1929 Cumaná earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake was associated with strike-slip faulting at a shallow depth; a common characteristic for earthquakes of this depth in the region of northern Venezuela. The El Pilar Fault, a right-lateral strike-slip fault extending 350 km from the Cariaco Basin to the Paria Peninsula. The earthquake in 1929 is thought to have ruptured approximately 30 to 40 km of the fault. The same fault segment is thought to have partially ruptured during the similar sized 1997 Cariaco earthquake.


1929 Cumaná earthquake, Tsunami
At the coast of Cumaná, in Puerto De Sucre, survivors witnessed the a drawback of the sea by as much as 200 meters. The tsunami reportedly swept away some homes located along the shore, killing some 40 individuals. The maximum tsunami height was measured at 3 meters.


1929 Cumaná earthquake, Impact
The earthquake razed to the ground more than 3,500 homes in Cumaná. The shaking which lasted 30 seconds, severely damaged a theater, which has now been converted to a cathedral. The Church of Santa Inés suffered partial destruction of its structure, as well as to the San Antonio de la Eminencia castle. A clock tower on the Church of Santa Inés stopped working at the time the earthquake struck. After the earthquake, new towers were built around the church during restoration works. The earthquake was also felt in Barcelona, Margarita, Güiria, Carúpano, Río Caribe, Caracas, and Irapa. No official figure for the death toll exists, although is has been estimated to be as much as 8% of the population of 20,000.


1929 Currie Cup
The 1929 Currie Cup was the 16th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.


1929 Currie Cup
The tournament was won by  Western Province for the 13th time.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 27 October 1929. The Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants, emerged as the largest party, winning 46 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 24 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 90.2% in the Chamber election and 78.8% for the Senate. The rightward shift of the 1925 elections was reversed, with moderate centre-left groups (Social Democrats and Czechoslovak National Socialists) increasing their vote shares whilst the Communist Party suffered a set-back.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Background
The 1929 election took place at a time of relative prosperity, just before the Great Depression.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Background
The Communist Party was the sole multinational political party in the country at the time. It had emerged as a major force in the 1925 election and had around 150,000 members in 1928. In 1929 leadership shifted to a younger generation and a major purge of party ranks took place.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Background
The Czechoslovak National Democrats contested the election in Slovakia together with the Slovak National Party led by Martin Rázus. Nevertheless, relations between Rázus and the leader of the National Democrats in Slovakia Milan Ivanka were strained, as the former was fiercely autonomist and the latter a strong supporter of Czechoslovak nationhood.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Background
In Slovakia, Hlinka's Slovak People's Party resigned from the coalition government on 8 October 1929. The move followed a long controversy around the legal case of the party newspaper editor Vojtech Tuka, who was sentenced for espionage and treason on 5 October 1929. The Tuka affair had resulted in an internal rift in the party, with the expelled anti-Tuka faction (led by Juriga and Tománek) setting up their own Juriga's Slovak People's Party.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results
Hlinka's Slovak People's Party saw a decline compared to the 1925 vote, being reduced from 23 seats to 19. One interpretation is that two years of government participation without achieving Slovak autonomy had weakened the party. Moreover, the party had an ambiguous stance during the Tuka affair. The Juriga faction failed to make any impact in the election.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results
The Czechoslovak Social Democrats won five seats from Slovakia, an increase by three seats compared to the 1925 election. The Communist Party on the other hand retreated from 5 seats in Slovakia, compared to 8 seats in 1925. Magyar and German parties won 9 seats from Slovakia.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results
The Czechoslovak National Socialists, which lacked widespread support in the area, managed to win two seat from Slovakia. This was the best result for the party in Slovakia during the years of the First Republic. Another Czech party trying to build a base in Slovakia was the Czechoslovak People's Party, which managed to get its local leader Martin Mičura elected.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results
The Jewish Party, which had failed to win representation in 1925, managed to win two seats through an alliance with three Polish parties. Its deputies were Ludvík Singer from Bohemia and Julius Reiz from Slovakia.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results
General Radola Gajda's list ('League against Bound Tickets'), which called for the formation of a corporativist state, failed to make a major headway but won three seats (Gajda, Jiří Stříbrný and Karel Pergler). Gajda's political line was fascist, anti-Semitic and anti-German.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
Josef Adámek (Czechoslovak People's Party) was elected from Pardubice electoral district.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
Amongst the deputies elected from the Česká Lípa 5th electoral district were Ernst Grünzner (DSAP), Irene Kirpal (DSAP), Josef Schweichhart (DSAP), Josef Kleibl (DNP) and Hans Krebs.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
Amongst the deputies elected from the Jihlava 10th electoral district were Johann Wagner (German Electoral Coalition), Erwin Zajicek (German Christian Social People's Party) and Viktor Stern (Communist Party).


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
The Nové Zámky senatorial district consisted of the Nové Zámky 16th electoral district and the Kosice 20th electoral district, two districts that together hosted around 96% of the Hungarian and 56% of the German population of Slovakia. The percentage achieved by the Communist Party in the Nové Zámky 16th electoral district was the highest in the country in the 1929 vote.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
Hlinka's Slovak People's Party fielded Vojtech Tuka in the Košice 20th electoral district, but he failed to win a seat. Fielding Tuka in a district where the party lacked strong support displayed the ambiguity the party had towards him during his treason trials.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
A bloc aligned with the Agrarians merged as the most voted list in the Užhorod electoral district, the sole electoral district in Subcarpathian Rus'. The bloc formed by the National Democrats, which includes the Autonomous Agrarian Union, the Russian National Union and the Carpatho-Russian Labour Party of Small Peasants and Landless, finished in second place.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
The Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party stood on a joint list with the Social Democratic Workers' Party in Subcarpathian Rus' in the constituency. The sole mandate won by this list went to Julius Husnaj of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Results, Chamber of Deputies, By electoral district
The Czechoslovak People's Party contested under the name 'Christian People's Party' in the Užhorod electoral district.


1929 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Aftermath
On 7 December 1929 František Udržal formed a coalition government of Czechoslovak Agrarians, Czechoslovak People's Party, Czechoslovak Social Democrats, Czechoslovak National Socialists, Czechoslovak National Democrats, Czechoslovak Traders' Party, German Agrarians and German Social Democrats. Whilst the cabinet was politically broadened after the 1929 elections, it lacked representation from Slovak populists, German Clericals or the Magyar parties.


1929 Danish Folketing election
Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 24 April 1929, except in the Faroe Islands where they were held on 29 May. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 61 of the 149 seats. Voter turnout was 79.7% in Denmark proper and 58.0% in the Faroes.


1929 Danish local elections
The Danish regional elections of 1929 were held in March 1929. 11329 municipal council members were elected.


1929 Dartmouth Indians football team
The 1929 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jackson Cannell, the Indians compiled a 7–2 record. Ellsworth Armstrong was the team captain.


1929 Dartmouth Indians football team
Al Marsters was the team's leading scorer, with 109 points, from 16 touchdowns and 13 kicked extra points.


1929 Dartmouth Indians football team
Dartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.


1929 Dayton Flyers football team
The 1929 Dayton Flyers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Dayton as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference during the 1929 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Harry Baujan, the team compiled a 4–5 record.


1929 Dayton Triangles season
The 1929 Dayton Triangles season was their tenth and final season in the league before the franchise was sold and moved to Brooklyn. The team did not improve on their previous output of 0–7, losing all six games they played bringing their losing streak up to 17 games. Hence, they were winless for two consecutive seasons. This feat would be duplicated by the 1943 and 1944 Chicago Cardinals; however, the NFL does not consider that to be the longest losing streak, as the Cardinals combined with the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1944 season.


1929 Dayton Triangles season
As a traveling team, they played all six games on the road, finishing twelfth in the league. The franchise was sold and relocated to Brooklyn after the season, losing its final seventeen games spanning three seasons. During this stretch, the team was outscored 301–22. With the team's ceasing operations in Dayton, the NFL lost is longest-lasting traveling team (1920–1929), and the final traveling team until the Dallas Texans in 1952, though the Texans themselves descended from the Triangles franchise through numerous transactions over the years.


1929 Dayton Triangles season
The Dayton Triangles were limited to only seven points throughout the entire season. This was the final team in NFL history to score under ten points in a season. This dubious feat had been accomplished nineteen times prior to this season's Dayton Triangle's performance. This was the Triangle's third time (1925, 1928, 1929) to record a single-digit season scoring output, tying the Louisville Brecks (1921, 1923, 1926) for this dubious record.


1929 Dayton Triangles season
They were coached by Faye Abbott, his second and final season of coaching. Abbott had previously played for the Triangles; between coaching and playing, he participated in 70 of the Triangles' 77 games as a franchise. The franchise was winless under Abbott's head coaching. With the franchise relocating, Abbott would be the Triangles' fourth and final head coach.


1929 Dayton Triangles season
Their lone touchdown and scoring play of the season was scored on a 30-yard fumble recovery by Left Guard Al Graham (followed by a Pat Duffy extra-point kick) against the Frankford Yellowjackets.


1929 Dayton Triangles season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1929 DePaul Blue Demons football team
The 1929 DePaul Blue Demons football team was an American football team that represented DePaul University as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled a 2–5 record and was outscored by a total of 124 to 114.


1929 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 1929 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team represented the University of Delaware in the 1929 NCAA football season. The Fightin' Blue Hens were led by first year head coach Gus Ziegler and played their home games at Frazer Field. They were classified as Independent since they did not have a conference affiliation. The 1929 season was the third winless season in school history after they finished the year 0–7–1.


1929 Delaware State Hornets football team
The 1929 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State University in the 1929 college football season as an independent. Delaware State had a 1–0 record, winning their only game 12–7 against Cheyney.


1929 Denver Pioneers football team
The 1929 Denver Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Denver in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1929 college football season. In its first season under head coach Jeff Cravath, the team compiled a 5–1–1 record (4–1–1 against RMC opponents), tied for second in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 92 to 33.


1929 Detroit City College Tartars football team
The 1929 Detroit City College Tartars football team represented Detroit City College (later renamed Wayne State University) in the Michigan Collegiate Conference during the 1929 college football season. In its first season under head coach Norman G. Wann, the team compiled a 2–7 record.


1929 Detroit Tigers season
The 1929 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the American League with a record of 70–84, 36 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics.


1929 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1929 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1929 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Detroit Titans football team
The 1929 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1929 college football season. Detroit outscored opponents by a combined total of 174 to 52 and finished with a 7–1–1 record in their fifth year under head coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee, Gus Dorais. Significant games included a victories over Tulsa (21–6), West Virginia (36–0), Michigan State (25–0), a loss to Oregon State (14–7), and a tie with Marquette (6–6).


1929 Detroit Titans football team
The team was led by halfback Lloyd Brazil of whom coach Dorais later said: "As far as I'm concerned, there were only three great collegiate backs in my lifetime -- Jim Thorpe, George Gipp and Lloyd Brazil."


1929 Detroit Titans football team
Arthur "Bud" Boeringer and Harvey Brown were the line coaches. Johnny Fredericks was the freshman coach. Michael H. "Dad" Butler was the team's trainer.


1929 Dissolution Honours
The 1929 Dissolution Honours List was issued on 28 June 1929 at the advice of the outgoing Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin.


1929 Dominican Republic Constitutional Assembly election
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 1 June 1929. The role of the Assembly was to review and amend certain articles of the constitution, which resulted in an amendment to repeal the ban on presidential re-elections. Voter turnout was low and in some places ballots were not even counted.


1929 Drake Bulldogs football team
The 1929 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1929 college football season. In its ninth season under head coach Ossie Solem, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record (3–0–1 against MVC opponents), won the MVC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 145 to 79.


1929 Drake Bulldogs football team
Key players included quarterback Lynn King and halfbacks Dick Nesbitt and Jack Barnes. Barnes was the team captain.


1929 Drexel Dragons football team
1929 Drexel Dragons football team represented Drexel Institute—now known as Drexel University—in the 1929 college football season. Led by Walter Halas in his third season as head coach, the team compiled a record of 6–3–1.


1929 Duke Blue Devils baseball team
The 1929 Duke Blue Devils baseball team represented the Duke Blue Devils baseball team of Duke University in the 1929 NCAA baseball season.


1929 Duke Blue Devils football team
The 1929 Duke Blue Devils football team was an American football team that represented Duke University as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1929 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach James DeHart, the team compiled a 4–6 record (2–1 against conference opponents) and was outscored by a total of 260 to 153. Henry Kistler was the team captain.


1929 Duke Blue Devils football team
Home games were played at the new Duke Stadium, on its campus in Durham, North Carolina.


1929 Dunedin mayoral election
The 1929 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1929, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1929 Duquesne Dukes football team
The 1929 Duquesne Dukes football team was an American football team that represented Duquesne University as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In its third season under head coach Elmer Layden, Duquesne compiled a 9–0–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 154 to 53.


1929 Dutch general election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 3 July 1929. The Roman Catholic State Party remained the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 30 of the 100 seats.


1929 East Tennessee State Teachers football team
The 1929 East Tennessee State Teachers football team was an American football team that represented East Tennessee State Teacher's College—now known as East Tennessee State University (ETSU)—as an independent in the 1929 college football season. They were led by fifth-year coach John Robinson. Robinson was assisted by William "Willie" Flinn Rogers, who taught history and government at the school from 1925 to 1968. This was Robinson's final year coaching the team, and his squad finished with a 2–5–1 record.


1929 Eastern Professional Soccer League
1929 Eastern Professional Soccer League. The season began on September 2, 1929. By this time, the financial losses suffered by the American Soccer League, SNYSA and ESL had begun to mount. With the stock market crash a month later, the corporate sponsorship on which many of the teams depended began to dry up. Consequently, the ASL began negotiations with the USFA to rejoin the association. This led to additional negotiations regarding the merger of the ASL and ESL. As these went on, the ESL began its 1929-30 season. By the end of the first half in November 1929, Bethlehem Steel led the standings with twenty-three points off an 11-2-1 record.


1929 Eastern Suburbs season
Eastern Suburbs (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in the 22nd New South Wales Rugby League season in 1928.


1929 Eastern Suburbs season, Details
• Cyril Abotomey,• B. Bakewell• J. Barratt• Morrie Boyle• Richard Brown• Joe Busch• Harry Caples• A. Carter• W.Cole• Jack Coote• F. Davies• Tom Fitzpatrick• Gordon Fletcher• Nelson Hardy• George Harris• Larry Hedger• Billy Hong• Harry Kavanagh• Joe Pearce• Norm Pope• Bill Shankland • Ray Stehr• George Torpy.


1929 Eddisbury by-election
The Eddisbury by-election, 1929 was a by-election held on 20 March 1929 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eddisbury.


1929 Eddisbury by-election, Vacancy
The election was triggered by the death of the sitting Unionist Member of Parliament (MP), Harry Barnston. He had been the MP here since re-gaining the seat from the Liberal at the January 1910 general election.


1929 Eddisbury by-election, History
Eddisbury had been won by the Unionists at every election since the seat was created in 1885, with the exception of the Liberal landslide election of 1906, when the Liberal Arthur Stanley won the seat. The Liberals came closest to winning the seat back in 1923 when the Unionist majority was only 196 votes. At the previous General Election in 1924, the result was a comfortable Unionist win;


1929 Eddisbury by-election, Candidates
It was a straight fight between the Unionist, Lieutenant-Colonel Roderick George Fenwick-Palmer and the Liberal, Richard Russell, Labour having decided not to contest the seat. The Labour Party had a weak organisation in the constituency and rarely fought the seat. Russell, a 57-year-old local government Alderman on Birkenhead Town Council, had the advantage of having fought the seat at the two previous general elections and had been nursing the constituency. Thirty-seven-year-old Fenwick Palmer (a descendant of Sir Robert Peel) was Chairman of Wrexham Conservative Association so was new to most electors in the constituency, although he was well known in Cheshire hunting circles.


1929 Eddisbury by-election, Campaign
On 1 March, nationally, Liberal leader, David Lloyd George launched the Liberal programme for the upcoming General Election, titled We Can Conquer Unemployment. The main issues in the election concerned agriculture, and the controversial land programme of Liberal leader David Lloyd George. This was unsurprising given the essentially rural nature of the constituency.


1929 Eddisbury by-election, Result
The Liberal victory in a seat not won since 1906, helped fuel speculation that the Liberal Party might win a General Election, expected within months.


1929 Eddisbury by-election, Aftermath
A couple of months later, Russell held the seat at the 1929 general election against the same Unionist opponent, with a slightly reduced majority.


1929 Eddisbury by-election, Aftermath
By the time of the next general election (held in 1931) Russell had joined the Liberal National faction of the Liberal Party, and he was returned without opposition. In 1935 he was again returned unopposed as a Liberal National.


1929 Edmonton municipal election
The 1929 municipal election was held December 9, 1929 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and four trustees to sit on the public school board, while four trustees were acclaimed to the separate school board). In the election's only plebiscite, voters didn't endorse the extension of the half day Wednesday shopping holiday by the required two-thirds majority.


1929 Edmonton municipal election
There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: James Collisson, Alfred Farmilo, James Findlay, Charles Gibbs, and Frederick Keillor (SS) were all elected to two-year terms in 1928 and were still in office.


1929 Edmonton municipal election
There were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Samuel Barnes, Thyrza Bishop, and Frederick Casselman had all been elected to two-year terms in 1928 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Robert Adrien Crowe (SS), J O Pilon, and W B Trainor were continuing.


1929 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout
There were 18,549 ballots cast out of 40,993 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 45.2%.


1929 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Separate (Catholic) school trustees
Charles Gariepy, Thomas Magee, A J Ryan and J Tansey (SS) were acclaimed to the separate school board.


1929 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Wednesday Holiday Plebiscite
In favour of having Wednesday half-holiday extended to cover all the year except the month of December?


1929 Egyptian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 21 December 1929. The result was a victory for the Wafd Party, which won 198 of the 236 seats, including 102 seats in which their candidates were returned unopposed. Four independents were also returned unopposed.


1929 Egyptian parliamentary election
The election was boycotted by the Liberal Constitutionalist Party, and only 26 Ittihad Party and four Watani Party candidates contested the election.


1929 Ekstraklasa, Overview
The championship was contested by 13 teams and Warta Poznań won the title.


1929 Emperor's Cup, Overview
It was contested by 8 teams, and Kwangaku Club won the championship.


1929 Emperor's Cup Final
1929 Emperor's Cup Final was the 9th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Meiji Jingu Gaien Stadium in Tokyo on November 1, 1929. Kwangaku Club won the championship.


1929 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview
Kwangaku Club won their 1st title, by defeating Hosei University 3–0. Kwangaku Club was featured a squad consisting of Saizo Saito, Yukio Goto and Hideo Sakai.


1929 English Greyhound Derby
The 1929 Greyhound Derby Final took place on 25 July 1929 at White City Stadium. The winner Mick the Miller received a first prize of £700 in a final with only four runners.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances
2¾, 2, 3 (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1927-1950 one length was equal to 0.06 of one second but race times are shown as 0.08 as per modern day calculations.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
Boher Ash returned to defend his title but Palatinus and Mutable were installed joint favourites with Buckna Boy just behind them in the ante-post market. Mick the Miller had travelled from Ireland with his trainer Mick Horan and owner Father Martin Brophy, Mick the Miller's old rival Hidden Jew was now trained by Sidney Orton.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
During the first qualifying heats on Thursday 10 July Palatinus won in 30.22 at odds of 3-1 on. The next evening on the Friday 11 July, Mick the Miller (who was due to run his heat the following Tuesday) had his first trial at White City and recorded a 30.03 secs, which was one spot (0.01 sec) quicker than the world record time over 525 yards but did not constitute a world record because it was a trial and not a race.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
Boher Ash progressed through his heat on the second qualifying session and then on the Tuesday the third and final qualifying took place and Mick the Miller broke the 30 second barrier and world record for the 525 yards recording 29.82. One of his main threats Mutable was knocked out in his heat losing to 10-1 shot Dollinger in 30.50.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
There was a significant interest to buy Mick the Miller immediately after the race and his owner Father Martin Brophy decided there and then to auction the dog on the terrace steps. He sold him to a London Bookmaker called Albert Williams for 800 guineas. It was huge amount for a greyhound at that time and was deal was reported in the national newspapers that evening. The 800 guineas bid beat off an attempt by Wimbledon deputy chairman Arundel Kempton to buy the brindle.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
The second round saw Boher Ash eliminated but Mick the Miller won by 8 lengths in 30.45 at odds of 4-1 on. Buckna Boy defeated Palatinus and another greyhound called Entomb equalled Mick the Miller's time of 30.45 in winning.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
The semi-finals were duly won by Mick the Miller (29.98) and Entomb (30.16). Entomb qualified by beating Beadsman by 4 lengths with the Southampton trained Buckna Boy going out. Mick the Miller defeated Palatinus by just two lengths.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
For the only time in events history the final was to be contested by just four runners. The Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) wanted a clean run race and thought that four competitors would guarantee this. Mick the Miller, running from trap 4, was made the 7/4 on favourite, while Palatinus, from trap 2, was installed at 3/1. Entomb, the original ante-post favourite, was 9/2 and the outsider from trap 1 was Beadsman who went off at 25/1.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
The supposed guaranteed clean race involving just four runners was not to be. Palatinus led on the rails and won easily because Mick the Miller went a little wide out of the trap and bumped into and knocked over Entomb at the first bend. Beadsmen also found trouble but the klaxon sounded for a no race which surprised many because no greyhound had fought. Just 30 minutes later the Derby was re-run and Palatinus led once again on the rails, but Mick the Miller was close up at the first bend and took over at the second bend. He went on to win in a time of 29.96, winning by 3 lengths from Palatinus, with Entomb back in third.


1929 English Greyhound Derby, Review
Mick the Miller remained in England and took up residence at the kennels of Sidney Orton, (the same Burhill kennels where he had been housed for the Derby in Paddy McEllistrim' range. Both men were based at Wimbledon Stadium. Father Brophy went back to Ireland considerably richer whilst his trainer Mick Horan returned to Ireland publicly upset after failing to be consulted about the sale.


1929 English cricket season
1929 was the 36th season of County Championship cricket in England. South Africa were on tour and England won the Test series 2–0. In domestic cricket, Nottinghamshire overcame their two northern rivals, Lancashire and Yorkshire, to win the County Championship.


1929 English cricket season, Leading batsmen
Jack Hobbs topped the averages with 2263 runs @ 66.55


1929 English cricket season, Leading bowlers
Dick Tyldesley topped the averages with 154 wickets @ 15.57


1929 Estonian Football Championship
The 1929 Estonian Football Championship was the 9th official football league season in Estonia. Six teams, five from Tallinn and one from Tartu, took part in the league. VS Sport Tallinn won their seventh title.


1929 Estonian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 11 and 13 May 1929.


1929 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1929 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Davos, Switzerland. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the discipline of men's singles.


1929 European Rowing Championships
The 1929 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Bydgoszcz Regatta Course in the Polish city of Bydgoszcz in the suburb of Łęgnowo. The competition was for men only and they competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+).


1929 FA Charity Shield
The 1929 FA Charity Shield was the 16th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match. It was played between the Professionals and the Amateurs at New Cross in London on 7 October 1929. The Professionals won the match 3–0.


1929 FA Charity Shield, Match
The Professionals won 3–0 with goals from Seed, Chandler and Pease.


1929 FA Cup Final
The 1929 FA Cup Final was contested by Bolton Wanderers and Portsmouth at Wembley. Bolton won 2–0, with goals by Billy Butler and Harold Blackmore.


1929 Federal Capital Territory Soccer Football Association season
The 1929 Capital Football season was the fourth Capital Football season. There was only one ACT competition played which was the FCTSA League and was won by Queanbeyan by a 2-point margin.


1929 Federal Capital Territory Soccer Football Association season, 1928 FCTSA League
The 1929 FCTSA League was the fourth season of the FCTSA League, the former top soccer league in the Capital Football. The league was planned to begin on 11 May as some teams withdrew from the competition and the league was not played.


1929 Federal Capital Territory Soccer Football Association season, 1929 Canberra Cup
The 1929 FCTSA Cup was the first edition of the Canberra Cup. This was played after the ACT had cancelled the FCTSA League in replace of the Canberra Cup. Queanbeyan won the Final 3–2 against Canberra Rovers.


1929 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji in 1929. They were the first in which Indo-Fijians were allowed to vote.


1929 Fijian general election, Background
Indo-Fijians had previously been able to vote in municipal elections, but when elections to the Legislative Council were introduced in 1905, the Governor noted that he "did not consider it necessary to provide for the representation of the Indians and Pacific Islanders because they had shown themselves open to corruption at the municipal elections." Subsequently, the community lost its right to vote in local elections in 1912. In 1916 provision was made for an Indo-Fijian member of the Legislative Council, but they were appointed by the Governor rather than elected.


1929 Fijian general election, Electoral system
Constitutional amendments made on 1 May 1929 changed the composition of the Legislative Council. The number of appointed members was increased from 12 to 13, with all 13 now required to be civil servants (previously one of the appointed members had been from outside the civil service). The number of elected members was increased from seven to nine, with the number of European elected members reduced from seven to six (elected from five constituencies, reduced from six with the removal of Suva), and three elected seats created for Indo-Fijians. The number of appointed Fijian members was increased from two to three; they were appointed from a list of between four and six potential candidates presented to the Governor by the Great Council of Chiefs. The Governor also sat in the Council as its President.


1929 Fijian general election, Electoral system
Voter eligibility remained unchanged for Europeans, being restricted to men aged 21 or over who had been born to European parents (or a European father and was able to read, speak and write English), who were British subjects and had been continuously resident in Fiji for 12 months, and who either owned at least £20 of freehold or leasehold property or had an annual income of at least £120.


1929 Fijian general election, Electoral system
For Indo-Fijians, eligibility was also restricted to men aged 21 or over. They had to be a British subject or from British India, have lived continuously in the Fiji for at least two years, be able to read or write in English, Gujarati, Gurmukhi,  Hindi, Tamil, Telegu or Urdu, and for the previous six months, have either owned property with an annual value of five years, had a net annual cash income of at least £75, or held a Government or municipal licence worth at least £5 annually.


1929 Fijian general election, Electoral system
In both ethnic categories, civil servants were barred from voting.


1929 Fijian general election, Results
Three sitting members of the Council contested the two seats in the redrawn Southern constituency; Alport Barker who had represented the old Southern constituency, and Henry Milne Scott and Henry Marks, who been the two members for Suva since 1911 (Milne Scott was first elected in 1908). Marks was unseated after 18 years on the Council, finishing 125 votes behind Barker.


1929 Fijian general election, Aftermath
Popi Seniloli and Deve Toganivalu were appointed as Fijian members.


1929 Fijian general election, Aftermath
After the Legislative Council was opened, Deo put forward a resolution for a common electoral roll on 5 November 1929. After it was defeated, the three Indo-Fijian members walked out of the Council. After missing three sittings, they were deemed to have forfeited their seats and by-elections were called. However, no nominations were received. As a result, the Indo-Fijian seats were left vacant until 1932.


1929 Finnish football championship
The 1929 Finnish football championship was the 21st season of Finnish football. This was the last time the championship was organized in tournament form before the foundation of the Mestaruussarja.


1929 Finnish football championship
A total of 22 teams took part in the competition with Helsingin Palloseura and IFK Helsingfors meeting in the final.


1929 Finnish parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1929. The result was a victory for the Agrarian League, which won 60 of the 200 seats in Parliament. Voter turnout was 55.6%.


1929 Finnish parliamentary election, Background
President Relander, an Agrarian, believed that the Finnish civil servants should get a pay raise, after a long period of frozen salaries, that had caused them to lose a significant amount of purchasing power. Most of his fellow Agrarians opposed him and the Progressive minority government of Prime Minister Mantere on this issue, arguing that the civil servants, on average, were still clearly better paid than the agricultural workers. After the Finnish Parliament rejected the government's legislative proposal on the increase of civil servants' salaries in April 1929, President Relander dissolved Parliament and called early elections for July.


1929 Finnish parliamentary election, Background
The Agrarians and Communists campaigned on the rejection of the civil servants' proposed salary increases, and both parties gained seats. The National Coalitioners and Progressives who favoured the salary increases suffered a defeat. President Relander was displeased by the Agrarians' victory, because he could not get along well with their leader, Mr. Kallio, but he reluctantly appointed Kallio as Prime Minister of an Agrarian minority government after the elections.


1929 Five Nations Championship
The 1929 Five Nations Championship was the fifteenth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship following the inclusion of France into the Home Nations Championship. Including the previous Home Nations Championships, this was the forty-second series of the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 31 December 1928 and 1 April 1929. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.


1929 Florida Gators football team
The 1929 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1929 college football season. The season was Charlie Bachman's second as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Bachman's 1929 Florida Gators finished with an overall record of 8–2, and a conference record of 6–1, placing fourth of twenty-three conference teams.


1929 Florida Gators football team
The highlights of the year included Southern Conference victories over the Virginia Military Institute Keydets, Auburn Tigers, Georgia Bulldogs, Clemson Tigers, South Carolina Gamecocks and Washington & Lee Generals, and a 20–6 intersectional upset over coach John McEwan's Oregon Webfoots in a neutral site game played at the old Madison Square Garden stadium in Miami, Florida.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Before the season
Former player Edgar Jones became athletic director and Joe Bedenk left. James Van Fleet returned to help assist Bachman.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Before the season
Coach Bachman began the season's intensive practices on the beach at Anastasia Island, some ten miles from Saint Augustine. A fierce battle amongst the eleven running backs featured. A good backfield was expected.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Before the season
Bachman later said the 1929 team "was as good as the 1928 team and would have been better had we not lost Carl Brumbaugh from the year before. He was our passer, and he was our thinker. He could get the ball to Van Sickel. In those days the halfbacks passed more than the quarterback. And boy did we pass. In the flats a lot, like they do now."


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 1: Florida Southern
The Gators opened the season with a 54–0 romp of Florida Southern. The Gators made 19 first downs and 8 touchdowns; Florida Southern made no first downs.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 2: VMI
Prior to the game, Royce Goodbread and Ed Sauls stood out in preparations. Florida won a close game in Tampa over the V. M. I. Keydets 12 to 7. VMI frequently used the forward pass; and the Gators used a new huddle system.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 2: VMI
The first score came from Royce Goodbread after many exchanges of punts. Rainey Cawthon made a 25-yard pass into another touchdown. The Keydets touchdown was scored on a 2-yard run by Dunn.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Auburn
In Florida's first night game, the Gators defeated the Auburn Tigers 19 to 0.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Auburn
Florida's first touchdown came on a 30-yard run from Clyde Crabtree through tackle. A 10-yard pass from Red Bethea to Dale Van Sickel brought the second touchdown. The last score was a 15-yard pass from Red McEwen to Jimmy Nolan. After the game, acting under orders of Governor Graves, law enforcement officers seized and destroyed some 75 pints of liquor which had been brought to the contest.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 3: at Auburn
The starting lineup for the Gators against Harvard: Green (left end), Waters (left tackle), McRae (left guard), Haines (center), Houser (right guard), Dedge (right tackle), Hall (right end), Crabtree (quarterback), Bethea (left halfback), Goodbread (right halfback), Cawthon (fullback).


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 4: at Georgia Tech
Florida lost to coach Bill Alexander's Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets on Grant Field 19–6. Fumbles cost Florida dearly. Georgia Tech's ability to stop the Gator backfield was surprising.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 4: at Georgia Tech
A 30-yard pass, Earl Dunlap to Warner Mizell, and 7 yards after the catch from Mizell, got the first touchdown for the Yellow Jackets. A 25-yard pass from Dunlap to Vance Maree got the second. The final score for Tech came on a pass from Mizell to Stumpy Thomason. A pitch to Rainey Cawthon got the lone Gator score.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 5: Georgia
The Gators upset the Georgia Bulldogs for the second year in a row, by a score of 18 to 6, just two days after the Stock Market Crash. Georgia had already defeated Yale.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 5: Georgia
A long pass from Red Bethea to Green started things going in the second quarter, down to Georgia's 14-yard line. After driving down to the 3, Bethea scored on a wide end run. Dale Van Sickel recovered a blocked punt in the third quarter inside the 30-yard line. Rainey Cawthon and company drove the ball inside the 10-yard line. A pass from Clyde Crabtree to Van Sickel got a touchdown. Crabtree later returned an interception for a touchdown. In the final minutes, Ed Sauls ran 60 yards through the Georgia defense, the highlight of the contest.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 5: Georgia
Georgia quarterback Austin Downes broke his arm during the game. Florida running back Royce Goodbread also suffered an injury.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 6: at Harvard
Coach Arnold Horween's Harvard Crimson defeated the Florida Gators 14 to 0 in front of a crowd of 35,000. Michigan coach Fielding Yost watched the game from the stands.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 6: at Harvard
The starting lineup for the Gators against Harvard: Nolan (left end), Proctor (left tackle), Reeves (left guard), Clemons (center), Steele (right guard), Waters (right tackle), Van Sickel (right end), Crabtree (quarterback), Bethea (left halfback), Dorsett (right halfback), Cawthon (fullback).


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 7: Clemson
The Gators beat Josh Cody's Clemson Tigers 13–7 at homecoming. The first Florida score came on a 9-yard pass from Red Bethea to Dale Van Sickel. The second came on a short run by Rainey Cawthon after a 28-yard run by Bethea.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 8: at South Carolina
The Gators defeated coach Billy Laval's South Carolina Gamecocks 20 to 7. Florida substitutes started the game, coming in some 5 minutes in after a blocked punt on the 18-yard line. Six runs at the line later, Rainey Cawthon scored. A pass from Clyde Crabtree to Dale Van Sickel got the extra point. Early in the second quarter, South Carolina blocked another punt. This time they capitalized with a 15-yard touchdown pass, Rhame to Stoddard. Boineau added the extra point from placement.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 8: at South Carolina
The same Boineau later fumbled a punt, recovered by Florida. A pass from Crabtree to Red Bethea gained 12 and a run around right end from Bethea got a touchdown. Crabtree passed to Van Sickel for the conversion. A Van Sickel interception ended South Carolina's fiercest threat, which eventually turned into another Cawthon touchdown. The final touchdown drive caused injuries to both Van Sickel and Bethea. The try was missed.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 8: at South Carolina
The starting lineup for the Gators against South Carolina: L. Greene (left end), Phiel (left tackle), McRae (left guard), Clark (center), James (right guard), Dedge (right tackle), Vickery (right end), McEwen (quarterback), Dorsett (left halfback), Goodbread (right halfback), Silsby (fullback).


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 9: Washington & Lee
The Gators defeated coach Gene Oberst's Washington & Lee Generals 25–7 in their annual Thanksgiving matchup. Sophomore halfback Monk Dorsett was the star of the game, scoring two touchdowns.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 10: Oregon
At the old Madison Square Garden Stadium in Miami on December 7, in front of more than 25,000, the Gators had a major inter-sectional victory over coach John McEwan's Oregon Webfoots 20 to 6. The Gators had a light drill on Fleming Field on the afternoon of the 5th. At 9:30 they embarked on a special train, which transferred to the train bearing the Oregon players at Palatka.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 10: Oregon
The heat forced many Oregon players to take off their jerseys. Clyde Crabtree, in his final game, had a touchdown on a punt return of 80 yards, Ed Sauls had one on a run through the line of 38 yards. The other score came on 10-yard run by Red McEwen.


1929 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Week 10: Oregon
The starting lineup for the Gators against Oregon: Parnell (left end), Waters (left tackle), Steele (left guard), Clemons (center), Reeves (right guard), Proctor (right tackle), Nolan (right end), Crabtree (quarterback), Dorsett (left halfback), Goodbread (right halfback), Cawthon (fullback).


1929 Florida Gators football team, Personnel, Depth chart
The following chart provides a visual depiction of Florida's lineup during the 1929 season with games started at the position reflected in parenthesis. The chart mimics a Notre Dame Box on offense.


1929 Fordham Rams football team
The 1929 Fordham Rams football team was an American football team that represented Fordham University as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In its third year under head coach Frank Cavanaugh, Fordham compiled a 7–0–2 record, shut out six of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 176 to 19.


1929 Frankford Yellow Jackets season
The 1929 Frankford Yellow Jackets season was their sixth in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their previous league output of 11–3–2, winning only ten games, losing four, and tying five. They finished third in the league standings.


1929 Frankford Yellow Jackets season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1929 Franklin by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Franklin on 14 December 1929. This was triggered by the death of independent MP William McWilliams.


1929 French Championships (tennis)
The 1929 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 20 May until 3 June. It was the 34th staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year.


1929 French Championships (tennis)
René Lacoste and Helen Wills Moody won the singles titles. It was Lacoste's seventh and last Grand Slam singles title.


1929 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles
René Lacoste (FRA) defeated  Jean Borotra (FRA) 6–3, 2–6, 6–0, 2–6, 8–6


1929 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Singles
Helen Wills Moody (USA) defeated  Simonne Mathieu (FRA) 6–3, 6–4


1929 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles
René Lacoste (FRA) /  Jean Borotra (FRA) defeated  Henri Cochet (FRA) /  Jacques Brugnon (FRA) 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 8–6


1929 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles
Lilí Álvarez (ESP) /  Kea Bouman (NED) defeated  Bobbie Heine (RSA) /  Alida Neave (RSA) 7–5, 6–3


1929 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles
Eileen Bennett Whittingstall (GBR) /  Henri Cochet (FRA) defeated  Helen Wills Moody (USA) /  Frank Hunter (USA) 6–3, 6–2


1929 French Championships – Men's Doubles
Jean Borotra and Jacques Brugnon were the defending champions but they split up and Borotra teamed up with René Lacoste and Brugnon partnered with Henri Cochet. The final saw the encounter of these teams known all together as the Four Musketeers with the former pair clinching the title.


1929 French Championships – Men's Doubles, Seeds
Every but 16 teams (neither the third and four seeds) received a bye into the second round.


1929 French Championships – Men's Doubles, Sources
Béla Kehrling, ed. (10 June 1929). (in Hungarian) (pdf). Tennisz és Golf. I (Budapest, Hungary: Bethlen Gábor Irod. és Nyomdai RT) 3: 67. Retrieved September 22, 2012.


1929 French Championships – Men's Singles
The second seed, René Lacoste, defeated Jean Borotra 6–3, 2–6, 6–0, 2–6, 8–6 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1929 French Championships.


1929 French Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. René Lacoste is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1929 French Championships – Women's Singles
Helen Wills defeated Simonne Mathieu 6–3, 6–4 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1929 French Championships.


1929 French Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Helen Wills is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1929 French Grand Prix
The 1929 French Grand Prix (formally, the XXIII Grand Prix de l'Automobile Club de France) was a Grand Prix motor race held at Le Mans on 30 June 1929. The race was held over 37 laps of the 16.34 km (10.15 miles) circuit for a total race distance of 604.58 km (375.67 miles) and was won by "W. Williams," driving a Bugatti.


1929 French Grand Prix
Noting that the previous old 1.5 Litre formula had been a failure, with very low entries at most races in 1926 and 1927, and with the French Grand Prix run for sports cars in 1928, it was decided that new regulations were needed. For 1929 there was no-longer an engine capacity limit, but as the AIACR, it was decided to require cars to weigh at least 900kg, and allow them to consume no more than 85kg of fuel (14kg per 100km), which was provided in special fuel tanks, which each car carried externally. The race was totally dominated by Williams, who lead from start to finish.


1929 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
The 1929 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State Normal School during the 1929 college football season.


1929 Fresno State Bulldogs football team
Fresno State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The 1929 team was led by first-year head coach Stanley Borleske and played home games at Fresno State College Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished with a record of one win and seven losses (1–7, 1–4 FWC). The Bulldogs were outscored by their opponents 40–250 for the season and were shut out in six of the eight games.


1929 George Washington Colonials football team
The 1929 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In their first season under head coach Jim Pixlee, the team compiled a 0–8 record.


1929 Georgetown Hoyas football team
The 1929 Georgetown Hoyas football team represented Georgetown University during the 1929 college football season. Led by Lou Little in his sixth and final season as head coach, the team went 5–2–2.


1929 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1929 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1929 college football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 6–4 record. The season featured the first game in newly completed Sanford Stadium on October 12 (a victory over Yale) and Georgia's 100th loss (November 2 vs. Tulane). In the 1920s, the Bulldogs compiled a record of 60–31–4 (a .653 winning percentage).


1929 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team
The 1929 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets of the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1929 college football season. The Tornado was coached by William Alexander in his tenth year as head coach and compiled a record of 3–6.


1929 German Grand Prix
The 1929 German Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Nürburgring on 14 July 1929.


1929 German Ice Hockey Championship
The 1929 German Ice Hockey Championship was the 13th season of the German Ice Hockey Championship, the national championship of Germany. Berliner Schlittschuhclub won the championship by defeating SC Riessersee in the final.


1929 German football championship
The 1929 German football championship, the 22nd edition of the competition, was won by SpVgg Fürth, defeating Hertha BSC 3–2 in the final.


1929 German football championship
For SpVgg Fürth it was the third national championship after wins in 1914 and 1926 but the club would never again appear in the final after 1929. It was the last highlight of the decade after the First World War that saw seven of the ten national championships go to Middle Franconian clubs 1. FC Nürnberg and SpVgg Fürth. For Hertha BSC it marked the fourth consecutive final loss, the only club to do so. Hertha had previously lost the 1926 final to Fürth as well but would go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931.


1929 German football championship
Hertha's Hanne Sobek was the top scorer of the 1929 championship with six goals.


1929 German football championship
Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition, two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West. In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up, except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner. In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while, in the South, the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams.


1929 German football championship, Competition, Round of 16
The round of 16, played on 9 and 16 June 1929:


1929 German football championship, Competition, Semi-finals
The semi-finals, played on 7 July 1929, with the replay played on 21 July:


1929 German referendum
A referendum was held in Germany on 22 December 1929. It was a failed attempt to introduce a 'Law against the Enslavement of the German People'. The legislation, proposed by German nationalists, would formally renounce the Treaty of Versailles and make it a criminal offence for German officials to co-operate in the collecting of reparations. Although it was approved by 94.5% of those who voted, voter turnout was just 14.9%, well below the 50% necessary for it to pass.


1929 German referendum, Background
Throughout 1929 Germany and the Entente worked on achieving a final settlement on the issue of German war debts. The proposed final settlement, known as the Young Plan, was considered relatively favourable to Germany. The Young Plan allowed for the release of all securities by the Allies and the removal of creditors' financial and economic control. In addition to this loosening of the economic burden of Versailles, France also agreed to evacuate the Rhineland in 1930, five years ahead of schedule.


1929 German referendum, Background
Although the Young Plan was certainly more advantageous to Germany than the original Treaty of Versailles, many German nationalists opposed it. They believed that accepting the Young Plan meant accepting Versailles. It meant confessing to the 'war guilt clause', which had not been modified under the Young Plan. More practically they also believed that favourable settlements such as this undermined the will of the German people to defeat Versailles.


1929 German referendum, Background
Opposition to the Young Plan was led by nationalist politician and media baron, Alfred Hugenberg. He set up a league of many right-wing organisations to campaign together against the Plan. These organisations included the German National People's Party (DNVP), the Pan-German League, Der Stahlhelm and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). This last choice was surprising as that party's violent tactics and anti-capitalist rhetoric had made it anathema to the mainstream right. Yet Hugenberg admired the Nazis' dynamism and youthful enthusiasm and hoped to use them as a 'drum' in the campaign against the Young Plan. The right-wing league proposed a new 'Freedom Law' as an alternative to the Young Plan. The proposed 'Freedom Law' renounced the 'war guilt clause' and the occupation of former German territories. The proposed law renounced reparations and made it a criminal offence for any official to co-operate with their collection.


1929 German referendum, Background
The centre-left, centre and centre-right parties all supported the Young Plan as a step in restoring Germany's position in international affairs. As such, the 'Freedom Law' had little support in the Reichstag. When finally proposed there the bill was defeated by a 318-82 margin. The right hoped that the public would be more sympathetic. Enough signatures expressing support for the proposition were gathered to force a referendum on the issue under Article 73 of the Weimar Constitution. The fact that a sufficient number of signatures were gathered to cause a referendum surprised observers.


1929 German referendum, Aftermath
The referendum was very favourable to the Nazi Party and, as such, is considered to be an important event in German history. Exposure in Hugenberg's widely read newspapers gave the Nazis free publicity and party leader Adolf Hitler became a household name in Germany. In addition to this, campaigning with the mainstream right-wing parties gave Hitler a credibility he had lacked before. The dynamism and youthful enthusiasm of the Nazis which had appealed to Hugenberg appealed to voters too. In December 1929, the Nazis gained 11% of the vote in Thuringia and made gains in other states.


1929 Giro d'Italia
The 1929 Giro d'Italia was the 17th edition of the Giro d'Italia, a cycling race organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The race began on 19 May in Rome with a stage that stretched 235 km (146 mi) to Naples, finishing in Milan on 9 June after a 216 km (134 mi) stage and a total distance covered of 2,920 km (1,814 mi). The race was won by the Alfredo Binda of the Legnano team. Second and third respectively were the Italian riders Domenico Piemontesi and Leonida Frascarelli.


1929 Giro d'Italia, Participants
Of the 166 riders that began the Giro d'Italia on 19 May, 99 of them made it to the finish in Milan on 9 June. Riders were allowed to ride on their own or as a member of a team. There were eight teams that competed in the race: Bianchi-Pirelli, Gloria-Hutchinson, Ideor-Pirelli, Legnano-Hutchinson, Maino-Clément, Prina-Pirelli, Touring-Pirelli, and Wolsit-Hutchinson.


1929 Giro d'Italia, Participants
The peloton was primarily composed of Italians. Alfredo Binda, a three-time winner and reigning champion, came in as the favorite to win the race. Outside of Binda, the field featured only one other Giro d'Italia winner in Gaetano Belloni who won the 1920 running. Other notable Italian riders that started the race included Giuseppe Pancera, Antonio Negrini, and Domenico Piemontesi.


1929 Giro d'Italia, Final standings, General classification
There were 99 cyclists who had completed all fourteen stages. For these cyclists, the times they had needed in each stage was added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the winner.


1929 Giro di Lombardia
The 1929 Giro di Lombardia was the 25th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 26 October 1929. The race started and finished in Milan. The race was won by Pietro Fossati.


1929 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team
The 1929 Gonzaga Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Gonzaga University as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In their first year under head coach Robert L. Mathews, the Bulldogs compiled a 4–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 104 to 100.


1929 Goodall Cup Finals
The 1929 Goodall Cup Final was scheduled to begin on Saturday 10 August 1929, New South Wales had retained the Goodall Cup since 1923 at this point and looked to continue their streak.


1929 Goodall Cup Finals, The series
10 August 1929 The first game of the 1929 interstate ice hockey series was described as being a one-sided affair. New South Wales defeated Victoria 4-0, with Norman Turner scoring 2 goals, James Archibald Brown scoring 1 and K. Raith scoring one.


1929 Goodall Cup Finals, The series
12 August 1929 at 8:00pm was the beginning of the second game of the series where New South Wales defeated Victoria in a very one-sided match and were described as being too fast for the Victorian team, with K. Raith scoring 3 goals and Jim Brown and Norman Turner also scoring for New South Wales. Victoria only scored twice with B. Cullen and E. Molony providing the goals.


1929 Goodall Cup Finals, The series
14 August 1929 Victoria defeated New South Wales by a score of 2-0 but the Goodall Cup was already won by the New South Wales team in the second game.


1929 Goodall Cup Finals, Teams, New South Wales
The New South Wales team was made from the following players


1929 Grand Banks earthquake
The 1929 Grand Banks earthquake (also called the Laurentian Slope earthquake and the South Shore Disaster) occurred on November 18, 1929. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of VI (Strong tremor) and was centered in the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Newfoundland in the Laurentian Slope Seismic Zone.


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake was centred on the edge of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, about 400 kilometres (250 mi) south of the island. It was felt as far away as New York City and Montreal. The quake, along two faults 250 kilometres (160 mi) south of the Burin Peninsula, triggered a large submarine landslide displacing (200 km3 or 48 cu mi). It snapped 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and led to a tsunami that arrived in three waves. Newfoundland, Canada and Saint Pierre and Miquelon had the largest impact, both from the snapped 12 submarine cables, and the tsunami. This was Canada's largest submarine landslide ever recorded, up to 500 times the size of 1894 Saint-Alban subaerial slide.


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Earthquake
In 2002 Natural Resources Canada and the United States Geological Survey, created an intensity map by using the Revised Modified Mercalli scale.


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Tsunami
The tsunami waves had an amplitude of 3–8 metres (9.8–26.2 ft), and a runup of 13 metres (43 ft) along the Burin Peninsula. It destroyed many south coastal communities on the Peninsula, killing 27 or 28 people and leaving 1,000 or more homeless. All means of communication were cut off by the destruction, and relief efforts were further hampered by a blizzard that struck the day after. It was recorded as far away as Lagos, Portugal 4,060 km (2,520 mi) away, 06:47 after the earthquake. It took 2 hours and 23 minutes to strike Burin, Newfoundland, 340 km (210 mi) from the epicenter, and only two hours to be observed in Bermuda 1,445 km (898 mi).


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Tsunami
Tsunami travel times demonstrate the strong anisotropy of the propagating waves. The waves reach open ocean islands such as Bermuda in about 2 h[hours] (mean speed ~700 km/h) and the Azores in about 4 h (~630 km/h). At the same time, tsunami wave speeds are much slower in the direction of the North America[n] coast: they require 2.7 h to reach Halifax (~230 km/h) and 4.2 h to reach Atlantic City (~380 km/h).


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Tsunami, Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island felt the earthquake; at the time the intensity was rated at IV (Slight tremor) – VI (Strong tremor) on the Rossi-Forel scale. In PEI it ranged from an intensity of III (Weak) – V (Moderate).


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Tsunami, Saint Pierre and Miquelon
In the then named French Republic Overseas territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of the Burin Peninsula, people were awakened around 16:30h by the earthquake that lasted approximately one minute. At 17:20, the tsunami reached the island of Saint-Pierre, submerging the docks. The worst damage was reported on the island then named Île-aux-Chiens (meaning Island of the Dogs; till 1931), now known as L'Île-aux-Marins (The Island of the Sailors).


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Tsunami, Saint Pierre and Miquelon
The tsunami hit from the south, rising above the height of the south bank that protects the south coast, flooding the lower part of the island. It damaged and moved some of the houses; there were no reported injuries or casualties from the islands. The quake's intensity on the island was V (Moderate tremor) – VI (Strong tremor), and on the revised Modified Mercalli Intensity scale IV (Light) – V (Moderate)


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Aftermath
It took more than three days before the SS Meigle responded to an SOS signal with doctors, nurses, blankets, and food. Donations from across Newfoundland, Canada, the United States and United Kingdom totaled $250,000. There was never an accurate official list of the victims produced by any branch of the Newfoundland government. In the report entitled "Loss of Life," the Honourable Dr. Harris Munden Mosdell, Chairman of the Board of Health Burin West, reported: "The loss of life through the tidal wave totals twenty-seven. Twenty-five deaths were due directly to the upheaval. Two other deaths occurred subsequently and were due to shock and exposure." Later research attributed an additional death to the earthquake.


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Aftermath
In 1952, American scientists from Columbia University put together the pieces of the sequentially broken cables that led to the discovery of the landslide and the first documentation of a turbidity current. Scientists have examined other layers of sand believed to be deposited by other tsunamis in an effort to determine the occurrence rates of large earthquakes. One sand layer, thought to be deposited by the 1929 tsunami, at Taylor's Bay was found 13 centimetres (5.1 in) below the turf line.


1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Aftermath
The occurrences of large tsunamis, such as the one in 1929, are dependent upon deposition of sediments offshore because it was the landslide that made the tsunami so powerful. It will take a while before there is a large enough deposition of sediments to form an underwater landslide of a size similar as that of 1929.


1929 Grand National
The 1929 Grand National was the 88th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 22 March 1929.


1929 Grand National
It had the largest starting field of any Aintree Grand National with 66 horses taking part in the race.


1929 Grand National
The race was won by 100/1 outsider Gregalach, and it was the second successive year where a horse with such odds won. Fourth-placed Melleray's Belle started at odds of 200/1 and was the first horse with odds as wide as this to finish in the top four places since Magpie, also a 200/1 bet in 1886.


1929 Grand National
Gregalach was ridden by jockey Robert W. H. Everett and trained by Tom Leader, for owner Margaret Gemmell. Easter Hero, the favourite, finished in second place and Richmond II was third.


1929 Grand National
Of the 66 runners, all but one returned safely to the stables. One horse, named Stort, incurred a leg fracture in a fall and had to be euthanised.


1929 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath
The media largely praised Aintree's decision to fill in the ditch at The Canal Turn in the wake of the pile up that happened there the previous year but the sheer volume of entries again led to criticism, despite Aintree having introduced an additional forfeit stage in the conditions. The Hon George Lambton claimed that the conditions of the race encouraged poor horses to be entered and that the framing of the weights was also unfair and that the top weights should not be forced to burden as much as 35lbs more than those at the foot of the handicap. Aintree responded the following year by increasing the minimum entry age from five to six years, though changes to the handicap remained unaltered until 1960.


1929 Grand Prix season
The 1929 Grand Prix season was another interim year, where most races were run to Formula Libre (open formula) rules due to a lack of regulations from the AIACR that would be popular for race organisers and manufacturers. This blurred the line between racing cars and sports cars with both competing in the same races. Bugatti won the major international races, with their drivers Louis Chiron and "W Williams". The Italian Championship proved very competitive, attracting many top drivers. There it was Alfa Romeo, using their 4-year old P2 model that claimed more victories, than their main competition coming from Bugatti and Maserati.


1929 Grand Prix season
Chiron took a Delage across to Indianapolis but was outclassed by the Millers. Ray Keech won after duelling with the Millers of Lou Moore and Louis Meyer. Keech was killed a fortnight later at the AAA race at Altoona Speedway. Meyer went on to become the first back-to-back AAA champion.


1929 Grand Prix season
The racing festival on the French Riviera held around Easter culminated in a new race – the Monaco Grand Prix. In a close race between Williams’ Bugatti and the Mercedes-Benz SSK sports car of Rudolf Caracciola, it was decided by a botched pit-stop for the German. The Targa Florio was another triumph for Bugatti, with Albert Divo claiming the fifth win in a row for the marque. Achille Varzi was the Italian Champion with victories at Alessandria, Rome, Montenero and Monza.


1929 Grand Prix season, Grand Épreuves
A pink background indicates the race was run for Sports Cars or Touring Cars this year, while a grey background indicates the race was not held this year. Sources:


1929 Grand Prix season, Major Races
Multiple classes are mentioned when they were divided and run to different race lengths.


1929 Grand Prix season, Teams and drivers
These tables only intend to cover entries in the major races, as keyed above. Sources:


1929 Grand Prix season, Teams and drivers, Significant Privateer drivers
Note: * raced in event as a relief driver. Those in brackets show, although entered, the driver did not raceNote: † driver killed during this racing season


1929 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
The AIACR recognised the tight economic times were limiting manufacturer involvement in the sport. Having opened up to Formula Libre engine regulations (with only a minimum 1.1-litre capacity) in the last season, for this year the minimum weight was lifted to 900 kg. The Grands Prix were still to be at least 600 km long, but now a consumption limitation was added where no more than 14.5 kg per 100 km (14.5 mpg) of petrol could be consumed. The fuel had to be carried in an external fuel-tank with a visible fuel gauge. A new dispensation was added, now allowing two mechanics to assist the driver during pit-stops. Nominally set up for seven races in seven countries, the planned World Championship was abandoned when most organisations disavowed the AIACR regulations. In fact, only the French and Spanish races met the requirements.


1929 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
With racing in France in a malaise and Britain limited to Brooklands, the focus for grand-prix racing moved to the Mediterranean – particularly Italy, but also Spain, the French Riviera and northern Africa. One of the latest additions would gain great fame as an icon race: the brainchild of Antony Noghès, the 3 km Monaco circuit ran through the streets of Monte Carlo, from the port up to the famous hotel and casino then back, via a tunnel, along the waterfront. Safety measures included painting the kerbstones white to help the drivers judge their cornering.


1929 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
The Targa Florio regulations were simplified to two classes: over and under 1100cc. The Coppa Florio was again run on the same course and to the same length as the Targa, however, only opened for the over-1100cc class.


1929 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical
In America, the AAA meanwhile stuck with the tried-and-tested 1.5-litre formula for their single-seaters for one more season. But they announced that regulation changes would come for the next season. Belgium, Germany and Great Britain deferred their premier national races to sports-car events instead.


1929 Grand Prix season, Regulations and Technical, Technical Innovation
The open formula restarted the trend toward bigger engines as the simplest way to gain more power and speed. Maserati came up with one of the most unusual designs of the period with their new Tipo V4 model. It essentially combined two 2-litre engines from their 26B, running on a common crankcase with two crankshafts and twin Roots superchargers. They also produced their first 1100cc car, the Tipo 26C.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
After the death of Emilio Materassi, his friend Gastone Brilli-Peri took up the running of his racing team, the Scuderia Materassi, with Luigi Arcangeli. He won the season opener at Tunis, beating home Baconin Borzacchini in the works Maserati and Tazio Nuvolari, now building his own racing team. Across the Mediterranean, on the Côte d’Azur, a series of meetings in April attracted a number of top and up-and-coming drivers. Italian interest in these essentially French affairs brought drivers with their Alfa Romeos and Maseratis making up diverse fields rather than just being a Bugatti procession.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
At Antibes, Swiss regular Mario Lepori lapped the field for a comfortable win. A week later, Edward Bret then won the sprint races at Cannes. The series culminated at a new race held around the streets of Monte Carlo. After 100 laps, the winner would receive a golden trophy and FF100000. The organisers sent invitations to twenty drivers, a dozen of whom had raced at Antibes. These included the Bugattis of Lepori, Philippe Étancelin and Philippe de Rothschild joined by Marcel Lehoux and William Grover-Williams (racing under his pseudonym of “Williams”). Goffredo Zehender, Pietro Ghersi and Louis Rigal led the Alfa Romeo challenge while German Rudolf Caracciola arrived in his 7-litre Mercedes-Benz SSK sports car. A surprise absentee was Monaco-resident Louis Chiron who was instead going to America for the Indianapolis 500.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
After a wet practice, race day was sunny and a huge crowd thronged the circuit and watching from hotel balconies. The starting grid was decided by lot and although Lehoux took the lead from the flag it was Williams who led at the end of the first lap. Caracciola, starting from the fifth row, had already muscled his way up to second by the second lap. Coming out of the tunnel on the waterfront, Lehoux crashed his Bugatti wrecking three wheels. He ran back to the pits, retrieved three more and after changing them resumed the race 11 laps down.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
Williams, Caracciola and Bouriano gradually pulled away from the field. On the thirtieth lap the German passed Williams to take the lead, but the Briton fought back and repassed him six laps later. At the halfway point, with only 9 of the 16 starters still running, the top three made their pit-stops. Caracciola had a farcical pitstop when the jack slipped off the tramline it was resting on and dropped the car, then the hammer used to knock the wheel off broke. This all cost him an extra three minutes (and a lap) to the two Bugattis.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
Thereafter Williams was able to keep up a quick, but measured, pace and secure a comfortable victory over Bouriano with Caracciola coming home third. Later in the year, Caracciola took his car to Northern Ireland and, in the rain in front of over 500,000 spectators, won the RAC Tourist Trophy from a field of 65 starters.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
The Mille Miglia sports car race had been held the same weekend, won by Giuseppe Campari for Alfa Romeo. A week later a big field of 33 cars lined up for the race at Alessandria, now known as the Coppa Pietro Bordino after the death the year before of the great Italian driver. The two main Italian teams arrived: Borzacchini, Ernesto Maserati and Luigi Fagioli for Maserati and Brilli-Peri and Arcangeli in the Talbots of the Scuderia Materassi. Alongside them were Varzi, Ghersi and Enzo Ferrari in their Alfa Romeos, while Nuvolari would not start after an accident in practice.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
From a standing start, Varzi bolted to the lead with the fastest lap of the race. Despite the dusty conditions on the public roads, he easily dominated the race and led all the way. Brilli-Peri was second for much of the race until his gearbox seized with only two kilometres to go; but he pushed his Talbot for twenty minutes to cross the line. This lifted Borzacchini and Maserati to second and third, nearly five minutes behind Varzi.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
A promising field of 29 entrants for the 20th Targa Florio eventuated to become 19 starters. Bugatti had dominated the race with victories in the past four years and the company entered a strong team of four drivers all in the 2-litre Type 35C: race-winner Albert Divo, Louis Wagner, Ferdinando Minoia and Caberto Conelli. Williams was named as a reserve driver. Alfa Romeo also sent a works team with the new 1750cc Super Sport version of the 6C tourer. Team drivers were Varzi, Brilli-Peri and Campari.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
Borzacchini and Ernesto were once again running the works Maseratis, while Lepori led a troop of privateer Bugattis. Following the example set the year before, by Eliška Junková, of meticulous preparation, both the Bugatti and Alfa Romeo teams arrived during the month beforehand for extensive practice. The French team based itself up in the mountains at Polizzi. The staggered start commenced at 8am with Campari leading the field away at 3-minute intervals. Minoia set a new lap record on his first lap, with Borzacchini only four seconds behind him on elapsed time, with Brilli-Peri, Divo and Varzi further back.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
Minoia continued setting the pace until he slowed with steering issues on the fourth lap. This put Divo into the lead and he held on to take back-to-back victories. Borzacchini had been closing quickly on Minoia on the last lap but was stopped with suspension problems just two miles from the finish. Campari was fourth, the last classified finisher. For Bugatti it was an unprecedented fifth Targa win in a row, and third consecutive Coppa Florio victory thereby winning the trophy outright. That thereafter proved to be the final time the Coppa was run in that format. It would be resumed and re-imagined in 1974, run at Pergusa.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
Three weeks later, the competition resumed at the Rome Grand Prix with a number of the same drivers. Divo and Williams raced for Bugatti, Brilli-Peri and Varzi for Alfa Romeo and Maserati, Borzacchini and Luigi Fagioli for Maserati. Arcangeli and Carlo Pintacuda drove the Talbots of Scuderia Meterassi while Nuvolari had his Bugatti. There were also Hans Stuck in a 3-litre Austro-Daimler, and August Momberger and Fritz Caflisch in their big Mercedes-Benz tourers. From pole position, Stuck jumped into the lead.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Opening races
The dust thrown up by the cars was so bad much of the grid had to come to a stop from lack of visibility. Stuck led for two laps until his engine lost power. Varzi and Brilli-Peri passed him and within three laps had lapped the field. As other drivers had their problems, the two Alfas kept their lead and when Varzi stopped to refuel at half distance, Brilli-Peri took over. He finally came in for his stop with only two of the thirty laps to go. Despite only a thirty-second pitstop, he emerged just behind his teammate. Varzi pulled away to win by 45 seconds, with Divo's Bugatti finishing over ten minutes back in third.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
Once again the Indianapolis 500 was dominated by the supercharged Miller engines, powering over 80% of the starters. Defending champion Louis Meyer, Cliff Bergere and Lou Moore ran Millers. Former winner Pete DePaolo, Cliff Woodbury and Billy Arnold were in the Boyle Valve team Millers. George Stewart (racing under his pseudonym “Leon Duray”), with his team sponsored by Packard Cable, had Ralph Hepburn and Tony Gulotta alongside him. Up against them were only four Duesenbergs, with three of them (Jimmy Gleason, Freddie Winnai and Bill Spence) run by the works team. Earl Cooper had three of his front-wheel drive cars with Miller engines, with Russ Snowberger leading the team. Additional interest was generated with the entry of two French cars: Grand prix winner Louis Chiron ran a 1.5-litre supercharged Delage while Jules Moriceau had an Amilcar.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
Once again, the front-wheel drive Millers proved very fast in practice, taking four of the top-five spots in qualifying with Cliff Woodbury claiming pole position and Leon Duray and Ralph Hepburn joining him on the front row. From the start Duray took the lead. On the fourth lap, Woodbury's right rear wheel broke spinning him round and sending him backward into the wall. Woodbury was uninjured and was able to get back to the pits to act as a relief driver later in the race. On the eighth lap Deacon Litz, running third, found his handbrake broken.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
Diving to the infield to avoid hitting the leaders, he regained control and instead was able to overtake them to go into the lead. On the tenth lap Bill Spence hit the wall hard at turn two. The car rolled several times, throwing Spence out. He was taken to hospital with a fractured skull but died en route. His was the first fatal accident in the race for ten years. Litz held the lead until lap 56 when, in his words, “something the size of a brick” exploded out the side of his engine.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
This moved Moore up into the lead followed by Meyer, Duray, Keech and Arnold. But after Duray's car (driven by Hepburn) retired with engine problems, at one-third distance seven of the top ten qualifiers had retired. Moore and Meyer swapped the lead until lap 93, when Moore pitted and was relieved by Barney Kleopfer. Meyer, Keech and Kleopfer stayed in close contact through the second half of the race. Meyer came in from the lead for his final stop on lap 157 but the car stalled.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
Once he had finally got going again he had slipped to third, four laps down. With ten laps to go, Kloepfer's car started running rough and losing oil. He pitted with just two laps, Moore got back in to nurse it to the finish but only made it to turn two before being stopped with a broken connecting rod. Keech cruised on to a comfortable victory, with Meyer taking second place six minutes behind, while Jimmy Gleason came home in third for Duesenberg twelve minutes (8 laps) later. Chiron lasted the distance but finished over half an hour behind Keech in 7th.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, Indianapolis
The first two cars has both formerly been raced by Frank Lockhart, who had died in 1928. Keech's Miller was now owned by Maude Yagle, to date the only female team-owner to win the race. Sadly, he would not be able to savour his new fame and celebrity, as he died just a fortnight later at the Altoona Speedway, the last of the board-tracks. He was killed instantly when his car hit track debris, rolled and burst into flames. Louis Meyer was one of only two drivers to compete in all five events of the 1929 AAA series. With two wins and four top-5 finishes, his consistency made him the AAA's first back-to-back champion.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
Bugattis were definitely in the minority at the Circuito del Mugello. Ten Alfa Romeo 6Cs started, including Varzi, Campari, Ferrari and Nuvolari (swapping out his Bugatti). They took on five Maseratis (including the works team) and five Bugattis. The OM works team was present with cars for Archimede Rosa and Giuseppe Morandi. Brilli-Peri was the sole representative of the Scuderia Materassi but on the long straights, his Talbot was powerful enough to take a flag-to-flag victory. Stuck had been challenging hard in his Austro-Daimler until he crashed spectacularly. Unsighted by dust his car hit the post of a narrow bridge. Thrown out of the car, he landed below on the stones of a dry river bed, fortunately only suffering mild back injuries. Morandi and his OM finished second, over eight minutes behind the Talbot. First Alfa home, in third, was the unheralded Enrico Benini, driving reliably and consistently.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
Bugatti made a stronger effort for their home Grand Prix in France. In the works cars, Divo, Williams and Conelli had the 2.3-litre Type 35B. They were against two works Peugeot 174 4-litre sports cars driven by André Boillot and Guy Bouriat. Robert Sénéchal was the best of four Bugatti privateers and there were also two old Ballots rounding out the field of eleven. The race was 37 laps of the current Le Mans circuit, and it was one of only two races run on the AIACR fuel-economy formula.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
On the Saturday, the cars were filled with a precisely weighed amount of petrol, and the tanks sealed overnight. The next day the cars were lined up diagonally and started together. Boillot led at the end of the first lap, however his Peugeot teammate was stranded out on the circuit with a faulty magneto and it would take him an hour to get back to the pits. Boillot was hounded by the Bugattis, with Williams, Conelli, Sénéchal and Divo making up the top five.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
Williams caught and passed the Peugeot on the sixth lap, setting the fastest lap of the race in the process. The two continued to swap the lead until Boillot had to pit on lap 12 to fix a loose ignition wire, losing ground. At the halfway point, Williams had a 2-minute lead over Boillot and Conelli, with Divo now in fourth a further two minutes back. The second half of the race was more routine with scattered light showers dropping race speeds and limiting competitive driving. Williams won by a minute, while Boillot held on to second from a fast-finishing Conelli only eight seconds behind.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
The Coppa Ciano was northern Italy's equivalent to the Targa Florio, run on the mountainous Montenero circuit near Livorno. As the next round of the Italian Championship, most of the major drivers were entered. Nuvolari and Brilli-Peri were brought into the Alfa Corse works team, leaving Arcangeli to run the Materassi Talbot. Given some of the narrowness of the road, cars were flagged off at 30-second intervals for the 10-lap race, led by the voiturettes. Although Maserati was the first over-1100cc car to arrive, it was Varzi who narrowly led from Brilli-Peri on elapsed time.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
Their duel continued, with the lead swapping back and forth with only seconds between them. Nuvolari was thirty seconds back in third just ahead of Biondetti's Bugatti. Varzi kept pressing building a lead and the race was decided on the eighth lap when Brilli-Peri had to pit and lost two places. This left Varzi to ease off and take the win, with Nuvolari and Campari giving Alfa Romeo a 1-2-3 result.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
In Spain, the field for the San Sebastián Grand Prix was filled with Bugattis Type 35Bs and Cs, except for the single Alfa Romeo belonging to Luigi Platé. Many of the top French drivers were present including Louis Chiron (back from America), Philippe de Rothschild, Guy Bouriat, René Dreyfus, Philippe Étancelin and Marcel Lehoux. Running to the AIACR fuel-formula, fourteen cars started in the rain. Chiron, having recently won the German GP (for sports cars), had pole position but it was “Philippe” who took the lead, just ahead of Chilean Juan Zanelli.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
Barely into the second lap, heavy rain arrived, making driving treacherous. Zanelli passed de Rothschild on the third lap. When it eased off on the fifth lap, the lead swapped again. Zanelli retired on lap 9 with steering issues leaving “Philippe” with a 3-minute advantage over Chiron, Étancelin and Dreyfus. By lap 14 the sun was back out but Chiron lost five minutes limping back to the pits with a burst tyre. Despite a second puncture, Chiron's hard driving got him back up to second by lap 18.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, June to August
The leading two pitted at the halfway point (lap 20) for fuel and tyres. De Rothschild handed over to Bouriat who had retired his car, while Étancelin and Lehoux, now up to fourth, were the last cars on the lead lap. Having nursed his car earlier in the race, Chiron was able to push harder and take the lead. On lap 30 the rain returned but Chiron had a 4-minute lead over Bouriat. Étancelin spun on the slippery roads and had to retire while Lehoux and Dreyfus were a lap down. Even though Chiron had another puncture before the end of the race, his lead was such that he still won by almost six minutes.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
After the tragic Italian Grand Prix in 1928 the race was not held this year as the circuit underwent an upgrade. In lieu of it, the Monza Grand Prix was held for the Italian Championship, just using the oval course. It was staged as a series of three 99 km heats leading onto a final of the same 22-lap length. With total prizemoney of 450,000 lire, it attracted the best diversity of cars for the season. In the 1500cc class were the Talbots of Scuderia Materassi, driven by Arcangeli and Nuvolari.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
As well as several privateer Maseratis there were two purple Miller 91 FDs brought over from America by “Leon Duray”. They would be raced by himself and former Delage driver, Edmond Bourlier. Earlier, he had gone to Montlhéry to set speed records, getting to 230 km/h in a flying kilometre. The 3-litre class featured the works teams Varzi and Brilli-Peri in the Alfa Romeo P2 and Borzacchini in the Maserati 26B. Privateer Bugattis were raced by Foresti, Biondetti and Zanelli. Bourlier's Miller was slightly bored out to 1558cc to instead race in the 3-litre category.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
The over-3-litre class had Alfieri Maserati presenting the debut of the new Maserati V4 with its twin 8-cylinder engine. Its competition was three Mercedes-Benz. Swiss-Italian Fritz Caflisch had an S-model, while the Daimler-Benz works team sent August Momberger in an SSK tourer and Adolf Rosenberger in a 1921 Targa Florio model, with its venerable 1914 4.5-litre Mercedes engine, now supercharged.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
An immense crowd arrived on a very hot autumn day. In the first heat, in the familiar territory of a banked oval, Duray was very competitive against the Talbots. But despite setting the fastest lap of the heat, damaged engine bearing forced his retirement. Instead he took Bourlier's place in the second heat, which started badly for Varzi who had to stop after one lap to secure his radiator cap that had been left open. Brilli Peri, in the other Alfa Romeo, was controlling the race ahead of Borzacchini, Biondetti and Duray.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
But once again, Duray's second car was sidelined with engine issues – possibly due to the lack of its specialist oil lubrication. Varzi had fought back to third and that was how they finished with the three qualifiers being Brilli Peri, Borzacchini and Varzi. With only four starters, the third heat was more pedestrian. Rosenberger retired on lap 4 with spark plug issues. Maserati had steadily built a 20-second lead by halfway then, knowing he would qualify, eased off to be pipped at the line by Momberger's Mercedes.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
Although not deliberate, it angered many locals who thought he had thrown the race, having bet on him with the on-site bookies. After a 2-hour luncheon break, the nine finalists came to the grid, lined up in two rows, 5 by 4. From the start Varzi took the lead but Maserati charged hard and took the lead on the second lap. Borzacchini, Arcangeli and Brilli-Peri filled out the top-five positions and running within six seconds of the leader in a slip-streaming battle.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
The two Mercedes sports cars lumbered around, soon finding the pace too rough, as did Amedeo Ruggeri in his 1.5-litre Maserati. Borzacchini and Brilli-Peri had to pit to change tyres then on lap 11, at halfway, Maserati headed also head for the pits to change spark-plugs. This left only the Talbots of Arcangeli and Nuvolari on the same lap as Varzi, albeit 30 seconds behind. Varzi had a trouble-free race and took an easy victory. A broken ignition wire forced Arcangeli to retire with two laps to go. Nuvolari came second a lap behind, while Momberger also avoided issues to take third.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
Varzi's fourth victory made him Italian champion for the year. A fortnight later on the long straights to the east of Cremona, Borzacchini took the Maserati V4 and set a record on the 10 km trial, with an average speed of 246 km/h, 20 km/h faster than Brilli-Peri in the Alfa P2. However, the latter got his revenge winning the season-ending race at Tunis before selling the car back to the Alfa factory.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
At the end of the year, “Leon Duray” arranged with Jean Bugatti to swap his two front-wheel-drive Millers for three 2.3-litre Type 43 sports cars. Bugatti saw great potential for his father in evaluating the American cars and their advanced twin-overhead-cam engine. It would lead directly to the development of the Bugatti Type 51. The October Wall Street Crash would cast a shadow over racing as manufacturers retrenched, or collapsed altogether. Most of the American wooden speedways had closed, their boards rotting.


1929 Grand Prix season, Season review, End of the season
One of the major casualties would be Harry Miller – each car took 6500 working hours to build and cost US$15000. However, others saw an opportunity. Enzo Ferrari had seen the vacillation of Alfa Romeo to run a full works team, as well as the ongoing example of Scuderia Materassi, decided in September to set up his own privateer team. In December, the 31-year old experienced Alfa Romeo driver was given the works backing to represent the Italian marque and another legend had started.


1929 Grand Prix season, Results of the season's major races
italics show the driver of the race's fastest lap. Only those drivers with a best finish of 6th or better are shown. Sources:


1929 Greek Senate election
Senate elections were held in Greece on 21 April 1929. The Senate was a new institution introduced with the Greek Constitution of 1927 and these were the first elections for it. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 64 of the 92 seats. It was regarded as a public approval of the policies of Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos.