1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Like Stutz, Du Pont was in the American luxury car market. The new Model G had a big 5.3-litre Continental sidevalve engine. However, this was a two-seater tourer, and refused entry by the ACO under its new maximum engine-size rule. So, the company quickly fashioned four four-seater speedster models, however only one of the two entries was ready in time for the race. It would be driven by the first Americans at Le Mans – Charles Moran Jr. (a friend of E. Paul du Pont, who had raced in Europe the previous year) and Alfredo Luis Miranda (the Mexican-born New York dealer for DuPont).


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Once again, the Grand Garage St Didier entered two of their Chrysler Six's. The ‘75’ was the 1929 model, driven by team regular Henri Stoffel, this time along with French GP racer Robert Benoist. The ‘77’ was a preview of the 1930 model and manned by Cyril de Vere and Marcel Mongin.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Invicta was an English firm founded in 1919. Offering a standard design in three wheelbase lengths, the 1928 LC (“large-chassis”) version featured the current 4.5-litre Meadows engine that put out 100 bhp. Cecil Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, a major in the Royal Marines, put in a privateer entry for the race.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Similarly, Lea-Francis was an English firm manufacturing since 1920. The S-Type had arrived in 1927, with the Meadows 1.5-litre engine used in several English sports cars. Once fitted with a supercharger (as the S-Type Hyper) it could reach 145 kp/h (90 mph) and became very popular with privateer drivers and Kaye Don won the RAC Tourist Trophy handicap. Enthused by this, gentleman racer Ken Peacock entered a car with Lea-Francis distributor Sammy Newsome as his co-pilot.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
The Lagonda works team had had a very disappointing season in 1928, with only one finish from seven entries in three races. However, a new team of Lagonda-owners (PERR) and the company's main agents, Fox & Nichol, approached the company to prepare four cars for racing. Major revisions were made to the 2-Litre Speed, including lowering the chassis, uprating the engine and fitting a tougher gearbox and suspension, all combining to give it a top speed of 160 kp/h (100 mph). One was entered for Le Mans, driven by Tim Rose-Richards and Brian Lewis, Baron Essendon. By contrast, the Alvis had been successful and returned with two of their new FA8/15 model. Still with front-wheel drive, the 1.5-litre engine now had a Roots supercharger. Drivers were 1927-winner and journalist Sammy Davis with Leon Cushman and Cyril Paul with Bill Urquhart-Dykes.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
SARA was the only other manufacturer apart from Bentley to have been at every Le Mans to date. Since the last race founder Auguste Tisserant had sold the license for his patented air-cooled pushrod engine to Scottish entrepreneur H.E. Plaister's new company Scotsman Motors who intended to manufacture touring cars around the 1.5 and 1.8-litre engines. In a joint-venture the companies entered a pair of four-year-old SARA SP-7s for SARA works driver Gaston Mottet along with three British drivers.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
The success of Tracta’s patented front-wheel drive system had attracted considerable investment from Charles Terres Weymann, which helped to allow the team to enter four cars to the race. The new regulations meant their two-seater Type A could only have a 1-litre engine, but each SCAP engine was fitted with a Cozette supercharger. Once again, owner Jean-Albert Grégoire drove one of his cars. Lucien Lemesle, the mechanic in the crowd who had volunteered to help Grégoire in the debacle that was their 1927 race, returned as a co-driver to Maurice Benoist. The fourth car was a streamliner special.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
The unique Cozette engine had opposed pistons at each end of the cylinders powered by the supercharger pressure, thus dispensing with a cylinder head and crankcase. Grégoire prudently assigned his head mechanic Tribaudot, who had assembled the engine, to co-drive Roger Bourcier (given the rule that only the drivers could work on the car during the race). Its distinctive engine easily made it the loudest, and smokiest, car in the race.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Bollack Netter and Co (BNC) had collapsed and been bought out by entrepreneur Charles de Ricou, who would also buy the struggling Rolland Pilain and Lombard companies. Two new models came to Le Mans: the four-seater Acacias, with a supercharged 1.5-litre Meadows engine, and a pair of the BNC 527, with its small 1-litre Ruby engine. One of those was also took the entry in the Biennial Cup.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries
Smallest car in the field was the D’Yrsan Grand Sport. After withdrawing its entries for the 1928 race, the company arrived this year. The low-slung car had a patented independent front suspension and ran with a supercharged 749cc Ruby engine. A normally-aspirated 1.1-litre entry was also submitted, but later withdrawn.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice
The British teams got to the track at the start of the week, to familiarise themselves with the circuit and the new layout in unofficial practices (with the roads still for public use). After testing and a shake-down run for the DuPont at the Montlhéry circuit, Moran was concerned about Miranda's lack of pace and decided to drive the whole event himself.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Once again, the race began under grey clouds and drizzling rain. First away were the DuPont and the Lagonda but Birkin, in the big Bentley Speed Six, was in the lead under the Dunlop bridge. Left at the line was the D’Yrsan with Trillaud losing seven minutes pushing the car up the road trying to get his engine fired (technically a disqualification offense). At the end of the first lap Birkin had already set a new lap record of 7m57s, from a standing start.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
The other Bentleys of Clement, Kidston and Benjafield were in formation behind, chased by the Stutzes of Bouriat and Eyston. Howe was next, though he soon moved up as the rain stopped to join his teammates, with Benoist and Mongin in their Chryslers and Moran's DuPont making up the top ten. Already there was a sizeable gap (over a kilometre) back to the Lagonda leading the smaller cars.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
After three-quarters of an hour, Earl Howe was in the pits, his progress stymied by electrical issues. Replacing the sparkplugs and the magneto took an hour but was ultimately unsuccessful. The DuPont retired with a bent propshaft badly affecting its handling. Unlike most other teams who now used secured lead weights, the team had loaded their ballast as sandbags. These had broken through the floor and damaged the propshaft. With their twenty lap minimum done, the other cars started making their first pit stops for driver changes and refuelling. The well-drilled Bentley drivers were in and out in 3minutes. Alarmingly, fuel spilled onto the hot exhaust of Brisson's Stutz which quickly burst into flames. Brisson was burnt and had to be taken to hospital. After extended repairs to the car, Grand Prix driver Louis Chiron resolved to carry on driving solo.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
Overtaken by the Alvis, the Lagonda was still going well until Lewis bought the car into the pits, saying the floorboards has been on fire. Initially thought it was thought a hot exhaust pipe had got bent, but when it was found to have a leak from a head gasket the team's race was over. In the meantime, the Alvis had also been put out, with a cracked cylinder head.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start
By 10pm as night fell, Barnato and Dunfee, having completed 44 laps, now had a lap's lead on the rest of the field. The remaining two Bentleys were next, themselves with a lap over Bouriat's Stutz (42) and with Eyston's Stutz and the Chryslers a further lap back (41).


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
Through the night, the Bentley team kept building their lead. Dunfee lost second place when he had to pit to replace his lightbulbs, which had burnt out their wiring while he was doing 100mph down the Mulsanne Straight. He was livid when he found out the mechanics had installed bigger replacement bulbs for the event. Stoffel started pushing his Chrysler when he took over at 2am, making up ground with his track experience. Then around 3am the Benjafield/d'Erlanger car, running fourth, got a water leak and electrical fault.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
By the time the niggly faults were repaired, they were being closely pursued by a resurgent Bouriat and Benoist. Then Benoist's skill as a Grand Prix driver came to the fore in the darkness as he successively overtook the Stutz and the Bentley to push up to fourth by 6am. Just before halftime the Tracta special – which had been in danger of disqualification as a driving hazard because of its excessive exhaust – broke a fuel line and retired.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night
The Invicta, that had been running as high as 9th at nightfall, was retired when a complete loss of engine-oil had broken a big-end bearing. They had been “the best of the rest”, leading the Lea-Francis, a Tracta, BNC and SARA. Around dawn Clement's Bentley had to stop when the rear ballast came loose and went through the floorboards, damaging the suspension. He lost an hour undertaking repair.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
So, as the spectators were rousing for breakfast, there were only a dozen cars left running. Barnato and Birkin were still running smoothly out in front. Kidston and Dunfee were now only a lap ahead of the Benoist/Stoffel Chrysler. Behind were the two delayed Bentleys and the two Stutzes. Chiron's solo-drive through the night had finally come to an end just after dawn when the clutch gave out. Then at 7 am, Eyston's Stutz ran out of fuel out on the track (with just a lap before his next pit-stop) because of a split fuel tank, leaving just one Stutz in the running.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning
A similar malady then forced the Chrysler to pit. Stoffel was under his car for nearly two hours doing extended repairs. That restored the Bentleys to the top four positions. The Lea-Francis had moved up the order through the night to eighth and was running well when one of the shock-absorbers broke. Despite a rough ride they made it to the finish.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
From there it was a routine run to the finish. With over 700 km (430 mi) spreading the small field, the only real point of excitement was the Chrysler trying hard to reel in the Stutz to take fifth place. In the last hour, W. O. Bentley put the word out to his team to line up for a formation finish. Quite a novelty at the time, the “Motor” magazine described it as “superb, disposed in line ahead like a squadron of battleships.”


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
Bouriat/Rothschild bought the Stutz home in fifth, barely a lap ahead of the hard-charging Benoist in his Chrysler, with his teammate three laps further back. Ken Peacock's privateer Lea-Francis was the first smaller-engined car, in eighth, with two of the Tractas rounding out the ten finishers. Team-owner Grégoire almost had a race-ending spin at Arnage near the end of the race, but they were the only French cars to finish this year.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
It was the most dominant display by a manufacturer in the short history of the race to date, and not matched until 1957 by Jaguar. The leading two Bentleys had not missed a beat. In the mighty Speed Six, Tim Birkin had stamped an impressive new lap record, fully 46 seconds faster, helped by the slightly abbreviated track layout. They also broke the race distance record, covering over 2,800 km (1,700 mi). The Speed Six's performance was so strong that they also won all three major awards, becoming the biggest car to win the Index.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
In finishing fourth, Frank Clement has the distinction of being the only driver to have participated in all seven of the Le Mans through the 1920s, all for Bentley and including the distance victory in 1924. Feeling very pleased with his consecutive victories, Barnato loaned Bentley another £25000.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race
In August, the innovative supercharging pioneer René Cozette was killed making a speed-record attempt when he crashed at 200 kp/h at Montlhéry. In November, Kidston was badly burned when he was the sole survivor in an air-crash in England of a Luft Hansa passenger flight.


1929 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Finishers
Results taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO Although there were no official engine classes, the highest finishers in unofficial categories aligned with the Index targets are in Bold text.


1929 AAA Championship Car season
The 1929 AAA Championship Car season consisted of five races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in Tyrone, Pennsylvania on September 2. There were also three non-championship races. The AAA National Champion was Louis Meyer and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Ray Keech.


1929 AAA Championship Car season, Leading National Championship standings
† Keech was killed in an accident at the June 15 race at Altoona.


1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi
The 1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi, also known as the 1929 Tournoi d'Été de Liège, was an international football tournament hosted in Liège, Belgium. It was won by the subsequent 1929–30 League of Ireland champions, Bohemians. The tournament is notable in Republic of Ireland football history as the only occasion, to date, that a League of Ireland team has won a European trophy. In addition to Bohemians, three Belgian teams - Standard Liège, R.F.C. Tilleur-Saint-Nicolas and Royale Union Saint-Gilloise - also took part.


1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi, Liège International Tournaments
Between 1908 and 1998 Liège regularly hosted an international football tournament. Local teams Standard Liège, RFC Liège and R.F.C. Tilleur-Saint-Nicolas were all regular participants. In addition to featuring other Belgian teams, the tournaments would also feature international guests from either England, Germany, France or the Netherlands. In 1929 Bohemians became the first and only Irish team to be invited. These tournaments were organized using a variety of names. However, during the 1920s and 1930s they were generally referred to as the Tournoi de Pâques de Liège or Liège Easter Tournament.


1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi, Liège International Tournaments
Easter 1929 saw RFC Liège and R.F.C. Tilleur, along with Dulwich Hamlet and Racing Calais,  compete in a tournament which had been won by Dulwich Hamlet after they beat R.F.C. Tilleur 3-1 in the final. Incidentally the 1931 Tournoi de Pâques de Liège would feature FC Prague Bohemians. The tournament that Bohemians participated in has been referred to either as the Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi or the  Tournoi d'Été de Liège. The latter translates into English as the Liège Summer Tournament. Aciéries d'Angleur was the name of a local steel manufacturing company originally based in the Liège districts of Tilleur and Angleur.


1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi, Bohemians Tour of Belgium
Between 1928 and 1930 the Ireland and Belgium national teams played each other three times. On February 12 1928 the two national teams had played at Stade Maurice Dufrasne in Liège with Ireland winning 4-2. Four Bohemians players - Harry Cannon, Jack McCarthy, Jeremiah Robinson and Jimmy White - had all featured in this game. McCarthy captained the Ireland team while White scored twice in the 4-2 win. These international matches subsequently resulted in Bohemians receiving an invite to play in the Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi.


1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi, Bohemians Tour of Belgium
In August 1929 Bohemians embarked on a tour of Belgium. They subsequently played at least four games against Belgian teams. The game against Charleroi on August 15 resulted in a minor diplomatic incident when, as the teams were led out onto the pitch, the Union Jack rather than the flag of Ireland was raised, much to the consternation of the Bohemian club's management and the local Irish consul, Count Patrick J. O’Byrne. O’Byrne later recorded the details of the incident in a letter to Joseph Walshe.


1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi, Bohemians Tour of Belgium
On August 16 a party representing Bohemians, led by Joe Wickham, met with Count O’Byrne and arranged to lay a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier to honour the Irish dead of the First World War. A number of Bohemians players, including Harold Sloan, had served in the military during the war. Following the ceremony, O’Byrne also presented Bohemians with an Ireland flag in order to prevent a repeat of the Charleroi episode.


1929 Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi, Bohemians Tour of Belgium
August 16 also saw Bohemians play a game against a Royal Flemish XI. They subsequently left Brussels for Liège where they took part in the Aciéries d'Angleur Tournoi. This tournament featured four teams. In addition to Bohemians, three Belgian teams - Standard Liège, R.F.C. Tilleur-Saint-Nicolas and Royale Union Saint-Gilloise - also took part. However Bohemians never played the latter team. Bohemians were declared winners of the tournament after wins over both R.F.C. Tilleur and Standard Liège. On their return to Ireland, Bohemians were officially praised by the Dundalk chairman, P.J. Casey, at a meeting of the Football Association of Ireland.


1929 Akron Zippers football team
The 1929 Akron Zippers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1929 college football season. In its third season under head coach Red Blair, the team compiled a 9–1 record (7–1 in conference), shut out seven of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 158 to 21. Harold Frye was the team captain.


1929 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 1929 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1929 college football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 36th overall and 8th season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). The team was led by head coach Wallace Wade, in his seventh year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, at Legion Field in Birmingham and at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of six wins and three losses (6–3 overall, 4–3 in the SoCon).


1929 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The Crimson Tide opened the season with a 55–0 victory over Mississippi College. The game also marked the first for Alabama at Denny Stadium, as it replaced Denny Field as the home field for the Crimson Tide. They followed the win with consecutive victories over Ole Miss and Chattanooga before they traveled to Knoxville for their first road game of the season.


1929 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
Against Tennessee, the Crimson Tide lost for a second year in a row, falling 6–0. A blocked punt set-up Tennessee's touchdown and Alabama turned the ball over on downs twice inside the Volunteer ten-yard line. They rebounded the next week with a victory over Sewanee in their first Legion Field game of the season, but lost to Vanderbilt in the week that followed 13–0. Alabama then closed the season with victories over Kentucky and Georgia Tech and a loss against Georgia in the season finale.


1929 All England Badminton Championships
The 1929 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Royal Horticultural Halls, Westminster, England from March 4 to March 10, 1929.


1929 All-Big Six Conference football team
The 1929 All-Big Six Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Six Conference teams for the 1929 college football season. The selectors for the 1929 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1929 All-Big Ten Conference football team
The 1929 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Ten Conference teams chosen by various selectors for the 1929 Big Ten Conference football season.


1929 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
AP = Associated Press "selected with the aid of nine conference coaches"


1929 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association selected by William Bracher, sports expert for NEA


1929 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
UP = United Press, based on consultations with coaches and football experts and "the consensus of its own men who have been covering games all season"


1929 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
WE = Walter Eckersall of the Chicago Tribune; his 1929 selections were his last, as he died of a heart attack in March 1930 at age 43


1929 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of at least two of the listed selectors (AP, NEA, UP and Eckersall)


1929 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1929 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.


1929 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
Clare won the championship following a 5-3 to 3-5 defeat of Longford in the All-Ireland final. It remains their only All-Ireland title in this grade.


1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the second staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.


1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster semi-final.


1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
On 16 February 1930, Waterford won the championship following a 5-00 to 1-01 defeat of Meath in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1929 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 43rd staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. Kerry were the winners.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
The 1929 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 42nd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1929 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
Kerry won the final by three points with a goal by Ned Sweeney.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
It was the third of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1920s, which made them joint "team of the decade" with Dublin who also won three.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1929 was the 43rd series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Cork won the championship, beating Galway 4-9 to 1-3 in the final.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Quarter-finals: (2 matches) These were two single matches between the first four teams drawn from the province of Leinster. Two teams were eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advanced to the semi-finals.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the two quarter-finals joined the two remaining Leinster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams were eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advanced to the final.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contested this game. One team was eliminated at this stage while the winning team advanced to the All-Ireland semi-final.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Quarter-final: (1 match) This was a lone match between the first two teams drawn from the province of Munster. One team was eliminated at this stage while the winning team advanced to the semi-finals.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winner of the lone quarter-final joined the three remaining Munster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams were eliminated at this stage while the two winning teams advanced to the final.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contested this game. One team was eliminated at this stage while the winning team advanced to the All-Ireland final.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Semi-final: (1 match) The winners of the Leinster championship were drawn to play Galway, who received a bye to this stage of the championship. One team was eliminated at this stage while the winning team advanced to the final.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Format
Final: (1 match) The winners of the lone semi-final and the Munster champions contested this game with the winners being declared All-Ireland champions.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Results, Leinster Senior Hurling Championship
The Leinster Council declare the Leinster final void after the game started twenty minutes late due to the late arrival of some Kilkenny players. The referee declared Kilkenny the 3-5 to 2-6 winners over Dublin, however, this result was not allowed to stand. The possibility of a replay was ruled out by the Leinster Council as it would establish a dangerous precedent. A proposal that Dublin represent Leinster in the All-Ireland series was defeated by a single vote in favour of Kilkenny.


1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
The 1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 42nd All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1929 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 1 September 1929, between Cork and Galway. The Connacht men lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 4-9 to 1-3.


1929 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1929 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1929 college football season. The organizations selecting teams in 1934 included the Associated Press (AP), the Newspaper Enterprise Association, and the United Press (UP).


1929 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key
NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association, "compiled from selections by sports writers of NEA client newspapers"


1929 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by at least two of the AP, NEA and UP


1929 All-Pro Team
The 1929 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1929 NFL season. Teams were selected by, among others, the Green Bay Press-Gazette (GB), based on the return of 16 ballots sent to the team owners, managers, and sports writers of clubs in the NFL, Collyer's Eye magazine (CE), and the Chicago Tribune (CT).


1929 All-Southwest Conference football team
The 1929 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1929 college football season. The selectors for the 1929 season included the Associated Press (AP).


1929 Allan Cup
The 1929 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1928-29 Senior season.


1929 Allan Cup, Final
Port Arthur beat Montreal St. Francois Xavier 2-0, 1 tie, on series.


1929 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team
The 1929 Appalachian State Mountaineers football team represented Appalachian State Teachers College—now known as Appalachian State University—in the 1929 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach C. B. Johnston and played their home games at College Field in Boone, North Carolina.


1929 Argentine Primera División
The 1929 Argentine Primera División was the 38th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on July 21, 1929, and ended on February 9, 1930. This season saw the 35 teams of Primera, divided into two groups. The top 2 of each group qualified for the final stages of the tournament, which was eventually won by Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP).


1929 Argentine Primera División
The season was marred by mass abandonment of games, defending Argentine champion Huracán withdrew from 8 of its fixtures leaving them to finish in 14th place in the group. Several other teams withdrew from multiple games. Abandonments of games, discontinuations, and withdrawals were quite common in these early seasons (cf., for instance, the second half of the 1930 season ).


1929 Argentine Primera División
Colegiales returned to the first division after winning the Primera B championship last year.


1929 Argentine Primera División, Group B
As Boca Juniors and San Lorenzo finished level on points, they needed a playoff to decide which team went to the final and which to the 3rd/4th place playoff.


1929 Arizona State Bulldogs football team
The 1929 Arizona State Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State Teachers College (later renamed Arizona State University) as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In their seventh and final season under head coach Aaron McCreary, the Bulldogs compiled a 0–6 record, were shut out in four of six games, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 143 to 13. Dick Finley was the team captain.


1929 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team
The 1929 Arizona State–Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State Teachers College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In their third year under head coach Rudy Lavik, the Lumberjacks compiled a 5–0 record, shut out three of five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 129 to 13.


1929 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1929 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona as an independent during the 1929 college football season. In their fifteenth season under head coach Pop McKale, the Wildcats compiled a 7–1 record and outscored their opponents 182 to 22, with six shutouts. The team captain was Wendell P. Acuff.


1929 Arizona Wildcats football team
The 1929 team was the first to play at the new Arizona Stadium in Tucson; the first game was a 35–0 victory over Caltech on October 12. The team also participated in the first night game played at the Rose Bowl, a 16–7 victory over Occidental in the season opener on Friday, September 27.


1929 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
The 1929 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1929 college football season. In their first year under head coach Fred Thomsen, the Razorbacks compiled a 7–2 record (3–2 against SWC opponents), finished in sixth place in the SWC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 230 to 93.


1929 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
College Football Hall of Famer Wear Schoonover intercepted an Arkansas record five passes against Texas A&M.


1929 Army Cadets football team
The 1929 Army Cadets football  represented the United States Military Academy in the 1929 college football season. Led by head coach Biff Jones, the team finished with a record of two wins and nine losses. The Cadets offense scored 276 points, while the defense allowed 132 points. The club started the season with three wins and one tie but finished with a 6–4–1 record.


1929 Army Cadets football team
The 1929 game between Army and Notre Dame had the highest attendance in the series at 79,408.


1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake
The 1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake occurred at 10:50 pm NZMT on 9 March. The sparsely settled region around Arthur's Pass of the Southern Alps shook for four minutes. Tremors continued almost continuously until midnight and sporadic strong aftershocks were felt for several days.


1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake
The earthquake was measured at 7.1 on the Richter magnitude scale and the intensity of shaking in the epicentral region has been assessed from historical records as VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli Scale. Intensities of VI (Strong) were observed in Christchurch and Westport. The earthquake occurred on the Poulter Fault, which was not identified and mapped until 2001.


1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake, Tectonic setting
New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates. In the South Island most of the relative displacement between these plates is taken up along a single dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault with a major reverse component, the Alpine Fault. In the North Island the displacement is mainly taken up along the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone, although the remaining dextral strike-slip component is accommodated by the North Island Fault System. The Poulter Fault runs for approximately 50 km Northeast from the junction of the Bealey and Mahinga rivers to the valley of the Hurunui River. Between 16 km and 36 km of the fault ruptured, with dextral displacement of up to 4 metres and dip-slip displacement of 1–2 metres (North side up).


1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake, Effects
Numerous landslides were triggered, damaging the Midland Railway and blocking roads. The highway connecting Canterbury and the West Coast via Arthur's Pass was closed for several months. Many water tanks and chimneys were damaged or toppled. Two years after the earthquake, trampers in the Otahake Valley discovered that a 900m high section of the side of a mountain had collapsed, blocking the valley and sending debris 5 km downstream.


1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake, Effects
Although (as of 2009) this is one of the ten largest land-based earthquakes to strike New Zealand since European settlement, it was overshadowed by the more deadly 1929 Murchison earthquake a few months later.


1929 Ashfield state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Ashfield on 5 October 1929 because of the resignation of Milton Jarvie (Nationalist).


1929 Ashfield state by-election
Sir Colin Davidson, a Judge of the Supreme Court, was appointed to conduct a Royal Commission to investigate whether there were attempts at bribery with an application for a Campsie bus service. On 7 June 1929 the Royal Commission reported its findings, including that Jarvie had attempted to bribe Albert Bruntnell who was the Chief Secretary. Jarvie was charged with criminal offences, however on 1 July 1929 he was found not guilty. Jarvie nonetheless resigned so that the electors of Ashfield could return him with an overwhelming majority.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1929 Atlantic hurricane season was among the least active hurricane seasons in the Atlantic on record – featuring only five tropical cyclones. Of these five tropical systems, three of them intensified into a hurricane, with one strengthening further into a major hurricane (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale). The first tropical cyclone of the season developed in the Gulf of Mexico on June 27. Becoming a hurricane on June 28, the storm struck Texas, bringing strong winds to a large area. Three fatalities were reported, while damage was conservatively estimated at $675,000 (1929 USD).


1929 Atlantic hurricane season
The second storm, nicknamed the Bahamas hurricane, developed north of the Lesser Antilles. It was the most intense tropical cyclone of the season, peaking as a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale with maximum sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 924 mbar (27.3 inHg). The storm moved through the Bahamas at this intensity and later struck Florida while slightly weaker. Overall, this hurricane resulted in 59 deaths and at least $9.31 million in damage. The next three tropical cyclones did not impact land, with the last transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on October 22. Until the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project researched the season in 2010, the final two systems were considered the same tropical cyclone.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season
The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 48, below the 1921–1930 average of 76.6.ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
After barometric pressures in the western Gulf of Mexico had been low for several days, the steamship Chester O. Swain encountered a disturbance of "probably moderate intensity" offshore Texas on June 28. A tropical storm developed in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico on the previous day. The storm was abnormally small, having a diameter of only about 20 mi (32 km). It moderately intensified and by early on June 28, the storm became a hurricane. While offshore Texas, the hurricane peaked with winds of 90 mph (150 km/h).


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
Shortly after making landfall near Matagorda Bay, a minimum barometric pressure of 982 mbar (29.0 inHg) was reported. The storm then accelerated westward across the Southwestern United States and weakened to a tropical storm early on June 29. However, it was still of "considerable intensity" while passing near El Paso about 24 hours later. Thus, the system was thought to have remained a tropical storm until early on June 30. Several hours later, the storm dissipated over Arizona.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane One
The storm brought hurricane-force winds to portions of Texas, including as far inland as Yorktown in DeWitt County. Additionally, a 60 to 80 mi (95 to 130 km) path observed gale force winds as far from the coast as Bexar, Kendall, Kerr, and Medina counties. Wind impacts were significant, with a "conservative" estimate of $310,000 in damage inflicted on crops, while buildings, windmills, power, telephone, and telegraph lines suffered about $365,000 in damage. There were three deaths in Wharton County, as well as several injuries. Outside of the area of wind damage, rainfall was considered "highly beneficial" to crops and range.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
The second storm of the season originated from a tropical wave that developed in the vicinity of Cape Verde on September 11. The wave became a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on September 19, while located about 300 mi (480 km) north-northeast of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands. The depression drifted just north of due west while strengthening slowly, becoming a tropical storm early on September 22. Later that day, the storm curved northwestward. Around midday on September 23, it intensified into a hurricane. While turning southwestward on the following day, the hurricane began to undergo rapid deepening. Late on September 25, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km/h), an estimate based on pressure-wind relationship, with a minimum barometric pressure of 924 mbar (27.3 inHg).


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
While crossing through the Bahamas, the storm struck Eleuthera and Andros, on September 25 and September 26, respectively. Late on September 27, the system weakened to a Category 3 hurricane and re-curved northwestward. At 13:00 UTC the next day, the hurricane made landfall near Tavernier, Florida. The storm then entered the Gulf of Mexico and continued weakening, falling to Category 2 intensity late on September 28. While approaching the Gulf Coast of the United States, the hurricane weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 1, it made landfall near Panama City Beach, Florida. A few hours later, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm and then became extratropical over southwestern Georgia shortly thereafter. The remnants continued northeastward up the East Coast of the United States, until entering Canada and dissipating over Quebec early on October 5.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
In the Bahamas, the hurricane brought strong winds and large waves to the archipelago. At Nassau, a weather station observed a wind gust of 164 mph (264 km/h). Within the city alone, 456 houses were destroyed, while an additional 640 houses suffered damage. On Abaco Islands, 19 homes were demolished. The hurricane damaged or destroyed 63 homes and buildings on Andros. Telegraph service was disrupted. There were 48 deaths in the Bahamas. Throughout the Bahamas and the Florida Keys, numerous boats and vessels were ruined or damaged.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two
At the latter, strong winds were observed, with a gust up to 150 mph (240 km/h) in Key Largo. However, damage there was limited to swamped fishing boats and temporary loss of electricity and communications. Farther north, heavy rains flooded low-lying areas of Miami. A devastating tornado in Fort Lauderdale damaged a four story hotel, a railway office building, and several cottages. In the Florida Panhandle, storm surge destroyed several wharves and damaged most of the oyster and fishing warehouses and canning plants. Overall, there was approximately $2.36 million in damage and three deaths in Florida; eight others drowned offshore.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three
Historical weather maps indicate that a low pressure area was embedded within a west to east oriented stationary front over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean on September 24. The low quickly detached from the stationary front and acquired a closed circulation while tracking across sea surface temperatures of 80 °F (27 °C). Early on September 25, a tropical depression formed just west of Bermuda and strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. Around 02:00 UTC on September 26, a ship observed a barometric pressure of 1,002 mbar (29.6 inHg) – the lowest while the storm was tropical.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three
Four hours later, sustained winds peaked at 60 mph (95 km/h). The storm eventually curved northward, before becoming extratropical at 06:00 UTC on September 27, while located about 240 mi (390 km) south-southeast of Nantucket, Massachusetts. The extratropical remnants accelerated northeastward and then east-northeastward, before dissipating east-southeast of Newfoundland on September 29.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four
Early on October 15, a low pressure area developed into a tropical storm, while located about 625 mi (1,005 km) southwest of Flores Island in the Azores. The storm moved west-southwestward and slowly strengthened. At 12:00 UTC on October 17, the system peaked with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 999 mbar (29.5 inHg); the latter was observed by a few ships. Early on October 18, it curved northwestward and began to accelerate. Late the next day, the storm became extratropical, while located about 535 mi (860 km) south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The extratropical remnants of the storm continued northeastward, until dissipating well southeast of Newfoundland on October 20.


1929 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Five
A trough extending southward from the previous system developed into a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on October 19, while located about 890 mi (1,430 km) east-southeast of Bermuda. Moving eastward, the depression intensified into a tropical storm early the next day. Later on October 20, it curved northeastward and accelerated. The storm intensified into a hurricane at 12:00 UTC on October 21. Strengthening further, the hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 997 mbar (29.4 inHg). At 06:00 UTC on October 22, the hurricane became extratropical, while situated about 665 mi (1,070 km) south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. The remnants moved north-northwestward and dissipated early on October 23.


1929 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1929 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1929 college football season.


1929 Auckland City mayoral election
The 1929 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1929, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season
The 1929 Auckland Rugby League season was its 20th. One of the key events of the season was the tour of the South Sydney side.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season
The First Grade Championship was won by Ponsonby who defeated Devonport in the final 5–0. Marist won the Thistle Cup for competition points accrued during the second round of matches where they went undefeated. They also won the Roope Rooster trophy after defeating Ponsonby in the final 17–9. They weren't finished yet, defeating the same opponent to win the Stormont Shield 28–14. This was the second consecutive year that they won both of those trophies.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season
Richmond entered a team into the B Grade which was arguably the first ever 'reserve grade' team in Auckland club rugby league. The B Grade competition was won by Point Chevalier who defeated Otahuhu in the final 13 points to 10. This earned Point Chevalier the right to playoff with Ellerslie who had come last in the A Grade championship losing all 14 of their matches. Ellerslie won the match by 5 points to 0 to remain in A Grade for 1930. Otahuhu beat Point Chevalier 11–0 to win the Stallard Cup which had previously been a knockout competition for the B Grade, however this season a full round robin was played before the final.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Auckland Rugby League management
The annual report for the completed 1928 season revealed that £3272 was taken in gate receipts from club matches alone at Carlaw Park. The total from all matches was £4573 with £517 paid to injured players. A further £609 1s 3d was spent on maintenance and improvement at Carlaw Park. Clubs were also granted £326 18s 5d and charitable causes received £142 10s 4d. League assets including Carlaw Park were reported as £10,569 16s 4d, with a consolidated fund of £9810 11s 9d.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Auckland Rugby League management
It was stated prior to the season that Auckland Rugby League would be concentrating much more on the club game and that no representative games would be played during it. This was in response to the 1928 season where a large representative program had been played along with the hosting of the touring England team. The Senior B competition was weakened considerably after the Kingsland team amalgamated with Grafton Athletic and moved up into the A Grade. The Senior B league was also ‘lowered in status’ with several of the stronger players moving into A grade sides.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Auckland Rugby League management
On 23 April The New Zealand Herald published a lengthy summary of rugby league in Auckland from its beginnings in 1909 to the present day (1929).


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Auckland Rugby League management
The Otahuhu Trotting Club wrote to the Auckland Rugby League advising them that the league could make use of two playing grounds on its property on Tennessee Avenue in Mangere East.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, New clubs and mergers
On 2 April a new club was formed in Papatoetoe after a meeting was held in their town hall. It was decided to field three junior teams. This was not the Papatoetoe Panthers club which was formed at a much later date.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, New clubs and mergers
At a meeting of the Grafton Athletic and Kingsland Rovers League Football Clubs it was decided to amalgamate and become known as Kingsland Athletic. The meeting was attended by 80 members. They decided that their colours would be a maroon jersey with a blue and gold shield. They requested to be placed in the Senior A Grade. A lengthy discussion was held at a management committee meeting before they agreed to accept the team in the A Grade. This made the number of teams in the grade 8. Their senior team was coached by former New Zealand captain Bert Avery who had been a playing member of Maritime/Grafton Athletic.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Rule changes
A rule change brought in for the beginning of the season was to make each half 40 minutes in length rather than 45 minutes. Another rule change occurred prior to round 5 with alterations to the play-the-ball rule. The idea was the prevent players from playing the ball to the side. Players had been allowed to turn their body and pass the ball from the foot to their own team. “On occasions the ball travelled but a few feet, which invariably resulted in players of both teams fighting for possessions on the ground.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Rule changes
It must be said that too much of the game is wasted with players lying on the ball. Now it is necessary to play the ball, forwards or backwards, past the opposing player. Should it be kicked to the side, all players must stand outside the five yards limit before the ball can be handled by them”.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Player losses
An ongoing issue for club league in Auckland, and indeed New Zealand were the continuing losses of top players to English clubs. Over three seasons nine players left to join professional English sides. Wigan signed Lou Brown, Ben Davidson and Len Mason, while Wilson Hall played for Leeds, and Roy Hardgrave, Trevor Hall, and Lou Hutt all joined St. Helens. T. Hanlon of the Richmond club signed for Broughton Rangers club late in the season.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Improvements to Carlaw Park
After a series of very wet matches played at Carlaw Park and many requests for improved changing and washing conditions the Auckland Rugby League met to discuss the matter. They planned to “increase the showers and add hot water installations”. The Devonport delegate said “his club now shared the expense of a bus, and the team went to the Tepid Baths after each match. Another delegate said that hot water provision was required for curtain-raiser and other teams, which did not desire to leave the ground”. The league decided to begin with the work and complete it by Saturday week.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Improvements to Carlaw Park
On 9 October the Management Committee met regarding the improvement of accommodation at Carlaw Park. Chairman Mr. George Rhodes said that an extra stand with dressing rooms would cost £12,000 which was money that the league did not have. The existing stand was taken up with 800 vice-presidents who gained free entry and so there was little revenue to be gained by adding to this area. He did however say that they were “keen to assist players in providing better dressing rooms and offices where the League could centralise its business.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, South Sydney tour
South Sydney became the first ever Australian club to tour New Zealand. They played three matches. Two were played against Marist Old Boys at Carlaw Park on consecutive Saturdays and a midweek game was played against Huntly in Huntly. They were defeated in the first match 10–9, before winning the return match 25–5.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Obituaries, Leonard Neild
Leonard Neild who had refereed club and representative matches in Auckland for many years in the 1910s and 20s was killed in a car accident in Otorohanga on September 2. He also refereed test matches between New Zealand and England in 1920 and 1924. He was living in Ponsonby at the time of his death.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Season news and summary, Obituaries, Albert Ernest Powell
Albert Ernest Powell died on October 1 as a result of suicide. Powell had been joint manager of the New Zealand team which toured Australia in 1911, and was manager of the side again in 1919 which played Australia. He was the Auckland selector for many years up until 1926 and was made a life member at this point. He was also the time-keeper and press steward at Carlaw Park. Powell had served in the Boer War and World War 1. At the time of his death he was working as a mechanic for the Post and Telegraph Department. It was said that he had not shown any signs of depression but had been suffering from insomnia for quite some time. He left behind a widow, a daughter and 2 sons.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship)
The Round 6 match between Richmond and Kingsland was postponed as Richmond had travelled to Hikurangi to play against the local team which was in its second season.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures
During the season Craddock Dufty who had starred for Auckland and New Zealand for several seasons fell out with the Newton club and asked for a transfer to Ellerslie. The Management Committee eventually granted the transfer.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 1
In the match between Newton and Marist Roy Hardgrave was concussed and had to leave the field. G Rhodes was also concussed later in the match and was taken to the hospital. For City in their match with Kingsland McLaughlin broke his nose and had to leave for treatment.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 5
The Devonport win over Richmond was their 100th first grade win in their 20th consecutive year in first grade. To this point they had a 100 win, 12 draw, and 85 loss record.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 6
Alan Clarke was sent off in the Marist v City game for questioning the referee.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 7
In the match between Marist and Devonport both E Ruby and Campney were sent off for fighting late in the match. For Newton Craddock Dufty refused to play in protest against the non-selection of Wally Somers. As a result Newton cancelled his registration with the club. Somers also decided to retire at this point though he ultimately joined the Ellerslie team for the 1930 season. Dufty then signed with Ellerslie where he had moved to earlier in the year. Cook was sent off in Ellerslie’s match for arguing with a referring decision.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 12
W Shortland, an ex-Maori All Black transferred to City and made his debut for them. He had previously represented North Auckland at the halfback position. Shortland was said to have played a “sterling game, demonstrating that the thirteen-a-side code suited his particular type of play”. P Skelton also transferred from rugby where he had been playing five eighth for the Grammar Old Boys club. He joined the Ponsonby side and scored a try on debut and also set up their second try for W Skelton (no relation).


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 12
Their match was originally scheduled to be played on the number one field as a curtain-raiser but was transferred to the number two field as the former was in a poor condition however the number two ground “soon became a sea of mud”. The Marist and Ellerslie match at the Auckland Domain was postponed as the field was deemed unfit for play. The condition of Carlaw Park was so bad that it was discussed at the management committee meeting later in the week and it was decided that conditions needed to be improved for players immediately.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 13
R.D. Revell transferred from Ponsonby to Kingsland during the week.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Round 14
T Hanlon of the Richmond senior side was signed by Broughton Rangers in England. He was due to depart on the Ruahine on August 21.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Monteith Shield fixtures, Postponed round 6 match
The Round 6 match which was postponed saw Richmond default to Kingsland.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Roope Rooster knockout competition
Marist won the Roope Rooster for the second consecutive year after defeating Ponsonby 17–9 in the final.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Roope Rooster knockout competition, Round 1
A Berridge joined Richmond after transferring from rugby where he had been an Auckland representative player. He kicked 4 penalties on debut against Devonport in a 17–12 victory. In the match between Ponsonby and Newton, White (the Ponsonby fullback) had to leave the field with a broken collarbone early in the second half. Hammond then left the field with an injured neck and Kenneth Peckham followed him soon after, also injured.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Stormont Memorial Shield
Frank Delgrosso went off in the second half with an injured knee.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Top try scorers and point scorers
Top try and point scorers for A Division and Roope Rooster matches. Frank Delgrosso became just the second player in the competition's history to pass the 100 point mark for matches played in the Monteith Shield (for the first grade competition) and the Roope Rooster when he scored 108 for Ponsonby. The only previous player to do it was Bill Davidson who scored 117 points in 1922.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Monteith Shield (first grade championship), Top try scorers and point scorers
By this point Delgrosso had scored 532 points in total for Ponsonby across all senior matches from 1919 to 1929 which was the most of any player who had played in Auckland to this point. Craddock Dufty was on 495 points however with both players still active they would continue to add to their tallies. Phil Brady of Marist was the top try scorer with 13 closely followed by Schofield of Ponsonby who scored 12.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, B grade standings and results
The Round 5 match between Northcote and Mangere resulted in a win to the former team but the actual score was not stated. The standings include the final played between Otahuhu and Point Chevalier, won by the latter by 13 points to 10.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, B grade standings and results, Senior B grade fixtures
In the first round of the season Mangere began their match with Otahuhu with just ten players, though had reached thirteen near halftime. It was the first time league had been played on the newly acquired Mangere Domain.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, B grade standings and results, Senior B grade fixtures
On 8 May at the Management Committee meeting Northcote requested that the opening round match in the Senior B competition be awarded to them on account of Richmond B defaulting. However the league said that the match would be replayed at the end of the season if it would affect the outcome of the competition.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, B grade standings and results, Senior B grade fixtures
The Round 8 match between Otahuhu and Point Chevalier was held at Papatoetoe which was the first senior match played in the area. Around 1,000 spectators turned up to watch the match. Otahuhu won a close fought match 10–6.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, B grade standings and results, Senior B grade fixtures
After Round 10 was completed the Auckland Rugby League decided that the match between Point Chevalier and Otahuhu would decide the championship. The match was played on Carlaw Park and saw Point Chevalier win by 13 points to 10.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, B grade standings and results, Senior A/Senior B promotion-relegation match
Ellerslie had come last in the A Grade for the second year in a row. Though unlike the previous season where they had won 3 matches in 1929 they were winless after battling injuries and the loss of players. However they managed to defeat Point Chevalier, who had won the B Grade by 5 points to 0 and thus remain in the A Grade for the 1930 season.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Lower grades and exhibition games, Lower grades
Grades were made of the following teams with the winning team in bold:


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season
The selectors for the season were the same as last year, Edwin V. Fox, Ernie Asher, and Bert Avery. The Auckland team played three matches and defended the Northern Union Challenge Cup against South Auckland, Northland, and Canterbury. Auckland played three matches between July 27 and August 24, all for the Northern Union Challenge Cup. They saw them defeat South Auckland in a hard-fought 11–8 result, the newly formed Northland representative team by a narrow 22–19 margin, and Canterbury comfortably by 47 points to 18. The representative season was finished with a match between the North Island and South Island won by the latter 22 to 13. Unlike in previous years the North Island team featured several players from outside of Auckland, mainly from the Waikato region.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Representative fixtures, Auckland v South Auckland (Northern Union Cup)
W Shortland had been named to play for Auckland but was left out of the side at the last minute as he was not eligible to play. The reason being that he had only recently switched codes and had not played 3 matches yet for his club. Huatahi Paki broke his ribs during the match. Lindsay Simons, who was on debut for Auckland at fullback went off injured with Frank Delgrosso moving there and Ted Mincham coming on in his Auckland debut.


1929 Auckland Rugby League season, Representative season, Representative fixtures, Inter island match
Len Scott was injured during the match and replaced by Allan Seagar for the North Island while for the South Island Sanders was injured and replaced by Doogan. In past years the North Island team was dominated by players from the Auckland competition however the North Island team on this occasion featured players from outside Auckland such as Ted Meyer, Dick Trautvetter, Bob Stephenson, Joe Menzies, Tom Timms, and T Bergan.


1929 Australian Championships
The 1929 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 19 January to 28 January. It was the 22nd edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 4th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by British Colin Gregory and Australian Daphne Akhurst.


1929 Australian Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles
Jack Crawford /  Harry Hopman defeated  Jack Cummings /  Gar Moon 6–1, 6–8, 4–6, 6–1, 6–3


1929 Australian Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles
Daphne Akhurst /  Louie Bickerton defeated  Sylvia Harper /  Meryl O'Hara Wood 6–2, 3–6, 6–2


1929 Australian Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles
Daphne Akhurst /  Gar Moon defeated  Marjorie Cox /  Jack Crawford 6–0, 7–5


1929 Australian Championships – Men's Doubles
The first-seeds Jack Crawford and Harry Hopman defeated Jack Cummings and Gar Moon 6–1, 6–8, 4–6, 6–1, 6–3 in the final, to win the Men's Doubles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.


1929 Australian Championships – Men's Singles
Colin Gregory defeated Bob Schlesinger 6–2, 6–2, 5–7, 6–4 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.


1929 Australian Championships – Men's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Colin Gregory is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1929 Australian Championships – Mixed Doubles
The fourth-seeded Daphne Akhurst and Gar Moon defeated the first seeds Marjorie Cox and Jack Crawford 6–0, 7–5 in the final, to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.


1929 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
First-seeded Daphne Akhurst and Louie Bickerton defeated the second seeds Sylvia Harper and Meryl O'Hara Wood 6–2, 3–6, 6–2 in the final, to win the Women's Doubles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.


1929 Australian Championships – Women's Doubles
Miss Akhurst completed her third and last Triple Crown, having won Women's Singles title earlier that day and Mixed Doubles final the day before.


1929 Australian Championships – Women's Singles
First-seeded Daphne Akhurst defeated Louie Bickerton 6–1, 5–7, 6–2, in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1929 Australian Championships.


1929 Australian Championships – Women's Singles, Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Daphne Akhurst is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.


1929 Australian Grand Prix
The 1929 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 18 March 1929. The race, which was organised by the Victorian Light Car Club, had 27 entries and 22 starters. It is recognised by the Motorsport Australia as the second Australian Grand Prix.


1929 Australian Grand Prix
The race was won by Arthur Terdich driving a Bugatti Type 37A.


1929 Australian Grand Prix, Race format
Class B cars started the race first followed by the Class A entries thirty seconds later. Class C cars started next, the first group four minutes after the Class A cars and the remainder thirty seconds after that. The Class D cars were the last to start, thirty seconds after the Class C cars.


1929 Australian Grand Prix, Race format
The winner of the Grand Prix was to be the entry, irrespective of class, which made the fastest time for the race.


1929 Australian federal election
The 1929 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 12 October 1929. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election, but there was no Senate election. The election was caused by the defeat of the Stanley Bruce-Earle Page Government in the House of Representatives over the Maritime Industries Bill, Bruce having declared that the vote on the bill would constitute a vote of confidence in his government.


1929 Australian federal election
With senators having fixed six-year terms, the terms of those senators elected in 1926 were not due to expire until 1932. Under the Constitution of Australia, no election for their replacement could occur more than a year prior to their terms expiring, except in the case of a double dissolution. Since the constitutional conditions for a double dissolution did not exist, it was not possible to hold a half-Senate election in 1929. This was the first Commonwealth election for the House of Representatives alone.


1929 Australian federal election
In the election, the incumbent Nationalist-Country Coalition, led by Bruce and Page, was defeated in a landslide by the opposition Labor Party under James Scullin. Labor ended 13 years in opposition, having lost government two years after winning its last election victory in 1914.


1929 Australian federal election
Labor won what was then its largest-ever majority in the House, but held only a minority of Senate seats as a result of the House-only election. The Nationalists had been in power since 1917, and in Coalition with the Country Party since 1923.his was the first and only time the Nationalists would lose; as it turned out, it would be the last election that the Nationalists would contest.


1929 Australian federal election
It was the only federal election in Australia's history at which no sitting members retired. It also saw the defeat of Prime Minister Stanley Bruce in his own seat of Flinders; the first time that a serving prime minister had lost his own seat at an election. That would not occur again until 2007, when John Howard lost his seat.


1929 Australian federal election
Future Prime Minister Joseph Lyons entered parliament at this election.


1929 Australian federal election
Although a non-Labor government was in office between 1932 and 1941, the 1929 election marked the last time that a non-Labor government was voted out of office until 1972.


1929 Australian federal election, Background
Conflict over industrial relations had dominated Stanley Bruce's government in 1929. Strikes and unrest in Newcastle and Hunter Region coalfields were the most widespread and severe, but disturbances within the waterfront, sugar, transport and timber industries were also ongoing. Throughout 1928 and 1929 economic conditions in Australia and internationally had been declining, whilst Australian debt had grown and revenues had shrunk. Facing major challenges, Bruce had embarked upon extensive negotiations throughout 1929 to tighten federal control over finance and industrial relations and to implement ameliorating policies in concert with the states. Instead, the Nationalist premiers met separately and demanded that Bruce return control of industrial arbitration to the individual states.


1929 Australian federal election, Background
In August these issues came to a head. On 14 August, a motion of no-confidence was moved by Labor in response to Bruce's decision earlier in the year to drop prosecution of mine-owner John Brown for his part in the coalmine lock-outs in the Hunter Valley. The motion was defeated, but Billy Hughes and Edward Mann crossed the floor on the motion. Bruce subsequently excluded them from participating in party meetings. Bruce then introduced the Maritime Industries Bill, which would abolish the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration and make arbitration the exclusive domain of the states. In concert, Earle Page brought down his seventh and most stringent budget, which introduced new taxes and spending cuts in an attempt to fight the ballooning deficit. Both moves were highly controversial.


1929 Australian federal election, Background
Hughes and Mann joined the opposition in denouncing the bill, and were joined by rebelling Nationalist George Maxwell and independent Percy Stewart. At the second reading of the bill in September, it was apparent that it would narrowly pass. However, when the bill entered the committee stage, Hughes moved an amendment that the bill should not be proclaimed until submitted to the people, either by referendum or general election. Attorney-General John Latham noted that the Commonwealth had no power to call a referendum, making general election the only constitutionally valid result of the amendment.


1929 Australian federal election, Background
Bruce agreed, stating that the amendment would constitute a vote of confidence in his government. The amendment had the support of the opposition, as well as the three Nationalist defectors. Independents Stewart and William McWilliams also indicated their support. The critical vote came down to Nationalist Walter Marks, who was known to be a supporter of the bill but unhappy with the government's handling of the movie industry, of which he was an ardent supporter. The new budget's "amusement tax" (which would harm film exhibitors) appeared to be the last straw, and Marks joined to defectors to vote for the amendment.


1929 Australian federal election, Background
With the vote now likely 35-34 in favor of the amendment, the Government was faced with a dilemma. The Chairman of Committees, Nationalist James Bayley, could not cast a deliberative vote in committee, only a casting vote if the numbers were tied. However, it was possible for the Speaker, Nationalist Sir Littleton Groom, to cast a deliberative vote in the committee (though not on the floor of the House, where the Speaker has only a casting vote). Bruce implored Groom to vote against the amendment in committee so that Bayley could defeat the measure with his tie-breaking vote.


1929 Australian federal election, Background
However, Groom was steadfast that he would follow the British House of Commons (though not Australian) precedent that the Speaker remain impartial and not vote in committee. There was also some suspicion of vengeance in his decision, as Groom had been demoted from Attorney-General to Speaker a few years previously, a move he had reputedly been unhappy about. With Groom abstaining, the amendment passed by one vote as predicted. Treating the passage of the amendment as a defeat in a motion of no-confidence, Bruce announced to the House on 12 September that the Governor-General had accepted his advice to call an election, despite some speculation a government led by John Latham, James Scullin, or Billy Hughes might be attempted.


1929 Australian timber workers' strike
The 1929 Timber Workers strike was a labour dispute in Australia caused by Justice Lukin of the Arbitration Court handing down an industrial award decision on 23 December 1928 to reduce the wages and increase the hours for 20,000 timber workers from a 44-hour week to a 48-hour week. It was the first strike in Australia after the onset of the Great Depression.


1929 Australian timber workers' strike
An initial response by workers at mass meetings on 3 January in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide was to refuse to work the four hours extra stipulated by the Lukin award. This then precipitated the employers applying to the court that a strike existed. The penalties of the Arbitration Amendment Act, enacted in 1928, were then invoked. The urban nature of timber mills meant that industrial action was concentrated around the working class areas of the affected cities, notably Glebe in Sydney. The dispute widened with carters and crane drivers striking in solidarity. A special conference of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) on 7 February 1929 agreed to extend the strike to a general movement; to boycott the Federal Industrial Court; and for the conduct of the strike to be managed by the ACTU Disputes Committee.


1929 Australian timber workers' strike
On 25 February, Justice Lukin ordered a secret ballot of the timber workers in Victoria and New South Wales. This was the first attempt to enforce a secret ballot in an industrial dispute. On 1 March Lukin imposed a fine of 1000 on the Timber Workers Union, followed by a fine of 50 on Jack Holloway, Secretary of Melbourne Trades Hall Council. A protest meeting outside the Sydney Trades Hall on 25 March was attended by 25,000 trade unionists. At this meeting 3000 strikers publicly burnt their ballot papers. The crowd then marched to Hyde Park where an effigy of Justice Lukin was burnt.


1929 Australian timber workers' strike
The secret ballot was largely boycotted by the workers. When the votes that were cast were counted they were 5000 to 7000 against acceptance of the award in New South Wales and Victoria.


1929 Australian timber workers' strike
Women's involvement in trade unions and their direct participation in industrial action has been the subject of growing interest for labour historians and industrial relations scholars. Some research has also concentrated on women's indirect participation to paid work. However just as this field of investigation has made inroads into the study of labour history, some have advised a return to 'traditional' concerns of institutional labour history. The following article takes up this debate through an investigation of the 1929 strike in the timber industry.


1929 Australian timber workers' strike
It suggests that hitherto unexplored aspects of mobilisation may be more fully appreciated by analysing those closely associated with strikers and their unions. Specifically it emphasises the role of community and gender relations. Women played a particularly active role in the dispute holding weekly meetings, attending picket lines and collecting money. Several women were prosecuted and sent to gaol for collecting money for the strikers. There was considerable community and union support mobilised for the strikers, which enabled them to survive on strike for so long.


1929 Australian timber workers' strike
After five months the strike came to an end on 24 June on the basis of a 48-hour week, but with an independent inquiry to be appointed into the financial condition of the industry. At the end of July seven union leaders, including Jock Garden, the Secretary of the Trades and Labor Council; John Culbert, the Secretary of the Timber Workers Union; and the Chairman of the ACTU Disputes Committee were charged with "unlawful conspiracy by violence and threats of violence" to prevent timber workers from working. A jury subsequently acquitted all those charged.


1929 BYU Cougars football team
The 1929 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1929 college football season. In their second season under head coach G. Ott Romney, the Cougars compiled a 5–3 record (4–2 against RMC opponents), finished fourth in the RMC, and outscored opponents by a total of 140 to 115.


1929 Baden state election
The 1929 Baden state election was held on 27 October 1929 to elect the 88 members of the Landtag of the Republic of Baden.


1929 Bahamas hurricane
The 1929 Bahamas hurricane (also known as the Great Andros Island Hurricane) was a high-end Category 4 tropical cyclone whose intensity and slow forward speed led to catastrophic damage in the Bahamas in September 1929, particularly on Andros and New Providence islands. Its erratic path and a lack of nearby weather observations made the hurricane difficult to locate and forecast. The storm later made two landfalls in Florida, killing eleven but causing comparatively light damage. Moisture from the storm led to extensive flooding over the Southeastern United States, particularly along the Savannah River. Across its path from the Bahamas to the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, the hurricane killed 155 people.


1929 Bahamas hurricane
The storm's origins can be traced to tropical wave first noted near the Cabo Verde Islands on September 11, 1929. This tropical disturbance remained dormant as it tracked west until September 18, when an associated area of thunderstorms developed into a tropical depression northeast of Puerto Rico. Gradually strengthening, the depression reached tropical storm strength on September 22 and hurricane strength on September 23. Beginning on September 24, the storm took a slow and southwestward path through the Bahamas, passing over Nassau and Andros Island between September 25–26 with maximum sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h).


1929 Bahamas hurricane
This southwestward trajectory was unprecedented for the islands. The storm then curved west and struck the Florida Keys at Key Largo on September 28 with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). Two days later, the cyclone moved ashore Apalachicola, Florida, as a minimal hurricane shortly before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. This system tracked northeast along the interior of the East Coast of the United States before dissipating near the Saint Lawrence River on October 4.


1929 Bahamas hurricane
Poorly-built structures and ships were destroyed throughout the Bahamas. Andros Island was within the envelope of the storm's hurricane-force winds and storm surge for two days. Parts of the island were inundated by a 12 ft (3.7 m) surge that advanced 20 mi (32 km) inland, wiping out all crops and most fruit trees and livestock. A wind gust of 164 mph (264 km/h) was measured in Nassau, which also experienced the calm of the hurricane's eye for two hours. An estimated 73% of the city's homes and businesses sustained damage, leaving more than 5,000 people without homes. The hurricane was a heavy blow to the declining sponge industry on the islands. Following the storm, wild birds and crops were brought from the Caribbean to replenish their losses in the Bahamas. New building codes were enacted after the 1929 storm to prevent similarly extensive destruction.


1929 Bahamas hurricane
A 6–9 ft (1.8–2.7 m) storm surge battered the Florida Keys, washing out highways and sinking small fishing boats. At least five tornadoes struck Florida, representing some of the first verified reports of tornadoes caused by a tropical cyclone. One impacted Fort Lauderdale's business center and caused $100,000 in damage. The Apalachicola waterfront sustained heavy damage from the storm's final landfall, including the loss of nearly all wharves. Widespread flooding occurred throughout Georgia and The Carolinas due to the continuous influx of moisture from the slowly-moving hurricane.


1929 Bahamas hurricane
A maximum rainfall total of 20.0 in (510 mm) was registered in Glennville, Georgia. The Savannah River reached a record stage of 46.1 ft (14.1 m) at Augusta, Georgia, breaching a levee and inundating much of the surrounding floodplain. The damage toll in the United States totaled to at least $9.31 million.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Background
The Bahamas is an archipelago especially vulnerable to tropical cyclones due to its position within the storm tracks of Atlantic hurricanes. Approximately 80% of its landmass has an elevation within 5 ft (1.5 m) of mean sea level. Before 1929, the islands were hit by hurricanes in 1866, 1899, and 1926 that each killed over a hundred people. The Bahamas, at the time a Crown colony, was adversely affected by the Great Depression.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Background
The economic downturn was further compounded by a sharp reduction in demand in the colony's sisal and sponge after World War I, a weak Pound sterling relative to the American dollar, and a severe drought in the central and southern islands. Hurricane warning systems in the Bahamas were mostly non-existent in 1929; islanders relied on personal weather instruments or the behavior of clouds, tides, and fauna to assess risk. District officers were responsible for informing others of a storm's approach based on the barometer housed in their homes. Flags signaling a hurricane's approach were present at Bahamian forts but were raised arbitrarily and inconsistently.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Meteorological history
The hurricane can be traced back to a complex of disturbed weather near Cabo Verde on September 11, producing showers across the open waters of the Atlantic and directed westward by the Azores High. The disturbance remained a weak tropical wave for much of its early history, but over time gradually organized. By September 15, weather maps began to notate the system as a trough of low pressure north of the Lesser Antilles.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Meteorological history
A portion of this trough split off and moved northwest towards the South Atlantic states while the remaining disturbance continued to organize, becoming a tropical depression approximately 355 mi (570 km) northeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico, by September 18. Over the next three days, the system remained a tropical depression as it tracked slowly west. It reached tropical storm strength by September 22 while 400 mi (640 km) northwest of San Juan and curved northwest. Continuing to strengthen, the storm reached hurricane intensity the following day.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Meteorological history
On September 24, the hurricane began to slowly move southwest towards the Bahamas, traversing the Northeast Providence Channel. Until that point, few observations probed the core of the hurricane on its approach of the islands due to its small size. In 2010, the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project determined the storm had been rapidly intensifying during this period. On September 25, the steamship Potomac measured a central air pressure of 924 mbar (hPa; 27.30 inHg), suggesting wind speeds of 155 mph (250 km/h): a high-end Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Meteorological history
At 00:30 UTC on September 25, the intense hurricane passed over Nassau with sustained winds of 145 mph (230 km/h); the capital city was within the calm of the eye for two hours. The next day, the storm crossed Andros Island south of Fresh Creek, moving at 2–3 mph (3.2–4.8 km/h), and afterwards curved slowly towards the west-northwest over the Florida Straits towards Florida. A high-pressure area associated with cool temperatures over the United States had been responsible for the sudden southwest trajectory over the Bahamas.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Meteorological history
The United States Weather Bureau remarked that the storm's track was "one of the most erratic and abnormal during the last 50 years", with both the slow movement and inadequate observations contributing in the agency's difficulty in locating the center of the storm. The hurricane's winds lessened while its size grew on its Florida approach, and on the morning of September 28, it crossed the Florida Keys near Key Largo with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). A pressure of 948 mbar (hPa; 27.99 inHg) was estimated within a 10-minute lull near the eye's edge at Key Largo.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Meteorological history
Further weakening occurred as the hurricane accelerated northwestward into the eastern Gulf of Mexico, continuing this heading for two days. On September 30, the storm made an unexpectedly sharp turn towards the northeast, making landfall near Panama City, Florida, near midnight as a low-end hurricane with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Positioned near a steep temperature gradient, the storm quickly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 1 shortly after landfall with cold air wrapping around the circulation. The extratropical cyclone quickly moved northeast across the Eastern Seaboard, eventually dissipating near the Saint Lawrence River by October 5.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas
The 1929 hurricane brought catastrophic damage to parts of the Bahamas, killing 142 people. There, the storm has several monikers, including the "Storm of 1929" and the "Three-day Storm", among others. The storm's effects were exacerbated by the hurricane's slow motion, producing hurricane conditions for three days. Whereas the worst impacts of storms in the Bahamas were typically along coasts, the slow movement of the 1929 storm resulted in uniform destruction on both insular coasts and interiors.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas
It was the first known instance of a storm approaching the islands from the northeast and the fifth hurricane overall to strike the island in three years. The unusual path placed Andros and New Providence islands within the strongest quadrant of the storm; the hurricane passed over these islands with an intensity equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane on the modern Saffir–Simpson scale. The swath of winds exceeding 100 mph (160 km/h) cut through much of the Bahamas, encompassing the entirety of Andros and New Providence islands and parts of Great Abaco Island and the Berry Islands.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas
The weaker construction standards of the era succumbed to the force of the hurricane. Poorly-built structures were destroyed en masse by the storm. Many ships throughout the Bahamas were driven ashore and destroyed. The sponging industry, at the time the colony's most prominent economic activity, was badly affected; nearly all sponge warehouses and roughly 70% of sponge vessels were destroyed, with many other ships sustaining serious damage. Communication was lost between many of the islands in the Bahamas. Only a few radio stations remained in the Out Islands, with limited capacity for international communications. Crops sustained widespread losses and roads required significant repairs.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas
Andros and New Providence experienced the heaviest blow in the Bahamas. Other islands in the Bahamas sustained lesser impacts as the force of winds was diminished farther out from the center of the storm. Great Abaco Island endured hurricane-force winds of up to 100 mph (160 km/h) for 36 hours, causing "minor to major damage". Nineteen homes and twelve boats were wrecked on the island. The steamship Wisconsin Bridge went aground along the southeastern tip of Abaco Island near the Hole-in-the-Wall lighthouse; all but one of the 34 crew chose not to evacuate, and those that did perished.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas
The lighthouse was also damaged by the storm. The British freighter Domira went aground 100 ft (30 m) off Great Abaco on September 25. A colonial lighthouse tender was designated to render assistance but could not depart promptly due to the rough seas. Minor damage was also reported on Eleuthera and Cat Island. Communications on Eleuthera were disrupted after winds reached 50 mph (80 km/h). Strong but mostly non-damaging gale-force winds and squalls were reported in Great Exuma Island, Long Island, and Ragged Island; one schoolhouse collapsed in Ragged Island.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
Andros Island experienced its worst storm in at least a century, with the entire island thoroughly devastated. At least 25 fatalities occurred on the island. As the storm's center progressed from the Tongue of the Ocean towards the west of the Bahamas, Andros Island endured hurricane-force winds and rough seas for nearly 48 hours.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
The onslaught was prolonged by the storm's slow motion—2–3 mph (3.2–4.8 km/h) when it moved across Andros Island on September 26—and its expansion as it approached the island; the diameter of the region of hurricane-force winds expanded from 50 mi (80 km) upon the storm's initial entrance into the Northeast Providence Channel to 100 mi (160 km) atop Andros Island.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
A storm surge higher than 12 ft (3.7 m) swamped the island from Mangrove Cay southward, the winds driving the sea 20 mi (32 km) inland along the western and southern coasts of Andros Island and raking the land clear of vegetation. According to the annual report for the island submitted to the Bahamas House of Assembly, all crops and most fruit trees, livestock, and poultry on Andros Island perished. In some locations, the inundation was 20 ft (6.1 m) deep. Areas of the island farther north experienced less flooding. Several ships were lost in the storm at Andros Island.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
The British tanker Potomac, sailing from Havana, Cuba, encountered the core of the hurricane and broke into two on Andros Island after documenting the lowest pressure associated with the hurricane. Having transported a cargo of oil, the mangled vessel was at risk of an explosion; the captain of the ship took to the boiler room to shut off valves himself. Three ships bound for Andros Island were caught in the storm. Among them was the 43 ft (13 m) schooner Pretoria, which sank at the entrance to the Fresh Creek Harbor Channel, killing 35 people with only 3 surviving.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
The schooner Repeat sank near Grassy Creek with the loss of most lives. At Water Cay, at least sixteen ships lost their entire yields of sponges. Many other boats were destroyed or seriously damaged. Six large sloops and another large vessel undergoing repairs were destroyed at Mangrove Cay. Many other vessels were damaged. The wind and waves vacated the seas of any ships, depositing them inland several hundred feet from their anchorage. Ten people drowned at Mangrove Cay. Another 18 drowned en route to the district after their ship sank.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
Many communities on Andros Island lost homes and were littered by debris from destroyed buildings and storm-tossed boats. All churches on Andros Island were destroyed. Fresh Creek and Staniard Creek saw extensive damage from the hurricane. Six homes were razed and ten were badly damaged in Fresh Creek. Two jail cells were unroofed and the commissioner's office, residency, and outbuildings were damaged. The local telegraph station was knocked out of commission and the seawall was damaged. More than 20 people drowned following the sinking of four boats near the Andros Lighthouse at Fresh Creek.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
Twelve houses were destroyed in Staniard Creek; every remaining home was damaged. The local wharf and a recently completed bridge were washed away. People in the district were urged to seek shelter as water began to overtake the district. Seventy sought refuge at a Wesleyan mission house only for the building to be inundated by water, forcing the evacuees to relocate to the local schoolhouse. The house eventually held over 100 people; another 50 took shelter at a second school. A church collapsed during the storm with over a hundred inside, injuring one.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
Cargill Creek was abandoned after being entirely flooded, with only hills rising above the water. All homes were damaged in Blanket Sound, and 13 among them collapsed. Wrecked boats littered the area between Blanket Sound and Stafford Creek. All ships at Love Hill and Small Hope were damaged. Five homes were destroyed. Along Calabash Bay, seven houses were flattened. At the graveyard, 22 coffins were exhumed by the rough sea. Fifteen people went missing from Behring Point, where 12 homes were destroyed. Three homes remained in Rolle Town, with the rest destroyed.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
The wharf on Deep Creek was destroyed and its ships scattered. One ship was set adrift 18 mi (29 km) away. Only three of the twenty-seven homes in Black Point, which lies along Deep Creek, remained after the storm. The storm surge along Andros Island's west coast killed ten people tending their crops in Southern Bight.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, Andros Island
I regret exceedingly to report that on September 25, 26, and 27 the most destructive hurricane in the history of [Mangrove Cay] swept the island. Its extreme duration and sustained violence without precedent in my experience. The whole place appears as though burned with fire and fields once full of promise are naked stripped of all vegetation. The situation is the most serious the island has ever had to face.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, New Providence Island
Nassau received its first bulletin from the U.S. Weather Bureau on the morning of September 25, shortly before the onset of gale-force winds by noon and hurricane-force winds that evening. Sustained winds at Nassau reached an estimated 120–140 mph (195–225 km/h), punctuated by a maximum gust of 164 mph (264 km/h). The air pressure bottomed out at 936 mbar (hPa; 27.64 inHg). Radio contact between Florida and Nassau was lost between September 25 and the night of September 27.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, New Providence Island
Few homes were left unscathed, with damage to private property "enormous" according to an Associated Press report and meteorologist Ivan Ray Tannehill. Many homes were unroofed, particularly in the colored quarter of Nassau. An estimated 73% of all homes and businesses in the city and 95% of churches were destroyed. Several of the remaining churches lost their roofs. The Government House's eastern wing was partially unroofed and the mansion of the Ministry of Education was razed.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, New Providence Island
The police barracks and much of the prison lost their roofs; the prison's eventual repair was one of the costliest parts of the post-storm cleanup. Forty prisoners were released due to safety concerns. Parts of the Nassau hospital were damaged beyond repair, requiring demolition and reconstruction. The strength of the winds bent telephone poles at right angles to the ground and stripped the city's ceiba trees of their branches.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, New Providence Island
Nassau was also inundated by the storm surge and heavy rainfall, submerging parts of the city's southern district with over 4 ft (1.2 m) of water for several days. One street was submerged under 6 ft (1.8 m) of water. Water reached the second floor of a hotel, where a boat was later found. Floodwaters in homes were 18 in (0.46 m) deep in living rooms. Some people resorted to boring holes in the floors of their houses to drain the water. Potter's Cay was bifurcated by floodwaters. Fields, gardens, and orchards in Nassau were left in disarray.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, New Providence Island
All poultry farms in Nassau were destroyed. On one chicken farm, only 90 of 500 chickens survived. Shipping in the Nassau area suffered a heavy blow. The hurricane wreaked havoc on Nassau Harbour, where many shipowners chose to remain on their ships, which were blown away and never recovered. The sponging fleet was a near-total loss. East Bay Street was littered by the remains of small boats. The mail steamer Princess Montagu was blown out of her harbor and stranded on Tony Rock. Her passengers and crew were rescued on September 25.


1929 Bahamas hurricane, Effects in the Bahamas, New Providence Island
Three other mail ships capsized in the hurricane, including the Priscilla, which serviced the Abaco Islands and Eleuthera; the Ollie Forde, which serviced Andres Island; and the Magic, which had also been fulfilling the Ollie Forde's duties. Long Wharf was also decimated by the storm. In total, nine people died in Nassau, including three drownings.