1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Curry's state of mind
Curry wrote letters on 2 February 1930, the first to Mr Bleakley (Chief Protector of Aboriginal Settlements) and to a Brisbane newspaper: In these letters, which were published in full in the Townsville Daily Bulletin on 3 March 1930, and which were provided to the second Cameron Inquiry as evidence, Superintendent Curry's state of mind immediately prior to the tragedy is readily apparent, most disturbingly he states in his letter to Mr Bleakley:


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Curry's state of mind
This will be the last letter that ever you will receive from me, and I must thank you and the heads of your department for the unjust treatment you have dealt out to me in the past. ... I have no regrets about anything I have done to the doctor, and he deserves all he gets. I was told by the so-called visiting Justice I could lay no complaints against Fantome, as it was not in my department. That goes to show things must go on unexposed. ... I know Gall will miss doctor. At any rate he can send a wreath along, as I am going to revenge those who have injured me, and I will make them cry for mercy. I am just as sane as you are, so don't think otherwise. Kind regards,


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Curry's state of mind
Not only did Curry write what is apparently a suicide note attempt to justify in advance what he intended to do, he mentions dissatisfaction with the "visiting Justice" and the prospects of exposing the situation on the Island. Presumably he was referring to Justice Nivett, who was conducting an inquiry into allegations against Curry at that time, and whose report to the Secretary of Home Affairs was due to be handed down on 7 February 1930.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Curry's state of mind
It has been suggested that Curry was fearful that he should lose his position and his livelihood and that he had an unhealthy attachment to the Settlement. Curry feared that the outcome of the Nevitt Inquiry would be his removal from the Settlement and he blamed Assistant-Superintendent Hoffman, Under-Secretary Gall, and Dr Pattison (and the Matron – Mrs Pattison) for his downfall.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Inquest
There was an immediate outcry about the situation on Palm Island and within the Home Secretary's Department, with several parties – including the Returned Sailors and Soldiers League, calling for a full, open inquiry into the events. Speaking soon after the tragedy, Mr Gall, described the situation:


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Inquest
"In my opinion, Curry for some years had an obsession that he was to be superseded in his position. This idea first took place when Mr. Hoffman was appointed assistant superintendent, and the position was accentuated when Dr. Patterson (sic) was appointed medical officer. Curry was most impulsive, he would not tolerate interference by anybody on the staff on Palm Island, and if they did interfere he was inclined to deal with them in a most summary way. Curry did very fine work on Palm Island, but, after all, that was his feeling that everybody was out to do him an injury. As a matter of fact, nothing was further from the truth. Nobody wanted to hurt him.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Inquest
The Home Affairs Department held that given the completion of an inquiry that found Curry to be a competent manager on the same day he murdered his children and attempted to murder the doctor and his wife, there was no need for a full inquiry into the tragedy. The irony of this situation was described by Dr Joanne Watson, who examined the incident at length in her 1994 doctoral thesis:


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Inquest
Despite the seriousness of these charges and the further evidence provided to Nevitt of bitter feuding amongst the administration on Palm, his report argued that 'he found a high state of efficiency, both externally and internally, in the administration of the settlement', and that 'the management reflected the greatest credit on all concerned.'


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Inquest
This must have been one of the grimmest ironies in the history of Queensland, for on the very day that this report reached the Home Office, Curry ran amok, clad in a red bathing suit and armed with dynamite, petrol and revolvers he blew up the reserves' main administrative buildings, set fire to the homes of other officials, shot the doctor and his wife, set fire to the island and murdered his own children.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Inquest
Magistrate Cameron PM, who had previously held an inquiry into the administration of the Island, decided to hold an Inquest into the death of Superintendent Curry. Despite the volumes of evidence provided and the need to examine 27 witnesses, this inquest was concluded on 28 March 1930, after sitting for only 28 hours all-told. On the basis of the evidence provided to the inquest by witnesses including Peter Prior, Clive Beckett, Caeser Anning, Jimmy Harvey and Ellison Obah, and the Police Magistrate, Cameron felt that there was sufficient evidence to take the matter to trial.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Evidence
As a result of the official inquiry into the three deaths, held in Townsville, on 15 April the Queensland Cabinet met and Attorney General MacGroarty announced that the Government would prosecute as murder the death of the Superintendent.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Evidence
In May, Pattison and Hoffman were charged with procuring indigenous resident Peter Prior to murder the Superintendent, as based on testimony from the foreman in charge of a sawmill on Palm Island and evidence given by the Aboriginal men who witnessed the events, in particular, that of Peter Prior himself, The wife of the storekeeper also testified against Hoffman, claiming that Hoffman offered "some boys" £1 for the first to shoot or spear Curry.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Evidence
Pattison denied giving a gun to Prior, or anyone else, and also denied having done or said anything which would cause anyone to murder Curry. Assistant-Superintendent Hoffman also denied responsibility for arming the Aboriginal men, including Peter Prior, attempted to deny any knowledge that they were in fact armed, or that they intended to confront Superintendent Curry, that he had told them to do so and even suggested that the Aboriginal men had told him to leave and protect the women and children. Assistant-Superintendent denied having assured the group of Aboriginal men, when questioned as to what would happen to them if they did shoot Curry,


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Trials
Although trial was initially set for Pattison on 11 August, on 19 July prosecutors declined to formally enter the murder charge and Pattison was freed. When the remaining matters, namely the murder charge against Peter Prior and the charge of procuring someone to commit murder against Hoffman, reached the Northern Supreme Court, Mr Justice Robert Douglas had the following discussion with the lead prosecutor, Mr Ross:


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Trials
His Honor: The facts outlined by you, Mr. Ross, are this: Curry attempted to kill the doctor and his wife, killed his children, burnt his house down, and burnt Hoffman's house.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Trials
Mr. Ross: I will prove that Prior shot Curry, and that Hoffman offered a pound to the first one who would do it. His Honor: If Hoffman shot Curry when he arrived, do you agree that he was justified in doing so? Mr. Ross: Yes. His Honor: Then did you file a true bill because it was not a white man who shot him? I'll tell the jury on your opening, Mr. Ross, that if a man attacks the community as Curry did there, the community would be justified in defending itself even to the extent of killing him. I don't think any reasonable man could think otherwise. His Honor further stated that if a conviction was made at the trial the Court of Criminal Appeal would quash the conviction. Mr. Ross: In that case, your Honor, I will file a nolle prosequi.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Trials
His Honor: I think that is the best thing you can do. I don't think the bill should ever have been filed.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Aftermath, Trials
The defendants were released. This is a remarkable outcome for the period, the only other similar shooting was that of a police officer in Tuckiar v The King (1935), in which the full court of the High Court of Australia overturned the guilty verdict of the NT Supreme Court (Mr Tuckiar vanished upon his release, and is presumed to have been killed by NT Police upon his release.


1930 Palm Island tragedy, Later
Pattison resigned as medical officer at the Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement as of 15 September 1930.


1930 Paraguayan Primera División season
The 1930 season of the Paraguayan Primera División, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 14 teams. The national champions were Libertad.


1930 Paris–Roubaix
The 1930 Paris–Roubaix was the 31st edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 20 April 1930 and stretched 258 km (160 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Julien Vervaecke from Belgium.


1930 Paris–Roubaix
Jean Maréchal finished 24 seconds ahead of Belgian Julien Vervaecke but was moved to second because, while Maréchal was trying to pass Vervaecke, the Belgian tumbled into a ditch. According to some, Maréchal hit the Belgian's shoulder, causing his fall. Jacques Augendre, historian of the Tour de France, said Maréchal, who was 20, "was riding as an individual for a little bike-maker, Colin, and he got to Roubaix alone. His happiness was short-lived. Arbitrarily accused of having provoked a fall by Julien Vervaecke, with whom he had broken away, he was disqualified without any sort of hearing. Important detail: Vervaecke belonged to the all-powerful Alcyon team, run by the no less powerful Ludovic Feuillet..."


1930 Paris–Tours
The 1930 Paris–Tours was the 25th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 4 May 1930. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Jean Maréchal.


1930 Parnell by-election
The Parnell by-election of 1930 was a by-election in the seat of Parnell held on 7 May 1930 during the 23rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election came about because of the resignation of the current member of parliament Harry Reginald Jenkins who chose to re-contest his seat. The seat was won by Bill Endean of the Reform Party.


1930 Parnell by-election, Results at general election
The election of Jenkins was considered a surprise. Dickson had held the seat 1911 but the Reform Party (New Zealand) suffered significant losses in this election.


1930 Parnell by-election, Cause of by-election
Jenkins was a big supporter of Gordon Coates who was the Prime Minister and leader of the Reform Party before 1928. However, at that election the United and Reform parties won an equal number of seats and the United party formed a coalition with Labour. Therefore, Joseph Ward became Prime Minister. Jenkins was critical of the deal United had done with Labour and so quit the party and became an independent. On 21 March, he then announced that he would resign from the electorate and contest the by-election. This was a controversial move but Michael Joseph Savage believed that he had done the "right thing".


1930 Parnell by-election, Selection process, Reform
Jenkins, after resigning, decided to join the Reform party and announced that he would try and win selection as their candidate. He said "I feel also that Reform is the safest of the three parties, because Reform will never be dictated to by Labour as the United Party has been." He also stated that he would not run as an independent if he was not selected. There were four Reform nominations for the seat, these were: R. Glover, Jenkins, Bill Endean and James Samuel Dickson. Endean was eventually selected.


1930 Parnell by-election, Selection process, Labour
Many different candidates were suspected to be involved in the selection process for labour. Among them were Tom Bloodworth who had run for this seat in the 1919 election, and Yarnall who had run at the previous election. Auckland City Councillor Ted Phelan likewise declined to seek nomination. Yarnall, however, eventually declined to run and Bloodworth won the nomination from Mary Dreaver.


1930 Parnell by-election, Selection process, Others
W. C. Hewitt originally announced that he would stand as a Liberal-Labour candidate but did not do so. A. Fletcher intended to stand in the interests of the unemployed. These two candidates did not actually compete in the by-election.


1930 Parnell by-election, Campaign
The election was seen as a judgement on whether or not United supporters agreed with their deal with Labour. Donald spoke in defence of his party's record, claimed that a loss for his party could cause an election and that a small surplus would be announced in the budget.


1930 Parnell by-election, Campaign
Bloodworth said that Labour would introduce real measures which would bring about real changes to New Zealand.


1930 Parnell by-election, Campaign
Endean was heavily favoured to win after receiving an endorsement by the New Zealand Truth.


1930 Penn Quakers football team
The 1930 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1930 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Lud Wray, the Quakers compiled a 5–4 record and outscored their opponents 225 to 145. The team played its home games at Franklin Field in Philadelphia.


1930 Penn Quakers football team
Near-sighted guard Frank Yablonski wore a customized helmet which included optical lenses.


1930 Penn State Nittany Lions football team
The 1930 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1930 college football season. The team was coached by Bob Higgins and played its home games in New Beaver Field in State College, Pennsylvania.


1930 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team
The 1930 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team represented Pennsylvania State University during the 1930 season playing in the Intercollegiate Soccer League. It was the program's 20th season fielding a men's varsity soccer team. The 1930 season is William Jeffrey's fifth year at the helm.


1930 Penn State Nittany Lions men's soccer team, Background
The 1930 season was the Nittany Lions' 20th season as a varsity soccer program, and their 5th season playing in the Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association League. The team was led by fifth year head coach, William Jeffrey, who had previously served as the head coach for the semi-professional soccer team, Altoona Works.


1930 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1930 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on November 4, 1930. Incumbent Republican  governor John Stuchell Fisher was not a candidate for re-election. Republican candidate and former governor Gifford Pinchot defeated Democratic candidate John M. Hemphill to win a second, non-consecutive term as Governor of Pennsylvania.


1930 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
This was the only election from 1863 until 1950 in which the Democratic candidate carried the city and county of Philadelphia, which was controlled by a powerful Republican political machine during that time. Hemphill won the city in a landslide with the support of Philadelphia Republican boss William Scott Vare, who abandoned Pinchot over his refusal to certify Vare's election as United States Senator in 1926. Hemphill won 226,811 votes on the Liberal Party line in Philadelphia, nearly twice the vote he received on the Democratic ticket.


1930 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Background, 1926 United States Senate election
In 1926, Gifford Pinchot (then Governor of Pennsylvania) and William Scott Vare (U.S. Representative and boss of the powerful Philadelphia political machine) both challenged incumbent United States Senator George W. Pepper in the Republican primary. Pepper carried nearly every county in the state, but Vare won the race narrowly, thanks to a 224,000 vote margin in Philadelphia County. Vare went on to win the general election by a wider margin, again relying on a large margin from Philadelphia.


1930 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Background, 1926 United States Senate election
Pinchot, acting in his role as Governor, declined to certify the results of Vare's election. After a year-long review of the contested election, the Senate voted 58–22 not to seat Vare on the grounds that he had fraudulently and extravagantly financed his campaign against Pepper. During the lengthy investigation, Vare suffered a stroke brought on by stress.


1930 Persian legislative election
The elections for the eighth Majlis were held in the summer of 1930.


1930 Persian legislative election
The Communist Party planned to run their own candidates, however they failed due to internal conflicts, as well as Reza Shah's substantial control over the process.


1930 Persian legislative election
Like its predecessor, the election was "systematically controlled by the royal court".


1930 Peruvian Primera División
The 1930 Primera División was the 15th season of top-flight Peruvian football. A total of 12 teams competed in this league, with Atlético Chalaco winning its first league title.


1930 Peruvian Primera División, Changes from 1929, Structural changes
The number of teams was reduced from 13 to 12. The 12 teams were divided into 3 groups of 4 and the winner of each group advanced to the championship group. The last-placed team of each group would play in a relegation group with the last-placed team being relegated.


1930 Peruvian Primera División, Changes from 1929, Promotion and relegation
Jorge Chávez and Alianza Chorrillos placed 11th and 12th place respectively in the 1929 season and were relegated. Lawn Tennis was promoted in their place.


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season
The 1930 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing first in the American League with a record of 102 wins and 52 losses. It was their second of three consecutive pennants. In the 1930 World Series, they defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in six games. This was the A's final World Series championship in Philadelphia. They would next win the World Series 42 years later, in 1972, after they had moved to Oakland. When playing the Cleveland Indians on July 25, the Athletics became the only team in Major League history to execute a triple steal twice in one game.


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season, Regular season
The A's had three Hall of Famers in their starting line-up: Mickey Cochrane, Jimmie Foxx, and Al Simmons. Simmons won the AL batting title with a .381 average. Pitching ace Lefty Grove won the pitching triple crown.


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Philadelphia Athletics season, 1930 World Series
AL Philadelphia Athletics (4) vs. NL St. Louis Cardinals (2)


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season
The following lists the events of the 1930 Philadelphia Phillies season.


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season
The Phillies tallied 1,783 hits, the most ever recorded by a team during a major league season. They recorded a .315 team batting average during the season, which was second in the National League and major league baseball. Only the 1930 New York Giants who batted .319 and the 1921 Detroit Tigers at .316 posted higher team averages in the modern era (since 1901).


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season
However, their pitching is why the Phillies finished in last place. The pitching staff allowed 1,199 runs in 156 games (2 games ended in a tie), an average of 7.69 runs per game. 1,024 of those runs were earned runs, their team earned run average of 6.71 is the highest in the modern era.


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent during the 1930 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Jock Sutherland, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record, shut out five of its nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 186 to 69. The team played its home games at Pitt Stadium in Pittsburgh.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Coach Sutherland needed to replace eleven members of the 1929 squad. Five regulars, Albert DiMeolo, Ray Montgomery, Joe Donchess, Toby Uansa and Tom Parkinson, received All-America honors, while the six substitutes – Markley Barnes, James Rooney, Felix Wilps, Arthur Corson, William Loehr and Charles Edwards – all played substantial minutes during the season. At the annual banquet Sutherland "bemoaned the loss of so many of his 1929 stars, saying that a good team could be formed of the players who graduate next spring." He continued: "Our 1930 schedule is the hardest we have ever tackled.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
We play four times away from home, something a Pitt team has not done in years. We have six consecutive games with Class A opponents. My prediction is that we will win some games we may be expected to lose and lose some which look like sure victories." He named Edward Baker captain. Walter Kearney was later appointed student manager for the 1930 season.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Jock Sutherland's coaching staff had to be restocked for the 1930 season. Charles W. Bowser, assistant coach in charge of the backfield, became head coach at Bowdoin College. Alexander Stevenson, assistant Pitt coach and scout since 1909, contracted pneumonia upon his return from the Rose Bowl and died on February 5th. Andy Gustafson, former Pitt fullback, succeeded Charles Bowser as head backfield coach. He had been the head coach at Virginia Tech from 1926-29. 1929 All-Americans Joe Donchess and Ray Montgomery were both hired by the athletic council to assist coach Sutherland for the 1930 season.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Montgomery coached the varsity linemen and taught in the physical education department. Donchess was still in medical school and assisted team physician Dr. Shanor with physical conditioning of the players. He also helped coach the ends. Bill Kern, former All-American Pitt tackle, was added to the staff during spring practice. He coached the linemen. The appointment of Ulhardt Hangartner, former Panther guard, completed the coaching staff. He was hired to assist the linemen and be in charge of scouting.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
On March 15 coach Sutherland welcomed a record turnout for the start of spring practice. He was anxious to get a glimpse of the new material from last year's freshmen team. The spring session consisted of an hour and a half of basic football drills every afternoon for five or six weeks. Daily scrimmages helped to weed out the players with little or no varsity promise. The spring session determined who got invited to Camp Hamilton for the preseason conditioning.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
The 1930 spring session came to a somber conclusion, as veteran running back Leo Murphy sustained a broken neck while blocking during a scrimmage on April 23. He died 6 days later.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Thirty-seven varsity hopefuls were invited to Camp Hamilton on September 1st for the annual preseason conditioning program. Coach Sutherland sent out the invitations with a copy of the rule book and a pair of cleats. His message: "Get the shoes well broken in before you report to camp. Familiarize yourself with the new changes in regards to the rules and study the book so that you are in perfect familiarity with the laws of the game." James Hagan, assistant athletic director, was in charge of the camp. He was ably assisted by student manager Walter Kearney.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Preseason
Trainer Bud Moore, physician Dr. H. A. R. Shanor and equipment manager Percy Brown were all in attendance. After three weeks of training, the team returned to Pittsburgh and practiced on the hill above the stadium in preparation for the home opener against Waynesburg College. Coach Sutherland summarized training camp: "The squad finished at camp in good physical shape but we're a few days late in our schedule as a result of a keen fight for positions, and I will be unable to name a starting lineup for the Waynesburg game for a few days yet."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
After losing to Pitt 53-0 in 1929, Frank N. Wolf and his Waynesburg Yellow Jackets returned to be Pitt's opening game opponent. The Jackets were upset in their opening game by Slippery Rock (6 to 0). Havey Boyle of the Post-Gazette summarized the absurdity of the matchup: "Sending Waynesburg against Pitt, which operation will occur at the stadium tomorrow, is different from sending a Christian into an arena containing lions as the dinner bell is tapping, but only because the Pitt players do not eat their prey.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
But Waynesburg has about the same chance as the brave martyrs of old....Waynesburg will gain something besides bruised bodies from the encounter. It tends to harden them and gives them a better outlook when they come across a team in their own class. Pitt, of course, gets the advantage of scrimmage practice without running the usual risks of hurting their own players."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
The Panthers won the game 52 to 0, with every man on the active roster participating. The Panther offense earned 24 first downs and scored 8 touchdowns. The Pitt defense held Waynesburg to one first down. A brisk wind played havoc with the extra points, as Pitt was able to only convert 4 of 8. Waynesburg finished the season with a 2-7 record.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
The University of Pittsburgh student magazine The Pitt Panther doubled as the game day program.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
The Pitt lineup for the Waynesburg game was James MacMurdo (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Hart Morris (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Edweard Hirschberg (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Josh Williams (left halfback), Warren Heller (right halfback), and Frank Hood (fullback).


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Waynesburg
Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Melvin Brown, Art Sekay, Bucky Wagner, Jack Kelly, Ed Schultz, Francis Seigel, Mike Milligan, Walter Babic, Al Ciper, Charles Miller, Paul Collins, Joe Tommins, Rocco Cutri, John Luch, Frank Walton, Joe Tormey, Ray Anderson, Bill Walinchus, Ted Daily, Paul Reider, Paul Cuba, Bob Morris, Herman Yentch, Zola Alpert and George Shindehutte.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
The Panther squad's first road trip of the season was to Morgantown, WV for the 26th gridiron meeting with the Mountaineers. West Virginia was led by sixth-year coach Ira Rodgers. The Panthers had not been to Morgantown since the 1917 season when Coach Sutherland played for Pitt and Coach Rogers played for West Virginia. The Mountaineers were 2-0 on the season after beating Duquesne (7-0) and West Virginia Wesleyan (26-0). Pitt led the series 16-8-1.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
Future Hall-of-Fame coach Ben Schwartzwalder started at center for the Mountaineers.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
By 1930 the travel options to Morgantown were numerous. The Panther squad rode the train; the 100 piece student band, cheerleaders and mascot rode in buses; and students and fans had the choice of train, bus or car.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
In front of the largest crowd to ever watch a game on Mountaineer Field, the Pitt Panthers beat the West Virginia Mountaineers 16 to 0. The Pitt offense turned two long drives into scores. The Panthers marched 85 yards in the first quarter, and 59 yards in the third quarter. Fullback Franklin Hood scored both touchdowns, and Edward Baker added the placements. The Panthers earned a safety when Mountaineer quarterback Jake Sebulsky was tackled in the end zone, after he fumbled James MacMurdo's kickoff into the end zone. The Pitt defense held the Mounties scoreless. West Virginia's offense earned seven first downs, and only entered Pitt territory in the fourth quarter. The Mountaineers earned a first down on the Pitt 24-yard line, but an attempted pass was fumbled and Pitt recovered to stop the drive. The Mountaineers finished the season with a 5-5 record.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at West Virginia
The Pitt lineup for the game against West Virginia was James MacMurdo (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Hart Morris (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Edward Hirschberg (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), William Walinchus (right halfback) and Franklin Hood (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Francis Seigel, Joseph Tormey, Walter Milligan, Frank Walton, Paul Collins, Bucky Wagner, Melvin Brown, Theodore Daily, Ray Anderson, Walter Babic, Edward Schultz, Rocco Cutri, Jack Kelly, John Loch, Zola Alpert and Paul Cuba. Pitt tackle Frank Walton broke his shoulder and was expected to be sidelined the remainder of the season.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Western Reserve
On October 11, the Panther football team traveled to Cleveland to meet the Red Cats of Western Reserve. This was the first meeting on the gridiron between these two schools. The game was scheduled through the effort of Karl Davis, former Pitt graduate manager of athletics, who now occupied the same position at Western Reserve. The Western Reserve football team was led by fifth-year coach Gordon Locke.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Western Reserve
The Pitt Panthers won their third straight by running roughshod over the Western Reserve eleven on League Field 52 to 0 in front of 12,000 fans. The Panther offense matched their Waynesburg output with eight touchdowns and four extra points. Pitt quarterback Edward Baker ran the opening kickoff back 97 yards for his first of three touchdowns on the day. Josh Williams contributed two touchdowns, while Paul Reider, Frank Hood and Melvin Brown each tallied one. Baker converted two placements, while Rocco Curti and Melvin Brown converted one each.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Western Reserve
The Red Cat defense had no answer as the Panthers gained 426 total yards and accumulated 19 first downs. The Western offense managed to gain 98 total yards and earn 3 first downs. The Red Cats finished the season with a 1-7 record. Their lone victory came against their Cleveland neighbor and future partner, the Case School of Applied Science (13-6).


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Western Reserve
Both Edward Hirschberg and James MacMurdo injured their knee in the Mountaineer game and did not play. Coach Sutherland revamped the starting lineup and was able to use all his substitutes for the third straight game. The starting lineup for the game against Western Reserve was Theodore Daily (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Hart Morris (left guard), Joseph Tormey (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), William Walinchus (right halfback) and Frank Hood (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Josh Williams, Francis Seigel, Rocco Curti, Bucky Wagner, Walter Milligan, Paul Reider, Paul Cuba, Al Ciper, Edward Schultz, Herman Yentch, Melvin Brown, Zola Alpert, John Luch, Walter Babic, Jack Kelly, Robert Morris, Arthur Sekay, Charles Miller and Ray Anderson.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Syracuse
Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, NY was the third of the Panthers' five scheduled road games. First year coach Vic Hanson's Syracuse Orangemen were undefeated (3-0) and had out scored their opposition 131 to 0. Syracuse end George A. Ellert received third-team All-American mention from both the International News Service and the Central Press Association. The Panthers led the all-time series 5-2-2, but their record for games played at Syracuse was 2-2-2.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Syracuse
The Panthers arrived in Cazenovia, NY on Friday, and had their final workout at the Shore Acres Country Club. Three starters were nursing injuries. Ends Edward Hirschberg and James MacMurdo, plus guard Hart Morris were replaced by Paul Collins, Theodore Daily and Walter Milligan in the starting lineup.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Syracuse
On October 18, 1930, the Pitt Panthers disappointed the Syracuse University Homecoming crowd by defeating the Orange, 14-0. The game was a defensive battle with lots of punting to gain field position. The first period ended scoreless. Fullback Frank Hood scored both touchdowns for the Panthers. His first score came in the second quarter. After Syracuse halfback Warren Stevens fumbled an Edward Baker punt, Pitt recovered on the Orange 13-yard line. Four plays later Hood plunged into the end zone from the 1-yard line. Baker added the point after, and Pitt led at halftime, 7 to 0.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Syracuse
The third stanza was also scoreless. In the middle of the final period, the Panthers gained possession on the Syracuse 24-yard line. On fourth down Baker completed a 19-yard pass play to Paul Reider for a first down on the 1-yard line. On third down Hood scored. Baker's placement kick was perfect. Pitt remained undefeated and unscored upon – Pitt 14 to Syracuse 0. The Orange finished the season with a 5-2-2 record. The schools would not meet again on the gridiron until the 1955 season.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Syracuse
The Pitt lineup for the game against Syracuse was Theodore Daily (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Walter Milligan (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Frank Hood (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were James Clark, Paul Reider, Edward Hirschberg, Joeseph Tormey, William Walinchus, Bucky Wagner, John Luch and Paul Cuba.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
On October 25, the undefeated Notre Dame Fighting Irish came to Pitt Stadium to take on the undefeated Pitt Panthers. Knute Rockne's Irish were on a twelve game win streak. Rockne brought 38 of his 79 squad members east for the game. Twenty-one of the remaining players went to Madison, WI to play the  Wisconsin "B" team. Twenty went to Evanston, IL to play the Northwestern "B" team.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Notre Dame led the all-time series 2-0-1, but the teams had not met since the 1912 season. Coach Rockne was an end on the 1912 Irish team that beat the Panthers 3 to 0.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
The 1930 Irish roster boasted 7 All-Americans – quarterback Frank Carideo and halfback Marchy Schwartz were consensus picks; guard Bertram Metzger was named first team by both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP); end Tim Conley was named second team by the AP, UP and the Newspaper Editors Association (NEA);  tackle Al Culver was named second team by the UP;  fullback Joe Savoldi was named second team by the AP;and halfback Marty Brill was named first team by the All-America Board and third team by the UP and NEA.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
The South Bend Tribune reported:  The Irish were: "in 'tip-top' shape... Meanwhile Pitt goes through her final preparations up on the hilltop back of the stadium in a disconsolate, gloomy, but withall [sic] decidedly grim frame of mind. Dr. John Bain (Jock) Sutherland has publicly prophesied that the Panthers are in for a licking, and the series of injuries that struck the Gold and Blue last week-end at Syracuse only added to the depression."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
The Pitt Athletic Department added 12,000 seats to the stadium and sold 75,000 tickets. 74,233 fans attended the game. "This was by many thousand the biggest throng that ever witnessed an athletic event in Western Pennsylvania." Pittsburgh scalpers printed and sold approximately 25,000 counterfeit pasteboards which caused confusion, chaos and numerous arrests prior to kick-off.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Coach Sutherland's prophecy came to fruition as Rockne's Irish trampled the Panthers 35-19. The Irish did all their scoring in the first half - five touchdowns and five extra points. Pitt was unable to get on the scoreboard until six minutes into the fourth quarter, when the Notre Dame second and third stringers were in the lineup. Notre Dame finished the season with a 10-0 record and National Championship recognition. This was the only time Jock Sutherland and Knute Rockne went head-to-head on the gridiron.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
Harry G. Scott noted in his Jock Sutherland biography: "Jock Sutherland's regret at this loss was offset in large measure by the perseverance and fight that his boys showed that day... After the game he said, 'The boys stuck it out. They fought hard and gave everything they had. They wouldn't give up, and I'm proud of them.' "


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame
The Pitt's lineup was James MacMurdo (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Walter Milligan (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and Frank Hood (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were James Clark, Paul Reider, Edward Hirschberg, Joseph Tormey, Theodore Daily, William Walinchus and Walter Babic.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
On November 1, the Pitt Panthers played their fourth road game of the season against the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Coach Dana Bible's Huskers were 3-1 on the season. The Nebraska line was anchored by 1st team Collier's All-America tackle Hugh Rhea. Fullback Robert Young and end Steve Hokuf joined Rhea on the AP first team All-Big Six Conference Team. Guard Elmer Greenberg and center Lawrence Ely were tabbed second team All-Big Six.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
The Panthers followed their usual travel itinerary to Lincoln. Their train departed Pittsburgh Wednesday evening, and arrived in Chicago early Thursday. The squad worked out on Stagg Field at the University of Chicago. They reboarded the train in the evening, and arrived in Omaha on Friday morning. The team practiced on the Fort Omaha, U. S. Government military post. Coach Sutherland made one change in the staring lineup - James Clark replaced Frank Hood at fullback. The team spent the night at the Hotel Fontenelle in downtown Omaha. Saturday morning the entourage boarded the train for the 55 mile ride to Lincoln.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
The intersectional battle between Pitt and Nebraska ended in a 0 to 0 tie. Gregg McBride of The Lincoln Star summarized: "Emblazoned above the varsity dressing room door at Nebraska's Memorial Stadium are these words, 'They Shall Not Score.' Saturday...a fighting band of Cornhusker linemen breathed the breath of life into Nebraska tradition by twice turning back at the goal line a band of determined Panthers.... The thrills of an entire football game were crowded into those last 10 minutes of play....


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
The spectacular performance of the Nebraska team which twice held the Panthers for downs within the 4-yard line will be vivid in the memories of the upwards to 30,000 spectators long after the individuals who featured in the sterling performance have been forgotten." The Cornhuskers finished the season with a 4-3-2 record.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Nebraska
The Pitt lineup for the game against Nebraska was James MacMurdo (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Walter Milligan (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), Josh Williams (right halfback) and James Clark (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Melvin Brown, Paul Reider, Edward Hirschberg, William Walinchus, Theodore Daily and Hart Morris.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
On November 8th the Pittsburgh sports fans were treated to the seventeenth edition of the "City Game". Pitt led the series 12-4, but Tech won 4 of the previous 7 games. Ninth-year coach Walter Steffen's Tartans were 4-2 on the season. Their victories came over Buffalo, Thiel, Georgia Tech and Western Reserve. They lost to National Champion Notre Dame 21 to 6, and then were upset by NYU 20-7.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
With the exception of Paul Reider at right halfback for Josh Williams, Coach Sutherland used the same lineup as the Nebraska game. Carnegie Tech lost both starting tackle Don Fletcher and guard Bernard Buzio to injuries, but starting halfback George Kavel was cleared to play.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Both coaches sequestered their squads away from the campus distractions on Thursday night. Pitt was housed at the Chartiers Heights Country Club. Tech rested at the Mountain View Hotel in Greensburg.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Meanwhile, back in the city, several hundred Pitt students held a pep rally late on Friday afternoon. Then the Pitt band led a parade down Fifth Avenue. The students had obtained a permit for the parade from the Police Superintendent, but he did not inform his men. The police stopped the throng and demanded to see the permit. Students became rowdy as police on horseback tried to break up the crowd. 37 Pitt students were finally arrested. Early Saturday morning, the police and fire company were called to the Tech campus.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Tech students had started a bonfire using an oil soaked auto piled high with lumber. To the chagrin of the students the firemen arrived and put out the blaze. The Techies set a second car ablaze, and blocked off the street so the firemen could not disturb their celebration. When the police and firemen managed to circumvent the blockade and attempt to douse the second fire, the students were in their dorms. The students proceeded to pelt the responders with milk bottles, boiling water and firecrackers. 39 Carnegie students were arrested.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Pitt Weekly analyzed the weekend chaos: "A definite conclusion from the developments of the pep parade is that in view of the increasing traffic in the downtown street and the likelihood that students will engage in small disorder along the lines of march, and the fact that the Pittsburgh police department is not organized to distinguish between minor disorders of this kind and major disorders requiring riot methods, parades in the downtown section of the city should be discouraged in the future."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Pittsburgh Panthers retained the "City Championship Trophy" with a one-point victory over the Carnegie Tech Tartans - 7 to 6 - in front of over 52,000 fans. Tech earned 16 first downs to the Panthers 6. The Tartans out gained the Panthers 295 yards to 154. The Panther offense sustained a 54-yard drive in the second period, and Frank Hood plunged into the end zone from the 1-yard line to put the Panthers on the board. Eddie Baker was successful on the point after and Pitt led 7 to 0. The Pitt defense was the difference in the game.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Late in the first half, after losing a fumble on their 7 yard line, the Panthers stopped a Tech drive on the one-foot line. In the final period Pitt fumbled a snap in punt formation, and Tech recovered on the Panther 14-yard line. Five plays later Tech fullback John Karcis scored. John Dreshar's extra point attempt was blocked by Pitt tackle Charles Tully, and Pitt went home the victor.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
The Pitt lineup for the game against Carnegie Tech was James MacMurdo (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Walter Milligan (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), Paul Reider (right halfback), and James Clark (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Edward Hirschberg, Frank Hood, William Walinchus, Joseph Tormey, Hart Morris, Theodore Daily and Melvin Brown.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Carnegie Tech
Prior to the contest "Pitt students paraded on the field with a coffin labeled, 'Here Lies Carnegie Tech.' "Wreck Tech" and 'N.Y.U. Started It, We'll Finish It' were inscribed on the sides of the coffin." The pall bearers pranced in front of the Tech stands. The Techies managed to steal the coffin and promised to return it, if the Panthers won the game. After the game the Pitt students went to retrieve their coffin and a melee ensued. Police appeared and 7 more students were taken to the precinct.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Ohio State
Pitt's final road trip of the season was to Columbus, OH to take on the Buckeyes of Ohio State. This marked the first time Pitt invaded Big Ten territory. The Ohioans, under second-year coach Sam Willaman, sported a 3-2-1 record. Wes Fesler, consensus first team All-American end, and Sam T. Selby, third team Central Press Assn. All-American guard, anchored the Buckeye line. The Cincinnati Enquirer reported: "The visitors are strongly favored to win, but by no great margin. Ohio is in good shape physically and mentally. The team is confident after the great way it clicked against Navy. The impetus of that (27 to 0)sic scoring spree is expected to carry over into the Pitt game tomorrow."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Ohio State
The Panthers arrived in Columbus on Friday evening and were housed at the Columbus Athletic Club. The 120-member Pitt band and several thousand students made the trip to take part in the Ohio State Homecoming festivities. The Post-Gazette noted that this was the fifth Homecoming the Panthers had participated in this season. Coach Sutherland's eleven were in fair shape, and he started the same lineup used in the Carnegie Tech game.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Ohio State
The Pitt Panthers initial trip to Western Conference (Big Ten) territory was not a rewarding experience, as the Buckeyes recorded a 16-7 Homecoming victory in front of 48,908 fans. The Buckeyes scored in the first quarter on an 8-play, 61-yard drive culminating in a 16-yard touchdown pass from All-American Wes Fesler to Lewis Hinchman. Carl Ehrensberger kicked the extra point and Ohio led 7 to 0. Early in the second period Ehrensberger added a 15-yard field goal. Halftime score: Ohio State 10 to Pitt 0. Pitt received the second half kickoff.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Ohio State
After gaining a first down, Frank Hood's pass to Paul Reider was intercepted by Martin Varner on the Panther 35-yard line. Fesler completed a 34-yard pass to Robert Grady on second down. Hinchman plunged into the end zone on the next play for his second touchdown of the game. Ralph Daugherty blocked the extra point. The Pitt offense proceeded to sustain an 81-yard drive for their touchdown. Hood scored on a 1-yard run through center. Edward Baker was successful on the point after to make the score Ohio 16 to Pitt 7. The Ohio State offense received the third quarter kick-off, advanced the ball to the Pitt 3-yard line, and lost the ball on downs. Late in the fourth quarter the Panther offense advanced the ball inside the State 5-yard line, but could not score. Ohio State finished the season 5-2-1.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Ohio State
Lester Biederman of the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph reported that Jock Sutherland was gracious in defeat when he spoke to Sam Wallaman: "I certainly want to congratulate you. It was a fine ball game and I think the better team won."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, at Ohio State
The Pitt lineup for the game against Ohio State was James MacMurdo (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Walter Milligan (left guard), Ralph Daugherty (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Paul Collins (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), Paul Reider (right halfback) and James Clark (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Frank Hood, Theodore Daily, Francis Seigel, Frank Walton, Edward Hirschberg, Melvin Brown and Joseph Tormey.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
On Thanksgiving Day the Panthers welcomed first year coach Bob Higgins and his Nittany Lions for their 33rd meeting on the gridiron. Pitt led the series 18-12-2. The Pittsburgh Press noted that the Lions, with their 3-3-2 record, were "desperately eager to score a win over Pitt, whom they have not beaten since 1919, when coach Higgins was a member of the team."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Coach Sutherland had never lost to Penn State as a player or coach, but this season he had to contend with a plethora of personnel issues. First string ends, James MacMurdo and Paul Collins, were suspended from the team for academic reasons;  Starting guard, Walter Milligan, was injured against Ohio State and could not play;  Starting center, Ralph Daugherty, skipped classes and practice for a week due to personal issues;  Former starting halfback, Josh Williams, was ill. The Post-Gazette commented: "For years Pitt has entered the annual game an overwhelming favorite but because of injuries, illness and ineligibility the Panther presents a slightly patched up front for the battle with the traditional rivals from State College."


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The Panthers kept their coach's unblemished record against Penn State intact as they beat the Nittany Lions 19 to 12 on the frigid turf of Pitt Stadium. In the second period Pitt halfback, Warren Heller, broke loose on a 30-yard dash for his first touchdown. Edward Baker missed the conversion attempt, and Pitt led 6 to 0 at halftime. State tied the game early in the third quarter on a 3-yard plunge by George Lasich.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
Frank Diedrich missed the point after and the score was tied 6 to 6. J. Cooper French intercepted a Pitt pass and the State offense advanced the ball to the Pitt 25-yard line. Diedrich was wide left on the field goal attempt. Pitt took over on their 20-yard line. On first down Warren Heller raced 80 yards for his second touchdown. Baker was good on the conversion and Pitt led 13-6 at the end of three quarters. Early in the last quarter the Pitt offense sustained a 72-yard drive.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The drive ended with a 9-yard scoring toss from Josh Williams to Baker. Baker missed the point after and Pitt led 19-6. Late in the quarter, Penn State end Earl Edwards, blocked a Harry Wagner punt, caught the ball midair and rambled 26 yards for the last touchdown of the game. Joseph Miller missed the extra point. The Lions then recovered an onside kick but could not advance the ball and Pitt won for the 9th year in a row. The Nittany Lions finished the season with a 3-4-2 record.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Game summaries, Penn State
The Pitt lineup for the game against Penn State was Theodore Daily (left end), Jesse Quatse (left tackle), Hart Morris (left guard), Joseph Tormey (center), Ernest Lewis (right guard), Charles Tully (right tackle), Edward Hirschberg (right end), Edward Baker (quarterback), Warren Heller (left halfback), Paul Reider (right halfback) and Frank Hood (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Ralph Daugherty, Walter Babic, Josh Williams, William Walinchus Harry Wagner, James Clark and Edward Schultz.


1930 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Postseason
On December 15 at a private team banquet, coach Sutherland named end Edward Hirshberg captain for the 1931 Pitt football season and Charles D. Wettach, chairman of the athletic council, awarded letters for the 1930 season. The lettermen were Manager Walter Kearney, Captain Edward Baker, James Clark, Theodore Daily, Ernest Lewis, Edward Hirschberg, Warren Heller, Franklin Hood, Edward Schultz, Paul Reider, Jack Kelly, Harry Wagner, Joseph Tormey, Jess Quatse, Walter Milligan, Ralph Daugherty, Hart Morris, Charles Tully, Harols Williams, William Walinchus and Al Ciper.


1930 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 1930 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 49th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 44th in the National League. The Pirates finished fifth in the league standings with a record of 80–74.


1930 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1930 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1930 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1930 Polish legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 16 November 1930, with Senate elections held a week later on 23 November. In what became known as the Brest elections (Polish: Wybory brzeskie), the pro-Sanation Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government took 47% of the vote and 249 of the 444 seats in Sejm and 77 of the 111 seats in the Senate. The elections are known as the least free elections in the Second Polish Republic due to the Brest trial controversy.


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
The elections were rigged by the pro-Sanacja elements in the Polish government under the control of Józef Piłsudski (although Piłsudski left most of the details of the internal politics to others). After the BBWR came up well short of a majority in the 1928 elections, Sanacja and Piłsudski left nothing to chance.


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
The elections were supposed to take place in May, but the government invalidated the May results by disbanding the parliament in August and with increasing pressure on the opposition started a new campaign, the new elections being scheduled to November.


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
Using the anti-government demonstrations as a pretext, 20 members of the oppositions, including most of the leaders of Centrolew alliance (from the Polish Socialist Party, Polish People's Party "Piast" and Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie") were arrested in September without a warrant, only on the order of the minister of internal security, Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski accusing them of plotting an anti-government coup. The opposition members (who included the former prime minister Wincenty Witos, and the Silesian national hero, Wojciech Korfanty) were imprisoned in the Brest Fortress, where their trial took place (thus the popular name for the election: the 'Brest election'). A number of less known activists were arrested throughout the country. They were released after the end of the election in the same month. The Brest trial ended in January 1932, with 10 accused receiving sentences up to three years of imprisonment. Some of them decided to emigrate instead.


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
In addition, the minorities were also discriminated against; the government crackdown on opposition was especially hard in the eastern provinces, affecting the Blok Ukraińsko-Białoruski (Ukrainian-Belarusian Bloc) party.


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
On 24 November 1930, Time Magazine in its coverage of the elections wrote:


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
During the campaign which ended in Poland's general election last week, opposition papers were so mercilessly censored that some were reduced to printing pictures of Friederich Nietzsche (1844-1900) with the caption: He Died Crazy. Because Dictator Jozef Pilsudski has publicly made such statements as that "Parliament is a prostitute!" (Time, July 9, 1928) and because he somewhat resembles Philosopher Nietzsche in face and whiskers, his government promptly confiscated all Nietzschean campaign pictures, all papers in which they appeared.


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
Nonetheless despite the governments pressure, the opposition members (from Centrolew and endecja) still sat in the parliament, soon in the new parliament they tried to pass the motion of no confidence to the new government. The imprisonment and trial of political opponents was a setback for Polish democracy, but no genuinely open trials of political opponents such as the one in Poland took place elsewhere in contemporary Central Europe The exception was the 1933 Berlin trial of the Bulgarian communist Georgy M. Dimitrov.


1930 Polish legislative election, Controversy
The success of BBWR, while certainly enhanced by the government crackdown on opposition, also stemmed from the fact that Sanacja and Piłsudski's held considerable support, and the Centrolew politicians were viewed as incapable in preventing the economic crisis (Great Depression). The Centrolew coalition fell apart in 1931 due to internal conflicts.


1930 Portsmouth Spartans season
Established on July 12, 1930, the 1930 season was the inaugural season of the Portsmouth Spartans (now the Detroit Lions). The club was sponsored by the Green Bay Packers. In the team's first season, the Spartans tied for seventh in the league. The Spartans played their first game on September 14 beating the Newark Tornados 13–6. One notable game was on September 24 when the Spartans defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers at Universal Stadium. It was the first NFL night game played in front of portable lights.


1930 Portsmouth Spartans season
The Spartans scored 176 points (12.6 points per game), which ranked 3rd out of 11 in the NFL. On the defense, the club allowed 161 points (an average of 11.5 points per game), 8th in the league.


1930 Portsmouth Spartans season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1930 Presbyterian Blue Hose football team
The 1930 Presbyterian Blue Hose football team represented Presbyterian College in the 1930 college football season.


1930 Princeton Tigers football team
The 1930 Princeton Tigers football team represented Princeton University in the 1930 college football season. The Tigers finished with a 1–5–1 record under 17th-year head coach Bill Roper. No Princeton players were selected as first-team honorees on the 1930 College Football All-America Team.


1930 Providence Steam Roller season
The 1930 Providence Steam Roller season was their sixth in the league. The team improved on their previous season's output of 4–6–2, winning six games. They finished fifth in the league.


1930 Providence Steam Roller season, Standings
Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.


1930 Purdue Boilermakers football team
The 1930 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1930 college football season. In their first season under head coach Noble Kizer, the Boilermakers compiled a 6–2 record, finished in third place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4–2 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 150 to 41.


1930 Pyu earthquake
The 1930 Pyu earthquake occurred on December 4 at 01:21 local time. The epicenter was located north to Bago, Burma, then part of British India. The magnitude of the earthquake was estimated at Mw 7.3, or Ms 7.3.


1930 Pyu earthquake, Earthquake
Before the earthquake, a tremor occurred at 16:36 UTC, and was felt in Yangon. The earthquake struck at 18:51 UTC, causing severe damage to Pyu, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Bago. Many masonry structures in Pyu were destroyed.


1930 Pyu earthquake, Damage
The area between Nyaunglebin and Toungoo was hardest hit, with 36 deaths reported. Many buildings were destroyed and the local railway was also damaged, with many freight cars and one locomotive derailed and turned over. The intensity of the quake reached Rossi-Forel VIII–IX, corresponding to MM VII–IX, and was felt in Bangkok, Thailand, about 660 km (410 mi) away. It was reported that the water in the Khlong Saen Saeb was agitated violently and overflowed its banks more than once.


1930 Pyu earthquake, Related earthquakes
This earthquake and the Bago earthquake on May 5, 1930, were both located in the area of the Sagaing Fault. The Sagaing Fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault that accommodates much of the shear component of the highly oblique relative motion between the India Plate and the Sunda Plate. This fault influences segments of the path of the Irrawady north of Mandalay. The May 5 earthquake may have triggered the December 4 Pyu earthquake. The distribution of the intensities of the both earthquakes suggests that at least a 50 km (31 mi) section of the Sagaing Fault between the two events of 1930 did not rupture during either of these two earthquakes.


1930 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
The 1930 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the fourth series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. One match was played on 17 March 1930 to decide the title. It was contested by Leinster and Munster.


1930 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
On 17 March 1930, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 4-06 to 2-07 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. This was their second title over all and their third title in succession.


1930 Railway Cup Hurling Championship
Munster's Tommy Treacy was the Railway Cup top scorer with 3-00.


1930 Rangoon riots
The 1930 Rangoon riots were a pair of race riots between Indian dockworkers and Burman labourers. The first broke out on 26 May near the Rangoon docks. It spread to nearby districts with high Indian populations and resulted in over one hundred killed and about one thousand injured. The second, a prison riot, began on 24 June in Rangoon Central Jail, where the staff was predominantly Indian and the inmates overwhelmingly Burman. The riots were overshadowed by the Saya San rebellion that erupted in December that year.


1930 Rangoon riots
In early May 1930—in the midst of the Great Depression—Indian dockworkers in Rangoon went on strike for increased wages. Burman labourers were brought in to break the strike, but the port became congested. An agreement was reached with the Indians to raise their wages, whereupon the Burmans were dismissed. As they returned to work the Indians jeered the outgoing Burmans and violence ensued. For days Burman mobs, often composed of toughs imported from other neighbourhoods, roamed about for Indians, who barricaded themselves in their homes and, in one case, in the local lunatic asylum.


1930 Rangoon riots
Order was only restored when the Rangoon garrison, the Cameron Highlanders, was sent in. According to British colonial government sources, roughly 120 people of Indian origin were killed and more than 900 were injured. However, more recent analyses estimate that more than 200 were killed and 2,000 injured. The majority of all killed and wounded was Indian.


1930 Rangoon riots
The riot in the jail was a lesser mirror image of the dockyard riots. The Indian prison staff killed, mainly by gunshot, 34 inmates (out of 2,000) and injured 60 others.


1930 Regis Rangers football team
The 1930 Regis Rangers football team was an American football team that represented Regis College as an independent during the 1930 college football season. In their third season under head coach Red Strader, the Rangers compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a total of 159 to 121.


1930 Rhode Island State Rams football team
The 1930 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented Rhode Island State College (later renamed the University of Rhode Island) as a member of the New England Conference during the 1930 college football season. In its 11th season under head coach Frank Keaney, the team compiled a 5–2–1 record (0–1–1 against conference opponents) and finished in third place in the conference.


1930 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1930 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1930. Incumbent Republican Norman S. Case defeated Democratic nominee Theodore F. Green with 50.53% of the vote.


1930 Rice Owls football team
The 1930 Rice Owls football team was an American football team that represented Rice University as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1930 college football season. In its second season under head coach Jack Meagher, the team compiled an 8–4 record (2–4 against SWC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 135 to 91.


1930 Romanian local elections
Local elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania on 5 February 1930. At this election women voted for the first time in the history of Romania. 1938 Constitution of Romania extended voting rights to all adult women for the parliamentary elections.


1930 Rome Grand Prix
The 1930 Rome Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Circuito Tre Fontane on 25 May 1930. Maserati driver Luigi Arcangeli won the race, ahead of the shared works Bugatti of Guy Bouriat and Louis Chiron, and the privateer Bugatti of Heinrich Joachim von Morgen.


1930 Rose Bowl
The 1930 Rose Bowl was the 16th Rose Bowl game, an American post-season college football game that was played on New Year's Day 1930 in Pasadena, California. It featured the Pittsburgh Panthers against the USC Trojans.


1930 Rose Bowl, Game notes
By losing to the Trojans, the Panthers gave up the most points since 1903.


1930 Rutgers Queensmen football team
The 1930 Rutgers Queensmen football team represented Rutgers University in the 1930 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Harry Rockafeller, the Queensmen compiled a 4–5 record and outscored their opponents 159 to 154.


1930 SANFL Grand Final
The 1930 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. North Adelaide beat Port Adelaide 67 to 64.


1930 SANFL season
The 1930 South Australian National Football League season was the 51st season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.


1930 SMU Mustangs football team
The 1930 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University during the 1930 college football season.


1930 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1930 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University during the 1930 college football season. In their first season under head coach Chile Walsh, the Billikens compiled a 3–3–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 107 to 82. The team played its home games at its newly-constructed Edward J. Walsh Memorial Stadium in St. Louis. Halfback Harlan "Snakes" Gazelle was the team captain.


1930 Saint Mary's Gaels football team
The 1930 Saint Mary's Gaels football team was an American football team that represented Saint Mary's College of California during the 1930 college football season. In their tenth season under head coach Slip Madigan, the Gaels compiled an 8–1 record, shut out five of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 168 to 31. The Gaels' victories included a 21–6 besting of UCLA, a 20–12 besting of Fordham, and a 7–6 victory over Oregon. The lone setback was a 7–6 loss to California.


1930 Saint Mary's Gaels football team
End Harry Ebding was selected by both the Associated Press and the United Press as first-team player on the 1930 All-Pacific Coast football team.


1930 Salmas earthquake
The 1930 Salmas earthquake occurred on May 7 at 01:34:26 IRST in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The earthquake, which was among Iran's largest, measured 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). A damaging foreshock occurred fifteen hours prior to the main event and served as a warning to the people that felt it strongly. Reports from seismologists and seismological organizations indicate that up to 3,000 fatalities may have occurred in northwest Iran and southeast Turkey.


1930 Salmas earthquake
Sixty villages (including the large settlement of Dilman, which was relocated and rebuilt as Salmas) were destroyed in the Salmas Plain and in the surrounding mountainous regions. A destructive aftershock sequence affected many villages, and in some cases, damage was inflicted on some that had escaped devastation during the mainshock. An inspection of the region was undertaken, but not until decades later, at which time substantial surface faulting and other ground effects were documented.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Preface
The epicentral area in the Salmas Plain covers 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) and is positioned northwest of Lake Urmia. This area had been inhabited primarily by Christians for about a thousand years prior to the event (which was one of the largest earthquakes to occur in Iran since 1900). The mountainous areas surrounding the plain are extremely isolated with villages (comprising mainly Kurdish people) that are spread far apart. Montane villagers sustained themselves primarily on wheat and cattle farming. To the west, near the Turkish border, lies Aravil Dagi, a volcano that is the highest peak in the region.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Foreshock
A relatively strong foreshock occurred at about 10:03:26 IRST on May 6 in the same area as the mainshock. This destructive event caused 25 fatalities and was felt as far as northwestern Azerbaijan and southeastern Turkey. Damage to adobe homes was substantial. Roofs and walls collapsed and in some instances whole homes were demolished. Many of the villagers in the valley spent the following night outdoors and were spared during the main event, but in the mountainous villages where the shock was not felt as strongly (Shekar Yazi, Sheydan, Ashnak, Aslanik, and others) the population was not as concerned. Many slept indoors and this led to high casualties in those areas during the mainshock a little more than 15 hours later.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake was a result of oblique-slip faulting, and was felt over a very wide area, from Leninakan in Armenia and Tbilisi in Georgia in the north, and Baghdad and Kirkuk in Iraq to the south. Dextral strike-slip motion, along with dip-slip motion (normal faulting, northeast side down) occurred on a fault trending west-northwest. The United States' National Geophysical Data Center lists 1,360 fatalities for the event, while the Belgian Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters' EM-DAT database and Ambraseys & Melville 2005 both list 2,500. Tchalenko & Berberian 1974, the USGS' PAGER loss estimate database, and Utsu 2002 all state 2,514. The Utsu list also acknowledges other estimates of 1,360 and 3,000.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
Sixty villages and about 40 churches were destroyed in the southwest Salmas Plain and the surrounding mountainous regions. In the zone of heaviest damage (bounded by the villages of Kohneh Shahr, Payajuk and Zaviehjuk) all the homes and all but one of the churches were destroyed. To the east of this area, the large village of Dilman reportedly had 1,100 casualties, but seismologists J. S. Tchalenko and M. Berberian questioned the reliability of this figure.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
In smaller villages, survivors provided an accurate count of those lost because they remembered the victims by name, but in a village of 18,000, survivors were unable to grasp the extent of the losses. Only two homes remained standing there, and the village was renamed Salmas and moved to a new location to the west.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Earthquake, Damage
The villages in the mountains to the south, west, and north of the Salmas Plain were generally smaller, and accounted for about half of the total number of villages that were lost. The foreshock was not felt at Borusliqalan (the westernmost village that was destroyed) and the losses were high. The foreshock was also not strongly felt to the east of Lake Urmia (and to the southwest of Tabriz) where the village of Mamaqan was completely destroyed and 85 people were killed. Other nearby villages went almost unscathed, with the differing amounts of damage being attributed to soil type.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Earthquake, Ground effects
A post-earthquake survey of the land was undertaken by seismologists N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melville, but it was not completed until the mid 1970s. At that time, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of surface breaks with right-lateral offsets between 1–4 metres (3 ft 3 in–13 ft 1 in) were located between the villages of Shurgil and Kuhneh Shahr.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Earthquake, Ground effects
Substantial vertical movement of the west-northwest trending fault was also seen, with even greater maximum displacements of 4–6 metres (13–20 ft), but the average vertical slip was about 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) throughout the extent of the observed surface faulting. They estimated that about 30 kilometres (19 mi) of visible fault breaks were present immediately following the shocks, but by the time they had completed their survey 45 years later about half of the surface features had succumbed to erosion. Other effects included disturbed stream and spring flow, water table fluctuations, and landslides.


1930 Salmas earthquake, Aftershocks
A series of strong and damaging aftershocks persisted for about three-and-a-half months. The largest in the sequence came on May 8. The event caused additional destruction to the northeast of the initial meizoseismal area. Qatur, which had been nearly destroyed by the mainshock, took another serious hit. Other villages (Chaliyan, Givaran, Mir 'Umar, and Ravyan) also experienced major destruction. Shekar Yazi was a village in the southeast region that had not been seriously affected by the mainshock, but experienced heavy damage during the May 8 event. This shock resulted in four additional deaths.


1930 San Diego State Aztecs football team
The 1930 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State Teachers College during the 1930 NCAA football season.


1930 San Diego State Aztecs football team
San Diego State competed in the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC). The 1930 San Diego State team was led by head coach Walter Herreid in his first season with the Aztecs. They played home games at Navy "Sports" Field. The Aztecs finished the season with five wins and four losses (5–4, 3-3 SCIAC). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 112–71 points for the season. This included shutting out their opponents three times and being shut out two times.


1930 San Francisco Gray Fog football team
The 1930 San Francisco Gray Fog football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1930 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Jimmy Needles, the Gray Fog compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 114 to 86.


1930 San Francisco Gray Fog football team
In June 1930, the school officially announced its intention to change its name from St. Ignatius College to the University of San Francisco. The football team played under its new name, the University of San Francisco, for the first time in an October 19 game against the West Coast Army.


1930 San Jose State Spartans football team
The 1930 San Jose State Spartans football team represented State Teachers College at San Jose during the 1930 college football season.


1930 San Jose State Spartans football team
San Jose State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The team was led by second-year head coach Mush Crawford, and they played home games at Spartan Field in San Jose, California. The team finished the season with a record of two wins, three losses and three ties (2–3–3, 1–2–1 FWC). The Spartans were outscored by their opponents 50–79 for the season, and were shut out in five of the eight games.


1930 San Sebastián Grand Prix
The 1930 San Sebastián Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Circuito Lasarte on 5 October 1930. The Italian driver Achille Varzi won the race in a works Maserati, ahead of his teammate Aymo Maggi and the privateer Peugeot of Henri Stoffel.


1930 San Zenón hurricane
The 1930 Dominican Republic Hurricane, also known as Hurricane San Zenón, is the fifth deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record. The second of three known tropical cyclones in the 1930 Atlantic hurricane season, the hurricane was first observed on August 29 to the east of the Lesser Antilles. The cyclone was a small but intense Category 4 hurricane, killing as many as 8,000 people when it crossed the Dominican Republic.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Meteorological history
The system is estimated to have formed on August 29 about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and the Cape Verde islands, although there were indications it may have formed closer to the African coast a few days earlier. Moving westward, the system slowly intensified, with its track and path based mainly on continuity. It is estimated to have become a hurricane on August 31 about 385 miles (620 km) east of Guadeloupe. Operationally, the hurricane was first observed on September 1, while the storm was passing through the Lesser Antilles as an intensifying hurricane.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Meteorological history
Based on north winds in Dominica and south winds in Barbados, the evidence of the circulation prompted an observer to report, "[there are] evidences of an approaching hurricane." Cautionary advice was immediately sent out from Barbados to Saint Lucia, and based on additional ship and island reports, the National Weather Bureau issued storm warnings for the southern coasts of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Meteorological history
After passing over or near Dominica, the hurricane entered the Caribbean Sea with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), the equivalence of a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale. On September 2, the hurricane passed about 60 mi (95 km) southwest of Puerto Rico as it intensified into a major hurricane. Due to the storm's small size, winds on the island were below hurricane force. Continuing slowly west-northwestward, the hurricane continued to intensify as it approached the Dominican Republic.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Meteorological history
Captain Thomas Evans of the SS Coamo of the Porto Rico Line, its crew and passengers all survived being buffeted by the storm for seven hours and passing through the eye. He reported a barometric pressure of 933 mbar (27.6 inHg) and a detailed description of its near capsizing off the coast of the Dominican Republic to The New York Times when they arrived in San Juan on September 4. The New York Times published the story on September 5 as "Steamer Outrides Storm's Full Fury: Caught in Vortex of Hurricane, Coamo Tilts Periously as Gail Strips Decks".


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Meteorological history
A steamship just offshore recorded winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), and also provided data to estimate the radius of maximum winds at 8 mi (13 km). At 1800 UTC on September 3, it made landfall near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic with a minimum central pressure of 933 mbar (27.6 inHg). As it was still intensifying up until landfall, the peak winds were estimated at 155 mph (249 km/h), although it is possible it attained Category 5 status. The worst of the hurricane occurred in a 2-mile (3.2 km) diameter of its landfall location.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Meteorological history
The mountainous terrain of Hispaniola rapidly weakened the hurricane, and by about 12 hours after moving ashore the winds decreased to tropical storm status. It quickly emerged into the Windward Passage and moved westward to the south of the Cuban coastline. On September 6 the storm crossed western Cuba before recurving northeastward into the Gulf of Mexico with winds of 40 mph (64 km/h). It strengthened slightly, moving ashore near Tampa, Florida, with 45 mph (75 km/h) winds. While crossing the state, it weakened to tropical depression status, although it re-intensified after moving into the western Atlantic Ocean.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Meteorological history
By September 12, it again attained hurricane status to the southeast of the Carolinas. After brushing the Outer Banks of North Carolina with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h), the hurricane turned eastward and reached a secondary peak intensity of 100 mph (160 km/h) to the north of Bermuda. It gradually weakened, deteriorating to tropical storm status on September 16 and dissipating the next day to the west of the Azores. The remnants merged with a system that later affected the Azores and Ireland.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Impact
Winds of 80 to 100 mph (130 to 160 km/h) were reported on Dominica, with winds of hurricane-force winds reported across the Lesser Antilles. The hurricane wrecked crops across the island and destroyed every ship at the harbor, killing two people. Rough seas also occurred along the coast of Saint Kitts, and a ship recorded a pressure of 969 mbar (28.6 inHg) near the island.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Impact
In southern Puerto Rico, the winds reached less than hurricane force, which caused minor to moderate damage to plantations. Rainfall across the island was dispersed unusually; the maximum amount on the island was over 6 in (150 mm) in Cabo Rojo on the southwestern portion of the island, while the minimum amount was under 1 in (25 mm) at a location in the center of the southern coastline. Rainfall reached over 2 in (51 mm) along the northern coast, with totals varying from 1 to 4 in (25 to 102 mm) in the mountainous interior. The precipitation was considered generally beneficial, due to previously dry conditions across the island.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Impact
On September 3 the storm was a Category 4 when it struck the Dominican Republic capital city of Santo Domingo, leaving a path of destruction around 20 mi (32 km) wide. Wind gusts in the city were estimated from 150 to 200 miles per hour (240 to 320 km/h); a gust of 180 mph (290 km/h) was recorded by a Pan-American Airways anemometer before it was blown away. Similarly, another observation in the capital city recorded winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) before the roof it was on was damaged.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Impact
It was estimated as among the strongest hurricanes on record to strike the country. Three entire districts of the city were almost completely destroyed, and an Associated Press report indicated "there was [scarcely] a wreck of a wall left standing". Overall, the hurricane leveled about half of the entire city. Due to its small nature, villagers 75 mi (120 km) from the landfall location had no knowledge of the storm. Heavy rainfall from the storm flooded the Ozama River and increased its flow to 15 mph (24 km/h), which prevented boats from traversing the river.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Impact
The passage of the hurricane caused severe damage estimated at $15–$50 million, with the storm considered a major disaster in the area. The Red Cross estimated 2,000 people died in the city, with an additional 8,000 injured. However, the death toll may never be known, and historians estimate the hurricane left between 2,000 and 8,000 killed.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Impact
Minor effects were reported away from the coast; the mountainous terrain of Hispaniola greatly weakened the hurricane, which prevented significant amounts of further deaths or damage. Effects in the mountainous areas included downed trees and crop damage. In Haiti, the hurricane produced locally gusty winds and heavy amounts of rainfall, though exact damage details for the nation are unknown. Despite crossing the island of Cuba, no damage or deaths were reported there.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Impact
Upon moving through the U.S. state of Florida, the storm remained severely weakened; during its passage a pressure of 1,006 mbar (29.7 inHg) was reported in Tampa, the lowest pressure in the state. The threat of the hurricane prompted the National Weather Bureau to issue storm warnings from Southport, North Carolina through the Virginia Capes. The strongest winds remained offshore, with minor damage reported along the Outer Banks. On Cape Lookout, the hurricane downed 12 small-frame buildings and damaged the city's Coast Guard headquarters. Power outages were also reported, leaving some areas on the Outer Banks isolated from communication to the outside world.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Aftermath
Relief work in the Dominican Republic began immediately after the hurricane, personally organized by the then-new President Rafael Leónidas Trujillo. The president deployed the entire nation's military within 24 hours of the passage of the hurricane. By the day after its passage, lack of food had become a problem, and large numbers of robberies had occurred. The winds downed all communications inside of the city, leaving damage details unknown until communications were partially restored a day after its landfall.


1930 San Zenón hurricane, Aftermath
The city plant of the newspaper La Opinión was destroyed, with three staff members killed; the remaining workers transmitted a damage story to offices in New York City, and included a plea for disaster assistance. The Red Cross office in Washington, D.C., sent $15,000 (in 1930 dollars, roughly $211,000 in 2015 dollars) in aid a day after the hurricane struck.


1930 Santa Barbara State Roadrunners football team
The 1930 Santa Barbara State Roadrunners football team represented Santa Barbara State during the 1930 college football season.


1930 Santa Barbara State Roadrunners football team
Santa Barbara State competed as an Independent in 1929 and 1930. They joined the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC) in 1931. The Roadrunners were led by third-year head coach Harold Davis and played home games at Peabody Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins, one loss and one tie (6–1–1). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 97–51 for the season.


1930 Santa Clara Broncos football team
The 1930 Santa Clara Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Santa Clara University during the 1930 college football season. In their second season under head coach Maurice J. "Clipper" Smith, the Broncos compiled a 5–3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 54.


1930 Santos FC season
The 1930 season was the nineteenth season for Santos FC.


1930 Saxony state election
The 1930 Saxony state election was held on 22 June 1930 to elect the 96 members of the Landtag of Saxony.


1930 Senigallia earthquake
The 1930 Senigallia earthquake struck the city of Senigallia in central Italy on October 30. It occurred just a few months after the destructive 1930 Irpinia earthquake, which had caused over 1400 casualties in the southern part of the country.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Geology
The coastline in the area around Senigallia is controlled by active thrust faulting at the leading edge of the North Apennines fold and thrust belt. Movement on a blind thrust, the Senigallia Fault, has caused folding in the area around the port forming an anticline that extends about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) parallel to the coast. The rupture area for the 1930 earthquake is thought to have measured about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) along strike and 6.9 kilometres (4.3 mi) down dip.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Earthquake
A foreshock preceded the main earthquake by a few minutes. Its loud rumble was heard by many, although the shock caused little damage. After hearing this warning noise, people fled the buildings they were in, flooding out onto the streets. Shortly after this the main shock came, at 8:10 a.m., with a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake affected the whole central and northwestern part of the Italian peninsula, with its epicenter near the city of Senigallia. Other major cities, such as Ancona and Fano, were damaged too, as were other settlements such as Montemarciano, Mondolfo, San Costanzo and some forty other small towns. The quake was assessed at level VIII (Severe) to IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Earthquake
The earthquake was felt from Istria to Apulia, along the whole of Italy's Adriatic shoreline, and as far across as Naples on the opposite coast of Italy. The aftershocks which followed lasted for over a month. A small tsunami struck the harbour at Ancona, but only one moored steamship was damaged.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Casualties
The earthquake took only 18 lives (14 in Senigallia, 4 in Ancona), but many more were injured. Thanks to the foreshock alerting the people, casualties were quite low, but many were wounded by debris falling from the damaged buildings.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Casualties
Many families became refugees, and had to live in tents and makeshift shelters. The region's tourist industry experienced much trouble in the following years, despite government assistance.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Casualties
Whole districts of Ancona, such as Capodimonte and San Lazzaro, were abandoned; the residents left for the countryside. People from Senigallia built encampments in the town's outskirts and occupied summer camps and rail coaches.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Damage
Many towns reported severe damage. In San Costanzo, 25 houses collapsed, and twice as much were damaged beyond repair. 450 buildings needed restoration work, but luckily no one perished, and only one inhabitant was wounded.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Damage
In Mondolfo, the damage was worse. The 15 second shock destroyed 60 houses, and 39 were severely damaged. Another 540 displayed cracks in the walls, while 20 people were injured.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Damage
In Fano, the shock was much shorter (due to the different composition of the ground), about five seconds, but 86 houses suffered critical, 1197 severe and 2880 light damage, while six people required medical assistance.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Damage
Marotta, Mombaroccio, Cartoceto, Saltara, Candelara, Sant'Ippolito, Sorbolongo, Urbino, Fossombrone and Sant'Andrea di Suasa all reported some damage. More severely affected were Monteporzio, Fratte Rosa, Serrungarina and Urbania.


1930 Senigallia earthquake, Damage
The old town of Senigallia, rich in monuments and businesses, was practically destroyed: the city lost its importance as a harbor and trade hub of the Adriatic Sea, along with its cultural heritage. The stone building decorations were mostly replaced by concrete or plaster fillings, compromising the look of the city center. The Misa River, used as a harbor channel, had to have new concrete embankments and lost its scenic attractiveness. Rebuilding worsened the damage; most repairable buildings were demolished to make way for new construction. The outcome was a decline in city population, importance and tourist appeal. The population shrank 70% over the next five decades.


1930 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1930 Sewanee Tigers football team represented the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1930 college football season.


1930 Sheffield Brightside by-election
The Sheffield Brightside by-election of 1930 was held on 6 February 1930. The by-election was held due to the elevated to the peerage of the incumbent Labour MP, Arthur Ponsonby. It was won by the Labour candidate Fred Marshall.


1930 Sheffield Brightside by-election, Previous result and background
Ponsonby had held the seat for Labour since 1922. At the 1929 election he had increased his majority over the second-placed Conservatives from 3,345 votes to over 10,000.


1930 Sheffield Brightside by-election, Aftermath
While Marshall retained the seat for Labour, he would lose it to Russell at the following year's general election. Four years later the pair fought each other for a third time at the 1935 general election, and Marshall regained the seat.


1930 Shipley by-election
The Shipley by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Shipley on 6 November 1930.


1930 Shipley by-election, Vacancy
The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Labour MP, William Mackinder on 8 September 1930. He had been MP here since winning the seat from the Liberal Party in 1923.


1930 Shipley by-election, Candidates
The constituency Labour party selected as their candidate to defend the seat William Albert Robinson from Liverpool. He had contested Liverpool Exchange at the 1929 general election. He was the political secretary of the National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers. The local Conservative Association chose as their candidate, 42-year-old James Horace Lockwood. He was a strong advocate of safeguarding for the textile industry. He had not stood for parliament before. The local Liberals put forward as their candidate, Arthur Davy.


1930 Shipley by-election, Candidates
He had contested Shipley for the Liberal party at the 1922 general election when he polled 22% of the vote, finishing third behind the victorious National Liberal candidate. The Communist party decided to intervene in the election and fielded 49-year-old Willie Gallacher from Scotland. He had previously stood at Dundee in 1922 and 1923 and West Fife in 1929.


1930 Shipley by-election, Campaign
Polling day was set for 6 November 1930, nearly two months after the death of the previous MP, allowing for an unusually long campaign.


1930 Shipley by-election, Result
The Conservative party, which had never before won Shipley, gained the seat from Labour;


1930 Shipley by-election, Aftermath
Lockwood was re-elected at the 1931 general election, but the local Conservative Association did not re-adopt him as their candidate for the 1935 election. He stood instead as an Independent Conservative, but lost his seat, finishing last of 4 candidates with only 13.5% of the votes. Robinson challenged again in 1931 before being elected for St Helens in 1935. Gallacher returned to Scotland and was eventually elected to represent West Fife in 1935. Davy did not stand again. The result at the following General election;


1930 Simmons Cowboys football team
The 1930 Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Simmons University (later known as Hardin-Simmons University) as a member of the Texas Conference during the 1930 college football season. In its first season under head coach Les Cranfill, the team compiled a 5–1–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 142 to 45.