1927 Atlantic hurricane season
The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane One, nicknamed the Nova Scotia hurricane. The sole major hurricane, this storm resulted in between 173 and 192 deaths in Atlantic Canada, mostly from capsized and missing ships offshore. On land, the storm left about $1.7 million (1927 USD) in damage, with much of the damage occurring in Nova Scotia. Additionally, the fourth, fifth, and sixth tropical storms brought minor impact to Bermuda, South Carolina, and Cuba, respectively.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 56, below the 1921–1930 average of 76.6. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, August tropical depression
A low pressure area formerly associated with a weakening frontal boundary developed into a tropical depression on August 13. The depression moved rapidly east-northeastward and was soon absorbed by the frontal boundary.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
A tropical storm developed from a tropical wave over the deep tropics of the Atlantic Ocean on August 18. Moving west-northwestward, it intensified into a Category 1 hurricane on the modern day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale by August 19. The storm deepened significantly over the next few days, and by August 22, it peaked as a Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 950 mbar (28 inHg). The latter was observed by the S.S. Maraval, while the former was estimated using the pressure-wind relationship.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
Around that time, the system began curving northwestward and later northward. By August 23, it turned to the north-northeast and then began weakening on August 24. Thereafter, the storm accelerated toward Atlantic Canada. Late on August 24, the hurricane struck near Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, as a Category 2 hurricane, just before becoming extratropical. The remnants continued northeastward, striking Newfoundland and later Iceland, before dissipating near Jan Mayen on August 29.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
In New England, the storm brought heavy rainfall, peaking at 2.09 inches (53 mm) in Portland, Maine. Minor street flooding was reported in Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, with flooding in the Providence area damaging pavement and overflowing sewers. Along the coast of Massachusetts, rough seas disrupted shipping in Boston and beached a ship at Cape Cod. Of the 173-192 fatalities in Canada, most of them occurred due to damaged or missing ships, with two boats losing their entire crew. On land, heavy rainfall in Nova Scotia washed out 20–25 percent of the rail lines, which disrupted rail service.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
Flooding also damaged numerous roads and swept away bridges. Crop damage from the hurricane was severe as the storm destroyed about half of the fruit, vegetable, and hay harvest, leaving a loss of $1 million (1927 CAD). Property damage in the province was in the thousands of dollars range and there were many electrical and telephone service outages. Similar but less severe impact occurred in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. The storm also left minor wind damage in Newfoundland. Overall, the hurricane caused just under $1.6 million (1927 CAD) in damage.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
A tropical wave developed into the second tropical depression of the season on September 2, while located about 190 mi (310 km) east of the Cape Verde Islands. Six hours after forming, the depression intensified into a tropical storm. Moving west-southwestward, the storm passed through the Cape Verde Islands on September 3, striking Boa Vista with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). The island of Santiago observed winds of 40 mph (64 km/h) at 12:00 UTC. Thereafter, the system headed west-northwestward into the open Atlantic and slowly intensified. Early on September 8, the storm strengthened into a Category 1 while beginning a northwestward motion. Around that time, a radiogram from the British S.S. Socrates indicated that the ship recorded a barometric pressure of 1,007 mbar (29.7 inHg), the lowest observed in association with the storm.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
By September 9, the hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and began curving north-northwestward, which was soon followed by a turn to the north-northeast later that day. Thereafter, the storm started to lose tropical characteristics, with historical weather maps indicating a low pressure area imbedded within a cold front by September 10. Around 12:00 UTC, the cyclone weakened to a tropical storm. Late on September 11, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and was last noted at 18:00 UTC, while located about 870 mi (1,400 km) east-northeast of Bermuda.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three
A low pressure area developed into a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC on September 22 while located about 820 mi (1,320 km) southwest of the southwesternmost islands of Cape Verde. Moving northwestward, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm by early on September 23. Thereafter, the storm proceeded to intensify very slowly during the next several days. On September 26, the cyclone began moving generally northward. Based on a ship report, the storm finally reached hurricane status by 12:00 UTC on September 28. A different ship observation indicated a minimum barometric pressure of 1,005 mbar (29.7 inHg). Based on the pressure-wind relationship, it is estimated that the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Early on September 29, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm and became extratropical six hours later, while situated about 935 mi (1,505 km) south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
A low pressure area developed into a tropical storm about 835 mi (1,345 km) east-northeast of Barbuda early on September 23. The system moved northwest, and by 12:00 UTC on September 24, it strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. Late on September 25, the cyclone intensified into a Category 2 hurricane. A ship recorded a pressure of 971 mbar (28.7 inHg) on September 26. Because this was measured within the storm's radius of maximum sustained winds, the hurricane's minimum barometric pressure was estimated to have been 967 mbar (28.6 inHg).


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
Based on the pressure-wind relationship, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h). Thereafter, it curved northeastward on September 27, shortly before weakening to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on September 28, the hurricane became extratropical about 360 mi (580 km) south-southeast of Sable Island. However, the extratropical storm existed until October 1, when it dissipated well north of the Azores.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
At approximately 12:00 UTC on September 30, a low pressure area developed into a tropical depression while situated about 175 mi (280 km) northeast of Turks and Caicos Islands. The depression moved parallel to the islands of the Bahamas and slowly strengthened, reaching tropical storm status early on October 2. Continuing its northwestward motion, the storm strengthened further and peaked early on October 3 with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,008 mbar (29.8 inHg), the latter of which was a ship observation. Around 09:00 UTC, the cyclone made landfall near Beaufort, South Carolina, at the same intensity. The storm curved northward after moving inland and weakened to a tropical depression early on October 4. Several hours later, the system dissipated over West Virginia.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
In South Carolina, rainfall was generally beneficial due to ongoing drought conditions. In Beaufort, many tree branches were felled in several neighborhoods of the city. Many were left without power for several hours on morning of October 3, crippling industries that depended on electricity, including delaying publication of The Beaufort Gazette because the linotype machine could not be used. Very minor damage occurred to corn in the city. Elsewhere in the state, particularly in Charleston, there were widespread telephone, telegraph, and power outages due to downed lines and poles, severing communications. In North Carolina, similar damage occurred to the methods of communications in Raleigh, Selma, Siler City, and other areas closer to the Virginia state line due to wires knocked over by strong winds.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six
The season's next cyclone developed from over the northwestern Caribbean Sea from a broad low pressure area near the Bay Islands Department of Honduras on October 16. Moving east-northeastward, the system strengthened into a tropical storm several hours later. Early on October 17, the system peaked with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), based on a ship observation of a minimum barometric pressure of 999 mbar (29.5 inHg). Curving northeastward, it made landfall near Santa Cruz del Sur, Camagüey Province, late on October 18 at the same intensity. After crossing Cuba, the storm accelerated and moved through the Bahamas early the following day, striking the island of Acklins. By 06:00 UTC, the system was absorbed by a cold front while located about 105 mi (170 km) north-northeast of Mayaguana.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six
The Government of Cuba issued warnings in anticipation of the storm in the central provinces of the island, particularly over concerns of heavy rainfall. Additionally, radio messages were sent to ship to warning of the approaching cyclone. Heavy rains caused some crop damage but little else of consequence.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, October tropical depression
The northern portion of the disturbance that would later develop into the previous system split and spawned a tropical depression over the northern Bahamas on October 17. The depression moved rapidly northward ahead of an approaching frontal boundary. Historical weather maps indicated that the highest sustained winds were at 30 mph (50 km/h) and the minimum barometric pressure was 1,004 mbar (29.6 inHg). The depression was absorbed by the front on the same day.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
A weak low pressure area developed into the seventh storm of the season formed near the Cayman Islands on October 30. Initially a tropical depression, it tracked slowly north-northeastward and reached tropical storm status about six hours after forming. Early on October 31, the storm peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), several hours before making landfall in Sancti Spíritus Province several hours later. After emerging over the Bahamas, the storm slowly weakened. Late on November 1, the system struck Andros Island with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Thereafter, the cyclone accelerated and continued weakening, falling to tropical depression intensity late on November 3. Shortly thereafter, it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while located about 215 mi (345 km) south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven
The remnants contributed to the development of the system which brought devastating floods to the Northeastern United States. Following well above average precipitation in October, this system brought as much as 15 in (380 mm) to Vermont, contributing to the Great Vermont Flood of 1927. The flooding left at least $50 million (1927 USD) in damage and 85 deaths, with all but one death occurring in Vermont.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight
The final tropical cyclone of the season developed from a low pressure area early on November 19, while situated about 770 mi (1,240 km) east-northeast of Barbuda. Initially a tropical depression, the cyclone deepened into a tropical storm about 12 hours later while moving north-northwestward. At 12:00 UTC on November 20, a ship observed a barometric pressure of 999 mbar (29.5 inHg), the lowest known pressure in association with the storm. Using the pressure-wind relationship, it is estimated that the storm reached maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) at that time.


1927 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight
On November 21, the storm weakened and lost tropical characteristics, merging with a cold front about 585 mi (940 km) east-northeast of Bermuda at 12:00 UTC. The extratropical cyclone persisted for only about six more hours. This storm may have been subtropical, but in the absence of satellite imagery, it is considered a tropical cyclone.


1927 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1927 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1927 college football season. The Tigers' were led by head coach Dave Morey in his second season for the first three games and then by Boozer Pitts to finish the season with a record of zero wins, seven losses and two ties (0–7–2 overall, 0–6–1 in the SoCon). The loss to Stetson was the first on Auburn's campus since 1908.


1927 Auckland City mayoral election
The 1927 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1927, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season
Newton defeated Ponsonby by 6 points to 3 in the championship final to win the Monteith Shield after both teams finished the season tied with identical 8 win, 1 draw, 3 loss records. This was the second time Newton had won the championship in 18 efforts, with the first being in 1912 and was to be their last after they merged decades later with City Rovers and the combined team ceased in the early 2000s. Richmond won the Roope Rooster knockout trophy for the second consecutive season. Newton Rangers defeated Richmond to win the Stormont Shield.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season
Ellerslie won the Norton Cup by winning the second division competition, known as the B Grade at this time. They were undefeated and also won the Stallard Cup which was the B Grade knockout trophy. Interestingly the league played a 'promotion-relegation' match, with Ellerslie by virtue of winning the Norton Cup for winning the B Grade playing off with Grafton, who had finished last in the A Grade. Ellerslie won 11–3 over Grafton thus winning the right to compete in the A grade competition in the 1928 season. Despite this there was still considerable discussion at the annual general meeting the following year as to whether or not Ellerslie be admitted to the A Grade. It was eventually decided that they would be, with Grafton dropping to the B Grade.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season
Other trophies awarded (at the 1928 annual general meeting of the Auckland Rugby League) were the Davis Points Shield to Richmond, the Thistle Cup to Newton, and a special cup for the best forward to W.Clark from Newton.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Transfers
A McIntyre who had been playing in Sydney joined the Newton club.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Annual meetings of Auckland Rugby League
The annual report for the 1927 season stated that the total revenue for Auckland Rugby League was £5,597, with £4,216 taken at the gates. At the annual meeting of the Junior Management Committee of the Auckland Rugby League on 23 March it was stated in their report that junior players exceeded 1,500. It was also reported that the Remuera League Club was being revived. They had fielded two junior teams in 1914, and appeared to have the numbers to enter two junior teams in the 1927 season.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Annual meetings of Auckland Rugby League
On 10 August the Auckland Rugby League Chairman, Mr. W.J. Hammill tendered his resignation for business reasons. He had occupied the position for five years. He was congratulated on his contribution to the game and made a life member of the League. Mr. George Rhodes was elected as the new chairman of the Management Committee.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Representative season
Auckland began the season with a match against the returning members of the New Zealand team that had toured England from August 1926 to January 1927. There was some controversy in that Joe Menzies had played for the 'New Zealand team' despite being from the South Auckland (Waikato) province and the New Zealand Rugby League questioned the Auckland Rugby League on the selection. One possible reason for his selection may have been the fact that Arthur Singe had been banned for life after going on strike during the tour along with 6 other players.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Representative season
This meant that there was one less Auckland forward to pick for the match. Auckland won the game 24–21. They went on a southern tour later in the season and played matches against Canterbury, West Coast, Otago, and Wellington. After their return to Auckland they played against Buller and South Auckland. They lost the Northern Union Challenge Cup to South Auckland in their final game of the season.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Obituary
Bill WilliamsFormer New Zealand international and Newton Rangers and Fire Brigade club footballer Bill Williams was tragically killed on 21 November 1927 aged just 28. The 12 ft mullet yacht he was sailing capsized on its way from Milford on Auckland’s North Shore to Islington Bay on Rangitoto Island. Williams who was said to be a good sailor had persuaded Stanley John Easdown to go with him to Islington Bay to go fishing and shooting. They later saw James Bowman at Milford and he asked them if he could also go.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Obituary
The lone survivor (Easdown) went through harrowing conditions both in the water and once ashore on Rangitoto Island in an attempt to find help. A search failed to find either William's body or that of James Bowman. WIlliams was a second rower and hooker. He had played 21 matches for New Zealand from 1919 to 1921, 5 matches for Auckland from 1918 to 1921, 59 matches for Newton Rangers from 1915 to 1922 along with 3 games for Fire Brigade in 1921 before transferring back to Newton.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland rugby league news, Obituary
Williams was married and living in Takapuna at the time with his wife and family.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results
After two completed rounds Newton and Ponsonby were both tied on 19 competition points. This necessitated a final between the two sides and this was won by Newton 6–3.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 1
Jim O'Brien and J Stormont (ex-Marist players) had both retired from the game and were spectators at the match between Marist and Grafton. However, after watching they decided to come out of retirement and resume playing for their old team. Meanwhile Craddock Dufty returned to play for Newton after 5 years with Grafton Athletic.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 2
Prior to round 2 Wigan made an offer to Lou Brown  of the City side, while Ben Davidson had reportedly received one from Hull.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 3
Jim O'Brien and Stewart were both sent off for fighting near the Richmond try line in the Marist v Richmond match. Grafton only had 12 players make the trip to Devonport Domain where they were thrashed by Devonport 47–3. Nelson Bass tore his knee cartilage in the match between City and Ponsonby and was forced into early retirement.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 5
The Devonport v Richmond match was played on the Friday as part of the King's Birthday celebrations. It was notable for the fact that 4 players were ordered off. Neville St George who had had words with the referee was sent from the field, two minutes later Stewart from Richmond joined him and Stan Prentice (Richmond), and Jim O'Brien (Devonport) soon followed. Leslie Knott scored two tries for Marist. At the end of the season he became the Auckland singles tennis champion and New Zealand doubles champion before moving to Australia to advance his career.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 6
City were without the services of Lou Brown, Maurice Wetherill, G Brown, Nelson Bass and Alf Townsend and were soundly beaten by Marist. Frank Delgrosso of Ponsonby was ordered off in their match with Devonport.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 7
City had lost the services of Lou Brown and Ben Davidson who had both been signed by Wigan during the week. They would depart for England later in the month. In their match with Devonport two players for Newton left the field injured during the second half leaving them with 11 players.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 8
City were further weakened after Alf Townsend was transferred to Dunedin permanently for work during the week. In the Marist match with Grafton, N King broke a bone in his hand and had to leave the field.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 9
City sought to strengthen their side due to the large number of players who had departed. They signed Godkin, a Bay of Plenty rugby player, Pascoe a Manukau rugby player, and E Spencer a league representative from the Waimairi club in Canterbury. H Mason also joined the City side from Huntly (Len Mason's brother). Devonport captain Jim O'Brien was ordered off in their loss to Marist. At the conclusion of the match the referee (H. Taylor) was escorted from the field by two police officers as several spectators crowded and heckled him.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 9
Taylor had replaced W. Ripley as referee after Ripley fell ill before the match. The match between Newton and Ponsonby at the Auckland Domain was postponed due to the ground being unfit for play. The following weekend saw all games suspended and the postponed match played at Carlaw Park. Ironically rain fell throughout the match and the field "was badly churned up as the game progressed".


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 10
Richmond lost captain Jim Parkes who was moving back to Christchurch to join the Hornby club. The match between Devonport and Grafton was postponed due to the unfit nature of the field at the Auckland Domain. It was played on the following weekend at Devonport with other fixtures from that round not played due to the Auckland Rugby League making Carlaw Park available for the soccer match between New Zealand and Canada. Ponsonby fielded 3 brothers, future New Zealand international Tim Peckham, and his older brother Joseph, and younger brother Kenneth.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield results, Round 13
Bert Avery was carried off the field with concussion in the Newton match against Grafton. He had been attempting to tackle M Herewini who tried to hurdle him and made contact with Avery's head. Avery was taken to Auckland Hospital where he eventually recovered. His brother Henry who was also a league played died later in the week after a bout of pneumonia and Bert Avery decided to retire after many years playing for and captaining Grafton and New Zealand.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Roope Rooster knockout competition, Round 1
Craddock Dufty and captain W Clarke were both out injured from the Newton side for their match with Marist. Hamilton went off injured for City meaning they had to finish the match with Richmond with 12 players. The scores were tied at the end of the match 17–17 so 5 minutes extra time was played with Telford scoring and Carroll converting to win the game for Richmond. This was the first time extra time had been used to decide a game in an Auckland Rugby League senior competition. Usually matches were replayed the following week.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Roope Rooster knockout competition, Semi finals
The Auckland representative team had left for their southern tour and so all teams were fielding greatly weakened sides. Holmes, a rugby representative three-quarter signed for Devonport just before their game with Ponsonby.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Roope Rooster knockout competition, Final
A. Finlayson switched codes to join Richmond signing one minute before kick off so as to keep the switch secret. The following week he applied for reinstatement into rugby union. Richmond won the Roope Rooster for the second consecutive year. It was a case of déjà vu with another 1 pt victory over Devonport who they had beaten the year before.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Stormont Memorial Shield
Newton won the match by 25 points to 14, but the match was noteworthy due to the large number of injuries suffered. G. Norman the Newton captain was concussed and had his jaw broken, Dick Stack fractured his leg, W. Rhodes broke his collar-bone, and Wally Somers sprained his ankle. The first three players were all taken to Auckland Hospital, while Somers was taken home. Stacks leg injury was so bad in fact that his leg had to be amputated and he spent many months in hospital. There were several matches in the following season used to raise funds for him and his family.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), A Grade/B Grade promotion-relegation match
At the conclusion of the A and B division competitions the last placed Grafton Athletic from the A Division played against the winners of the B Division Ellerslie for the right to compete in the A Division in 1928. Ellerslie won the match by 11 points to 3 thus earning themselves a place in A Division and forcing Grafton Athletic to play in the lower grade. This was the first time in Auckland Rugby League competition that such a match had been played.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Top try scorers and point scorers
Top try and point scorers for A Division and Roope Rooster competitions.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, B Division (Norton Cup) standings and results
A large number of games did not have the scores reported in either The New Zealand Herald or the Auckland Star. As a result, the fixtures list is incomplete as is the final standings. Results are missing as follows (Ellerslie x 1, Kingsland x 2, Parnell x 1, Mangere x 5, Point Chevalier x 1, and Otahuhu x 1). In addition there were two cancelled matches.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, B Division (Norton Cup) standings and results, B Division (Norton Cup) fixtures
The Round 8 match between Mangere and Northcote was not played due to the condition of the ground at Mangere, as was the Round 15 match between Otahuhu and Northcote at the Auckland Domain.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Other club matches and lower grades, Lower grades
There were 9 lower grades in 1927 if you include the split grades. Grades were made of the following teams with the winning team in bold:


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Other club matches and lower grades, Exhibition matches, Devonport v Ponsonby
The final match of the season was one played by Devonport against Ponsonby for charity. The money raised was given to the Mayor's unemployment fund.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season
The Auckland teams for the season were to be selected by Ernie Asher, E.V. Fox, and A Blakey. The Auckland representative team won 6 of its 7 matches. They began the year with a victory over the Auckland representatives of the New Zealand team which had toured the England and recently returned home. They went on a 4 match tour during the year which saw victories over Canterbury, West Coast, Otago, and Wellington. They then played home matches against Buller and South Auckland. They beat Buller easily but then lost the Northern Union Challenge Cup after a loss to South Auckland.


1927 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Representative fixtures
The first representative fixture of the season was played on 30 April between Auckland and the Auckland members of the 1926 New Zealand touring team of England.


1927 Australian Championships
The 1927 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia from 22 January to 1 February. It was the 20th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 5th held in Melbourne, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. Australians Gerald Patterson and Esna Boyd won the singles titles.


1927 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Singles
Gerald Patterson defeated  Jack Hawkes  3–6, 6–4, 3–6, 18–16, 6–3


1927 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Jack Hawkes /  Gerald Patterson defeated  Ian McInness /  Pat O'Hara Wood 8–6, 6–1, 6–2


1927 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Louie Bickerton /  Meryl O'Hara Wood defeated  Esna Boyd /  Sylvia Lance Harper 6–3, 6–3


1927 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Esna Boyd /  Jack Hawkes defeated  Youtha Anthony /  Jim Willard 6–1, 6–3


1927 Australian Championships – Men's Doubles
The first-seeds Jack Hawkes and Gerald Patterson successfully defended their title by defeating Ian McInnes and Pat O'Hara Wood 8–6, 6–1, 6–2 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.


1927 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
Gerald Patterson defeated Jack Hawkes 3–6, 6–4, 3–6, 18–16, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles Tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.


1927 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Gerald Patterson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1927 Australian Championships – Mixed Doubles
Esna Boyd and Jack Hawkes successfully defended their title by defeating Youtha Anthony and Jim Willard 6–1, 6–3 in the final, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.


1927 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
Louie Bickerton and Meryl O'Hara Wood defeated the first seeds Esna Boyd and Sylvia Harper 6–3, 6–3 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships.


1927 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Esna Boyd defeated Sylvia Harper 5–7, 6–1, 6–2, in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1927 Australian Championships (Tennis).


1927 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Esna Boyd is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1927 Austrian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Austria on 24 April 1927. The result was a victory for the Unity List (Einheitsliste), an alliance of the Christian Social Party and the Greater German People's Party, which won 85 of the 165 seats. However this brief coalition failed to result in any larger proportion of the votes than when the CSP ran alone, losing votes to the Landbund. Voter turnout was 89.3%.


1927 BYU Cougars football team
The 1927 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1927 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Charles J. Hart, the Cougars compiled a 2–4–1 record, finished seventh in the RMC, and were outscored by a total of 118 to 105.


1927 Ball Teachers Hoosieroons football team
The 1927 Ball Teachers Hoosieroons football team was an American football team that represented Ball Teachers College, sometimes referred to as Muncie Normal School (later renamed Ball State University), during the 1927 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Norman G. Wann, the team compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 108. The team played its home games at the North Walnut Street Ball Park in Muncie, Indiana.


1927 Ball Teachers Hoosieroons football team
The team's high scorer was Gerald "Jack" Liggett who played at both the halfback and fullback positions. Other players included Robert Walburn, George Smith, Maurice Mitchell, Robert Harper, Leonard Newman, Wayne Shields, Ivan Roetken, Herbert Faris, Robert Ziegler, James Leaky, and Earl Martin.


1927 Ball Teachers Hoosieroons football team
Coach Wann left the school in June 1928 in order to pursue a master's degree at the University of Wisconsin. In two seasons under Wann, the Hoosieroons compiled a record of 10–3–2.


1927 Baltimore mayoral election
The 1927 Baltimore mayoral election saw the return of William Frederick Broening to the mayoralty for a second nonconsecutive term.


1927 Baylor Bears football team
The 1927 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1927 college football season. In their second season under head coach Morley Jennings, the Bears compiled a 2–7 record (0–5 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 139 to 74. They played their home games at Cotton Palace in Waco, Texas. Wesley F. Weed was the team captain.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1927 Big Ten Conference football season was the 32nd season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1927 college football season.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1927 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, under head coach Robert Zuppke, compiled a 7–0–1 record, won the Big Ten championship, led the conference in scoring defense (3.0 points allowed per game), and was recognized as the national champion under the Dickinson System rankings. Guard Russ Crane and center Robert Reitsch received first-team All-American honors.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1927 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, under head coach Clarence Spears, compiled a 6–0–2 record, led the Big Ten in scoring offense (26.1 points per game), and was ranked No. 3 in the Dickinson System rankings. Fullback Herb Joesting was a consensus first-team All-American, and guard Harold Hanson also received first-team All-American honors from multiple selectors.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1927 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Tad Wieman, compiled a 6–2 record, shut out its first four opponents, and was ranked No. 7 in the Dickinson System rankings. Michigan end Bennie Oosterbaan was a consensus first-team All-American for the third consecutive year. Halfback Louis Gilbert was Michigan's leading scorer and a first-team All-Big Ten player.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season
Chicago center Ken Rouse received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the conference.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyDS = Rankings from Dickinson System. See 1927 college football seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per game


1927 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
No Big Ten teams participated in any bowl games during the 1927 season.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Big Ten players
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP), the United Press (UP), the Chicago Daily News (CDN), and/or Walter Eckersall (WE) as first-team players on the 1927 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1927 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Two Big Ten players were selected as consensus first-team players on the 1927 College Football All-America Team. They were:


1927 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Other Big Ten players received first-team honors from at least one selector. They were:


1927 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team
The 1927 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Birmingham–Southern College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1927 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Harold Drew, the team compiled a 3–6 record.


1927 Birthday Honours
The 1927 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 3 June 1927.


1927 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1927 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor
The King appointed the following to His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:


1927 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)
In recognition of the conspicuous ability and courage displayed by the under-mentioned Officers of the S.S. Sunning in recovering their vessel which had been captured by pirates off the coast of China on 15 November 1926 —


1927 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)
In recognition of the conspicuous ability and courage displayed by the under-mentioned Officer of the S.S. Sunning in recovering their vessel which had been captured by pirates off the coast of China on 15 November 1926 —


1927 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Royal Red Cross (RRC)
In recognition of-the special devotion and competency displayed by them in their nursing duties with the British Forces in Iraq


1927 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1927 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George V, were appointments made by the King on the recommendation of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 3 June 1927.


1927 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1927 Bluefield Big Blue football team
The 1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team was an American football team that represented the Bluefield Institute (now known as Bluefield State College) during the 1927 college football season. In its third season under head coach Harry R. Jefferson, the team compiled an 8–0–1 record. Bluefield became known as the "Wonder Team" and was recognized as the 1928 black college national champion. The team played its home games in the Beceye Bowl in Bluefield, West Virginia.


1927 Bluefield Big Blue football team
Quarterback Herbert Cain was selected as captain of the 1927 colored All-America team. Jimmie Moore was the team's line coach.


1927 Bolivian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Bolivia in May 1927 to elect members of the National Congress.


1927 Boston Braves season
The 1927 Boston Braves season was the 57th season of the franchise. The Braves finished seventh in the National League with a record of 60 wins and 94 losses.


1927 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1927 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1927 college football season.


1927 Boston Red Sox season
The 1927 Boston Red Sox season was the 27th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished last in the eight-team American League (AL) with a record of 51 wins and 103 losses, 59 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1927 World Series.


1927 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1927 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1927 college football season. In its second season under head coach Reggie Brown, the team compiled a 3–4–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 65 to 53.


1927 Bosworth by-election
The Bosworth by-election, 1927 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Bosworth in Leicestershire on 31 May 1927.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the sitting Conservative MP, Robert Gee. Gee had formerly been MP for Woolwich East from 1921 to 1922 and had held his Bosworth seat since the 1924 general election. He was clearly disillusioned with Parliamentary life however because he was reported to have been absent from his political duties for over a year at the time of the by-election, having emigrated to the backwoods of Western Australia with no intention of returning.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Previous Result
Bosworth was clearly a three-way marginal at this time. It had been won by a Coalition Liberal in 1918, a Tory in 1922, was Liberal in 1923 and Conservative again in 1924. Although Labour had not yet won the seat, the party consistently polled about a third of the vote in all these recent contests, coming second in 1922.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Candidates, Conservatives
The Conservatives selected 40-year-old Brigadier General Edward Spears, a noted First World War soldier who had been head of the British Military Mission in Paris and who was from 1922 to 1924 the National Liberal MP for Loughborough.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Candidates, Liberals
The Liberals chose Sir William Edge, a 45-year-old manufacturer who had been MP for Bolton from 1916 to 1923 and was a former government whip.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Candidates, Labour
The Labour Party settled upon John Minto, originally from Kilmarnock a member of Leicester City Council since 1922 and an engineer working for Leicester Co-operative Society.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Issues
In 1926 the retirement of H H Asquith as Liberal leader and his replacement by Lloyd George began to turn the tide for the Liberals. In March 1927, they gained a Labour seat in a by-election at Southwark North.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Issues
Spears began the campaign with a public announcement that the political tide was running in favour of the government and the Conservative Party. The major issue throughout the campaign was the Trade Unions Bill, a measure brought in following the General Strike of 1926 which outlawed secondary strike action and any strike whose purpose was to coerce the government of the day directly or indirectly. He attacked Minto and Edge for opposing the Bill. In so doing he tried to paint Edge as a socialist who stood against Parliamentary government and the liberty of the workers. He also began by offering himself as the party of safeguarding of industry.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Issues
Edge's supporters too entered the campaign with public declarations of forthcoming victory  and Spears’ team seemed less inclined to predict a good result than their candidate. Labour were also confident but wary of making an early public announcement of their prospects. Minto hoped to make headway on the Trade Unions Bill in the Coalville area of the constituency. The town was the main coal mining centre, where nearly a third of the electorate of the constituency lived  and Labour stronghold on the local Urban District Council. He attacked the Bill vehemently. Edge tried to steer a middle path on the trades disputes  issue, accusing the Labour Party of bringing the law on themselves by their behaviour over the general strike but attacking the Tories for damaging industrial relations and trade and inviting accusations of class animosity.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Issues
The letters sent by the Labour and Conservative party leaders to their candidates concentrated almost exclusively on the Trade Union Bill. Ramsay MacDonald called it a “disruptive and partisan attack upon the trades unions” and appealed to the electors of Bosworth to reject this “attack upon the workers.”  The prime minister Stanley Baldwin called the Bill. “the great issue before the country at the present time.” He said it was a measure against “tyranny and intimidation” and urged those who valued “the maintenance of the democratic institutions of [the] country” to vote for Spears.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Campaign strengths
When the candidates’ nominations which had been handed into the Returning Officer were made public on 23 May 1927, it was the Liberals who seemed to have the advantage if the numbers of supporting signatures was an accurate reflection of opinion in the contest. The Liberals had submitted 330 nomination sheets, signed by 3,300 electors in the constituency. They claimed that one was signed wholly by former Conservative voters and one signed wholly by trade unionists.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Campaign strengths
They had submitted 75 papers signed by 750 electors from the Coalville electoral districts where the voters were largely miners, which would have been seen as a blow to Labour hopes. Compared to this show of support, Spears put in 66 papers, including some signed by ex-Liberals and Minto submitted 33.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Campaign strengths
In other indications of the way things were going, Lloyd George addressed a crowd estimated at 10,000 strong in Coalville, while Arthur Henderson attracted about one quarter of that number for Labour; and one reporter who travelled through the constituency estimated that Liberal window bills in private houses outnumbered those of their rivals by more than twenty times.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Campaign strengths
It is also difficult to estimate the success or otherwise of election publicity but Edge appears to have scored a goal with the working class electorate when he arranged for the visit to the constituency of two former professional football players with Bolton Wanderers. Edge had an association with the club from his former time as MP for the city and the men supported his candidacy from friendship and on the basis of his personal qualities as good man and a ‘good sport’.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Zinoviev letter
The by-election also re-awakened the divisive issue of the Zinoviev letter a controversial document published by the British press in 1924, allegedly sent from the Communist International in Moscow to the Communist Party of Great Britain. The letter, took its name from Bolshevik revolutionary Grigory Zinoviev. Later revealed to be a forgery, purported to be a directive from Moscow calling for intensified Communist agitation in Britain and helped ensure the fall of the MacDonald's Labour government at the 1924 general election.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Zinoviev letter
In his letter of support to Minto, Ramsay MacDonald referred to the Conservatives as “having gained its Parliamentary power by a trick.“ This provoked a letter to The Times from Walter Blake Odgers (1880-1969), a barrister at the Middle Temple claiming this was a reference to the Zinoviev letter and re-opening the controversy. MacDonald responded with his own letter, again accusing the Tories of having “created a stampede of fear in the minds of the electorate.”


1927 Bosworth by-election, Zinoviev letter
A number of developments followed, further letters to the press, a speech by J. R. Clynes at Manchester accusing the government of making political capital from forgery  and a letter to Spears from the Home Secretary, Sir William Joynson-Hicks accusing Labour of continually displaying the utmost sympathy for the Russian Communists. Edge tried to take advantage of this Tory-Labour spat and the fears of socialism that it evoked by painting Minto as being supported by extremist elements in his party. Edge appealed to moderate electors to vote for him “or they [would] hand over the Bosworth division as a gift to the Reds.”


1927 Bosworth by-election, Final days
Liberal confidence was beginning to wane with the approach of polling day, although on the eve of poll, Edge declared the race was between himself and the Labour man. However it was reported that only the Conservatives had managed to compete a thorough canvass of the whole constituency and that their organisation was better developed and more effectively directed than the other parties. Spears announced that on the basis of the canvass returns he was sure to win.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Final days
Labour now sounded more self-assured as well, more optimistic about the turnout from the Labour and mining areas around Coalville and predicting a victory over the Liberals with Spears at the bottom of the poll. Edge's supporters would go no further than saying the result was ‘fifty-fifty’ between their candidate and the Labour Party.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Result
The result was a narrow victory for Sir William Edge by 271 votes over Labour, gaining the seat from the Conservatives. At the 1924 general election Robert Gee had had a majority of 358 votes over the Liberal candidate. The turnout in the by-election was 84.6%. The result was declared after an understandable Labour call for a recount.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Aftermath
Edge's victory at Bosworth was followed at Lancaster, St Ives and Eddisbury by further gains. These results caused the Conservatives to fear the possibility of a Liberal revival  but they should however have been more worried about the rise of Labour. Over the course of the 1924-1929 Parliament, Labour made thirteen by-election gains in all, eleven from the Tories, and two from the Liberals  and went  on to win the 1929 general election.


1927 Bosworth by-election, Aftermath
Labour had to wait until 1945 however before finally gaining Bosworth.


1927 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1927 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State Normal School (later Bowling Green State University) as a member of the Northwest Ohio League (NOL) during the 1927 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Warren Steller, the team compiled a 5–1–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 52 to 14. Ora Knecht was the team captain.


1927 Bremen state election
The 1927 Bremen state election was held on 13 November 1927 to elect the 120 members of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen.


1927 British Grand Prix
The second Grand Prix of the Royal Automobile Club, commonly referred to as the 1927 British Grand Prix, was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Brooklands circuit on 1 October 1927. It was the fifth and final race of the 1927 AIACR World Manufacturers' Championship season. The race was won by French driver Robert Benoist. It was his fourth victory from the season's five races, a performance that put the seal on his Delage team's already-unassailable lead in the Championship.


1927 British Grand Prix
A similar circuit was used as in the race the previous year, that is using the Finishing Straight, on which two sandbank chicanes were constructed. However, the footbridge across the Finishing Straight, which in 1926 had two supports on the track itself, had been rebuilt as a single-span, which enabled the full width of the straight to be used and allowed the layout of the chicane at the top of the Finishing Straight to be altered. The race itself also started half-way around the circuit, on the Railway Straight, rather than from the 1926 start at the junction of the Finishing Straight and the Members' Banking, meaning that the race distance was actually 124 and a half laps.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina
During its second tour to Argentina, the British Isles team, formed by English and Scottish players, played 9 matches in the country, winning all of them with more than 295 points scored and only 9 conceded.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
The River Plate Rugby Union (RPRU, current "Argentine Rugby Union") had formed a commission to study how to bring a British team into the country. To do so they had to have the sum of m$n 25,000 (about £ 3,000 at that time) to pay the travel and subsistence costs of a staff of twenty-five people. With contributions from clubs, newspaper companies, stores such as Gath and Chaves, British railroads and refrigerators and personal contributions, 30,000 pesos were collected. In mid-1926 the RFU received an invitation from the RPRU, requesting for a team of "first class players" to visit Argentina for three or four weeks. The delegation should be of 25 people including a manager and a referee. The RFU responded affirmatively after consulting the International Board.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
On July 19, 1927, a team composed of twenty-three players from England, Scotland and Ireland under the direction of James Baxter, none other than the president of the RFU, and a first-class referee, arrived in Buenos Aires and settled in the headquarters of Hurlingham Club for a fixture of nine games.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
Fulfilling the request of the RPRU, this British combined was considerably stronger than the one that had been assembled in 1910. No less than fifteen of the twenty-three players were-or were ahead-international. His captain, David MacMyn, was a leading Scottish forward who had been part of the team that won its first Grand Slam in 1925 and shared the title of the Five Nations with Ireland in 1926. During the long sea voyage to Argentina, MacMyn made good use of onboard time for his men to train and make a tactical plan for the tour.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
We were all imbued with the desire to play as it should be played, and there was no laziness in our preparation on board the ship. We train hard. Every morning we had practice of scrum, backs, physical training of all kinds and swimming before lunch. At night we had many conversations in front of the blackboard and we made all kinds of plans. And so, the hard training and the free exchange of ideas stimulated us for the exhausting days that we had ahead.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
In their first games, the Lions played an Anglo-Argentine combined and the Argentine champion San Isidro, which had won eight consecutive domestic championships to date. The Lions won those games with no goals conceded.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
The following game was the first test v. Argentina, played on 31 July at Gimnasia y Esgrima stadium. It was the first time Argentina wore the horizontal light blue and white jersey (after wearing blue and white jerseys alternatively since its first match in 1910) after a proposal by Gimnasia y Esgrima executive Abelardo Gutiérrez. The match was attended by a record 12,000 spectators. After the match, MacMyn wrote: "The crowd was delighted. They were impressed by the fact that we played in silence, listening only to the captain's voice. Argentines have all the physical qualities required for rugby. They are big, strong and fast. They are tremendously enthusiastic –sometimes, excessively".


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
After playing Argentina, the Lions moved to the city Rosario in Santa Fe Province to play a combined team composed by players of porteños clubs Universitario and Gimnasia y Esgrima due to the impossibility of joining a competitive team with the small number of players in Rosario. Players of both teams arrived in Rosario after a long journey by train from Retiro to Rosario Norte station, the same day of the match. Held in Plaza Jewell, home venue of Club Atlético del Rosario, the Lions defeated the combined team by 24–0 in a rainy day.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Background
The Lions returned to Buenos Aires to play the second test v. Argentina, winning 46–0 at GEBA, then playing another combined team (composed by players of Belgrano A.C. and Buenos Aires F.C.). The team would play two games more against the national team, the last of them on 21 August.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Matches, Match summary
The full list of matches played by the British Lions in Argentina:


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Aftermath
The British Lions tour on Argentina was a huge success, with a great number of people attending the games in spite of the large defeats to the national team. The RPRU obtained a profit of almost m$n 65,000, which would be invested in mortgage titles to cost future tours with no help from the National State or other government subsidies.


1927 British Lions tour to Argentina, Aftermath
In sporting terms, the tour of the British team of 1927 was of great importance for Argentine rugby, which gave a powerful boost to the expansion of the game in the country. 33 teams were registered to the Union to play at the 1927 domestic championships (four teams more than the previous edition). The boost given by the British team tour also encouraged the creation of new rugby clubs, such as Olivos in 1927 and Los Matreros one year later.


1927 Brixton by-election
The Brixton by-election was held on the 27 June 1927 following the elevation to the peerage of Davison Dalziel, he became Lord Dalziel of Wooler. The Conservative Party retained the seat with a reduced majority of 4,326.


1927 Brooklyn Robins season
The 1927 Brooklyn Robins had another bad year. They tied a National League record on May 21 by using five pitchers in the eighth inning.


1927 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Brown Bears football team
The 1927 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1927 college football season.


1927 Brownlow Medal
The 1927 Brownlow Medal was the fourth year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Syd Coventry of the Collingwood Football Club won the medal by polling seven votes during the 1927 VFL season.


1927 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1927 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1927 college football season. In its first season under head coach Carl Snavely, the team compiled a 6–3–1 record.


1927 Bucknell Bison football team
The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1927 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season
The 1927 Buffalo Bisons season was their eighth in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 4–4–2, losing five games and winning none. They finished twelfth (last) in the league.


1927 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season
The "Buffalo/Texas Rangers" experiment from the previous season was discontinued (the city's cold weather was the primary reason), and previous head coach Jim Kendrick left the team for the New York Giants. Reverting to the Bisons name, a man with the name Dim Batterson was named as head coach.


1927 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season
The team failed to score a single point in all but one game, resulting in a 1.6 point per game average, a near-record low offensive output. The Bisons suspended operations five games into the season and would not return until 1929.


1927 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1927 Bulgarian State Football Championship
The 1927 Bulgarian State Football Championship was not held, and thus there was no winner.


1927 Bulgarian State Football Championship
Following the bitter dispute from last season, that dragged on well into the spring of 1927, Slavia Sofia, which won Sofiyska OSO (Bulgarian: окръжна спортна област, lit. 'regional sports district'), refused to enter the championship. Furthermore, only three other OSO winners were determined before the allotted deadline for participation in the State championship. Those were Vladislav Varna from Varnenska OSO, Levski Ruse from Rusenska OSO and Levski Plovdiv from Plovdivska OSO. Because of this the championship for this season had to be cancelled.


1927 Bulgarian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 29 May 1927. The result was a victory for the Democratic Alliance-National Liberal Party alliance, which won 174 of the 261 seats. Voter turnout was 84.3%.


1927 CCNY Lavender football team
The 1927 CCNY Lavender football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1927 college football season. In their fourth season under Harold J. Parker, the Lavender team compiled a 4–2–2 record.


1927 Cal Aggies football team
The 1927 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1927 college football season. The team was known as the Cal Aggies, California Aggies, and sometimes the Cal Aggies Mustangs. They competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1927 Cal Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by head coach William L. "Billy" Driver in his fifth and last year at the helm. They played home games in Sacramento, California. The Aggies finished with a record of four wins, three losses and one tie (4–3–1, 1–1 FWC). The Aggies outscored their opponents 84–82 for the 1927 season, with three of their victories coming via shutout. In five years under coach Driver, the Aggies compiled a record of 18–23–3, a winning percentage of .443.


1927 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1927 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic School during the 1927 college football season.


1927 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
Cal Poly was a two-year school until 1941, and competed in the California Coast Conference (CCC). The team was led by seventh-year head coach Al Agosti and played home games in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins, four losses and one tie (2–4–1, 0–3 CCC). Overall, the Mustangs were outscored by their opponents 46–93 for the season, including being shut out in three of the seven games.


1927 Calgary municipal election
The 1927 Calgary municipal election was held on December 14, 1927 to elect a Mayor and six Aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council. Along with positions on Calgary City Council, four trustees for the Public School Board and four questions were put before the voters.


1927 Calgary municipal election
Calgary City Council governed under "Initiative, Referendum and Recall" which is composed of a Mayor, Commissioner and twelve Aldermen all elected to staggered two year terms. Commissioner Arthur Garnet Graves and six Aldermen: Eneas Edward McCormick, Edith Patterson, Harold McGill, John Walker Russell, Reuben Weldon Ward, and Peter Turner Bone elected in 1926 continued in their positions.


1927 Calgary municipal election
Mayor Frederick Ernest Osborne was acclaimed on close of nominations on December 7, 1928.


1927 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for candidates being two years.


1927 Calgary municipal election, Background
Former Calgary Mayor John William Mitchell contested the Aldermanic election as an Independent, however he fell just short of returning to council.


1927 Calgary municipal election, Plebiscites, Storm sewer
Construction of storm sewers at a cost of $127,000. Approval requires two-thirds majority.


1927 Calgary municipal election, Plebiscites, Centre St. vote
Widening of Centre Street at a cost of $20,000. Approval requires two-thirds majority.


1927 Calgary municipal election, Plebiscites, Clinic vote
Continuation of the present clinic system. Approval requires two-thirds majority.


1927 Calgary municipal election, Plebiscites, School vote
For the erection of two new high schools at a cost of $500,000. Approval requires majority.


1927 California Golden Bears football team
The 1927 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 1927 college football season. Under head coach Nibs Price, the team compiled an overall record of 7–3 and 2–3 in conference.


1927 Campeonato Carioca
The 1927 Campeonato Carioca, the 22nd edition of that championship, kicked off on May 1, 1927 and ended on September 18, 1927. It was organized by AMEA (Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association). Ten teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 6th time. No teams were relegated.


1927 Campeonato Carioca, Participating teams
Before the start of the championship, Syrio e Libanez was suspended by AMEA for not having a stadium of its own (the team usually groundshared with Mangueira instead), and was replaced by Andarahy, that after being passed over for promotion in 1925, hadn't even disputed the Second level in 1926.


1927 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1927 Campeonato de Portugal Final
The 1927 Campeonato de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1926–27 Campeonato de Portugal, the 6th season of the Campeonato de Portugal, the Portuguese football knockout tournament, organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 12 June 1927 at the Estádio do Lumiar in Lisbon, and opposed Belenenses and Vitória de Setúbal. Belenenses defeated Vitória de Setúbal 3–0 to claim their first Campeonato de Portugal.


1927 Canisius football team
The 1927 Canisius football team was an American football team that represented Canisius College in the Western New York Little Three Conference (Little Three) during the 1927 college football season. Canisius compiled a 7–1 record, shut out five of eight opponents, won the Little Three championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 173 to 42. Luke Urban was the head coach for the seventh year.


1927 Canterbury by-election
The Canterbury by-election, 1927 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Canterbury, Kent on 24 November 1927.


1927 Canterbury by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Unionist MP, Rt Hon. Ronald McNeill on 4 November 1927. He had been MP here since winning the seat at its creation in 1918.


1927 Canterbury by-election, Election history
From its first election in 1918 onwards, Canterbury was a safe Unionist seat. The result at the last General Election was


1927 Canterbury by-election, Candidates
On 15 November 1927 the local Labour Party met and decided not to run a candidate.


1927 Canterbury by-election, Campaign
Polling Day was set for 24 November 1927, just 20 days after the announcement of the vacancy, allowing for virtually no campaign.


1927 Canterbury by-election, Campaign
Liberal Leader David Lloyd George visited Canterbury to speak in support of the Liberal candidate.


1927 Canterbury by-election, Campaign
On 19 November 1927 voters polled in the 1927 Southend by-election which saw the Unionists hold the seat with a swing to the Liberals of less than 5%.


1927 Canterbury by-election, Campaign
At an eve of poll Unionist meeting the former Canterbury MP Lord Cushendun criticised "Ignorant Liberal Bleatings".


1927 Canterbury by-election, Result
Despite a swing of 13% to the Liberals, Wayland was able to hang onto the seat with some ease.


1927 Canterbury by-election, Aftermath
The Labour Party intervened in the next contest and enabled the Unionists to increase their majority. The result at the following General Election;


1927 Centenary Gentlemen football team
The 1927 Centenary Gentlemen football team represented the Centenary College of Louisiana during the 1927 college football season. Centenary posted an undefeated 10–0 record and beat four Southwestern Conference schools. It is one of the school's best ever teams.


1927 Central Michigan Bearcats football team
The 1927 Central State Bearcats football team represented Central State Teachers College, later renamed Central Michigan University, in the Michigan Collegiate Conference (MCC) during the 1927 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Wallace Parker, the Bearcats compiled a 7–1 record (2–1 against MCC opponents), shut out four of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 124 to 37. The team lost to its in-state rival Michigan State Normal (0–6).


1927 Cerro Chato referendum
A referendum was held in Cerro Chato, Uruguay on 3 July 1927.


1927 Cerro Chato referendum
The city is divided into three jurisdictions, belonging to the Departments of Durazno, Florida, and Treinta y Tres. People were asked whether they preferred the locality to be under only one jurisdiction.


1927 Cerro Chato referendum
The most peculiar fact is that, for the very first time in Latin America, women were allowed to vote.


1927 Chatham Cup
The 1927 Chatham Cup was the fifth annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1927 Chatham Cup
The competition was run on a regional basis, with five regional associations (Auckland, Wellington, Manawatu, Canterbury, and Otago) each holding separate qualifying rounds.


1927 Chatham Cup
Teams taking part in the final rounds included Ponsonby (who defeated Auckland Thistle in the Auckland regional final), St. Andrews (Manawatu), Northern (Dunedin), Nomads (Christchurch), and Wellington Marist (who defeated YMCA in the Wellington regional final).


1927 Chatham Cup, Teams, Auckland
Waro Wanderers, Ponsonby, Northcote, R.N.Z.N.A.F.C. (Navy), (Auckland) Thistle, Auckland Y.M.C.A., Onehunga A.F.C., Tramways, North Shore AFC, Huntly, Huntly Thistle AFC, Rotowaro, Pukemiro.


1927 Chatham Cup, Teams, Wellington
Mental Hospital A.F.C., Welgasco, Wellington Marist, Diamonds, Wellington Y.M.C.A., Swifts, Johnsonville, South Wellington,  Institute Old Boys', Petone FC, (Wellington) Thistle.


1927 Chatham Cup, Sunnyside
The 1926 champions Sunnyside, as a result of a disagreement with the Canterbury Football Association (C.F.A.) regarding fixtures, withdrew from all competitions in April 1927. A request was made to the C.F.A. to schedule three home games a month for Sunnyside owing to an allowance of only one Saturday per month leave for staff from the hospital, it was explained by the secretary of Sunnyside, Mr. Iain McLeod in a letter to the Christchurch Star.


1927 Chatham Cup, Sunnyside
McLeod reinforced to the paper that the purpose of the team was for entertainment of the patients and now the hospital had begun negotiations with the rugby football union to switch codes. A £41 payment to Sunnyside by the N.Z.F.A via the C.F.A. was also clarified by McLeod after reimbursement of 3s 8d had been received by the champion players after an expense of £4/player to travel to Dunedin and Wellington in 1926.


1927 Chatham Cup, Sunnyside
The sum forward to the club by the N.Z.F.A for the Chatham Cup win, raised questions in the papers prior to McLeod disclosing a considerable deduction of more than £32 by the C.F.A. due to prior arrangement. A number of Sunnyside players joined alternate association clubs in Christchurch after the decision to withdraw.


1927 Chatham Cup, The 1927 final
The final was played at Newtown Park, Wellington - the second of three finals to be held at that venue. In 1928 the final moved to the Basin Reserve, a venue which was used regularly until the 1970s; Newtown Park was not to host the final again until 1989.


1927 Chatham Cup, The 1927 final
In the final, which was noted by contemporary sources as being a dour match, Ponsonby made good use of a stiff Wellington wind in the first half, with goals from Gerry Hunter, Bob Innes, and J. Adshead. In the second half, the wind favoured Northern, who pulled two goals back through A. McDowell and A. McTavish. Northern pressed for the equaliser, spending long periods close to Ponsonby's goalmouth, but the Auckland side's defence held and the survived to win 3–2.


1927 Chatham Cup, The 1927 final, Northern protest
On returning to Dunedin from Wellington, the Northern club officials made the decision to protest the result of the final, on the grounds of an oversight of the rules regarding player eligibility and was not prepared to accept the N.Z.F.A. decision. It was also agreed by the Northern club that unless the matter was reconsidered by the N.Z.F.A. the case and the whole facts governing it would be set in motion to be placed before the Football Association in England.


1927 Chatham Cup, The 1927 final, Northern protest
A football contributor to the Otago Daily Times had even gone so far as to claim the "Ponies" sportsmanship was poor. New Zealand representative Tom McCormack had travelled with the Northern side to Wellington, but prior to the match commencing McCormack was deemed injured. A twelfth player selected by the Otago Association, Tom Ruddiman, a member of Northern for the last decade, was available to replace McCormack, but the N.Z.F.A. declared this a breach of the cup rules.


1927 Chatham Cup, The 1927 final, Northern protest
The captain of Ponsonby Bob Innes stated he was bound by the cup rules and did not have any power to agree to any infringement. The rule in question read as follows, "In the competition proper each player, except a player who has played for his club in the previous season, and has never played for any other club, must have played twice for his club in the current season seven days at least previous to the match.” Ruddiman had not met these stipulations, though he had played for Northern in the 1927 season. To file the protest with the N.Z.F.A. cost Northern a £2 2s fee, a reply was received late in 1927 dismissing the protest and retaining the fee.


1927 Chatham Cup, Results
Wellington teams: Institute, Thistle, Petone, Johnsonville and South Wellington first round byes.


1927 Chattanooga Moccasins football team
The 1927 Chattanooga Moccasins football team represented the University of Chattanooga as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) the 1927 college football season. The team tied for the SIAA championship.


1927 Chicago American Giants season
The 1927 Chicago American Giants baseball team represented the Chicago American Giants in the Negro National League (NNL) during the 1927 baseball season. The team compiled a 61–32–1 (.654) record, won the NNL pennant, and defeated the Bacharach Giants in the 1927 Colored World Series.


1927 Chicago American Giants season
Rube Foster was the team's owner, and Dave Malarcher was the player-manager. The team played its home games at Schorling Park in Chicago.


1927 Chicago American Giants season
The team's leading pitchers were Willie Foster (21–5, 2.03 ERA, 119 strikeouts) and Willie Powell (12–4, 2.25 ERA).


1927 Chicago Bears season
The 1927 season was the Chicago Bears' 8th in the National Football League. The team was unable to improve on their 12–1–3 record from 1926 and finished with a 9–3–2 record under head coach George Halas earning them a third-place finish in the team standings behind the New York Giants and the Green Bay Packers.


1927 Chicago Bears season
Notable games during this season were a split of the season series with the New York Yankees, led by former and future Bear Red Grange, a split of the season's games against crosstown rivals Chicago Cardinals, two wins over the Green Bay Packers, and, oddest of all, a win and a tie over the Frankford Yellowjackets. What makes the games with Frankford so notable is they were played back to back on December 3 and 4, with the first game in Frankford and the second in Chicago. The Bears also played the eventual champion New York Giants, losing 13–7.


1927 Chicago Bears season
Paddy Driscoll, William Senn, and Joey Sternaman again starred for the Bears. Driscoll ran for 5 touchdowns and threw 4 others; Senn had 3 rushing TDs and 2 receiving scores; and Sternaman ran for and caught 1 touchdown each, while passing for another. Owner and coach George Halas continued to play well, scoring 3 touchdowns himself, 2 on defense.


1927 Chicago Bears season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1927 Chicago Cardinals season
The 1927 Chicago Cardinals season was their eighth in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their previous output of 5–6–1, winning only three games. They finished ninth in the league.


1927 Chicago Cardinals season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1927 Chicago Cubs season
The 1927 Chicago Cubs season was the 56th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 52nd in the National League and the 12th at Wrigley Field (the first in which the park was officially named Wrigley Field). The Cubs finished fourth in the National League with a record of 85–68.


1927 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Chicago Maroons football team
The 1927 Chicago Maroons football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chicago during the 1927 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 36th season under head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, the Maroons compiled a 4–4 record, finished fourth in the Big Ten Conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 68 to 65.


1927 Chicago White Sox season
The 1927 Chicago White Sox season was a season in Major League Baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League, 39 games behind the pennant-winning New York Yankees.


1927 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1927 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1927 Chicago aldermanic election
The 1927 Chicago aldermanic election happened on February 22 to elect the 50 aldermen of the Chicago City Council, on the same day as the primary elections for the mayoral election. Candidates ran as nonpartisans, and if no candidate received a majority of votes in a given ward the top two candidates in that ward faced off in a runoff election on April 5, the same day as the general mayoral election.


1927 Chicago aldermanic election
All told, despite the nonpartisan nature of the elections, Democrats won 31 of the seats while Republicans won 19. 10 wards necessitated runoff elections, of which Democrats won 6 and Republicans 4. 13 aldermen—11 Democrats and two Republicans—were returned without opposition.


1927 Chicago mayoral election
The 1927 Chicago mayoral election was held on April 5. Democratic incumbent William Emmett Dever was defeated by Republican candidate William Hale Thompson, who had served as mayor from 1915 to 1923. Former health commissioner John Dill Robertson, who had been allied with the ex-mayor, broke with Thompson to run on his own and received more than five percent of the vote. It remains as of 2019 the last Chicago mayoral election not won by a Democrat.


1927 Chicago mayoral election
Dever enforced Prohibition despite being personally opposed to it. This led to increased bootlegging and violence in the city and reduced citizen support. Thompson and Robertson seized the opportunity and entered the race. Thompson promised to end the enforcement of Prohibition and accused the United Kingdom of trying to retake control of the United States, while Robertson promised to quash the crime wave. Thompson bitterly attacked his campaign opponents and it was public knowledge that he was supported and funded by Al Capone. Dever's supporters pushed back against Thompson's rhetoric, asserting that Dever had the sensible policies and the "decency" appropriate for the city. Thompson's victory damaged Chicago's national reputation.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Background
Democrat William Emmett Dever had been elected mayor of Chicago in 1923 and initially focused on reform. Observing the corruption of city government caused by bootleggers, he resolved to crack down on the illegal liquor trade and strengthen enforcement of Prohibition. He was himself opposed to Prohibition, but felt that disregard for one law could lead to disregard for others. His crackdown on Prohibition was initially effective and led to him being considered a potential dark horse candidate for President of the United States.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Background
Nevertheless, the limited supply of alcohol led to bootleggers competing with one another, increasing violence in the city, lowering Chicagoans' approval of Dever's performance. Aware of the effects of Prohibition enforcement on his mayoralty, Dever was reluctant to run for a second term in 1927, a feeling strengthened by poor health and lucrative job offers in the private sector. George E. Brennan, chief of the Democratic party, felt that Dever was the Democrats' strongest candidate against Thompson, and he and businessman Julius Rosenwald convinced Dever to run for reelection.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Background
Republican William Hale "Big Bill" Thompson, who was mayor for two terms from 1915 to 1923, took advantage of the situation and ran for a third term, promising to end the enforcement of Prohibition. Having declined a bid for reelection in 1923, he had managed to stay in the public eye by constructing a yawl named the Big Bill with his head as the figurehead and spending $25,000 to take it on an expedition to Borneo to find a tree-climbing fish, all ostensibly as a publicity stunt for the Illinois Waterway.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Background
He was immensely popular with the city's African-American community, having served as alderman of the 2nd ward, home of Chicago's largest black population, from 1900 to 1902. He also had enemies from his previous tenure, including the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Daily News, and had started to wear out his welcome with former allies such as party boss Frederick Lundin.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Background
John Dill Robertson, also known as "J.D. ", "Doctor Dill", and "Dill Pickle", who had previously been the city's health commissioner from 1915 to 1922 the President of the Chicago Board of Education after that, and an ally of Thompson, ran against Thompson in the Republican primary supported by Lundin. Serving at the time as President of the West Parks Board, he promised to enforce Prohibition while it was still on the books and to smash organized crime in thirty days if elected, comparing gunmen gangs to boils and the bootleg industry to an appendix. Lundin later had Robertson withdraw from the Republican primary in order to campaign for candidate Edward R. Litsinger, and Robertson agreed not to run as an independent in the general election if Litsinger won the primary. Early in the campaign Thompson debated with live rats representing Robertson and Lundin.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections
Primary elections took place on February 22, along with primary elections for City Clerk and City Treasurer and the first round of aldermanic elections.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Democratic primary
Dever faced no genuine opposition from within his party. Attorney Martin Walsh of the 27th ward filed on February 2, claiming to have the backing of "the old municipal ownership leaders" and joining the race "to give Mayor Dever a little exercise." Barratt O'Hara, former Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, withdrew from the race on February 11, claiming that running against Dever was hopeless and that Democrats opposed to Dever would vote in the Republican primary for Thompson.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Democratic primary
Although he overwhelmingly defeated his token opponent, winning all the wards and securing the citywide vote by more than 10 to 1, Dever's vote total in the Democratic primary was less than the margin of victory Thompson had secured in the Republican primary. Dever's camp argued that this was not a bad omen but rather that, due to the lack of a competitive race in the Democratic primary, many of Dever's supporters either did not participate in the primaries or voted instead for Thompson in the Republican primary to try and nominate the weaker prospective opponent. Dever anticipated that he would still be able to win reelection with more than 600,000 votes in the general election.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Republican primary
Edward R. Litsinger, who was chairman of the Cook County Board of Review and backed by reform-minded U.S. Senator Charles S. Deneen and Edward J. Brundage, (the latter of whom had split from his political ally Robert E. Crowe by supporting Litsinger) announced his platform on January 9.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Republican primary
He promised to compel the City Council to adopt an ordinance that would end the Chicago Traction Wars and mandate a board of control and the consolidation of all transportation lines, to construct subways, to form a police investigation into the rampant crime, to look at causes  of recent tax increases and investigate potential ways to reverse them, and to clean up streets and alleys.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Republican primary
Robertson initially planned to run in the primary before dropping out in favor of Litsinger per his agreement with Lundin, mounting an independent bid upon Litsinger's primary loss. Former policeman Eugene McCaffrey filed for candidacy on February 2 and attracted suspicion as many of the names on his petition sheets appeared to have been written in the same handwriting. He was allowed on the ballot and received more than 1,500 votes.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Republican primary
The Republican primary was marked by intense vitriol between the candidates. Thompson accused Robertson of messy eating, stating that "[ With] eggs in his whiskers, soup on his vest, you'd think the doc got his education driving a garbage wagon." Robertson retaliated, accusing Thompson of corruption. Litsinger reiterated such accusations against Thompson and further accused Thompson of conspiring to get 50,000 Democratic votes. Both candidates asserted that they were guaranteed victory and accused the other of conspiring to steal the primary.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Republican primary
In an open letter, Thompson charged that Edward Brundage and Fred Lundin were suburbanites and were guilty of betraying their city roots. He also alleged that Litsinger, who had come from Back of the Yards, had abandoned his roots, writing "You moved to the Gold Coast. Are you thinking of joining the high brows of Lake Forest and becoming a resident of Lake County too?"


1927 Chicago mayoral election, Primary elections, Republican primary
Thompson won by a surprisingly large margin; to many, his victory itself was a surprise. He carried 49 of the city's 50 wards. After Thompson's victory both partisans of Robertson and Democratic leaders claimed that Democratic voters for Thompson had propelled him to the Republican nomination, with the Democrats claiming that they did so in order to give Dever a weaker opponent in the general election. With Thompson's primary victory Robertson launched his independent campaign on February 23.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election
The general election was held on April 5, along with general elections for City Clerk and City Treasurer and aldermanic runoffs.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Thompson accused Dever of treason. Using the slogan "America First", he alleged that school superintendent William McAndrew was a British agent sent by King George as part of a grand conspiracy to manipulate the minds of American children and set the groundwork for the United Kingdom to repossess the United States; he accused the "left-handed Irishman" Dever of being part of the plot. Thompson based these claims on McAndrew being critical of such artworks as Archibald Willard's The Spirit of '76 and allowing the use in schools of textbooks which Thompson believed were unpatriotic.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Thompson declared that his America First slate would elect so many of its candidates that "the king of England will find out for the first time he is damned unpopular", and implied that he might have Dever sent to jail. He described Dever as "very weak, no courage, no manhood, doesn't know how to fight". He promised to reform the police department by ending enforcement of prohibition. He also criticized the League of Nations and the World Court. Thompson also supported ending the metering of municipal water.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Democratic chief Brennan said that "All the hoodlums are for Thompson", which Thompson used to convince his supporters that the Democrats were elitist and looked down upon them. Campaigning for German votes, Thompson stated:


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
They called me pro-German during the war because I kept my oath to protect the people. If you make a mistake and vote for some one who doesn't care for you or his oath to God, you'll have to pay the penalty. If I'm elected mayor, I'll build the largest town hall in the world where your German choruses of 25,000 voices can sing as they never have before.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Dever refused to engage in Thompson's style of rhetoric. He instead promised to engage in a debate of substantive issues, partaking only in a "decent, friendly discussion without malice or sensationalism". He responded to Thompson's accusations by declaring them "blarney" which he had no intention of dignifying, and noting that Thompson's comments on international affairs were irrelevant to the duties and powers of the mayoralty. He ran on the slogans "Dever for Decency" and "The best mayor Chicago ever had", the former also used by The Independent Republicans for Dever Committee.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
He attempted, particularly early in the race, to tout parts of his record such as his construction of Wacker Drive and 51 new schools, as well as a pure milk ordinance he had helped pass. He promised to continue his construction program, including building a long-anticipated State Street subway and widening LaSalle Street. He did concede that "no superman can be found to eliminate crime".


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Supporters of both Thompson and Dever resorted to bigotry. Some Republicans used anti-Catholic rhetoric against Dever. Some Democrats attempted to take advantage of Thompson's positive relation with the city's African-American community and divide voters racially, claiming that Thompson's election would lead to "Negro supremacy". Palm cards were circulated with an image of Thompson kissing a black boy and with the reverse side reading "Thompson—Me Africa First". Some Democrats hired black people to canvass white neighborhoods for Thompson in an effort to scare white voters. They also attempted to lure black Thompson voters downtown, where they did not often go, with a fake rally outside of Thompson's campaign headquarters. Supporters of each candidate accused the other's supporters of plotting to use underhanded tactics to steal the election.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Campaign
Robertson continued his platform of quashing crime, promising to "find another Theodore Roosevelt" as police chief and smash organized crime within thirty days. Also running was George Koop, who had previously been the Socialist candidate for mayor in 1907.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Endorsements
Deneen backed Thompson after his primary defeat. The Chicago Federation of Labor endorsed Thompson. Margaret Haley, president of the Chicago Federation of Teachers, personally endorsed him as well. The Cook County Wage-Earners' League ran an advertisement for Thompson in the Chicago Tribune, in which it claimed that 95 percent of the trades unions in Chicago endorsed him. Thompson was backed by two Hearst-owned newspapers, as well as the African-American Daily Defender and L'Italia, the city's second-best selling Italian newspaper. Martin Walsh, who had run against Dever in the Democratic Primary, served as a stump speaker for Thompson.


1927 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Endorsements
Thompson received the endorsement of Al Capone after promising lax enforcement of Prohibition. It was public knowledge that Capone was supporting Thompson's campaign effort, collecting campaign contributions from those who sold his beer. Capone donated between $100,000 and $500,000 to Thompson's campaign. Other crime figures backing Thompson included Jack Zuta, who gave $50,000 to his campaign, Timothy D. Murphy, and Vincent Drucci.