1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
The ship lost all of its lifeboats, and as a result the United Fruit Company line was sent to accompany the damaged ship. Inland, damage was concentrated in an area extending from Jupiter to the border between Florida and Georgia. The hurricane's landfall on the peninsula was attended by torrential rainfall, which damaged crops, particularly citrus. Rainfall peaked at 14.5 in (370 mm) in St. Cloud over a five-day period from August 7–12. There, the nearby East Lake Tohopekaliga began to overflow, threatening property and crops.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
Losses to the citrus crop were estimated by the Florida Citrus Exchange to be equivalent to 1 million boxes of citrus. However, damage to citrus in the Kissimmee area was comparatively less, and was limited to unripe fruit. Lake Okeechobee's water level rose by 2 ft (0.61 m) as a result of floodwater rushing into the lake. Damage along the lake's shores mostly occurred to the north. To the south, in Clewiston, minor damage was confined to trees and windows.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
Two deaths occurred in the vicinity of the Indian River; these were the only deaths associated with the hurricane in the state. Numerous highways were also washed out by the rains, especially on Florida's south-central east coast. Portions of State Road 4 were covered in debris strewn by strong winds. Damage to the state's road systems was estimated at $100,000 by the former Florida State Highway Commission. Bridges were also badly damaged, with some needing replacement.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
Alongside the heavy rainfall, strong winds were reported. Large live oak trees were uprooted, especially in Osceola, Brevard, Orange, and Marion counties in Florida. Initial estimates of property damage in several cities on Florida's mid-eastern coast reached $5 million, though this was later drastically scaled down. In Sebastian, winds were estimated at 100 mph (160 km/h). Due to the high winds, rail service on the Florida East Coast Railway was halted 3 mi (4.8 km) north of Jupiter after winds became unsuitable for continued travel. Portions of the railway were also flooded in water.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
The train station in Fort Pierce was later unroofed. Many of the state's coastal beaches suffered from window damage and damage to vegetation caused by strong winds. An estimated 75% of structures in Fort Pierce and 50% of structures in Vera were estimated to have been damaged by the strong winds, particularly in the form of torn roofs. A report suggested that damage from those two cities reached at least $1 million. The strong winds also hampered telephone and telegraph networks across the state, with losses as a result in excess of $1,000.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
Power transmission lines belonging to the Florida Power & Light Company were downed, causing a widespread power outage along the coast from Titusville to West Palm Beach. Thus, services requiring electric power were postponed until power was later restored. In Stuart, failure of the electric pumps led to loss of telecommunications and the local water supply. In Melbourne, additional power lines were downed, and buildings experienced awning damage. Portions of Central Florida also saw considerable damage. In Winter Haven, winds were reported to have reached 75 mph (120 km/h), before power was cut.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Florida
A hotel in the city collapsed, and numerous houses were unroofed. Property damage in Kissimmee and Haines City was severe, with many collapsed buildings. In Haines City, a large garage collapsed, destroying automobiles parked within. Nearby in Lakeland, there was less damage, though winds estimated at 50 mph (80 km/h) tore signs and awnings. Effects of the storm in Tampa were comparatively less, though a lack of communications between the city and other locations led to speculation that Tampa had been severely hit. At nearby Clearwater, Florida, boats were run aground at the harbor, causing some damage. Similar conditions were felt in Ocala, though in some suburban areas trees were felled by the strong winds. Bus service in the area was delayed due to debris covering roadways.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Elsewhere in the United States
Upon the hurricane's second landfall on the Florida Panhandle on August 10, wind effects were much less significant, though the storm dropped widespread rainfall throughout its remaining path. Aided by orthographic lift from the Appalachian Mountains, the rainfall caused numerous reports of flood damage across the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic states. For any given 50,000 sq mi (130,000 km2) area of land affected by the storm, the maximum average rainfall was 6.4 in (160 mm). In southern and central Georgia, flood warnings were issued due to the potential for flood impacts late on August 10.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Elsewhere in the United States
In Macon, Georgia, 8.5 in (216 mm) of rain was recorded in a 16-hour period. The Ocmulgee River, which runs through Macon, began to rise past flood stage as a result, causing the lower areas of the city to be inundated. Trees were also downed due to strong winds. Portions of the Central of Georgia Railway were washed out, forcing trains to be redirected. In Thomasville, Georgia, highways leading to Florida were rendered impassable due to blocking debris. In Valdosta, Georgia, a torn roof cut through several power lines, causing electrical disruptions in the city. Similar impacts were felt in Augusta, Georgia, where strong winds toppled trees, damaged cottages, and severed telecommunication lines. Five people there were injured. In addition, a tornado occurred nearby, damaging houses and flattening trees.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Elsewhere in the United States
Further east in the Carolinas, five people were killed in the Piedmont region due to floods caused by the passing storm. Torrential rainfall in the area resulted in disruption of power, communications, and traffic. Precipitation in those two states peaked at 9 in (230 mm) in western North Carolina. In South Carolina, the heavy rainfall forced the issuance of flood warnings on the rising Santee River and its tributaries. The Broad and Congaree Rivers in South Carolina later set high water level records due in part to the saturated soils caused by the storm.


1928 Fort Pierce hurricane, Preparations and impact, Elsewhere in the United States
The storm reached Virginia by August 12, resulting in additional flooding. A weather station in Richmond, Virginia recorded a minimum barometric pressure of 1000 mbar (hPa; 29.53 inHg). There, the James and Rivanna Rivers exceeded their respective flood stages, washing out peripheral crops. Offshore the Mid-Atlantic states, over 100 people were rescued after rough waves swept them away. Moderate gales associated with the storm were reported as far north as New York.


1928 Frankford Yellow Jackets season
The 1928 Frankford Yellow Jackets season was their fifth in the National Football League. The team improved on their previous league output of 6–9–3, winning eleven games. They finished second in the league standings.


1928 Frankford Yellow Jackets season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum
A referendum on reducing the number of MPs was held in the Free City of Danzig on 9 December 1928. Voters were presented with two different proposals on reducing the size of the 120-seat Volkstag and the Senate. Voters were only allowed to vote "yes" to one proposal, but neither received a majority in support. Two years later Volkstag members voted to reduce the size of the body to 72 seats.


1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum, Background
The Free City of Danzig was created as an entity by the Treaty of Versailles. Its constitution came into force on 5 November 1922, and provided for a 120-seat Volkstag and a 22-member Senate, which functioned as the territory's cabinet. It also set out that Danzig City Council was elected by Volkstag members rather than the public.


1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum, Background
On 21 September the Volkstag rejected a bill to reduce it in size; despite MPs voting by 72–2 to reduce their number, the quorum of 80 votes was missed. As a result of the vote, two citizen initiatives were started. The initiatives required the signature of at least 10% of voters, which based on there being 214,363 registered voters for the 1927 elections, was 21,437 signatures.


1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum, Background
The "People's Will" (Volkswille) initiative collected 28,961 signatures. It proposed a 72-seat Volkstag, which would elect a 12-member Senate with 5 full-time members and 7 part-time members. Danzig City Council would still be elected by the Volkstag, but based on the proportion of votes received in the previous election.


1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum, Background
The "Citizen Protection" (Bürgerschutz) initiative gathered 46,219 signatures, and proposed a 61-seat Volkstag, which would elect a 12-member Senate with 5 full-time members and 7 part-time members. It also proposed the direct election of Danzig City Council.


1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum, Results
In order to be ratified, the proposal had to be approved by at least 50% of the number of registered voters in the 1927 elections. Voters could only vote on one of the proposals, and any ballot on which a vote had been cast for both proposals, even if they had votes "yes" to one and "no" to the other, was void.


1928 Free City of Danzig MP reduction referendum, Results
A total of 73,739 people voted on the Citizens' Protection initiative, whilst 59,442 people voted on the People's Will initiative, with 99% of voters voting for one of the two. Just over 4,000 invalid ballots were cast.


1928 French Championships (tennis)
The 1928 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay ourts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 24 May until 4 June. It was the 33rd staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. It was the first tournament held at the new Roland-Garros stadium which was built during the winter of 1927/1928.


1928 French Championships (tennis)
In the women's singles, Helen Wills Moody became the first American to win the singles event.


1928 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
Henri Cochet (FRA) defeated  René Lacoste (FRA) 5–7, 6–3, 6–1, 6–3


1928 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
Jean Borotra (FRA) /  Jacques Brugnon (FRA) defeated  Henri Cochet (FRA) /  René de Buzelet (FRA) 6–4, 3–6, 6–2, 3–6, 6–4


1928 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Phoebe Holcroft Watson (GBR) /  Eileen Bennett Whittingstall (GBR) defeated  Suzanne Devé (FRA) /  Sylvie Lafaurie (FRA) 6–0, 6–2


1928 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Eileen Bennett Whittingstall (GBR) /  Henri Cochet (FRA) defeated  Helen Wills (USA) /  Frank Hunter (USA) 3–6, 6–3, 6–3


1928 French Championships – Men's Singles
Henri Cochet defeated René Lacoste 5–7, 6–3, 6–1, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1928 French Championships.


1928 French Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Henri Cochet is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1928 French Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Helen Wills defeated Eileen Bennett 6–1, 6–2 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1928 French Championships. The draw consisted of 37 players of which 8 were seeded.


1928 French Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Helen Wills is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1928 French Grand Prix
The 1928 French Grand Prix (formally the XXII Grand Prix de l'A.C.F.) was a Grand Prix motor race held at Saint-Gaudens on 1 July 1928. The race was held over 10 laps of a 26.3 km course for a total distance of 263 km. This is the same circuit used for the Grand Prix du Comminges. The race was won by William Grover-Williams driving a Bugatti. Due to a lack of entries in 1926 and 1927 it was decided that the race should be held for sports cars.


1928 French Grand Prix
Four 10 lap heats were held to determine the starters of the final. The final was run as a handicap race of 10 laps, with handicaps determined by the heats. The eventual winner William Grover-Williams was the last to start, 32 minutes and 8 seconds after the first group of cars was released.


1928 French legislative election
Legislative elections in France to elect the 14th legislature of the French Third Republic were held on 22 and 29 April 1928. These elections saw the restoration of the two-round system that had been abolished in 1919.


1928 French legislative election
The result was a victory for the centre-right government of Raymond Poincaré, which had been in power since July 1926. A succession of centre-right governments followed until 1932.


1928 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1928 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State Normal School during the 1928 college football season.


1928 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
Fresno State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The 1928 team was led by head coach Arthur W. Jones in his eighth and last year at the helm. They played home games at Fresno State College Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished with a record of two wins, five losses and one tie (2–5–1, 0–3–1 FWC). The Bulldogs were outscored by their opponents 56–288 for the season and were shut out in five of the eight games.


1928 George Washington Colonials football team
The 1928 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Harry W. Crum, the team compiled a 1–7 record.


1928 Georgetown Hoyas football team
The 1928 Georgetown Hoyas football team represented Georgetown University during the 1928 college football season. Led by Lou Little in his fifth season as head coach, the team went 8–2.


1928 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1928 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1928 college football season. In the first year under head coach Harry Mehre, the Bulldogs completed the season with a 4–5 record.


1928 Georgia Normal Blue Tide football team
The 1928 Georgia Normal Blue Tide football team represented Georgia Normal School—now known as Georgia Southern University– during the 1928 college football season. The team's head was coached was Hugh A. Woodle, in his second and final year.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team
The 1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology (commonly known as Georgia Tech) during the 1928 Southern Conference football season. The team, which was a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon), was coached by William Alexander in his ninth year as head coach. Alexander compiled a record of 10–0 (7–0 SoCon) and outscored his opponents 213 to 40. Georgia Tech played its home games at Grant Field.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team
The team was selected national champion by Berryman, Billingsley, Boand, Football Research, Helms, Houlgate, NCF, Poling, and Sagarin (ELO-Chess), while Parke Davis named them co-champion as shared with Detroit. Additionally, USC also earned recognition under the Dickinson System. USC declined the 1929 Rose Bowl invitation, resulting in a matchup of California and Georgia Tech. The game was decided by a safety, which was scored after Cal's Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels ran 65 yards (59 m) in the wrong direction.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team
Several Georgia Tech players received postseason honors. Captain and center Peter Pund was a consensus All-American. Coach Knute Rockne said of Tech's 13–0 defeat of Notre Dame, "I sat at Grant Field and saw a magnificent Notre Dame team suddenly recoil before the furious pounding of one man–Peter Pund". Tackle Frank Speer was also selected as a first-team All-American by the Associated Press.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Before the season
After the defeat of the Georgia Bulldogs' 1927 Dream and Wonder team, Georgia Tech returned all but one of its key players. Alabama coach Wallace Wade said Georgia Tech, Georgia, and Vanderbilt had the best chances of winning a southern title. Georgia Tech head coach William Alexander held daily scrimmages.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Before the season
The Golden Tornado was led by center and senior captain Peter Pund, who was never penalized, and was a key player on defense. Halfback Warner Mizell headed a powerful backfield that also included Stumpy Thomason and Father Lumpkin.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, V. M. I.
Georgia Tech opened the season on October 6 with a 13–0 defeat of the VMI Keydets, in a game marred by fumbles in every quarter. Tech gained 307 yards and VMI 159. The Georgia Tech line "tore the V. M. I. line to shreds" and all members of the backfield played well. W. R. Tichenor was umpire. Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Holland (left end), Thrash (left tackle), Westbrook (left guard), Pund (center), Drennon (right guard), Speer (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Durant (quarterback), Mizell (left halfback), Thomason (right halfback), and Randolph (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Tulane
In the second week of play, Georgia Tech scored twice on forward passes to beat the Tulane Green Wave 12–0. The first one came in the second quarter; Warner Mizell threw a 25-yard (23 m) pass to Tom Jones. The second came in the fourth quarter on a pass from Dunlap to Stumpy Thomason. Georgia Tech started the second half of the game with a fierce drive down to the 1-yard (0.91 m) line when Randolph fumbled the ball away.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Notre Dame
Georgia Tech next defeated coach Knute Rockne's Notre Dame Fighting Irish 13–0. Father Lumpkin intercepted two Irish passes, setting up the winning score by running the second interception down to the 3-yard (2.7 m) line. After the game, coach Rockne said, "I sat at Grant Field and saw a magnificent Notre Dame team suddenly recoil before the furious pounding of one man–Peter Pund ... Nobody could stop him. I counted 20 scoring plays that this man ruined". Rockne later also wrote of an attack on his coaching in the Atlanta Journal, "I am surprised that a paper of such fine, high standing [as yours] would allow a zipper to write in his particular vein ... the article by Fuzzy Woodruff was not called for".


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Notre Dame
Tech's backfield coach Don Miller was a former player of Rockne's, one of the "Four Horsemen". As coach Alexander explained, "Coach Miller knows the Notre Dame offense of Knute Rockne as well as any man alive. It's virtually the same offense that Kid Woodruff has at Georgia."


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Notre Dame
Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Holland (left end), Maree (left tackle), Westbrook (left guard), Pund (center), Drennon (right guard), Speer (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Durant (quarterback), Mizell (left halfback), Thomason (right halfback), and Randolph (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, North Carolina
The Golden Tornado then invaded North Carolina for the first time and beat the Tar Heels 20–7. Georgia Tech started the game with its second stringers, which seemed to perform sufficiently.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, North Carolina
Four minutes into the game, Earl Dunlap hit Tom Jones with a 55-yard (50 m) touchdown pass. The next score came when Fitzgerald cut back on a 37-yard (34 m) touchdown run. The third was a short run Dunlap set up by a pass to Holland. In the second half, Tech made two first downs to ten for North Carolina. Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Jones (left end), Watkins (left tackle), Westbrook (left guard), Pund (center), Drennon (right guard), Speer (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Durant (quarterback), Mizell (left halfback), Thomason (right halfback), and Randolph (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Oglethorpe
Georgia Tech defeated the local Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels 32–7. Light rain kept the attendance at 8,000. After a 7–7 tie in the first half, the Petrels were smothered "under an avalanche of off tackle plays" in the second; their touchdown drive having used up all of their energy. Cy Bell was Oglethorpe's star.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Oglethorpe
Stumpy Thomason had multiple long gains. Tech gained 320 yards (290 m) to Oglethorpe's 62 yards (57 m). W. R. Tichenor was umpire. Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Jones (left end), Thrash (left tackle), Edwards (left guard), Pund (center), Brooke (right guard), Speer (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Durant (quarterback), Wilson (left halfback), Thomason (right halfback), and Randolph (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Georgia Tech ended the Jimmy Armistead-led Vanderbilt Commodores' hopes of a southern title with a 19–7 victory. The ground-gaining of Thomason, Lumpkin, and Mizell carried Georgia Tech.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt
Georgia Tech's first touchdown came on a 45-yard (41 m) pass from Tom Jones to Warner Mizell on a triple pass play. Georgia Tech's next score came on an end run from Mizell. Vanderbilt's lone score came on an 85-yard (78 m) run by lineman Bull Brown after picking up a Stumpy Thomason fumble. The last score was a short run by Lumpkin. W. R. Tichenor was field judge. Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Jones (left end), Maree (left tackle), Westbrook (left guard), Pund (center), Drennon (right guard), Speer (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Schulman (quarterback), Mizell (left halfback), Lumpkin (right halfback), and Randolph (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Alabama
Tech defeated coach Wallace Wade's Alabama Crimson Tide 33–13, scoring three times in the final period to break a 13–13 tie at the half. Coach Alexander gave his team a fiery halftime speech, drawing up defensive plays.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Alabama
Warner Mizell scored first when he went back to punt, but fumbled the snap, and picked it up and ran it 75 yards (69 m). In the fourth quarter, Alabama drove to Tech's 32-yard (29 m) line when Tony Holm, who had been playing his greatest game, suffered a fractured rib. Georgia Tech took over and the deadlock was eventually broken when Stumpy Thomason ran 46 yards (42 m). Later, Mizell passed to Thomason for another touchdown. The final score came on an interception from Bob Durant returned 55 yards (50 m).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Alabama
Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Jones (left end), Maree (left tackle), Westbrook (left guard), Pund (center), Drennon (right guard), Speer (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Durant (quarterback), Mizell (left halfback), Thomason (right halfback), and Randolph (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Auburn
Prior to the rivalry game with Auburn, Mizell was stricken with the flu. Tech still won 51–0. Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Jones (left end), Maree (left tackle), Westbrook (left guard), Pund (center), Drennon (right guard), Watkins (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Schulman (quarterback), Fiasst (left halfback), Lumpkin (right halfback), and Randolph (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Georgia
In the final game of the regular season, Georgia Tech defeated the rival Georgia Bulldogs 20–6. In the third period, Stumpy Thomason twisted for a 42-yard (38 m) run after an exchange of punts. Lumpkin ran through the line for 15 yards (14 m) and the ensuing touchdown to lead 14–6.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Season summary, Georgia
The same week, the Tennessee Volunteers upset the high-scoring Florida Gators to give Georgia Tech the only claim to the southern championship. Georgia Tech's starting lineup was Jones (left end), Watkins (left tackle), Westbrook (left guard), Pund (center), Drennon (right guard), Thrash (right tackle), Waddey (right end), Durant (quarterback), Mizell (left halfback), Thomason (right halfback), and Lumpkin (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, California
Under the Dickinson System, USC was recognized as #1 but the 1929 Rose Bowl was contested between the #2 and #3 teams, California and Georgia Tech. The game was decided by a safety scored after California center Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels ran 65 yards (59 m) in the wrong direction, having picked up a fumble by Stumpy Thomason.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, California
Thirty yards (27 m) from Tech's end zone, Riegels was turned around and ran many yards in the wrong direction. Riegels told the Associated Press, "I was running toward the sidelines when I picked up the ball ... I started to turn to my left toward Tech's goal. Somebody shoved me and I bounded right off into a tackler. In pivoting to get away from him, I completely lost my bearings." Teammate and quarterback Benny Lom chased Riegels, screaming at him to stop.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, California
Known for his speed, Lom finally caught up with Riegels at California's 3-yard (2.7 m) line and tried to turn him around, but he was immediately rushed by a wave of Georgia Tech players, and tackled by Frank Waddey and Vance Maree at the 1-yard (0.91 m) line. The Bears chose to punt rather than risk a play so close to their own end zone, but Maree blocked Lom's punt for a safety, giving Tech a 2–0 lead.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, California
During Roy's wrong-way run, coach Alexander told his excited players, who were jumping near the team's bench; "Sit down. Sit down. He's just running the wrong way. Every step he takes is to our advantage". Broadcaster Graham McNamee, who was commentating the game on radio, said during Riegels' run; "What am I seeing? What's wrong with me? Am I crazy? Am I crazy? Am I crazy?"


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, California
After the play, Riegels was so distraught he had to be persuaded to return to the game for the second half by his head coach Nibs Price. Riegels said, "Coach, I can't do it. I've ruined you, I've ruined myself, I've ruined the University of California. I couldn't face that crowd to save my life." Coach Price responded by saying "Roy, get up and go back out there—the game is only half over". Riegels did play on; he turned in a strong second-half performance, including blocking a Georgia Tech punt.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, California
Lom passed for a touchdown and kicked the extra point, but that was not enough. Georgia Tech won the game and its second national championship 8–7. Its starting lineup was Waddey (left end), Speer (left tackle), Drennon (left guard), Pund (center), Westbrook (right guard), Maree (right tackle), Jones (right end), Durant (quarterback), Thomason (left halfback), Mizell (right halfback), and Lumpkin (fullback).


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, Awards and honors, Individual
Several Georgia Tech players received post-season honors. Tackle Frank Speer was selected as a first-team All-American by the Associated Press. Center Peter Pund was recognized as a consensus All-American. Halfback Warner Mizell was a second-team All-American and first-team All-Southern. Ends Tom Jones and Frank Waddey, tackle Vance Maree, and guard Raleigh Drennon were also placed on All-Southern teams. Coach Alexander called Drennon "the best all around guard that ever put a cleat into Grant Field."


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Post-season, Awards and honors, National champions
Both USC and Georgia Tech claimed national championships for 1928. Georgia Tech was retroactively selected as the national champion by the Berryman QPRS system, Billingsley Report, Boand System, College Football Researchers Association, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, Poling System, and Jeff Sagarin's ELO-Chess methodology system, and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. In honor of the Rose Bowl victory,  Stumpy Thomason was given a bear cub by a local businessman. He grew attached to it, would drive it around town, and feed it Coca-Cola.


1928 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado football team, Personnel, Depth chart
The following chart depicts Tech's lineup during the 1928 season with games started at the position shown in parenthesis. The chart mimics the offense after the jump shift has taken place.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1928 Georgia gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1928, in order to elect the Governor of Georgia.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election
Incumbent Democratic Governor Lamartine Griffin Hardman was re-elected to a second term.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election
As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary
The Democratic primary election was held on September 12, 1928. As there were only two candidates, there was no run-off.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
From 1917 until 1962, the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Georgia used a voting system called the county unit system to determine victors in statewide primary elections.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
The system was ostensibly designed to function similarly to the Electoral College, but in practice the large ratio of unit votes for small, rural counties to unit votes for more populous urban areas provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
Under the county unit system, the 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories. The largest eight counties were classified as "Urban", the next-largest 30 counties were classified as "Town", and the remaining 121 counties were classified as "Rural". Urban counties were given 6 unit votes, Town counties were given 4 unit votes, and Rural counties were given 2 unit votes, for a total of 410 available unit votes. Each county's unit votes were awarded on a winner-take-all basis.


1928 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, County unit system
Candidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes (not necessarily a majority of the popular vote), or 206 total unit votes, to win the election. If no candidate received a majority in the initial primary, a runoff election was held between the top two candidates to determine a winner.


1928 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1928 German Ice Hockey Championship was the 12th season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. Berliner Schlittschuhclub won the championship by defeating SC Riessersee in the final.


1928 German federal election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 20 May 1928. The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 153 of the 491 seats. Voter turnout was 75.6%.


1928 German federal election
The only two parties to gain significantly were the SPD, which received almost a third of the vote, and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), which completed a thorough victory of the left wing. However, the SPD still failed to win a clear majority, resulting in another coalition government, led by Hermann Müller. Following his appointment as Chancellor, Müller, who had previously held the post for four months in 1920, created a grand coalition of members of the SPD, the German Democratic Party, the Centre Party and the German People's Party.


1928 German federal election
However, the coalition was plagued by internal divisions right from the beginning, with each party more concerned with their own interests than the interests of the government. As a result, Müller asked German President Paul von Hindenburg for emergency powers, but when Hindenburg refused, he resigned, marking the end of the "last genuinely democratic government of the Weimar Republic" on 27 March 1930.


1928 German federal election
The recently reformed Nazi Party contested the elections after the ban on the party had been lifted in 1925. However, the party received less than 3% of the vote and won only 12 seats in the Reichstag. Adolf Hitler, who had been incarcerated in Landsberg prison for his involvement in the Beer Hall Putsch until Christmas 1924, had concentrated on re-establishing himself as the leader of the Nazi Party after his release rather than on his party's electability.


1928 German football championship
The 1928 German football championship, the 21st edition of the competition, was won by Hamburger SV, defeating Hertha BSC, 5–2, in the final.


1928 German football championship
For Hamburger SV it was the second national championship after its first in 1923, not counting the 1922 title which the club declined. It brought to an end Hamburg's successful era during the 1920s with four appearances in the German final in seven seasons. Hamburger SV would not play in a final again until 1957 and win its next championship three years later, in 1960. For Hertha BSC it marked the third consecutive final loss, a series the club would extend to four in the following season. Hertha would then go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931.


1928 German football championship
Hertha's Hans Grenzel and Hamburg's Tull Harder were the joint top scorer of the 1928 championship with seven goals each.


1928 German football championship
Sixteen clubs qualified for the knock-out competition, two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West. In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified. In the West the third spot went to the third-placed team of the championship while, in the South, the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third-placed teams.


1928 Giro d'Italia
The 1928 Giro d'Italia was the 16th edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The race began on 12 May in Milan with a stage that stretched 233.1 km (145 mi) to Trento, finishing back in Milan on 3 June after a 251 km (156 mi) stage and a total distance covered of 3,044.6 km (1,892 mi). The race was won by Alfredo Binda of the Legnano team. Second and third respectively were the Italian riders Giuseppe Pancera and Bartolomeo Aymo.


1928 Giro d'Italia
It was the edition with the highest number of participants (298), with 126 riders completing the race.


1928 Giro d'Italia
Once again Binda dominated the Giro, also winning 6 stages. Five stages were won by Domenico Piemontesi, who still didn't succeed in challenging Binda for the lead in the general classification.


1928 Giro d'Italia
The eighth stage was won by Albino Binda (Alfredo's brother and team-mate). Alfredo himself later admitted that he advised his brother to escape from the group the moment he stopped to change a tire (common operation before the introduction of derailleur gears).


1928 Giro d'Italia, Participants
Of the 298 riders that began the Giro d'Italia on 12 May, 126 of them made it to the finish in Milan on 3 June. Riders were allowed to ride on their own or as a member of a team. There were seven teams that competed in the race: Alcyon-Hutchinson, Aliprandi-Pirelli, Atala-Pirelli, Bianchi-Pirelli, Diamant Continental, Touring Pirelli, and Wolsit Pirelli. In addition there were five groups that entered the race: Legione Ciclisti, U.S. Legnanese, Varese Sportiva, U.S. Viareggio, and U.S. Abbiatense.


1928 Giro d'Italia, Participants
The peloton was primarily composed of Italians. The field featured three former Giro d'Italia champions in three-time winner Giovanni Brunero, twice a winner and reigning champion Alfredo Binda, and single-time winner Giuseppe Enrici. Other notable Italian riders that started the race included Bartolomeo Aymo and Domenico Piemontesi.


1928 Giro d'Italia, Final standings, General classification
There were 126 cyclists who had completed all twelve stages. For these cyclists, the times they had needed in each stage was added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the winner. Alessandro Catalani won the prize for best ranked independent rider in the general classification.


1928 Giro di Lombardia
The 1928 Giro di Lombardia was the 24th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 3 November 1928. The race started and finished in Milan. The race was won by Gaetano Belloni.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election
The thirteenth election to Glamorgan County Council, south Wales, took place in March 1925. It was preceded by the 1925 election and followed by the 1931 election.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Overview of the Result
Labour was defending a secure majority in an election that was more bitterly fought than in previous year, in the wake of divisions persisting after the General Strike and lockout of 1926. Non -Labour candidates largely coalesced under an Independent banner but lost further ground as Labour won additional seats


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates
20 candidates  were returned unopposed, only five won whom were Labour.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Candidates
Following the death of Dr T.H. Morris (Rhondda) there were ten retiring aldermen, nine of whom sought re-election. The only exception was Thomas Luther Davies (Aberaman).


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Contested Elections
The pattern of contests was similar to 1925, although Labour did challenge some long-serving aldermen including W.R. Davies (first elected in 1898) at Cilfynydd and Enoch Davies in the Rhondda. In the Garw Valley ward, retiring alderman Rev. William Saunders was opposed by the sitting Independent councillor as was Alderman D.T. Williams in the Swansea Valley ward.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Outcome
Labour gained a number of seats, increasing their majority on the County Council.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Outcome
A notable result in the Dulais Valley was the defeat of coal owner Daniel Daniels, former chairman of the Council, by Labour candidate Gwilym Davies. Daniels had not been re-elected as an alderman three years previously and the result came after a series of disputes in the mining industry.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Outcome
In the Cilfynydd ward, Labour candidate Arthur Pearson defeated Alderman W.R. Davies, first elected to the council in 1898. Labour had won the seat in 1919 but in 1922 stood down to allow Davies to be returned unopposed. The decision to oppose him reflected the increasingly partisan politics of the mining valleys and Davies was narrowly defeated.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Outcome
A similar situation arose in Treherbert, a seat won for Labour by D.E. Williams in 1919. Williams stood down in favour of Alderman Enoch Davies in 1922 but having been returned unopposed in 1925 he stood against Davies and was returned by several hundred votes. Enoch Davies had served as a member of the Council since 1901, and was a prominent tradesman and nonconformist.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Outcome
Labour lost only two seats, at Penygraig in the Rhondda and also Pontardawe. The latter was significant as it was also represented by Alderman Dan Dai Davies, jailed for his role in the anthracite strike and disturbances of 1925. Labour consolidated their majorities in many others, including seats gained three years previously.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Cymmer
In 1922 David Watts-Morgan had stood down in favour of retiring Liberal alderman Morgan Williams but by 1928 Williams had retired from public life.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Neath (South)
Davies failed to hold Neath South having stood down in favour of Alderman Hopkin Morgan in neighbouring Neath North.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Ogmore Valley
Six years previously, the SWMF candidate had defeated a railwaymen's nominee but that result was now reversed.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Results, Treherbert
Enoch Davies was defeated after 27 years after the sitting Labour councillor did not withdraw in his favour


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen
In addition to the 66 councillors the council consisted of 22 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the 1928 election, there were eleven Aldermanic vacancies, all of which all of which were filled by Labour nominees despite the protestations of their opponents.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, Election of Aldermen
The following retiring aldermen were re-elected as members of the Council but were not re-elected as aldermen:


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Cymmer by-election
Following the election of David Watts-Morgan as alderman the by-election was won by the Independent candidate. Mrs Chalke was married to R.D. Chalke, headmaster of Porth Grammar School and the protective Liberal candidate for Rhondda East, then he was due to oppose Watts-Morgan.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Garw Valley by-election
Jonathan Maddocks, the sitting Independent councillor, had been defeated by Alderman William Saunders at the regular election, and was again defeated by a Labour candidate.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Newcastle by-election
Follwoing the appointment of E.H. Mole as alderman, the Rev. H.R. Jenkins, vicar of Penyfai, was elected as to represent this ward.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Swansea Valley by-election
Following the re-election of D.T. Williams as alderman, Richard Thomas, who had held the seat since 1922 but failed to hold on against Williams, regained the seat as an Independent.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Treorchy by-election
Following the election of Rhys Evans as alderman, David Hughes, checkweigher at Abergorki Colliery was elected as his successor.


1928 Glamorgan County Council election, By-elections, Ystalyfera by-election
Following the election of J.D. Brazell as alderman, Daniel T. Jones of Cwmllynfell, who had held the seat from 1919 until 1922 was elected as his successor.


1928 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
The 1928 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Gonzaga University during the 1928 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Maurice J. "Clipper" Smith, the Bulldogs compiled a 6–2–1 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 121 to 41.


1928 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
In May 1929, Coach Smith left Gonzaga to become head coach at Santa Clara. In four years as head coach at Gonzaga, Smith compiled a 23–9–5 record.


1928 Grand National
The 1928 Grand National was the 87th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 30 March 1928.


1928 Grand National
Before the race, Tipperary Tim's amateur jockey, William Dutton, heard a friend call out to him: "Billy boy, you'll only win if all the others fall!" And they did, as all of the 41 other starters fell during the race.


1928 Grand National
The 1928 National was run during misty weather conditions with the going very heavy. As the field approached the Canal Turn on the first circuit, Easter Hero fell, causing a pile-up from which only seven horses emerged with seated jockeys. By the penultimate fence this number had reduced to three, with Great Span leading ahead of Billy Barton and Tipperary Tim. Great Span's saddle then slipped, leaving Billy Barton in the lead until he too fell. Although Billy Barton's jockey Tommy Cullinan managed to remount and complete the race, it was Tipperary Tim who came in first at outside odds of 100/1. The 10-year-old was trained by Joseph Dodd for its owner, Harold Kenyon.


1928 Grand National
With only two riders completing the course, 1928 set the record for the fewest finishers in a Grand National.


1928 Grand Prix season
The 1928 Grand Prix season saw the Monegasque driver Louis Chiron, and his Bugatti, take seven Grand Prix victories.


1928 Grand Prix season
For 1928, the AIACR abandoned its 1.5-litre formula. Manufacturer interest was low, not helped by the increasing economic downturn. Instead cars would have to be between 550 and 750 kg to an open engine-formula. Originally, the World Manufacturers' Championship was planned on seven national races but as the year went on, five were cancelled and only the Indianapolis 500 and Italian Grand Prix were held. Falling under the mandatory races, the whole championship was cancelled. With the epic win for Bentley in the 1927 Le Mans and the success of the inaugural Mille Miglia road-race grabbing the public's attention, more races turned to sports- and touring-car racing.


1928 Grand Prix season
The season is remembered primarily for a horrific accident at the Italian Grand Prix. The Talbot of Emilio Materassi swerved off the road at 200 km/h, rolled a number of times and crashed into the crowd, killing Materassi and 22 other people. The accident was the greatest single loss of life in motor-racing history to that time, and still the second worst to date, after the 1955 Le Mans disaster.


1928 Grand Prix season
With the open formula, the Bugatti Type 35, and its variants was the dominant car. Talbot, Maserati and Alfa Romeo all had some success, but it was Bugattis that filled the entry-lists across Europe. Albert Divo won the Targa Florio for Bugatti's fourth successive year, after a spirited and well-prepared challenge from female Czech driver Eliška Junková. A month earlier, top Italian driver Pietro Bordino was killed in practice for the Alessandria Circuit. The rounds of the Italian Drivers Championship attracted many of the best drivers. A close contest developed between Chiron and Nuvolari (both Bugatti), Materassi (Talbot) and Campari (Alfa Romeo), with Campari taking the title. In the United States, the Indianapolis 500 was won by rookie Louis Meyer in a Miller. He went on to be crowned the season's AAA Champion.


1928 Grand Prix season, Grandes Épreuves
A pink background indicates the race was run for Sports Cars or Touring Cars this year. Sources:


1928 Grand Prix season, Teams and drivers
These tables only intend to cover entries in the major races, as keyed above. Sources:


1928 Grand Prix season, Teams and drivers, Significant Privateer drivers
Note: * raced in event as a relief driver. Those in brackets show, although entered, the driver did not raceNote: † driver killed during this racing season


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
With poor fields and declining interest in Grand Prix racing, the AIACR had declared at the start of the 1927 season that it would be the last for the 1.5-litre formula. Manufacturer participation was negligible, and not helped by the increasing economic downturn. Its new formula was based on weight and fuel consumption: cars had to be a minimum 500 kg to a maximum of 750 kg, while Grands Prix were stipulated to be at least 600 km long.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
Once again, a minimum three races had to be competed in to qualify for the championship, including the compulsory European Grand Prix, this year awarded to Great Britain. It was also declared that the European Grand Prix would be open to manufacturer-approved private entries and not just works teams. This apparently did not extend to the other races, although this is unclear.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
At the end of 1927, a full seven national Grands Prix were scheduled, starting with the Indianapolis 500. Yet, as early as December 1927, the French organising body said it would not run a Grand prix and instead hold a sports-car race. The German federation announced a similar plan in February, while the British were looking at holding their race on the Isle of Man or Ireland. In March, it too was cancelled and the Italian federation was instead awarded the European GP. After the race at Indianapolis was held, both the Spanish and Belgian authorities cancelled their races, so with just the two rounds left the AIACR was forced to concede and declare the 1928 championship null and void.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
However, with no formal international championship, virtually all organisers completely ignored the new regulations and chose to run to a Formula Libre, or open formula with no engine, weight, fuel or distance limitations. This lack of formal regulations opened the door to privateer drivers to bring their older vehicles back to race. This also left the Targa Florio as the blue riband event for the European racers.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
The Targa Florio organisers extended the classes back out to five to cover the larger cars – up to 1.1-litre, to 1.5-litre, to 2-litre, to 3-litre and over 3-litre. As in the previous year, the 1100cc cars only ran three laps, while the rest did five laps. Two occupants were required for all cars, unless the driver carried a 70 kg ballast instead. The maximum time allowed for the five laps was 8½ hours. The Coppa Florio, in its alternate year with France, was again put up for competition and being run to the same distance as the Targa, was an additional trophy for the overall winner.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
In November 1927, former race-winner and decorated war-hero Eddie Rickenbacker bought the Indianapolis Motor Speedway from Carl Fisher and Jim Allison for $700 000. Meanwhile, the AAA stuck with the 1.5-litre formula which was providing successful racing in America.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical, Technical Innovation
With both Delage and Talbot now out of motor-racing, the only works teams left in regular grand-prix racing were Bugatti and Maserati. The deteriorating economic situation meant companies saw racing as a luxury they could not afford, to concentrate on standard road-car manufacture to make money. This all contributed to stifle technical advancement and development, and privateer drivers instead kept racing their older cars instead of pushing companies to develop better machines.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical, Technical Innovation
Ettore Bugatti chose not to bring out any new variants of the eponymous Type 35 chassis. The Maserati Brothers did develop their original Tipo 26 with the 26R with a slightly larger 1.7-litre engine. The troubles at Alfa Romeo continued: Giuseppe Merosi and Giorgio Rimini resigned from the technical board at the start of the year. Then in May, Nicola Romeo was ousted from the board of directors.


1928 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical, Technical Innovation
On 22 April, American Ray Keech raised the Land speed record to 207.6 mph with an 81-litre monster at the Daytona Beach Road Course. Three days later, 1926 Indianapolis winner Frank Lockhart was attempting to best him at the same venue. He had already been injured in an earlier attempt in February, and broke 220 mph on his first run. However, on the return run he crashed when a tyre blew and was killed instantly. In March, Kurt C. Volkhart demonstrated Fritz von Opel's RAK-1, the first rocket-powered automobile. In May, Opel did speed trials with the RAK-2 on the AVUS track in Berlin. He reached 230 km/h (140 mph) and got from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 8 seconds.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review
The season opened with a second running of the Mille Miglia. Bugatti sent a strong works team of Pietro Bordino, Tazio Nuvolari and Gastone Brilli-Peri. To take them on, the Alfa Corse fielded six of their 6C sports cars, including the brand new, supercharged MMS version given to Giuseppe Campari. Although the Bugattis initially led, Campari came through to win by 8 minutes from the OM of race-organiser Franco Mazzotti. OM repeated its success of the previous year: as well as second overall, it cleaned up the first eight places in the 2-litre class.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review
In the first week of April, several towns of the French Riviera hosted a series of street races, culminating in the Grand Prix d'Antibes on Easter Monday. The race carried a lavish 150 000 francs in prize money and was won by Louis Chiron who had lapped the field twice. It was to presage another great street race on the Riviera – the Monaco Grand Prix.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review
The Circuito di Alessandria was the third round of the Italian Championship. It was to be a contest between the privateer teams of Tazio Nuvolari and Emilio Materassi. Although Nuvolari won the race after a close duel with his teammate Achille Varzi, the race was overshadowed by the death of Italian racing hero Pietro Bordino. While practicing his brand new Bugatti the weekend before, he hit a dog that ran into the road. The car then tumbled down a ravine, killing Bordino and leaving his mechanic in a coma.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review
With diminishing international racing, the Targa Florio took on greater significance, and hence attracted a good amount of works interest. Bugatti arrived with five cars for team regulars Ferdinando Minoia, Caberto Conelli and Louis Chiron, as well as Albert Divo (formerly of Talbot and Delage, replacing Bordino) and Gastone Brilli-Peri. Maserati also arrived with purpose. After his serious accident the year before, Alfieri Maserati stayed solely as team manager, while his brother Ernesto joined Baconin Borzacchini and Diego de Sterlich driving the 2-litre 26B, while Luigi Fagioli ran the 1.5-litre Tipo 26.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review
The works Alfa Romeo team, Alfa Corse, returned after a 4-year absence with two new 6C sports cars for Campari and Attilio Marinoni. Campari was given the brand new Super Sport version to race. Bugattis again dominated the field with half the entries. The 1927 winner, Emilio Materassi, was one of the dozen privateer drivers. Others included Tazio Nuvolari, René Dreyfus and the popular female Czech driver Eliška Junková. Junková had arrived a month early with her husband and, with a car and guide provided by Vincenzo Florio, set about meticulously mapping the route in what was one of the earliest examples of race-notes, by marking trees and posts with braking points and landmarks.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review
Chiron put in the fastest time to lead at the end of the first lap on elapsed time, with barely thirty seconds back to Campari, Divo and Junková. But when Chiron went off the road, and Divo had to pit, Junková found herself in the lead, racing right behind Divo, who had originally started two minutes earlier. Her meticulous preparation was paying off and despite Campari leading at the end of the third, a puncture dropped him back again and she led going into the fifth and final lap. From the staggered start, Campari was the first to finish.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review
Conelli brought in his works Bugatti soon after, barely 20 seconds slower, and then Divo stormed in to take the lead by 90 seconds. Unfortunately for Junková, she suffered a puncture, losing two minutes, and then engine overheating forced her to ease off to save the car. She eventually finished fifth behind Chiron, nine minutes behind Divo who gave Bugatti their fourth consecutive victory in the Targa.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
The entry list for the Indianapolis 500 was once again dominated by Millers. Duesenberg had scaled back its participation, while Earl Cooper and Tommy Milton ran cars based around the Miller engines. The front-wheel drive Millers once again proved extremely fast, taking four of the top-six positions on the grid. They were led by George Stewart (who raced under the pseudonym “Leon Duray”) who established a new qualifying record. There were several major accidents in practice: Peter DePaolo rolled his Miller FD suffering mild injuries.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
His car would subsequently be repaired and Wilbur Shaw qualified it at the back of the grid. On a wet race-day morning L.L. Corum and Dutch Bauman both crashed their cars in warm-up and had to be scratched. This all meant that George Souders, a rookie the year before, was the only previous race-winner among the starters.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
By the time of the start, the track had dried and the sun was out. Duray bolted into the lead setting a record pace for the first quarter of the race. On lap 35 Benny Shoaff hit oil entering Turn 1 and spun into the wall. He ended up facing toward the traffic but only suffered a bloody nose. Then after 62 laps, Duray's car starting overheating and he slowed, eventually retiring at two-thirds distance. Babe Stapp and Souders then swapped the lead with rookies Jimmy Gleason and Louis Meyer close behind.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
Gleason's greater speed got him into the lead which he held for the next 100 miles. He then pitted and was relieved by Russ Snowberger who had earlier been the first retiree. Going into the last quarter of the race, the race was between Tony Gulotta in the lead, Gleason (back in his car), and Louis Schneider now relieving for Lou Moore. At lap 160, light rain started falling, with the drivers put under caution for two laps until the shower moved away.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
The only driver caught out was Earl Devore, who slid and crashed at Turn 1 on lap 161. With twenty laps to go, Gulotta slowed and had to pit because of dropping fuel pressure. On lap 195, Gleason pitted to top up water but his mechanic missed the radiator when pouring and cracked the engine. This left Meyer to take the victory by just under a lap from the Moore/Schneider Miller with Souders four minutes back in third. Ray Keech, despite bad burns on his legs from leaking fuel, came in fourth. Meyer had driven as a relief driver for Wilbur Shaw in 1927 but was technically another rookie winner. He went on to be crowned the 1928 AAA champion.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
Maserati finally broke the string of nine Bugatti victories in Europe at the Coppa Etna in Sicily, when Borzacchini won for the Italian team. In fact, Maserati took three of the top four places, in front of 40000 spectators. But the triumph was marred by a bad accident, when the local Catanian driver Russo crashed into spectators. A teenager was killed and seven seriously injured, including Russo and his mechanic. Racing was also developing in North Africa and the European colonies.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
Both the Casablanca GP (for touring cars) and Tripoli GP were well-established now, but new races were also held this year in Algiers and Tunis. Both were won by Marcel Lehoux in his Bugatti 35C. Lehoux was a Frenchman who ran a successful automotive parts company in Algiers, and was the best of the North African drivers in the 1920s. In the southern hemisphere, the 100-Mile Road Race was held on 6.5 -mile dirt track at Phillip Island in Victoria in April. It would later be known as the first Australian Grand Prix with prize-money of £30. It was won by Arthur Waite, who had worked for Austin in England before becoming the Austin agent in Melbourne.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
The Royal Rome GP was raced on a new 13 km road circuit on the southern outskirts of the city. A round of the Italian Championship, it attracted many of the top drivers. Nuvolari, Chiron, Brilli Peri, Minoia and Foresti represented Bugatti, in various guises. Maserati had six cars, including a works entry for Ernesto Maserati while Borzacchini drove as relief for Cesare Pastore with his new car. Materassi had Talbots for himself and Giuseppe Morandi, while Varzi and Aymini ran 1925 Delages.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
Finally, Amilcar arrived with a 3-car works team to contest the 1.1-litre voiturette class and 23 cars took the grid. Brilli Peri took the lead from the start and he, Chiron and Nuvolari broke away from the rest. They duelled for the first half of the race with Chiron on getting into the lead on the 13th lap. After the half-time pitstops, Chiron held a 1-minute lead over Brilli-Per, with Materassi and Minoia over six minutes behind.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
The rest of the race was fairly pedestrian, and after 30 laps Chiron won by four minutes from Brilli Peri, then Materassi and Minoia. Luigi Fagioli was the best-finishing Maserati, in fifth. A fortnight later, at the extremely fast Cremona track, Materassi's newest team-mate Luigi Arcangeli won an exciting victory for the Talbot team, by narrowly beating Nuvolari in a race of attrition where only four of the nineteen starters finished.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
Eight days after the 24 Hours of Le Mans touring-car endurance race, Ettore Bugatti hosted his first Grand Prix Bugatti at Le Sarthe circuit. Exclusively for privateer Bugatti owners, it was run over two handicap elimination races and a 16-lap final. Prizes were three new Bugatti cars, including the first prize of a supercharged 2-litre grand-prix car (valued at FF165000). It attracted 29 drivers, including Dudley Benjafield, Louis Rigal, Louis Charavel and Goffredo Zehender who had just raced there the week beforehand. The race was won by the wealthy liqueur magnate André Dubonnet.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
The formerly pre-eminent French GP was a shadow of its past. The Comminges GP was designated the national race, and run as a handicap event for sports cars. Williams won the race in a road-adapted Bugatti 35C ahead of a field of 1100cc cars. The German GP was also a sports car race, and run on the full Nürburgring track. Won by Rudolf Caracciola and Christian Werner in their big 7-litre Mercedes-Benz SS, the race was notable for the death of Čenĕk Junek. Distraught at the death of her husband, Eliška immediately retired from racing.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
The San Sebastián Grand Prix was a Bugatti-only affair, as the entry by Caracciola's Mercedes did not eventuate. Although there were only nine starters, it was a high-quality field. Divo led initially until his brakes gave out. Zehender, Lehoux and Robert Benoist then all had a turn at leading until Chiron was once again able to get to the front and claim the victory. Chiron also won the Spanish Grand Prix four days later, which was held as a series of handicap elimination heats for sports cars, before a final race.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, Mid-season races
The next two rounds of the Italian Championship were the Coppa Acerbo and Coppa Montenero. Campari easily won in his four-year old Alfa on the long straights at Pescara, while Materassi got his revenge at the twisty circuit of the lucrative Livorno race.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
The last major race of the year was the only international Grand Prix. The AIACR declared that their races were no longer exclusive to manufacturer teams. Instead, privateer drivers would be allowed to enter if they got the permission of their car's manufacturer. Without the restrictions of a set formula, the Italian Grand Prix finally drew a sizeable field. Maserati was the only company to send a works team, with two new 1.7-litre Tipo 26R for Baconin Borzacchini and Conte Aymo Maggi, and an older 2-litre 26B for Ernesto Maserati.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
Bartolomeo Costantini, works team manager for Bugatti, was present to support the privateers. The strongest Bugatti drivers were Louis Chiron, Tazio Nuvolari and “Williams”. Emilio Materassi had bought the cars from the defunct Talbot works team, setting up one of the first private racing teams in Europe – the Scuderia Materassi (being the first use of the term Scuderia for a motor-racing team). His drivers with him, were Conte Gastone Brilli-Peri, Luigi Arcangeli and Gianfranco Comotti. Conte Giulio Aymini had been running a team with 2-litre Delages, but only his own car was entered for this race.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
Young motorcycle champion, Achille Varzi, a sometime driver for both Aymini and Nuvolari was this time entered to drive Giuseppe Campari's Alfa Romeo P2. On a sunny day, a huge crowd gathered for the race. The start line had been moved to the back straight of the road course and 22 cars lined up on the grid, drawn by lot. At the end of the first lap, Williams had a small lead from Nuvolari and Borzacchini, then the Talbots of Materassi and Brilli-Peri. Williams had built a 20-second lead by the 5th lap when he slowed with a blown engine.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
Materassi had a misfiring engine and also had to pit to change two tyres, dropping down to ninth. Nuvolari took over the lead, pursued by Varzi who had moved up the field. After 100 km (10 laps), the leading group was Brilli Peri, Nuvolari, Varzi and Chiron covered by only ten seconds and changing positions regularly. Arcangeli then put in the fastest lap of the race to join the group.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
It was on the 18th lap that the terrible accident happened. Materassi was fifth, a minute behind the leading pack and pushing hard to make up time. He was coming off the banking to start a new lap and travelling at 200 km/h. He had closed up behind Foresti's Bugatti to lap him when the Talbot suddenly veered off to the right, then left. It shot across the grass verge, a barbed-wire security fence and then over the 3-metre ditch into the crowd for 50 metres before tumbling back into the ditch. Materassi was thrown clear and died on impact. Twenty-two spectators were killed and another 36 injured. The senior officials immediately met and decided to keep the race running to avoid starting panic. The other four Talbots were withdrawn in respect for their team-leader.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
While the rescue operation proceeded, Chiron and Varzi fought for the lead, with Nuvolari a minute behind and Borzacchini's Maserati in fourth over two minutes further back, about to be lapped. Then on lap 26 another spectacular accident occurred, happening very near the previous one. Borzacchini came off the road course at speed to go onto the banked oval. He hit a retired Bugatti parked between the two parallel tracks, tearing off the Maserati's wheel and skating along the pit-straight for 200 metres before coming to rest.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
Fortunately, this time it had not burst through the fence and Borzacchini got out shaken, but uninjured. By two-thirds distance, Varzi had been relieved by Campari at his regular fuel-stop. The leading two had built a two-lap lead over the rest of the field. The Bugattis of Nuvolari and Drouet scrapped for third with Maggi's Maserati (now driven by Borzacchini) five laps in arrears. The positions stayed like this for the rest of the race, with Chiron, and Bugatti, winning by two minutes from the Alfa Romeo with Nuvolari a distant fourteen minutes back in third.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
This event highlighted the need for better safety measures at the Italian circuit. Examination of the cars found no evidence of them hitting each other and it was ruled that Materassi's steering manoeuvre to overtake was too strong and caused the car to lose adhesion. For the following two seasons the Italian Grand Prix was not held, while the Monza circuit underwent a complete upgrade. A subsequent official court decision in 1931 found the race organisers and Automobile Club of Italy had not taken sufficient precautions for crowd safety and were ordered to pay reparations to the families of the victims.


1928 Grand Prix season, Season review, The European Grand Prix
Louis Chiron was the dominant driver of the season, winning major races for Bugatti in France, Italy and Spain. Bugatti dominated the podiums through the year, and before his fatal accident, Materassi's Talbot team had won most of the others. Materassi himself had ended the Italian season with the highest earnings (185000 lire) ahead of Nuvolari's (178000 lire). Consistency gave Giuseppe Campari the Italian Driver's Championship. Despite the lack of technical development, the opening up of racing to privateers gave bigger grids and close racing, and had proven popular with spectators.


1928 Grand Prix season, Results of the season's major races
italics show the driver of the race's fastest lap. Only those drivers with a best finish of 6th or better are shown. Sources:


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition
1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, also known as the Yonge Expedition or the Low Isles Expedition was a thirteen-month scientific program beginning in 1928, which was promoted to study the Australian Great Barrier Reef.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Origins
The Great Barrier Reef Expedition was a scientific study suggested by Sir Matthew Nathan and Professor Henry Richards who led the Australian Great Barrier Reef Committee from its establishment in 1922. With support from the British Barrier Reef Committee and the Association for the Advancement of Science in England, there was considerable interest in conducting zoological studies of Australia's Great Barrier Reef, to investigate theories put forward by Charles Darwin and others. It was also planned to determine the economic importance of the reef's marine life. This largely British expedition of scientists sought financial support from the Australian government, universities and the public to fund the expedition and study biological and geological life in a number of sections of the Reef.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Personnel
C. Maurice Yonge, a marine invertebrate researcher, was encouraged to join a proposed expedition to Australia's Great Barrier Reef in 1927. He was eventually appointed its leader.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Personnel
Twelve scientists including Yonge, his wife Dr Mattie Yonge who would act as medical officer, as well as Frederick Russell, a naturalist with the Marine Biological Association in Plymouth and his wife Gweneth, Dr Andrew Orr and Dr Sheina Marshall, naturalists at Millport Marine Laboratory, Dr Thomas Stephenson, lecturer in zoology at University of London and his wife Anne, Geoffrey Tandy a botanist with the Natural History Museum who would collect marine plants and animals joined the expedition.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Personnel
Others included James Steers, lecturer in geomorphology who acted as the expedition's surveyor. He was assisted by Michael Spender and E.C. Marchant. G.W. Otter and Aubrey Nicholls would be assistants, and Frank Moorhouse of the University of Queensland would provide local marine biology knowledge. They arrived at the two islands of Low Isles on 16 July 1928 and encamped there for thirteen months. Sidnie Manton and Elizabeth Fraser would join the expedition for four months and work with the shore party. The expedition was unique in its inclusion of female researchers.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Personnel
The Australian Museum also sent five people to help with the research throughout the year – Tom Iredale, Gilbert Whitley, William Boardman, Arthur Livingstone and Frank McNeill. Indigenous workers were hired from the nearby Anglican mission at Yarrabah to work on Low Isles in support of the team. They included Andy and Grace Dabah who worked as handyman and cook and were later replaced by Claude and Minnie Connolly. The children of the Dabah and Connolly families also lived with their parents during the time they supported the expedition. Harry Mossman and Paul Sexton from Yarrabah were hired as crew on the research vessel Luana. The Luana was used to carry out scientific studies on and in the water as well as carry provisions to and from the mainland.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Personnel
The expedition was divided into four parts. Researchers investigated ocean conditions, taking hydrographic measurements, recording meteorological and tidal data and monitored plankton. They observed the growth rate of the corals and the marine life around it. They collected specimens including plankton as well as conducting dredging and trawling around the reef. Trochus shell was collected and studied and at the time a trochus farming industry was proposed. Black-Lip pearl oysters, Beche De Mer and rock and mangrove oysters, as well as the fish populations of the surrounding areas were assessed for potential economic development. Other studies considered a sardine fishing industry for the region and the turtle industry of Heron Island, near Gladstone. Boring of the reef had been undertaken around Michaelmas Cay in 1926 to determine the age and thickness of the reef, which helped the geological research.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Outcomes of the expedition
The scientific discoveries of the expedition were well reported in the press during 1928–1929. One of the first visitors to Low Isles during the Expedition was journalist Charles Barrett whose newspaper articles were later published as a book. The expedition itself published seven volumes of scientific material in addition to articles in scholarly journals. Maurice Yonge also published a book aimed at a general audience – A year on the Great Barrier Reef (1930).


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Outcomes of the expedition
In part due to the extensive newspaper coverage, tourists sought out the islands following the expedition to collect shells and corals. This collecting for scientific and private collections was so extreme that the island was ‘virtually swept clean’.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Outcomes of the expedition
Yonge and his team's research pioneered studies into coral physiology and their research persists in being vital reference material to current study.


1928 Great Barrier Reef expedition, Subsequent expeditions
In 1968 a Belgian expedition to the reef was undertaken. In 1973, a Royal Society and Universities of Queensland Expedition was undertaken to the northern part of the reef.


1928 Greek legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 19 August 1928. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 178 of the 250 seats.


1928 Greek legislative election, Background
The Venizelists entered the elections as a coalition of five "parties of the liberals" under the leadership of Eleftherios Venizelos. These parties were the Democratic Union (later the Agricultural and Labour Party) under the leadership of Alexandros Papanastasiou, the National Democratic Party led by Georgios Kondylis, the Conservative Democratic Party under Andreas Michalakopoulos and the Progressive Union under the leadership of Konstantinos Zavitsanos. Because he wanted to follow an independent line from Venizelos, Georgios Kafantaris together with some personal friends and various dissatisfied liberals founded the Progressive Party.


1928 Greek legislative election, Background
The anti-Venizelist movement went into the elections divided as the People's Party, the Freethinkers' Party and a few independent royalists who put themselves up for election. The former dictator, Theodoros Pangalos, stood for election in Athens as chief of the National Union. In addition there were a large number of unaligned and independent candidates. Finally, the Communist Party of Greece entered the elections as the United Front.


1928 Green Bay Packers season
The 1928 Green Bay Packers season was their tenth season overall and their eighth season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 6–4–3 record under player/coach Curly Lambeau earning them a fourth-place finish.


1928 Green Bay Packers season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1928 Grenadian general election
General elections were held in Grenada on 11 April 1928.


1928 Grenadian general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Council consisted of 16 members; the Governor (who served as president of the council), seven 'official' members (civil servants), three appointed members and five elected members. Voting was restricted to men aged 21 or over and women aged 30 or over who had resided in Grenada for at least two years and either had an income of at least £30 per year, owned property valued at £150 or more, or rented property for at least £12 per annum. Candidacy was restricted to qualified male voters with a minimum annual income of £200 and who either had lived in their constituency for at least a year, or owned property in the constituency worth at least £500.


1928 Grenadian general election, Electoral system
Only 2,088 people were eligible to vote, down from 2,159 in the 1925 elections.


1928 Grenadian general election, Results
Two constituencies – St David's – South St George's and St George's, had only one candidate, who was elected unopposed.


1928 Haiti hurricane
The 1928 Haiti hurricane was considered the worst tropical cyclone in Haiti since the 1886 Indianola hurricane. The second tropical cyclone and second hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a tropical wave near Tobago on August 7. Steadily intensifying as it moved northwestward, the system passed through the southern Windward Islands. Upon entering the Caribbean Sea early on August 8, the tropical depression strengthened into a tropical storm. On August 9, the storm strengthened to the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane. The next day, the hurricane peaked with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h).


1928 Haiti hurricane
After striking the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti, the cyclone began weakening and fell to tropical storm intensity on August 12. By midday on the following day, the storm made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba. Upon emerging into the Straits of Florida, the storm began to re-strengthen. Early on August 13, it struck Big Pine Key, Florida, as a strong tropical storm. Weakening slowly while moving north-northwestward, the system made another landfall near St. George Island. After moving inland, the tropical storm slowly deteriorated and dissipated over West Virginia on August 17.


1928 Haiti hurricane
In Haiti, the storm completely wiped out livestock and many crops, particularly coffee, cocoa, and sugar. Several villages were also destroyed, rendering approximately 10,000 people homeless. Damage reached $1 million and there were at least 200 deaths. The only impact in Cuba was downed banana trees. In Florida, the storm left minor wind damage along the coast. A Seaboard Air Line Railroad station was destroyed in Boca Grande, while signs, trees, and telephone poles were knocked down in Sarasota. Several streets in St. Petersburg were closed due to flooding or debris.


1928 Haiti hurricane
Between Cedar Key and the Florida Panhandle, several vessels capsized. Water washed up along the side of roads and in wooded areas. The storm contributed to flooding onset by the previous hurricane, with rainfall peaking at 13.5 in (340 mm) in Caesars Head, South Carolina. The worst impact from flooding occurred in North Carolina, where several houses were destroyed. Six people were killed in the state, of which four due to flooding. Property damage in the state totaled over $1 million. Overall, the storm caused at least $2 million in damage and 210 fatalities.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Meteorological history
A westward-moving tropical wave developed into a tropical depression while situated near Tobago on August 7. Initially, the storm was considered a "disturbance of slight to moderate intensity". Moving northwestward, the system passed through the Windward Islands just south of Carriacou and Petite Martinique. Upon entering the Caribbean Sea early on August 8, a ship reported winds of 46 mph (74 km/h). As a result, HURDAT indicts that the depression became a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Meteorological history
On August 9, the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, while located about 155 mi (250 km) south of San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic. At 12:00 UTC on August 10, the cyclone attained its peak intensity as strong Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 998 mbar (29.5 inHg). Early on August 9, the storm made landfall in the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti, based on "belated reports [indicating] that a very small but destructive disturbance passed over extreme southwest Haiti". The quickly re-emerged into the Caribbean Sea later that day.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Meteorological history
A small cyclone, the hurricane passed between Cuba and Jamaica and weakened to a tropical storm early on August 12. By midday, the storm made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba, with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Several telegraphic reports indicated that "the center [of the storm] was not definitely traceable for the next 24 to 36 hours", but other reports noted that the center passed over then-Oriente Province. Hours later, the system reached the Straits of Florida and immediately began to re-intensify.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Meteorological history
Early on August 13, it struck Big Pine Key, Florida, as a strong tropical storm with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Thereafter, the storm moved north-northwestward over the Gulf of Mexico. At 14:00 UTC on August 14, it made landfall near St. George Island, Florida, with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). After moving inland, the tropical storm slowly deteriorated, falling to tropical depression intensity over east-central Alabama on August 15. Thereafter, the depression moved north-northeastward and dissipated over West Virginia on August 17.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, Greater Antilles
As the storm approached Hispaniola, warnings were sent to vessels offshore Haiti and Jamaica. In Haiti, the storm brought torrential rainfall for over 20 hours. Many villages were completely destroyed, leaving over 10,000 people homeless. The city of Saint-Louis-du-Sud was almost completely wiped out, with only two buildings retaining their roofs. Additionally, approximately 80% of buildings in Grand-Boucan and Petit Trou were flattened. Overall, most municipalities were flooded with 8 to 20 ft (2.4 to 6.1 m) of water. At least 200 deaths were recorded, including 26 in Miragoâne and 12 at a single dwellings in Belle-Riviere.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, Greater Antilles
In the most devastated areas, flooding also killed all farm animals and entire coffee, cocoa, and sugar crops were wiped out. An estimated three to six months was required to regrow the lost agriculture. Along the coast, rough seas capsized or washed ashore many small crafts. The storm was described as the worst in Haiti since the 1886 Indianola hurricane. The storm destroyed most of the unpaved, vehicular trails in its path. Overall, the damage to roadways, communications, and public services was estimated at $1 million.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, Greater Antilles
After the storm, approximately 100,000 people were facing starvation. Then-Haitian president Louis Borno reported that the government had inefficient resources for recovery and asked citizens to assist with repairing infrastructure and providing food and shelter to others. The Government of Haiti, in turn, appropriated $200,000 for relief. Eleven storages with relief supplies were established throughout the country. The approximately 10,000 people left homeless were temporarily houses in larger, undamaged buildings. Within a few months after the storm, 299 homes were rebuilt or repaired, costing almost $37,000. The vehicular paths destroyed by the hurricane were eventually replaced by 10 ft (3.0 m)-wide paved gravel roads. In September, the American Red Cross donated $10,000 to the Haitian Red Cross.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, Greater Antilles
In Cuba, the storm brought gusty winds and excessive rainfall, but impact was primarily limited to fallen banana trees in an area then known as Oriente Province.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, United States
Hurricane warnings were hoisted in portions of the Florida Keys early on August 13. However, the highest observed wind speed was only 36 mph (58 km/h). Between Cedar Key and the Florida Panhandle, some residents took refuge at churches and schools. In the mainland of Florida, winds resulted in generally minor damage along the west coast. In Boca Grande, a Seaboard Air Line Railroad station was destroyed. Plate glass was damaged and signs, trees, and telephone poles were knocked down in Sarasota.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, United States
Rough seas began smashing a revenue cutter service ship docked at the Coast Guard station in St. Petersburg against the wharves; bumpers were placed between the ship and pilings to further damage. Several streets were closed due to flooding or debris. One street closed after roof tiles started falling from a theater. At one intersection, several cars were stranded due to 3 ft (0.91 m) of water covering the road.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, United States
Although some coastal areas experienced rough seas, others reported their lowest tides in years, especially Pass-a-Grille and Tampa, with almost all of the water blown out of Boca Ciega Bay, which is located adjacent to the former. Several vessels, mostly small fishing crafts, capsized. Water washed up along the side of roads and in wooded areas, while many trees were toppled.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, United States
The storm also contributed to ongoing flooding in the Southeastern United States onset by the previous hurricane. In Georgia, hydroelectric dams in Quitman were overtopped by creeks and rivers. One highway was completely submerged and four bridges were swept away. A railroad passenger train was abandoned due to water rising above the tracks. The Ocmulgee River at Macon crested at 20.9 ft (6.4 m). Additionally, the Withlacoochee River was expect to reach its highest level in years. Overall, crops, highways, and railroads across the southern portion of the state were severely damaged. Milledgeville was left without water due to flooding.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, United States
The Oconee River was expected to reach 34 ft (10 m) in height at the city's river gauge. A bridge across the Oconee was swept away as was approximately 1,500 ft (460 m) of railroad tracks. About 200 families in Augusta evacuated due to the rising Savannah River. In South Carolina, rainfall peaked at 13.5 in (340 mm) in Caesars Head, which is the highest precipitation total associated with the storm. The city of Spartanburg prepared for its worst flood since 1916. Throughout Upstate South Carolina, highways, railroads, and crops were flooded. In Bath, a "freakish" tornado destroyed at least 50 homes and injured one person. Additionally, a wind storm in Newberry County severely damaged "scores" of dwellings. Two deaths occurred in South Carolina.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, United States
In North Carolina, rainfall caused the Catawba, French Broad, Swannanoa, and Yadkin rivers to overflow their banks. Many nearby homes and structures were swept away. Families along the South Pacolet River near Tryon were evacuated. Additionally, two shelters were set up in Asheville, one at a Salvation Army post and another at the municipal auditorium, where hundreds of cots were set-up. A mudslide near Asheville moved across a railroad track, blocking the route to locomotive traffic. Several feet of water covered highways near Marshall, leaving many roads impassable.


1928 Haiti hurricane, Impact, United States
Extensive crop losses also occurred in western North Carolina, with agricultural losses reaching $250,000 in Burke County alone. Six people were killed in the state, of which four due to flooding and two others from a tornado in Ashley Heights. Property damage totaled over $1 million. Rainfall from both the previous hurricane and this storm brought flooding to Virginia. Major flooding was reported along the Roanoke River from Brookneal to Roanoke. At the former, the river crested at 14 ft (4.3 m) above flood stage. In Altavista, crops were ruined and 11 buildings were flooded. Route 17 north of Fincastle was inundated, blocking traffic between Clifton Forge and Covington. Two deaths occurred in Virginia, one from drowning and another from fright while crossing the Roanoke River.


1928 Haitian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Haiti on 10 and 11 January 1928. Voters were asked to approve or reject thirteen amendments to the constitution. Each amendment was voted on separately, with all approved by at least 97% of voters.


1928 Halifax by-election
The Halifax by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election held on 13 July 1928 for the British House of Commons constituency of Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire.


1928 Halifax by-election
The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Member of Parliament (MP), John Henry Whitley, the Speaker of the House of Commons since 1921, had resigned his seat due to ill-health. He had been elected as a Liberal Party MP at the 1900 general election, and as speaker had been returned unopposed at the general elections in 1922, 1923 and 1924. The last time that there had been a contested election for the seat was at the 1918 general election, when Whitley had been opposed only by a Socialist Labour Party candidate.


1928 Halifax by-election
The result of the three-way contest was a victory for the Labour candidate, Arthur Longbottom, who won with a majority of 4,951 over the Liberal Harry Barnes, who had previously been MP for Newcastle upon Tyne East. Longbottom had previously been a councillor in Halifax and served as its mayor in 1923.


1928 Halifax by-election, Aftermath
At the following year's general election Longbottom held the seat with an increased majority of 7,063 votes. That contest also saw a new Conservative candidate, Gilbert Gledhill overtake the Liberals and move into second place. In 1931, Gledhill took the seat for the Conservatives, defeating Longbottom by over 20,000 votes.


1928 Hamburg state election
The 1928 Hamburg state election was held on 19 February 1928 to elect the 160 members of the Hamburg Parliament.


1928 Hamilton state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Hamilton on 5 October 1928 because of the death of David Murray (Labor).


1928 Hanley by-election
The Hanley by-election of 1928 was held on 23 April 1928. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Samuel Clowes. It was won by the Labour candidate Arthur Hollins.


1928 Hanley by-election, Candidates
The Liberal Party candidate was Walter Meakin, a 52-year-old Stafford man. Meakin was born in 1876 and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and the London School of Economics. He qualified as a Barrister-at-law but did not practise. From 1915-19 he served in France with the 5th North Staffordshire Regiment. He then served as a Justice of the Peace. Meakin had stood for parliament before, at five general elections:  December 1910 at West Staffordshire, 1918 at Stafford, 1922 at Birmingham King's Norton and 1923 and 1924 at Stone. In 1923, he had finished second, just 314 votes behind the Conservative. He had been re-selected to contest Stone for a third time at the next general election, but was drafted for the Hanley by-election.


1928 Hanley by-election, Aftermath
Following the by-election Walter Meakin returned to contest Stone at the 1929 and 1931 general elections, before contesting Loughborough at the 1935 general election, each time without success.


1928 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1928 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In its third season under head coach Arnold Horween, Harvard compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 125 to 29. Arthur E. French was the team captain. The team played its home games at Harvard Stadium in Boston.


1928 Haskell Indians football team
The 1928 Haskell Indians football team was an American football that represented the Haskell Institute (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) during the 1928 college football season. In its second and final year under head coach John Webster Thomas, the team compiled a 5–4 record.


1928 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1928 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 4th season in the Victorian Football League and 27th overall.


1928 Holborn by-election
The Holborn by-election of 1928 was held on 28 June 1928. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Remnant. It was won by the Conservative candidate Stuart Bevan.


1928 Holborn by-election, Candidates
Bevan was chosen as the Conservative candidate although his candidature was opposed by a section of the local party as he had no links to the area, and they threatened to run an Independent candidate against him. In the event they were unable to find a suitable candidate, and Bevan was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) For Holborn with a majority of 4,127. A general election was called in the following year, and the split of 1928 re-emerged: a large part of the local Conservative organisation supporting the candidature of a local county councillor. Bevan, however, held the seat with an increased majority of 5,563.


1928 Holborn by-election, Candidates
52 year-old local man Thomas Edward Morton stood as the Liberal candidate. He was educated at Harris Academy, Dundee and Glasgow University. During the war he served as a lieutenant in the RAF. He had a commercial career in London and Switzerland.


1928 Holborn by-election, Result
After winning the by-election, Bevan successfully defended the seat  at the following year's general election with an increased majority of 5,563 votes. He was again opposed by Morton for the Liberals, who again finished in third place behind a Labour candidate. In 1931, Bevan greatly increased his majority to over 13,000 votes.


1928 Holy Cross Crusaders football team
The 1928 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In its tenth season under head coach Cleo A. O'Donnell, the team compiled a 5–3–2 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.


1928 Honduran general election
General elections were held in Honduras on 28 October 1928. Vicente Mejía Colindres of the Liberal Party was re-elected as president, becoming the first incumbent to be re-elected in peaceful and contested elections.


1928 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1928 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1928 college football season. They competed as an independent. The 1928 season was their fourth season of existence and was the second consecutive year where they played only one other college team.


1928 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1928 Lumberjacks were led by second-year head coach Fred Telonicher. They played home games at Albee Stadium in Eureka, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of two wins and one loss (2–1). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 38–37 in the three games.


1928 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1928 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1928 college football season. The Vandals were led by third-year head coach Charles Erb and were in their seventh season in the Pacific Coast Conference. Home games were played on campus in Moscow at MacLean Field. Idaho compiled a 3–4–1 overall record and went 2–3 in conference games.


1928 Idaho Vandals football team
In their first year in the conference, UCLA traveled to Moscow in late October and fell, 20–6. It was UCLA's only loss in the seven-game series; the teams have not met since 1948. Idaho's only other win over a PCC team from the state of California came in 1947 at Stanford.


1928 Idaho Vandals football team
The week after the win over UCLA was the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, and the visiting Cougars inflicted a 26–0 homecoming shutout before 10,000; the teams had tied the previous season in Pullman. Prior to the start of the game, the new Memorial Gymnasium was presented to the university; the venue honors state residents who gave their lives in the service of their country in World War I.


1928 Idaho Vandals football team
Amid speculation about his future at Idaho, Erb resigned on December 22, four weeks after the season's completion. He was succeeded by Leo Calland, a USC assistant coach and former player for the Trojans.


1928 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1928 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1928. Incumbent Republican H. C. Baldridge defeated Democratic nominee C. Ben Ross with 57.82% of the vote.


1928 Ilford by-election
The Ilford by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Ilford, London on 23 February 1928.