1930 state highway renumbering (New York), Pre-renumbering routes
The table below lists the routes in existence just prior to the 1930 renumbering and the effects of the renumbering on these routes.


1930 state highway renumbering (New York), Post-renumbering routes
The table below lists the routes in existence immediately following the renumbering, including those established as part of the renumbering. An asterisk (*) in the "Pre-1930 designations" column indicates a segment of highway that was previously unnumbered. If the cell in the "Pre-1930 designations" column is empty, then the entirety of the highway was previously unnumbered.


1930 Úrvalsdeild, Overview
ÍBA did not enter in 1930 so the number of teams dropped to five again. Valur won the club's first championship.


1930s
The 1930s (pronounced "nineteen-thirties" and commonly abbreviated as "the 30s") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1930, and ended on December 31, 1939.


1930s
The decade was defined by a global economic and political crisis that culminated in the Second World War. It saw the collapse of the international financial system, beginning with the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the largest stock market crash in American history. The subsequent economic downfall, called the Great Depression, had traumatic social effects worldwide, leading to widespread poverty and unemployment, especially in the economic superpower of the United States and in Germany, which was already struggling with the payment of reparations for the First World War. The Dust Bowl in the United States (which led to the nickname the "Dirty Thirties") further emphasised the scarcity of wealth. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected in 1933, introduced a program of broad-scale social reforms and stimulus plans called the New Deal in response to the crisis.


1930s
In the wake of the Depression, the decade also saw the rapid retreat of liberal democracy as authoritarian regimes emerged in countries across Europe and South America, including Italy, Spain, and in particular the Third Reich in Nazi Germany. With the rise of Adolf Hitler, Germany undertook a series of annexations and aggressions against neighboring territories in Central Europe, and imposed a series of laws which discriminated against Jews and other ethnic minorities.


1930s
Weaker states such as Ethiopia, China, and Poland were invaded by expansionist world powers, with the last of these attacks leading to the outbreak of World War II on September 1, 1939, despite calls from the League of Nations for worldwide peace. World War II helped end the Great Depression when governments spent money for the war effort. The 1930s also saw many important developments in science and a proliferation of new technologies, especially in the fields of intercontinental aviation, radio, and film.


1930s, Popular culture, Film
Charlie Chaplin in a scene from the film Modern Times (1936)


1930s, Popular culture, Film
Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz (1939)


1930s, Popular culture, Film
Albert Einstein with Charlie Chaplin during the premiere of "City Lights" (1931)


1930s, Popular culture, Fashion
The most characteristic North American fashion trend from the 1930s to 1945 was attention at the shoulder, with butterfly sleeves and banjo sleeves, and exaggerated shoulder pads for both men and women by the 1940s. The period also saw the first widespread use of man-made fibers, especially rayon for dresses and viscose for linings and lingerie, and synthetic nylon stockings. The zipper became widely used. These essentially U.S. developments were echoed, in varying degrees, in Britain and Europe.


1930s, Popular culture, Fashion
Suntans (called at the time "sunburns") became fashionable in the early 1930s, along with travel to the resorts along the Mediterranean, in the Bahamas, and on the east coast of Florida where one can acquire a tan, leading to new categories of clothes: white dinner jackets for men and beach pajamas, halter tops, and bare midriffs for women.


1930s, Popular culture, Fashion
Revolutionary designer and couturier Madeleine Vionnet gained popularity for her bias-cut technique, which clung, draped, and embraced the curves of the natural female body. Fashion trendsetters in the period included The Prince of Wales (King Edward VIII from January 1936 until his abdication that December) and his companion Wallis Simpson (the Duke and Duchess of Windsor from their marriage in June 1937), socialites like Nicolas de Gunzburg, Daisy Fellowes and Mona von Bismarck, and Hollywood movie stars such as Fred Astaire, Carole Lombard, and Joan Crawford.


1930s, Popular culture, Visual arts
Social realism became an important art movement during the Great Depression in the United States in the 1930s. Social realism generally portrayed imagery with socio-political meaning. Other related American artistic movements of the 1930s were American scene painting and Regionalism which were generally depictions of rural America, and historical images drawn from American history. Precisionism with its depictions of industrial America was also a popular art movement during the 1930s in the USA. During the Great Depression the art of photography played an important role in the Social Realist movement. The work of Dorothea Lange, Walker Evans, Margaret Bourke-White, Lewis Hine, Edward Steichen, Gordon Parks, Arthur Rothstein, Marion Post Wolcott, Doris Ulmann, Berenice Abbott, Aaron Siskind, Russell Lee, Ben Shahn (as a photographer) among several others were particularly influential.


1930s, Popular culture, Visual arts
The Works Progress Administration part of the Roosevelt Administration's New Deal sponsored the Federal Art Project, the Public Works of Art Project, and the Section of Painting and Sculpture which employed many American artists and helped them to make a living during the Great Depression.


1930s, Popular culture, Visual arts
Mexican muralism was a Mexican art movement that took place primarily in the 1930s. The movement stands out historically because of its political undertones, the majority of which of a Marxist nature, or related to a social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico. Also in Latin America Symbolism and Magic Realism were important movements.


1930s, Popular culture, Visual arts
In Europe during the 1930s and the Great Depression, Surrealism, late Cubism, the Bauhaus, De Stijl, Dada, German Expressionism, Symbolist and modernist painting in various guises characterized the art scene in Paris and elsewhere.


1930s, People, Actors/entertainers
Laurel & Hardy in their film "The Flying Deuces" (1939)


1930s, People, Actors/entertainers
Clark Gable as Rhett Butler in the trailer for Gone with the Wind (1939)


1930s, See also, Timeline
The following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events of the decade:


1930s Australian region cyclone seasons, Storms, Unnamed tropical cyclone near Cairns (1934)
On March 12, 1934, a powerful cyclone crossed the coast of Far North Queensland at Cape Tribulation. A pearling fleet was decimated by the system, resulting in the loss of 75 lives. The towns of Daintree and Mossman suffered extensive damage, with damage to vegetation reported in Cairns.


1930s Australian region cyclone seasons, Storms, Unnamed tropical cyclone near Broome (1935)
This is Australia's second deadliest cyclone in the 20th century. The Lacepede Islands near Broome were struck sinking 21 pearling luggers with 141 lives lost.


1930s Australian region cyclone seasons, Storms, Unnamed tropical cyclone near Roebourne (1939)
Nine people died on 11 January 1939 with the loss of the Nicol Bay, on a holiday cruise to the Ashburton River. Some properties in Roebourne, Western Australia sustained damage.


1930s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
The following is a list of North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones from 1930 to 1939. Records from before the 1970s were extremely unreliable, and storms that stayed at sea were often only reported by ship reports.


1930s in Angola
In the 1930s in Angola the Portuguese colonial government of António de Oliveira Salazar cut spending on colonization, leading to less emigration to Angola and a decline in the population of Portuguese Angolans.


1930s in Angola
The Portuguese government passed the Colonial Act in May 1930, centralizing the empire's administration and limiting the power of governor-generals. The settler population in Angola grew from 30,000 in May 1930 to 59,000 in 1931, but declined to 44,000 by 1940. By 1961 however, when the war for independence began, the population had risen to 170,000.


1930s in Angola
In 1930, Portugal's ambassador to Denmark wrote to his superiors, informing them that Angolan separatists had participated in the Sixth Comintern Congress in Moscow, Soviet Union from July–August 1928. L'Ami du peuple, a French newspaper, reported that a "Negro from the Portuguese colony of Angola... announced with a cannibalistic smile that when the hour of their liberation sounded, the black proletariat would know how to exact an unforgettable vengeance [on] the white colonists."


1930s in Angola, Economy
In the 1930s, the Salazar government instituted tariffs on Angola to limit investment from Portugal's colonial competitors while investing in Angola's infrastructure to increase exports to Portugal. Angolans completed the construction of the Benguela railway in 1929 and opened it to transportation in 1931. The railway facilitated the exportation of minerals mined in Belgian-ruled Katanga through Angola's western ports. The South African Oppenheimer Trust produced and exported Angolan diamonds, making the diamond industry a vital part of Angola's economy for the first time in the 1930s.


1930s in Angola, Economy
Angolans exported 11,839 tons of coffee in 1930, exceeding the previous annual export record of 11,066 tons in 1895. Salazar selected one factory in Angola to produce industrial alcohol in 1932. The factory, competing only with a selected factory in colonial Mozambique, derived its alcohol from molasses and diluted the product with petroleum to maximize its utility. Unfortunately, drought and locusts in 1934 compounded the effects of the Great Depression. Natives, unable to pay the colonists' tax of US$3.80, faced forced conscription and enslavement. Many farmers, indebted to settlers, auctioned their daughters for sexual slavery. British Consul General Smallbones explicitly labeled and condemned Portugal's conscription policy as slavery in 1930. Portugal's Governor-General for Angola and the minister of colonies denied the charge and Salazar maintained the policy.


1930s in comics
See also: 1920s in comics, other events of the 1930s, 1940s in comics and the list of years in comics


1930s in comics
Publications: 1930 - 1931 - 1932 - 1933 - 1934 - 1935 - 1936 - 1937 - 1938 - 1939


1930s in film
The decade of the 1930s in film involved many significant films. The year 1939, in particular, was one of the biggest years (and is still considered one of the greatest years) in Hollywood with MGM's release of Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz.


1930s in film, Events
The 1930s was a decade of political turmoil and economic problems; the Great Depression had affected the entire world, and Europe was dealing with both the fallout of World War I and the economic hardships of the time, both of which resulted in the rise of fascist political movements. The uncertainty of the era resulted in widespread popularity of fantastical, escapist fare. Swashbuckling adventures and the safe scares of the Universal Horror films were highly successful during this period.


1930s in film, Events
Many full-length films were produced during the decade of the 1930s. Sound films – the so-called "talkies" – were a global phenomenon by the early 1930s. Advances in color film included Technicolor and Kodachrome.


1930s in film, Events
1930 marks the start of what is considered to be the 'golden age' of Hollywood, a period which lasted through at least the 1940s. The studio system was at its highest in the 30s, with studios having great control over a film's creative decision. This included the creation of the Hay's Code, which was the first large scale attempt at organized censorship of Hollywood films.


1930s in film, Events
This was also a decade in which many memorable stars made their careers and saw their earliest starring roles.


1930s in film, Events, Trends
Following the switch to talking movies c. 1926/1927, many classic films were remade in the 1930s (and later). These include Alice In Wonderland (1933), Cleopatra (1934), and The Prisoner of Zenda (1937).


1930s in film, Events, Trends
Among the numerous remakes and new films were the 'monster movies', with a wide spectrum of stereotypical monsters. Given that many of these films were produced by Universal, they are regarded as part of the 'Universal Horror' genre. The first of these films debuted in 1931, and consisted of Dracula, Frankenstein, plus Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, then a 1932 trio with The Mummy, Vampyr, and White Zombie, followed by a 1933 trio of King Kong, The Invisible Man, and Mystery of the Wax Museum. In 1935, appeared Werewolf of London and The Raven leading to 1939's The Hunchback of Notre Dame.


1930s in film, Events, Trends
Within five years of sound films, sequel films and spin-off plots appeared. Examples include The Son of Kong (same year, 1933), Bride of Frankenstein (1935), and Dracula's Daughter (1936).


1930s in film, Events, Trends
The 1930s saw the rise of some of the best known performers in acting and film history. The aforementioned Dracula and Frankenstein films both launched the careers of Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff, respectively; the two men would spend much of the decade starring in Universal Horror films. Actor Errol Flynn, best known for his role as Robin Hood, saw his first starring part in Captain Blood. The Marx Brothers, making their debut at the end of the silent era, rose to fame in the 1930s.


1930s in film, Events, Trends
The meteoric but short film career of Jean Harlow, The Blonde Bombshell, was completely contained in the 1930s. Fred Astaire, with his frequent partner Ginger Rogers, revolutionized film musicals. With charm and a "distinctive kind of nonmacho masculinity", Cary Grant became the decade's "epitome of masculine glamour". Other stars of this era included Clark Gable, Katharine Hepburn, child star Shirley Temple, Spencer Tracy, and Mae West.


1930s in film, Events, Trends
A number of actors from the previous decade continued to be well regarded, such as Charlie Chaplin and Greta Garbo.


1930s in film, Events, Trends
The Hays Code and the end of the Pre-Code era


1930s in film, Events, Trends
In response to a number of scandals in the 1920s, the studios adopted a series of guidelines known as the "Hays Code", after its creator Will H. Hays. Hays was the head of the Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors Association, which would later be renamed as the Motion Picture Association of America in 1945. Starting in 1927, Hays began compiling a list of topics which he thought Hollywood should avoid. The code was revealed and implemented in 1930, but it was not until 1934, with the establishment of the Production Code Administration, that it was significantly enforced. Due to this delay in enforcement capability, the Pre-Code era of Hollywood is technically considered to last until 1934, despite the code itself being unveiled in 1930.


1930s in film, Events, Trends
The specific date in which the Pre-Code era ends could be considered July 1, 1934. According to an amendment made on June 13, 1934, all films released after July 1 of that year had to receive a PCA certificate of approval. After this, the code was stringently enforced, though various forbidden subjects became less taboo and thus regulations regarding them were gradually relaxed. The code would remain in effect until 1968, when it was abandoned entirely. It was then replaced by the familiar letter rating system.


1930s in jazz
Swing jazz emerged as a dominant form in American music, in which some virtuoso soloists became as famous as the band leaders. Key figures in developing the "big" jazz band included bandleaders and arrangers Count Basie, Cab Calloway, Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Fletcher Henderson, Earl Hines, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw. Duke Ellington and his band members composed numerous swing era hits that have become standards: "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" (1932), "Sophisticated Lady" (1933) and "Caravan" (1936), among others. Other influential bandleaders of this period were Benny Goodman and Count Basie.


1930s in jazz
Swing was also dance music. It was broadcast on the radio 'live' nightly across America for many years especially by Hines and his Grand Terrace Cafe Orchestra broadcasting coast-to-coast from Chicago, well placed for 'live' time-zones. Although it was a collective sound, swing also offered individual musicians a chance to 'solo' and improvise melodic, thematic solos which could at times be very complex and 'important' music. Over time, social structures regarding racial segregation began to relax in America: white bandleaders began to recruit black musicians and black bandleaders. In the mid-1930s, Benny Goodman hired pianist Teddy Wilson, vibraphonist Lionel Hampton, and guitarist Charlie Christian to join small groups. Kansas City Jazz in the 1930s as exemplified by tenor saxophonist Lester Young marked the transition from big bands to the bebop influence of the 1940s.


1930s in jazz
Outside of the United States the beginnings of a distinct European style of jazz emerged in France with the Quintette du Hot Club de France which began in 1934. Belgian guitar virtuoso Django Reinhardt popularised gypsy jazz, a mix of 1930s American swing, French dance hall "musette" and Eastern European folk with a languid, seductive feel. The main instruments are steel stringed guitar, violin, and double bass. Solos pass from one player to another as the guitar and bass play the role of the rhythm section. Some music researchers hold that it was Philadelphia's Eddie Lang (guitar) and Joe Venuti (violin) who pioneered the gypsy jazz form, which was brought to France after they had been heard live or on Okeh Records in the late 1920s.


1930s in jazz
Broadway theatre contributed some of the most popular standards of the 1930s, including George and Ira Gershwin's "Summertime" (1935), Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart's "My Funny Valentine" (1937) and Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II's "All the Things You Are" (1939). These songs still rank among the most recorded standards. Johnny Green's "Body and Soul" was introduced in Broadway and became a hit after Coleman Hawkins's 1939 recording. It is the most recorded jazz standard of all time. It is the bread and butter.


1930s in sociology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1930s.


1930–1945 in Western fashion
The most characteristic North American fashion trend from the 1930s to 1945  was attention at the shoulder, with butterfly sleeves and banjo sleeves, and exaggerated shoulder pads for both men and women by the 1940s. The period also saw the first widespread use of man-made fibers, especially rayon for dresses and viscose for linings and lingerie, and synthetic nylon stockings. The zipper became widely used. These essentially U.S. developments were echoed, in varying degrees, in Britain and Europe.


1930–1945 in Western fashion
Suntans (called at the time "sunburns") became fashionable in the early 1930s, along with travel to the resorts along the Mediterranean, in the Bahamas, and on the east coast of Florida where one can acquire a tan, leading to new categories of clothes: white dinner jackets for men and beach pajamas, halter tops, and bare midriffs for women.


1930–1945 in Western fashion
Fashion trendsetters in the period included Edward VIII and his companion Wallis Simpson, socialites like Nicolas de Gunzburg, Daisy Fellowes and Mona von Bismarck and such Hollywood movie stars as Fred Astaire, Carole Lombard and Joan Crawford.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
The lighthearted, forward-looking attitude and fashions of the late 1920s lingered through most of 1930, but by the end of that year the effects of the Great Depression began to affect the public, and a more conservative approach to fashion displaced that of the 1920s. For women, skirts became longer and the waist-line was returned up to its normal position. Other aspects of fashion from the 1920s took longer to phase out. Cloche hats remained popular until about 1933 while short hair remained popular for many women until late in the 1930s and even in the early 1940s.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
The Great Depression took its toll on the 1930s womenswear due to World War II which dates from 1939 to 1945. This greatly affected the fashion of how women dressed during the 1940s era. According to Shrimpton "Committed to ensuring the fair distribution of scarce but essential resources, namely food, clothing, and furniture, the government introduced a comprehensive rationing scheme based on allocation of coupons - a system deriving, ironically, from the German rationing plan devised in November 1930."


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
Because of the economic crash, designers were forced to slash prices for clothing in order to keep their business afloat, especially those working in couture houses. Designers were also forced to use cheaper fabric and materials, and dress patterns also grew in popularity as many women knew how to sew. Hence, clothing was made more accessible, and there was also a continuation of mass production, which was rising in popularity since the 1920s. The 1930s allowed women from all classes and socio backgrounds to be fashionable, regardless of wealth.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
With prices slashes on types of fabrics utilized for designing, new inventions such as the zip made garments quicker and cheaper to make. This was also influenced by the rise in women entering the workforce alongside the rise of the business girl, as they still were able to afford to dress well and stay in style.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
Daywear also had to be functional, but it never lost its touch of elegance or femininity, as the dresses would still naturally highlight the female or womanly shape with cinched waistlines, skirts fitted to the hip and fullness added to the hem with flared gores or pleats. Frilled rayon blouses also went with the cinched waist.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
Because clothes were rationed and fabric was scarcer, the hem lines of dresses rose to knee length. The main sort of dress in the 1940s included features such as an hour glass shape figure, broad shoulders, nipped in high waist tops and A line skirts that came down to just at the knee. Many different celebrities who embraced this type of style such as Joan Crawford, Ginger Rogers, Barbara Stanwyck, and Ava Gardner. Even though daywear dresses were influenced by the war, evening dresses remained glamorous.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
Women's undergarments became the soul of fashion in the 1940s because it maintained the critical hourglass shape with smooth lines. Clothes became utilitarian. Pants or trousers were considered a menswear item only until the 1940s. Women working in factories first wore men's pants but over time, factories began to make pants for women out of fabric such as cotton, denim, or wool. Coats were long and down to the knee for warmth.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Overview
Major fashion magazines at the time including Vogue continued to cater to the fashionable and wealthy women of the 1930s to continue reporting and reflecting the most popular trends in that time period, despite the impact the economic crash had on them. The wealthiest still managed to afford and keep up with the most high-end or the most coveted designs and maintain their lifestyle.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
Throughout the 1930s and early 1940s, a second influence vied with Paris couturiers as a wellspring for ideas: the American cinema. As Hollywood movies gained their popularities, general public idolized movie stars as their role models. Paris-based fashion houses were losing their power and influences in most major fashion trends during these years. Many American and European moviegoers were fascinated by and got interested in overall fashion including clothes and hairstyles of movie stars which led to various fashion trends. After the movie Tarzan, animal prints became popular.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
On the other hand, different styles such as bias-cut, satin, Jean Harlow-style evening dresses and the casual look of Katharine Hepburn also became famous. Paris designers such as Elsa Schiaparelli and Lucien Lelong acknowledged the impact of film costumes on their work. LeLong said "We, the couturiers, can no longer live without the cinema any more than the cinema can live without us. We corroborate each others' instinct.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
The 1890s leg-o-mutton sleeves designed by Walter Plunkett for Irene Dunne in 1931's Cimarron helped to launch the broad-shouldered look, and Adrian's little velvet hat worn tipped over one eye by Greta Garbo in Romance (1930) became the "Empress Eugénie hat ... Universally copied in a wide price range, it influenced how women wore their hats for the rest of the decade." During late 1920s to early 1940s, Gilbert Adrian was the head of the costume department at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the most prestigious and famous Hollywood movie studio.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
He produced numerous signature styles for the top actresses of the period, as well as countless fashion fads during those times. One of his popular dresses was gingham dress, a cotton dress with a checked or striped pattern, that he made for Judy Garland for the movie The Wizard of Oz in 1939, and for Katharine Hepburn for the movie The Philadelphia Story in 1940. Movie costumes were covered not only in film fan magazines, but in influential fashion magazines such as Women's Wear Daily, Harper's Bazaar, and Vogue.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
Adrian's puff-sleeved gown for Joan Crawford Letty Lynton was copied by Macy's in 1932 and sold over 500,000 copies nationwide. The dress was appraised as one of the most influential pieces in the era's fashion, inspiring numerous designers to showcase similar styles in their own work. One of Crawford's widely influential pieces was a white organdy dress with ruffle adornments. With the use of shoulder pads, the dress made the movement freer, emphasizing the back by removing adornments previously popularized in the 1920s.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
One of the most stylistically influential films of the 1930s was 1939's Gone with the Wind. The dresses in the movie were designed with simplified adornments and a mixture of different monotone hues as opposed to using a varied color palette. This was considered to be Plunkett's intentional design to utilize modernism, the emerging aesthetic of the 1930s. Plunkett received praise for producing costumes that adequately harmonized the era of the movie with the aesthetic sense of the late 1930s. The costumes brought back the Neo-Victorian style, as well as strong use of symbolic color.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
It inspired the Princess Ballgown, a Victorian style dress reduced to full A line skirts with petticoats underneath for fullness. It was the most popular style for teens going to prom. Plunkett's "barbecue dress" for Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara was the most widely copied dress after the Duchess of Windsor's wedding costume, and Vogue credited the "Scarlett O'Hara" look with bringing full skirts worn over crinolines back into wedding fashion after a decade of sleek, figure-hugging styles.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
Lana Turner's 1937 film They Won't Forget made her the first Sweater girl, an informal look for young women relying on large breasts pushed up and out by bras, which continued to be influential into the 1950s, and was arguably the first major style of youth fashion.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
Travis Banton gained his fame by, after working at a couture house in New York, designing costumes for Marlene Dietrich as a head designer of Paramount. His style was softer and more alluring than Adrian's, embodying femininity by his sense of balance with the use of Vionnet's bias-cut, and was known for refined concepts of simple lines and classic styles. Many famous movie stars during the 1930s such as Magdalene Dietrich and Mae West at Paramount became the models of wit, intellect and beauty through Banton's elegant costumes. The costumes he made for Dietrich for various movies such as Shanghai Express 1932, and The Scarlet Empress 1934 portray her sharp regality.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Fashion and the movies
Retail clothing and accessories inspired by the period costumes of Adrian, Plunkett, Travis Banton, Howard Greer, and others influenced what women wore until war-time restrictions on fabric stopped the flow of lavish costumes from Hollywood.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Hard chic and feminine flutters
Jean Patou, who had first raised hemlines to 18" off the floor with his "flapper" dresses of 1924, had begun lowering them again in 1927, using Vionnet's handkerchief hemline to disguise the change. By 1930, longer skirts and natural waists were shown everywhere.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Hard chic and feminine flutters
But it is Schiaparelli who is credited with "changing the outline of fashion from soft to hard, from vague to definite." She introduced the zipper, synthetic fabrics, simple suits with bold color accents, tailored evening gowns with matching jackets, wide shoulders, and the color shocking pink to the fashion world. By 1933, the trend toward wide shoulders and narrow waists had eclipsed the emphasis on the hips of the later 1920s. Wide shoulders would remain a staple of fashion until after World War II.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Hard chic and feminine flutters
In contrast with the hard chic worn by the "international set". designers such as Britain's Norman Hartnell made soft, pretty dresses with fluttering or puffed sleeves and loose calf-length skirts suited to a feminine figure. His "white mourning" wardrobe for the new Queen Elizabeth's 1938 state visit to Paris started a brief rage for all-white clothing.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Hard chic and feminine flutters
Feminine curves were highlighted in the 1930s through the use of the bias-cut. Madeleine Vionnet was an early innovator of the bias-cut, using it to create clinging dresses that draped over the body's contours.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Hard chic and feminine flutters
Through the mid-1930s, the natural waistline was often accompanied by emphasis on an empire line. Short bolero jackets, capelets, and dresses cut with fitted midriffs or seams below the bust increased the focus on breadth at the shoulder. By the late 1930s, emphasis was moving to the back, with halter necklines and high-necked but backless evening gowns with sleeves. Evening gowns with matching jackets were worn to the theatre, nightclubs, and elegant restaurants.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Hard chic and feminine flutters
Skirts remained at mid-calf length for day, but the end of the 1930s Paris designers were showing fuller skirts reaching just below the knee;  this practical length (without the wasteful fullness) would remain in style for day dresses through the war years.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Hard chic and feminine flutters
Other notable fashion trends in this period include the introduction of the ensemble (matching dresses or skirts and coats) and the handkerchief skirt, which had many panels, insets, pleats or gathers. The clutch coat was fashionable in this period as well; it had to be held shut as there was no fastening. By 1945, adolescents began wearing loose, poncho-like sweaters called sloppy joes. Full , gathered skirts, known as the dirndl skirt, became popular around 1945.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Accessories
Gloves were "enormously important" in this period. They were a type of accessory that came to be seen as more of a comfort rather than for style. The elaborate trim was removed and was replaced by plain gloves. Evening gowns were accompanied by elbow length gloves, and day costumes were worn with short or opera-length gloves of fabric or leather.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Accessories
Manufacturers and retailers introduced coordinating ensembles of hat, gloves and shoes, or gloves and scarf, or hat and bag, often in striking colours. For spring 1936, Chicago's Marshall Field's department store offered a black hat by Lilly Daché trimmed with an antelope leather bow in "Pernod green, apple blossom pink, mimosa yellow or carnation blush" and suggested a handbag to match the bow.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Accessories
When war broke out in 1939, many women purchased handbags with a respirator pouch due to fear of poison gas attacks.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Sportswear
During the mid to late 1930s, swimsuits became more revealing than those of the 1920s, and often featured lower necklines and no sleeves. These were made from nylon and rayon instead of the traditional wool, and no longer included a short modesty skirt. Experimental swimsuits made from spruce wood veneer were a fad in the early 1930s, but did not catch on among the mainstream.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Marriage of Wallis Simpson and King Edward VIII (from January 1936 until his abdication)
Notable American socialite was Wallis Simpson and her marriage to Prince Edward was also seen as influential trendsetters during the 1930s period of fashion. Their marriage was historical, been called “The Greatest Love Story of the 20th Century” by some, due to the fact that Prince Edward was royalty and in line for the throne. However, his love affair with Wallis Simpson is what attracted attention and made headlines.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Marriage of Wallis Simpson and King Edward VIII (from January 1936 until his abdication)
Simpson was not only a socialite, but she was American and a divorcee, both of which were deal breakers for the royal family at the time. As Prince Edward found he could not marry Simpson on these circumstances, he did the unthinkable by giving up the throne to marry her. As the two wed in 1937, their marriage marked a more progressive mindset that people slowly began to adopt, as people already wanted to ditch old traditions and trade it for new ones, especially for those in the royal family.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, 1930s, Marriage of Wallis Simpson and King Edward VIII (from January 1936 until his abdication)
Their wedding and marriage was well chronicled by Vogue, including a spread of Wallis Simpson before her wedding day, captured by iconic fashion photographer, Cecil Beaton, which included the iconic Lobster dress by Elsa Schiaparelli, which included a hand-painted lobster by Salvador Dalí, a significant surrealist artist and painter in the 1930s.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years
Wartime austerity led to restrictions on the number of new clothes that people bought and the amount of fabric that clothing manufacturers could use. Women working on war service adopted trousers as a practical necessity. The United States government requisitioned all silk supplies, forcing the hosiery industry to completely switch to nylon. In March 1942 the government then requisitioned all nylon for parachutes and other war uses, leaving only the unpopular cotton and rayon stockings. The industry feared that not wearing stockings would become a fad, and advised stores to increase hosiery advertising. When nylon stockings reappeared in the shops there were "nylon riots" as customers fought over the first deliveries.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years
In Britain, clothing was strictly rationed, with a system of "points", and the Board of Trade issued regulations for "Utility Clothes" in 1941. In America the War Production Board issued its Regulation L85 on March 8, 1942, specifying restrictions for every item of women's clothing. Because the military used so much green and brown dye, manufacturers used more red dye in clothing. Easily laddered stockings were a particular concern in Britain; women were forced to either paint them on (including the back seam) or to join the WRNS, who continued to issue them, in a cunning aid to recruitment. Later in the war, American soldiers became a source of the new nylon stockings.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years
Most women wore skirts at or near knee-length, with simply-cut blouses or shirts and square-shouldered jackets. Popular magazines and pattern companies advised women on how to remake men's suits into smart outfits, since the men were in uniform and the cloth would otherwise sit unused. Eisenhower jackets became popular in this period. Influenced by the military, these jackets were bloused at the chest and fitted at the waist with a belt. The combination of neat blouses and sensibly tailored suits became the distinctive attire of the working woman, college girl, and young society matron.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years
The shirtwaist dress, an all-purpose garment, also emerged during the 1930s. The shirtwaist dress was worn for all occasions, besides those that were extremely formal, and were modest in design. The dress could either have long or short sleeves, a modest neckline and skirt that fell below the knee. The bust was rounded but not particularly emphasized and the waistline was often belted in its normal position. Pockets were both functional and used for decoration and were accompanied by buttons down the front, around the sides or up the back of the dress.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years
These dresses often were accompanied by coordination coats, which were made out of contrasting fabric but lined with the dress fabric. The jacket was often constructed in a boxy fashion and had wide lapels, wide shoulders and numerous pockets. The dress and coat combination created an overall effect of sensibility, modesty and girl next door lifestyle that contrasted the very popular, second-skin like style of the bias-cut evening gown.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Headwear
The 1940s was a period marked by iconic headwear. Because of the war, current European fashion was no longer available to women in the United States. In 1941, hatmakers failed to popularize Chinese and American Indian-based designs, causing one milliner to lament "How different when Paris was the fountainhead of style". As with hosiery hatmakers feared that bareheadness would become popular, and introduced new designs such as "Winged Victory Turbans" and "Commando Caps" in "Victory Gold". American designers, who were often overlooked, became more popular as American women began to wear their designs.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Headwear
American designers of ready-to-wear contributed in other ways too. They made improvements to sizing standards and began to use fiber content and care labels in clothing. Hats were one of the few pieces of clothing that was not rationed during WWII, therefore there was a lot of attention paid to these headpieces. Styles ranged from turbans to straw hats. The snood was an important accessory to a woman working in the factory. Snoods were fashionable and functional at the same time, they enabled factory women who were wearing pants and jumpsuits to still look feminine.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Headwear
Snoods pulled hair out of the face by containing it all at the back of the head in a hanging net. With all the long hair hanging in the net, the front of the hair was left out and could be curled and styled to glamourize the factory uniforms. Other popular headpieces were variations of headscarves, such as the bandana Rosie the Riveter is pictured wearing in the recruitment posters. Another variation of the headscarf was simply tying a square scarf folded in half under the chin.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Headwear
Later in the 1950s and 60s these headscarves became highly glamorized by celebrities like Audrey Hepburn, Brigitte Bardot, and Jacqueline Kennedy. This glamorized look came from women in the 1940s who wore headscarves over their victory rolls in order to make their simple clothes look dressed up. Draped turbans – sometimes fashioned from headscarves – also made an appearance in fashion, representing the working woman of the period. These were worn by women of all classes. This type of headwear could be glamorous or practical.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Headwear
Turbans were the most functional for the working woman because she was able to have all her hair out of her face and skip washing her hair by covering it with the turban. Both turbans and headscarves were useful for hiding curlers so when a woman got off work all she had to do was take out her curlers and her hair would be set for a night out. All these alternative options to hats were popular, not only for function and glamour, but also because the look could be achieved quite inexpensively.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Swimwear
An important style that became popular due to the war was the two-piece swimsuit which later led to the Bikini. In 1942, the War Production Board passed a law called the L-85 which put restrictions on clothing production. For swimwear companies the L-85 meant they had to use 10 percent less fabric in all their designs, as a result swimsuits became smaller. Swimsuits had been becoming more minimal for a while but in 1944 Tina Leser debuted one of the first two-piece swimsuits.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Swimwear
Even though the bottoms were high waisted, cut low on the legs, and paired with a modest bandeau, Lesers’ two piece was still considered a daring style for the era. According to Sarah Kennedy, author of The Swimsuit: A History of Twentieth-Century Fashion, unlike the bikini the two-piece was created out of necessity and was not meant to be shocking. Apparently there was an unspoken rule that bellybuttons must never show which accounts for the high waisted bottoms. Despite it being scandalous to some, the two-piece was eventually accepted because there really wasn't another option.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Swimwear
The L-85 did not only make swimsuits smaller, but it also pushed designers to become more creative with their designs, this led to suits that accentuated and drew attention to women's bodies. This was done by putting boning in the swimwear. Two years after Leser debuted one of the first two-pieces, the bikini was invented in 1946 by a French engineer named Louis Réard. It was apparently named after the Bikini Atoll, which was the site of a nuclear bomb test in 1946, because Réard hoped its impact would be explosive in the fashion world.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Womenswear, War years, Swimwear
The bikini was even more daring than the two-piece, thus it did not become popular until 1953 when Brigitte Bardot was photographed in one at the Cannes Film Festival. Although the bikini did become popular in Europe in 1953 it did not become popular in the United States until the 1960s.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Menswear, Overview
For men, the most noticeable effect of the general sobering associated with the Great Depression was that the range of colors became more subdued. The bright colors popular in the 1920s fell out of fashion.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Menswear, Suits
By the early 1930s, the "drape cut" or "London Drape" suit championed by Frederick Scholte, tailor to the Prince of Wales, was taking the world of men's fashion by storm. The new suit was softer and more flexible in construction than the suits of the previous generation; extra fabric in the shoulder and armscye, light padding, a slightly nipped waist, and fuller sleeves tapered at the wrist resulted in a cut with flattering folds or drapes front and back that enhanced a man's figure.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Menswear, Suits
The straight leg wide-trousers (the standard size was 23 inches at the cuff) that men had worn in the 1920s also became tapered at the bottom for the first time around 1935. The new suit was adopted enthusiastically by Hollywood stars including Fred Astaire, Cary Grant, and Gary Cooper, who became the new fashion trendsetters after the Prince's abdication and exile. By the early 1940s, Hollywood tailors had exaggerated the drape to the point of caricature, outfitting film noir mobsters and private eyes in suits with heavily padded chests, enormous shoulders, and wide flowing trousers. Musicians and other fashion experimenters adopted the most extreme form of the drape, the zoot suit, with very high waists, pegged trousers, and long coats.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Menswear, Formal wear
In the early 1930s, new forms of summer evening clothes were introduced as appropriate for the popular seaside resorts. The waist-length white mess jacket, worn with a cummerbund rather than a waistcoat, was modeled after formal clothing of British officers in tropical climates. This was followed by a white dinner jacket, single or double-breasted. Both white jackets were worn with black bow ties and black trousers trimmed with braid down the side seams.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Menswear, Sportswear
By 1933, knickerbockers and plus-fours, which had been commonly worn as sports-clothes in the 1920s had lost favor to casual trousers among the fashionable. In Britain and South Africa, brightly striped blazers in red, white and blue were often worn in the summer both as informal wear, and for sports such as tennis, rowing or cricket. This continued until wartime rationing rendered the distinctive fabric unobtainable.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Menswear, Accessories
The most common hat of this period was the fedora, often worn tipped down over one eye at a rakish angle. The more conservative Homburg also remained popular, especially among older people and even began to be worn with semi-formal evening clothes in place of the tophat, which in turn became confined to wear with formal. Neckties were wide, and bold geometric designs were popular, including stripes, and quadrilateral designs.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Menswear, Wartime restrictions
Many things affected the style of clothes that people wore. Austerity also affected men's civilian clothes during the war years. The British "Utility Suit" and American "Victory Suit" were both made of wool-synthetic blend yarns, without pleats, cuffs (turn-ups), sleeve buttons or patch pockets; jackets were shorter, trousers were narrower, and double-breasted suits were made without vests (waistcoats). Men who were not in uniform could, of course, continue to wear pre-war suits they already owned, and many did so.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Working clothes
Both men and women working on war service wore practical trousers or overalls. Women bundled their hair up in caps, scarves, and snoods.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Children's clothes
Children's clothing in the 1930s and 1940s was heavily impacted by the problems of the era with many families suffering from financial difficulties from the Great Depression and material shortages and rationing during the Second World War. Clothing was frequently homemade with mothers often making garments from other items such as sacks. However, these outfits were often based on popular fashions. Sewing patterns to guide their creation were often included in magazines. Exchanges were set up where children's clothes which had been outgrown by their previous owners could be handed down.


1930–1945 in Western fashion, Children's clothes
However, fashion continued to be a major influence on the way children were clothed with contemporary writing suggesting that many were interested in how they looked and keeping up with current trends. Frilly dresses with embellished puffy sleeves inspired by those worn by child fashion icons such as American filmstar Shirley Temple and British princesses Elizabeth and Margaret were popular with girls in the 1930s. Hemlines were shorter for younger girls and reached below the knee as they grew older. Young boys were generally dressed in short trousers usually combined with a shirt but sailor suits also remained popular.


1930–31 1re série season
The 1930–31 1re série season was the 15th season of the 1re série, the top level of ice hockey in France. Chamonix Hockey Club won their seventh league title.


1930–31 Aberdeen F.C. season
The 1930–31 season was Aberdeen's 26th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 27th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One and the Scottish Cup.


1930–31 Allsvenskan
Allsvenskan 1930–31, part of the 1930–31 Swedish football season, was the seventh Allsvenskan season played. The first match was played 3 August 1930 and the last match was played 7 June 1931. GAIS won the league ahead of runners-up AIK, while Redbergslids IK and Sandvikens IF were relegated.


1930–31 Arsenal F.C. season
The 1930–31 season was Arsenal's 12th consecutive season in the top division of English football. After winning the FA Cup the previous term, they claimed their first Division 1 title this season, finishing seven points clear of Aston Villa. Arsenal failed to retain the FA Cup, losing to Chelsea in the fourth round, but won the Charity Shield against Sheffield Wednesday in October 1930. Arsenal’s top scorer in the league was Jack Lambert, who scored 38 league goals and 39 times overall. The club earned 66 points from 42 league matches, with 28 wins, 10 draws and 4 losses.


1930–31 Arsenal F.C. season
Arsenal started the season well, winning the opening two matches 4-1 away from home, and won the first five league matches, and remained unbeaten for the first nine, before beating league champions Sheffield Wednesday 2-1 in the Charity Shield. They then suffered their first defeat of the season, 4-2, at Derby County, before making up for it with a 5-2 win over challengers Aston Villa nearly a month later. In December Arsenal beat Blackpool 7-1 to finish 1930 on a high.


1930–31 Arsenal F.C. season
The following month they beat Aston Villa after a replay in the FA Cup third round, though the cup run ended in the next round at Chelsea. Arsenal then claimed their biggest-ever league win at Highbury in a 9-1 annihilation of Grimsby Town, with David Jack hitting four and Jack Lambert grabbing a hat-trick. A 7-2 win at Leicester City and a 6-3 victory over Derby County helped Arsenal in their title charge, but were stopped in their tracks on 14 March in a 5-1 loss at Aston Villa. Nonetheless, a 3-1 win over Liverpool on 18 April ensured Arsenal won the league for the first of thirteen times in their history.


1930–31 Aston Villa F.C. season
Aston Villa played the  1930–31 English football season in the Football League First Division. Villa started the season with four successive league wins, a record not matched until the 2020-2021 Season.


1930–31 Aston Villa F.C. season
Villa scored 128 league goals in 42 matches, a First Division record. Villa's Pongo Waring finished as the leagues top scorer with 49 goals, overshadowing Eric Houghton who scored 30 goals. As of 2020, this remains the Villa record season for goals scored.


1930–31 Austrian football championship, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and First Vienna FC won the championship.


1930–31 Belgian First Division, Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Royal Antwerp FC won the championship.


1930–31 Birmingham F.C. season
The 1930–31 Football League season was Birmingham Football Club's 35th in the Football League and their 18th in the First Division. They finished in 19th position in the 22-team division, five points clear of the relegation places. They also competed in the 1930–31 FA Cup, entering at the third round proper and reaching the final for the first time in the club's history. They lost 2–1 to Second Division club West Bromwich Albion.


1930–31 Birmingham F.C. season
Twenty-seven players made at least one appearance in nationally organised competition, and there were eleven different goalscorers. Forward Ernie Curtis played in 47 of the 49 matches over the season, and, for the 10th successive year, Joe Bradford was leading scorer, with 22 goals in all competitions, of which 14 came in the league. George Briggs scored more league goals, with 15.


1930–31 Birmingham F.C. season
The 9–1 defeat away to Sheffield Wednesday on 13 December equalled the club record for widest margin of defeat.


1930–31 Birmingham F.C. season, FA Cup
Birmingham "won finely" at Anfield to defeat Liverpool 2–0, then eliminated Port Vale and, with Ernie Curtis "in magnificent form", Watford, to reach the sixth round in which they played Chelsea. Playing in a blizzard at St Andrew's, Chelsea took the lead and had a second goal disallowed before the change of ends brought a change of fortunes. George Briggs crossed for Joe Bradford's header, then Briggs and Bradford combined for Curtis to put Birmingham ahead. With ten minutes left, a misplaced clearance by Bob Gregg allowed Jackie Crawford to equalise.


1930–31 Birmingham F.C. season, FA Cup
The replay at Stamford Bridge, before a ground-record crowd of 74,365 with thousands more locked out, remained goalless until Chelsea half-backs John Townrow and Sid Bishop were injured. With no substitutes permitted, Birmingham took advantage, winning the tie 3–0 with goals from Jack Firth and two from Bradford. Curtis opened the scoring half an hour into the semi-final against First Division Sunderland. Sunderland's players thought they should have had a penalty, they failed to take numerous chances, and Harry Hibbs made some fine saves, but three minutes from time, Curtis had a shot blocked, Bradford "rushed in to help his colleague and between them they scored the second goal".


1930–31 Birmingham F.C. season, FA Cup
After six minutes of the final, Bob Gregg's header from Jimmy Cringan's free kick was ruled offside; newspaper reports suggest the decision was incorrect. After 24 minutes, Ned Barkas deflected W. G. Richardson's shot away from Hibbs and Richardson steered it home. Chances were missed by both sides before Joe Bradford equalised with a 25-yard (23 m) shot. But straight from the restart, Albion ran the ball down the field, George Liddell sliced his clearance to Richardson's feet, and the forward scored from close range.


1930–31 Blackpool F.C. season
The 1930–31 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 30th season (27th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing twentieth and conceding a record 125 goals. Albert Watson's equalising goal against Manchester City in the final league game of the season was dubbed a "£10,000 goal", because it was said to be worth at least that amount as it secured the club's top-flight survival and its short-term future with the guarantee of large attendances for the next twelve months.


1930–31 Blackpool F.C. season
Jimmy Hampson was the club's top scorer for the fourth consecutive season, with 33 goals in total (32 in the league and one in the FA Cup).


1930–31 Boston Bruins season
The 1930–31 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' seventh season in the NHL. The Bruins repeated as division champions, but lost in the semi-finals of the playoffs.


1930–31 Boston Bruins season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals AgainstTeams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1930–31 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs
The Boston Bruins lost to the Montreal Canadiens in the Semi-Finals 3–2.


1930–31 Boston Bruins season, Player statistics, Playoffs
The Boston Bruins lost to the Montreal Canadiens 3–2 in the Semi-Finals.


1930–31 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The 1930–31 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 24th in the club's history.


1930–31 Bradford City A.F.C. season
The club finished 10th in Division Two, and reached the 4th round of the FA Cup.


1930–31 Brentford F.C. season
During the 1930–31 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division South. Despite failing to challenge for promotion, the Bees finished in 3rd place and advanced to the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time in four years.


1930–31 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Brentford entered the 1930–31 Third Division South season with largely the same personnel which secured a runners-up finish the previous year. The only significant signing was goalkeeper Edward Nash from Swindon Town in September 1930, to cover for Freddie Fox, from whom Nash would take over the goalkeeping position during the second half of the season. The previous season's prolific forward line of Billy Lane, Jack Lane and Cecil Blakemore again showed excellent goalscoring form during the first half of the season, with Bill Berry returning to the fold after a season in the reserve team and replacing the out-of-form John Payne.


1930–31 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Despite the large number of goals, the team's form was patchy, though a run of 8 defeats in 15 league matches between 27 September and 27 December 1930 only dropped the Bees from 5th to 7th position. An 8–2 victory over Crystal Palace on Christmas Day was Brentford's biggest win of the season and equalled the club record for highest aggregate score in a Football League match. The Bees also embarked on a run to the fourth round of the FA Cup, falling to First Division Portsmouth at Griffin Park.


1930–31 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Despite the transfer of 19-goal Jack Lane to Crystal Palace in January 1931, Brentford's form improved, with Billy Lane continuing to score and new forward signings George Robson and Les Wilkins making a contribution. 9 wins in the final 31 matches saw the Bees finish the season in 3rd place, 9 points behind champions Notts County.


1930–31 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Brentford's 1930–31 season is notable for the amount of hat-tricks scored, with Billy Lane claiming three, Jack Lane two and Frederick Gamble one, which convinced West Ham United to sign Gamble in exchange for Les Wilkins in February 1931, despite Gamble having made only 13 appearances in just under two years. During the season, Billy Lane and Jack Lane each scored a hat-trick in the same match twice during a one-month period – in the 6–1 FA Cup first round victory over Ilford on 29 November 1930 and in the 8–2 league victory over Crystal Palace on Christmas Day.


1930–31 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary
Jack Lane's only goal of the game versus Norwich City in the FA Cup second round on 13 December 1930 marked the first time in the club's Football League history that three players had reached 10 goals for the season prior to Christmas Day. The other goalscorers then on double figures were Billy Lane and Cecil Blakemore.


1930–31 British Home Championship
The 1930–31 British Home Championship was a football tournament played between the British Home Nations during the 1930–31 season. The trophy was shared between England and Scotland as at the time a win was only worth two points and a draw one. Thus despite England's dominance of the opening matches, their defeat to Scotland in the final game gave the Scots a share in the victory even though it was the only game they won.


1930–31 British Home Championship
England began the tournament in commanding fashion, with heavy defeats of Ireland and Wales in their opening matches. Scotland by contrast struggled, only managing draws with both opponents and  coming close to being upset in both matches. Going into the final match, England were already assured of a winners position, and only needed to draw with Scotland to take the position unopposed. However this proved beyond them as the Scots ran out 2–0 winners in Glasgow. In the competition's final match, Wales and Ireland fought a furious battle for third place, with the Welsh just edging the victory 3–2.


1930–31 British Ice Hockey season
The 1930–31 British Ice Hockey season consisted of a Scottish League and a suspended English League.


1930–31 British Ice Hockey season
The league in England was suspended due to the European and World Championships that took place during the season. Kelvingrove won the Scottish League and cup double.


1930–31 British Ice Hockey season, English League
A series of friendly matches were arranged featuring the following teams -


1930–31 British Ice Hockey season, Scottish League
Nine teams participated in the league, and Kelvingrove won the championship and receiving the Canada Cup.


1930–31 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team
The 1930–31 Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represented the University of Buffalo during the 1930–31 NCAA college men's basketball season. The head coach was Art Powell, coaching his fifteenth season with the Bulls.


1930–31 Campionat de Catalunya
The 1930–31 Campionat de Catalunya season was the 32nd since its establishment and was played between 21 September and 23 November 1930.


1930–31 Campionat de Catalunya, Overview before the season
Six teams joined the Division One league, including three that would play the 1930–31 La Liga and three from the 1930–31 Tercera División.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season
The 1930–31 season was the 30th season of competitive football played by Cardiff City F.C.. It was the team's second season in the Second Division of the Football League since being relegated from the First Division during the 1928–29 season. They finished bottom of the Second Division after winning only 8 of their 42 league matches and scoring the fewest amount of goals in the league and were relegated to the Third Division South.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season
In the FA Cup, Cardiff were beaten by Third Division South side Brentford in a replay. A replay of the final of the 1929–30 Welsh Cup was held in October 1930 with Cardiff defeating Rhyl 4–2 following a hat-trick by Len Davies. In the 1930–31 Welsh Cup, Cardiff reached the semi-final before being eliminated by Shrewsbury Town. George Emmerson featured in more matches than any other player during the season, appearing 46 times in the campaign. Walter Robbins was the club's highest scoring player, netting 12 times in all competitions.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Background
Cardiff City played in the Football League Second Division in the 1930–31 season, having been relegated from the First Division during the 1928–29 season. It was the team's tenth season in the Football League since their inaugural campaign in 1920. The previous season, Cardiff had finished in eighth place in the Second Division, while a drop in attendance figures following relegation had led the club's board to allow the sale of several players to bolster their depleted finances.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Background
One highlight of the season had the first hosting of a South Wales derby since 1920, with Cardiff and Swansea Town meeting three times in during the campaign. The matches had attracted the biggest crowds of the season for both sides and the success led to plans being proposed for an annual competition between the two, but these ultimately failed to come to fruition.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Background
Before the new season, Jimmy Nelson was sold to Newcastle United for £7,000 after nine years with Cardiff. Billy Thirlaway was also sold to Tunbridge Wells. The club's board also approached captain Fred Keenor about reducing his wages, which were still at the same level as they had been during their First Division seasons. Keenor had been earning £8 a week, but the new deal reduced this to £6 a week during the season and £4 a week during the summer. The board hoped the reduction would force Keenor to move elsewhere, avoiding any criticism from fans over selling him. Keenor however was keen to remain in Cardiff and accepted the new terms. Billy Hardy, who had been with the club since 1912, was appointed to a player-coach role.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Background
As funds were limited, Fred Stewart made few additions to the playing squad. The most high profile signings were George Emmerson from Middlesbrough and local amateur Eddie Jenkins.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, August–December
Cardiff's opening game of the season was a South Wales derby against Swansea Town on 30 August 1930. Ralph Williams, Cardiff's top goalscorer the previous season, scored his first goal of the new campaign after 15 minutes before Swansea answered with three goals to take control of the game. Williams added a second goal late on but Swansea held on to win 3–2. The defeat proved to be the start of a five-game losing streak that began the campaign; in their following four matches, Cardiff conceded thirteen goals and scored only four in reply.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, August–December
They claimed their first point of the season in their sixth match on 17 September, securing a 1–1 draw with Everton with Williams scoring his side's goal. A draw with Bradford City followed three days later before Cardiff secured their first win of the season by beating Plymouth Argyle 4–1 on 22 September. Both Walter Robbins and Len Davies scored their first goals of the campaign, the former with a brace.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, August–December
Davies would appear in two further matches, a defeat against Charlton Athletic on 27 September and a victory over Barnsley a week later before appendicitis ruled him out for more than four months. The latter fixture also ended Emlyn John's season when he suffered a broken ankle in a collision with an opposition player; the injury left Cardiff with ten players out injured during the early part of the campaign. Cardiff gained only one further point in October, during a 1–1 draw against Nottingham Forest, but began November positively by winning consecutive matches against Southampton and Reading.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, August–December
The latter victory saw Robbins score his second brace of the season while recent arrival Albert Valentine scored his first goals for the club as Cardiff ran out 5–0 winners. The side scored only once in their next three matches, defeats against Stoke City, Bradford and Wolverhampton Wanderers. On 6 December, Robbins scored the side's first league hat-trick of the season in a 4–4 draw with Millwall. Although they suffered a heavy 7–0 defeat to Preston North End a week later, Cardiff again scored four on 20 December, defeating Burnley with Robbins adding another brace.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, August–December
Williams made his first appearance since October on 26 December but his goal proved to be a consolation as Cardiff lost 5–1 in the return fixture against Plymouth. Cardiff's last fixture of the calendar year was the second South Wales derby of the season. Leslie Jones scored the only goal of the game as Cardiff defeated their local rivals for the first time in the Football League.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, January–May
Due to a clash with FA Cup fixtures, Cardiff played only three matches in January losing two and winning one. In the first defeat, a 3–2 loss against West Bromwich Albion, new signing Jimmy McCambridge scored a brace on his debut having arrived the day before from Everton, but was unable to stop his side suffering defeat. Their only victory came in a 2–1 defeat of Port Vale at Ninian Park on 17 January as Robbins scored a brace.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, January–May
Their last match in January, a 2–0 defeat to Charlton, proved to be the start of a low-scoring run as the team scored only 8 times in their final 17 league matches. McCambridge added his third goal of the campaign in a 2–1 loss to Bradford City on 4 February before the team failed to score in three consecutive matches, losing to Barnsley and Bristol City before drawing with Oldham Athletic.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, January–May
Davies added his second of the season after returning from his appendicitis issues in a 3–1 defeat to Nottingham Forest on 28 February, while March opened with further defeats to Southampton and Reading. Cardiff broke an eight-match winless run on 21 March by beating Stoke 3–2 on 21 March with McCambridge scoring a hat-trick. He added a brace just over a week later in a 2–2 draw with Tottenham Hotspur but this proved to be the side's last goals until the final game of the season as they failed to score in five consecutive matches, drawing three and losing two.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Second Division, January–May
Their final game of the campaign ended in a 3–1 defeat to Bury as Cardiff ended the season having won only 1 of their final 17 fixtures. They finished bottom of the Second Division having scored the fewest goals in the league and were subsequently relegated to the Third Division South.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Cup matches, FA Cup
Cardiff entered the FA Cup in the third round and were drawn against Third Division South side Brentford. The first match took place on 10 January at the opposition's Griffin Park and ended in a 2–2 draw with Jones and Valentine scoring for Cardiff. As a result, the two sides met again four days later in a replay at Ninian Park. Robbins scored for Cardiff but his side fell to a 2–1 defeat and were eliminated from the competition.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Cup matches, Welsh Cup
The Welsh Cup final the previous season had ended in a goalless draw between Cardiff and Rhyl. Unusually, the Football Association of Wales (FAW) did not host a replay of the final until October 1930, three months into the following season. On 8 October, Cardiff met Rhyl in a replay and won the match 4–2 following a hat-trick from Davies and one goal by Jones.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Cup matches, Welsh Cup
Cardiff entered the 1930–31 Welsh Cup in the third round where they were drawn against Barry Town on 4 March 1931. Cardiff proved too strong for their opponents despite fielding several reserve players, winning the match 7–3 with braces from Matt Robinson, Davies and Bill Merry and one from George Emmerson. For the 1930–31 season, the (FAW) had allowed English club's located near the Wales-England border to compete in the competition for the first time. Cardiff were drawn against English side Chester in the sixth round, winning 1–0 following a goal by McCambridge. However, in the semi-final Cardiff were eliminated by English opposition after losing 1–0 to Shrewsbury Town.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Player details
Stewart used 32 players throughout the season in an attempt to right the club's poor form. Emmerson made more appearances than any other player during the campaign, appearing in 46 matches. Such was the frequency of personnel changes that only one other player, goalkeeper Tom Farquharson, made more than 40 appearances and only five others, George Blackburn, Tom Helsby, Jones, Keenor and John Smith made 30 or more. Three players, Ralph Blakemore, Alfred Mayo and Tom Wilson, made a single appearance during the season and would never play for the first team again. Robbins was the team's highest scorer during the campaign, netting 12 times in all competitions. He was the only player to achieve double figures during the season; his nearest rivals were Jones and McCambridge who both scored 9. In total, 13 players scored at least one goal during the season.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Aftermath
A second relegation in as many seasons prompted the club to release several long-serving players including club captain Keenor, record goalscorer Davies and Harry Wake. Other first team players who were released included Blackburn, Bird, Robinson, Valentine, Bobby Weale and Williams. Albert Keating was also due to be released following a doctor's report on his knee, however he was eventually retained for the following season.


1930–31 Cardiff City F.C. season, Aftermath
The poor results of the first team severely impacted the club's finances; attendance figures at the club averaged below 10,000 for the season and totalled around £9,000 in revenue, a drop of more than £5,000 from the previous season. The income was the lowest the club had gained since the First World War and resulted in an overall loss of £723 for the campaign. Cardiff would not return to the second tier for more than 15 years, eventually gaining promotion in the 1947–48 season.


1930–31 Carlisle United F.C. season
For the 1930–31 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.


1930–31 Celtic F.C. season
During the 1930–31 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in the Scottish First Division.


1930–31 Challenge Cup
The 1930–31 Challenge Cup was the 31st staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.


1930–31 Challenge Cup, Semi Finals, Final
Halifax beat York 22-8 in the final at Wembley before a crowd of 40,368.


1930–31 Challenge Cup, Semi Finals, Final
This was Halifax’s third Challenge Cup final win in four Cup Final appearances.


1930–31 Challenge Cup, Semi Finals, Final
To date this was the only Challenge Cup Final appearance by York.


1930–31 Chicago Black Hawks season
The 1930–31 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's fifth season in the NHL, and they were coming off a surprising season, in which they finished over .500 for the first time in team history, and making the playoffs after a two-year absence. The Hawks would go on to lose to the Montreal Canadiens in the first round. Prior to the season, Chicago would name former team captain and player-coach Dick Irvin as the head coach. The team responded with a club record 24 wins and 51 points, and finished in second place in the American Division, and make the playoffs for the 2nd straight season.


1930–31 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season
Chicago was led offensively once again by Johnny Gottselig, who scored a club high 20 goals and 32 points, and by Tom Cook, who was the team leader in assists with 14, and finished 2nd in team scoring with 29 points. Frank Ingram would have a big season, scoring a career high 17 goals.


1930–31 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season
In goal, Chuck Gardiner would play in every game, and he would break the Hawks record for wins (24), shutouts (12) and GAA (1.73). The Hawks finished with the 2nd fewest goals against in the league.


1930–31 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season, Season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals AgainstTeams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1930–31 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs
The Hawks would open the playoffs in a two-game total-goals series against the Toronto Maple Leafs, and for the first time in team history, the Black Hawks won the series by a score of 4–3. Next up was a two-game total-goals series against the New York Rangers, and Chuck Gardiner would shine by shutting New York out in both games, as the Hawks won the series by a 3–0 score and earn a berth in the Stanley Cup Finals against the Montreal Canadiens.


1930–31 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs
The Hawks would lose the first game of the best-of-five series, but then would win two in a row in overtime to take a 2–1 series lead. Montreal would respond with a 4–2 victory in game four, and then the Canadiens would put away the Black Hawks with a 2–0 win in the fifth and deciding game, ending the Black Hawks dream of winning the championship one win short.


1930–31 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team
The 1930–31 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team represented the University of Cincinnati during the 1930–31 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Frank Rice, coaching his third season with the Bearcats. The team finished with an overall record of 2–15.


1930–31 Connecticut Aggies men's basketball team
The 1930–31 Connecticut Aggies men's basketball team represented Connecticut Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut, in the 1930–31 collegiate men's basketball season. The Aggies completed the season with a 10–6 overall record. The Aggies were members of the New England Conference, where they ended the season with a 2–1 record. The Aggies played their home games at Hawley Armory in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by fourth-year head coach Louis A. Alexander and returning fifth-year head coach Sumner A. Dole.


1930–31 Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey season
The 1930–31 Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey season was the 25th season of play for the program. The teams was coached by Nick Bawlf in his 11th season.


1930–31 Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey season, Season
Cornell began the season having to contend with extended periods of thaw that prevented them from getting much practice in before the winter break. The Big Red were quick out of the gate, winning their first match of the year 7–2. The offense continued to play well in the second game, scoring the first 4 goal against Rensselaer before the Engineers nearly stormed back, ending the match with a 5–3 win.


1930–31 Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey season, Season
The team returned after the semester break and picked up right where they left off, winning their third game of the season 4–2. The team suffered a serious loss when their leading goal scorer McKowne was ruled ineligible after the game. captain Clark was shifted to center while Walsh took over on defense. The result was the Big Red got shutout in their next game, ending their winning streak against Williams.


1930–31 Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey season, Season
The team recovered for their final game of the season, but still faced a formidable opponent in Clarkson. Cornell lost their last game of the season, but they were still able to finish with a winning record. This was the first time in program history that the Big Red were able to string two winning seasons together. The team wouldn't be able to repeat that feat until 1965.


1930–31 Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey season, Season
Owing to the lack of available ice, Cornell was forced to cancel all games over the next two seasons. They finally resumed play in 1934.


1930–31 Czechoslovak First League
Statistics of Czechoslovak First League in the 1930–31 season. Josef Silný was the league's top scorer with 18 goals.


1930–31 Czechoslovak First League, Overview
It was contested by 8 teams, and Slavia Prague won the championship.


1930–31 Danish Championship League
Following are the statistics of the Danish Championship League in the 1930–31 season.


1930–31 Danish Championship League, Overview
It was contested by 10 teams, and Boldklubben Frem won the championship.


1930–31 Detroit Falcons season
The 1930–31 Detroit Falcons season was the Detroit National Hockey League (NHL) franchise's fifth season of play and the first known as the Detroit Falcons. The Falcons missed the playoffs


1930–31 Detroit Falcons season, Regular season, Final standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals AgainstTeams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.


1930–31 Detroit Falcons season, Player statistics, Regular season
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals      MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;


1930–31 Divizia A
The 1930–31 Divizia A was the nineteenth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.


1930–31 Divizia A, Champion squad
Goalkeepers: Carol Damacsek. Defenders: Alexandru Pomacsek, Györi. Midfielders: Sinko, Sepe, Jozsef Bundi. Forwards: Fibișanu, Eugen Lakatos, Silviu Ploeșteanu, Jozsef Kilianovics, Moise. (the players that played the final)


1930–31 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team
The 1930–31 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry during the 1930–31 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 4th year head coach Walter Halas, played their home games at Curtis Hall Gym.


1930–31 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team
The 1930–31 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 1930–31 men's college basketball season. The head coach was Eddie Cameron, coaching his third season with the Blue Devils. The team finished with an overall record of 14–7.


1930–31 Dumbarton F.C. season
The 1930–31 season was the 54th Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League and the Scottish Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Dumbartonshire Cup.


1930–31 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League
In their ninth consecutive season in the Second Division, things were looking bright for Dumbarton's league challenge, as at the turn of the year they were lying only a point behind a promotion place. However a run of 5 straight defeats in January 1931 snuffed out these hopes and in the end Dumbarton finished a midtable 10th out of 20, with 38 points - 23 behind champions Third Lanark.


1930–31 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup
Dumbarton were knocked out in the first round by Aberdeen.


1930–31 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dumbartonshire Cup
Dumbarton retained the Dumbartonshire Cup, again beating Clydebank in the final, with Willie Parlane scoring all five goals.


1930–31 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies
Elsewhere 3 friendly matches were played, including a match against a Rangers XI and two trial matches for the Dumbartonshire Juniors. Of these matches, there was 1 win and 2 losses, scoring 4 goals for the loss of 4.


1930–31 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Caps
Stewart Lennie and Willie Parlane earned their first amateur caps playing for Scotland against Wales and England respectively in the Amateur Home Internationals.


1930–31 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers, Players out
In addition William Hyslop, William Kirk, William Livingston and Archibald McLardie all played their last games in Dumbarton 'colours'.


1930–31 Dundee F.C. season
The 1930–31 season was the thirty-sixth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division One, where they would finish in 8th place. Dundee would also compete in the Scottish Cup, where they would make it to the 3rd round before being knocked out by Aberdeen in a replay.


1930–31 Dundee United F.C. season
The 1930–31 season was the 26th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1930 to 30 June 1931.


1930–31 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results
Dundee United played a total of 44 matches during the 1930–31 season.


1930–31 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend
All results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics


1930–31 Egypt Cup
The 1930–31 Egypt Cup was the 10th edition of the Egypt Cup.


1930–31 Egypt Cup
The final was held on 26 June 1931. The match was contested by Al Ahly and Zamalek, with Al Ahly winning 4–1. In that game, Mokhtar El Tetsh was the first player to score a hat trick in the Cairo Derby.


1930–31 Eintracht Frankfurt season
The 1930–31 Eintracht Frankfurt season was the 31st season in the club's football history. In 1930–31 the club played in the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen (Main division), then one of many top tiers of German football. It was the club's 4th season in the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen (Main division).


1930–31 Eintracht Frankfurt season
The season ended up with Eintracht finishing the South German championship as runners-up, but later losing to Hamburger SV in the quarter-final in the run for the German championship knockout stage.


1930–31 Elitserien season
The 1930–31 Elitserien season was the fourth season of the Elitserien, the top level ice hockey league in Sweden. Seven teams participated in the league, and Sodertalje SK won the league championship.


1930–31 F.B.C. Juventus season
During the 1930-31 Foot-Ball Club Juventus played in Serie A and Mitropa Cup.


1930–31 F.B.C. Juventus season, Summary
The team competed in its second Serie A with sole group format, and clinched  the  title. The club replaced Scottish couch Billy Aitken with former Italian National Team manager Carlo Carcano introducing Metodo tactic (2-3-2-3) with the defenders trio Combi-Rosetta-Caligaris (one of all-time best defenders line up).


1930–31 F.B.C. Juventus season, Summary
The club renforced the block with Alfredo Bodoira and Umberto Ghibaudo. In midfield arrived argentinen Eugenio Castellucci, also Francesco Rier and Aldo Vollono, on attack from Argentina José Maglio along with Giovanni Ferrari, Gilberto Pogliano et Giovanni Vecchina.


1930–31 F.B.C. Juventus season, Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1930–31 FA Cup
The FA Cup 1930–31 was the 56th staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. West Bromwich Albion of the Football League Second Division won the competition, beating First Division team Birmingham 2–1 in the final at Wembley, London. In doing so Albion became the first and to date only club to both win the cup and gain promotion in the same year.


1930–31 FA Cup
Matches were played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.


1930–31 FA Cup, Results, First Round Proper
At this stage clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South (except Hull City and Brighton & Hove Albion, byes to third round) joined those non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds. Matches were played on Saturday, 29 November 1930. Six matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.


1930–31 FA Cup, Results, Second Round Proper
The matches were played on Saturday, 13 December 1930. Two matches were drawn, with replays taking place on Thursday, 18 December 1930.


1930–31 FA Cup, Results, Third Round Proper
The 44 First and Second Division club plus Third Division clubs Hull City and Brighton & Hove Albion and amateur club Corinthian entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 10 January 1931, though one was postponed until later the same week. Nine matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week. Three matches required a second replay; these were all played on Monday, 19 January 1931.


1930–31 FA Cup, Results, Fourth Round Proper
The matches were played on Saturday, 24 January 1931. Two matches were drawn, the replays being played on Wednesday, 28 January 1931.


1930–31 FA Cup, Results, Fifth Round Proper
The matches were played on Saturday, 14 February 1931. No replays were necessary.


1930–31 FA Cup, Final rounds, Final
The final took place on Saturday, 25 April 1931 at Wembley and ended in a victory for West Bromwich Albion by 2–1, with goals scored by "Ginger" Richardson for West Bromwich Albion and Joe Bradford for Birmingham. The attendance was 92,406.


1930–31 FAI Cup
The FAI Cup 1930–31 was the tenth edition of Ireland's premier cup competition, The Football Association of Ireland Challenge Cup or FAI Cup. The tournament began on 28 December 1930 and concluded on 9 May 1931 with the final replay held at Dalymount Park, Dublin. An official attendance of 10,000 people watched Shamrock Rovers claim the third of five FAI Cup titles in a row by defeating Dundalk.


1930–31 FAI Cup, Notes
A. From 1923-1936, the FAI Cup was known as the Free State Cup.


1930–31 FAI Cup, Notes
B.   Attendances were calculated using gate receipts which limited their accuracy as a large proportion of people, particularly children, attended football matches in Ireland throughout the 20th century for free by a number of means.


1930–31 FC Barcelona season
The 1930–31 season is FC Barcelona's 32nd in existence, and was their third year in the Primera División. It covers the period from 1930-08-01 to 1931-07-31.


1930–31 FC Barcelona season
FC Barcelona won the Catalan league for the 17th time, the 2nd in a row, their only title in the season.


1930–31 FC Barcelona season, First-team squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1930–31 FC Barcelona season, Transfers, In
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1930–31 FC Barcelona season, Transfers, Out
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1930–31 FC Basel season
The FC Basel 1930–31 season was their thirty eighth season since the club's foundation on 15 November 1893. FC Basel played their home games in the Landhof in the district Wettstein in Kleinbasel. The club's chairman was former player Otto Kuhn for the second successive year.


1930–31 FC Basel season, Overview
Former player Gustav Putzendopler was appointed as new coach/manager, succeeding Gyula Kertész who had moved on to Hamburger SV. Putzendopler coached the team in a total of 31 matches in their 1930–31 season. 23 of these matches were in the domestic league, 19 in the qualification round and four in the final round. Further, one match was in the Swiss Cup and seven games were friendly matches. Of these seven friendlies three were played at home in the Landhof, one other game was played in Switzerland, two in Germany and one in Mulhouse. Of the friendly games two were won, two were drawn and three ended with a defeat. Of the entire 31 matches, 15 ended with a victory, five with a draw and there were 11 defeats.


1930–31 FC Basel season, Overview
The 1930–31 Swiss Serie A was divided into three regional groups, new each group with 11 teams, this due to the larger modification in the league system in the next season. The two teams that ended the group at the top of the table continued to the finals. The top six teams in the table would play the following season in the new Nationalliga, the bottom five teams would play the following season in the new second level named 1 Liga. Basel were allocated to the Central group together with the other local clubs Concordia Basel, Nordstern Basel and Old Boys Basel and newly promoted Black Stars Basel. The other six teams allocated to this group were Young Boys Bern, FC Bern, Aarau, Grenchen and Solothurn and newly promoted FC Luzern.


1930–31 FC Basel season, Overview
FC Basel played a good league season, out of the first nine games resulted just one defeat. The games in the new year were somewhat more problematic. In the last game of the season a defeat against Nordstern nearly cost them their place within the top two, because now these two teams were level on points. Basel and Nordstern had to play a barrage and put themselves through to the final by winning two goals to one. Leopold Kielholz was the team's top league goal scorer with 19 goals, he managed a hat-trick in the game against Grenchen on 28 September 1930. Jørgen Juve was second best scorer with 10 goals, he managed a hat-trick in the game against Black Stars Basel on 1 March 1931.


1930–31 FC Basel season, Overview
In the preliminary round of the Swiss Cup Basel were drawn at home against FC Locarno and the lost the game after extra time. The game had ended 2–2 after 90 minutes, after 120 minutes the score was 4–4 and so a further 2x 15 minutes were played. The final score was 4–5 and the winning goal was scored in the 150 minute.


1930–31 FC Basel season, Overview
A curiosity note to this season is the player Hector Fisher. A tennis player, described as a cosmopolitan "Burmese-Siamese-English-Swiss" athlete. After spending time at Oxford University, he had played tennis there, he moved to Switzerland and played tennis at higher levels. He represented Switzerland during his tennis career and played in the Davis Cup in the years between 1931 and 1939. Fisher also won the Swiss Open in Gstaad four times in 1923, 1928, 1929 and 1931. He played football for Montreux-Sports and played for Basel in this season.


1930–31 FC Basel season, Players
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.


1930–31 Football League
The 1930–31 season was the 39th season of The Football League.


1930–31 Football League, Final league tables
The tables and results below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888–89 to 1978–79, with home and away statistics separated.


1930–31 Football League, Final league tables
Beginning with the season 1894–95, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976–77 season. From the 1922–23 season, re-election was required of the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South.


1930–31 Football League, Final league tables
Eight teams, Arsenal, Aston Villa, Sheffield Wednesday (1st Div), Everton (2nd Div. ), Chesterfield, Lincoln City, Tranmere Rovers (3rd Div. North) and Crystal Palace (3rd Div. South) all scored over 100 goals. This is the most in Football League history.


1930–31 Football League, Final league tables
Arsenal scored 60 away goals, the most to this day., while the 128 goals scored by Aston Villa remains a top flight record, and a record for any 42 game season.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship
The 1930-31 French Rugby Union Championship of first division was won by le Toulon, which defeated Lyon OU in the final.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship
The Championship was contested by 40 clubs divided in 8 pools.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship
This season was unusual because 12 teams, including some of the more prestigious, were excluded from the tournament by Championship, and found the (Union française de rugby amateur) that arrange their championship.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship
They were:Bayonne, Biarritz, SBUC, Carcassone (demi-finaliste 1930), Grenoble, Limoges, FC Lyon, Stade Nantais, Pau, US Perpignan, Stade Français and Toulouse.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship
In January 1931 another new club join the UFRA, the US Narbonne.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship
The clubs Libourne, Pamiers (pourtant qualifié l’année précédente pour la seconde phase, les pools of 3) and Saint-Girons SC, left the scene, so were 15 the team promoted in the championship:


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship
FC Auch, Bordeaux EC, AS Bort (champion Honneur 1930), US Bressanne (Bourg-en-Bresse), Brive, Dax, Stade Illibérien (Elne), Montauban, Stade Nay, FC Oloron, Stade Pézenas, Racing Paris, Thuir, Tyrosse and Valence


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship, Other competitions
L'UA Libournaise won the second division championship ("Honneur")  winning against l'Union Athlétique de Gujan-Mestras, 8–5.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship, Other competitions
In the final of the French Championship Second Series (third division) Toulouse SC defeated Saint-Girons, 17–0.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship, Other competitions
In third series, le C.O. l Ceret beat the AS Bourse (Paris), 6–4.


1930–31 French Rugby Union Championship, Other competitions
L'AS Montferrand winning against le Toulouse Olympique Employés Club in the final, 12–6, won the first Frantz Reichel Cup (French Juniors Championship ).


1930–31 Galatasaray S.K. season
The 1930–31 season was Galatasaray SK's 27th in existence and the club's 20th consecutive season in the Istanbul Football League.


1930–31 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 1930–31 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1930–31 NCAA college basketball season. John Colrick coached it in his first and only season as head coach. Georgetown was an independent and played its home games at Tech Gymnasium on the campus of McKinley Technical High School in Washington, D.C., except for one home game it played at Ryan Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus. It finished with a record of 5-16.


1930–31 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap
After the Hoyas' disappointing 13-12 record the previous season, Georgetown had hired Colrick from his alma mater, Notre Dame, to serve as a football assistant and, following that, to take over as the Hoyas' head basketball coach. At Notre Dame,  he had assisted head coach George Keogan; employing an up-tempo offense known as the "Western-style" offense, Keogan never had a losing season in his 20 years as Notre Dame's head coach between 1923 and 1943.


1930–31 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap
Georgetown's athletics department hoped that Colrick would bring a successful version of the "Western-style" offense to Georgetown, but the team instead performed very poorly, finishing with a record of 5-16. Its .238 winning percentage was the worst in Georgetown men's basketball history until the 1971-72 team finished with a 3-23 record and .115 winning percentage.