate the two sides.


1938 FA Cup Final, Background
Three of the players who participated in the final (Andy Beattie & Bill Shankly of Preston and Eddie Boot of Huddersfield) would all manage Huddersfield within 20 years of this final.


1938 FA Cup Final, Background
The last surviving member of the winning team was Bobby Beattie, who died in September 2002 at the age of 86.


1938 FIFA World Cup
The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the third edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams and was held in France from 4 June until 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of the sole World Cup champions under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo. It would be the last World Cup until 1950 due to the disruption of World War II.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Host selection
France was chosen as host nation by FIFA in Berlin on 13 August 1936. France was chosen over Argentina and Germany in the first round of voting. The decision to hold a second consecutive tournament in Europe (after Italy in 1934) caused outrage in South America, where it was believed that the venue should alternate between the two continents. This was the last World Cup to be staged before the outbreak of the Second World War.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Qualification
Because of anger over the decision to hold a second successive World Cup in Europe, neither Uruguay nor Argentina entered the competition. Spain meanwhile could not participate due to the ongoing Spanish Civil War.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Qualification
It was the first time that the hosts, France, and the title holders, Italy, qualified automatically. Title holders were given an automatic entry into the World Cup from 1938 until 2002 (inclusive), since abolished.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Qualification
Of the 14 remaining places, eleven were allocated to Europe, two to the Americas, and one to Asia. As a result, only three non-European nations took part: Brazil, Cuba and the Dutch East Indies. This is the smallest ever number of teams from outside the host continent to compete at a FIFA World Cup.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Qualification
Austria qualified for the World Cup, but after qualification was complete, the Anschluss united Austria with Germany. Austria subsequently withdrew from the tournament, with some Austrian players joining the German squad, although not including Austrian star player Matthias Sindelar, who refused to play for the unified team. Latvia was the runner-up in Austria's qualification group, but was not invited to participate; instead Austria's place remained empty, and Sweden, which would have been Austria's initial opponent, progressed directly to the second-round by default.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Qualification
This tournament saw the first, and as of 2018 the only, participation in a World Cup tournament from Cuba and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). It also saw the World Cup debuts of Poland and Norway. Romania would not qualify for another World Cup until 1970, Poland and the Netherlands would not reappear at a finals tournament until 1974, and Norway would not qualify for another World Cup finals until 1994. A unified Germany team would not appear again until 1994, although Austria returned in 1954 and won third place.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Qualification, List of qualified teams
The following 16 teams originally qualified for the final tournament. However, 15 teams participated after Austria's withdrawal due to the Anschluss.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Format
The knockout format from 1934 was retained. If a match was tied after 90 minutes, then 30 minutes of extra time were played. If the score was still tied after extra time, the match would be replayed. This was the last World Cup tournament that used a straight knockout format.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
Germany, France, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Cuba and Brazil were seeded for the draw taking place in Paris, on 5 March 1938. Sweden was given a bye due to Austria's withdrawal.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
Five of the seven first round matches required extra time to break the deadlock; two games still went to a replay. In one replay, Cuba advanced to the next round at the expense of Romania. In the other replay, Germany, which had led 1–0 in the first game against Switzerland, led 2–0 but eventually was beaten 2–4.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
This loss, which took place in front of a hostile, bottle-throwing crowd in Paris, was blamed by German coach Sepp Herberger on a defeatist attitude from the five Austrian players he had been forced to include; a German journalist later commented that "Germans and Austrians prefer to play against each other even when they're in the same team". Until they were knocked out in the first round in 2018, this was the only time Germany had failed to advance past the first round for 80 years.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
Sweden advanced directly to the quarter-finals as a result of Austria's withdrawal, and they proceeded to beat Cuba 8–0. The hosts, France, were beaten by the holders, Italy, and Switzerland were seen off by Hungary. Czechoslovakia took Brazil to extra time in a notoriously feisty match in Bordeaux before succumbing in a replay; the South Americans proved too strong for the depleted Czechoslovak side (both Oldřich Nejedlý and František Plánička had suffered broken bones in the first game) and won 2–1. This was the last match to be replayed in a World Cup.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
Hungary destroyed Sweden in one of the semi-finals 5–1, while Italy and Brazil had the first of their many important World Cup clashes in the other. The Brazilians rested their star player Leônidas confident that they would qualify for the final, but the Italians won 2–1. Brazil topped Sweden 4–2 for third place.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
Rumour has it, before the finals Benito Mussolini was to have sent a telegram to the team, saying "Vincere o morire!" (literally translated as "Win or die!"). This should not have been meant as a literal threat, but instead just an encouragement to win. However, no record remains of such a telegram, and World Cup player Pietro Rava said, when interviewed, "No, no, no, that's not true. He sent a telegram wishing us well, but no never 'win or die'."


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
The final itself took place at the Stade Olympique de Colombes in Paris. Vittorio Pozzo's Italian side took the lead early, but Hungary equalised within two minutes. The Italians took the lead again shortly after, and by the end of the first half were leading the Hungarians 3–1. Hungary never really got back into the game. With the final score favouring the Italians 4–2, Italy became the first team to successfully defend the title and were once more crowned World Cup winners.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Summary
Because of World War II, the World Cup would not be held for another 12 years, until 1950. As a result, Italy were the reigning World Cup holders for a record 16 years, from 1934 to 1950. The Italian Vice-President of FIFA, Dr. Ottorino Barassi, hid the trophy in a shoe-box under his bed throughout the Second World War and thus saved it from falling into the hands of occupying troops.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Venues
Eleven venues in ten cities were planned to host the tournament; of these, all hosted matches except the Stade de Gerland in Lyon, which did not due to Austria's withdrawal.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Squads
For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1938 FIFA World Cup squads.


1938 FIFA World Cup, Goalscorers
With seven goals, Leônidas was the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 84 goals were scored by 42 players, with two of them credited as own goals.


1938 FIFA World Cup, FIFA retrospective ranking
In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. The rankings for the 1938 tournament were as follows:


1938 FIFA World Cup Final
The 1938 FIFA World Cup Final was the third edition of the football quadrennial tournament match contested by the men's national teams of FIFA to determine the 1938 FIFA World Cup champions: Italy and Hungary. Italy defended its claim to the championship 4–2 in the last tournament before World War II.


1938 FIFA World Cup Final
The "final" match took place at the Stade Olympique de Colombes in Paris. Vittorio Pozzo's Italian side took the lead early, but Hungary equalised within two minutes. The Italians shortly regained the lead, and by the end of the first half were leading the Hungarians 3–1. At 4–2, Italy successfully defended its title, the inaugural team to win on foreign soil.


1938 FIFA World Cup Final
The last survivor of the game was Italy's Pietro Rava, who died on 5 November 2006 at the age of 90.


1938 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary
After six minutes, Gino Colaussi opened the scoring for Italy; Pál Titkos equalised for Hungary two minutes later, but with just over a quarter of an hour played, Italy regained the lead with a goal from Silvio Piola. Ten minutes before half-time, Italy extended their lead to 3–1 after the unmarked Colaussi scored his second goal. Midway through the second half, Hungary captain György Sárosi got his side back to within a goal of the Italians, but with eight minutes to go, Piola scored his second goal to complete a 4–2 win for Italy.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament
The final tournament of the 1938 FIFA World Cup was a single-elimination tournament involving the 16 teams which qualified for the tournament. The tournament began with the round of 16 on 4 June and concluded with the final on 19 June 1938. Italy won the final 4–2 for their second World Cup title.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, Switzerland vs Germany
Switzerland adopted a precursor version of the Catenaccio system to try stopping the talented German forwards. Thanks to this tactical system, the Swiss managed to frustrate the Germans despite going behind after a goal from Gauchel. Switzerland drew level with Abegglen after a mistake from Willibald Schmaus. Although the Germans pushed for the win, the game ended with a draw, forcing a replay.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, Hungary vs Dutch East Indies
The difference in strength between the two teams was evident as the game resulted in a humiliation for the Dutch East Indies, which managed to hold out for just 13 minutes. In the second half, although Hungary relaxed their pressure, they were never truly troubled by the opponents.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, Cuba vs Romania
Cuba, who had only qualified because other Latin American selections had withdrawn, impressed against Romania. Romania scored first thanks to a goal that different sources attribute to either Bindea or Kovács. Cuba drew level with Socorro, who converted a cross from José Magriñá and then took the lead with a goal from Magriñá himself. After an equaliser from Iuliu Baratky, one goal was scored by each side in extra time, forcing a replay.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, France vs Belgium
The hosts took the lead with only 35 seconds on the clock thanks to a shot from close range by winger Veinante. France doubled their advantage soon after, but the lead was halved before the interval thanks to Isemborghs, who connects with a free kick from Bernard Voorhoof. In the second half, Nicolas got his brace, sealing the victory for France.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, Italy vs Norway
Mindful of the game played against Norway at the semi-finals of the 1936 Summer Olympics, when Italy managed to scrap a win only during extra time, Vittorio Pozzo was not to be overconfident. Italy managed to grab an early lead with Pietro Ferraris, but struggle to threaten Norway's goal further besides hitting the post once. In the second half, Norway was the better team, hitting the woodwork thrice and finally drawing level in the 83rd minute. Soon inside the extra time, Silvio Piola converted in goal a rebounded shot. Italy managed to hold out for the remaining time, reaching the quarter-finals.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, Czechoslovakia vs Netherlands
Finalist at the 1934 World Cup, Czechoslovakia faced a modest Dutch team. Czechoslovakia dominated the ball but did not manage to convert their possession into clear-cut chances against a defensively sound Dutch team. In fact, Czechoslovakia managed to take the lead only in extra-time through a long-range effort, scoring further two goals by the end of the game.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, Replay: Switzerland vs Germany
The replay was played 5 days later. Switzerland used the same line-ups as the first game, while Germany made a few changes. Paul Aeby got injured after a few minutes, forcing Switzerland to play with 10 men. Germany took soon advantage, scoring twice. However, Switzerland reacted well, and with Aeby back on the pitch in the second half, completed a remarkable comeback.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Round of 16, Replay: Cuba vs Romania
Cuba replaced their goalkeeper but the performance from Juan Ayra was equally exceptional as the one from Benito Carvajales in the original match. Romania took the lead with Dobay in the first half. Cuba fought back and scored two goals in rapid succession in the early times of the second half. Cuba managed to hold out to reach the quarter-finals against all odds.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Quarter-finals, Hungary vs Switzerland
Hungary looked like the stronger team as the Swiss were missing key players such as Georges Aeby and Severino Minelli. Hungary took the lead with a header from Sárosi. The result was in doubt for most of the second half, until Zsengellér sealed the game with a long-range effort in the dying minutes. Switerzland's manager Karl Rappan resigned after the game.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Quarter-finals, Sweden vs Cuba
The result was never in doubt as Sweden was more accustomed to playing at this level. Wetterström netted a hat-trick before half-time, with the Cubans unable to deal with the relentless Swedish forward play, especially after Arias was forced to leave the pitch injuered. Tomás Fernández missed a penalty for Cuba.


1938 FIFA World Cup final tournament, Quarter-finals, Replay: Brazil vs Czechoslovakia
Because of the troubling effect of the first game, which saw several players getting injured or sent off, both teams had to make many changes to their line-ups (nine for Brazil and 5 for Czechoslovakia). Czechoslovakia took the lead with Kopecký in the 25th minute. In the second half, Brazil levelled with their captain, Leônidas, but soon after Czechoslovakia's players believed that a shot by Karel Senecký had crossed the lines, but the goal was not given. Following another attack from Czechoslovakia, Brazil scored a second goal from a fast counter-attack capitalised by the debutant Roberto. Brazil managed to hold out to reach the semi-finals.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification
A total of 37 teams entered the 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds, competing for a total of 16 spots in the final tournament. For the first time the title holders and the host country were given automatic qualification. Therefore, France, as the hosts, and Italy, as the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 14 spots open for competition.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification
Due to the Spanish Civil War, Spain  withdrew from the competition. The remaining 34 teams were divided into 12 groups, based on geographical considerations, as follows:


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification
However, due to the withdrawal of Austria after qualifying (they had been annexed by Germany), only 15 teams actually competed in the final tournament. FIFA did not offer participation to the runner-up of the group that Austria had played in, Latvia.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification
A total of 21 teams played at least one qualifying match. A total of 22 qualifying matches were played, and 96 goals were scored (an average of 4.36 per match).


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 3
Poland finished above Yugoslavia on goal average, and thus qualified.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 4
Egypt were to play Romania on 17 December 1937. However, Egypt withdrew from the competition after Egyptian officials dictaded in the country. Therefore, Romania qualified after Egypt invited Austrian club side First Vienna to play the friendly match against national team.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 8, Final round
Austria qualified, but was later incorporated by Germany during the Anschluss. FIFA offered the place to England (winner of the 1937–38 British Home Championship), who had opted not to enter the competition, but they declined the offer; FIFA decided not to allow anyone else to qualify, leaving the World Cup one team short.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 11, First round
Costa Rica, Dutch Guiana, El Salvador, Mexico, Colombia and the United States all withdrew, so Cuba qualified automatically for the second round.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification, Group 11, Second round
All other teams than Cuba had withdrawn from competition, so thus qualified automatically for the finals.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification, Qualified teams
11 of the 15 teams subsequently failed to qualify for the 1950 finals: Belgium, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dutch East Indies, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Poland and Romania.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1
The four teams in this group would play against each other once. The group winner and runner-up would qualify for the 1938 FIFA World Cup held in France.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Sweden vs Finland
Team:01 – GK – Gustav Sjöberg02 – DF – Valter Lundgren03 – DF – Olle Källgren04 – MF – Kurt Svanström05 – MF – Gunnar Löfgren06 – MF – Ernst Andersson (capt.) 07 – FW – Gustaf Josefsson08 – FW – Erik Persson09 – FW – Olle Zetherlund10 – FW – Lennart Bunke11 – FW – Axel Nilsson


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Sweden vs Finland
Scorers: 60' 1–0 Lennart Bunke 65' 2–0 Erik Persson 70' 3–0 Kurt Svanström 81' 4–0 Lennart Bunke


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Sweden vs Finland
Team:01 – GK – Paavo Salminen02 – DF – Frans Karjagin03 – DF – Ragnar Lindbäck04 – MF – Eino Lahti05 – MF – Kaarlo Oksanen (capt.) 06 – MF – Eino Kilpi07 – FW – Lauri Taipale08 – FW – Kurt Weckström09 – FW – Aatos Lehtonen10 – FW – Sulo Salo11 – FW – Yrjö Kylmälä


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Sweden vs Estonia
Team:01 – GK – Gustav Sjöberg02 – DF – Valter Lundgren03 – DF – Olle Källgren04 – MF – Erik Almgren05 – MF – Gunnar Löfgren06 – MF – Kurt Svanström07 – FW – Gustaf Josefsson08 – FW – Sven Jonasson09 – FW – Bertil Ericsson10 – FW – Lennart Bunke (capt.) 11 – FW – Gustav Wetterström


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Sweden vs Estonia
Scorers: 7' 1–2 Gustaf Josefsson 40' 2–2 Lennart Bunke 41' 3–2 Gustaf Josefsson 49' 4–2 Sven Jonasson (pen.) 73' 5–2 Gustav Wetterström 77' 6–2 Gustav Wetterström 84' 7–2 Gustav Wetterström


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Sweden vs Estonia
Team:01 – GK – Evald Tipner (capt.) 02 – DF – Voldemar Peterson03 – DF – Valter Neeris04 – MF – Karl-Rudolf Sillak05 – MF – Egon Parbo06 – MF – Helmuth Räästas07 – FW – Georg Siimenson08 – FW – Heinrich Uukkivi09 – FW – Richard Kuremaa10 – FW – Julius Kaljo11 – FW – Leonhard Kass


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Finland vs Germany
Team:01 – GK – Viljo Halme02 – DF – Frans Karjagin03 – DF – Ragnar Lindbäck04 – MF – Eino Lahti05 – MF – Kaarlo Oksanen (capt.) 06 – MF – Eino Kilpi07 – FW – Lauri Taipale08 – FW – Kurt Weckström09 – FW – Pentti Larvo10 – FW – Ernst Grönlund11 – FW – Nuutti Lintamo


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Finland vs Germany
Team:01 – GK – Hans Jakob02 – DF – Paul Janes03 – DF – Reinhold Münzenberg04 – MF – Andreas Kupfer05 – MF – Ludwig Goldbrunner06 – MF – Albin Kitzinger07 – FW – Ernst Lehner08 – FW – Rudolf Gellesch09 – FW – Otto Siffling10 – FW – Fritz Szepan (capt.) 11 – FW – Adolf Urban


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Finland vs Estonia
Team:01 – GK – Viljo Halme02 – DF – Frans Karjagin03 – DF – Kaarlo Oksanen04 – MF – William Kanerva05 – MF – Jarl Malmgren (capt.) 06 – MF – Eino Lahti07 – FW – Paavo Virtanen08 – FW – Kurt Weckström09 – FW – Aatos Lehtonen10 – FW – Sulo Salo11 – FW – Holger Salin


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Finland vs Estonia
Team:01 – GK – Evald Tipner (capt.) 02 – DF – Elmar Tepp03 – DF – Valter Neeris04 – MF – Karl–Rudolf Sillak05 – MF – Egon Parbo06 – MF – Juho Matsalu07 – FW – Georg Siimenson08 – FW – Julius Kaljo09 – FW – Richard Kuremaa10 – FW – Ralf Veidemann11 – FW – Heinrich Uukkivi


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Germany vs Estonia
Team:01 – GK – Hans Jakob02 – DF – Paul Janes03 – DF – Reinhold Münzenberg04 – MF – Walter Rose05 – MF – Ludwig Goldbrunner06 – MF – Erwin Schädler07 – FW – Ernst Lehner08 – FW – Josef Gauchel09 – FW – Hans Berndt10 – FW – Fritz Szepan (capt.) 11 – FW – Wilhelm Simetsreiter


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Germany vs Estonia
Scorers: 50' 1–1 Ernst Lehner 53' 2–1 Josef Gauchel 65' 3–1 Ernst Lehner 86' 4–1 Josef Gauchel


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Germany vs Estonia
Team:01 – GK – Evald Tipner (capt.) 02 – DF – Elmar Tepp03 – DF – Valter Neeris06 – MF – Karl–Rudolf Sillak04 – MF – Ferdinand Murr05 – MF – Egon Parbo07 – FW – Georg Siimenson10 – FW – Julius Kaljo09 – FW – Richard Kuremaa11 – FW – Ralf Veidemann08 – FW – Heinrich Uukkivi


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Germany vs Sweden
Team:01 – GK – Hans Jakob02 – DF – Paul Janes03 – DF – Reinhold Münzenberg04 – MF – Andreas Kupfer05 – MF – Ludwig Goldbrunner06 – MF – Rudolf Gellesch07 – FW – Ernst Lehner08 – FW – Helmut Schön09 – FW – Otto Siffling10 – FW – Fritz Szepan (capt.) 11 – FW – Adolf Urban


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Germany vs Sweden
Scorers: 2' 1–0 Otto Siffling 8' 2–0 Fritz Szepan 48' 3–0 Helmut Schön 57' 4–0 Otto Siffling 63' 5–0 Helmut Schön


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 1, Matches, Germany vs Sweden
Team:01 – GK – Sven Bergqvist02 – DF – Ivar Eriksson03 – DF – Karl Johansson04 – MF – Lars Flodin05 – MF – Sven Nilsson (capt.) 06 – MF – Karl-Erik Grahn07 – FW – Malte Mårtensson08 – FW – Lennart Carlsson09 – FW – Arne Nyberg10 – FW – Gunnar Bergström11 – FW – Åke Andersson


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2
In the 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, the two teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner Norway qualified for the third FIFA World Cup held in France.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Norway vs Ireland
Team:01 - GK - Tom Blohm02 - DF - Rolf Johannessen03 - DF - Rolf Holmberg04 - MF - Frithjof Ulleberg05 - MF - Nils Eriksen (capt.) 06 - MF - Rolf Holmberg08 - FW - Reidar Kvammen10 - FW - Magnar Isaksen07 - FW - Odd Frantzen09 - FW - Alf Martinsen11 - FW - Arne Brustad


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Norway vs Ireland
Scorers:1-0 Reidar Kvammen (30')2-2 Reidar Kvammen (64')3-2 Alf Martinsen (78')


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Norway vs Ireland
Team:01 - GK - George McKenzie02 - DF - Joe Williams03 - DF - Mick Hoy04 - MF - Joe O'Reilly05 - MF - Charlie Turner (capt.) 06 - MF - Owen Kinsella07 - FW - Tommy Donnelly08 - FW - Joey Donnelly09 - FW - Jimmy Dunne10 - FW - Billy Jordan11 - FW - Matty Geoghegan


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Norway vs Ireland
NOTE: Rolf Holmberg missed a penalty (Alf Martinsen was fouled) at the end of the first half.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Ireland vs Norway
Team:01 - GK - George McKenzie02 - DF - Willie O'Neill03 - DF - Bill Gorman04 - MF - Joe O'Reilly05 - MF - Charlie Turner (capt.) 06 - MF - Tom Arrigan07 - FW - Kevin O'Flanagan08 - FW - Harry Duggan09 - FW - Jimmy Dunne10 - FW - Johnny Carey11 - FW - Tommy Foy


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Ireland vs Norway
Scorers:1-0 Jimmy Dunne (10')2-3 Kevin O'Flanagan (62')3-3 Harry Duggan (89')


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Ireland vs Norway
Team:01 - GK - Sverre Nordby02 - DF - Rolf Johannessen03 - DF - Øivind Holmsen04 - MF - Kristian Henriksen05 - MF - Nils Eriksen (capt.) 06 - MF - Rolf Holmberg08 - FW - Reidar Kvammen10 - FW - Odd Frantzen07 - FW - Kjell Eeg09 - FW - Alf Martinsen11 - FW - Jørgen Hval


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Ireland vs Norway
Unused Substitutes: - GK - Anker Kihle - MF - Oddmund Andersen - FW - Torkild Andersen


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 2, Matches, Ireland vs Norway
Scorers:1-1 Reidar Kvammen (26')1-2 Reidar Kvammen (33')1-3 Alf Martinsen (49')


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3
In the 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, the two teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner Poland qualified for the third FIFA World Cup held in France.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, Matches, Poland vs Yugoslavia
Team:01 - GK - Adolf Krzyk02 - DF - Władysław Szczepaniak (capt.) 03 - DF - Antoni Gałecki04 - MF - Wilhelm Góra05 - MF - Erwin Nyc06 - MF - Ewald Dytko07 - FW - Bolesław Habowski08 - FW - Leonard Piątek09 - FW - Jerzy Wostal10 - FW - Ernst Wilimowski11 - FW - Gerard Wodarz


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, Matches, Poland vs Yugoslavia
Unused Substitutes: - GK - Edward Madejski - FW - Walerian Kisieliński - ? - Jerzy Kula - ? - Sylwester Nowakowski - ? - Jan Pająk


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, Matches, Poland vs Yugoslavia
Scorers:1-0 Leonard Piątek (3')2-0 Leonard Piątek (4')3-0 Jerzy Wostal (57')4-0 Ernst Wilimowski (78')


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, Matches, Poland vs Yugoslavia
Team:01 - GK - Franjo Glaser02 - DF - Bernard Hügl03 - DF - Jozo Matošić04 - MF - Gustav Lehner05 - MF - Ivan Stevović06 - MF - Mirko Kokotović07 - FW - Ivan Medarić08 - FW - Blagoje Marjanović09 - FW - Svetislav Valjarević10 - FW - Đorđe Vujadinović (capt.) 11 - FW - Branko Pleše


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, Matches, Yugoslavia vs Poland
Team:01 - GK - Franjo Glaser02 - DF - Bernard Hügl03 - DF - Ernest Dubac04 - MF - Gustav Lehner05 - MF - Ivan Jazbinšek06 - MF - Bruno Knežević07 - FW - August Šipoš08 - FW - Blagoje Marjanović09 - FW - August Lešnik10 - FW - Vojin Božović11 - FW - Mirko Kokotović


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, Matches, Yugoslavia vs Poland
Team:01 - GK - Edward Madejski02 - DF - Władysław Szczepaniak (capt.) 03 - DF - Antoni Gałecki04 - MF - Wilhelm Góra05 - MF - Erwin Nyc06 - MF - Ewald Dytko07 - FW - Ryszard Piec08 - FW - Leonard Piątek09 - FW - Jerzy Wostal10 - FW - Ernst Wilimowski11 - FW - Gerard Wodarz


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 3, Matches, Yugoslavia vs Poland
Unused Substitutes: - GK - Władysław Pawłowski - DF - Erwin Michalski - FW - Fryderyk Scherfke - ? - Sylwester Nowakowski


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 5
In the 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 5, the two teams played against each once on neutral ground. The winner Switzerland qualified for the third FIFA World Cup held in France.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 5, Match, Switzerland vs Portugal
Team:01 - GK - Willy Huber02 - DF - Severino Minelli (capt.) 03 - DF - Adolf Stelzer04 - MF - Hermann Springer05 - MF - Sirio Vernati06 - MF - Ernst Lörtscher07 - FW - Alfred Bickel11 - FW - Lauro Amadò10 - FW - Leopold Kielholz08 - FW - André Abegglen09 - FW - Georges Aeby


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 5, Match, Switzerland vs Portugal
Team:01 - GK - João Azevedo02 - DF - José Simões03 - DF - Gustavo Teixeira (capt.) 04 - MF - Mariano Amaro05 - MF - Francisco Albino06 - MF - Carlos Pereira07 - FW - Adolfo Mourão08 - FW - Manuel Soeiro09 - FW - Fernando Peyroteo10 - FW - Pinga11 - FW - João Cruz


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6
The 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6 took place from January to March 1938. Hungary as the strongest team of this group was seeded. Greece and Palestine (British Mandate) would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. Hungary would play against the winner at home. The winner would qualify for the third FIFA World Cup held in France.


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Palestine (British Mandate) vs Greece
Team:01 - GK - Julius Klein02 - DF - Avraham Beit haLevi03 - DF - Avraham Reznik (capt.) 04 - MF - Yosef Libermann05 - MF - Yohanan Sukenik06 - MF - Menahem Mirmovich07 - FW - Mila Ginzburg08 - FW - Shuka Brashedski09 - FW - Peri Neufeld10 - FW - Gaul Machlis11 - FW - Avraham Nudelmann


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Palestine (British Mandate) vs Greece
Team:01 - GK - Spyros Sklavounos02 - DF - Georgios Gasparis03 - DF - Georgios Papadopoulos04 - MF - Anastassios Kritikos05 - MF - Antonis Kasimatis sub 46'06 - MF - Konstantinos Gikas07 - FW - Antonis Migiakis (capt.) 08 - FW - Dimitris Baltatsis09 - FW - Kleanthis Vikelidis10 - FW - Kleanthis Maropoulos11 - FW - Theologis Symeonidis


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Palestine (British Mandate) vs Greece
Scorers:0-1 Kleanthis Vikelidis (15')0-2 Kleanthis Vikelidis (30')1-3 Antonis Migiakis (73')


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Greece vs Palestine (British Mandate)
Team:01 - GK - Spyros Sklavounos sub 15'02 - DF - Georgios Gasparis03 - DF - Georgios Papadopoulos04 - MF - Anastassios Kritikos05 - MF - Spyros Kontoulis06 - MF - Konstantinos Gikas07 - FW - Antonis Migiakis (capt.) 08 - FW - Spyros Depountis09 - FW - Kleanthis Vikelidis10 - FW - Kleanthis Maropoulos11 - FW - Vassilis Manetas


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Greece vs Palestine (British Mandate)
Team:01 - GK - Israel Elsner02 - DF - Avraham Beit haLevi03 - DF - Avraham Reznik (capt.) 06 - MF - Yosef Libermann05 - MF - Gdalyahu Fuchs04 - MF - Menahem Mirmovich08 - FW - Yona Stern10 - FW - Jerry Beit haLevi09 - FW - Peri Neufeld07 - FW - Gaul Machlis11 - FW - Natan Panz


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Hungary vs Greece
Team:01 - GK - József Háda02 - DF - Lajos Korányi03 - DF - Sándor Bíró04 - MF - Gyula Lázár05 - MF - György Szűcs06 - MF - István Balogh07 - FW - Ferenc Sas08 - FW - Jenő Vincze09 - FW - József Nemes10 - FW - Gyula Zsengellér11 - FW - Pál Titkos


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Hungary vs Greece
Scorers:1-0 Gyula Zsengellér (15')2-0 Pál Titkos (18')3-0 Gyula Zsengellér (23', pen.) 4-0 Gyula Zsengellér (25')5-0 Jenő Vincze (30')6-0 József Nemes (37')7-0 József Nemes (41')8-0 József Nemes (51')9-0 Gyula Zsengellér (67')10-0 Pál Titkos (82')11-0 Gyula Zsengellér (85')


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Matches, Hungary vs Greece
Team:01 - GK - Spyros Sklavounos02 - DF - Nikos Tsaganias03 - DF - Georgios Papadopoulos04 - MF - Kimonas Deligiannis05 - MF - Spyros Kontoulis06 - MF - Konstantinos Gikas07 - FW - Antonis Migiakis (capt.) 08 - FW - Kleanthis Maropoulos09 - FW - Kleanthis Vikelidis10 - FW - Lefteris Makris11 - FW - Kostas Christodoulou


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 6, Team stats, Greece
Head coach:  Kostas Negrepontis (first and second match);  Alan Buckett (third match)


1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 7
In the 1938 FIFA World Cup qualification Group 7, the two teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner would qualify for the third FIFA World Cup held in France.