1929 Northern Rhodesian general election, Results
In Livingstone Leopold Moore and Frank Lowe, who were opposed to amalgamation with Southern Rhodesia, were elected, defeating pro-amalgamation Labour Party candidates. Chad Norris, elected in Northern claimed he was not yet in favour of a merger, whilst the rural Midland and Southern constituencies returned the leading proponent of amalgamation and one opponent of the concept unopposed. Kennedy Harris, elected in Ndola was undecided on the issue, whilst Eastern member Herbert Goodhart was in favour of his region becoming part of Nyasaland. The overall results gave one member in favour, one "lukewarm" to the idea of amalgamation, three opposed and two neutral.


1929 Northern Rhodesian general election, Aftermath
The newly elected council held its first meeting on 8 November.


1929 Northwestern Wildcats football team
The 1929 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1929 college football season. In their third year under head coach Dick Hanley, the Wildcats compiled a 6–3 record (3–2 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and finished in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference.


1929 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1929 Norwegian Football Cup was the 28th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Stavanger Stadion in Stavanger on 20 October 1929, and was contested by the defending champions Ørn and Sarpsborg, who had last won the tournament in 1917. Sarpsborg won the final 2-1 after extra time, and secured their second Norwegian Cup championship.


1929 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The 1929 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1929 college football season. Led by twelfth-year head coach Knute Rockne, the independent Irish won all nine games and outscored its opponents 145 to 38, with four shutouts.


1929 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
When Rockne fell ill, Tom Lieb became de facto head coach. Notre Dame was selected as the national champion by Billingsley Report, Boand System, Dickinson System, Dunkel System, College Football Researchers Association, Helms Athletic Foundation, National Championship Foundation, Poling System, and Jeff Sagarin's ELO-Chess system.


1929 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
The three home games this season were played at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois. On campus, Cartier Field was razed and the new Notre Dame Stadium opened the following season in 1930.


1929 Nova Scotia Government Control of Liquor referendum
A plebiscite on Nova Scotia's prohibition of alcohol sales was held on October 31, 1929. Voters authorized the repeal of the Nova Scotia Temperance Act. This result opened the door to sales of alcohol in a government monopoly of liquor outlets and created the Nova Scotia Liquor Commission on May 1, 1930.


1929 Nova Scotia Government Control of Liquor referendum, Background
In August 1927, Premier Edgar Nelson Rhodes stated “Prohibition by statute in my judgement is on all fours with the attitude of the Russian Soviets who believe in rule by force rather than rule by reason”. However, he did not schedule a plebiscite at that time. The provincial election of 1928 resulted in the Conservatives losing their majority of 37 seats and receiving a smaller majority of 3 seats. Two major issues in the campaign were prohibition and old age pensions. After the election, the Royal Commission presented a report which recommended government control of liquor sales as a possible source of revenue for old age pensions. Premier Rhodes then scheduled a plebiscite.


1929 Nova Scotia Government Control of Liquor referendum, Results
Government control won a decisive victory in the plebiscite, 87,647 to 58,082. It received a majority in every county but six. Only the rural counties of Annapolis, Colchester, Hants, Kings, Queens and Shelburne voted in favour of continuing prohibition.


1929 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team
The 1929 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team represented Oglethorpe University as member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1929 college football season. The highlight of the season was the victory over Georgia.


1929 Ohio Bobcats football team
The 1929 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University as a member of the Buckeye Athletic Association (BAA) during the 1929 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Don Peden, the Bobcats compiled a perfect 9–0 record, won the Buckeye Athletic Association championship, shut out seven of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 306 to 13.


1929 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1929 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1929 college football season. In Sam Willaman's first season as head coach, the Buckeyes beat Michigan. The Buckeyes compiled a 4–3–1 record while outscoring opponents 95–69.


1929 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team
The 1929 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1929 college football season. This was the 29th year of football at A&M and the first under Pappy Waldorf. The Cowboys played their home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 4–3–2, 1–1–0 in the Missouri Valley Conference.


1929 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 1929 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1929 college football season. In their third year under head coach Adrian Lindsey, the Sooners compiled a 3–3–2 record (2–2–1 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the Big Six Conference, and matched their opponents in scoring with a combined total of 81 to 81.


1929 Oklahoma Sooners football team
No Sooners received All-America honors in 1929, though back Frank Crider received all-conference honors.


1929 Ole Miss Rebels football team
The 1929 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1929 Southern Conference football season. The season's only victory was over Loyola.


1929 Ontario general election
The 1929 Ontario general election was the 18th general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on October 30, 1929, to elect the 112 Members of the 18th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").


1929 Ontario general election
The Ontario Conservative Party, led by George Howard Ferguson, was elected for a third consecutive term in government with an increased majority in the Legislature.


1929 Ontario general election
The Ontario Liberal Party, led by W.E.N. Sinclair, lost one seat, but continued to form the official opposition.


1929 Ontario general election
Conservative gains came at the expense of the Progressive Party and the United Farmers of Ontario.


1929 Ontario general election
Earl Hutchinson of Kenora is the sole Labour MLA elected.


1929 Open Championship
The 1929 Open Championship was the 64th Open Championship, held 8–10 May at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Walter Hagen successfully defended his 1928 title, six strokes ahead of runner-up Johnny Farrell. It was Hagen's fourth win at the Open and his eleventh and final major title.


1929 Open Championship
Qualifying was held 6–7 May, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at Muirfield and 18 holes at the number 1 course Gullane, and the top 100 and ties qualified. Leo Diegel led the field with 144; the qualifying score was 162 and 109 players advanced.


1929 Open Championship
Percy Alliss held the lead after the first round with a 69, while Leo Diegel matched that score in the second round to take the 36-hole lead. After a first-round 75, defending champion Hagen recorded an Open Championship record 67 in the second round on Thursday and was two back of Diegel. There was a change in the cut rule; players needed to be within fourteen strokes of the leader after 36 holes, but there was to be a minimum of sixty left in the field. The cut was at 157 (+17) and 64 advanced.


1929 Open Championship
Windy conditions on Friday caused scores to soar over the final two rounds. Diegel shot 82 in the morning, with Alliss and Abe Mitchell at 76 and 78, respectively. Hagen finished with two rounds of 75 for 292. Diegel was a shot behind runner-up Farrell in third place, while Alliss and Mitchell shared fourth at 300.


1929 Open Championship
Hagen, age 36, played the tournament just twice more, in 1933 and 1937, both following Ryder Cup matches in England. Six-time champion Harry Vardon, age 59, qualified for the Open for the final time and missed the cut by three strokes. Similar to 1928, this Open was played earlier than usual, in early May.


1929 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round
Amateurs: Perkins (+32), MacKenzie (+33),  Tolley (+33), Von Elm (+38)


1929 Orange Tornadoes season
The 1929 Orange Tornadoes season was their first in the league. The team went 3–5–4, finishing seventh in the league.


1929 Orange Tornadoes season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1929 Oregon State Aggies football team
The 1929 Oregon State Aggies football team represented Oregon State University in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1929 college football season. In their sixth season under head coach Paul J. Schissler, the Beavers compiled a 5–4 record (1–4 against PCC opponents), finished in a tie for seventh place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 182 to 106. Under coach Schissler, from 1925 to 1932, no team captains were elected. The team played its home games at Bell Field in Corvallis, Oregon.


1929 Oregon Webfoots football team
The 1929 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the 1929 college football season. It was the Webfoots' 36th overall and 14th season as a member of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). The team was led by head coach John McEwan, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Hayward Field in Eugene and at Multnomah Field in Portland, Oregon. They finished the season with a record of seven wins, three losses (7–3 overall, 4–1 in the PCC).


1929 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo)
1929 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo) was the 23rd water polo championship in Hungary. There were nine teams who played one round match for the title. It was the first time when teams from outside Budapest also participated in the championship. From this season it is called National Championship.


1929 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), Final list
* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point


1929 Országos Bajnokság I (men's water polo), 2. Class
1. MUE 8, 2. Tatabányai SC 6, 3. Orosházi TK 4, 4. BSE 0(2), 5. Tatatóvárosi AC 0 pont. Penalty pointas are in brackets.


1929 Ottawa Senators (CFL) season
The 1929 Ottawa Senators finished in 4th place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 0–6 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.


1929 Ottawa municipal election
The city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 2, 1929 to elect members of the 1930 Ottawa City Council.


1929 Ottawa municipal election, Ottawa Board of Control
All three incumbent controllers were re-elected. Businessman John J. Allen was the only newcomer elected.


1929 Ottawa municipal election, Ottawa City Council
All incumbent alderman who ran were re-elected. Two new wards were created for this election, Elmdale in the city's west end, and Riverdale in the city's south. The incumbent aldermen from Dalhousie both ran in Elmdale. One of the incumbent aldermen from Capital Ward (George Pushman) ran in Riverdale.


1929 Ottawa sewer explosion
On May 29, 1929, a series of explosions in the sewers of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, killed one person.


1929 Ottawa sewer explosion
The first blast occurred just after noon in the Golden Triangle area, west of the canal; over the next 25 minutes, a series of explosions traveled the length of the main line of the sewer system. The explosions first moved east under the canal and then moved through Sandy Hill under Somerset Street. After passing under the Rideau River, they followed the line as it turned north through what is today Vanier, before going through New Edinburgh to the point where the sewer system emptied into the Ottawa River.


1929 Ottawa sewer explosion
The blasts were fairly small, except when manhole covers were involved. At these points, the access to oxygen fueled towering flames that erupted through the manhole covers onto city streets. The covers themselves were blown high into the air.


1929 Ottawa sewer explosion
Most of the damage from the sewer explosions occurred where sewage lines were attached to less sturdy pipes inside houses; blasts destroyed the plumbing in many residential basements. Besides property damage, the explosions caused one death and many injuries.


1929 Ottawa sewer explosion
The cause of the explosions was never definitively determined. Methane naturally occurs in sewers, but it never accumulates in a concentration powerful enough to cause explosions of the magnitude seen in Ottawa. The Ottawa Gas Company vehemently insisted that the disaster could not have been caused by its lines.


1929 Ottawa sewer explosion
It is now thought that the fuel stations and mechanic shops in the city—new since the introduction of the automobile—contributed to the calamity. While these shops were required by law to dispose of all waste oils in a safe manner, there were no inspections; dumping waste into the sewage system was commonplace. In combination with problems in the sewer system's design, this pollution likely caused the 1929 blasts.


1929 PGA Championship
The 1929 PGA Championship was the 12th PGA Championship, held December 2–7 at Hillcrest Country Club in Los Angeles, California. Then a match play championship, defending champion Leo Diegel defeated Johnny Farrell 6 & 4 in the finals to win the second of his two major titles.


1929 PGA Championship
Like the year before, Diegel defeated both Walter Hagen and Gene Sarazen on his way to the title; this year he won 3 & 2 over both, Sarazen in the quarterfinals and Hagen in the semifinals.


1929 PGA Championship
Prior to his loss to Diegel in the semifinals, five-time champion Hagen was 35–2 (.946) in match play at the PGA Championship in the 1920s, losing only to Sarazen in 38 holes in the 1923 finals, and Diegel 2 & 1 in the 1928 quarterfinals. Hagen's victory over Tony Manero in the 1929 quarterfinals was his last match win at the PGA Championship until 1940; he was winless in the 1930s with five first round losses.


1929 PGA Championship
This was the first major championship played in the western United States; it was originally scheduled to be played in Santa Barbara. The PGA Championship returned to the west a dozen years later in 1941 in Colorado.


1929 PGA Championship
In the Cheviot Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, Hillcrest later hosted the Los Angeles Open on the PGA Tour in 1932 and 1942, the latter won by Ben Hogan in an 18-hole playoff.


1929 PGA Championship, Format
The match play format at the PGA Championship in 1929 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in six days:


1929 Pacific Tigers football team
The 1929 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific (COP) during the 1929 college football season.


1929 Pacific Tigers football team
COP competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The team was led by ninth-year head coach Erwin Righter, and played home games at Baxter Stadium in Stockton, California. The team finished with three wins, four losses and one tie (3–4–1, 1–3–1 FWC). Overall, the Tigers were outscored by their opponents 67–88 for the season.


1929 Pacific hurricane season
The 1929 Pacific hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1929. Before the satellite age started in the 1960s, data on east Pacific hurricanes was extremely unreliable. Most east Pacific storms were of no threat to land.


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
A "tropical hurricane" made a clockwise loop near Johnston Island between March 20 and 24.


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Two
A tropical cyclone existed from May 29 to June 1. Starting from a location southwest of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, it traveled west-northwestward not far off the Mexican shore. A ship recorded its lowest known pressure of 29.21 inHg (98.9 kPa).


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Three
A cyclone existed southwest of Acapulco on June 16 and 17. It produced gales, and a ship reported a pressure reading of 29.66 inHg (100.4 kPa).


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
On August 2, a tropical cyclone formed near the Mexican coast. It eventually became a hurricane, and was last seen on August 6. The lowest pressure reported in association with this system was 28.80 inHg (97.5 kPa).


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Possible Tropical Cyclone Five
On August 21 and 22, a ship encountered a possible tropical cyclone at a location far from land and almost in the central Pacific basin. The lowest pressure reported by a ship was 29.42 inHg (99.6 kPa).


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Six
On August 28, this cyclone moved along the coast, and passed over the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula around August 31.


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
On September 10, a tropical cyclone formed in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. It moved along the coast, and was a hurricane by September 13. It moved along the Pacific side of the Baja California Peninsula, and became a remnant off its northern coast on September 16. Its remnants subsequently moved inland, and dissipated around September 18. The lowest pressure measured in association with this tropical cyclone was 28.28 inHg (95.8 kPa).


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
This tropical cyclone inflicted gale or hurricane-force winds along parts of the coast of Mexico, including Manzanillo, Acapulco, and Mazatlán. On September 18, its remnants caused rain of up to 4 inches (100 mm) in mountainous parts of Southern California. An unseasonal warming was also attributed to this cyclone. It was also responsible for the strongest September winds ever recorded in San Diego up to that time.


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Seven
Somewhere between Manzanillo and Acapulco, a tropical cyclone might have existed on September 19.


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Nine
On September 23, a tropical cyclone was located southeast of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. It was last observed the next day. A ship reported a pressure of 29.56 inHg (100.1 kPa).


1929 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Other systems
In March 20 until March 22, there is a cyclone of "near tropical in nature" west of Hawaiian Islands, and with pressures as low as 29.18 inHg (98.8 kPa). It is unknown whether that cyclone is a tropical cyclone or subtropical cyclone.


1929 Palestine Cup
The 1929 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הא"י, HaGavi'a HaEretz-Israeli) was the second season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition. The joint-winners of the previous competition were Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem.


1929 Palestine Cup
Maccabi Tel Aviv won the cup, beating Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem 4–0 in the final, which was held on Maccabi Petah Tikva ground.


1929 Palestine Cup
For the first (and penultimate) time, teams were allowed to enter reserve teams into the competition. However, only Maccabi Tel Aviv took advantage of this, and its B "Nordia" team reached the quarter-finals, before falling to Maccabi Zikhron Ya'akov after a replay.


1929 Palestine Cup, Results, First Round
The draw for the first and the second rounds was held in mid-November 1928. The matches were supposed to be played on 1 December 1928, however, the match between Maccabi Tel Aviv and PGH was postponed to 15 December 1928, and was played on Hapoel Tel Aviv ground.


1929 Palestine Cup, Results, Second Round
Second round matches started on 5 January 1929 with Maccabi Tel Aviv narrowly beating a Royal Air Force team of the 14th squadron, stationed in Amman and the previous year's cup final winner (and cup joint-holders) Hapoel Tel Aviv surprisingly losing to a British military team from the Royal Corps of Signals, stationed in Sarafand in Extra time. Hapoel Tel Aviv appealed the result, claiming that according to the competition rules the match shouldn't have gone to extra time, but to a replay, however, the appeal was rejected and Hapoel's elimination was confirmed. The tie between the Arab team St. George and Maccabi Petah Tikva went to a replay after a 3–3 draw in Petah Tikva. In Jerusalem the Arab team won 2–1 and progressed to the quarter-finals.


1929 Palestine Cup, Results, Quarter-finals
Matches were played on 2 February 1929, except for the match between Hapoel Haifa and Wireless Sarafand, which was postponed due to weather conditions and was played on 16 February 1929. The match between Maccabi "Nordia" Tel Aviv and Maccabi Zikhron Ya'akov went into a replay, which was played on 16 February 1929. The match was abandoned at the 65th minute due to the waterlogged pitch, with Maccabi Zikhron Ya'akov leading 2–1, and the result was confirmed as final.


1929 Palestine riots
The 1929 Palestine riots, Buraq Uprising (Arabic: ثورة البراق, Thawrat al-Buraq) or the Events of 1929 (Hebrew: מאורעות תרפ"ט, Meora'ot Tarpat, lit. Events of 5689 Anno Mundi), was a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 in which a longstanding dispute between Muslims and Jews over access to the Western Wall in Jerusalem escalated into violence.


1929 Palestine riots
The riots took the form, for the most part, of attacks by Arabs on Jews accompanied by destruction of Jewish property. During the week of riots, from 23 to 29 August, 133 Jews were killed by Arabs, and 339 Jews were injured, most of whom were unarmed. There were 116 Arabs killed and at least 232 wounded, mostly by the Mandate police suppressing the riots. Around 20 Arabs were killed by Jewish attackers and indiscriminate British gunfire. After the riots, 174 Arabs and 109 Jews were charged with murder or attempted murder; around 40% of Arabs and 3% of Jews were subsequently convicted. During the riots, 17 Jewish communities were evacuated.


1929 Palestine riots
The British-appointed Shaw Commission found that the fundamental cause of the violence, "without which in our opinion disturbances either would not have occurred or would not have been little more than a local riot, is the Arab feeling of animosity and hostility towards the Jews consequent upon the disappointment of their political and national aspirations and fear for their economic future", as well as Arab fears of Jewish immigrants "not only as a menace to their livelihood but as a possible overlord of the future.". With respect to the triggering of the riots, the Commission found that the incident that "contributed most to the outbreak was the Jewish demonstration at the Wailing Wall on 15 August 1929".


1929 Palestine riots
Avraham Sela described the riots as "unprecedented in the history of the Arab-Jewish conflict in Palestine, in duration, geographical scope and direct damage to life and property".


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Religious significance
The Western Wall is one of the holiest of Jewish sites, considered by Jews to be a remnant of the ancient Second Temple compound destroyed in 70 CE. The Jews, through the practice of centuries, had established a right of access to the Western Wall for the purposes of their devotions. As part of the Temple Mount the Western Wall was under the control of the Muslim religious trust, the Waqf. Muslims consider the wall to be part of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Islam, and according to Islamic tradition the place where Muhammad tied his horse, Buraq, before his night journey to heaven. There had been a few serious incidents resulting from these differences.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, 1925 ruling
As a result of an incident, which occurred in September 1925, a ruling was made which forbade the Jews to bring seats and benches to the Wall even though these were intended for worshippers who were aged and infirm. The Muslims linked any adaptions to the site with "the Zionist project," and feared that they would be the first step in turning the site into a synagogue and taking it over.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, 1925 ruling
Several months earlier Zionist leader Menachem Ussishkin gave a speech demanding "a Jewish state without compromises and without concessions, from Dan to Be'er Sheva, from the great sea to the desert, including Transjordan." He concluded, "Let us swear that the Jewish people will not rest and will not remain silent until its national home is built on our Mt Moriah," a reference to the Temple Mount.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, 1928 incident
In September 1928, Jews praying at the Wall on Yom Kippur placed chairs and a mechitza that looked like a simple room divider of cloth covering a few wooden frames to separate the men and women. Jerusalem's British commissioner Edward Keith-Roach, while visiting a Muslim religious court building overlooking the prayer area, mentioned to a constable that he had never seen it at the wall before, although the constable had seen it earlier that day and had not given it any attention.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, 1928 incident
The sheikhs hosting the commissioner immediately protested the screen on the grounds that it violated the Ottoman status quo forbidding Jews from bringing physical structures, even temporary furniture, into the area due to Muslim fears of Zionist expropriation of the site. The sheikhs disclaimed responsibility for what could happen if the screen was not taken down, and Keith-Roach told the Ashkenazic beadle to remove the screen because of the Arabs' demands. The beadle requested that the screen remained standing until the end of the prayer service, to which Keith-Roach agreed.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, 1928 incident
While the commissioner was visiting a synagogue, Attorney General Norman Bentwich had his request to keep the screen until after the fast rejected by the commissioner, who ordered the constable to ensure it was removed by morning. The constable feared the screen meant trouble, and had the commissioners order signed and officially stamped, speaking again with the beadle that evening. When the screen remained in the morning, the constable sent ten armed policemen to remove it. The policemen charged the small group near the screen and were urged by nearby Arab residents to attack the assembled Jews. Jewish worshipers who had gathered began to attack the policemen. The screen was eventually destroyed by the policemen. The constable had infuriated his superiors due to his use of excessive force without good judgement, but the British government later issued a statement defending his actions.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, 1928 incident
Although screens had been set up temporarily at the site before, and other prohibitions were ignored or relaxed at times, the violent confrontation over the latest screen would engender further violence. The internal politics of both sides were also willing to adopt extreme positions and make use of religious symbols to stir up popular support.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
Zionist literature published throughout the world used the imagery of a domed structure on the Temple Mount to symbolize their national aspirations. A Zionist flag was depicted atop of a building very reminiscent of the Dome of the Rock in one publication, which was later picked up and redistributed by Arab propagandists.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
Haj Amin al Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem distributed leaflets to Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Arab world which claimed that the Jews were planning to take over the al-Aqsa Mosque. The leaflet stated that the Government was "responsible for any consequences of any measures which the Moslems may adopt for the purpose of defending the holy Burak themselves in the event of the failure of the Government...to prevent any such intrusion on the part of the Jews."


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
A memorandum issued by the Moslem Supreme Council stated, "Having realized by bitter experience the unlimited greedy aspirations of the Jews in this respect, Moslems believe that the Jews' aim is to take possession of the Mosque of Al-Aqsa gradually on the pretence that it is the Temple," and it advised the Jews "to stop this hostile propaganda which will naturally engender a parallel action in the whole Moslem world, the responsibility for which will rest with the Jews."


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
The Shaw Commission stated that some sections of the Arabic Press had reproduced documents concerning the Wailing Wall which "were of a character likely to excite any susceptible readers." In addition, it stated that "there appeared in the Arabic Press a number of articles, which, had they been published in England or in other western countries, would unquestionably have been regarded as provocative." One consequence was that Jewish worshippers frequently were subjected to beatings and stoning.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
In October 1928, the Grand Mufti organised new construction next to and above the Wall. Mules were driven through the praying area often dropping excrement, and waste water was thrown on Jews. A muezzin was appointed to perform the Islamic call to prayer directly next to the Wall, creating noise exactly when the Jews were conducting their prayers. The Jews protested at these provocations and tensions increased.


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
Zionists began making demands for control over the wall; some went as far as to call openly for the rebuilding of the Temple, increasing Muslim fears over Zionist intentions. Ben-Gurion said the wall should be "redeemed," predicting it could be achieved in as little as "another half a year."


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
During the spring of 1929 the Revisionist newspaper edited by right-wing leader Ze'ev Jabotinsky, ran a long campaign claiming Jewish rights over the wall and its pavement, going as far as calling for "insubordination and violence," and pleading that Jews not stop protesting and demonstrating until the Wall is "restored to us."


1929 Palestine riots, Background, Subsequent events
On 6 August the British police force in Palestine established a police post beside the wall. On 14 August the Haganah and Brit Trumpeldor held a meeting in Tel Aviv attended by 6,000 people objecting to 1928 Commission's conclusion that the Wall was Muslim property.


1929 Palestine riots, March to the Western Wall and counter demonstrations, 14–15 August
Joseph Klausner who formed the Pro– Wailing Wall Committee helped organize several demonstrations, beginning on 14 August 1929 when 6,000 youths marched around the wall of the old city of Jerusalem.


1929 Palestine riots, March to the Western Wall and counter demonstrations, 14–15 August
On Thursday, 15 August, during the Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av, several hundred members of Klausner's right-wing group – described by Professor Michael J. Cohen as "brawny youths with staves" – marched to the Western Wall shouting "the Wall is ours," raised the Jewish national flag, sang Hatikvah (the Jewish anthem). The group included members of Vladimir Jabotinsky's Revisionist Zionism movement Betar youth organization, under the leadership of Jeremiah Halpern. Rumors circulated among the Arabs that the procession had attacked local residents and cursed the name of the Prophet Muhammad.


1929 Palestine riots, March to the Western Wall and counter demonstrations, 14–15 August
The Shaw report later concluded that the crowd was peaceful and allegations that the crowd were armed with iron bars were not correct, but that there may have been threatening cries made by some "undesirable elements" in the Jewish procession. Leaders of the Palestine Zionist Executive were reportedly alarmed by the activities of the Revisionists as well as "embarrassed" and fearful of an "accident" and had notified the authorities of the march in advance, who provided a heavy police escort in a bid to prevent any incidents.


1929 Palestine riots, March to the Western Wall and counter demonstrations, 14–15 August
On Friday, 16 August after a sermon, a demonstration organized by the Supreme Muslim Council marched to the Wall. The Acting High Commissioner summoned Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini and informed him that he had never heard of such a demonstration being held at the Wailing Wall, and that it would be a terrible shock to the Jews who regarded the Wall as a place of special sanctity to them. At the Wall, the crowd burnt prayer books, liturgical fixtures and notes of supplication left in the Wall's cracks, and the beadle was injured. The demonstrations spread to the Jewish commercial area of town.


1929 Palestine riots, March to the Western Wall and counter demonstrations, 14–15 August
Inflammatory articles calculated to incite disorder started to appear in the Arab media and one flyer, signed by "the Committee of the Holy Warriors in Palestine" stated that the Jews had violated the honor of Islam, and declared: "Hearts are in tumult because of these barbaric deeds, and the people began to break out in shouts of 'war, Jihad ... rebellion.' ... O Arab nation, the eyes of your brothers in Palestine are upon you ... and they awaken your religious feelings and national zealotry to rise up against the enemy who violated the honor of Islam and raped the women and murdered widows and babies."


1929 Palestine riots, March to the Western Wall and counter demonstrations, 14–15 August
On the same afternoon, the Jewish newspaper Doar HaYom – of which Jabotinsky was the editor – published an inflammatory leaflet describing the Muslim march, based partially on statements by Wolfgang von Weisl, which "in material particulars was incorrect" according to the Shaw report. On 18 August, Haaretz criticised Doar HaYom in an article entitled "He who Sows the Wind shall Reap the Whirlwind": "The poison of propaganda was dripping from its columns daily until it poisoned the atmosphere and brought about the Thursday demonstration....and this served as a pretext to the wild demonstration of the Arabs."


1929 Palestine riots, Escalation, 16–22 August
The next day an incident which "in its origin was of a personal nature" was sparked when a 17-year-old Sephardic Jew named Abraham Mizrachi was fatally stabbed by an Arab at the Maccabi grounds near Mea Shearim and the Bukharim quarter, on the outskirts of the village lands of Lifta, following a quarrel which began when he and his friends tried to retrieve their lost football from an Arab girl after it had rolled into an Arab-owned tomato field.


1929 Palestine riots, Escalation, 16–22 August
A Jewish crowd attacked and severely wounded the policeman who arrived to arrest the Arab responsible, and then attacked and burned neighbouring Arab tents and shacks erected by Lifta residents and wounded their occupants; the wounded included an Arab youth named 'Ali 'Abdallah Hasan who was chosen at random to be stabbed in retaliation.


1929 Palestine riots, Escalation, 16–22 August
Mizrachi died on 20 August and his funeral became the occasion for a serious anti-Arab demonstration. It was suppressed by the same force that had been employed in the initial incident. A late-night meeting initiated the following day by the Jewish leadership, at which acting high commissioner Harry Luke, Jamal al-Husayni, and Yitzhak Ben-Zvi were present, failed to produce a call for an end to the violence.


1929 Palestine riots, Escalation, 16–22 August
Over the following four days period, the Jerusalem police reported 12 separate attacks by Jews on Arabs and seven attacks by Arabs on Jews.


1929 Palestine riots, Escalation, 16–22 August
On 21 August, the Palestine Zionist Executive telegrammed the Zionist Organization describing the general excitement and the Arab fear of the Jews:


1929 Palestine riots, Escalation, 16–22 August
"Population again very excited and false alarms caused local panics in various quarters but no further incidents course of day. Arabs also excited and afraid Jews. Desirable insist with home Government need of serious measures assuring public security. We are issuing appeal to public keep calm, refrain from demonstrations, and observe discipline, but feel embarrassed by militant attitude. Doar Hayom and also part of youth influenced by Revisionist agitation. Can you speak to Revisionist leaders?"


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
The next Friday, 23 August, thousands of Arab villagers streamed into Jerusalem from the surrounding countryside to pray at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, many armed with sticks and knives. The gathering was prompted by rumors that the Zionists were going to march to the Temple Mount and claim ownership, as they had belligerently marched on the Western Wall demanding Jewish ownership 9 days earlier. Harry Luke requested reinforcements from Amman. Towards 09:30 Jewish storekeepers began closing shop and at 11:00, 20–30 gunshots were heard on the Temple Mount, apparently to work up the crowd.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
Luke telephoned the Mufti to come and calm a mob that had gathered under his window near the Damascus Gate, but the commissioner's impression was that the religious leader's presence was having the opposite effect. By midday friction had spread to the Jewish neighborhood of Mea She'arim where two or three Arabs were killed. The American consulate documented the event in detail, reported that the killings had taken place between 12:00 and 12:30. The Shaw report described the excited Arab crowds and that it was clear beyond all doubt that at 12:50 large sections of these crowds were bent on mischief if not on murder. At 13:15, the Arabs began a massacre of the Jews.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
Reacting to rumors that two Arabs had been murdered by Jews, Arabs started an attack on Jews in Jerusalem's Old City. The violence quickly spread to other parts of Palestine. The British authorities had fewer than a hundred soldiers, six armoured cars, and five or six aircraft in country; Palestine Police had 1,500 men, but the majority were Arab, with a small number of Jews and 175 British officers. While awaiting reinforcements, many untrained administration officials were required to attach themselves to the police, though the Jews among them were sent back to their offices.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
Several English theology students visiting from the University of Oxford were deputized. While a number of Jews were being killed at the Jaffa Gate, British policemen did not open fire. They reasoned that if they had shot into the Arab crowd, the mob would have turned their anger on the police.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
Yemin Moshe was one of the few Jewish neighbourhoods to return fire, but most of Jerusalem's Jews did not defend themselves. At the outbreak of the violence and again in the following days, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi demanded that weapons be handed to the Jews, but was both times refused. By 24 August, 17 Jews were killed in the Jerusalem area. The worst killings occurred in Hebron and Safed while others were killed in Motza, Kfar Uria, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. There were many isolated attacks on Jewish villages, and in six cases, villages were entirely destroyed, accompanied by looting and burning. In Haifa and Jaffa, the situation deteriorated and a police officer succeeded in warding off an attack on the quarter between Jaffa and Tel Aviv by firing on an Arab crowd.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
The administrative director of Haddasah hospital in Jerusalem sent a cable to New York describing the casualties and that Arabs were attacking several Jewish hospitals.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
According to the Shaw Report, the disturbances were not premeditated and did not occur simultaneously but spread from Jerusalem through a period of days to most outlying centres of population. The Shaw report found that the "outbreak in Jerusalem on 23 August was from the beginning an attack by Arabs on Jews for which no excuse in the form of earlier murders by Jews has been established."


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
Later on 23 August, the British authorities armed 41 Jewish special constables, 18 Jewish ex-soldiers and a further 60 Jews civilians were issued with staves to assist in the defense of Jewish quarters in Jerusalem. The following day, Arab notables issued a statement that "many rumours and reports of various kinds have spread to the effect that Government had enlisted and armed certain Jews, that they had enrolled Jewish ex-soldiers who had served in the Great War; and the Government forces were firing at Arabs exclusively."


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Jerusalem riots, 23 August
The Mufti of Jerusalem stated that there was a large crowd of excited Arabs in the Haram area who were also demanding arms, and that the excited crowd in the Haram area took the view that the retention of Jews as special constables carrying arms was a breach of faith by the Government. The Government initially denied the rumours, but by 27 August they were forced to disband and disarm the special constables.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August
On 20 August, Haganah leaders proposed to provide defence for 600 Jews of the Old Yishuv in Hebron, or to help them evacuate. However, the leaders of the Hebron community declined these offers, insisting that they trusted the A'yan (Arab notables) to protect them.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August
On 24 August 1929 in Hebron, Arab mobs attacked the Jewish quarter killing and raping men, women and children and looting Jewish property. They killed between 65 and 68 Jews and wounded 58, with some of the victims being tortured, or mutilated. Sir John Chancellor, the British High Commissioner visited Hebron and later wrote to his son, "The horror of it is beyond words. In one house I visited not less than twenty-five Jews men and women were murdered in cold blood." Sir Walter Shaw concluded in The Palestine Disturbances report that "unspeakable atrocities have occurred in Hebron.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August
The Shaw report described the attack, "Arabs in Hebron made a most ferocious attack on the Jewish ghetto and on isolated Jewish houses lying outside the crowded quarters of the town. More than 60 Jews – including many women and children – were murdered and more than 50 were wounded. This savage attack, of which no condemnation could be too severe, was accompanied by wanton destruction and looting.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August
Jewish synagogues were desecrated, a Jewish hospital, which had provided treatment for Arabs, was attacked and ransacked, and only the exceptional personal courage displayed by Mr. Cafferata – the one British Police Officer in the town – prevented the outbreak from developing into a general massacre of the Jews in Hebron."


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August
The lone British policeman in the town, Raymond Cafferata, who, "killed as many of the murderers as he could, taking to his fists even," was overwhelmed, and the reinforcements he called for did not arrive for 5 hours–leading to severe recriminations. Hundreds of Jews were saved by Arab neighbours who offered them sanctuary from the mob by hiding them in their own houses while others survived by taking refuge in the British police station at Beit Romano on the outskirts of the city. When the massacre ended, the surviving Jews were evacuated by the British.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August, Hebron yeshiva massacre
The Hebron Yeshiva, a branch of the famed Slobodka yeshiva, was also attacked during the riots. On Friday, 23 August, an Arab crowd gathered outside it and threw stones through the windows. Only two people were inside, a student and the sexton. The student was grabbed by the Arab crowd, who stabbed him to death; the sexton survived by hiding in a well. The next day, a crowd armed with staves and axes attacked and killed two Jewish boys, one stoned to death and the other stabbed.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August, Hebron yeshiva massacre
More than 70 Jews, including the Yeshiva students, sought refuge in the house of Eliezer Dan Slonim, the son of the Rabbi of Hebron, but were massacred by an Arab mob. Survivors and reporters recounted the carnage that occurred at the Slonim residence. Moses Harbater, an 18-year-old was stabbed and two of his fingers were severed. He described at a later trial of some Arab rioters how a fellow student had been mutilated and killed. Forty-two teachers and students were murdered at the yeshiva.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August, Hadassah hospital attack
The Hadassah Medical Organization operated an infirmary in Hebron. The Beit Hadassah clinic had three floors with the infirmary, the pharmacy and the synagogue on the top floor. Arab rioters destroyed the pharmacy and torched the synagogue and destroyed the Torah scrolls inside.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August, Jaffa massacre of ‘Awn family
Cases of Jews attacking Arabs and destroying their property were also noted by the Shaw Commission. In retaliation for Hebron and the killing of 4 Haganah men who thought Jews in an ethanol factory in Jaffa's Abu Kahir neighbourhood, already under British protection, required help. The Arabs assumed they were there to assault Arabs, and therefore killed them. On the 25 August, reports stated that  a group of Jews accompanied by a Jewish policeman, later asserted to be Simha Hinkis on the government payroll,  attacked the  home of Sheikh ‘Abd al-Chani ‘Awn (50), the imam of the neighbourhood mosque.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August, Jaffa massacre of ‘Awn family
On breaking in, according to the Arab account, they disemboweled him and killed six members of his family. His wife, nephew and  3 year old son were also mutilated by having their heads smashed in. A subsequent investigation stated 5 adults had been killed, but no children died: a five year old child had been shot, and a two-month old baby had been struck on the ear, temple and cheek with a blunt instrument. Both survived. A third child, the Sheikh's 9 year old son, survived untouched beneath his mother's body.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Hebron massacre, 24 August, Jaffa massacre of ‘Awn family
The husband of one of the women shot, present at the time, in hiding, later testified in court the killer had been a Jewish policeman, as did the material evidence and Hinkis was condemned to be hung, a sentence commuted on appeal, after the prosecutor was reportedly bribed, to 15 years on the grounds prior intent had not be established.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Desecration of the Nebi Akasha Mosque, 26 August
On 26 August, the Nebi Akasha Mosque in Jerusalem was attacked by a group of Jews. According to the Shaw Report, the mosque was a "sacred shrine of great antiquity held in much veneration by the Moslems." The mosque was badly damaged and the tombs of the prophets which it contained were desecrated.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Attack on Mishmar HaEmek
The kibbutz of Mishmar HaEmek was attacked on 26 August by an Arab mob, which was dispersed by the locals and British police. On the following day the British authorities ordered the kibbutz members to evacuate. On 28 August an Arab mob attacked the empty kibbutz again, burning its barn, uprooting trees and vandalizing its cemetery. The members of the Kibbutz returned on 7 September.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
In Safed on 29 August, 18 Jews were killed (some sources say 20) and 80 wounded. The attackers looted and set fire to houses and killed Jewish inhabitants. The main Jewish street was looted and burned.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
The members of the Commission of Inquiry visited the town on 1 November 1929. The Shaw report stated:


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
"At about 5:15 pm, on the 29th of August, Arab mobs attacked the Jewish ghetto in Safed...in the course of which some 45 Jews were killed or wounded, several Jewish houses and shops were set on fire, and there was a repetition of the wanton destruction which had been so prominent a feature of the attack at Hebron."


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
An eyewitness describing the pogrom that took place in Safed, perpetrated by Arabs from Safed and local villages, armed with weapons and kerosene tins. He observed mutilated and burned bodies of victims and the burnt body of a woman tied to a window. Several people were brutally killed. A schoolteacher, wife, and mother and a lawyer, were cut to pieces with knives and the attackers entered an orphanage and smashed children's heads and cut off their hands. Another victim was stabbed repeatedly and trampled to death.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
David Hacohen, a resident of Safed, described the carnage in his diary:


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
"We set out on Saturday morning. . . I could not believe my eyes. . . I met some of the town's Jewish elders, who fell on my neck weeping bitterly. We went down alleys and steps to the old town. Inside the houses I saw the mutilated and burned bodies of the victims of the massacre, and the burned body of a woman tied to the grille of a window. Going from house to house, I counted ten bodies that had not yet been collected. I saw the destruction and the signs of fire. Even in my grimmest thoughts I had not imagined that this was how I would find Safed where "calm prevailed."


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
The local Jews gave me a detailed description of how the tragedy had started. The pogrom began on the afternoon of Thursday, August 29, and was carried out by Arabs from Safed and from the nearby villages, armed with weapons and tins of kerosene. Advancing on the street of the Sefardi Jews from Kfar Meron and Ein Zeitim, they looted and set fire to houses, urging each other on to continue with the killing. They slaughtered the schoolteacher, Aphriat, together with his wife and mother, and cut the lawyer, Toledano, to pieces with their knives.


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
Bursting into the orphanages, they smashed the children's heads and cut off their hands. I myself saw the victims. Yitshak Mammon, a native of Safed who lived with an Arab family, was murdered with indescribable brutality: he was stabbed again and again, until his body became a bloody sieve, and then he was trampled to death. Throughout the whole pogrom the police did not fire a single shot."


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
A Scottish missionary working in Safed at the time stated:


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
"On Saturday August 24, there was a demonstration of Moslems along the road past the mission property. They came beating drums and breaking the windows of Jewish houses en route... On the afternoon of Thursday the 29th... one of our church members came running to tell us that 'all the Jews were being killed.'


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Safed massacre, 29 August
A few minutes later we heard women shrieking their 'jubilant refrain' from the Moslem quarter and saw men running with axes and bludgeons in their hands, urged on by women...we heard rifle and machine gun fire all around us...Wild Arabs had come up from the valley unexpectedly into the Jewish quarter and began at once a systematic slaughter of the Jews. Some escaped with injury only but 22 were killed outright in the town... The inhumanity of the attack was beyond conception. Women were gashed in the chest, babies were cut on the hands and feet, old people were killed and plundered."


1929 Palestine riots, Riots, Other areas
The British police had to open fire to prevent attacks in Nablus and Jaffa, and a lone police officer succeeded in warding off an attack on the quarter between Jaffa and Tel Aviv by firing on an Arab crowd.


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Deaths and injuries
According to the Shaw Report, during the week of riots from 23 to 29 August 116 Arabs and 133 Jews were killed and 232 Arabs and 198 Jews were injured and treated in hospital.


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Deaths and injuries
The Jewish casualty figures were provided by the Jewish authorities. The Arab casualty figures represented only those actually admitted to hospital and did not include "a considerable number of unrecorded casualties from rifle fire that occurred amongst Arabs."


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Deaths and injuries
Many of the 116 reported Arab deaths were as a result of police and military activities, although around 20 of the Arabs killed were not involved in attacks on Jews and were killed as a result of lynchings and revenge attacks by Jews or by indiscriminate gunfire by the British police. Prominent Arab figures in Palestine accused the Palestine police of exclusively firing at Arab rioters and not Jewish ones.


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Deaths and injuries
Most Jewish casualties resulted from Arab attacks, although the British authorities noted in the Shaw report that "possibly some of the Jewish casualties were caused by rifle fire by the police or military forces."


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Trials and convictions
The riots produced a large number of trials. According to the Attorney-General of Palestine, Norman Bentwich, the following numbers of persons were charged, with the numbers convicted in parentheses.


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Trials and convictions
Of those convicted of murder, 26 Arabs and 2 Jews were sentenced to death. The Arabs included 14 convicted for the massacre in Safed and 11 for the massacre in Hebron. The Jewish policeman  Hinkis convicted for the murder of five and wounding of two, was sentenced to death but on appeal this was commuted to 15 years imprisonment. Joseph Urphali was convicted by two separate trials, and lost his appeal twice, for the shooting of two Arabs from the roof of his Jaffa house, killing also an Arab who ran to succor the first man he shot.


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Trials and convictions
Some of the Arab convictions were overturned on appeal and all the remaining death sentences were commuted to terms of imprisonment by the High Commissioner except in the case of three Arabs. Atta Ahmed el Zeer, Mohammad Khaleel Jamjoum and Fuad Hassab el Hejazi were hanged on 17 June 1930.


1929 Palestine riots, Casualties, Trials and convictions
Collective fines were imposed on the Arabs of Hebron, Safed, and some villages. The fine on Hebron was 14,000 pounds. The fines collected, and an additional one hundred thousand pounds, were distributed to the victims, 90 percent of them Jews.


1929 Palestine riots, Aftermath
A few dozen Jewish families returned to Hebron in 1931 to reestablish the community, but all but one of them were evacuated from Hebron at the outset of the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine. The last family left in 1947.


1929 Palestine riots, Aftermath
The Arabs in the region, led by the Palestine Arab Congress, imposed a boycott on Jewish-owned businesses after the riots.


1929 Palestine riots, Historiography, Shaw Commission of Enquiry
A commission of enquiry, led by Sir Walter Shaw, took public evidence for several weeks. The main conclusions of the commission were as follows. [ Material not in brackets is verbatim.]


1929 Palestine riots, Historiography, Shaw Commission of Enquiry
The Commission recommended the government to reconsider its policies as to Jewish immigration and land sales to Jews, which led directly to the Hope Simpson Royal Commission in 1930.


1929 Palestine riots, Historiography, Shaw Commission of Enquiry
The Commission member Henry Snell signed the report but added a Note of Reservation. Although he was satisfied that the Mufti was not directly responsible for the violence or had connived at it, he believed the Mufti was aware of the nature of the anti-Zionist campaign and the danger of disturbances. He therefore attributed to the Mufti a greater share of the blame than the official report had. Snell also disagreed with the commission on matters of Jewish immigration and did not support restrictions on Jewish land purchases. Regarding the immediate causes of the outbreak, Snell agreed with the Commission's main findings.


1929 Palestine riots, Historiography, Hope Simpson Royal Commission, 1930
The commission was headed by Sir John Hope Simpson, and on 21 October 1930 it produced its report, dated 1 October 1930. The report recommended to limit the Jewish immigration because of the lack of agricultural land to support it.


1929 Palestine riots, Historiography, Role of Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in riots
Historians differ in assessing the role of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al-Husseini, in the riots. Some sources claim that al-Husseini actually incited the riots, others claim that al-Husseini took advantage of the crisis for the advancement of his own goals and still others claim that al-Husseini called for restraint.


1929 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1929 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.


1929 Paris–Roubaix
The 1929 Paris–Roubaix was the 30th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 31 March 1929 and stretched 260 km (162 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Charles Meunier from Belgium.


1929 Paris–Tours
The 1929 Paris–Tours was the 24th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 5 May 1929. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Nicolas Frantz.


1929 Parramatta state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Parramatta on 23 February 1929 following the death of Albert Bruntnell (Nationalist).


1929 Penn Quakers football team
The 1929 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In their seventh and last season under head coach Lou Young, the Quakers compiled a 7–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 116 to 68. The team played its home games at Franklin Field in Philadelphia.


1929 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1929 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1929 college football season. The team was coached by Hugo Bezdek and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1929 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team
The 1929 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team represented Pennsylvania State University during the 1929 season playing in the Intercollegiate Soccer League. It was the program's 19th season fielding a men's varsity soccer team. The 1929 season is William Jeffrey's fourth year at the helm.


1929 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team, Background
The 1929 season was the Nittany Lions' 19th season as a varsity soccer program, and their 4th season playing in the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association League. The team was led by fourth year head coach, William Jeffrey, who had previously served as the head coach for the semi-professional soccer team, Altoona Works.


1929 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team, Background
The Nittany Lions were crowned National Champions by the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association and won the Intercollegiate Soccer League. This was their second title win all time and second title under the tenure of William Jeffrey. The team was the only in the league to remain undefeated beating out Penn, Yale and Harvard for the title.


1929 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team, Background
Seven members of the 1929 Nittany Lion squad received All-American recognitions.


1929 Peruvian Primera División
The 1929 Primera División was the 14th season of top-flight Peruvian football. A total of 13 teams competed in this league, with Federación Universitaria winning its first league title. Alianza Lima was disqualified after 7 games; their record was deleted but they were admitted for 1930.


1929 Peruvian Primera División, Changes from 1928, Structural changes
The 1928 season was reduced from 19 to 13 teams and was played in a single league table instead of two. Thus, the championship group stage was removed. Two teams were relegated instead of eight.


1929 Peruvian Primera División, Changes from 1928, Promotion and Relegation
Santa Catalina, Lawn Tennis, Asociación Alianza, Alberto Secada, Jorge Washington, Alianza Callao, José Alaya and Unión were relegated by placing last in their respective groups. Sporting Tabaco and Hidroaviación were promoted in their place.


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1929 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing first in the American League with a record of 104 wins and 46 losses. After finishing in second place to the New York Yankees in 1927 and 1928, the club won the 1929 pennant by a large 18-game margin. The club went on to win the World Series over the NL champion Chicago Cubs, four games to one.


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
Led by longtime owner-manager Connie Mack, the Athletics dominated during the regular season. Mack had purchased quite a few players from the Baltimore Orioles minor league club, and many of them would contribute to the A's 1929–31 dynasty.


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
The most famous of these players was ace Lefty Grove. In 1929, Grove led the American League in ERA and strikeouts on his way to a 20–6 record. Big George Earnshaw was the number two pitcher on the squad. He led the league in wins (24) and was second in strikeouts. Led by these two, Philadelphia allowed the fewest runs of any AL team.


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
On the offensive side, the A's boasted Hall of Famers Mickey Cochrane, Jimmie Foxx, and Al Simmons. Simmons beat out Babe Ruth for the RBI crown in 1929.


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Awards and honors, More recent honors
Al Simmons and the 1929–1931 Athletics were the subject of an August 19, 1996, cover-story in Sports Illustrated with the teaser, "The Team that Time Forgot". Author William Nack wrote, "according to most old-timers who played in that era, the 1927 and '28 Yankees and the 1929 and '30 Athletics matched up so closely that they were nearly equal, with the A's given the nod in fielding and pitching and the Yankees in hitting."


1929 Philadelphia Athletics season, Awards and honors, More recent honors
On August 16, 2009, the Oakland Athletics celebrated the 80th anniversary of the 1929 team by wearing 1929 home uniforms against the Chicago White Sox. First pitches were thrown out by Kathleen Kelly, the granddaughter of Connie Mack, and Jim Conlin, the grandson of Jimmie Foxx. The A's won the game on a walk-off home run by Mark Ellis.


1929 Philadelphia Phillies season
The following lists the events of the 1929 Philadelphia Phillies season.


1929 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1929 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1929 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, coached by Jock Sutherland, represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1929 college football season. The Panthers finished the regular season undefeated and were considered the champions of the East, and by some, a national championship team. The Panthers concluded the season by traveling by train to California where they lost to USC in the Rose Bowl. Bowls at the time were still widely considered to be exhibition games.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
According to a 1967 Sports Illustrated article, football pioneer Parke H. Davis, whose “outstanding nationwide team” selections for 1869 to 1933 (all made in 1933) are recognized as "major" in the official NCAA football records book, named Pitt that season's national champion. The article contained a "list of college football's mythical champions as selected by every recognized authority  [sic] since 1924," which has served as the basis of the university's historical national championship claims, with Davis being the only selector of Pitt in 1929. The team is also recognized as a co-national champion in 1929 by College Football Data Warehouse, along with Notre Dame, the pick of nine major selectors.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
After five years as coach of the Panthers, Coach Sutherland's record was 32-9-5. The Athletic Council approved raising the player stipend from $500 to $650 a year, plus tuition and books, so he could continue to recruit top-notch talent.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Pitt and Carnegie Tech shared the use of Pitt Stadium from the 1929 season through the 1943 season. For $18.00 one could purchase a season ticket for all nine games scheduled at the stadium.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
James Hagan, former Pitt halfback, was appointed Assistant Director of Athletics and assumed his duties on February 4, 1929.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Dr. H. A. R. Shanor replaced team doctor Oliver Kendrick who resigned his position to set up practice in Duquesne.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Joseph Bower, a senior in the School of Business Administration, was chosen student manager of the 1929 football team.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
The outlook for the 1929 season was promising since only three starters (Alex Fox, Albert Guarino and Mike Getto) and four substitutes (James Scanlon, Ted Helsing, Ed Sherako and Philip Goldberg) had graduated. Coach Sutherland welcomed 75 aspirants to spring practice on March 21st and trained the squad for six weeks. The Pittsburgh Press noted: "Coach Sutherland is well satisfied with the results of the spring workouts and believes his squad will be strong offensively during the autumn campaign. Reserve strength, barring scholastic difficulties, should be plentiful."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Coach Sutherland invited 41 lads to the preseason drills at Camp Hamilton. A hospital and dispensary were now available on site. The camp lasted two and a half weeks with two practice sessions daily. The Panthers returned to Pittsburgh a week prior to the home opener with Waynesburg College "in as fine condition and with as brilliant prospects as any Pitt team has ever boasted."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
A tarp was purchased to cover the stadium gridiron and insure the playing surface would be in great condition regardless of the weather.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
The Panthers home opener was against Waynesburg College. The Panthers and the Yellow Jackets had not played in nineteen years. Pitt lost to the Yellow Jackets 14 to 5 in 1897, but the Panthers gained revenge in 1904 by the lopsided score of 83 to 0 and then with a 42 to 0 victory in 1910. Second-year coach Frank N. Wolf was looking to improve the Yellow Jackets record of 0-6 in 1928. The Jackets beat St. Vincent 19 to 6 to open their season.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Harry Keck of the Sun-Telegraph reported: "Under a warm sun and with only about 9,000 fans looking on, another powerful University of Pittsburgh football eleven made its bow at the Stadium Saturday afternoon, showing promise of great things in the games to come by the manner in which, with first, second and third-string men in action, it romped over the squad of Waynesburg College for eight touchdowns and an impressive 53-0 victory."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
The Panther offense established superiority early with two touchdowns in the opening period. Tom Parkinson and Josh Williams scored the touchdowns. The Panthers added three more touchdowns in the second stanza. William Walinchus and Parkinson scored on running plays. The third tally came on a pass from Parkinson to Joe Donchess, which Donchess caught while lying flat on the ground in the end zone. The halftime score read Pitt 33 to Waynesburg 0. The three touchdowns in the second half were scored by Parkinson, Walinchus and third-team halfback Fred Johnson. The extra points were done by committee as Parkinson and James Rooney each converted twice and Edward Baker once. Coach Sutherland substituted often and thirty-five Panthers saw action. Waynesburg finished the season with a 5-4 record.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
The Pitt lineup for the game against Waynesburg was Joe Donchess (left end), Charles Tully (left tackle), Ray Montgomery (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Albert DiMeolo (right guard), James MacMurdo (right tackle), William Loehr (right end), Charles Edwards (quarterback), Toby Uansa (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Tom Parkinson (fullback).


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Edward Baker, James Rooney, William Walinchus, Frank Hood, Joe Tommins, Jesse Quatse, Walter Milligan, Markley Barnes, Hart Morris, Vladimir Babic, Paul Collins, Al Ciper, Daniel Fuge, Robert Morris, Frank Fisher, Arthur Corson, Edward Schultz, Harry Wagner, Jack Kelly, Felix Wilps, Fred Johnson, James Clark and Walter Potter.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
The first road trip of the season took the Panthers to Durham, NC to both battle the Duke Blue Devil eleven and take part in the dedication of their new 35,000 seat stadium. This was Pitt's first trip to the "deep-south" for a football game. The train departed Pittsburgh Wednesday night and arrived in Washington D. C. on Thursday morning. David Finoli noted: "While in the nation's capital, the team got the chance to meet President Herbert Hoover and have their picture taken with him as they visited the White House.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
They would have the honor of being the first college football team to visit the White House in Hoover's tenure." Sightseeing and a luncheon were followed by practice on the Georgetown Field. Thursday night the squad was back on the train and arrived in Durham Friday morning. Friday's practice was held at the University of North Carolina stadium in Chapel Hill. For the dedication game, the team wore a special hot weather uniform of blue silk with gold trim across the shoulders, and blue helmets with gold crosspieces. The 70-piece Pitt marching band made the trip and took part in the festivities.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
Duke coach James DeHart, Pitt's first four-sport letterman, "is conceded to have one of the best teams ever developed in the South, and with football interest of the whole section focused on the big intersectional game at Durham, the Blue Devils will be primed for the Panthers." Coach DeHart was pessimistic when he spoke to The Pittsburgh Press: "We cannot hope to win. I only hope that Jock won't run it up too high on me." Henry Kistler, Duke captain and star tackle, was injured in the previous game against Mercer and was out of the lineup.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
The Pittsburgh Press noted: 'At Chapel Hill, where hostility to Duke runs high, the North Carolina boys were unanimous in declaring that the Panthers would triumph. They hoped it would be an overwhelming setback for the Durham lads, they said."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
The Panthers were healthy, but Coach Sutherland made two changes to the starting lineup - Edward Baker replaced Charles Edwards at quarterback and Paul Collins replaced William Loehr at end.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
The News and Observer reported: "Pitt's powerful Panthers performing perfectly more often than not, showed 20,000 football fans and stadium connoisseurs a great grid machine here today as they rolled up a 52 to 7 score against Duke's Blue Devil in the dedication game of this university's new stadium."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
The Duke defense could not stop Pitt's running attack. The Panthers received the opening kick-off and Toby Uansa raced from his 7-yard line to the Duke 45-yard line before he was downed. Six plays later Harold Williams sprinted the last 7 yards for the touchdown. The Pitt defense forced a punt and got possession on their 42-yard line. After gaining a first down, Williams scampered 40 yards around end for his second score of the game. Duke went to the air and advanced the ball to the Pitt 20-yard line, but lost the ball on downs.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
On second down Uansa dashed 78 yards for the third tally of the first quarter and Tom Parkinson converted the point after Pitt led 19 to 0. Early in the second quarter the Blue Devils advanced to the Pitt 24-yard line, but again lost the ball on downs. On first down Uansa took the handoff and rambled 76 yards for his second touchdown of the game. Parkinson converted the point after and Pitt led 26 to 0. Sutherland removed the starting lineup for the remainder of the game.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
James Rooney scored twice in the third quarter on runs of 58 and 45 yards and William Walinchus added a touchdown scamper of 47 yards. The Panthers also earned a safety in the period to bring the score to 46 to 0. Edward Schultz scored the final Pitt touchdown on a pass play from Frank Hood in the last quarter. Duke scored in the last minutes on a 53-yard pass play from Sam Buie to Robert Beaver. Buie kicked the point after and the final score read - Pitt 52 to Duke 7. Duke finished the season with a 4-6 record.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Duke
The Pitt lineup for the game against Duke was Joe Donchess (left end), Charles Tully (left tackle), Ray Montgomery (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Albert DiMeolo (right guard), James MacMurdo (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Toby Uansa (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Tom Parkinson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Charles Edwards, James Rooney,Edward Hirschberg, Vladimir Babic, Jesse Quatse, James Clark, Hart Morris, Markley Barnes, Walter Milligan, William Loehr, William Walinchus, Arthur Corson, Joe Tommins, Harry Wagner, Al Ciper, Felix Wilps, Herman Yentch, Edward Schultz, Frank Hood, Robert Morris and Ernest Lewis.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The 25th game against the Mountaineers of West Virginia was the first "feature" game of the season at the stadium. Fifth year coach Ira Rogers' eleven was 1-1-1 after winning their opener against West Virginia Wesleyan 16-0, losing to Davis & Elkins 13-6 and then tying Duquesne 7-7. The Panthers lost to the Mounties last year but still lead the series 15-8-1.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The Pittsburgh Press reported: "The Panther players are determined... Their defeat last year rankled as few beatings have. They frankly want revenge and a team in that frame of mind is dangerous." The Panthers were healthy and Coach Sutherland started the same eleven that beat Duke.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The Panthers gained their revenge for the 9-6 loss in 1928 by beating the Mountaineers 27 to 7. The Panthers would win 19 of the next 20 games played in the series.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
On Pitt's third possession, Josh Williams culminated a fifty-nine yard drive with a 17-yard scamper through tackle for a touchdown. Parkinson added the point after and Pitt led 7 to 0 at the end of the first quarter. The second period saw the Panther offense advance the ball to the West Virginia 4-yard line before losing the ball on downs. The Mountaineers punted out of trouble. The Panthers lost possession on a fumble. Pitt's Paul Collins then intercepted an Eddie Stumpp pass to regain possession for Pitt on their 49-yard line. Three running plays advanced the ball to the Mountaineer 17-yard line. On fourth down Eddie Baker's pass was caught by Toby Uansa on the 2 and he fell over the goal line for the touchdown. Uansa added the point and Pitt led 14 to 0 at halftime.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
Pitt received the second half kickoff and drove 72 yards for their third touchdown with Uansa going around left end for the last 13 yards for the score. Parkinson missed the placement and Pitt led 20 to 0. The Mountaineers answered with a 43 yard touchdown pass from Stumpp to Bill Behnke. Glenn converted the point after and the score read 20 to 7. After an exchange of possessions Uansa fumbled and West Virginia recovered on their 45-yard line. On third down Uansa intercepted Stumpp's pass and raced 60 yards for the final score of the contest. Parkinson added the point after and Pitt led 27 to 7. The final quarter was a punting duel with many substitutes playing for both sides.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, West Virginia
The Pitt lineup for the West Virginia game was Joe Donchess (left end), Charles Tully (left tackle), Ray Montgomery (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Albert DiMeolo (right guard), James MacMurdo (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Toby Uansa (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Tom Parkinson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were William Walinchus, James Clark, James Rooney, Charles Edwards, William Loehr, Hart Morris, Walter Milligan, Vladimar Babic, Jesse Quatse, Edward Hirschberg, Markley Barnes, Frank Hood, Harry Wagner, Robert Morris, Joe Tommins, Edward Schultz, Ernest Lewis, Al Ciper and Leo Murphy.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
The trainload of Panthers, for their second road game, headed west to battle the Cornhuskers of Nebraska. This was the fourth meeting between the two schools, with the series record 1-1-1. Similar to the 1928 trip, the Panthers left Wednesday evening and arrived in Chicago on Thursday morning. The team practiced on Stagg Field at the University of Chicago. They reboarded the train in the evening and arrived in Omaha on Friday morning. The Ak-Sar-Ben fairgrounds in Omaha was the site of their final scrimmage. Saturday morning the team rode the final 60 miles to Lincoln. The Panthers were healthy and Coach Sutherland started the same lineup he used against West Virginia.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
Dana X. Bible replaced Ernest Bearg as Nebraska coach. He had the Huskers 1-0-1 on the season. Nebraska opened at home with a scoreless tie against SMU. They then traveled to Syracuse and beat the Orange 13 to 6. The Huskers lineup boasted an All-American tackle – Ray Richards, and five more members of the 1929 All-Big 6 Conference team. Richards and fullback Clair Sloan were named to the first team and end Steve Hokuf, guard George Koster, halfback George Farley, and tackle Marion Broadstone were named to the second team.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
David Finoli pointed out that "with home-field advantage and the fact that they had revenge on their minds themselves as they had not beaten Pitt in the past two campaigns, Nebraska certainly had all the intangibles on their side." Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne disagreed, writing in his weekly column: "Pittsburgh has possibly one of the best teams in the East this year, if not in the country, and they will carry too many guns for Coach Bible's men. Nebraska showed nice improvement last week at Syracuse, but they are not ready yet for a team of the caliber that 'Jock' Sutherland will send on to the field this Saturday afternoon."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
The Panthers prevailed with a 12 to 7 victory. The first quarter was scoreless, but the Panther offense scored twice in the second stanza to take a 12 to 0 lead into halftime. Halfback William Walinchus caught a short pass from Edward Baker and raced 60 yards to the Nebraska 6-yard line. Tom Parkinson plunged into the end zone on third down for the first touchdown. The second touchdown came on Pitt's next possession and was aided by a 15-yard penalty which took the  ball from the Husker 24-yard line to the 9-yard line.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
Parkinson shoved it across on fourth down and Pitt was done scoring for the day. Parkinson missed both placements. After a scoreless third quarter, the home team blocked a Parkinson punt and recovered the ball on the Pitt 25-yard line. On third down Clair Sloan hit Cliff Morgan with a touchdown pass. Sloan added the point after and the score read: Pitt 12, Nebraska 7.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
Coach Bible told The Lincoln Star: "When the season started I expressed the hope that in the event we lost a game the defeat would be sustained at the hands of a good football team. I do not hesitate to admit that we lost today to that sort of team." The Cornhuskers finished the season with a 4-1-3 record and won the Big-6 Conference title.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
The Pitt lineup for the game against Nebraska was Joe Donchess (left end),Charles Tully (left tackle), Ray Montgomery (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Albert DiMeolo (right guard), James MacMurdo (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Toby Uansa (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Tom Parkinson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were William Walinchus, Vladimar Babic, William Loehr, Charles Edwards, Hart Morris, James Rooney, Frank Hood and Harry Wagner.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
On October 26th, while Carnegie Tech was hosting Notre Dame at Pitt Stadium, the Pitt Panthers and Allegheny Methodists met for the final time on the gridiron at Municipal Stadium in Erie, Pa. This was the third and final road game for the Panthers. In addition to the game, the Erie – Allegheny Alumni Association and the Erie branch of the University of Pittsburgh arranged a fun-filled day for both fans and students.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
Pitt led the all-time series 7-2. Allegheny won two straight games from Western University Pittsburgh back in 1901 and 1902, but the Panthers won the last six and outscored the Methodists 262 to 14.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
First year coach Harry Crum's Methodists were 0-2-1 on the season. They tied Geneva (13-13) in their home-field opener, and then lost to Westminster (7-6) before traveling to Dartmouth and losing (53-0).


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
Coach Sutherland started the second string to keep the regulars healthy for the final four game stretch of Ohio State, Wash. & Jeff., Carnegie Tech and Penn State. The Campus (student newspaper of Allegheny College) reported that three of their starters did not play and six other regulars were injured and missed playing time, so it turned into a game of opportunity for substitutes. The Panthers were too strong and beat the Methodists 40 to 0. James Rooney led the way with three rushing touchdowns and four extra point conversions.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
William Walinchus, James Clark and Leo Murphy each added a touchdown. Allegheny threatened in the first quarter as they advanced to the Pitt 10-yard line. Walter Milligan intercepted a pass to thwart the drive. The Methodists drove to the Pitt seven-yard line in the waning moments of the game but the Pitt defense held on downs. Allegheny finished the season with a 2-4-2 record.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
The Pitt lineup for the game against Allegheny was William Loehr (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Walter Milligan (left guard), Markley Barnes (center), Hart Morris (right guard), Vladimar Babic (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Charles Edwards (quarterback), James Rooney (left halfback), William Walinchus (right halfback) and James Clark (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Ernest Lewis, Edward Hirschberg, Leo Murphy, Felix Wilps, Al Ciper, Tom Parkinson, Joe Donchess, Charles Tully, Albert DiMeolo and Toby Uansa.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
While the country was reeling from the stock market frenzy, the sports topic highlighted this week in history was the Carnegie Foundation report on college athletics. David Finoli noted: "The unique thing about the report was the lack of specifics or the facts that at several universities like Pitt, there were no investigators reported on campus.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Allegheny
Regardless of the inadequacies, it brought to light the issues of paying athletes in college football and began a national debate on the ethics of the policy, a policy that would be uncovered at the University of Pittsburgh toward the end of the next decade and would eventually lead to the downfall of their powerful national championship program."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
On November 2nd Pitt faced their first opponent from the Western Conference (Big Ten), as the undefeated Ohio State Buckeyes visited Pitt Stadium for the Homecoming Game. First-year coach Sam Willaman's Buckeyes were 3-0-1 on the season. The Buckeye line was anchored by All-American end Wesley Fesler, who would later coach the Panthers for the 1946 season, and All-Big 10 guard Sam T. Selby, while All-Big 10 quarterback Alan M. Holman was the star of the backfield.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
The Panthers kept their winning streak intact with an 18 to 2 victory. Ohio State received the opening kick-off, but the Pitt defense forced a punt and gained possession on their 30-yard line. On second down Toby Uansa ran around left end 68 yards for the first touchdown. Tom Parkinson missed the point after and Pitt led 6 to 0. Late in the quarter the Buckeye halfback Arden McConnell mishandled a snap from center and had to fall on the ball in the end zone for a safety. Pitt led 8 to 0 at the break.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
Pitt fumbled into the end zone in the second stanza and Uansa covered it for a safety and two points for Ohio State. James Rooney converted a 22-yard field goal on Pitt's next possession and Pitt led 11-2 at halftime. The third period was scoreless as the State defense stopped Parkinson inches short of the goal line after the Panthers had recovered a fumble on the State 2-yard line. Pitt had possession on the Buckeye 25-yard line at the end of the third quarter. Rooney faked a punt and threw a pass to Uansa on the 13-yard line on the first play after the break. He carried it into the end zone for Pitt's last touchdown of the game. Rooney converted the point after. Ohio State finished the season with a 4-3-1 record.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
Coach Sutherland praised the Buckeyes: "No Pitt team ever got more breaks than mine did today. Ohio was never favored by fortune. The real feature to my mind was the splendid sportsmanship exhibited by the players of both teams. So far as I was able to see, it was one of the cleanest games I have ever witnessed, despite the fact that both teams were fighting hard. The score does not indicate a thing. We are not 16 points better than Ohio State."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
The Pittsburgh Press noted: "Ohio State may have lost the football game, but so far as regular visitors to the stadium are concerned, their band won the world's championship yesterday. The Buckeye musicians are without a doubt the finest college band ever to have appeared in Pittsburgh. The visit of this superb 110-piece organization to Pittsburgh will not be forgotten soon."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Ohio State
The Pitt lineup for the game against Ohio State was Joe Donchess (left end), Charles Tully (left tackle), Ray Montgomery (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Albert DiMeolo (right guard), James MacMurdo (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward baker (quarterback), Toby Uansa (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Tom Parkinson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pittsburgh were James Rooney, William Loehr, Jesse Quatse, Charles Edwards, Leo Murphy, Hart Morris, James Clark, Vladimar Babic, Harry Wagner and Edward Hirschberg.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Pitt Panthers, holding a slim 14-13-2 margin in the all-time series, welcomed their fiercest rival to this point in their football history, the Presidents of Washington & Jefferson, to Pitt Stadium for their annual tussle on November 9, 1929. The Presidents led by dual coaches, Ray A. Ride and Bill Amos,were undefeated with a 4-0-2 record. Their only blemishes were scoreless ties with Temple and Carnegie Tech. The Presidents had outscored their opponents 124-6. Star tackle Forrest Douds was a three-time All-American, who would become the first coach of the football Pirates (Steelers) in 1933.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
Coach Sutherland warned against overconfidence: "Newspapers all over the country have greatly overrated the Panther club and have left a more or less cocksureness air among the players, the attitude that victory is an established fact. Such an attitude may not work out so well in the remaining three games."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Panthers obeyed their coach and shut out the Presidents 21 to 0 to keep their quest for a national title on track. The teams traded fumbles early in the opening period. On the Panthers opening possession, Tom Parkinson fumbled on the W. & J. 48 yard-line. Two plays later W. & J. halfback Don Lewis fumbled and Charles Tully recovered for the Panthers on their 31-yard line. The Panthers advanced the ball to the Presidents 13-yard line and lost the ball on downs.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
On W. & J. 's second down Lewis fumbled again and Tully recovered on the Presidents 24-yard line. Toby Uansa gained 5 yards and Parkinson followed with a run to the 1-foot line. Parkinson fumbled on first down, but recovered on the 4-yard line. On third down he plunged into the end zone for the touchdown. Parkinson added the point after and Pitt led 7 to 0. The rest of the half was scoreless as both defenses stiffened. Pitt's third possession of the second half started on their 39-yard line.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
On third down a 38-yard pass play from James Rooney to Eddie Baker took the ball to the W. & J. 23-yard line. Uansa carried the ball the final 12 yards for the touchdown. Parkinson added the placement for a 14 to 0 Pitt lead at the end of the third stanza. Early in the last period, Pitt gained possession on their 24-yard line. "Uansa got around left end, was apparently stopped on the Pitt 38, but was not in the grasp of a tackler, so he got up and ran to the W. & J. 20." Coach Sutherland then replaced the entire backfield. William Walinchus scored the final touchdown of the contest from two yards out and Charles Edwards added the point after to make it 21 to 0.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Presidents finished the season with a 5-2-2 record and would not meet the Panthers on the gridiron again until the 1933 season.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Washington & Jefferson
The Pitt lineup for the game against Washington & Jefferson was Joe Donchess (left end), Charles Tully (left tackle), Ray Montgomery (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Albert DiMeolo (right guard), James MacMurdo (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Toby Uansa (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Tom Parkinson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were James Rooney, William Loehr, Jesse Quatse, Hart Morris, Leo Murphy, William Walinchus, James Clark, Charles Edwards, Walter Milligan, Vladimar Babic, Markley Barnes, Frank Hood, Joe Tommins,Harry Wagner,Edward Schultz, Felix Wilps and Robert Morris.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
On November 16th, 54,000 spectators flocked to Pitt Stadium for the sixteenth edition of the "City Game". Pitt led the overall series with Carnegie Tech 11-4, but the Tartans had won four of the past six, including the previous year's 6 to 0 battle in the mud. Eighth-year coach Walter Steffen had his team 4-1-1 on the season. The only missteps were a 7-0 loss to Notre Dame and a scoreless tie with Washington & Jefferson. Coach Steffen told the Post-Gazette: "Carnegie Tech is going up against a powerful team, one of the most powerful in the country, but we're going to be in there giving our best. The game should be a good one, and may the best team win."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Coach Sutherland was worried: "Carnegie Tech has a greatly under-rated team. Two weeks of rest have done Tech a lot of good. The Tartans will be 50 per cent stronger today than they were against Notre Dame three weeks ago. I expect the hardest game, by far, of the year."


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Panthers shocked the Tartans and the crowd by scoring 21 points in the opening quarter. Toby Uansa rambled 58 yards on the second play from scrimmage for a touchdown. Tom Parkinson booted the point after for an early 7 to 0 Pitt lead. The Panther defense forced a punt. The center snap went over the punter Harry McCurdy's head. He retrieved the ball, but his punt attempt was blocked by Albert DiMeolo. The ball went through the end zone for a safety and Pitt led 9 to 0.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Panthers then advanced the ball to the Tartan 24-yard line, but lost possession on downs. Uansa intercepted Howard Eyth's pass on the Pitt 25-yard line. The Pitt ground game advanced the ball to the Tech 41-yard line. Uansa broke free through left tackle and scored his second touchdown of the period. Parkinson missed the placement and Pitt led 15 to 0. Joe Donchess intercepted Eyth's pass on the Tech 16-yard line. The Panthers lost the ball on downs at the 12. Tech fullback John Karcis fumbled on second down.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
William Walinchus caught the fumble in the air and raced 14 yards into the end zone for the Panthers third touchdown in the first fifteen minutes. James Rooney was wide on the placement and Pitt led 21 to 0 at the break. Walinchus scored his second touchdown after a sustained drive in the second stanza. Pitt led 27 to 0 at halftime. The Panther offense spent the third quarter in Tech territory, but could not add to their lead.


1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Early in the final quarter Tech got on the scoreboard with a touchdown on a short drive aided by a poor center snap by Pitt in punt formation. Thayer Flanagan caught a short pass for the score. The placement was blocked. Pitt then sustained another long drive with James Clark plunging over center for the score. Edward Baker added the point after and Pitt led 34 to 6. Tech added a late score on an 80-yard touchdown pass play from McCurdy to John Kerr. John Dreshar added the point after to close the scoring for the game. Pitt 34 to Tech 13.