1928 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Cavan claimed that Paddy Loughlin's late goal was thrown into the net. Patsy Devlin hit a goal back to equalise, but Bill Mangan scored a point to win the Sam Maguire Cup for the first time. The match was referred by Thomas Burke.


1928 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
1928 was the first year in which the Sam Maguire Cup was awarded to the All-Ireland football winner; the cup is still awarded to the winning team.


1928 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1928 was the 42nd series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Cork won the championship, beating Galway 6-12 to 1-0 in the final.


1928 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Semi-final: (1 match) The Leinster and Munster champions were drawn to play each other in a lone semi-final. One team was eliminated at this stage while the winners advanced to the All-Ireland final.


1928 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Final: (1 match) Galway received a bye to this stage of the championship and played the winners of the lone semi-final. The winners were declared All-Ireland champions.


1928 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1928 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 41st All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1928 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 9 September 1928, between Cork and Galway. The Connacht men lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 6-12 to 1-0.


1928 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1928 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1928 college football season. The organizations selecting teams in 1934 included the Associated Press (AP), the Newspaper Enterprise Association, and the United Press (UP).


1928 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by at least two of the AP, NEA and UP


1928 All-Pro Team
The 1928 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1928 NFL season. Teams were selected by, among others, the Green Bay Press-Gazette (GB), based on the results of a questionnaires sent to the league managers and reporters, and the Chicago Tribune (CT).


1928 All-Pro Team
The Chicago Tribune picked quarterback Benny Friedman as the captain of its team, calling him "not only a great player but a magnificent showman," "a great passer and a field general par excellence."


1928 All-Southwest Conference football team
The 1928 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various sports writers and officials for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1928 college football season.


1928 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key
Hop = A. S. "Hop" Hopkins, sports editor Austin American


1928 Allan Cup
The 1928 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1927-28 Senior season.


1928 Allan Cup, Final
The best-of-three series was held in Ottawa at the Ottawa Auditorium.


1928 Appalachian Normal football team
The 1928 Appalachian Normal football team represented Appalachian State Normal School—now known as Appalachian State University—in the 1928 college football season. This was the first season that the school fielded a football team. Appalachian Normal was led by head coach Graydon Eggers and played their home games at College Field in Boone, North Carolina.


1928 Argentine Primera División
The 1928 Argentine Primera División was the 37th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 15, 1928, and ended on June 30, 1929. The league expanded to include 36 teams, which played in a single league with each team playing the other only once.


1928 Argentine Primera División
Huracán won its 4th. title in Primera. El Porvenir and Argentino (B) returned to the top division after their runs on Segunda División while Liberal Argentino and Porteño were relegated.


1928 Argentine general election
The Argentine general election of 1928 was held on 1 April, with a turnout of 80.9%.


1928 Argentine general election, Background
Former President Hipólito Yrigoyen's differences with his successor and erstwhile ally, Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, persuaded him to campaign for the presidency again. Doing so meant overcoming a host of obstacles, however:  his "Antipersonalist" opposition within the UCR, though divided, eroded his allies' majority in Congress from 91 seats (out of 158) to 72 in 1924 and 60 in 1926, and he himself was 78 and in declining health.


1928 Argentine general election, Background
These developments encouraged not only the Antipersonalists, but also conservatives, who united behind Julio A. Roca's Rightist Confederation. The Governor of the important Córdoba Province, Roca was the son of General Julio Roca, who had dominated the country politically between 1880 and 1906 and, in the minds of their supporters, recalled a certain nostagia for the pastoral Argentina of the time. President Alvear's Antipersonalist UCR nominated the leader of the 1924 dissension that created the movement, Senator Leopoldo Melo. Melo underscored the conservative bent of his campaign by naming Senator Vicente Gallo as his running mate; Gallo was a founding member of the paramilitary Argentine Patriotic League, and had resigned as President Alvear's Interior Minister after unsuccessfully lobbying to have a pro-Yrigoyen governor removed.


1928 Argentine general election, Background
The Socialists, who vied for the majority in the Buenos Aires City Legislature (but had little following elsewhere), themselves balked at the possibility of victory in 1928 and split during their 1927 convention over Senator Juan B. Justo's intransigent leadership of the party. Senator Justo died suddenly in January 1928, and the party presented two tickets: the Authentic Socialists, led by Congressman Mario Bravo and running only in the City of Buenos Aires, and the more conservative Independent Socialists, led Justo's running-mate, former University of La Plata Director José Nicolás Matienzo.


1928 Argentine general election, Background
Election night was a referendum on the charismatic Yrigoyen, as well as on the largely positive memories voters had of 1916—22 term. Yrigoyen had further built on this sentiment by focusing debate in the closing days of the campaign on the future of YPF, thereby presenting himself as its best defense against the oil concern's chief antagonist, Standard Oil. His ticket swept the polls, recovering the majority it enjoyed in the Lower House in the early 1920s (with 53 of 79 seats at stake), and winning 5 of 10 contested Senate seats.


1928 Argentine general election, Background
His faction won majorities in all major districts: the City of Buenos Aires, and in Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Santa Fe Provinces (the latter two had been in opposition hands since 1920 and 1918, respectively). Mendoza Province, which remained in the reformist former Governor Carlos Washington Lencinas' Dissident UCR column, continued to be denied its two Senators by the body, itself.


1928 Argentine general election, Background
Bravo's Authentic Socialists lost to Matienzo's splinter ticket (though only an endorsement by San Juan Governor Federico Cantoni gave the latter 3 electoral votes). Roca's Unified Front, which lost in their home province of Córdoba, had endorsed the Antipersonalist UCR Melo-Gallo ticket, and pledged their 20 electors to the latter in a symbolic alliance. Minor and provincial parties, for their part, opted instead to abstain from casting most of their combined 84 electoral votes, thereby creating the largest such deficit in the history of the Argentine Electoral College (abolished in 1994 by the constitutional convention held that year). Yrigoyen's running mate, Francisco Beiró, died before taking office, and Córdoba Governor Enrique Martínez was elected to the post by the electoral college. Yrigoyen was sworn in on October 12, 1928.


1928 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1928 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In their 14th season under head coach Pop McKale, the Wildcats compiled a 5–1–2 record and outscored their opponents, 152 to 110. The team captain was Theodore R. P. "Ted" Diebold. The team's sole loss was to USC by a 78-7 score. The 78 points allowed against USC remains an Arizona program record, as does the 12 touchdowns allowed and the 38 points allowed in the fourth quarter against USC.


1928 Arizona gubernatorial election
The 1928 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1928. Despite a fairly poor economy, a 15-point loss by Al Smith for the Arizona electoral votes, and having served for nearly 6 full terms, Hunt only narrowly lost the general election. Other state Democrats like Senator Ashurst and Representative Douglas both won re-election. John C. Phillips became the second Republican to serve as Arizona Governor, and the first to beat Hunt in a general election.


1928 Arizona gubernatorial election
John Calhoun Phillips was sworn in for his first and only term as Governor on January 7, 1929.


1928 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1928 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1928 college football season. In their seventh and final year under head coach Francis Schmidt, the Razorbacks compiled a 7–2 record (2–1 against SWC opponents), finished in second place in the SWC, shut out five of their nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 251 to 63.


1928 Army Cadets football team
The 1928 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1928 college football season. Led by head coach Biff Jones, the team finished the season with a record of 8–2. The Cadets offense scored 215 points, while the defense allowed 79 points. The 1928 season was one of the few years in which Army did not play the Navy Midshipmen in the Army–Navy Game.


1928 Army Cadets football team
Against Notre Dame at Yankee Stadium, with the game scoreless at halftime, legendary Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne gave his "win one for the Gipper" speech (with reference to All-American halfback George Gipp, who died in 1920); Notre Dame went on to win,  12–6. Army participated in the best-attended college football game at Yankee Stadium on December 1, when Army lost to Stanford 26–0 before 86,000.


1928 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election
The Ashton-under-Lyne by-election was held on 29 October 1928. It was notable for having the highest turnout of any Parliamentary by-election in Great Britain.


1928 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election
The election was caused by the bankruptcy of Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Ashton-under-Lyne Cornelius Homan. Although Homan had only represented the constituency since the 1924 general election, Ashton had been represented by Conservatives for many years, and Labour had never taken the seat. However, the Conservatives had never achieved a large majority in the seat, and as both Labour and the Liberal Party had gained several seats in recent by-elections, it was thought that both would mount a strong challenge. As a result, interest in the by-election was high.


1928 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election
Labour stood Albert Bellamy, while the Conservatives stood Gordon Touche, and the Liberals put up William Gilbert Greenwood, an accountant.


1928 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election, Results
The Mayor of Ashton arranged for coloured rockets to be fired from the roof of the town hall when the result was announced, the colour to correspond to that of the winning party. After the fastest ever count – a record which stands to the present day, he did so. This led to some confusion, as their colour was not obvious to all observers, but it soon became apparent that they were yellow – the local Labour Party colour.


1928 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election, Results
Most unusually, the turnout for the by-election was higher than that for the previous general election in the seat, at 89.1% of the electorate. The Liberals picked up a few votes, but Labour gained many more, at the expense of the Conservatives who only just avoided falling into third place.


1928 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election, Results
Bellamy held the seat in the 1929 general election, but he died in 1931, precipitating another by-election, won by the Conservatives. Labour won the seat back in 1935 and have held it ever since. Touche took the safe Conservative constituency of Reigate in 1931, and remained an MP for many years.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1928 Atlantic hurricane season featured the Okeechobee hurricane, the second deadliest tropical cyclone in the history of the contiguous United States. Only seven tropical cyclones developed during the season. Of these seven tropical systems, six of them intensified into a tropical storm and four further strengthened into hurricanes. One hurricane deepened into a major hurricane, which is Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The first system, the Fort Pierce hurricane, developed near the Lesser Antilles on August 3. The storm crossed the Bahamas and made landfall in Florida.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season
Two fatalities and approximately $235,000 in damage was reported. A few days after the first storm developed, the Haiti hurricane, formed near the southern Windward Islands on August 7. The storm went on to strike Haiti, Cuba, and Florida. This storm left about $2 million in damage and at least 210 deaths. Impacts from the third system are unknown.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season
The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Four, nicknamed the Okeechobee hurricane. Becoming a Category 5 hurricane, the hurricane struck Puerto Rico at that intensity. Several islands of the Greater and Lesser Antilles suffered "great destruction", especially Guadeloupe and Puerto Rico. The storm then crossed the Bahamas as a Category 4 hurricane, leaving deaths and severe damage on some islands. Also as a Category 4, the cyclone struck West Palm Beach, Florida, resulting in catastrophic wind damage.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season
Inland flooding and storm surge resulted in Lake Okeechobee overflowing its banks, flooding nearby towns and leaving at least 2,500 deaths, making it the second deadliest hurricane in the United States after the 1900 Galveston hurricane. Overall, this storm caused at least $100 million in damage and 4,079 deaths. The three remaining systems did not impact land. Collectively, the storms of this season left over $102 million in damage and at least 4,289 fatalities.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 83, slightly above the 1921–1930 average of 76.6. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
This storm developed from a tropical wave north of the Virgin Islands on August 3. The system paralleled the Greater Antilles throughout much of its early existence. On August 6, the tropical storm strengthened to the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane while positioned over the Bahamas. The hurricane continued to intensify, and after reaching Category 2 hurricane strength, peaked with sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) on August 7. Shortly thereafter, the hurricane made landfall as a slightly weaker storm near Fort Pierce, Florida, at 07:00 UTC on August 8.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
Weakening as it moved across Florida over the course of the next day, the storm briefly moved over the Gulf of Mexico before recurving northwards. It made a second landfall on the Florida Panhandle on August 10 as a tropical storm. Once inland, the system continued to weaken, degenerating to tropical depression strength before transitioning into an extratropical storm later that day. The extratropical remnants progressed outwards into the Atlantic Ocean before dissipating on August 14.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
In its early developmental stages north of the Greater Antilles, the storm disrupted shipping routes through the Bahamas and generated rough seas offshore Cuba. At its first landfall on Fort Pierce, the hurricane caused property damage in several areas, particularly in coastal regions, where numerous homes were unroofed. Central Florida's citrus crop was hampered by the strong winds and heavy rain. Several of Florida's lakes, including Lake Okeechobee, rose past their banks, inundating coastal areas. Damage to infrastructure was less in inland regions than at the coast, though power outages caused a widespread loss of communication. At the hurricane's second landfall, wind damage was relatively minor, though torrential rainfall, aided by orthographic lift, caused extensive flooding as far north as the Mid-Atlantic states. Overall, the hurricane caused $235,000 in damages, primarily in Florida, and two deaths.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression near Tobago on August 7. The system then passed through the Windward Islands just south of Carriacou and Petite Martinique. Upon entering the Caribbean Sea early on August 8, the tropical depression strengthened into a tropical storm. On August 9, the storm strengthened to the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane, while positioned south of Dominican Republic. The next day, the hurricane peaked with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h). After striking the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti, the cyclone began weakening and fell to tropical storm intensity on August 12.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
By midday on the following day, the storm made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba. Upon emerging into the Straits of Florida, the storm began to re-strengthen. Early on August 13, it struck Big Pine Key, Florida, as a strong tropical storm. Weakening slowly while moving north-northwestward, the system made another landfall near St. George Island. After moving inland, the tropical storm slowly deteriorated, falling to tropical depression intensity on August 15 and dissipating over West Virginia on August 17.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
In Haiti, the storm completely wiped out livestock and many crops, particularly coffee, cocoa, and sugar. Several villages were also destroyed, rendering approximately 10,000 people homeless. The damage totaled $1 million and at least 200 deaths were reported. The only impact in Cuba was downed banana trees. In Florida, the storm left minor wind damage along the coast. A Seaboard Air Line Railroad station was destroyed in Boca Grande, while signs, trees, and telephone poles were knocked down in Sarasota. Several streets in St. Petersburg were closed due to flooding or debris.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
Between Cedar Key and the Florida Panhandle, several vessels capsized. Water washed up along the side of roads and in wooded areas. The storm contributed to flooding onset by the previous hurricane, with rainfall peaking at 13.5 in (340 mm) in Caesars Head, South Carolina. The worst impact from flooding occurred in North Carolina, where several houses were demolished. Six people were killed in the state, of which four due to flooding. Property damage in the state totaled over $1 million. Overall, the storm caused at least $2 million in damage and 210 fatalities.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three
A tropical storm formed on September 1 just south of Hispaniola. Moving just north of due west, the system brushed the south coast of Jamaica as a 40 mph (65 km/h) tropical storm on September 2 before slowly beginning to intensify on September 3. The strengthening tropical storm reached its peak of 60 mph (95 km/h) on September 4 shortly before making landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula near Playa del Carmen near its peak intensity early on September 5.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three
The system deteriorated after crossing the peninsula and entering the Bay of Campeche early on September 6 as a weak tropical storm. Later, the storm restrengthened slightly to winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) while nearing mainland Mexico on September 7. The tropical storm then weakened slightly shortly before making landfall north of Tampico early on September 8 as a weak 40 mph (65 km/h) tropical storm. After moving inland, the system weakened quickly to a depression and dissipated. The storm brought 2.18 in (55 mm) of rain to Brownsville, Texas.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
The Great Okeechobee Hurricane of 1928 or The Great Bahamas Hurricane of 1928 or Hurricane San Felipe II of 1928


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
This system developed as a tropical depression just offshore the west coast of Africa on September 6. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm later that day, shortly before passing south of the Cape Verde Islands. Further intensification was slow and halted by late on September 7. However, about 48 hours later, the storm resumed strengthening and became a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Still moving westward, the system reached Category 4 intensity before striking Guadeloupe on September 12.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
There, the storm brought 1,200 deaths and extensive damage, including the destruction of approximately 85%–95% of banana crops, the severe damage dealt to 70%–80% of tree crops, and the roughly 40% of the sugar cane crops ruined. Martinique, Montserrat, and Nevis also reported damage and fatalities, but the impacts at those locations were not nearly as severe as in Guadeloupe.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
Around midday on September 13, the storm strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane, based on the anemometer at San Juan observing sustained winds of 160 mph (268 km/h). The hurricane peaked with sustained winds at the intensity. About six hours later, the system made landfall in Puerto Rico; it was the only recorded tropical cyclone to strike the island as a Category 5. Very strong winds resulted in severe damage in Puerto Rico. Throughout the island, 24,728 homes were destroyed and 192,444 were damaged, leaving over 500,000 people homeless. Heavy rainfall also led to extreme damage to vegetation and agriculture.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
On Puerto Rico alone, there were 312 deaths and about $50 million in damage. After emerging into the Atlantic, the storm weakened slightly, falling to Category 4 intensity. It began crossing through the Bahamas on September 16. Many buildings and houses were damaged or destroyed, especially on Bimini, Eleuthera, New Providence, and San Salvador Island. Nineteen deaths were reported, eighteen from a sloop disappearing and one due to drowning.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
Early on September 17, the storm made landfall near West Palm Beach, Florida, with winds of 145 mph (233 km/h). In the city, more than 1,711 homes were destroyed. Elsewhere in Palm Beach County, impact was severest around Lake Okeechobee. The storm surge caused water to pour out of the southern edge of the lake, flooding hundreds of square miles as high as 20 feet (6.1 m) above ground. Numerous houses and buildings were swept away in the cities of Belle Glade, Canal Point, Chosen, Pahokee, and South Bay.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four
At least 2,500 people drowned, while damage was estimated at $25 million. While crossing Florida, the system weakened significantly, falling to Category 1 intensity late on September 17. It curved north-northeastward and briefly re-emerged into the Atlantic on September 18, but soon made another landfall near Edisto Island, South Carolina, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). Early on the following day, the system weakened to a tropical storm and became extratropical over North Carolina hours later. Overall, the system caused $100 million in damage and at least 4,079 deaths.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five
A tropical storm developed about 835 mi (1,345 km) northeast of Barbados on September 8. The storm moved rapidly north-northwestward and slowly strengthened. Upon turning northward on September 10, the system attained its peak intensity as a strong tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a high minimum barometric pressure of 1,015 mbar (30.0 inHg), both of which were measured by ships. Shortly thereafter, it began losing tropical characteristics and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone later that day while located about 700 mi (1,100 km) south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland and Labrador. The extratropical remnants continued to move rapidly northeastward until being absorbed by an extratropical low pressure.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Depression
A low pressure area previously associated with a frontal system developed into a tropical depression near Bermuda on September 22. The depression had sustained winds of 30 mph (45 km/h) and failed to strengthen further. It became extratropical on September 23.


1928 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six
The final cyclone of the season developed about 740 mi (1,190 km) west-northwest of the easternmost islands of Cape Verde on October 10. Moving north-northwest, the system maintained intensity on October 11, before beginning to intensify more rapidly on October 12. Early the next day, it strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane and peaked with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h). After turning northeastward, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm on October 14. Around 06:00 UTC on October 15, the cyclone transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while situated approximately 285 mi (460 km) northwest of Flores Island in the Azores.


1928 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1928 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1928 college football season. The Tigers' were led by head coach George Bohler in his first season and finished the season with a record of 1–8 overall and 0–7 in Southern Conference (SoCon) play.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season
The 1928 Auckland Rugby League season was its 19th. Devonport United won the Senior A Championship for the first time under the Devonport United name, though they had won it twice before as North Shore Albions, prior to the merger with Sunnyside. Marist Old Boys won the Roope Rooster Trophy for the first time. This was their second major trophy after winning the championship in 1924. They also went on to defeat Devonport to win the Stormont Shield.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Senior competition
The senior club season featured over 110 matches through various competitions and did not finish until late October when suburban cricket competitions had already begun.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Senior competition
Grafton Athletic won the Senior B Division competition going undefeated season after they had been relegated the previous season, though they were beaten in the promotion relegation match with Ellerslie meaning they would have to stay there for another season. Point Chevalier defeated Grafton Athletic in the Stallard Cup final which was the Senior B knockout competition. The season was notable for the number of teams which played sides from other areas. Ponsonby, Richmond, Parnell, and the Northcote and Birkenhead Ramblers all played sides from north Auckland and the Waikato.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Mt Albert Club formed
Mt Albert held their first meeting at St George's Hall in Mt Albert on the evening of the 3rd of April. Ralph Wilson chaired the meeting and George Rhodes, chairman of the Auckland Rugby League was present. It was decided that they would form a club in the Mt Albert area though they did not decide on a name at this time. They would enter teams in the third and fourth grades. During the season Auckland Rugby League made a grant of £3 to Mount Albert for a dressing shed.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Representative program
It was a very busy season, with ten representative fixtures including matches against the touring England team. Ernie Asher, Edwin Vincent Fox, and Bert Avery were appointed selectors for the representative team for the season.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Annual general meeting
At the annual general meeting of Auckland Rugby League it was noted that out of the 28 playing days during the 1927 season thirteen of them were played in wet weather; however, crowds were still good and they were happy with the growth of the game. Further developments at Carlaw Park were planned, consisting of "conveniences for ladies…extra accommodation… for players, and three more dressing rooms" at a cost of £60. There was a lengthy discussion about Ellerslie's application to join the A Grade. They had won the B Grade competition and defeated the last placed Grafton from A Grade. The annual general meeting was held at the Auckland Chamber of Commerce on Swanson Street.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Thistle Cup
The Management Committee announced at the midway mark of the senior club season that the Thistle Cup would be awarded to the A or B grade team that had scored the most points in the second round of competition. If two teams were tied then the trophy would be awarded to the team which had scored the most points for the whole season.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Ground availability
An ongoing issue for many clubs in Auckland was the availability of playing fields as the number of teams grew. During the season Northcote opened a new field at Stafford Park which is still in existence adjacent to State Highway 1 just north of the Auckland Harbour Bridge. Devonport also had a deputation present at the Devonport Borough Council meeting on 10 May to ask about the shortage of grounds in the area. The club asked for permission to use some of the spare cricket grounds for matches. Mayor E. Aldridge said there would be a ground available at Stanley Bay.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Rule changes
After Round 5 the issue of time keeping in matches at Carlaw Park was raised at the weekly Management Committee meeting. The bell had been rung in the match between Richmond and Devonport at Carlaw Park before the ball was dead which was against previously arranged rules. Agreement could not be reached on whether the timekeeper or referee should be responsible for calling time. In the end it was decided that official timekeepers should attend the Referees' Association meeting for instructions.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Rule changes
It was noted that the dead ball area on both fields at Carlaw Park had been reduced from 12 yards to 8 yards in accordance with the laws of rugby league.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Rule changes
A rule change came into effect during the season after the annual meeting of the English Rugby League. They decided that no forward at any time in the scrum could have both feet off the ground. Also forwards could not drop to one knee to attempt to hook the ball. The game in New Zealand would adhere to these rules.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Richard Stack benefit matches
The opening weekend of the season saw four first grade matches played at Carlaw Park, though these matches were not part of the competition. The round was dedicated to Richard Stack (commonly known as Dick Stack) of the Newton Rangers who had suffered a broken leg in the Stormont Shield final the previous season and the injury was so bad Auckland Hospital staff were forced to amputate it. This meant that he was unable to continue in his profession and so the league fundraised so that he was able to start his own business.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Richard Stack benefit matches
A total of £500 was taken at the gates. The day also featured a program of boxing matches with the prizes donated back to Stack. After all the accounts were balanced it was worked out that the fund for Stack totalled £610 12/3. An oddity of the games themselves was the low scoring nature and that all four losing teams failed to register a single point. Given the timing in the season and the fact they were for charity and competition points they were largely treated as practice matches with the City Rovers side using 18 players.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Monteith Shield fixtures
Round 1 saw the newly promoted Ellerslie upset Ponsonby. The season was ceremonially kicked off by Miss Peggy Rhodes, daughter of George Rhodes, the chairman of Auckland Rugby League Management Committee.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 4
It was decided by Auckland Rugby League after the 3rd round that they would no longer play curtain-raiser matches by Senior A Grade teams at 1:30pm. This was due to players having difficulty getting to the ground on time as they often worked on Saturdays and had to travel from the outer suburbs. A recent example had been the Newton Rangers v Devonport match where several Newton players had arrived late and the match was so late kicking off that the second half lasted only 25 minutes instead of 40. Leslie Letton, a well known rugby player transferred from rugby union where he had been playing for Marist, and scored 2 tries for Ponsonby on debut in their 18–14 loss to Marist.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 6
The match between Richmond and Ellerslie was played on the Kings Birthday holiday as part of the celebrations.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 7
Following the conclusion of the first round, The New Zealand Herald published the individual points tallies of all the point scorers. This was the first time this had been done. Taylor of Richmond led the standings with 46 points, Len Scott of Devonport had 33, while Craddock Dufty of Newton was third with 26 points.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 12
The New Zealand team was playing the 2nd test against England in Dunedin this weekend so all the Auckland players in the New Zealand side were unavailable for their club sides.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Roope Rooster Knockout Competition
Marist won the Roope Rooster for 1928 after defeating Ponsonby in a closely contested final. It was the first time they had won the trophy in their history.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Roope Rooster Knockout Competition, Semi Finals
Extra time was played in the Ponsonby match with Newton. Craddock Dufty was tackled into touch going for a try and the match ended a 5–5 draw with a replay required the following weekend.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Stormont Memorial Shield
Marist won the Stormont Shield (named after their former teammate) for the first time when they defeated the Monteith Shield champions Devonport with a late try by 9 to 8.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Labour Day Tournament
The ‘Labour Day Tournament’ was played over two days (the official holiday, and the following Saturday). It featured Huntly from the Lower Waikato competition and Pt Chevalier who had won the second grade competition. Marist won the trophy despite having to win two games on the first day, and two more on the second. For their efforts they were awarded £50 in prize money. Future international Ted Mincham made his debut for Richmond and scored a try.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), A Division B Division promotion-relegation match
For the second year in a row Ellerslie United and Grafton Athletic met in a match to decide who would play in the Senior A Division in 1929. Ellerslie scored a converted try in the closing stages of the match to remain in the A Grade.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (First Grade Championship), Top try scorers and point scorers
Top try and point scorers for A Division, Roope Rooster and Labour Day competitions (the three competitions all A Division teams competed in).


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Norton Cup (B Grade standings and results), Norton Cup results
Round 1 saw the opening of the new municipal ground (Stafford Park) at Northcote prior to Northcote and Birkenhead Ramblers match with Point Chevalier. The ground was opened by Northcote Mayor A. E. Greenslade who kicked off the ball to start the match. During the season Otahuhu asked the Otahuhu Borough Council for permission to take up a collection at the Princes St. Reserve and they also asked the council if they would erect a building. The council agreed to the collection but declined in regards to the building. Prior to the Round 11 matches Wirenui Mapi, the halfback of the Mangere team died after a short illness. The team wore white armbands for their match with Newton in honour of him.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Norton Cup (B Grade standings and results), Stallard Cup Knockout Competition
In the first round of matches the referee (Mr. Hill) in the Otahuhu v Kingsland game stopped play early and awarded the game to Kingsland due to the rough play of the Otahuhu side. There were several fights during the match and the referee had difficulty keeping spectators off the field. According to the writer in the NZ Herald this “was not the first time the spectators at Otahuhu had made trouble, and they were really the cause of the players getting out of hand”.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Norton Cup (B Grade standings and results), Stallard Cup Knockout Competition
The final saw Grafton and Point Chevalier tied at the end of normal time necessitating two extra periods of five minutes before Monaghan of Point Chevalier kicked a penalty goal to win the cup. This handed Point Chevalier their first ever senior trophy.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Other club matches and lower grades, Lower grade clubs
Grades were made of the following teams with the winning teams in bold:


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Other club matches and lower grades, Lower grade clubs
Richmond were awarded the Davis’ Points Shield for most junior grade wins. They gained 75 points, with Devonport finishing second.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Other club matches and lower grades, Exhibition matches
Richmond travelled north to play Hikurangi in the first rugby league match in the area. The local rugby team had become dissatisfied with their treatment by the rugby union and had switched to the league code. Richmond won the match in poor weather by 5 points to 0.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season
The first representative fixture of the season was played against South Auckland for the Northern Union Challenge Cup which the visitors had won from Auckland in 1927. Auckland won the 1928 match by 22 points to 3. The game was played in poor weather and was notable for the number of serious injuries with Stan Prentice of Auckland breaking his nose, W. Smith of Huntly suffering a severe back injury, and Stan Raynor of Huntly breaking his ribs. All three of them were taken to Auckland Hospital.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season
A midweek trial match was played between the Possibles and Probables in order to select the Auckland team which was due to play the touring England side later in the season.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season
Auckland trounced Canterbury in a Northern Union Cup match by 66 points to 22 with winger Roy Hardgrave (son of former Kiwi Arthur Hardgrave) running in five tries. The match was played in good conditions for the most part and was witnessed by a large crowd of 15,000.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season
A North Island v South Island trial match was played at Carlaw Park. The North Island team fielded a large contingent of Auckland players including Craddock Dufty, Roy Hardgrave, Hec Brisbane, Maurice Wetherill, Stan Prentice, Frank Delgrosso, A. Scott, Lou Hutt, Wally Somers, and Jim O'Brien (Marist). The North Island team was far too good, winning 44 to 8. The following week a Probables v Possibles match was played as part of the selection process for the New Zealand team to play against the touring England side. The two teams featured the following Auckland players (Probables): Craddock Dufty, Len Scott, Hec Brisbane, Allan Seagar, Tim Peckham, Wally Somers, Jim O'Brien (Marist), Trevor Hall, Alf Scott, (Possibles): J Beattie, W Hanlon, and E Cleaver.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season
A match was also played by Auckland in Whangarei. This was the first time an Auckland representative team had played in Northland and they were up against a fledgling North Auckland side. The area was relatively lowly populated and it was thought that they could not sustain both competitive rugby union and rugby league sides. Auckland win relatively convincingly and rugby league was to continue to struggle in the area for some time. The final match of the season saw Auckland go down to South Auckland both physically and on the scoreboard by 21 points to 7. The Auckland team was below strength.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Representative fixtures and trials, England Tour Match
The entire Auckland Provincial team were Auckland club players aside from Joe Menzies


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Auckland players selected for New Zealand
The following Auckland players were selected in the New Zealand team to play the first test versus England at Carlaw Park: C. Dufty (Newton), R. Hardgrave (Newton), C. List (Kingsland), L. Scott (Devonport), Maurice Wetherill (City), Stan Prentice (Richmond), F. Delgrosso (Ponsonby), Lou Hutt (Ponsonby), Wally Somers (Newton), J. O’Brien (Marist), Reserves: Tim Peckham (Ponsonby), and T. Hall (Newton). New Zealand won the test by 17 points to 13 in front of 27,000 spectators. Brisbane who had not been considered for the first test due to injury was selected for the second test to be played in Dunedin and replaced L. Scott in the side.


1928 Auckland Rugby League season, Annual general meetings and club news
Details of annual club meetings were as follows, along with notable news during the season.


1928 Austin city plan
The 1928 Austin city plan (also known as the 1928 Austin master plan) was commissioned in 1927 by the Austin City Council. It was developed by consulting firm Koch & Fowler, which presented the final proposal early the next year. The major recommendations of this city plan related to Austin's street plan, its zoning code, and the development of major industries and civic features, but it is most remembered for institutionalizing housing segregation by designating East Austin as the city's negro district.


1928 Austin city plan, History
The city of Austin, Texas, was established in 1839 to become a planned capital for the Republic of Texas. Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar appointed his friend Edwin Waller to oversee the surveying of the new city and to develop a city plan for its layout. Waller and fellow surveyors laid out a grid plan fourteen city blocks wide, with a central four-block town square meant for the Texas Capitol. This "Waller Plan" determined the shape of what is now downtown Austin, and it was not until the 1870s that Austin expanded significantly beyond the bounds of the 1839 city plan.


1928 Austin city plan, History
By the early 1900s, Austin had developed a number of suburbs surrounding the original downtown street grid, and growth began to strain the city's transportation infrastructure, especially at the crossings of the Colorado River, Shoal Creek, and Waller Creek. Citizens and businesses increasingly pressed city leaders to pave the dirt roads and otherwise improve the road network. Also, the City Beautiful movement inspired general interest in beautifying public spaces, as well as making them more functional. In 1926 City Council created a commission charged with the development of a new master city plan aimed at all these ends. The next year, the commission hired the Dallas consulting firm Koch & Fowler to develop a comprehensive plan for Austin's urban development.


1928 Austin city plan, History, Race and zoning
From the Civil War to the early 1900s, most of Austin's African American population lived in a number of freedmen communities distributed across the city, such as Clarksville and Wheatville. White city leaders were interested in moving black residents out of the central city and concentrating them into a racial ghetto on less valuable land, in part to reduce the cost of providing "separate but equal" racially segregated public amenities throughout the city.


1928 Austin city plan, History, Race and zoning
In 1917 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Buchanan v. Warley that the enforcement of racial housing segregation through local ordinances was unconstitutional, but the city continued to search for a way to establish de facto housing segregation in Austin that could satisfy this new legal standard, and this was to be one of the goals of the new city plan.


1928 Austin city plan, City plan
Koch & Fowler submitted their finished proposal to City Council in January 1928, in a document titled "A City Plan for Austin, Texas". The 80-page report included a large section on the development of the city's street plan, another on the design and placement of municipal parks and other urban green spaces, and a number of shorter sections on other public amenities such as public schools, cemeteries, fire stations, and a proposed civic center. Other sections discuss the development of the city's railroad and streetcar networks, the desirability of a municipal airport, the establishment of a new municipal zoning code and rules for land subdivision, and the city's integration into the development of the surrounding region.


1928 Austin city plan, City plan
The "Street plan" section noted that the Waller Plan's street grid continued to serve the central city well, but that the shortage of paved roads combined with the impact of obstructions such as the Capitol and the University of Texas campus forced excessive traffic onto a handful of streets. Detailed recommendations for the expansion and improvement of particular streets filled most of the section.


1928 Austin city plan, City plan
In particular, it proposed the construction of four new bridges to connect central Austin with its suburbs, three of which were eventually built as the West Fifth Street Bridge, the Lamar Boulevard Bridge, and the Interstate 35 Bridge. The report emphasized the potential aesthetic value of bridges and other new constructions, urging that they be given ornamental designs.


1928 Austin city plan, City plan
The "Parks and boulevards" section argued for the importance of public green spaces to the physical and emotional health of citizens, recommending locations for new or improved park facilities throughout the city. It noted the good condition of the three surviving park squares from the Waller Plan (Republic Square, Wooldridge Park Square, and Brush Square) and their value to the city as "beauty spots and breathing spaces". The plan recommended the preservation of greenbelts along Shoal Creek and Waller Creek and the banks of the Colorado River, as well as other wooded areas within the city.


1928 Austin city plan, City plan
One section of the plan called for the development of a new civic center district on the north shore of the Colorado, to include a new municipal auditorium and event center, and a new central library downtown. Another section called for the creation of a municipal airport, suggesting that it be built in southeast Austin on what is now the neighborhood of Travis Heights.


1928 Austin city plan, City plan, Housing segregation
One of the city plan's recommendations, detailed mainly in the "Schools" section, is the establishment of a "negro district" on the southeast fringe of the city, east of East Avenue (now Interstate 35) and south of the City Cemetery, which the plan identified as the neighborhood with the highest preexisting concentration of black residents. After noting that explicitly racial zoning was not legally feasible (thanks to Buchanan v. Warley), the document advises that the city concentrate all public amenities aimed at black citizens in this region, so as to draw the black population to it.


1928 Austin city plan, Legacy
In response to the plan, City Council adopted a resolution defining new city limits and establishing Austin's first zoning code. Later in 1928, Austin voters approved a municipal bond package providing $4.5 million (equivalent to $68,000,000 in 2020) in funds to implement many of the city plan's recommendations. These bonds paid for the construction of new boulevards, bridges, culverts, public schools, playgrounds, and city parks around Austin, as well as a new central library (now the Austin History Center) and an expansion of Brackenridge Hospital.


1928 Austin city plan, Legacy
They also funded the establishment of Robert Mueller Municipal Airport, opened in 1930 on the northeast edge of the city. The civic auditorium the plan called for was not built at the time, but thirty years later the city built the Palmer Auditorium across the river from the site the plan recommended; it has since been redeveloped into the Long Center for the Performing Arts.


1928 Austin city plan, Legacy, East Austin
Though the vast majority of its contents dealt with the sorts of city planning issues that still confront Austin today (transportation, utilities, parks, schools), the 1928 master plan is mainly remembered today for its role in establishing East Avenue/Interstate 35 as the dividing line between the majority-white central city and the majority-black district of East Austin.


1928 Austin city plan, Legacy, East Austin
The "pull" incentives recommended in the city plan were complemented by "push" incentives when the city avoided extending the sewer system or paved roads into the existing freedmen communities elsewhere in Austin, and real estate "redlining" also pushed African Americans east of the central city. By 1932 almost all of the city's black residents had relocated to East Austin, and the other black communities across the city had largely disappeared. This pattern of racial housing segregation persists in Austin to the present day, though its effects have been eroded by subsequent court rulings and legislation from the Civil Rights Era.


1928 Australian Championships
The 1928 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 21 January to 6 February. It was the 21st edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 5th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Frenchman Jean Borotra and Australian Daphne Akhurst.


1928 Australian Championships
Nineteen-year-old Australian, Jack Crawford reached the semi-finals, where he was beaten by Borotra.


1928 Australian Championships
This was the first of only four such a Grand Slam tournaments, in which a Triple Crown was achieved by two players.


1928 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Singles
Jean Borotra defeated  Jack Cummings  6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 5–7, 6–3


1928 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Jean Borotra /  Jacques Brugnon defeated  Gar Moon /  Jim Willard 6–2, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4


1928 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Daphne Akhurst /  Esna Boyd defeated  Kathleen Le Messurier /  Dorothy Weston 6–3, 6–1


1928 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Daphne Akhurst /  Jean Borotra defeated  Esna Boyd /  Jack Hawkes walkover


1928 Australian Championships – Men's Doubles
The second-seeds Jean Borotra and Jacques Brugnon defeated the unseeded Gar Moon and Jim Willard 6–2, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.


1928 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
Jean Borotra defeated Jack Cummings 6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 5–7, 6–3 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.


1928 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Jean Borotra is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1928 Australian Championships – Mixed Doubles
Second-seeded Daphne Akhurst and Jean Borotra won the final on a walkover against the first seeds Esna Boyd and Jack Hawkes, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.


1928 Australian Championships – Mixed Doubles
Originally this final (as well as men's singles and men's doubles finals) was scheduled to be played on Saturday, February 4. As the tournament progressed, it turned out that Borotra would have been engaged in all three of them. He refused to play three matches in one day and wished to forfeit in mixed doubles event. This was not agreed to by the committee and his semi-final and subsequent final mixed doubles matches were postponed until Monday, February 6. Unfortunately, Miss Boyd, who had been in Sydney for a fortnight (as the women's events have begun on 21st of January), could not arrange to remain longer and had to scratch.


1928 Australian Championships – Mixed Doubles
Both Miss Akhurst and Jean Borotra completed a Triple Crown achievement, having already won their singles and doubles titles.


1928 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
The first seeds Daphne Akhurst and Esna Boyd defeated the fourth seeds Kathleen Le Messurier and Dorothy Weston 6–3, 6–1 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.


1928 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
Daphne Akhurst defeated Esna Boyd 7–5, 6–2, in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1928 Australian Championships.


1928 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Daphne Akhurst is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1928 Australian Grand Prix
The 1928 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held on the Phillip Island road circuit, on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia on 31 March 1928. Although now known as the first Australian Grand Prix, the race was actually staged as the 100 Miles Road Race and it did not assume the Australian Grand Prix title until some years later. It was organised by the Victorian Light Car Club.


1928 Australian Grand Prix
The overall winner was Arthur Waite driving an Austin 7. The winning car averaged 56.25 mph (90.50 km/h).


1928 Australian Grand Prix, Race summary
The race was originally to be held on Monday 26 March however rain forced postponement until Saturday 31 March. It was open to "light" cars of up to 2-litre capacity and it attracted 30 entries, of which 25 were accepted and 17 started.


1928 Australian Grand Prix, Race summary
Competing cars were classified into classes according to cylinder capacity:


1928 Australian Grand Prix, Race summary
The event was conducted as two separate races, with the first held in the morning for Class B and D entries, and the second held in the afternoon, for Class A and C cars. The competitor setting the fastest time was to receive a £100 trophy donated by Charles Brown Kellow and would be regarded as "Champion of the Day". Trophies were also to be awarded for first and second places in each class and all other competitors who finished within the 2½ hour time limit would receive a Club award.


1928 Australian Grand Prix, Race summary
Only two cars completed the course without stopping. They were the Morris Cowley of J. O. McCutcheon and the Austin 12 of C. R. Dickason.


1928 Australian Grand Prix, 1927 Australian Grand Prix
Although the 1928 race is recognised by Motorsport Australia as the first Australian Grand Prix, a dispute exists given that an event held in Goulburn, New South Wales in 1927 was actually advertised as a grand prix at the time. However the 1927 event was not a motor race but rather a series of elimination sprints.


1928 Australian Labor Party leadership election
A leadership election in the Australian Labor Party, then the opposition party in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 26 April 1928. It saw the election of Leader James Scullin as leader following the retirement of sitting leader Matthew Charlton.


1928 Australian Labor Party leadership election, Background
Scullin, then deputy-leader of the ALP, was returned in the caucus ballot unopposed as Charlton's successor. The contest to fill the now vacant deputy-leadership was far less decisive. Arthur Blakeley narrowly defeated Ted Theodore for the position. Norman Makin was elected secretary of the party, to fill the vacancy caused by Blakeley's elevation to deputy leader.


1928 Australian federal election
The 1928 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 17 November 1928. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Nationalist–Country coalition, led by Prime Minister Stanley Bruce won a record fifth consecutive election defeating the opposition Labor Party led by James Scullin.


1928 Australian federal election
The election was held in conjunction with a referendum on Commonwealth–State relations, which was carried.


1928 Australian federal election
Future Prime Ministers John Curtin and Ben Chifley both entered parliament at this election. Both then lost their seats in the 1931 election and did not re-enter parliament until 1934 and 1940 respectively.


1928 Australian federal election, Seats changing hands
In the Division of Indi, the sitting candidate Robert Cook lost his seat after forgetting to file nomination papers, resulting in Labor candidate Paul Jones winning the seat unopposed.


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts)
The Constitution Alteration (State Debts) Bill 1928, was approved by referendum on 17 November 1928. The amendment to the Australian constitution concerned financial relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Australian states. It became law on 13 February 1929.


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts)
The purpose was to ensure the constitutionality of the Financial Agreement, which had been reached by the federal and all state governments in 1927. The agreement discontinued the per-capita payments system that had existed since 1910 and restricted the borrowing rights of the states by subjecting such borrowing to control by a Loan Council.


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts)
The referendum was held in conjunction with the 1928 federal election.


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts), Overview
The financial relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the states worsened during the 1920s. A financial settlement between the governments in 1910 had introduced "per capita grants", whereby each state received annual grants from the commonwealth of 25 shillings ($2.50) per head of its population. By the mid-1920s, inflation had made serious inroads into this sum but no new formula had been found.


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts), Overview
The 1927 Financial Agreement, apart from establishing a new grants regime, provided for commonwealth assistance in state debt reduction and, most importantly, established the Loan Council. Henceforth all governmental borrowing, except for purposes of defence, was to be under Loan Council control. Due to doubts concerning the constitutionality of this new body, it was agreed that its legality would be put beyond doubt by the insertion of a new provision, Section 105A, into the Finance and Trade Chapter of the Constitution. The amendment was carried by a large majority of voters, and in all six states.


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts), Overview
The Loan Council, described as "a unique institution among federations", attracted overseas attention from the moment of its birth:


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts), Overview
The Loan Council has had a dramatic impact on Commonwealth-State financial relations, particularly in helping the Commonwealth government oversee the national economy.


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts), Question
Question: Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (State Debts) 1928?


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts), Changes to the text of the constitution
The proposal was to insert a new section 105A to read as follows:


1928 Australian referendum (State Debts), Results
The referendum was approved by a majority of voters, and a majority of the voters was achieved in each state.


1928 BYU Cougars football team
The 1928 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1928 college football season. In their first season under head coach G. Ott Romney, the Cougars compiled a 3–3–1 record (1–3–1 against RMC opponents), finished 10th in the RMC, and outscored opponents by a total of 75 to 56.


1928 Bacharach Giants season
The 1928 Bacharach Giants baseball team represented the Bacharach Giants in the Eastern Colored League (ECL) during the 1928 baseball season. The team compiled a 30–31–2 record (18–12–1 against ECL opponents) and won the ECL pennant. Dick Lundy was the player-manager. The team played its home games at Bacharach Park in Atlantic City, New Jersey.


1928 Bacharach Giants season
The team's leading pitchers were Luther Farrell (9–7, 3.63 ERA, 87 strikeouts) and Rats Henderson (8–2, 3.42 ERA, 61 strikeouts).


1928 Ball Teachers Hoosieroons football team
The 1928 Ball Teachers Hoosieroons football team was an American football team that represented Ball Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) during the 1928 college football season. The team played its home games at Normal Field in Muncie, Indiana.


1928 Baltic Cup
The 1928 Baltic Cup was held in Tallinn at Kadrioru Stadium on 25–27 July 1928. It was the first time three Baltic countries — Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania — came together to play a friendly tournament and determine the best team amongst them. Latvia won the tournament, beating both opponents.


1928 Bavarian state election
The 1928 Bavarian state election was held on 20 May 1928 to elect the 128 members of the Landtag of Bavaria.


1928 Baylor Bears football team
The 1928 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1928 college football season. In their third season under head coach Morley Jennings, the Bears compiled an 8–2 record (3–2 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 219 to 54. They played their home games at Cotton Palace in Waco, Texas. A. E. "Pete" Jones was the team captain.


1928 Bethnal Green Borough election
Elections to Bethnal Green Council were held on 1 November 1928. All the council seats were up for election. The term of office for each Councillor being three years.


1928 Bethnal Green Borough election, Background
Following the decision of the Labour Party to expel Communist Party members from their party, in Bethnal Green, a number of their council group were expelled, including leading figure Cllr. Joseph James Vaughan. The Communist Party responded by fielding a full slate of candidates in opposition to Labour Party candidates. Bethnal Green Liberals decided to end their nominal Progressive alliance with the Municipal Reform Party and stand candidates for the first time under the Liberal Party label.


1928 Bethnal Green Borough election, Summary
In the previous elections in 1925, the Labour Party had won 17 of the 30 council seats, giving it a majority of Councillors. In 1928 the Liberal Party swept the board winning all 30 council seats.


1928 Bethnal Green Borough election, Election result, East
Liberal gain 2 from Labour and 1 from Municipal Reform


1928 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1928 Big Ten Conference football season was the 33rd season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1928 college football season.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1928 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, under head coach Robert Zuppke, compiled a 7–1 record, won the Big Ten championship, led the conference in scoring defense (2.0 points allowed per game), and was ranked No. 7 in the Dickinson System rankings. Tackles Albert J. Nowack and Russell Crane and guard Leroy Wietz were selected as first-team All-Americans.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1928 Wisconsin Badgers football team, under head coach Glenn Thistlethwaite, compiled a 7–1–1 record and was ranked No. 4 in the Dickinson System rankings. Guard Rube Wagner was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten player.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1928 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, under head coach Clarence Spears, compiled a 6–2 record, finished third in the Big Ten, and led the conference in scoring offense (23.9 points per game). Guard George Gibson and end Ken Haycraft were named All-Americans by the Associated Press and Look Magazine. Gibson, Haycraft and quarterback Frederick L. Hovde received first-team All-Big Ten honors.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season
The 1928 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, under head coach Burt Ingwersen, compiled a 6–2 record and was ranked No. 6 in the Dickinson System rankings. Halfback Willis Glassgow received first-team All-Big Ten honors.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season
Indiana halfback Chuck Bennett received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the conference. Northwestern's triple threat star Walt Holmer finished second in close voting for the trophy; Bennett received eight of 22 first place votes, and Holmer received seven.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics
KeyDS = Rankings from Dickinson System. See 1928 college football seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy


1928 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games
No Big Ten teams participated in any bowl games during the 1928 season.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Big Ten players
The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP), the United Press (UP), and/or Walter Eckersall (WE) as first-team players on the 1928 All-Big Ten Conference football team.


1928 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Two Big Ten players were selected as consensus first-team players on the 1928 College Football All-America Team. They were:


1928 Big Ten Conference football season, All-Americans
Other Big Ten players received first-team honors from at least one selector. They were:


1928 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team
The 1928 Birmingham–Southern Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Birmingham–Southern College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1928 college football season. In their first season under head coach Jenks Gillem, the team compiled a 3–2–4 record.


1928 Birthday Honours
The 1928 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 4 June 1928.


1928 Birthday Honours
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.


1928 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and British Empire, Privy Councillor
The King appointed the following to His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council:


1928 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1928 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George V, were appointments made by the King on the recommendation of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 4 June 1928.


1928 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.


1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team
The 1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team was an American football team that represented the Bluefield Institute (now known as Bluefield State College) during the 1928 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Harry R. Jefferson, the team compiled an 8–0–1 record. Bluefield was the defending 1927 black college national champion, became known as the "Wonder Team", and was again recognized as the 1928 black college national champion. The team played its home games in the Beceye Bowl in Bluefield, West Virginia.


1928 Bluefield Big Blue football team
Key players included tackle Ted Gallion and quarterback Herbert Cain. Jimmy Moore was the assistant coach.


1928 Bolivian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Bolivia on 1 May 1928 to elect members of the National Congress.


1928 Boston Braves season
The 1928 Boston Braves season was the 58th season of the franchise. The team finished seventh in the National League with a record of 50–103, 44½ games behind the St. Louis Cardinals.


1928 Boston Braves season
In the offseason, Rogers Hornsby was traded to the Braves. It was the second trade in as many seasons for Hornsby, who had been traded to the New York Giants during the previous offseason. Hornsby managed to be the league's most productive hitter. He won his seventh batting title in 1928 with a .387 average, and led the league in on-base percentage (.498, a figure that only Hornsby himself topped among National Leaguers in the 20th century), slugging percentage (.632), and walks (107).


1928 Boston Braves season
The Braves played 9 consecutive doubleheaders between September 4 and September 15, totaling 18 games in just 12 days.


1928 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1928 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1928 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1928 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1928 Boston Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1928 Boston College Eagles football team
The 1928 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1928 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Joe McKenney, Boston College compiled a perfect record of 9–0.


1928 Boston Red Sox season
The 1928 Boston Red Sox season was the 28th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished last in the eight-team American League (AL) with a record of 57 wins and 96 losses, 43+1⁄2 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1928 World Series.


1928 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1928 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in


1928 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1928 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1928 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


1928 Boston University Terriers football team
The 1928 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In its third season under head coach Reggie Brown, the team compiled a 3–3–2 record and was outscored by a total of 95 to 58.


1928 Bowling Green Falcons football team
The 1928 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State Normal School (later Bowling Green State University) as a member of the Northwest Ohio League (NOL) during the 1928 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Warren Steller, the team compiled a 5–0–2 record, won the conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 84 to 18. Harry Gwynn was the team captain.


1928 Brisbane City Council election
The 1928 Brisbane City Council election was held on 18 February 1928 to elect the Lord Mayor and councillors for each of the 20 wards of the City of Brisbane.


1928 Brisbane City Council election, Results
The ruling United Party changed its name to Nationalist Civic Party during the preceding term.


1928 Bristol West by-election
The Bristol West by-election of 1928 was held on 2 February 1928. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Gibbs. It was won by the Conservative candidate Cyril Culverwell.


1928 Bristol West by-election, Candidates
The local Liberal association selected William Nichols Marcy as their candidate. Marcy was a schoolmaster who had worked in America. He had previously been a member of the Unionist Party but left them in 1924. He was standing for parliament for the first time.


1928 British Columbia general election
The 1928 British Columbia general election was the seventeenth general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on June 7, 1928, and held on July 18, 1928. The new legislature met for the first time on January 22, 1929.


1928 British Columbia general election
The Conservative Party defeated the governing Liberal Party, taking over half the popular vote, and 35 of the 48 seats in the legislature. The Liberals' popular vote also increased significantly, but because of the disappearance of the Provincial Party and the Canadian Labour Party, which had won over 35% of the vote together in the previous election, the Liberals were defeated. Notably, as of 2019, this remains the final election in British Columbia history where the Conservative Party would achieve power in its own right.


1928 British Columbia general election, Results
* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.


1928 Brooklyn Robins season
The 1928 Brooklyn Robins finished in 6th place, despite pitcher Dazzy Vance leading the league in strikeouts for a seventh straight season as well as posting a career best 2.09 ERA.


1928 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases


1928 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases


1928 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games


1928 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts; CG = Complete games


1928 Brooklyn Robins season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Bases on balls; SO = Strikeouts


1928 Brown Bears football team
The 1928 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1928 college football season. Yale gave Brown its only loss on the season.


1928 Brownlow Medal
The 1928 Brownlow Medal was the fifth year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Ivor Warne-Smith of the Melbourne Football Club won the medal by polling eight votes during the 1928 VFL season.


1928 Bucknell Bison football team
The 1928 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In its second season under head coach Carl Snavely, the team compiled a 5–2–3 record.


1928 Bucknell Bison football team
The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.


1928 Bulgarian State Football Championship
The 1928 Bulgarian State Football Championship was the fifth edition of the competition. It was contested by 5 teams, and Slavia Sofia won the championship, defeating Vladislav Varna 4–0 in the final.


1928 Bulgarian State Football Championship, Qualified teams
The winners from each OSO (Bulgarian: окръжна спортна област, lit. 'regional sports district') qualify for the State championship.


1928 Burmese general election
Legislative Council elections were held in Burma in November 1928. Despite expectations that pro-government candidates would win, the result was a victory for the opposition, which won 45 of the 80 elected seats. However, the People's Party, the largest opposition party, was unable to form a government. Instead, the pro-British Independent Party formed the government.


1928 Burmese general election, Electoral system
The Legislative Council had 80 elected members, who were elected in 72 constituencies. Around 55% of the adult population of the country was eligible to vote in the elections. Women remained barred from standing as candidates, provoking a public protest by women at the Secretariat.


1928 Burmese general election, Results
Opposition parties won 45 seats, with the People's Party receiving the most votes. Sixteen independents were elected, of whom nine were thought to be pro-opposition. The pro-government parties and independents lost eight seats.


1928 CCNY Lavender football team
The 1928 CCNY Lavender football team was an American football team that represented the City College of New York (CCNY) as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In their fifth season under Harold J. Parker, the Lavender team compiled a 4–1–2 record.


1928 Cal Aggies football team
The 1928 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1928 college football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).


1928 Cal Aggies football team
The Aggies were led by first-year head coach Irv "Crip" Toomey. They played home games in Sacramento, California. The Aggies finished with a record of six wins and three losses (6–3, 3–1 FWC). The Aggies outscored their opponents 91–41 for the 1928 season, with five of their victories coming via shutout.


1928 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 1928 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic School during the 1928 college football season.


1928 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
Cal Poly was a two-year school until 1941, and competed in the California Coast Conference (CCC). This was the last year for the CCC. The Mustangs had competed in the conference since its founding in 1922 and would become an Independent in 1929.


1928 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The team was led by eighth-year head coach Al Agosti and played home games in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of three wins, four losses and two ties (3–4–2, 1–2–1 CCC). Overall, the Mustangs were outscored by their opponents 45–90 for the season, including being shut out in five of the nine games.


1928 Calgary municipal election
The 1928 Calgary municipal election was held on December 12, 1928 to elect a Commissioner and six Aldermen to sit on Calgary City Council. Along with positions on Calgary City Council, three trustees for the Public School Board, two trustees for the Separate School Board, and three questions put before the voters.


1928 Calgary municipal election
Calgary City Council governed under "Initiative, Referendum and Recall" which is composed of a Mayor, Commissioner and twelve Aldermen all elected to staggered two year terms. Mayor Frederick Ernest Osborne and six Aldermen: Frank Roy Freeze, Thomas Alexander Hornibrook, Frederick Charles Manning, Robert Henry Parkyn, Samuel Stanley Savage, and William Howell Arthur Thomas elected in 1927 continued in their positions.


1928 Calgary municipal election, Background
The election was held under the Single Transferable Voting/Proportional Representation (STV/PR) with the term for candidates being two years.


1928 Calgary municipal election, Background
W.H. Green, a contractor running under the Civic Government Association banner was the only candidate for Council who had never ran for public office before.


1928 Calgary municipal election, Plebiscites, Storm sewer
Relief and storm sewers bylaw for $380,000. Approval requires two-thirds majority.


1928 Calgary municipal election, Plebiscites, Centre St. paving
Paving and widening of Centre Street North for $102,000. Approval requires two-thirds majority.


1928 Calgary municipal election, Plebiscites, Fire hall equipment
New equipment for the fire hall for $50,000. Approval requires two-thirds majority.


1928 California Golden Bears football team
The 1928 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1928 college football season. In their third year under head coach Nibs Price, the team compiled a 6–2–2 record (3–0–2 against PCC opponents), finished in second place in the PCC, lost to Georgia Tech in the 1929 Rose Bowl, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 141 to 36.


1928 California Golden Bears football team
The Rose Bowl game has become one of the most famous moments in Rose Bowl history. In the second quarter, California's defense forced a Georgia Tech fumble on their own 30-yard line, and the loose ball was scooped up by California center Roy Riegels. He began to run towards the Georgia Tech end zone for a score, but then, in trying to get around the Tech players, he inexplicably turned around and headed in the other direction.


1928 California Golden Bears football team
Riegels advanced all the way to the Golden Bears' one-yard line before teammate Benny Lom was able to stop him, whereupon he was immediately tackled by what seemed like the entire Georgia Tech team. California elected to punt on the next play; the punt was blocked for a safety, giving the Yellow Jackets a 2–0 lead and what turned out to be the decisive points.


1928 Campeonato Carioca
The 1928 Campeonato Carioca, the 23rd edition of that championship, kicked off on April 8, 1928 and ended on October 21, 1928. It was organized by AMEA (Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association). Eleven teams participated. América won the title for the 4th time. No teams were relegated.


1928 Campeonato Carioca, Participating teams
After its suspension in 1927, Syrio e Libanez appealed against it, with the appeal being accepted when the 1928 championship had already begun, and as such, Syrio e Libanez only joined the championship in the Second round.


1928 Campeonato Carioca, System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.


1928 Campeonato de Portugal Final
The 1928 Campeonato de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1927–28 Campeonato de Portugal, the 7th season of the Campeonato de Portugal, the Portuguese football knockout tournament, organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 30 June 1928 at the Campo de Palhavã in Lisbon, and opposed Carcavelinhos and Sporting CP. Carcavelinhos defeated Sporting CP 3–1 to claim their first Campeonato de Portugal.


1928 Canadian Challenge Trophy
The Canadian Challenge Trophy in 1928 was an interprovincial soccer competition contested as a best of 3 games at Carruthers Park in Winnipeg, MB. The finals were played on 28th and 30th of July and 1st of August, 1928. The winners received the Canadian National Challenge Cup for that year.


1928 Canadian Challenge Trophy
Much of the details of the games including Westminster Royals were provided by Colin Jose.


1928 Cardiff City Council election
The 1928 Cardiff City Council election was held on Monday 1 November 1928 to elect councillors to Cardiff City Council in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. It took place on the same day as many other local elections in Wales and England.


1928 Cardiff City Council election
This was the tenth annual all-Cardiff elections since the 1914-18 Great War. The previous elections were in November 1927 and the next annual all-Cardiff elections were to take place in November 1929.


1928 Cardiff City Council election, Background
Cardiff County Borough Council had been created in 1889. Cardiff became a city in 1905. The council consisted of 39 councillors who were elected by the town's voters and thirteen aldermen who were elected by the councillors. Elections to the local authority were held annually, though not all council seats were included in each contest, because the four councillors in each ward stood down for election in three-yearly rotation.


1928 Cardiff City Council election, Background
Thirteen seats were up for election in November 1928. One Labour held seat was uncontested. Labour ran candidates in all 13 wards. There were eight Conservative candidates,  six Liberals, 2 Independents and one Communist.


1928 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result
Turnout was 61.0%, up on 1927 (42.4%) and 1925 (56.4%). Labour won seven seats, Conservatives three, Liberals two and Independents one.


1928 Cardiff City Council election, Overview of the result, Council composition
Following the November 1927 election the balance on the city council was 18 Liberal, 18 Conservative, 13 Labour and 3 Others. In 1929 Labour increased their number by two, Conservative and Independent dropped by one each. The Liberals remained unchanged.


1928 Carmarthen by-election
The Carmarthen by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen in West Wales on 28 June 1928.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Vacancy
The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Member of Parliament Alfred Mond had been elevated to the peerage as Baron Melchett.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Vacancy
Mond had held the seat since his election as a Liberal at the by-election in August 1924, and had been re-elected at the general election in October 1924 with a hefty majority over his only opponent, the Labour Party candidate Rev E.T. Owen. He defected to the Conservative Party in 1926 over the issue of land policy and David Lloyd George's proposal in the October 1925 publication Land and the Nation (also known as the Green Book) that some agricultural land be nationalised.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Candidates
After Mond's defection, the local Liberals had held an election to choose a successor to him to stand at the next election. This was initially contested by six candidates but four withdrew and the choice was between the businessman and soldier William Nathaniel Jones and Richard Thomas Evans of Cardiff. Jones won in a close contest by 149 votes to 147, having made clear he was an opponent of the Green Book land policy whereas Evans, who had worked closely with Lloyd George on other Liberal policies, was in favour.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Candidates
The Conservatives had not fielded a candidate in 1924, and Mond had won easily in a straight fight with Labour. However this time, they put up the barrister, Sir Courtenay Mansel, another escapee from the Liberal Party in 1926 who had been MP for Penryn and Falmouth from 1922 to 1923 but who had local connections in Carmarthenshire and was also a Justice of the Peace there.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Candidates
The Labour Party nominated Major Daniel Hopkin MC, a barrister who had been born in South Wales but educated locally at Carmarthen College.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Candidates
There was briefly the prospect of a four-cornered contest when the National Party of Wales announced their intention to stand a candidate but in the end they decided not to fight.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Result
The by-election took place on 28 June 1928 and Jones emerged as the narrow winner, with a majority of only 47 votes over Hopkin. Jones had made his opposition to the land policy a feature of the campaign in an attempt to retain the support of the division's farmers, many of whom shared Mond's concern about the nationalisation proposals. In any event the Green Book had by this time been withdrawn as a full statement of Liberal land policy. Instead, Jones promoted as the main object of Liberal land policy the desire to give security of tenure to tenant farmers. Many of those reliant on the land for their livelihood seemed to prefer the less radical solution of the government of Stanley Baldwin for the relief of rates on agricultural land.


1928 Carmarthen by-election, Aftermath
Jones held the seat for less than a year. At the general election in May 1929, Hopkin won the seat with a majority of 653 in another 3-way fight, and Jones never returned to the House of Commons.


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election
An election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in March 1928. It was preceded by the 1925 election and followed by the 1931 election.


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result
The election saw the disappearance of the Conservative and Liberal parties from county elections in Carmarthenshire, and contests would henceforth be between Labour and the Independents. Labour did not make significant progress in 1928 and it was claimed that the party lacked the resources to make a significant challenge.


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Unopposed returns
Only 18 of the 53 divisions were contested, the same number as in 1925.


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections
Most of the contested elections were in the eastern part of the counties. Elsewhere there were some contests where Independent candidates faced each other. Two such contests at Llanybydder and Rhydcymerau saw two Independents who were also brothers lose their seats.


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections. As noted, there was ambiguity in some cases over the party affiliation.


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Summary of results
This table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 53 councillors were elected.


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
In addition to the 53 councillors the council consisted of 17 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections the following eight aldermen were elected (with the number of votes in each case).


1928 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen
On behalf of the eastern members of the Council, Labour member D.B. Lewis of Llandybie protested against the re-election of aldermen who had not faced the electorate. However, he declared that on this occasion they had decided not to oppose the re-election of aldermen who had not been given advance notice. This was not the first time this matter had been raised by Labour councillors although it is ironic that one of the aldermen concerned, W.J. Williams of Brynamman was a Labour representative.


1928 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team
The 1928 Carnegie Tech Tartans football team represented the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now known as Carnegie Mellon University) in the 1928 college football season.


1928 Catholic University Cardinals football team
The 1928 Catholic University Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the Catholic University of America as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach John B. McAuliffe, the Cardinals compiled a 4–5 record.


1928 Centenary Gentlemen football team
The 1928 Centenary Gentlemen football team was an American football team that represented the Centenary College of Louisiana as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1928 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach Homer Norton, the team compiled an 6–3–2 record.


1928 Central State Bearcats football team
The 1928 Central State Bearcats football team represented Central State Teachers College, later renamed Central Michigan University, in the Michigan Collegiate Conference (MCC) during the 1928 college football season. In their sixth and final season under head coach Wallace Parker, the Bearcats compiled a 6–3 record (1–2 against MCC opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 126 to 73. The team lost to its in-state rivals Michigan State Normal (0–36) and Western State Teachers (0–19).


1928 Central State Bearcats football team
Wallace Parker left the team after the 1928 season. In six years as head coach, he compiled a 32-10-6 record.


1928 Chachapoyas earthquake
The 1928 Chachapoyas earthquake occurred on May 14 at 17:14 local time. It had a magnitude of Mw 7.2, Ms 7.3, or ML 7.3. Chachapoyas, Peru was almost completely destroyed. A landslide in Pinpincos caused the death of 25 people. Many houses were damaged in Machala, Ecuador. The maximum intensity was X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake could be felt in Lima. It could also be felt in Ecuador, Brazil, and Colombia.


1928 Chachapoyas earthquake, Aftershock
A strong aftershock occurred on July 18, 1928, at 14:05 local time (19:05 UTC). Some houses which had already been damaged in the main shock collapsed.


1928 Chatham Cup
The 1928 Chatham Cup was the sixth annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.


1928 Chatham Cup
The competition was run on a regional basis, with six regional associations and the affiliated sub-associations of the larger regions competing. Auckland, Wellington, Manawatu, Hawkes Bay, Canterbury, and Otago each holding separate qualifying rounds. The Hawkes Bay and Otago regions had only a single team entered each, Hastings United and Northern AFC. Hastings United's first match was the Manawatu/Hawkes Bay Final against St. Andrew's. Northern AFC automatically advanced to the South Island final, meeting the winner of the Canterbury finals, Christchurch Thistle. The South Auckland F.A., a sub-association of the Auckland Football Association, entered teams from the towns of Huntly and Pukemiro. The Waro Wanderers from Hikurangi were affiliated member's of the North Auckland F.A. sub-association.


1928 Chatham Cup
Teams taking part in the final rounds included, Waro Wanderers (Northland) Auckland YMCA, Huntly (Waikato), St. Andrews (Manawatu), Northern (Dunedin), Hastings United (Hawkes Bay), St Albans (Christchurch), Ponsonby (Auckland), Petone and Wellington Marist.


1928 Chatham Cup
Petone's Andy Leslie scored 9 goals in the club's 1928 Chatham Cup run in his first full season with the "Pets" from Wellington, after returning from a single season with Christchurch club Villa, where he won the Canterbury Football Association's English Cup.


1928 Chatham Cup, Controversies, The Wellington F.A., Petone, Thistle, McKee and Waterside
The N.Z.F.A. ordered Petone and Thistle (Wellington) to meet in a Round One re-match on 23 June, due to Petone playing an unregistered player in the first fixture on 9 June, voiding the result. The Wellington Football Association (W.F.A.) had granted the player in question, McKee, a transfer from Waterside a week before the match, believing he was financial with Waterside. Petone stated that they had verbal admission that McKee was financial with Waterside, and played him against Thistle.