1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On April 15 at the board of control meeting the following transfers and registrations occurred. H. Crook (Devonport), subject to Newton approval, A.C. Miller (Devonport), from City Rovers; A.C. Greenwood (Devonport), from Otahuhu; Robert L. Merrick (Newton), approved by Northland and the New Zealand Council; J.L. Wall (Ellerslie), to Newton; A.G. Kennedy, of Hobsonville, A.H. Forbes (Kumeu) and T.G. Jordan (Northcote) to Devonport. Transfers:- K. Finlayson, Otahuhu thirds, to Marist Old Boys’ senior reserves; R.G. Aro, Ponsonby to Marists; Norman Boyd, Marists to Ponsonby. Clearances:- R. White (Pukemiro), to Newton; George Tittleton and Wally Tittleton, Taupiri to Richmond, approved by South Auckland. J. O’Brien's registration from Huntly with Mount Albert was referred back to South Auckland. Arnold Porteous was reinstated and allowed to play for City Rovers.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
At the ARL executive meeting on April 22 the following registrations were accepted: M. Simms (Devonport), A. McGill (Devonport), Wally Tittleton (Richmond), George Tittleton (Richmond), C.J. Glasgow (Newton), E.A. Morgan (Ponsonby), A.J. Watkins (Mount Albert). Leonard L. Knock was reinstated and registered with Newton. The following transfer were approved: H. Crook, Newton to Devonport; A. Wicks, Devonport to R.V. ; F.R. Halsey, Otahuhu to Mount Albert; M. Hucker, Otahuhu to Mount Albert; V. Barchard, City to Marist.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
From the April 29 meeting the following transfers were approved:- R. Middleton (Newton to Ponsonby); George A. Kerr (Newton to Devonport); Arnold O. Porteous (Newton to City); W. Cuff (Mount Albert to Newton); Midgley (Ponsonby), subject to regrade, Dunn (Ellerslie) and Shippe (Mount Albert), to Green Lane. Ponsonby informed the league that R. Bright and Lou Hutt had been granted transfers to Newton. Other players registered were W. Barlow, T. Allen (City), S.J. Davis, N.L. Parris (Ponsonby), R.L. Haslam, R. Aro, John Anderson (Marist). Arnold Porteous and Leonard L. Knock's re-instatements were approved.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On May 6 the following registrations were approved:- E.A. Jones (Grey Lynn), J. Greenwood (Ponsonby), K Fletcher (Mount Eden), to Richmond; R. Farrington (Eden Terrace) to Ponsonby; H.A. McCarthy (Ponsonby) and W.N. Paine, subject to clearance from Pirates, West Coast, to City; G.L. Breed (Otahuhu, to Marist Old Boys. Clearances:- John Anderson (Marist) from West Coast; H.R. Hadley (Richmond), from NSW; R.O. Jones (Ponsonby), from Wellington; Jack Whye (Manukau), from Otahuhu, subject to registration. Reinstatement:- J. Rutherford (Onehunga) to Manukau, subject to transfer from City. Transfers:- H.R. Smith, Point Chevalier to Richmond; R. Philp, Otahuhu to Manukau; A.C. Greenwood, Otahuhu to Devonport.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On May 12 J.T. Silva was granted a transfer from Ellerslie to the Green Lane senior B team. The transfer of J. Kelly from Otahuhu to Green Lane was referred to the senior board while the transfer of E.J. Ginders from Green Lane to Newton was referred back to the board, as Ginders was not considered to come under the rule as applying to junior players.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On May 20 F. Flavell was granted a transfer from Waiuku senior B to Newton Rangers. The transfers of Wm. Tittleton from Taupiri to Richmond, and J.F. Wilton from Newton Rangers to Huntly were referred to the New Zealand Council.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
The following players were granted transfers on May 27:- Reg Johnson (City to Manukau), D. Tuck (Newton to City), C. Spiro (Mount Albert to City), R. Smith (Devonport to Newton), and T. Pawson (Taupiri to Mt Albert – subject to appeal). H.N. Halliwell and Mervyn Lyon were registered to Mount Albert. N. Pell and C. Bright of Newton were regraded to the Waiuku Senior B team.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
A.C. Miller of Grey Lynn registered with the Mount Albert senior reserves on June 3. J.A. Mackinnon of Grey Lynn registered with Newton, F. McR. Murray of Zingari-Richmond RU club in Dunedin registered, as did P. Mahima who was transferring from Waiuku to Manukau. James J. Shepherd applied for reinstatement after playing for the Hutt RU club in Wellington. He was seeking a clearance from his former City Rovers club to join Richmond.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On June 10 the following transfer was approved: R. Keesing from Ponsonby to Green Lane senior B. Clearances were granted for Carl von Lubbe from West Coast to Auckland; T. Pawson from South Auckland to Auckland; and C.W. Haydon from Wellington to Auckland. The following were registered: W.E. Robinson with Marist; A.W. Carter and J.H. Steele to Ponsonby. R.S. Pyke was regraded from City reserves to Papakura senior B.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On June 17 the following players were registered: J. Reeve to Marist; B. Donaldson to Mount Albert; Ernest A. Neale to Devonport; A.L. Beasley to Devonport; H.G. Shalfoon and L. Maddren to Ponsonby; and M. Grey to City. E.G. Williams was granted a transfer from the Kensington club in Whangarei to City subject to approval by the New Zealand Council.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On June 24 H. Perfect was registered with Marist. Ex-NZ international Craddock Dufty came out of retirement and registered with the City club pending approval from his former club Ellerslie. R.M. Farrell registered with Mount Albert. Tai Raymond, an ex-Bay of Plenty rugby union representative was registering with City, as were A. Dent who was joining from Northland, and R. Doonin (of Balmoral).


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On July 8 L.G. Andrews and R.J. Hobbs registered with Newton subject to a transfer from Richmond; F. Moate (of Tokomaru Bay), and A.N. Finlayson (of Northland) registered with Marist. Phil Donovan was reinstated subject to approval by the New Zealand Council.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On July 14 F.C.H. Pope was transferred from City 3rd grade to Newton reserves. G. Phillips transferred from Manukau seniors to Otahuhu senior B, while R.A. Burrell transferred from Papakura to Otahuhu senior B.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
The August 19 meeting of the board of control saw the transfer of J. Cooper of the Manaia club at Tuakau to the City Rovers. M. Proctor transferred from Manukau to Newton, while P. Serra from the Addington club in Christchurch joined the Marist Old Boys. N McKinney registered with Ponsonby, and E. McCarthy registered with City.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
At the board of control meeting on August 26 R.B. Reed was registered with the Newton Rangers. A.D. Mitchell was reinstated and transferred from Richmond to Newton pending approval by the New Zealand Council.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On 29 August at the board meeting T. Lynch was registered with the City Rovers, A. Beyer with Richmond, Lance Evans (ex-Canterbury) with Mount Albert, and D.G. Black (ex Grafton club) with Ponsonby.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On September 9 the following players were registered : Walter P. Brimble with Manukau, Ivan Christoff to Newton, Clive Murdoch and Andrew F. Fletcher to Marist, Morrice D. Dalton to Richmond, Robert Loui, George Marsh and Norman Shalfoon to City. P. Minnix of the Manaia (Tuakau) transferred to City.


1936 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior grade registrations and transfers
On September 16 Bernard J. Patten, Royce Davis, and W. Fleet were registered with the Manukau club. M. Grey was transferred from the City reserves to the Green Lane senior B side.


1936 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The 1936 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of rugby union matches undertaken by the Australia team in New Zealand against invitational and national teams of New Zealand.


1936 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand
The most important matches were the two test matches against New Zealand - The "All Blacks" won both and regained the Bledisloe Cup lost during the 1934 tour in Australia


1936 Australian Championships
The 1936 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 18 to 27 January (No matches were scheduled on Tuesday 21 January after the death of King George V). It was the 29th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 6th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Adrian Quist and Joan Hartigan.


1936 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Singles
Adrian Quist defeated  Jack Crawford  6–2, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 9–7


1936 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Adrian Quist /  Don Turnbull defeated  Jack Crawford /  Vivian McGrath 6–8, 6–2, 6–1, 3–6, 6–2


1936 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Thelma Coyne /  Nancye Wynne defeated  May Blick /  Kath Woodward 6–2, 6–4


1936 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Nell Hall Hopman /  Harry Hopman defeated  May Blick /  Abel Kay 6–2, 6–0


1936 Australian Championships – Men's Doubles
Adrian Quist and Don Turnbull defeated the defending champions Jack Crawford and Vivian McGrath 6–8, 6–2, 6–1, 3–6, 6–2, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.


1936 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
Adrian Quist defeated Jack Crawford 6–2, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 9–7 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.


1936 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Adrian Quist is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1936 Australian Championships – Mixed Doubles
Six years after the first one, and now as a married couple, Nell Hopman and Harry Hopman claimed their second domestic title by defeating May Blick and Abel Kay 6–2, 6–0, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.


1936 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
Thelma Coyne and Nancye Wynne defeated May Blick and Kath Woodward 6–2, 6–4 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.


1936 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
This was their first of the all-time record ten Australian Women's Doubles titles as a pair. This win also marked the start of their pre-Open Era record five consecutive Australian Women's Doubles titles streak.


1936 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
Joan Hartigan defeated Nancye Wynne 6-4, 6-4, in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1936 Australian Championships.


1936 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Joan Hartigan is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1936 Australian Tourist Trophy
The 1936 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 30 March 1936. The race was held over 60 laps of the new 3.312 mile "triangular circuit", a total distance of 200 miles. It was open to factory built and catalogued racing cars and sports cars, irrespective of engine capacity. The race, which was organised by the Australian Racing Drivers Club, was contested on a handicap basis  with the 'Limit' starter, HR Reeves (MG P-type), given a 38-minute start on the 'Scratch' starter, J McCutcheon (Day Special).


1936 Australian Tourist Trophy
The race was won by JH Fagan  driving an MG K3 Magnette. Of the sixteen starters only six finished and of those, only two were officially placed as the other four failed to complete the course within the prescribed time limit, which had been set at 15 minutes after the winner completed the race.


1936 BYU Cougars football team
The 1936 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1936 college football season. In their ninth and final season under head coach G. Ott Romney, the Cougars compiled a 4–5 record (4–4 against RMC opponents), finished sixth in the RMC, scored 123 points, and allowed opponents to score 123 points.


1936 Balham and Tooting by-election
The Balham and Tooting by-election of 1936 was held on 23 July 1936. The by-election was held after the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Alfred Butt, 1st Baronet resigned in June 1936 over a scandal concerning a leak of budget details from which he was believed to have benefitted financially. It was won by the Conservative candidate George  Doland.


1936 Balkan Cup
The 1936 Balkan Cup was the seventh Balkan Cup football tournament. The national teams of Greece, Bulgaria and Romania took part and it was won by Romania, also host of the tournament. The top goalscorer was Schwartz from Romania with 4 goals.


1936 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1936 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference (IIC) during the 1936 college football season. In its second season under head coach John Magnabosco, the team compiled a 3–4–1 record (3–3–1 against IIC opponents), and finished in eighth place out of 15 teams in the conference.


1936 Baltic Cup
The 1936 Baltic Cup was held in Riga, Latvia on 20–22 August 1935. It was the eighth time three Baltic states — Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania — came together to play a friendly tournament and determine the best team amongst them. Latvia won the tournament beating both opponents 2–1.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
The first elections to select inductees to the Baseball Hall of Fame were held in 1936. Members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) were given authority to select individuals from the 20th century; while a special Veterans Committee, made up of individuals with greater familiarity with the 19th century game, was polled to select deserving individuals from that era. The intent was for 15 honorees to be selected before the 1939 ceremonies – 10 from the 20th century and 5 from the 19th; additional players from both eras would be selected in later years.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Voters were given free rein to decide for themselves in which group a candidate belonged, with neither group knowing the outcome of the other election; some candidates had their vote split between the elections as a result – Cy Young, the pitcher with most wins in Major League history, finished 8th in the BBWAA vote and 4th in the Veterans vote. In addition, there was no prohibition on voting for active players, a number of whom received votes. Individuals who had been banned from baseball – such as Shoeless Joe Jackson and Hal Chase – were also not formally excluded, though few voters chose to include them on ballots.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
In the BBWAA election, voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates, the same number of desired selections; in the Veterans' election, voters were also instructed to vote for 10, although the desire for only 5 initial selections led to revisions in the way the votes were counted. Any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots in either election would be honored with induction to the Hall upon its opening in the sport's supposed centennial year of 1939.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA vote
A total of 226 ballots were cast, with 2,231 individual votes for 47 specific candidates, an average of 9.87 per ballot; 170 votes were required for election. Initial ballots included 33 players listed as suggestions, although revised ballots were later sent with an additional seven names; when questions arose about players who had been omitted, voters needed to be reminded that these names were simply intended as suggestions rather than the entire field of possibilities, and that write-in votes were fully allowed. Candidates who were listed on the ballot as suggestions are indicated here with a dagger (†). The five candidates who received at least 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics:


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans vote
A total of 78 ballots were cast by players, writers, managers and officials who had first-hand familiarity with 19th-century baseball, resulting in 371 individual votes for 57 specific candidates; 59 votes were required for election. No candidates were elected, possibly because of a great deal of confusion regarding the voting procedure.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans vote
The ballots which were issued in this vote also featured a list of suggested candidates, which was amended after complaints that Ed Delahanty, Willie Keeler and Cy Young should be on this ballot as well as that for the 20th century; but when some voters expressed doubts regarding the possibility of write-in votes, a letter including clearer instructions specifically allowing for write-ins had to be mailed.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans vote
Many voters were also under the impression that they were to select an "All-Star team" of 10 players, with one at each position; 58 ballots cast in this manner were sent back to the voters to be re-cast, although 10 voters returned the ballots unaltered, stating that was the way they wished to vote regardless of the instructions. The results were delayed for several days until early February while these reminders and revisions took place.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans vote
It was further decided, during the tabulations and after the voting, that voters would each be restricted to 5 total votes in order to limit the initial 19th century selections to 5 players; but since most voters had cast votes for 10, it was ruled that each vote would only count as 1/2 in the total for that candidate – making a 75% tally nearly mathematically impossible. When the votes were tabulated with this method, only two candidates had totals reaching even 50% of the required number.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans vote
Plans for a runoff election featuring only the top 12 finishers, to be held prior to the 1939 opening of the Hall, never materialized; even with all the problems, the 1936 vote would remain the Hall's most successful attempt to seek a wide vote from experts on the era regarding candidates from that period.


1936 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Veterans vote
Candidates who were listed as suggestions on the ballot are indicated here with a †. Candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics, as is Honus Wagner, who was elected in the BBWAA vote:


1936 Baylor Bears football team
The 1936 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1936 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Morley Jennings, the Bears compiled a 6–3–1 record (3–2–1 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 128 to 90. They played their home games at Waco Stadium in Waco, Texas. Lloyd O. Russell was the team captain.


1936 Belgian general election
General elections were held in Belgium on 24 May 1936. The result was a victory for the Belgian Labour Party, which won 70 of the 202 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 39 of the 101 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 94.7%.


1936 Belgian general election
Despite the rise of far-right and far-left parties, Paul van Zeeland continued as Prime Minister leading a government of national unity, composed of the three major parties (Catholics, Socialists and Liberals).


1936 Belgian general election, Constituencies
The distribution of seats among the electoral districts of the Chamber of Representatives was as follows. Several arrondissements got one or more additional seats. Roeselare-Tielt lost one seat, which was a rare occurrence since population generally increased throughout the Belgian territory with each census.


1936 Benalla Centenary Race
The 1936 Benalla Centenary Race was a motor race staged at the Benalla Circuit at Benalla in Victoria, Australia on Easter Monday, 13 April 1936. The 100-mile race, which was organised by the Victorian Sporting Car Club, was open to cars of 'all powers'. It was contested on a handicap basis with the 'Limit Man', J O’Dea (MG), given a 20-minute start on the 'Scratch Man', Jack Day (Day Special"). The race, which was organised to celebrate the centenary of the town of Benalla, was claimed to be the first road race to be contested on the Victorian mainland.


1936 Benalla Centenary Race
B Dentry (Riley Special), was flagged in as the winner of the race but rechecks after protests had been lodged saw the victory awarded to Les Murphy (MG P-type). Further checks conducted overnight resulted in Vin Maloney (MG Magna) being declared the winner from Dentry and Murphy.


1936 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1936 Big Ten Conference football season was the 41st season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1936 college football season.


1936 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1936 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, under head coach Bernie Bierman, compiled a 7–1 record and was ranked No. 1 in the final AP Poll, giving Minnesota its third consecutive national championship. Tackle Ed Widseth was a consensus first-team All-American and was the first Big Ten player taken in the 1937 NFL Draft with the fourth overall pick.


1936 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1936 Northwestern Wildcats football team, under head coach Pappy Waldorf, compiled a 7–1 record, won the Big Ten championship, and was ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll. The team's only loss came on the last day of the season against Notre Dame. Guard Steve Reid was a consensus first-team All-American.


1936 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1936 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Francis Schmidt, compiled a 5–3 record, led the Big Ten in scoring defense (3.4 points allowed per game), and outscored opponents 160 to 27. End Merle Wendt, tackle Charley Hamrick, and guard Inwood Smith were first-team All-Big Ten players.


1936 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy


1936 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
No Big Ten teams participated in any bowl games during the 1936 season.


1936 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Big Ten players
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1936 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1936 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Two Big Ten players were selected as consensus first-team players on the 1936 College Football All-America Team. They were:


1936 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Other Big Ten players received first-team honors from at least one selector. They were:


1936 Big Ten Conference football season, 1937 NFL Draft
The following Big Ten players were among the first 100 players selected in the 1937 NFL Draft:


1936 Birmingham Erdington by-election
The Birmingham Erdington by-election of 1936 was held on 20 October 1936. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Eales. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Wright.


1936 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team
The 1936 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Birmingham–Southern College as a member of the Dixie Conference during the 1936 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Jenks Gillem, the team compiled a 4–5 record.


1936 Birthday Honours
The King's Birthday Honours 1936 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King Edward VIII to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King. They were published on 19 June 1936.


1936 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1936 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1936 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King Edward VIII, were appointments made by the King on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 23 June 1936.


1936 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état
The 1936 Bolivian coup d'état, also known as the Socialist Revolution of 1936, was a civil-military coup in Bolivia that deposed President José Luis Tejada Sorzano, bringing an end to traditional political order and bringing forward the period of Military Socialism in the country. On 17 May 1936, following the largest strike movement known until then in Bolivia, the military under the young lieutenant colonel Germán Busch overthrew the government of Tejada. Busch held the reigns of government until 22 May when Colonel David Toro arrived from the Chaco and assumed the presidency under a military junta supported by the army, organized labor, and the United Socialist Party.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Political background
The Chaco War (1932–1935)  came to an end on 14 June 1935. The conclusion of the conflict was overseen by President José Luis Tejada Sorzano. He had been the vice president of Daniel Salamanca who in November 1934 was deposed by the military after having been in frequent conflict with the high command since the beginning of the war. Wishing to maintain democratic appearances, the army allowed Vice President Tejada Sorzano to assume the presidency.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Political background
Bolivia's disastrous defeat in the Chaco War had the immediate effect of plunging the nation into turmoil. The traditional political class which had ruled the country for half a century, and which Tejada Sorzano was a part of, saw its support evaporate as veterans returned to civilian life seeking a change in the status quo. Tejada Sorzano faced discontent from both the military and the civilian populace as well rapidly rising inflation as a result of the Chaco War and the Great Depression.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Political background, Gridlock in government
The inability of the traditional parties to deal with the rising political tensions has been attributed to their failure to coalesce in the face of the rapidly unifying social movements. The main point of contention blocking a coalition were disputes over leadership. President Salamanca had been a member of the Genuine Republican Party (PRG) but his vice president José Luis Tejada Sorzano was a member of the Liberal Party (PL). Elections had been held in 1934 which the PRG candidate Franz Tamayo won but, given the coup which occurred the same month, the results were annulled. Because of this, the PRG continued to push for Tamayo to be accepted while the Liberals wished to keep Tejada Sorzano as president. The third faction, the Socialist Republican Party (PRS) played the PRG and PL off of one another, maintaining the political gridlock.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Political background, Upheaval in the military
The military found itself dealing with internal conflict of its own. The senior officer class, discredited by failed tactics during the Chaco War, was forced to step aside in favor of the young officers led by the immensely popular lieutenant colonel Germán Busch. While Busch was a competent military man, his lack of political ability led him and the young officers around him to accept the more politically tactful Colonel David Toro as the leader of their movement. The result of all this was a leftward shift in military command which was far more sympathetic to the emerging social movement in the country.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Political background, Labor unions strike
Among the biggest concerns for the government was the return of organized labor. The labor movement was bolstered by discontent with the spiralling economy and the return of union organizers, soon surpassing their 1932 peak of influence. Beginning in 1935, workers strikes were organized, led by the two major labor unions, the Federation of Workers of Labor (FOT) and the Local Workers Federation (FOL). In response to rising prices in November, the FOT made a call for 100% wage increases for workers and a reduction in rental prices and consumer goods. This set in motion a chain of strikes across the country sending it into crisis.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Crisis and coup
Measures enacted by the government amounted to the "single exchange decree" which devalued the Boliviano and served only to exacerbate the situation. Finally, the FOT, led by labor activist Waldo Álvarez, sent an ultimatum to the government demanding free importation of basic necessities, the 100% increase in wages, the reduction of rent, the prohibition of work night, the suspension of the state of siege, guarantees for freedom of assembly, association, press and union organization, home for the maimed and disabled of war, and work for ex-combatants.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Crisis and coup
On 15 April 1936, the newspaper La República reported that "the FOT was preparing a great rally." The event did not occur due to lack of authorization but the point was made and negotiations between the FOT and the government began. However, these collapsed on 25 April. As a result, strikes worsened to the point that on 10 May newspapers themselves closed as journalists joined in the strike. By this point, the protests had evolved into the largest strike movement the country had ever seen at that time.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Crisis and coup
The strikes, supported by the FOT and the FOL, also received the endorsement of the newly established United Socialist Party (PSU) bringing a more radical left-wing element to them. A formal alliance was established between the PSU and the FOT on 15 May with the signatures of Carlos Montenegro and Waldo Álvarez, among others. Last resort attempts by the government to form a national unity cabinet with the opposition fell flat. The Liberals had actually lost a component of their coalition when on 4 February the Socialist Republicans, seeing the writing on the wall, jumped ship, signing a "pact" with the PSU against the government.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Crisis and coup
Given the danger of a revolt, the government called on the military to intervene. La Calle reported that the army had been ordered to "fire on the people if they were in favor of the strike." However, there would be no suppression by the military as Álvarez had managed to meet with David Toro and Germán Busch and had secured commitments of non-intervention.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Crisis and coup
The culmination of these strikes came on the night of 16 May 1936. A "Revolutionary Committee" made up of Enrique Baldivieso, Carlos Montenegro, and Augusto Céspedes among many others began a series of overtly revolutionary movements in  La Paz. The Club de la Unión "a place of the aristocracy" was occupied and a red flag raised at the site. This was followed by the Mayor's Office which found itself entirely surrounded by leftist militants.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Crisis and coup
Finally on the morning of 17 May, the military stepped in and issued an official demand that President José Luis Tejada Sorzano resign. The president would later claim that at the time of the coup he had been "sleeping tranquilly in my private residence, when at about 7:30 in the morning I was awoken by the caretaker of my children who told me that at the front door there were some civilians and soldiers who said to look for me. Long time ago familiar with the revolutionary bustles, I understood that my mandate had ended.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Crisis and coup
I indicated that she should tell the commissioners that I was in bed and that I would be able to receive them at 9:00." The request to wait was denied and Tejada Sorzano subsequently issued a short proclamation to the nation renouncing his presidency. He is quoted as having told one of the soldiers to "Tell Colonel Busch, without misrepresenting my words, that I have not ceased to praise his chivalry and military prowess and that I deplore for him that he has been placed in this situation." The former president soon after left the country for exile in Arica, Chile.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Aftermath and legacy
The coup passed without bloodshed and received broad social support. A civil-military junta was put in place which appointed Germán Busch provisional president until Colonel David Toro could return from surveying troop disarmament in the Chaco. In the afternoon of 17 May, the new regime and the trade unions under Álvarez began negotiations with Busch who agreed to all of the demands listed. The following day, the unions ordered that "all employees, workers in commerce, industry, banks, railways and transport, return to their respective jobs immediately." Toro arrived on 20 May and assumed the presidency on 22 May. On the same day, a decree was issued granting broad amnesty to all those prosecuted, confined and exiled for political crimes while the state of siege and restrictions on the press were lifted.


1936 Bolivian coup d'état, Aftermath and legacy
The success of the revolt was a shock to the Liberal oligarchy and brought an end to their strong grip on power. Began was a short era of an experimental idea known as Military Socialism which would be championed by both Toro and Busch until the latter's untimely demise in 1939. The first anniversary of the "Socialist Revolution of 1936" was declared a national holiday in 1937.


1936 Boston Bees season
The 1936 Boston Bees season was the 66th season of the franchise. The team finished sixth in the National League with a record of 71–83, 21 games behind the New York Giants. This was their first season under the nickname of Bees, which they would keep until 1940.


1936 Boston Bees season, Offseason
Near the end of the debacle of the 1935 season, Emil Fuchs gave up his share of the team and retired. Major League Baseball took control of the team to finish out the season and then sold it before the 1936 season began. The new owners put advertisements in the paper asking the public to come up with a new name for the team. Thus, the Boston Bees were born and the team's ballpark was renamed "The Bee Hive."


1936 Boston Bees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1936 Boston Bees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1936 Boston Bees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Boston Bees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Boston Bees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1936 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1936 college football season. The Eagles played their home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, and Fenway Park in Boston.


1936 Boston Red Sox season
The 1936 Boston Red Sox season was the 36th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished sixth in the American League (AL) with a record of 74 wins and 80 losses, 28+1⁄2 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1936 World Series.


1936 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1936 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1936 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned Run Average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Boston Redskins season
The 1936 Boston Redskins season was the franchise's 5th season in the National Football League . The team finished with a record of seven wins and five losses and finished in first place in the Eastern Division of the National Football League. They won their final three games of the regular season to win the division title, the finale was a 14–0 shutout of the New York Giants at the Polo Grounds.


1936 Boston Redskins season
The Redskins hosted the 1936 NFL Championship game against the favored Green Bay Packers, the Western Division champions with a 10–1–1 record and two regular season victories over Boston. The game was moved by owner George Preston Marshall from Fenway Park in Boston to the Polo Grounds in New York City to improve attendance. The Packers won the title game 21–6.


1936 Boston Redskins season
This was the first winning season for the Redskins, as well as their first championship game appearance. It was also the last season that the Redskins played in Boston; days after the title game, Marshall announced the move to his hometown of Washington, D.C. for the 1937 season.


1936 Boston Redskins season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1936 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1936 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1936 college football season. In its third season under head coach Pat Hanley, the team compiled a 5–1–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 87 to 39.


1936 Bowen state by-election
A by-election was held in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland seat of Bowen on 20 June 1936. The election was called following the death of the incumbent Labor Party member Charlie Collins. Collins had been named as leader of the Labor Party in Queensland just a few hours before his death.


1936 Bowen state by-election, Candidates
The candidates in the election were Ernest Joseph "Dick" Riordan from the Labor Party, John. P. Smith from the Country Party, Fred Paterson from the Communist Party of Australia, W. B. Morgan from the Douglas Credit Party and H.I. Madden from 'Farmers and Workers'.


1936 Bowen state by-election, Candidates, Labor Party
The selection of the Labor Party candidate had been hotly contested. A plebiscite was arranged. Riordan, the candidate winning the nomination with 189 votes, was an Australian Workers' Union leader, Bowen Town Council alderman and the brother of "Derby" Riordan. Other candidates in the fray were Wall (97 votes), Nolan (94 votes), Russell (93 votes), Wyper (51 votes), Kennedy (44 votes), Christensen (42 votes), Edwards (37 votes), Tabulo (33 votes), Kiterney (24 votes), Malcolm (23 votes), Walsh (20 votes), Gralton (17 votes), Dixon (16 votes), O'Sullivan (16 votes), Hanley (2 votes) and O'Donoghue (0 votes). Several complaints were lodged regarding the plebiscite.


1936 Bowen state by-election, Candidates, Labor Party
In their campaign the Labor Party organised many public meetings with speeches.


1936 Bowen state by-election, Candidates, Country Party
This was the first election contested by the Country Party in Queensland. The party announced that five parliamentarians would travel to Bowen to campaign for their candidate, Smith. The campaign of the party relied heavily on support from liberal newspapers, as well as face-to-face encounters with voters. One issue the party tried to raise in their campaign was the construction of Mackay Harbour. Criticizing the incumbent Labor government, the party asked why an artificial harbour at Mackay had been preferred over the natural harbour of Bowen.


1936 Bowen state by-election, Result
Whilst Riordan obtained absolute majority in the final count, the result for the communist candidate was impressive. Paterson managed to obtain 24.3% of the votes. In Collinsville there were just a few dozen votes separating the two candidates. In Proserpine Paterson obtained more votes than Riordan. On 23 June 1936, with almost all primary votes allotted (120 primary votes remained to be counted at the time), Riordan stood at 2623 votes (36.2%), Smith 2294 votes (31.7%), Paterson 1755 votes (24.2%), Madden 449 votes (6.2%) and Morgan 116 votes (1.6%). The final result was declared by Under Secretary of Justice G. A. Carter on 6 July 1936. With the three minor candidates eliminated and their preference votes counted Riordan had 3658 votes (58.9%) and Smith had 2553 votes (41.1%).


1936 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1936 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State College (later renamed Bowling Green State University) in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1936 college football season. In its second season under head coach Harry Ockerman, the team compiled a 4–2–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 66 to 60. James Inman was the team captain.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina
The 1936 British Lions tour of Argentina was a series of rugby union matches arranged between the British Lions and various Argentine teams. The tourists played ten matches, nine of which were against club and combined teams while one match took in a full Argentina national team. Despite being sanctioned by the International Rugby Board, no caps were awarded to players from either side.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina
This was the third and final international tour to South America by a combined British team, and although classed as the British Lions, it was predominantly English, with a handful of Scottish and Irish players.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina
The Lions won all the games played, scoring 399 points and conceding only 12.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
By 1936 Argentine rugby was in expansion and growth. Four years earlier, the Junior Springboks had visited the country to play several matches. In 1933 two South African players, Wollie Wolheim and Rybeck Elliot returned to Argentina to play for local team Hindú, which was considered by the Argentine Union as a sort of professionalism and Hindú was suspended for one season.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
In 1935 eleven players of San Isidro (the most important rugby team of Argentina by then) were suspended by the club executives. The banned players organised some friendly matches under the name "Abelleyra XV" until they established a new institution, San Isidro Club.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
The last Lions tour to Argentina came when former player Douglas Prentice, who had led the team during their tour to New Zealand an Australia in 1930 and was the current manager, arrived with twenty-three players. No Welsh players were part of the team despite Wales had won the Home Nations that year.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
The British played only one test v. Argentina at Gimnasia y Esgrima, with a record attendance of 15,000, on August 16th. The Lions won by 23–0. The Argentine line-up for that game was Héctor Alfonso; R. Elliot, Herbert Talbot, Horacio Pascuali, Emilio Schiavio; Percy Talbot, N.W. Cooper; Jorge Cilley, Gilbert Logan, José Frigoli; J.L. Francombe (cap), Tomás Salzman; Bernardo Mitchelstein, Víctor Inchausti, Archie Cameron.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
Belgrano was the only team to score a try against The Lions, when the visiting team won by 37–3.


1936 British Lions tour to Argentina, Match summary
Complete list of matches played by the British Isles in Argentina:


1936 British Mount Everest expedition
The 1936 British Mount Everest expedition was a complete failure, and raised questions concerning the planning of such expeditions. This was Hugh Ruttledge's second expedition as leader. Heavy snows and an early monsoon forced their retreat on several occasions, and on the final attempt two climbers narrowly survived an avalanche. This was the first expedition in which climbers were able to carry portable radios.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, 1935 reconnaissance expedition
The British had been sending expeditions to Mount Everest since the 1921 reconnaissance but none had managed to reach the summit. These had been planned and financed by the Mount Everest Committee, a joint committee of the Royal Geographical Society and the Alpine Club. The 1935 reconnaissance was a preliminary to an attempt on the summit of Mount Everest in 1936. Led by Eric Shipton, it was a small, low-cost effort which confirmed that the best route from Tibet was up the East Rongbuk Glacier to the North Col. In monsoon conditions in 1935 the party had not got much higher than the Col.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Planning
With Nepal still closed to climbers, the approach was again to be from the north side of the mountain. Above the North Col a few routes had been prospected on the 1922, 1924 and 1933 expeditions and a full-scale expedition (the largest yet) was again to be embarked upon. Long afterwards Shipton wrote


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Planning
I had hoped that the achievements of the 1935 expedition, which had been generously applauded, would convince the 'Establishment' of the virtues of a light and mobile party. In this I was sadly disappointed, and when it became clear that the 1936 attempt was to be launched on the same massive scale as before, I considered resigning my place on it. Having tasted the joys of simplicity and freedom in two long seasons of unrestricted travel, I felt so out of sympathy with the enterprise that I certainly should have had the strength of mind, the integrity, to refrain from joining it.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Planning
The rancorous arguments within and surrounding the Everest Committee preceding the 1935 reconnaissance had led to Shipton replacing Hugh Ruttledge for that one expedition but Ruttledge was confirmed as leader for 1936. Bill Tilman and Dan Bryant had not acclimatised well at altitude and so were not included in the party – both men agreed this was the right decision, Tilman even to the extent of providing financial support. Tilman then proceeded to show the decision had been wrong by leading a very successful team to reach the summit of the 25,645-foot (7,817 m) Nanda Devi in 1936, at that time the highest mountain to have been climbed.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Planning
Frank Smythe (Everest 1933) was de facto climbing leader and Shipton (1933, 1935), Percy Wyn Harris (1933), Edwin Kempson (1935), Charles Warren (1935), Bill Wager (1933) and Edmund Wigram (1935) all had previous Everest experience. Peter R. Oliver and James M.L. Gavin were brought in as "new blood" having impressed Smythe in the Alps. John Hunt was rejected after a medical examination detected a heart murmur and he was warned to be careful climbing stairs. Non -climbing members were John Morris (transport, 1922), Gordon Noel Humphreys (doctor) and William R. Smijth-Windham (communications, 1933). Oxygen equipment was to be taken and they had radio equipment allowing contact between base and Darjeeling. The total cost was to be about £10,000.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition
The party travelled via Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kampa Dzong and were blessed by the Lama when they reached Rongbuk Monastery on 25 April 1936 in fine weather and good snow conditions on the ground. Sixty porters had accompanied them from the start and another one hundred were recruited at Rongbuk. By 9 May Smythe, Shipton and Warren had reached the North Col at 23,030 feet (7,020 m) using the same line as the 1935 reconnaissance.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition
Heavy snow that day and next delayed progress and destroyed the steps cut to the Col itself so a fresh attempt was made on 13 May, led by Smythe. Smythe had been asked to save his energies for the summit by not cutting steps himself so he appointed Sherpa Rinzing to lead. This was the first time a Sherpa had led on an Everest climb. Fixed ropes had been installed to Camp IV at the top of the Col in five days whereas in 1933 it had taken fourteen.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition
Over the next two days Camp IV was established using 96 carries by porters, leaving thirty-six at the Col from where Smythe and Shipton were poised to establish the camps towards the summit. For the first time the climbers were able to use portable radios – the ones of "extreme lightness" weighed only 15 pounds (6.8 kg).


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition
However, on the north ridge conditions were not good with soft snow lying 2 feet (0.6 m) deep so, with more snowfall on 18 May, Smythe retreated to Camp III at the foot of the Col. Ruttledge then decided to withdraw to camp I because the conditions up to the Col had now become too dangerous. News arrived that the monsoon had reached Ceylon – a very unusually early date.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition
Judging they only had two weeks available they started off again on 23 May but with the news that the monsoon had already reached Darjeeling and was advancing at a surprisingly rapid rate. Two days later it had arrived at Everest itself. On arriving at Camp III they were again driven back by the snow, leading to a third occupation of the camp a week later. On 4 June climbers again reached the Col but it was going to be impossible to get the porters up there.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition
Beset by bad weather, they stayed at Camp III for two days until Wyn Harris persuaded Ruttledge, against his better judgement, to allow him and Shipton to try again. They only just survived a massive avalanche on the steep slope up to the Col. Shipton later wrote "It was a ridiculous thing to do, but we were rather desperate." So, the attempt on the summit failed without their oxygen equipment having been able to be tested at altitude.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Expedition
Smythe and Wyn Harris reconnoitred the mountain at the foot of the North Col on the other (western) side. They decided that, in monsoon conditions, an ascent from that side would be safer though less wind-protected. However, the higher ridges of the mountain would not be climbable anyway. The expedition departed Base Camp on 17 June and before the expedition was over they had written a long letter calling for the reform of the Alpine Club.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Upshot
The expedition publicly was perceived to have been a failure even though the British Everest establishment had been successful in covering up the debacle concerning the planning of the expeditions of 1935 and 1936. George Finch, forever a villain of that establishment was in a position to speak out because he had been excluded from all expeditions except 1922.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Upshot
He wrote "we are beginning to look ridiculous", that future expeditions should be planned and led by climbers, there should be a permitted age range of 25–35, the leadership should not be military, and that the inherent risks of mountaineering need to be accepted. He added "no personal attack is intended".


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Upshot
Mr Ruttledge was too old to be a high climber, but he was a wonderful man, gentle and warm-hearted, and all the Sherpas were very glad to be with him. This was a very big expedition, with more sahibs than there had ever been before, and a total of sixty Sherpas, which was five times as many as in 1935.


1936 British Mount Everest expedition, Upshot
In 2013 Smythe's son published a biography of his father in which he describes a set of copies of letters his father sent while on the 1936 expedition. One was to Teddy Norton saying that when scanning the north face of Everest through binoculars from base camp he had seen something looking like a body. Mallory or Irvine's ice axe had been found by the 1933 expedition and what he had seen was in a gully just below where the ice axe had been found. Smythe's letter said "It's not to be written about as the press would make an unpleasant sensation." A 1999 expedition found Mallory's body at this place and photographs of his remains made newspaper front pages internationally.


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL) season
The 1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season was their seventh in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 5–6–1, winning only three games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season.


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL) season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season
The 1936 Brooklyn Dodgers fired manager Casey Stengel after another dismal campaign, which saw the team finish in 6th place.


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1936 Brown Bears football team
The 1936 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1936 college football season.


1936 Brownlow Medal
The 1936 Brownlow Medal was the 13th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Denis Ryan of the Fitzroy Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-six votes during the 1936 VFL season.


1936 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1936 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1936 college football season. In its third season under head coach Edward Mylin, the team compiled a 4–4–1 record.


1936 Bucknell Bison football team
The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1936 Buenos Aires Grand Prix
October 18, 1936 - The first Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: I Gran Premio Ciudad de Buenos Aires),  was a Fuerza Libre race, run at the Costanera Norte circuit in three elimination heats and 1 final of 30 laps (2,65 km = 79,5 km), qualifying the top 11 drivers for the final. The entry list consisted of South American drivers. Heat 1 was won by Enrique Moyano (Ford), Heat 2 by Brazilian Manoel de Teffé (Alfa Romeo) and Zatuszek (Mercedes Benz) won the third.


1936 Buenos Aires Grand Prix
Argentinian drivers dominated the final with Arzani placing first, Zatuszek second and Brosutti taking third on the podium to give Argentina a triple victory. De Teffé in fourth place was the only non Argentinian in the top six, followed by Moyano and Angel Garabato (Chrysler). Grid or race numbers are not currently available.


1936 Buenos Aires Grand Prix, Notes
Manuel de Teffé (Baron Manuel de Teffé von Hoonholtz - *March 30, 1905 ↑January 1, 1967) was among the most prominent south-American drivers of the era before Chico Landi. De Teffé is credited with being instrumental for bringing European drivers to race in Brazil during the late 30s and was the main creator of the Gávea circuit and its races.


1936 Buffalo Bulls football team
The 1936 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1936 college football season. In its first season under head coach Jim Peele, the team compiled a 5–3 record. The team played its home games at Rotary Field in Buffalo, New York.


1936 Bulgarian State Football Championship
Statistics of Bulgarian State Football Championship in the 1936 season.


1936 Bulgarian State Football Championship, Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and PFC Slavia Sofia won the championship.


1936 Bundaberg distillery fire
The 1936 Bundaberg distillery fire was a disaster in Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia.


1936 Bundaberg distillery fire, The fire
In the early evening of 21 November 1936 the Bundaberg Rum Distillery was struck by lightning. The resulting explosion caused a raging inferno within minutes, as the contents of the rum vats fed the flames. There were 63 vats of rum and spirits each containing 10,000 gallons. This spectacular fire drew a large crowd of spectators and police cordoned off the area due to the intense heat. The glow from the flames could be seen as far away as Childers and Gin Gin. By midnight the flames were brought under control but the building itself was in ruins.


1936 Bundaberg distillery fire, The aftermath
The damage was estimated to have been approximately £200,000. No deaths or injuries were reported. The fire also had a devastating effect on the wildlife in the adjacent Burnett River with thousands of dead fish washed up on the river bank including sharks, cod, salmon and barramundi. The general manager of the distillery, which was owned by the Millaquin Sugar Company stated it was "one of the biggest fires in the history of the State".


1936 Bundaberg distillery fire, Recovery
Although it took three years the distillery was rebuilt and is currently operating on the same site today.


1936 Bundaberg distillery fire, Legacy
The State Library of Queensland holds some of the original correspondence and financial records for the Bundaberg Distilling Co. Ltd relating to the 1936 fire.


1936 Burmese general election
General elections were held in Burma on 26 November 1936. The Government of Burma Act 1935 separated Burma from British India as of 1 April 1937, and created a 36-seat Senate and a 132-seat House of Representatives. The pro-constitution United GCBA of U Ba Pe emerged as the largest bloc in the House of Representatives, winning 46 seats. However, few parties were willing to work with U Ba Pe, and the Governor invited Ba Maw to form a government, despite his Poor Man's Party winning only 16 seats. Maw became Chief Minister after forming a coalition with Chit Hlaing and other "moderate extremists".


1936 Burmese general election, Electoral system
The 132 seats in House of Representatives consisted of 91 members elected in single-member non-communal constituencies and 41 members elected from reserved seats. However, large areas of the country in the north and east including the Shan States remained directly governed by the Governor and did not elect members of the House. Half of the 36 seats in the Senate were appointed by the Governor, whilst the remaining half were elected by members of the House of Representatives.


1936 Burmese general election, Campaign
Several of the reserved seats were uncontested, including Bassein North (Karen), Mandalay Indian Urban, the three-member European constituency, the Burmese Chamber of Commerce seat, the Nakkukottai Chettyar's Association seat, the five-member Burma Chamber of Commerce constituency, the Rangoon Trades Association seat and the Chinese Chamber of Commerce seat.


1936 Burmese general election, Aftermath
Despite winning the most seats, the United GCBA was unable to form a government as the party began to split soon after the elections. This allowed the Poor Man's Party to put together a coalition government which took power in March 1937; it included former People's Party member U Pu, U Paw Tun from the Hlaing-Myat-Paw GCBA, Saw Pe Tha from the Karen group and U Htoon Aung Gyaw from the Arakanese. Poor Man's Party MPs U Tharrawaddy Maung Maung and Thein Maung were also appointed to the cabinet, whilst Chit Hlaing became Speaker of the House. The government also gained support from the commercial MPs, many of the Poor Man's Party's more radical campaign promises were dropped.


1936 CCNY Beavers football team
The 1936 CCNY Beavers football team represented the City College of New York (CCNY) during the 1936 college football season. In its third season  under head coach Benny Friedman, the team compiled a record of 4–4.


1936 Cal Aggies football team
The 1936 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1936 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1936 Cal Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by head coach Irv "Crip" Toomey in his ninth, and last year at the helm. They played home games at A Street field on campus in Davis, California. The Aggies finished with a record of four wins and four losses (3–4, 1–2 FWC). The Aggies were outscored by their opponents 86–115 for the 1936 season.


1936 Cal Aggies football team
In the nine years under coach Toomey, the Aggies compiled a record of 24–42–8, for a winning percentage of .378. Toomey also served as the head basketball coach for the same nine years. In addition, he was the Athletic Director for the school from 1928 until his death in 1961. To honor his long contribution to the school, the football stadium was renamed Toomey Field in 1962.


1936 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft
No Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1937 NFL Draft.


1936 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1936 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic School during the 1936 college football season. Cal Poly was a two-year school until 1941, and competed as an independent from 1929 to 1945.


1936 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The team was led by fourth-year head coach Howie O'Daniels and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and four losses (5–4). Overall, the Mustangs outscored their opponents 96–76 for the season.


1936 Calgary Bronks season
The 1936 season was the second season for the Calgary Bronks and it saw the team play a full schedule in both the Western Interprovincial Football Union and the Alberta Rugby Football Union. The Bronks finished 3rd in the WIFU with a 1–5 record while they fared much better in the ARFU with a 6–2 record and a first-place finish. It was by virtue of the finish in the ARFU that the Calgary Bronks made the WCRFU playoffs.


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Regular season, WIFU
Due to prior commitments to play in the ARFU, the Calgary Bronks only had four weekends available to compete in the upstart Western Interprovincial Football Union. Two of the weekends available were the Labour Day and Thanksgiving Day long weekends. On the long weekends the Calgary Bronks played double headers against the Winnipegs. In an effort to bring fairness to the WIFU standings, Calgary's two remaining games against the Regina Roughriders were valued at 4 points in the standings.


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Regular season, ARFU
The Calgary Bronks played a full schedule in the Alberta Rugby Football Union including some games which conflicted with the WIFU schedule. For the open dates, the Bronks fielded the same team that was competing in the WIFU (5 games). For the remaining three games, the Bronks fielded a second team which was referred to as the Calgary Bronks 'B'. The final game of the regular season saw the Calgary Bronks square off against the University of Alberta Golden Bears. These teams were the two top teams in the ARFU so it was decided that in addition to being the final regular season game, the game would also determine the ARFU championship.


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Regular season, Standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Playoffs, Qualifying for the WCFRU playoffs
Although the WIFU was considered to be top league in Western Canada, the WCRFU remained as the governing body for football in Western Canada. In years past, the playoffs saw the Alberta and British Columbia champions play each other in one semi final while the champions of Manitoba and Saskatchewan would play in the other semi final. In 1936, there were still provincial unions in BC, Alberta and Saskatchewan and the WCRFU declared that these teams had the right to compete for the Western Championship.


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Playoffs, Qualifying for the WCFRU playoffs
When the 1936 season began, the WIFU wasn't a member of the WCRFU yet and these teams were not eligible to compete in the playoffs. An early season meeting of the WCRFU resulted in the existing playoff format carrying over for one more season with one amendment. The Regina Roughriders and Winnipegs would face each other in a playoff to determine who would fill hole vacated by the MRFU. It was also decided that if the Calgary Bronks were to qualify for the WCRFU playoffs, they would have to do so as champions of the ARFU.


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Playoffs, Qualifying for the WCFRU playoffs
The decisions effectively rendered the WIFU regular season irrelevant as the WIFU league games would not affect whether a team made the playoffs. To give the WIFU season some significance, it was decided that if two WIFU teams met in the WCRFU playoffs that the points differential in the WIFU standings would carry forward into the playoff series. Thus, when the Calgary Bronks met the Regina Roughriders in the WCRFU final, the Roughriders began the game with a 5-0 lead. (The maximum amount that could be carried forward was converted touchdown or six points)


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Playoffs, WCRFU playoffs
As champions of the ARFU, the Calgary Bronks were scheduled to play the BCRFU champions in the Alberta-British Columbia semi final on November 7, 1936. Unlike on the prairies where the season was moved forward into September to create a longer season, the BCRFU extended its season through November. As the semi final was scheduled in the middle of the BCRFU season, the BCRFU decided to withdraw from competition. Calgary gained a free pass to the WCRFU final against the Regina Roughriders.


1936 Calgary Bronks season, Playoffs, WCRFU playoffs
For the WCRFU final, the Regina Roughriders began the game with a 5-0 lead due to the five point difference between the teams in the WIFU standings. Calgary had one chance to score points in the first quarter but they turned the ball over on third down as they needed a touchdown. The Regina Roughriders dominated the remainder of the game, outscoring the Calgary Bronks by a 3-1 margin. The final score was officially 8-1.


1936 California Golden Bears football team
The 1936 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1936 college football season. Under head coach Stub Allison, the team compiled an overall record of 6–5 and 4–3 in conference.


1936 Campeonato Carioca
In the 1936 season of the Campeonato Carioca, two championships were disputed, each by a different league.


1936 Campeonato Carioca, FMD Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by FMD (Federação Metropolitana de Desportos, or Metropolitan Sports Federation) kicked off on July 5, 1936 and ended on March 14, 1937. Seven teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the championship for the 5th time. no teams were relegated.


1936 Campeonato Carioca, LCF Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by LCF (Liga Carioca de Football, or Carioca Football League) kicked off on September 23, 1936 and ended on December 27, 1936. As in the previous year, Six teams participated - the five full members of the league and a guest from the Subliga Carioca de Football. Originally, this guest would be the previous year's champion of that league, Engenho de Dentro, but when that team joined FMD instead, Jequiá, runners-up of the 1934 Subliga, were invited. Fluminense won the championship for the 10th time. no teams were relegated.


1936 Campeonato Carioca, LCF Championship, System
The tournament would be disputed in a triple round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1936 Campeonato Paulista
The 1936 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão was the 35th season of São Paulo's top association football league. Two championships were disputed that season, each by a different league.


1936 Campeonato Paulista, LPF Championship
In the edition organized by the LPF (Liga Paulista de Futebol), Palestra Itália won the title for the 7th time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Corinthians's Teleco with 28 goals.


1936 Campeonato Paulista, LPF Championship, System
The championship was disputed in a double round-robin system, with the winners of each round facing each other in the finals.


1936 Campeonato Paulista, APEA Championship
In the edition organized by the APEA (Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos), Portuguesa won the title for the 2nd time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Portuguesa's Carioca with 18 goals.


1936 Campeonato Paulista, APEA Championship, System
The championship was disputed in a double round-robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1936 Canadian census
The 1936 Canadian census was the fourth of a series of special censuses conducted by the Government of Canada covering the rapidly expanding Northwest Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. These censuses were conducted every ten years from 1906 to 1946. This census was conducted as at June 1, 1936.


1936 Canadian census
The entire population of Canada for 1936 was estimated at 10,950,000, an increase of 1.0% over the previous year.


1936 Canadian census
Canada's Statistics Act legislation does not permit the release of personal information until 92 years have elapsed. Detailed information from this census is not due for release until 2028.


1936 Canadian census
The previous census was the nationwide 1931 census and the following census was the nationwide 1941 census.


1936 Canisius Griffins football team
The 1936 Canisius Griffins football team was an American football team that represented Canisius College in the Western New York Little Three Conference (Little Three) during the 1936 college football season. Canisius compiled a 7–1 record, shut out five of eight opponents, won the Little Three championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 199 to 27. William "Hiker" Joy was the head coach for the fourth year. Halfback Joe Szur was the team captain.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake
The 1936 Cansiglio earthquake occurred on October 18 in the region between the provinces of Belluno, Treviso and Pordenone, in northern Italy. It caused 19 deaths and an unknown number of injuries.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
The main shock came a few hours before dawn, at 4.10 a.m. with its epicenter on the Cansiglio plateau, near the towns of Fiaschetti, Stevenà and Villa di Villa. It was preceded a few hours earlier by a small foreshock.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake was moderate in magnitude (5.9 on the Richter magnitude scale) but was rated as IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The towns near the epicenter received extensive damage, most of their buildings were made uninhabitable or destroyed. The Cansiglio plateau is an agricultural high plain, where buildings were mostly made of poor materials using traditional construction techniques.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake was felt in the whole of northern and central Italy, as well as in Slovenia, Austria and Switzerland. While some sources report no casualties, other official sources list 19 dead. Aftershocks came frequently for a few days, and lasted until March 1937.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
The hypocenter was estimated as 15–18 km, much shallower than the 37–51 km range for other earthquakes in the area. The estimate is disputed, and a revised estimate of 43 km was calculated in 1946 using a macroseismic approach. Later studies have generally supported the initial depth estimate.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
The region north of Cansiglio, called Conca d'Alpago, also experienced severe damage. Fifty to seventy percent of the buildings in the towns of Puos d'Alpago and Cornei received critical damage and became unfit for use.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
The quake caused damage in Sacile, Vittorio Veneto and in the valleys of Livenza and Meschio rivers, with most of the residential buildings receiving some degree of damage. Belluno, Conegliano and San Vito al Tagliamento, along with other 40 minor towns, reported some damage and a few collapsed buildings. The cities of Bolzano and Venice showed minor affects, mostly collapsed plaster and chimneys.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
In Vittorio Veneto the Ceneda district was badly hit, four building collapsed, 40 critically damaged and over 300 in need of restoration works. The Seminary received so much damage it had to be partially demolished. Severe damage was sustained by many public buildings, including the Cathedral, the Carabinieri headquarter, the Tax Office and the town hall. Total damage was assessed at 4 million lire. Due to the high damage sustained, Vittorio Veneto was later added, along with some nearby comuni to the list of town subject to seismic risk.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Earthquake
The rebuilding, overseen by the city prefect Aldo Marinotti, was slow, and took over two years to start.


1936 Cansiglio earthquake, Previous events
On June 29, 1873 an earthquake struck the area, its epicenter on the Alpago basin, damaging many towns and cities including Belluno and its province, where 40 people died. 54 other casualties were reported, including 38 people killed by the collapse of a church in San Pietro di Feletto during the morning mass.


1936 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team
The 1936 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team represented Carnegie Mellon University during the 1936 college football season.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt
Catalan coup d'etat (1936) was an unsuccessful takeover of power in autonomous Catalonia, planned by the independentist party Estat Català. The conspirators intended to declare the total independence of Catalonia as a state neutral in the Spanish Civil War, and to marginalize all non-aligned political groupings, especially the Anarchists. They counted on party militias and Catalan army and security units, infiltrated by the Estat Català militants. The coup was planned in November, as the plotters assumed that the central Republican government, absorbed by the battle of Madrid, would not be able to take action.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt
The plot failed because of the Anarchist counter-action, which exposed the scheme and some of its leaders. In pre-emptive strike Generalitat services detained a few of the conspirators; the others fled to France. Estat Català was sidelined, while CNT-FAI ensured its dominant position in Catalonia. The attempted coup remains a poorly researched and rather unknown episode; in historiography it is discussed against the background of Catalan fascism.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Background
Since the late 19th century along traditional political groupings – Conservatives, Liberals, Carlists, Republicans – there were new currents emerging in Catalonia: Socialists, Communists, Anarchists and Catalan nationalists. The last two of these were getting increasingly popular. Their social basis partially overlapped, though the Anarchists catered mostly to urban proletariat, while the Catalanists tended to gain dynamics among the mid-lower strata. While competing in terms of popular mobilization, they nevertheless pursued the same anti-system and left-wing course.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Background
Following the fall of the monarchy in 1931 various currents of Catalanism converged in the Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC), the centre-left nationalist and federative party structure under the leadership of the left-wing independentist Francesc Macià, which dominated the autonomous Catalan parliament. The Anarchists, who by default boycotted any electoral action, focused rather on expansion of their nationwide trade union, Confederación Nacional de Trabajo (CNT). Their structures actively engaged against the state and in late 1933 managed to mount insurgent action in some parts of Catalonia.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Background
In October 1934 parts of Northern Spain were engulfed by revolutionary turmoil; the Generalitat de Catalunya took part of the revolution and declared a "Catalan State of the Spanish Federal Republic". The Anarchists did nothing to support their cause; instead, their labored to introduce own anarcho-syndicalist communes. The ERC-controlled autonomous government of the Generalitat cracked down on anarchist structures; following outbursts of violence mutual aversion between the two was already bordering hostility. During the general elections of February 1936 the Anarchists hesitantly decided to support the Popular Front alliance, which included ERC, but soon truce gave way to tension.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Background
In April the Anarchist hit-squad murdered Miquel Badia, who in 1934 engineered and executed the repressive anti-CNT campaign. The Catalanists themselves got increasingly divided over policy towards the central government and the radical Left. Many lambasted Generalitat for appeasement and demanded a more decisive stand. In May 1936 Estat Català (EC), a group which so far formed part of ERC, left the federation.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Estat Català
Estat Català was a Catalan nationalist organization which emerged in the early 1920s, distinct from other Catalanist groupings due to its extreme anti-establishment position and left-wing social outlook. Since the early 1930s EC was getting increasingly radical and adopted a militant stand; its uniformed paramilitary militia, the Escamots, were outlawed following a series of violent episodes. In the mid-1930s EC founded ERC alongside other Republican parties and formed its radical, left wing. Having left Esquerra in May 1936 the party regained its fully independent status and became the key vehicle of revolutionary Catalan nationalism.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Estat Català
It was soon merged with two other, smaller and equally radical parties of Catalanist left: Nosaltres Sols! and Partit Nacionalista Català. The command layer of the united organization was formed by the EC leader Josep Dencas, the former NS! chief, an ideologue Manuel Blasi, and the former president of PNC Josep Maria Xammar. The integration process was still ongoing when in July 1936 Spain was rocked by the military coup d'etat.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Estat Català
Many EC members actively resisted the military rebels; during the fightings they seized large quantities of arms. In the already revolutionary ambience the party moved to new headquarters in the Oro de Rhin restaurant by the Gran Via, launched a new daily bulletinm, the Diari de Barcelona and commenced massive recruitment to its militia ranks. Representatives of EC joined numerous inter-party bodies competing for power, especially Comitè de Milícies Antifeixistes; however, the party did not enter the coalition Generalitat government.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Estat Català
Relations with the Anarchists, who in aftermath of the failed military coup emerged as the dominant political grouping in Catalonia, remained tense. In August the CNT commando tried to plunder the main EC office and their representatives in the government demanded that Dencàs, along the murdered Badia blamed for anti-Anarchist violence of 1934, be detained. By September he fled the country, fearing for his life. The party leadership was assumed by its former secretary, Joan Torres-Picart.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Jockeying for position
In the summer of 1936 the Generalitat decided to form a Catalan army, the People's Army of Catalonia. Supported by most parties – though not by the Anarchists – the government started to form first units. Estat Català remained very active in the process; its people dominated 3 battalions to be deployed along the French border and known as Milícies Pirinenques (MP). Their officer corps was very much composed of militants related earlier to OMNS, Organizació Militar Nosaltres Sols, a cadre military section of Nosaltres Sols!.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Jockeying for position
During the fall first MP sub-units indeed started to take over control points on the Pyrenean border with France; not in few locations skirmishes with local Anarchist units, so far manning the posts, ensued. The own EC party initiative was raising a large, 700-men battalion Columna Volant Catalana; it was originally to be sent to the Aragon front, but did not enter into action; its sub-units were stationed across various locations of the Lleida province. Other party militia units were being reorganized by the former Escamots commander, Joan Cornudella.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Jockeying for position
Since the late summer of 1936 the EC party press was getting increasingly explicit about the need to "Catalanize" the ongoing revolution; decreasingly enigmatic articles suggested that the process was about getting Catalan independence declared and about having all non-aligned political groupings, principally the Anarchists, marginalized. Xammar talked to president Companys about breaking the Anarchist domination in the region. He also demanded that EC people get nominated to high positions in the Generalitat security; Companys did not seem interested.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Jockeying for position
The second-in-command person in the autonomous Catalan structures, the prime minister and the parliament speaker Joan Casanovas, was more tractable; the EC member in the 1920s, later he remained in the ERC mainstream. He started to voice publicly about the need to reinforce the state and assume responsibility for bold action, which was broadly taken for a hardly veiled criticism of vacillating Generalitat policy. These declarations triggered open conflict between Companys and Casanovas; in September the latter was dismissed from premiership. His seat was taken by a close Companys associate, Josep Tarradellas.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Gear-up to action
Historians assume that since early October 1936 the EC leaders started to discuss a violent takeover of power in autonomous Catalonia, possibly by means of a coup d'etat. Their key asset were armed units controlled by the party, including the militia, the forces of Columna Volant and the MP battalions; some were supposed to enter into action in Barcelona, and some were expected to seize power in other cities and towns of the region. The conspiracy network was being developed within local administrative or revolutionary institutions.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Gear-up to action
Xammar negotiated with acquiescent officials in various committees in Northern Catalonia about a would-be joint action against the Anarchists. The conspirators assumed that the Generalitat security would at least remain passive; since early October the Commissar of Public Order, the de facto police chief in Catalonia, was a former EC militant Andreu Revertés. Thought the Anarchists protested his nomination, it was enforced by Companys, the decision related to some private links between the two.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Gear-up to action
The EC envoys Josep Maria Batista i Roca and Nicolau Rubió i Serralach sounded the French and British diplomats in Spain about would-be recognition of independent Catalonia; outcome of these conversations is not clear. Most likely the same issue was discussed with Mussolini envoys. Another Estat Català delegate Vicenç Borrell travelled to Brussels to speak to Francesc Cambó, the historic leader of right-wing Catalanists. However, Cambó did not seem interested; at the time he was anticipating a swift triumph of the Nationalists. Since early November EC scaled up their radical, independentist propaganda campaign.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Gear-up to action
During numerous rallies Borrell, Cornudella, Xammar, and Torres-Picart vehemently criticised irresolute Generalitat policy. To much surprise, one of their meetings hosted Casanovas; in belligerent tone he declared that the time for bold action was near and spoke with contempt about the Catalan parliament, the body he still presided. Casanovas received numerous adhesion messages, including many from various EC militia units.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Climax
In early November the Nationalist troops were advancing at the outskirts of Madrid and it might have appeared that the fall of the Republic was imminent. In mid-November CV and MP units stationed in various locations in Catalonia were put on alert. Though a strong EC militia formation, known as Columna Germans Badia, was sent to the Madrid front, a so-called 2. Batalión Milícies Pirinenques got gathered in the Barcelona barracks.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Climax
A transport of arms and munitions entered the country from France; it was organized by Revertés, who ensured that the Generalitat money is used to finance the delivery, though none of high government officials was aware of it. The train was directed at a depot station on the Barcelona suburbs; distribution of hundreds of rifles and grenades among specific EC-controlled units was discussed at a meeting of November 22, attended by Revertés, Casanovas, Torres-Picart, Xammar and Cornudella.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Climax
Detachments commanded by EC men were to seize the Generalitat buildings and detain all government members; in case of resistance, they were to be shot. Companys – also to be shot if intransigent – was to be replaced as president by Casanovas. Some scholars suspect that Revertés planned to seize the transport of Bank of Spain gold, on transit from Cartagena to France, but the theory is rejected by other historians.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Climax
On November 24 the Generalitat services detained Revertés; one theory is that the action was an own initiative of his inferior, chief of Serveis d'Ordre Públic Dionisio Eroles, another one is that Eroles obtained authorization of Tarradellas or other high government officials beforehand. Eroles, himself a CNT member in structures of the security department, developed his own network of Anarchist informers. He apparently monitored Revertés' activity and decided to act once he realized the coup was near.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Climax
Revertés, immediately dismissed from his job, was for a few hours interrogated by Eroles, his secretary Joan Solans and secretary of the Internal Security Council Aurelio Fernández. Initially they suggested he commits suicide; Revertés apparently refused. It seems that eventually there was sort of a deal closed; Revertés agreed to denounce his accomplices, while in return he was to be allowed to leave Spain. The Interior Minister Artemi Aiguader directed a wave of arrests which ensued. Torres-Picart ended up behind bars; as Casanovas enjoyed the parliamentary immunity, he found himself under police surveillance.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Aftermath
Generalitat administration did not decide to mount a massive repressive action; only some 100 people were arrested. Some Anarchist groups intended to set up a makeshift tribunal and bring before it those charged with crime against state, but in unclear circumstances the plan was abandoned; the CNT militia ransacked Diari de Barcelona offices and the EC headquarters. Official press very vaguely informed about dismissal of Revertés, and Aiguader's public comments remained enigmatic to the extreme. The Catalan Anarchist press launched a massive onslaught against Estat Català.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Aftermath
EC has not been outlawed; while Torres-Picart remained in custody, Cornudella declared himself the party leader; it soon condemned and expulsed all members deemed involved. The role of Cornudella is not clear; some scholars suspect he might have acted in accord with Eroles. The EC-controlled militia, paramilitary and army units were dispatched to the front, where they later fought valiantly and loyally.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Aftermath
Revertés spent the next few days jailed in the Montjuïc prison, and was later murdered in highly unclear circumstances. According to one theory he was shot in Barcelona shortly after he had left prison, according to another members of the personal Companys guard shot him on November 30 in Calaf, already on his way to Andorra. Casanovas as a high state official was quietly allowed to leave the country, while investigation launched by the Court of Appeal of Catalonia was eventually closed with no charges advanced.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Aftermath
Torres-Picart in picturesque and also unclear circumstances managed to leave prison and made it to France; from there he launched a vehement campaign against Companys. Xammar with his family crossed the Spanish-French frontier before any action was taken against him; France was also the target of few high Generalitat officials, like Josep Maria Espanya. Manuel Blasi, at the time commanding an EC militia unit in Aragon, was detained by the Anarchists there; following a few weeks he was released and by the end of 1936 he also left Spain.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Epilogue
Casanovas returned to Catalonia after May 1937, when the Anarchist domination in Catalonia had been broken, and – still as the parliament speaker – tried to arrange a separatist Catalan declaration of neutrality; he died in 1942 in France. Espanya, Xammar and Torres-Picart left France for Latin America, where they lived until the end of their days; Espanya died in 1953, Xammar in 1967, and Torres-Picart in 1988; before death he managed to visit the already democratic Spain.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Epilogue
Cornudella and Blasi after 1939 returned to Spain and engaged in anti-Francoist conspiracy, both repressed; the former was elected to the Catalan parliament after 1975 and died in 1985, it is not clear when the latter died. Remnants of émigré Estat Catalá structures languished for decades until the party was registered in Spain in 1977; now it is a rather marginal grouping, even though the Catalan independence movement is at its heyday.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Epilogue
Following the fall of Catalonia Companys left to France; handed over to the Francoists in 1940, he was executed the same year. Tarradellas lived in France and America and was a longtime president of the Generalitat of the exiled Catalan government; having returned to Spain in 1977 he was one of the best-known Catalan politicians until his death in 1988. Eroles, Aiguader and Fernández were dismissed from Generalitat security structures following the 1937 Barcelona May Days. In 1939 Eroles left to France and in unclear circumstances, possibly murdered, perished in 1940.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Epilogue
The other two left France for Mexico; Aiguader died there in 1946, Fernández died in 1971. The fate of Solans is unknown. The Catalan anarchism deteriorated during Francoism and after 1975 was reborn as a minoritarian political force; today CNT is a small syndicalist organization. Of all protagonists of the November 1936 events, only Companys and Tarradellas are currently remembered and honored in the Catalan public space.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Propaganda and historiography
As except the Anarchists none of the parties involved banked on the November 1936 episode propaganda-wise, it soon went into oblivion; in public memory it was almost totally eclipsed by the May 1937 struggle for power in the Republican Barcelona. Also after the war the EC conspiracy was largely ignored by all parties. From the Francoist perspective it was somewhat inconvenient as incompatible with vision of a homogenous, criminal red horde. None one of the post-Republican émigré groupings saw sufficient propaganda potential of the episode. For historians it remained a rather difficult chapter of Spanish past. The Generalitat archives documented the repressive action rather than the plot itself; most EC papers have gone missing, while memoirs and other accounts provided by the protagonists were trapped in conflicting versions, inconsistencies, and political bias.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Propaganda and historiography
First serious attempts to target the issue come from the 1980s; historiography for decades to come did not pay much attention, referred the question in passim and at times suggested erroneous interpretations. A multi-angle joint analysis of the issue was published in 2012, but many of the authors remain extremely cautious, adhere to hypothetical narrative and suggest that their conclusions should be approached as preliminary. Most scholars participating agree that there was a nationalist conspiracy unfolding, though it is not clear whether it was a few EC politicians or rather the party structures engaged.


1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt, Propaganda and historiography
It is neither known how much the plans of the coup were advanced and whether the decision to rise was in fact taken. Historians are not sure whether counter-action was triggered by CNT, Generalitat or other political groups. Many detailed questions remain unanswered, e.g. the one about the role of Casanovas. The Catalan coup of 1936 is discussed against the background of some broader issues, like this of the Catalan fascism.


1936 Catholic University Cardinals football team
The 1936 Catholic University Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the Catholic University of America as an independent during the 1936 college football season. In its seventh year under head coach Dutch Bergman, the team compiled a 4–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 133 to 73.


1936 Centenary Gentlemen football team
The 1936 Centenary Gentlemen football team was an American football team that represented the Centenary College of Louisiana as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1936 college football season. In their third year under head coach Curtis Parker, the team compiled a 6–4–2 record.


1936 Central State Bearcats football team
The 1936 Central State Bearcats football team represented Central State Teachers College, later renamed Central Michigan University, as an independent during the 1936 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Alex Yunevich, the Bearcats compiled a 3–4–1 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 129 to 89.


1936 Ceylonese State Council election
The second election to the State Council of Ceylon was held from 22 February to 7 March 1936.


1936 Ceylonese State Council election, Background
The first State Council was dissolved on 7 December 1935 and candidate nominations took place on 15 January 1936. Seven constituencies only had a single nomination each and consequently the candidates were elected without a vote. Elections in the remaining 41 constituencies took place between 22 February and 7 March 1936.


1936 Chatham Cup
The 1936 Chatham Cup was the 14th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1936 Chatham Cup
The competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds.


1936 Chatham Cup
The 26 entries that had been received by the NZFA by 1st June were Southland: Corinthians and Southern. Westland: Taylorville, Marist and Runanga. Buller: All Blacks. Otago: Maori Hill, Mosgiel and Roslyn Wakari. Canterbury: Western A, Western B, Thistle and Nomads. Wellington: Hospital, Marist, Waterside, Scottish Wanderers, Petone, Diamond. South Auckland: Hamilton Wanderers, Rotowaro and Starr Town. Auckland: Ponsonby, Thistle, Mount Albert Grammar Old Boys and Abels.


1936 Chatham Cup
Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Auckland Thistle, Waterside (Wellington), Western (Christchurch), and Maori Hill (Dunedin).