1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Auckland Rugby League meetings
At the annual meeting of the junior management committee on 20 March the report they received showed that the number of players and clubs had increased by over 11% and 14% respectively. Registration fees were an increase on 1932 by £12 4/6. Mr. D. Wilkie was elected chairman, Mr. E. Chapman deputy chairman, while Mr. Mr. W.F. Clarke was elected secretary to replace the long serving and retiring Mr. T.R. Davis. Davis was later appointed as a life member of New Zealand Rugby League, as was Arthur Ball (ex-chairman of the Auckland Rugby League Referees’ Association, and C. Adamson (ex-chairman of the Junior Management Committee).


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Auckland Rugby League meetings
The annual meeting of the Auckland Rugby League was held in the League Rooms, Grey Buildings, on Monday, 9 April. The report presented showed that the balance-sheet figures improved on the previous season.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Auckland Rugby League meetings
"The principal of sharing the gate receipts with the clubs competing... has without doubt proved very beneficial in creating the team spirit to improve the standard of play required for No. 1 ground qualification each week-end and also has been reflected in a greater esprit de corps amongst club members, as well as a correspondingly enhanced friendly rivalry between the contestants that in turn excites public patronage to Carlaw Park". The gate takings were over £400, being available as grants to senior clubs in 1933. The working gate takings were £1,953 12/9 from club matches (an increase of £158).


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Auckland Rugby League meetings
Ground rents of £154 7/ were lower but profits of £196 18/ were recorded from matches with visiting provincial teams. Registered player fees accounted for £99 12/ and this combined with donations and the earlier stated income meant total receipts of £2,636 2/5. Expenditure was £487 17/6 on ground rents, £340 17/2 on maintenance and upkeep of the park and grounds, £175 on staffing grounds and cost to officials, and minor expenses. This meant a balance of £21 4’8 to be carried forward. The profit and loss account showed a surplus of assets valued at £6,415 19/7.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Auckland Rugby League meetings
Reference was also made to the services of George Rhodes who had passed away at the end of the 1933 season after many years as chairman of the league. At the annual meeting the following officers were elected: patron, Mr. J.B. Donald; vice-patron, Mr. J.F.W. Dickson; president, Mr. James Carlaw; vice-presidents, Messrs. O. Blackwood, H. Grange, W. Wallace, C. Seagar, R. Benson, C.H. Drysdale, A.E. Laird, John A. Lee, R.H. Wood, R.T. Sharman, J. Donald, Joe Sayegh, J. Lovatt, W.S. Shramm, E. Morton, H. Walmsley, C. Wright, Montgomery and Bagnall; deputy-chairman, Mr. E.J. Phelan; hon.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Auckland Rugby League meetings
Secretary, Mr. Ivan Culpan; hon treasurer, Mr. J.E. Knowling; delegate to New Zealand Rugby League, Mr. R. Doble; auditor, Mr. R.A. Spinley; hon solicitor, Mr. H.M. Rogerson; referees’ delegate on the management committee, Mr. W. Mincham; club delegates, Mr Jim Rukutai and J.W. Probert; hon physicians, Drs. R. Tracey Inglis, Mr. G. Pezaro, F.J. Gwynne and K.H. Holdgate; press steward, Mr. R. Doble; board of control, Messrs. Campbell, Rukutai, Doble, L. Binns, Probert, Mincham, D. Wilkie, Ellis, Knowling and Ivan Cuplan; trustees, Messrs. John Stormont, E.J. Phelan, and G. Grey Campbell.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Auckland Rugby League meetings
At a board of control meeting in April it was decided that unemployed patrons would be admitted to Carlaw Park with the same concession as the previous season provided they produced their levy book regularly and it was stamped by the Labour Department. At the same meeting Mt Albert United applied to have their colours changed from mauve to blue and gold. This was referred to the junior management committee.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Rules
It was reported that in the latest English rule book there was a goal line drop out being taken when teams forced the ball in their own in goal area and that New Zealand would also adopt the rule. It was decided to implement the rule at the start of the second round. After clarifying the interpretation of the law in England it was established that the attacking team needed to stand five yards from the goal-line when the defending side drops the ball out from between its posts.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Rules
Continued dissatisfaction was felt around the policing of the play the ball which caused problems. And late tacking was also said to be spoiling play. The referee committee said at their 21 May meeting that they intended to take drastic action on this matter. At the Auckland Rugby League Board of Control meeting on 23 May chairman Campbell drew attention to the practice of players charging into opponents and using their knees. He said it was a serious offence, not a tackle and not football at all.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Rules
The referees association took up the matter and said that all senior clubs would be written to and told that such conduct would not be tolerated. As a result of a large number of matches which were late kicking off due to teams arriving late or match officials arriving late or not at all the league pointed out "that a visiting team could be granted a 15-minute concession in starting and the length of spells could be reduced to 35 minutes each way by mutual agreement between the captains".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Rules
At its weekly meeting the Board of Control banned metal sprigs after the Newton club's officials and players complained “strongly” against their use.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, The senior competition
It was decided that the championship would commence on 28 April and consist of three rounds. However the Auckland Rugby League would reserve the right to select the four leading teams to hasten the find for the champions if necessary.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, The senior competition
The league promoted the senior competition by taking the unusual approach of naming all the senior coaches and including boastful quotes from each of them in its newspaper advertisements. The advertisement went "What the Coaches say: Lar Seagar: Devonport will again be Champion and Champion of Champions. Scotty McClymont: Richmond will be hard. The Rooster will be a Champion this year. Duggie McGregor: Nothing can stop Newton winning. Pope Gregory: Marist O.B. will win from the start. The team is in great heart. Frank Delgrosso: Ponsonby will this year produce the finest League team for many a day. Ben Davidson: City Rovers will be the sensation of the season. A team of All Blacks".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, The senior competition
Newton, Richmond, and Ponsonby all sported new uniforms which were well received after their opening matches.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
A new stand was planned for Carlaw Park to be built prior to the “next winter season”. It would cost £3,000 and have “concrete foundations and built in wood”. Preliminary architectural plans were submitted by Mr Piper and Mr. Brooker. “The new stand while embracing the present stand, which would harmonise with the main design, will provide seating accommodation for from 2,500 to 3,000 people. It will incorporate the latest facilities for public and players. Teams will take the field from under the central part of the stand”.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
The stands would also feature a large room for each senior club “fitted with lockers, and hot and cold showers would be a feature of the dressing rooms, which will be built under the stand. Conveniences for the general public will also be provided”. The present grandstand would be renovated and the new build would have “glass fronts and sides, to protect spectators from the wet weather... the work is to be commenced immediately, and it may be completed within two weeks of the opening of the 1934 season”.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
Work started on the new grandstand on 9 March after the plans and specifications were "perused by the Auckland City Council, which proposed several alterations with a view to improvement of the building". The changes were accepted by the trustees of the Auckland Rugby League but it would mean in increase in the contract price to a little over £3,000. It was aimed to complete the contract in May. Mr. E. J. Phelan, a trustee and vice chairman of Auckland Rugby League announced that the successful tenderer was Mr. R.A. Cornish of Newmarket.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
The architects were Mr. L.S. Piper and Mr. L.E. Brooker who had submitted the initial plans. By 15 March excavation works had been undertaken and were near completion. The board inspected them on 16 March. Ponsonby donated £150 and it was hoped at the annual meeting that other clubs would also contribute £50 each towards the costs. On 21 April the league arranged practice matches at Carlaw Park with the main match being between Marist and Ponsonby with those teams reserve grade sides playing the curtain-raiser.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
A charge of sixpence admission would go towards the grandstand funds which was expected to be completed by the following week. Ponsonby defeated Marist by 13–0. The stand ultimately cost £3,500 and as it neared completion the New Zealand Herald published a photograph of it. In order to further help pay for the new stand the league sold 300 season tickets to the new stand which would entitle the purchaser to attend all matches under the control of the Auckland Rugby League this year. The tickets would cost £1 each. A third unanimous offer of £100 was received from a supporter of the code which was gratefully accepted at the Board of Control meeting on 9 May. The new grandstand was to be opened on Saturday 12 May by Governor-General, Lord Bledisloe and the clubs.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
On 12 May the new grandstand was officially opened by Lord Bledisloe in front of 17,000 spectators which was a record for a club match. Following the matches the six senior and six reserve teams "took up their respective club quarters in the new grandstand... and were delighted with the improved facilities. The Ponsonby Boys’ Band played at the park and the pavilion was thrown open for public inspection".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
Lord Bledisloe had said when opening the new stand that "he had always been a firm believer in the advantages of football, both as a means of developing physique, and in forming character and a sense of discipline. Some 24 years ago on the area which was now Carlaw Park the Chinese, he understood, had cultivated vegetables; to-day the ground was in use for the cultivation of sport and of health and character, which flowed from sport when conducted fairly, honestly and in a spirit of unselfishness.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
Congratulating the League organisation on its enterprise Lord Bledisloe ventured the hope that the sport would continue and flourish, and be maintained in New Zealand for many years to come". He went on to say that the "erection of the new pavilion had provided useful work for about 60 men... and was built of good New Zealand rimu timber. In spite of the new stand and facilities the league still received a letter from Ellerslie United complaining about the inadequate shower facilities at the ground.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Carlaw Park
Lights were installed in the park later in the season and at the final ARL meeting of the year a vote of thanks was "accorded Mr F.E. McEwan, the Ponsonby Club treasurer, for his work in connection with the lighting facilities".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Chairman Campbell's Sydney visit
Mr. G. Grey Campbell, chairman of the league visited Sydney to meet administrators of the game there. He returned to Auckland on 7 April. He said that there was a possibility that the Sydney University team would make a visit along with the Sydney premiership winners. Campbell said that his visit had shown "him how seriously the management committees of the various clubs regarded training. They had more control over the players than did New Zealand. The object... was to get the teams on the ground in the best condition possible. They believed that the team "that gets in first" gave the others a handicap that took some getting over during the season, and no time and money were spared in preparation".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Broadcast of matches from Carlaw Park
The district radio engineer, Mr. L.L. Macey stated that there was "no ban on the broadcasting of Rugby League football in Auckland", however the station 1ZB was going to be unable to broadcast matches. The reason being that its application for an extension of broadcasting hours had been turned down by 'Wellington' and as the football was played outside of their broadcast hours they would be unable to carry any coverage. The decision was met by indignation from New Zealand Rugby League and it was decided to strongly protest and follow up with other action.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Broadcast of matches from Carlaw Park
The protest entailed an immediate telegraph to the Postmaster General "against unfair discrimination at the cost of the many supporters of the game who paid for licenses as listeners...the executive also was requested to communicate with individual members of Parliament on the subject, and the incoming committee was urged to take further action, if necessary, as it was a matter of urgency to the code and to the general public".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Broadcast of matches from Carlaw Park
1ZB had applied two months earlier and was ready to begin broadcasting from the opening weekend of matches however the decision not to allow it had occurred in the days prior to the season opening. Rugby Union was going to be broadcast out of the Broadcasting Boards own funds, and soccer was going to be broadcast through 1YA. Chairman of New Zealand Rugby League, Mr. Cyril Sneddon said "well, it looks as though there is at the moment a ban, or threatened ban, on Rugby League football – just another tilt at the code".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Broadcast of matches from Carlaw Park
There were many other accusations of "strings being pulled" made by delegates from around the regions. It was decided by the Hon. Adam Hamilton, Postmaster-General to arrange for the broadcasting of Auckland League football match results. He advised a deputation that he would ascertain if the service could be fitted in with the programme of 1YA or 1YX at a lengthy meeting on the issue where many voices were heard. Station 1ZB rearranged their Saturday programme so that rugby league broadcasts could be done.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Broadcast of matches from Carlaw Park
They cut out a portion of their Saturday morning programme to make room for the afternoon broadcast of the league. This meant that they did not need to apply to an extension of their hours. The decision was met very favourably by league chairman Campbell who said "we are very pleased with the result...listeners in the country districts especially will appreciate the action of 1ZB in meeting that has become a widespread demand for the broadcasting of League matches from Carlaw Park".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Life memberships
Mr. T. Davis was elected a life member of the Auckland Rugby League after he had retired. He had served as a delegate for five years, and for eight years he was the secretary of the junior management committee. At the 30 May meeting, Mr. F.D. Ellis was made a life member, he had been on the board and served as treasurer for 14 years. He was resigning due to ill health and moving to Australia.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Hec Brisbane's retirement
At the end of the season New Zealand international and long serving Marist Old Boys player Hec Brisbane decided to retire. He had debuted for Marist in the 1923 season and played for them continuously ending up having played for 11 seasons and made 158 appearances for them, scoring 71 tries. Brisbane made his Auckland debut in 1923 and played for Auckland 14 times, scoring 9 tries and 1 appearance for Auckland Province. Brisbane played 5 times for the North Island where he scored 7 tries in clashes with the South Island.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Hec Brisbane's retirement
His international debut for New Zealand came in just his second season, in 1924, with his final appearance in the black and white jersey in 1932. In total he played for New Zealand on 50 occasions, including 10 tests and he scored 21 tries and kicked 6 goals, with 5 tries coming in tests. On October 27 his Marist club played a benefit match in his honour against Newton Rangers at Carlaw Park. His Marist side won by 30 points to 21.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Hec Brisbane's retirement
Brisbane went on the serve on the Marist committee for several years and in 1937 was the sole selector for the Auckland representative team and he held the same role with others from 1938 to 1940. He was the North Island selector in 1938 and 1939. In 1938 he was appointed New Zealand selector with McClymont, and Jim Amos to choose the side to tour Australia.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Phelan Shield's debut
The Phelan Shield (which is still competed for today) was first awarded in 1934. It was a "handsome carved shield" presented to Auckland Rugby League by Edward John Phelan (known commonly as Ted Phelan), one of the trustees of rugby league in Auckland. The shield was played for by the 4 losing teams from the first round of the Roope Rooster and was won by Newton who defeated Ponsonby in the final by 18 points to 10.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Origin of the Sharman Cup
On 20 October, at the Charity Day at Carlaw Park, a "beautiful silver cup" was handed over by Mr. J Smith on behalf of Mr. R.P. Sharman. He was the merchandise manager of George Court and Sons Ltd and was being transferred to London, England. He wished to leave "a happy recollection of his association with league football" and wished that the trophy should be awarded in "a competition worthy of its value". The trophy is still played for today in lower senior grades.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland Rugby League meetings and news, Obituary, Arthur Carlaw
On 12 November Arthur Carlaw died in Christchurch aged 51. He was a stonemason by trade and the nephew of James Carlaw, who Carlaw Park was named after. Arthur Carlaw was one of the pioneers of the rugby league game in New Zealand and made 20 appearances for Auckland from 1909 to 1913, and 17 matches for New Zealand over the same years. He also played 25 times for Ponsonby United from 1908 to 1913. Carlaw moved to Christchurch in the mid 1920s where he coached and refereed for several seasons. He had been in poor health for "many years past, owing to having been gassed while in France. He [was] survived by his widow and two young children".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Western Suburbs tour
The 1934 New South Wales champions Western Suburbs club from Sydney decided to tour New Zealand in September/October. Due to the unavailability of a player they strengthened their side with the addition of Percy Williams of South Sydney, and Jack Lynch of Eastern Suburbs. Their first match was with Marist where they won, this was followed by a draw with Newton, a loss to Richmond, a win over Ponsonby, and a loss in the return match with Richmond.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Western Suburbs tour
They were the fifth Australian club to visit New Zealand following on from visits by University, South Sydney, Eastern Suburbs, and St George. They arrived on board the Mariposa Ship on 22 September before commencing a light training run. Four regular first grade players were unable to make the trip but the manager Mr. J. J. White said the side was strengthened by four substitutes "who, in the opinion of State selectors, with the ten regular, brought the tourists well up to full strength".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Western Suburbs tour
Just prior to the fourth match with Ponsonby a fire broke out at the Nicholls Brothers Limited premise on Stanley Street with the building being extensively damaged. The boys who played in the curtain-raiser ran from the field to collect their clothes from the dressing shed as they feared the fire may spread to the sheds and offices of Auckland Rugby League. Like many teams who toured New Zealand they spent the last part of their trip touring the Rotorua area taking in the thermal attractions. By defeating the touring side Richmond won the Rangatira Shield for the Sydney-Auckland championship.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Fox Memorial fixtures
The new grandstand at Carlaw Park was opened on 12 May along with the Round 3 matches in front of an enormous attendance of 17,000.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Fox Memorial fixtures
It was decided after Round 13 to cease the championship and crown Richmond champions as they were 6 points clear and embarking on a southern tour rendering any further matches meaningless in terms of deciding the title.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 1
Cyril Blacklaws of Newton Rangers received concussion and facial injuries and was taken to Auckland Hospital in a St John's ambulance but his condition was said to be not serious. C. Allen of Newton was ordered off for kicking a Richmond Rovers player and was suspended for two playing Saturday's. R. Sellars the Newton wing left the field injured and it was reported 5 weeks later in the New Zealand Herald that he was still in hospital recovering from his injury. The insurance committee reported earlier that Blacklaws and Sellars would indeed be in Auckland Hospital for a prolonged period but that both players "were to be covered by insurance".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 2
Herbert Thompson of Devonport was concussed when he collided with another player. He was taken to Auckland Hospital in an ambulance but his condition was said to be not serious. The solitary try that City scored pushed them past the 4,000 point mark in all senior A championship games stretching back to 1910. They were the first club to achieve this feat.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 3
For the third weekend in a row a player was concussed in a senior match at Carlaw Park and was taken by a St John's ambulance to Auckland Hospital. This time it was the turn of Devonport fullback, and ex-Kiwi Albert Laing. His condition that evening was said to be "satisfactory".


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 4
McLeay and R Purdy were both ordered off for City Rovers in their match with Richmond Rovers.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 6
Hec Brisbane came out of retirement to lead a Marist side which had been struggling somewhat. He was to play until the end of the season and officially hang up his boot for good with a benefit match played for him in October. Eight of their players had refused to play after taking issue over the clubs finances including Des Herring, Gordon Campbell, Claude List, and Wilf Hassan. Hassan then left the club and switched to Marist rugby club. Herbert Thompson was concussed for the second time in the season in his City side's match with Devonport, and taken to Auckland Hospital. One match was played on the Monday which was a public holiday between City and Devonport.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 7
In the Carlaw Park crowd included the members of the jury for the ‘Bayly trial’ which some weeks later saw William Alfred Bayly convicted of murdering 2 of his neighbours. He was hung at Mt Eden Prison on 20 July. The jury were frequently taken on excursions during breaks in the trial which lasted several weeks.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 10
Round 10 saw the return of Roy Hardgrave to the Newton side after several seasons playing professionally in England.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Round 13
Newton Rangers were undermanned in their match with Devonport with Trevor Hall and Ted Brimble both out suffering from influenza while Claude Dempsey was absent due to the passing of his father.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Roope Rooster knockout competition
History was made for the Mt Albert and Papakura clubs when they entered the Roope Rooster competition. It was their first time playing in a first grade senior competition.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Phelan Shield
1934 was the first year in which the Phelan Shield had been played for by senior teams. The four losing teams from round one of the Roope Rooster competition were pitted against each other with Newton Rangers becoming the inaugural Phelan Shield champions.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Stormont Shield
Richmond Rovers made history by becoming the first team in Auckland Rugby League to win the Fox Memorial, Roope Rooster, and Stormont Shield in the same season.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Top Try Scorers and Point Scorers
The point scoring lists are compiled from matches played in the Fox Memorial, Roope Rooster and Phelan Shield matches which involved all first grade sides


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Richmond Rovers tour matches
Richmond Rovers embarked on a 2 match tour of Taranaki and Hawke's Bay. J Redwood travelled as their manager. They had made endeavours to travel to Otago and asked for 50 pounds to cover their expenses. They were told by Otago that if they were willing to play a match on a Wednesday before or after their visit to the West Coast they would be "pleased to arrange a game". The West Coast rugby league guaranteed 60 percent of any gate takings to Richmond if they chose to tour. Ultimately they only played the two North Island matches. In their match against Taranaki they lost to a goal kicked after full-time. During the match against Hawke's Bay the referee collided with Stan Prentice and received a bad cut above his eye requiring attention from St John's before the match could continue.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Fox Memorial Shield (senior championship), Devonport tour
While it was described as a 'Northern Tour' in the newspapers it actually only involved one match with the Northland side in Hikurangi. Rugby league in Northland was in its early years and to help promote the code there Auckland sides had travelled there to play exhibition matches and in this case to play the local representative side. Devonport proved too strong winning 17-11 though Northland were missing Bowyer, Vause, and Cunningham from their regular side.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior reserve competition (Norton Cup)
The senior reserve grade competition was in its fourth season and was won by the Richmond Rovers club for the third consecutive year.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Senior reserve competition (Norton Cup), Norton Cup standings
It appears that the Round 13 match between Devonport and Newton, and the Round 14 match between Devonport and Marist were not played as it was not reported in the newspapers and the published points tables showed those teams had played less matches.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Lower grade competitions, Lower grade clubs and finishing positions (with competition points)
During the middle part of the season the Junior Management Committee revised the weight allowances for the junior grades. They were Third Intermediate – 10st 13lbs; Fourth Grade – 9st, 13lbs; Fifth Grade – 9st 6lbs; Sixth Grade – 9st 3lbs; Seventh Grade – 8st 10lb.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Lower grade competitions, Lower grade clubs and finishing positions (with competition points)
The following teams won trophies for winning grades and knockout competitions.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Lower grade competitions, Notable lower grade matches
1934 was notable for the more formal playing of matches between several Māori rugby league teams. The Mangere Māori team played several tour style matches and the Auckland Māori team was later formed and played several matches.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Lower grade competitions, Notable lower grade matches
A sub-league was formed at Tuakau at the beginning of the season. These teams met twice. The first resulted in an 11–10 win to the Mangere Māori team 11–10 in Tuakau on 4 May. Tuakau returned the favour by beating the Auckland side 12–11 in a match played as curtain-raiser to the Auckland v Taranaki representative match. Mangere Māori also played a Lower Waikato side. Later in the season the Mt Albert side travelled to Tuakau to play a match. And then on September 8 a trial match was played by the Waikato Maori selectors with a combined Tuakau-Waikato Maori side selected by Ernie Asher at Sturgess Park in Otahuhu against the local Otahuhu side.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland representative season
The Auckland selectors for the season were W Mincham, Bert Avery, and Ernie Asher. The first representative fixture of the season was played against Taranaki with Lou Hutt being appointed captain. The Taranaki team was being picked by Frank Delgrosso. In the match with Northland Roy Hardgrave played his first representative match in New Zealand since his return from playing for St Helens in England.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Tamaki (Auckland Māori) representative team
For the first time a recognised Māori representative team from Auckland played matches. They played against South Waikato Māori, Taranaki Māori, and Waikato Māori winning two and drawing one match. The origins of the team partly began with a letter sent to Mr G, Grey Campbell in late July by Rev. W.N. Panapa (secretary) of the organisation proposing a Tamaki team, "representative of the isthmus between Auckland and Onehunga" to challenge for the Waitangi Māori Shield.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Tamaki (Auckland Māori) representative team
It was also reported that a Māori board of control had been set up in Auckland "with a view to encouraging friendly rivalry between different tribes". Their first match was against South Waikato Māori at Carlaw Park which they won easily 36–13. They then travelled to New Plymouth to play Taranaki Māori for the newly created Waitangi Shield. Stan Rickards (president of the Mangere club, and chairman of Auckland Māori Rugby League) travelled as the team manager with Ernie Asher representing the Auckland Rugby League on the trip. They won it with a comfortable victory 32–5.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Tamaki (Auckland Māori) representative team
Two weeks later they took the shield to Huntly where they played Waikato Māori as part of the celebrations for the coronation of Māori King Korokī Mahuta. They held on to the shield with a hard-fought 5–5 draw. Their final match of the season was on a league football charity day at Carlaw Park where they took on the Auckland Colt side and went down 29–12.


1934 Auckland Rugby League season, Tamaki (Auckland Māori) representative team, Tamaki (Auckland Māori) representative matches played and scorers
There were 4 matches played by the team but the team list was not printed for the side that toured Taranaki so only those who scored points in the match are known. The following players were part of the touring squad but not named in the match report and they may have played: B Paul, Bill Turei, B Roberts, P Kautoa, L Wilson, P Rewha, A Kelsall, P Daniels, T Rau, K Rawiri, G Heri. Steve Watene played in all 4 matches and top scored with 22 points. D Hira was the top try scorer with 5, 4 of them coming in the match with the Auckland Colts.


1934 Australian Championships
The 1934 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 18 January to 27 January. It was the 27th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 7th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by British Fred Perry and Australian Joan Hartigan.


1934 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Pat Hughes /  Fred Perry defeated  Adrian Quist /  Don Turnbull 6–8, 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3


1934 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Mall Molesworth /  Emily Hood Westacott defeated  Joan Hartigan /  Ula Valkenburg 6–8, 6–4, 6–4


1934 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Joan Hartigan /  Edgar Moon defeated  Emily Hood Westacott /  Roy Dunlop 6–3, 6–4


1934 Australian Championships – Men's Doubles
The first seeds Pat Hughes and Fred Perry defeated Adrian Quist and Don Turnbull 6–8, 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.


1934 Australian Championships – Men's Doubles
Twenty five teams have entered for the event in which number of pairs was limited to sixteen. Twelve pairs were placed in the main draw and thirteen had to play in the preliminary rounds. Four semifinalists qualified into the first round of the competition proper.


1934 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
Fred Perry defeated Jack Crawford 6–3, 7–5, 6–1 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.


1934 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Fred Perry is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1934 Australian Championships – Mixed Doubles
The second seeds Joan Hartigan and Gar Moon defeated Emily Hood Westacott and Ray Dunlop 6–3, 6–4, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.


1934 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
Defending champions Mall Molesworth and Emily Hood Westacott defeated Joan Hartigan and Ula Valkenburg 6–8, 6–4, 6–4 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.


1934 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
Twenty three teams have entered for the event in which number of pairs was limited to sixteen. Twelve pairs were placed in the main draw and eleven had to play in the preliminary rounds, from which the last four qualified into the first round of the competition proper.


1934 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Joan Hartigan defeated Mall Molesworth 6–1, 6–4, in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1934 Australian Championships.


1934 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Joan Hartigan is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1934 Australian Grand Prix
The 1934 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 19 March 1934. The 200 mile race, which was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia, was the seventh Australian Grand Prix. Contested as a handicap race, it was won by Bob Lea-Wright, driving a Singer Nine.


1934 Australian Grand Prix, Race classification
Of the twenty starters, six completed the course within the prescribed time limit.


1934 Australian federal election
The 1934 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 15 September 1934. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives, and 18 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent United Australia Party led by Prime Minister of Australia Joseph Lyons formed a minority government, with 33 out of 74 seats in the House.


1934 Australian federal election
The opposition Australian Labor Party (ALP) led by James Scullin saw its share of the primary vote fall to an even lower number than in the 1931 election, due to the Lang Labor split. However, it was able to pick up an extra four seats on preferences and therefore improve on its position.


1934 Australian federal election
Almost two months after the election, the UAP entered into a coalition with the Country Party, led by Earle Page.


1934 Australian federal election
Future Prime Ministers Robert Menzies and John McEwen both entered parliament at this election.


1934 Australian federal election, Results, House of Representatives
The member for Northern Territory, Adair Blain (Independent), had voting rights only for issues affecting the Territory, and so is not included in this table.


1934 Avusrennen
The 1934 Avusrennen was a non-championship Grand Prix held on 27 May 1934 at AVUS in Berlin, Germany. It was the 10th race of the 1934 Grand Prix season. The race, which was 15 laps, was won by Guy Moll driving an Alfa Romeo Tipo B/P3 after starting from 9th place.


1934 Avusrennen, Background
The race was highly anticipated due to the new Auto Union and Mercedes-Benz cars making their first public appearances. Although the Mercedes cars had to withdraw after Practice due to an issue that meant that the fuel pump did not deliver fuel sufficiently at high speed, the top Auto Union car finished 3rd, just 1 minute and 45 seconds behind 1st place. The race saw record crowds of an estimated 200,000 spectators including top German ministers such as Adolf Hühnlein, the German Motorsport leader, who started the race.


1934 Avusrennen, Background
It also marked the sudden return of Rudolf Caracciola who fractured his thigh in Practice for the 1933 Manx Grand Prix and announced his retirement from racing shortly after. Tazio Nuvolari also announced his intention to race despite his left leg still being in plaster after breaking it at the 1934 Alessandria Circuit on the 21st of April.


1934 Avusrennen, Background
"I only need my right leg""I came in second in the Montenero Race some years ago with a broken shoulder"


1934 Avusrennen, Background
Tazio Nuvolari when asked about racing with a broken leg.


1934 Avusrennen, Starting grid
The starting grid was determined by ballot and was reduced to 11 cars following the withdrawal of Daimler-Benz due to a fuel pump problem and Bugatti as the cars were not ready.


1934 Avusrennen, Race
The race was started in wet conditions by Adolf Hühnlein at 4:00PM.


1934 Avusrennen, Race
Hans Stuck had a strong start, leading the race by over 48 seconds by the end of the first lap. The lead increased to 73 seconds by the end of the 2nd lap and it seemed like a clear victory for Stuck. Eugenio Siena retired on the 3rd lap due to a mechanical issue. By lap 4 the rain had stopped and the track began drying out. Stuck's lead had dropped to 60 seconds.


1934 Avusrennen, Race
By the 7th lap the track was almost dry and Stuck was still in the lead and would continue to do so until lap 11 when he stopped for a change of tyres and to refuel, the stop lasted 1 minute and 22 seconds. Moll passed Stuck during his pit stop and Stuck rejoined 2nd. On lap 12 Stuck retired due to a clutch issue. On the last lap, Achille Varzi had suffered a puncture before the finish line, he was able to finish slowly and retained 2nd position.


1934 Avusrennen, Race
Guy Moll won the race with an average speed of 205 km/h. Achille Varzi, who won the 1933 race came in second with an average speed of 201 km/h.


1934 BYU Cougars football team
The 1934 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1934 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach G. Ott Romney, the Cougars compiled a 4–5 record (3–5 against RMC opponents), finished seventh in the RMC, and were outscored by a total of 169 to 144.


1934 Ball State Cardinals football team
The 1934 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference (IIC) during the 1934 college football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach John Magnabosco, the team compiled a 2–6 record.


1934 Barcelona City Council election
The 1934 Barcelona City Council election was held on Sunday, 14 January 1934, to elect the Barcelona City Council, the unicameral local legislature of the municipality of Barcelona, together with the other 1,029 Catalan municipalities. At stake were all 40 seats in the City Council, determining the Mayor of Barcelona. These were the first local elections where women were able to vote.


1934 Barcelona City Council election, Electoral system
According to the 1932 Statute of Autonomy, the competences on local elections were devolved to the Catalan Government. The electoral system was determined by the Municipal Law. The number of seats in the Barcelona City Council consisted of 40 members.


1934 Barcelona City Council election, Electoral system
All City Council members were elected in a single multi-member district, consisting of the Barcelona municipality, using closed lists party block voting: the winning party in number of votes would win the 66% of the seats, the second party would win the 66% of the unfilled seats, and so on. Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage in a secret ballot.


1934 Basingstoke by-election
The Basingstoke by-election, 1934 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Basingstoke on 19 April 1934.


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Conservative MP, Gerard Wallop. He resigned suddenly on 14 February 1934. He had been MP here since holding the seat in 1929.


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Election history
Basingstoke had been won by the Conservatives at every election since 1885 apart from 1923 when the Liberals won. The result at the last General election was as follows;


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was set for 19 April 1934, some two months after the vacancy first became known. Nominations closed on 9 April 1934.


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Campaign
Foreign Affairs dominated the campaign, particularly the Conservative dominated National Government's isolationist approach.


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Campaign
The Conservative campaign leaned heavily on the support of their National Government partners. On 5 April, leading Liberal National MP, Ernest Brown, the Minister for Mines, spoke in support of Drummond Wolff. Liberal National Leader Sir John Simon, the Foreign Secretary sent a public letter of support to the Conservative candidate which called on Liberals to vote Conservative.


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Campaign
On the Eve of poll, the Liberal Party Leader, Sir Herbert Samuel visited the constituency and spoke at a public meeting in support of Foot.


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Result
Despite a large swing against the National Government, the Conservative managed to hold onto the seat.


1934 Basingstoke by-election, Aftermath
A Peace Ballot was launched in 1934 to ascertain public support for the League of Nations and collective security. As a result, just before the 1935 general election, the National Government agreed to the Liberal policy of working through the League of Nations. Drummond-Wolff chose not to defend his seat at the following General Election. Foot stood here again. The result at the following General election;


1934 Baylor Bears football team
The 1934 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1934 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Morley Jennings, the Bears compiled a 3–7 record (1–5 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 140 to 91. They played their home games at Carroll Field in Waco, Texas. Joe Jack Pierce and Warren "Red" Weathers were the team captains.


1934 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1934 Belgian Grand Prix (formally the V Grand Prix de Belgique) was a Grand Prix motor race, which was run on 29 July 1934 in Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium. The race lasted 596.05 km (14.90 km x 40 laps). It was the fifth running of the Belgian Grand Prix.


1934 Belgian Grand Prix, Classification
Note: Mercedes and Auto Union teams withdrew when Belgian customs askedthe teams to pay BF180,000 duty on their alcohol based fuel.


1934 Bermondsey Borough election
Elections to Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey were held in 1934.


1934 Bermondsey Borough election
The borough had 12 wards which returned between 3 and 6 members. Of the 12 wards 1 of the wards had all candidates elected unopposed. Labour won all the seats.


1934 Betting and Lotteries Act
The Betting and Lotteries Act, 1934 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and had three sections: Betting, Lotteries and Prize Competitions, and General.


1934 Betting and Lotteries Act
The draft bill was presented to parliament on 7 March with the provisions passed on 27 March.


1934 Betting and Lotteries Act, Overview, Betting
Horse racing courses and greyhound tracks were forced to limit their race days to a maximum 104 per annum whereas previously they were able to race on an unlimited basis. On course bookmakers and totalisators were also restricted to betting on a maximum of 104 days per annum.


1934 Betting and Lotteries Act, Overview, Betting
Power was given to local councils to issue (and revoke or refuse) the betting licences required and the 104 appointed days of trading must be published in advance. The racecourse and tracks were to charge on course bookmakers a specified admission price and it was illegal for under 18 to be involved in any betting organisation.


1934 Betting and Lotteries Act, Overview, Betting
The issue of street bookmaking was not addressed which the press felt should have been. The restriction to 104 days was primarily brought in due to rapid growth of greyhound tracks after 1927 and the associated gambling implications that had followed.


1934 Betting and Lotteries Act, Overview, Lotteries and Prize Competitions
All lotteries were made unlawful with the exemption of small lotteries incidental to certain entertainment and private lotteries. Restrictions were made on certain prize competitions (i.e. in newspapers) and warrant rights were given to any constable to investigate premises that are suspected of breaking the restrictions.


1934 Betting and Lotteries Act, Overview, Lotteries and Prize Competitions
This was primarily directed to combat the Irish Free State Hospitals' Sweepstake.


1934 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1934 Big Ten Conference football season was the 39th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1934 college football season.


1934 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1934 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, under head coach Bernie Bierman, compiled an undefeated 8–0 record, won the Big Ten championship, led the conference in scoring offense (33.8 points per game), and was selected as the national champion by eight of the selectors recognized as official by the NCAA. Fullback Pug Lund received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the most valuable player of the Big Ten. Three Minnesota players were selected as consensus first-team All-Americans: Lund, end Frank Larson, and guard Bill Bevan.


1934 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1934 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, under head coach Robert Zuppke, compiled a 7–1 record and was ranked No. 4 under the Dickinson System. The lone setback was a 7-3 loss at Wisconsin. Halfback Bud Lindberg was selected as the team's most valuable player. Quarterback Jack Beynon was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten player.


1934 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1934 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, in the program's first year under Francis Schmidt, compiled a 7–1 record, led the Big Ten in scoring defense (4.3 points allowed per game), and was ranked No. 8 under the Dickinson System. Guard Regis Monahan and end Merle Wendt were selected as first-team All-Americans.


1934 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyDS = Rankings from Dickinson System. See 1934 college football seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy


1934 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
No Big Ten teams participated in any bowl games during the 1934 season.


1934 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Big Ten players
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP)  as first-team players on the 1934 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1934 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Two Big Ten players were selected as consensus first-team players on the 1934 College Football All-America Team. They were:


1934 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Other Big Ten players received first-team honors from at least one selector. They were:


1934 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team
The 1934 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Birmingham–Southern College as a member of the Dixie Conference during the 1934 college football season. In Jenks Gillem's seventh season as head coach, the team compiled a record of 9–0 overall with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the Dixie Conference title.


1934 Birthday Honours
The King's Birthday Honours 1934 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King. They were published on 4 June 1934.


1934 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1934 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1934 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George V, were appointments made by the King to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 4 June 1934.


1934 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état
The 1934 Bolivian coup d'état, colloquially known as the Corralito of Villamontes (Spanish: Corralito de Villamontes), was a military coup in Bolivia that deposed President Daniel Salamanca in the midst of the Chaco War. Two days before the coup, Salamanca and his presidential delegation arrived at the military headquarters in Villamontes with the intent of removing General Enrique Peñaranda as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and replacing him with General José Leonardo Lanza. In response, on 27 November 1934, army high command directed a group of military officers led by Captain Germán Busch to arrest the president and force his resignation.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état
After the coup, the military resolved to allow Vice President José Luis Tejada Sorzano to assume the presidency to oversee the conclusion of the Chaco War. The coup also had the effect of annulling the 1934 general elections, which occurred a few weeks prior. Tejada Sorzano's mandate was extended twice before he himself was overthrown in another coup d'état in May 1936.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Background
The end of 1934 spotlighed a marked deterioration in the mandate of President Daniel Salamanca. Throughout the course of the Chaco War, the Bolivian war effort was hampered by a bitter conflict between the government and the high command of the armed forces over Salamanca's questionable military decisions. Immediately at the onset of the conflict in June 1932, Salamanca's attempt to replace General Filiberto Osorio with General José Leonardo Lanza as commander-in-chief of the army was blocked by Colonel David Toro who incited his superior, General Carlos Quintanilla, into rejecting the appointment. Such outright insubordination in times of war could have easily merited a court martial or even execution but was not only permitted by Salamanca but allowed to stand, setting a precedent which emboldened the army to continue to test the president's authority.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Background
This permanent lack of cooperation between the government in La Paz and the military headquartered at Samayhuate, Villamontes erupted into a political crisis in August 1934. In that month, Salamanca requested the transfer of Colonel Felipe M. Rivera, chief of staff of the superior command, to the post of chief of the auxiliary general staff in La Paz to reorganize the rearguard services, replacing him in the field with Colonel Bernardino Bilbao Rioja. General Enrique Peñaranda, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, initially stalled in carrying out the order.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Background
By the second half of September, he indicated to Minister of War Luis Fenando Guachalla that there was "stubborn resistance" to introducing Bilbao Rioja to the General Staff. This pushback was undoubtedly coming from Toro who in 1930 had been a member of the government overthrown by a military junta of which Bilbao Rioja was a part of. Peñaranda indicated that such an action would risk army unity and requested that Rivera be preserved for another month while Peñaranda worked to calm the rivalries between the officers.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Background
After a month of continued inaction, Salamanca met with Peñaranda in Tarija on 23 September. That very day, Salamanca had received reports surrounding musings of a potentially imminent coup. As a result, the meeting was tense, with the president levelling accusations of insolence and insubordination at the general. The tirade reached its climax when Peñaranda himself began to raise his voice, leading the president's son, Rafael Salamanca, to intervene, brandishing his revolver. Despite being at a clear disadvantage, Peñaranda convinced Salamanca not only to preserve but extend Rivera's presence in the General Staff indefinitely. Rivera, in turn, launched an invective on Colonel Ángel Rodríguez and it was resolved the next day that he should be replaced.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Background
From Tarija, the presidential delegation traveled to Samayhuate. There, Salamanca was met by a cold, bordering on hostile reception among the military command. Distaste towards him was so high that despite Rodríguez's own unpopularity, resistance towards his removal began to form. Salamanca ultimately returned to La Paz with none of his objectives having been achieved. Guachalla noted that "the president, undoubtedly annoyed by so many setbacks, left [Peñaranda] full freedom to do what was convenient for him. It did not escape several of us that Colonel David Toro was not touched [...] He was the political leader of the Army [...]".


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Background
The final blow to the relationship between Salamanca and the armed forces came in the second week of November 1934. In the Battle of El Carmen, the Paraguayan army executed one of most strategically and tactically successful maneuvers of the entire war. Around 3000 Bolivian soldiers and the Ingavi fortress were captured, leaving the Bolivian frontlines with an almost impossible to recover gap in their frontlines. The disastrous military situation also posed a political crisis for the government. Major newspapers such as El Diario and La Razón began to openly question Salamanca's war policy as a result. It was the last straw for Salamanca who resolved to personally travel to the Chaco and dismiss the high command.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, The corralito, Intrigue at Samayhuate
Salamanca departed La Paz for Villamontes on 21 November 1934. Accompanying him was a presidential delegation made up of his son, Hernán, his brother-in-law, Vice President-elect Rafael de Ugarte, Minister of Government José Antonio Quiroga, and Minister of War Demetrio Canelas. They were additionally joined by military aides and eight policemen. The delegation, joined by Lanza and Miguel Candía, arrived on 25 November with the objective of removing Peñaranda and Rivera, replacing them with Lanza and the lieutenant colonel Luis Añez.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, The corralito, Intrigue at Samayhuate
Knowledge of Salamanca's intentions immediately sparked intrigue among the outgoing high command. That evening, Salamanca, Lanza, and three ministers dined with Germán Busch and Añez. While the conversation remained cordial, both officers wished to overthrow Salamanca but were prevented from doing so by Peñaranda who remained reluctant to act. On the evening of 26 November, Peñaranda met with General Julio Sanjinés, Colonels Rivera and Víctor E. Serrano, and Captain Busch with the military historian Julio Díaz Arguedas present as a witness.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, The corralito, Intrigue at Samayhuate
Díaz Arguedas recounts that Busch told Peñaranda that the military "will not allow these politicians to insult you and dismiss you in the way they are doing it, because only we know of the hardships you have experienced in the campaign" and requested the general's "authorization so that we can apprehend them and expel them from the undeserved positions they occupy".


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, The corralito, Intrigue at Samayhuate
By the end of the meeting, Peñaranda's dismissal was deemed an "outrage against the entire army" and the high command determined to depose Salamanca the following day. The authors of the coup included three generals: Enrique Peñaranda, Julio Sanjinés, and Adalid Tejada; seven colonels: Felipe M. Rivera, Ángel Rodríguez, Enrique Frías, Victorino Gutiérrez, Miguel Alaiza, Néstor Montes, and Heriberto Ariñez; six lieutenant colonels: Jorge Jordán, Víctor E. Serrano, Alfredo Santalla, Enrique Vidaurre, Luis Añez, and Julio Díaz Arguedas, as well as Germán Busch, Raúl Tardío, and Lieutenant Roberto Ramallo. Notably absent was Toro who did not participate in either the planning nor execution of the coup.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, The corralito, Intrigue at Samayhuate
In a tragic twist, Peñaranda himself later wrote that "[...] I did not intend to remain in the position of general-in-chief; I would have resigned if it had not been for the insistence of the chiefs and officers that I stay". He added: "The president could have relieved me of my position from La Paz; I would have immediately complied with this order, asking only that command of the "Loa" regiment be retained from me".


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, The corralito, Putsch at the Staudt house
At dawn on 27 November, Rivera directed that three trucks be brought in carrying troops from the 4th Artillery Group. Meanwhile, two artillery pieces were set up, set to fire on the Staudt house in which the president was residing. Troops under the command of Busch surrounded the premises with machine guns placed in the garden, pointing inwards through the windows. Busch was greeted at the front door by  Lanza and Canelas, the latter of whom was still in pajamas. Lanza recounts that "with appropriate phrases I made some reflections to Major Busch, ordering him to gather his troops and bring them into the premises we were occupying. The major bowed his head and after a little hesitation he obeyed the order".


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, The corralito, Putsch at the Staudt house
Faced with the fait accompli, Salamanca dictated his letter of resignation to Ugarte. It read: "To the nation: By virtue of inherent reasons that weigh on my mind, I resign and definitively abandon the position of Constitutional President of the Republic". The addition of "definitively abandon" to the letter was a phrase specifically dictated by the conspirators.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Aftermath
Soon after Salamanca's deposition, the conspirators Peñaranda, Sanjinés, Rivera, Rodríguez, and Busch, joined by 14 other officers, deliberated on how to take power while maintaining a veneer of legality. The fear of non-recognition of the new government by neighbouring nations, in whose hands peace negotiations were, was doubtlessly a factor taken into account. After debating and discussing all viable options, it was ultimately decided that Vice President José Luis Tejada Sorzano would be allowed to assume office, with the inclusion of three military ministers in his cabinet.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Aftermath
On 28 November, Tejada Sorzano assumed office as acting president. On 1 December, a Military Commission appointed by the high command made up of General Julio Sanjinés and Colonel Felipe M. Rivera arrived in La Paz and delivered the original document containing Salamanca's resignation, after which Article 77 of the Constitution was officially enacted and Tejada Sorzano was named Constitutional President of the Republic.


1934 Bolivian coup d'état, Aftermath
It is notable that the conspiracy to overthrow Salamanca was "not partisan and, secondly, there was no leader guiding the conspiracy. The transitory result was not the seizure of power, but the recognition of a constitutional succession". Nevertheless, the coup was a mortal wound to the traditional political system which had governed for decades and set the stage for its eventual downfall in 1936 and its permanent dissolution following the 1952 National Revolution.


1934 Bolivian general election
General elections were held in Bolivia on 11 November 1934, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Congress, but the results were later nullified. The terms of Senators and Deputies (elected in 1933) then in office were prorogued to 5 August 1936, by Act of National Congress on 4 August 1935.


1934 Boston Braves season
The 1934 Boston Braves season was the 64th season of the franchise. The Braves finished in fourth place in the National League with a record of 78 wins and 73 losses.


1934 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1934 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1934 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1934 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1934 college football season. The Eagles were led by seventh-year head coach Joe McKenney and played their home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The team finished with a record of 5–4. At the conclusion of the season, McKenney resigned as head coach, seemingly at the height of his career at 30 years old, to accept a position as assistant director of physical education for Boston Public Schools. McKenney was 44–18–3 while serving as head coach of Boston College.


1934 Boston Red Sox season
The 1934 Boston Red Sox season was the 34th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 76 wins and 76 losses, 24 games behind the Detroit Tigers.


1934 Boston Red Sox season
On January 5, 1934, during renovation work at Fenway Park—including the removal of Duffy's Cliff, an embankment in front of the Green Monster—a fire that started at the ballpark caused significant damage and spread to some nearby buildings on Lansdowne Street. Further repair and renovation work, costing over $1 million, was completed in time for Opening Day.


1934 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1934 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1934 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Boston Redskins season
The 1934 Boston Redskins season was the franchise's 3rd season in the National Football League . The team finished with a record of six wins and six losses and finished in second place in the Eastern Division of the National Football League. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.


1934 Boston Redskins season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1934 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1934 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1934 college football season. In its first season under head coach Pat Hanley, the team compiled a 3–4 record and was outscored by a total of 104 to 40.


1934 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1934 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State College (later renamed Bowling Green State University) in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1934 college football season. In its 11th season under head coach Warren Steller, the team compiled a 2–3–2 record and was outscored by a total of 54 to 36. Robert Lewis was the team captain.


1934 Brazilian presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Brazil on 17 July 1934. Unlike previous elections which had been public (with the exception of the 1891 presidential election), this election was carried out by the Constituent Assembly. The result was a predictable victory for Getúlio Vargas, who received 175 of the 248 votes. The next elections did not take place until 1945, due to the Estado Novo dictatorship period.


1934 Brisbane City Council election
The 1934 Brisbane City Council election was held on 28 April 1934 to elect the Lord Mayor and councillors for each of the 20 wards of the City of Brisbane.


1934 British Empire Games
The 1934 British Empire Games were the second edition of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, held in England, from 4–11 August 1934. The host city was London, with the main venue at Wembley Park, although the track cycling events were in Manchester. Seventeen national teams took part, including the Irish Free State (the only Games that they participated, although at the 1930 Games, an all Ireland team competed).


1934 British Empire Games
The 1934 Games had been originally awarded to Johannesburg, South Africa, but the change of venue to London was made due to concerns regarding the treatment of black and Asian athletes by South African officials and fans.


1934 British Empire Games
Six sports were featured in the Games: athletics in White City Stadium; boxing, wrestling, and aquatics (swimming and diving) in the Empire Pool and Arena, Wembley; cycling in Fallowfield Stadium, Manchester; and lawn bowls at Paddington and Temple. Events for women athletes included a debut in athletics; the previous games had women's events only in swimming and diving.


1934 British Empire Games, Participating teams
*The affiliation of Irish athletes at these games is unclear, see Ireland at the British Empire Games § 1934 games


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL) season
The 1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season was their fifth in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 5–4–1, winning only four games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season.


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL) season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season
Casey Stengel took over as manager for the 1934 Brooklyn Dodgers, but the team still finished in 6th place.


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1934 Brown Bears football team
The 1934 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1934 college football season.


1934 Brownlow Medal
The 1934 Brownlow Medal was the 11th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Dick Reynolds of the Essendon Football Club won the medal by polling nineteen votes during the 1934 VFL season.


1934 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1934 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1934 college football season. In its first season under head coach Edward Mylin, the team compiled a 7–2–2 record.


1934 Bucknell Bison football team
The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1934 Buffalo Bulls football team
The 1934 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University at Buffalo as an independent during the 1934 college football season. In its first season under head coach George Van Bibber, the team compiled a 2–4–1 record. The team played its home games at Rotary Field in Buffalo, New York.


1934 Bulgarian State Football Championship
Statistics of Bulgarian State Football Championship in the 1934 season.


1934 Bulgarian State Football Championship, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Vladislav Varna won the championship.


1934 Bulgarian coup d'état
The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934, also known as the 19 May coup d'état (Bulgarian: Деветнадесетомайски преврат, Devetnadesetomayski prevrat), was a coup d'état in the Kingdom of Bulgaria carried out by the Zveno military organization and the Military Union with the aid of the Bulgarian Army. It overthrew the government of the wide Popular Bloc coalition and replaced it with one under Kimon Georgiev.


1934 Bulgarian coup d'état, History
The Popular Bloc, which had held power since 1934, consisted of the Democratic Party, Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU) "Vrabcha 1", the National Liberal Party and the Radical Democratic Party. Although it did not abolish the restrictive laws introduced by the former government of the Democratic Accord and it did not change the way the police functioned, it was met with hostility from right-wing forces such as the Military Union (led by Damyan Velchev), Zveno and Aleksandar Tsankov's National Social Movement, of which the most active were the Zveno activists.


1934 Bulgarian coup d'état, History
After a Military Union congress in November 1933, direct preparations for the coup began, with the plotters attempting to win the support of BANU "Vrabcha 1", BANU "Aleksandar Stamboliyski" and even the Democratic Party, but in vain. Taking advantage of the discord in the Popular Bloc in the spring of 1934, the Zveno activists carried out the coup on the eve of 19 May, ahead of Aleksandar Tsankov's supporters, who had planned a coup for 20 May. The coup installed a government under Kimon Georgiev which, besides Zveno members, also included right-wing agrarians and National Social Movement members, while the most important ministry positions were held by the Military Union.


1934 Bulgarian coup d'état, Actions
The coup was not well received by the other political parties, but they were unable to oppose it effectively. The new government temporarily abolished the Tarnovo Constitution, dissolved the National Assembly and banned political parties, revolutionary organizations and trade unions. A new governmental system was introduced wherein the central authority would appoint mayors and would establish state trade unions. Additionally, measures were adopted to deal with the workers' and socialist movement in the country. A state monopoly was introduced, which affected the interests of the big companies. A Public Renewal Directory (Дирекция на обществената обнова, Direktsiya na obshtestvenata obnova) was created, a special state organisation that promoted and propagandised the policy of the government.


1934 Bulgarian coup d'état, Actions
In foreign policy, the Zveno's most notable act was to establish diplomatic relations with the USSR on 23 July 1934 and steer Bulgaria towards France. Kimon Georgiev saw that one way to do that was through improvement of the relationships with Yugoslavia and to bring the two countries closer as Bulgaria's neighbour was an ally of France at that time. As a result king Aleksandar I of Yugoslavia visited Bulgaria in 27 September 1934. Since part of the Zveno activists and the Military Union were republicans, it had an anti-monarchist policy, so Tsar Boris III did not welcome the coup.


1934 Bulgarian coup d'état, Actions
With the aid of faithful Military Union officers, the tsar forced Kimon Georgiev to resign in January 1935 and appointed Pencho Zlatev in his place. From that point, the tsar had total control over the country, a state which would last until his death in 1943. The major political parties banned in 1934 were legalised after the 1944 coup d'état.


1934 CCNY Beavers football team
The 1934 CCNY Beavers football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1934 college football season. In their first season under Benny Friedman, the team compiled a 4–3 record.


1934 Cal Aggies football team
The 1934 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1934 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1934 Cal Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by seventh-year head coach Irv "Crip" Toomey. They played home games at A Street field on campus in Davis, California. The Aggies finished winless, with a record of zero wins, five losses and three ties (0–5–3, 0–2–2 FWC). The Aggies were outscored by their opponents 16–163 for the 1934 season. The Aggies were shut out in six of their eight games, but ended up with a tie in three of those games as their opponents also failed to score.


1934 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1934 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic School during the 1934 college football season. Cal Poly was a two-year school until 1941, and competed as an independent from 1929 to 1945.


1934 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The team was led by second-year head coach Howie O'Daniels and played home games in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and two losses (6–2). Overall, the Mustangs outscored their opponents 115–14 for the season, including five shutouts.


1934 Calgary municipal election
The 1934 Calgary municipal election was held on November 21, 1934 to elect six Aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council. Along with positions on Calgary City Council, a Commissioner, three trustees for the Public School Board, and two trustees for the Separate School Board. Nominations closed on November 5, 1934.


1934 Calgary municipal election
Calgary City Council governed under "Initiative, Referendum and Recall" which is composed of a Mayor, Commissioner and twelve Aldermen all elected to staggered two year terms. Mayor Andrew Davison and six Aldermen: Joseph Brown Seymour, Alexander John MacMillan, William George Southern, Joseph Hope Ross, Harold William Hounsfield Riley and Robert Henry Weir elected in 1933 continued in their positions.


1934 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for candidates being two years.


1934 Calgary municipal election, Background
The great depression played a significant role in the 1934 election as many Calgarians were out of work. A candidate meeting at the Elks Lodge was interrupted by a relief worker who was subsequently arrested by police. Members of the crowd surged towards the gallery in defense of the worker forcing Mayor Davison to end the meeting when he realized order could not be restored.


1934 Calgary municipal election, Background
The Calgary Herald advocated on behalf of the Civic Government Association prior to the election arguing that Labour Aldermen and trustees had failed to effectively run the city.


1934 California Golden Bears football team
The 1934 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1934 college football season. Under head coach Bill Ingram, the team compiled an overall record of 6–6 and 3–2 in conference.


1934 California gubernatorial election
The 1934 California gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1934. Held in the midst of the Great Depression, the 1934 election was amongst the most controversial in the state's political history, pitting conservative Republican Frank Merriam against former Socialist Party member turned Democrat Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle. A strong third party challenge came from Progressive Raymond L. Haight, a Los Angeles lawyer campaigning for the political center. Much of the campaign's emphasis was directed at Sinclair's EPIC movement, proposing interventionist reforms to cure the state's ailing economy. Merriam, who had recently assumed the governorship following the death of James Rolph, characterized Sinclair's proposal as a step towards communism.


1934 California gubernatorial election
Unethical negative campaigning funded by the film industry was used against Sinclair to favor the Merriam campaign, as briefly depicted in the 2020 American biographical drama film Mank.


1934 California gubernatorial election, Further reading
This California elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .


1934 Cambridge by-election
The Cambridge by-election of 1934 was held on 8 February 1934. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Newton. It was won by the Conservative candidate Richard Tufnell.


1934 Campeonato Carioca
In the 1934 season of the Campeonato Carioca, two championships were disputed, each by a different league.


1934 Campeonato Carioca, AMEA Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by AMEA started on April 8, 1934. The championship began with all the ten teams that had finished the championship of the previous year, but in early June, a series of events that resulted on half the teams leaving the championship began. the severely reduced championship only ended on January 13, 1935. Botafogo won the championship for the 7th time. no teams were relegated.


1934 Campeonato Carioca, AMEA Championship, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1934 Campeonato Carioca, AMEA Championship, Championship
Due to the unbalanced amount of matches that the remaining teams had, for title awarding purposes, it was decided that the team with less points lost would win the title and that the matches against the five teams that had abandoned the championship wouldn't be annulled.


1934 Campeonato Carioca, LCF Championship
The edition of the Campeonato Carioca organized by LCF (Liga Carioca de Football, or Carioca Football League) kicked off on April 1, 1934 and ended on August 12, 1934. Six teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the championship for the 4th time. no teams were relegated.


1934 Campeonato Carioca, LCF Championship, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1934 Campeonato Paulista
The 1934 Campeonato Paulista was the 33rd season of São Paulo's top association football league. Two championships were disputed that season, each by a different league.


1934 Campeonato Paulista, APEA Championship
In the edition organized by the APEA (Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos), Palestra Itália won the title for the 6th time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was Palestra Itália's Romeu with 13 goals.


1934 Campeonato Paulista, APEA Championship, System
The championship was disputed in a double round-robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1934 Campeonato Paulista, FPF Championship
In the edition organized by the FPF (Federação Paulista de Football), which is not recognized by the present-day FPF as an official Paulista championship, Juventus, then playing under the name of Fiorentino, won the title for the 1st time. very little is known about that championship. The league folded soon after.


1934 Carmarthenshire County Council election
An election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1934. It was preceded by the 1931 election and followed by the 1937 election.


1934 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result
The Independent group remained the majority grouping on the Council, with Labour polling strongly in the industrial south and east of the county. In the Llanelli area, Communist Party candidates contested a number of seats but polled a low vote in all cases.


1934 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
A greater number of contests took place in 1934 in Carmarthenshire than at any time since the First World War. This was as a result of more contests in rural areas between rival Independent candidates.


1934 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. As noted, there was ambiguity in some cases over the party affiliation.


1934 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 53 councillors were elected.


1934 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
In addition to the 53 councillors the council consisted of 17 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections the following nine aldermen were elected (with the number of votes in each case).


1934 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team
The 1934 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team represented the Carnegie Institute of Technology during the 1934 college football season. The head coach was Howard Harpster, coaching his second season with the team.


1934 Catalan local elections
The 1934 Catalan local elections were held on 14 January to elect the municipal councils in all the 1,029 municipalities of Catalonia. These elections were only held in Catalonia, as the 1932 Statute of Autonomy devolved the competences on local elections to the Generalitat de Catalunya. These were the first and only election to be organised by the Catalan Government, since this administration was suppressed by the Dictatorship of Francisco Franco in 1939, after winning the Spanish Civil War. The following free local elections were not held until 1979, during the transition to democracy.


1934 Catalan local elections, Electoral system
The electoral system was determined by the Municipal Law, which was approved by the Parliament of Catalonia in August 1933. The elections were scheduled to be held in November 1933, but they were delayed to January in order not to interfere with the 1933 general election. The municipal council seats of all the 1,029 municipalities of Catalonia were up for election. The population-seat relationship on each municipality was to be established on the following scale:


1934 Catalan local elections, Electoral system
All the councillors were elected in single multi-member districts, consisting of the municipality's territory, using closed lists. The allocation of seats depended on the population:


1934 Catalan local elections, Electoral system
The mayors were elected on the first plenary session by the councillors. Candidates obtaining an absolute majority on a first or second round were elected. If none of the candidates had achieved an absolute majority, a third round would have been held, where the candidate with plurality would be elected.


1934 Catalan local elections, Results, Overall
Turnout was 59.8%, lower than the 1931 elections, but similar to the 1933 general election. The highest abstention rates were found in towns across the Pyrenees. The left-wing parties got a majority of votes, specially in Penedès and in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The right-wing parties made their best results in Solsonès, Segarra and Alt Urgell, and they won in cities like Girona, Vic, Olot or El Vendrell.


1934 Catalan local elections, Results, Juditial district capitals
In the following table, background-coloured rows indicate the winning list in a municipality.


1934 Catalan local elections, Results, Juditial district capitals
In the following table, background-coloured rows indicate the ruling parties in a municipality.


1934 Catholic University Cardinals football team
The 1934 Catholic University Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the Catholic University of America as an independent during the 1934 college football season. In its fourth year under head coach Dutch Bergman, the team compiled a 4–3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 194 to 39.


1934 Centenary Gentlemen football team
The 1934 Centenary Gentlemen football team represented the Centenary College of Louisiana during the 1934 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Curtis Parker and competed in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
The Melbourne Centenary was a 1934 centennial celebration of the founding of the city of Melbourne, Australia.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
As Victoria reeled from the severe economic and social fracturing of the Great Depression, its Centenary celebrated progress and community cohesion. Held between October 1934 and June 1935, the Centenary in fact celebrated two 'foundation' events, firstly commemorating Edward Henty's Portland settlement on 19 November 1834 as the first white settlement in what would later become the state of Victoria, then John Batman's pronouncement of the area upstream of the Yarra River as 'the place for a village', taken as the city's foundation, on 8 June 1835.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
John Batman was promoted as an heroic icon in an effort to embody the rewarding aspects of self-improvement, and was given more prominence as a founding father rather than John Pascoe Fawkner, whose advance party had in fact settled the site of the city where the Customs House is now located before Batman's party could return to make a permanent camp.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
The Centenary Celebrations Council co-ordinated over 300 events held across Victoria, including 'Centenary editions' of the Royal Agricultural Show, the Melbourne Cup and other sporting events, but the major events were a Royal Visit by the Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester through October and November, the Centenary Air Race, the display of the 'world's biggest birthday cake' at the Joyland fair on the banks of the Yarra, and the Centenary Art Exhibition.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
Other major events included a National Eucharistic Congress organised for the Catholics of the country by archbishop Daniel Mannix and a Centenary Jamboree held for the country's scouts in Frankston from 27 December 1934 - 7 January 1935, attended by the 77 year old founder of the movement, Lord Baden Powell.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
The Centenary Cake was widely reported as 'the world's biggest', weighing 10 tons, and 50 ft high, surmounted by 99 candles, made by George Rath, a well known confectioner, and was reported to be cut into 250,000 pieces individually wrapped in cellophane and then in a tin box, with 100 containing gold sovereigns,  for sale for 1 shilling, with part of the proceeds to go to various charities. The cake was launched and the first cut made by the Governor, Lord Huntingfield, while the Joyland fair was opened by the Lady Mayoress, Mrs Gengoult Smith, on 29 September 1934.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
A silver clock depicting the cake, made by Sheeth & Sons,  was also displayed, donated by the Myer Emporium, and was intended as a prize to the 'holder of the greatest number of attendance stamps', but appears never to have been claimed, and is now in the collection of the National Gallery of Victoria.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
Many events were sponsored by the City of Melbourne, which was also the location for most of them. The city's streets were brightly illuminated at night by both special lighting of major buildings, and 'lollypop' light standards erected by the city on the major streets, while Princes Bridge was enhanced by flag-bedecked pylons.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
As the centenary committee which organised events was entirely male, a Women's Centenary Council was established to ensure women's opinions were heard. This council was responsible for planning, funding and constructing the Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden in Kings Domain, which was opened on Saturday, 8 June 1935.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
Many wealthy individuals made donations towards events and commemorations, with MacPherson Robertson, the confectionery king, donating the then enormous sum of £100,000 in 1933, to be spent on various projects. The then Lord Mayor of Melbourne Harold Gengoult Smith suggested that an air race should be organised from London to Melbourne, and £15,000 of the gift was allocated as prize money, to which Robertson agreed, on condition the race was named after him and was as safe as possible. The MacRobertson Centenary Air Race was duly organised and attracted international entries from many well known fliers of the day.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
The race started at RAF Mildenhall, Suffolk, England, and 2 days, 23 hours, 18 seconds later, at 3.34 pm, on 23 October 1934, the de Havilland DH.88 Comet, "Grosvenor House", piloted by C.W.A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black, crossed the finish line at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, winning the speed section of the great race. Second and third places were taken by American-made Boeing 247s and Douglas DC-2s.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne
The remainder of Robertsons gift was spent on public works projects, mostly named in honour of their donor, including the construction of the Mac.Robertson Girls' High School, the MacRobertson Bridge over the Yarra River at Grange Road, the Art Deco style Macpherson Robertson Fountain behind the Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance, and a new home for the National Herbarium of Victoria in the Royal Botanic Gardens.


1934 Centenary of Melbourne, Major Events
Numerous events were planned, or happened to take place during the Centenary celebrations, and so were counted as part of the commemoration. Events included :


1934 Centenary of Melbourne, Gallery
Duke of Gloucester arrival procession, City of Footscray's stand, St Kilda Road


1934 Central America hurricane
The 1934 Central America hurricane (called the El Salvador hurricane by meteorologist Ivan Ray Tannehill) was a tropical cyclone that caused at least 506 fatalities in Central America in June 1934, making it one of the deadliest hurricanes in Atlantic history. Its peak strength in the Gulf of Mexico was equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane on the modern Saffir–Simpson scale. The storm's path was erratic, beginning in the Gulf of Honduras on June 4 shortly before making its first landfall on the British Honduras as a tropical storm.


1934 Central America hurricane
It then took a looping course through Guatemala before reemerging into the Gulf of Honduras on June 8. The storm struck the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula as a hurricane on June 9, crossing into the western Gulf of Mexico where its course made another loop. An accelerated northward course followed, leading to the hurricane's landfall along the Louisiana coast on June 16. It weakened over land and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on June 18, accelerating northeast towards the Canadian Maritimes thereafter.


1934 Central America hurricane
The storm's slow track over Central America between June 5–8 led to copious rainfall and triggered deadly floods; El Salvador and Honduras suffered most among Central American countries. Rainfall totals exceeded 25 in (640 mm) in some areas. Fourteen rivers in El Salvador rose above their banks. Entire villages in El Salvador were destroyed by the floods, with damage extensive in the country's interior and along its Pacific coast. Communications with El Salvador were downed for 36 hours.


1934 Central America hurricane
Extensive damage to crops and infrastructure occurred in and around San Salvador, where at least 2,000 people may have perished; property damage totaled $2 million (1934 USD) in the city. The hurricane was especially deadly in Honduras, primarily west and north of Tegucigalpa. In Ocotepeque, torrential rainfall caused a landslide that formed a natural dam, allowing floodwater to accumulate behind it. The dam failed on June 7, and the resulting debris flow downstream destroyed most of Ocotepeque and killed an estimated 468 people. The Yucatán Peninsula's sparse population mitigated significant damage when the hurricane struck Quintana Roo on June 9, though crops were impacted between Progreso and Payo Obispo.


1934 Central America hurricane
Much of the shores of the Gulf of Mexico were affected by the hurricane due to its erratic path. High winds and coastal floods stemming from swells generated by the storm reached Tamaulipas and Brazos Island along the western extents of Gulf of Mexico, while a stationary front tapped into moisture from the storm to produce heavy rainfall across southern Georgia and Florida. The worst of the hurricane's impacts associated with its landfall in Louisiana were caused by the storm's rainbands that raked across Louisiana and Mississippi ahead of the hurricane's center. Six people were killed in Louisiana and four were killed in Mississippi. Approximately 3,000–7,000 homes were damaged in Louisiana. The storm continued to produce high winds and flooding rainfall as it tracked northeast across the Mid-Atlantic states and into Canada, causing power outages and property damage.


1934 Central America hurricane, Meteorological history
The circumstances leading to the storm's formation in the western Caribbean Sea were unclear, marked only by inclement weather in the Gulf of Honduras. An area of low pressure developed in the area and organized into a tropical depression by 12:00 UTC on June 4, strengthening into a tropical storm six hours later. The following day, the cyclone made landfall near Belize City in the British Honduras with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). Over the next two days, the storm took a looping path primarily through Guatemala.


1934 Central America hurricane, Meteorological history
Although interaction with land initially weakened the cyclone, the storm's winds quickly increased when it passed near Guatemala's Pacific coast. It re-entered the Gulf of Honduras on a northward path early on June 8 and strengthened into a hurricane by June 9. Concurrently, it curved towards the west, leading to a landfall along the Yucatán Peninsula on June 9 with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h).